{"question_id":"video_10000_q00","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q01","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q02","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q03","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q04","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q05","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q06","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.3138 to 0.2678 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.191 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q07","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.81070635286795}}}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q08","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-38.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-38.226612,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q09","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0052 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2678 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49131189606246317}}}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q10","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -20.27°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-48.520815280171306,"omega0_rad_s":0.05358983848622456}}}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q11","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+17.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.9401,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q12","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-12.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.689091,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10000_q13","video_id":"video_10000","video_path":"videos/val/video_10000.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q00","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q01","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q02","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[30,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q03","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q04","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q05","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q06","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It is approximately conserved (0.6035 to 0.6035 J/kg), because γ = 0 and there is no damping.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"approximately conserved","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q07","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.81070635286795}}}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q08","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.928612,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q09","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0118 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.6035 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3}}}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q10","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -20.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.17766952966369,"omega0_rad_s":0.05358983848622456}}}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q11","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+20.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.170883,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q12","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.697547,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10001_q13","video_id":"video_10001","video_path":"videos/val/video_10001.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q00","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q01","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q02","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[20,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q03","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q04","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q05","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q06","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6399 to 0.0524 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.191 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q07","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.81070635286795}}}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q08","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.585333,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q09","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0524 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49131189606246317}}}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q10","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.14213562373095,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4415063509461096}}}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q11","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.892105,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q12","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.524073,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10002_q13","video_id":"video_10002","video_path":"videos/val/video_10002.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q00","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q01","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q02","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 11.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,11.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[25,139],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q03","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q04","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q05","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q06","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4107 to 0.0325 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.191 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q07","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.81070635286795}}}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q08","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.271177,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q09","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0325 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49131189606246317}}}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q10","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.11°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.17766952966369,"omega0_rad_s":0.05358983848622456}}}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q11","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.791291,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8513325214724777}}}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q12","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.564702,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10003_q13","video_id":"video_10003","video_path":"videos/val/video_10003.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q00","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q01","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q02","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q03","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q04","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q05","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q06","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6035 to 0.0492 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.191 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q07","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.76135211010139}}}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q08","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.928612,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q09","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0492 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49131189606246317}}}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q10","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.25°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.17766952966369,"omega0_rad_s":0.05358983848622456}}}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q11","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.509523,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q12","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.609043,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10004_q13","video_id":"video_10004","video_path":"videos/val/video_10004.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q00","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q01","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q02","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q03","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q04","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q05","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q06","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.6947 to 3.5196 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.022 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q07","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.81070635286795}}}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q08","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.199307,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q09","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0667 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.5196 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3218033988749895}}}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q10","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +39.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.48528137423857,"omega0_rad_s":0.3232050807568877}}}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q11","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-40.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-40.785207,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6412580992953794}}}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q12","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+38.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":38.415079,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.97994974842648}}}
{"question_id":"video_10005_q13","video_id":"video_10005","video_path":"videos/val/video_10005.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q00","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q01","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q02","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.25],"evidence_frames":[19,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q03","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q04","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q05","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q06","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.2753 to 0.1165 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.274 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q07","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.27712864078045}}}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q08","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+54.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":54.914621,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q09","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0023 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1165 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5739356881873896}}}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q10","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":55.562445840513924,"omega0_rad_s":0.16076951545867368}}}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q11","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.014285,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q12","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+10.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.254529,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10006_q13","video_id":"video_10006","video_path":"videos/val/video_10006.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q00","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q01","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q02","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q03","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q04","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q05","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q06","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3732 to 1.0449 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.021 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q07","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.27712864078045}}}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q08","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.403188,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q09","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0206 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.0449 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3207883832488647}}}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q10","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +26.64°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":30.533008588991066,"omega0_rad_s":0.16076951545867368}}}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q11","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-25.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-25.230188,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q12","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+19.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.236821,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10007_q13","video_id":"video_10007","video_path":"videos/val/video_10007.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q00","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q01","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q02","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.0],"evidence_frames":[19,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q03","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q04","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q05","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q06","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1727 to 0.0320 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.274 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q07","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.27712864078045}}}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q08","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.243656,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q09","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0320 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5739356881873896}}}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q10","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.99°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.426406871192853,"omega0_rad_s":0.3745190528383289}}}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q11","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.083556,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q12","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.759276,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10008_q13","video_id":"video_10008","video_path":"videos/val/video_10008.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q00","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q01","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q02","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[22,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q03","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q04","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q05","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q06","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9806 to 0.0523 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.274 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q07","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.27712864078045}}}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q08","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-27.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.811761,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q09","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0523 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5739356881873896}}}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q10","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.48°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":30.533008588991066,"omega0_rad_s":0.16076951545867368}}}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q11","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.188044,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7954951288348662}}}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q12","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.132337,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10009_q13","video_id":"video_10009","video_path":"videos/val/video_10009.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q00","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q01","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q02","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q03","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q04","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q05","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q06","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3732 to 0.0381 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.274 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q07","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":119.28415426617599}}}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q08","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.403188,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q09","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0381 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5739356881873896}}}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q10","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.99°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":30.533008588991066,"omega0_rad_s":0.16076951545867368}}}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q11","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.603954,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q12","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.318513,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10010_q13","video_id":"video_10010","video_path":"videos/val/video_10010.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q00","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q01","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q02","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 9.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,9.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,115],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q03","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q04","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q05","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q06","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.9696 to 3.8750 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.045 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q07","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.27712864078045}}}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q08","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-52.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-52.761894,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q09","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0760 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.8750 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34541019662496847}}}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q10","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -30.47°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.45584412271571,"omega0_rad_s":-0.26961524227066314}}}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q11","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+28.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":28.019628,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9237742978861379}}}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q12","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.163994,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.739849245279439}}}
{"question_id":"video_10011_q13","video_id":"video_10011","video_path":"videos/val/video_10011.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q00","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q01","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q02","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q03","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q04","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q05","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q06","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.9555 to 0.0275 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.357 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q07","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.67508126268687}}}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q08","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-33.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-33.722302,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q09","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0275 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.656559480312316}}}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q10","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.21°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.60407640085654,"omega0_rad_s":-0.13205080756887722}}}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q11","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.368025,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q12","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.089494,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10012_q13","video_id":"video_10012","video_path":"videos/val/video_10012.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q00","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q01","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q02","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q03","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q04","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q05","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q06","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3835 to 0.1020 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.101 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q07","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.67508126268687}}}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q08","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.099805,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q09","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0020 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1020 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4013139720814412}}}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q10","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.66°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.888347648318444,"omega0_rad_s":-0.13205080756887722}}}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q11","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.046163,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q12","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.403952,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10013_q13","video_id":"video_10013","video_path":"videos/val/video_10013.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q00","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q01","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q02","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[28,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q03","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q04","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q05","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q06","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5219 to 0.0046 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.357 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q07","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.67508126268687}}}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q08","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-13.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.599385,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q09","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0046 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.656559480312316}}}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q10","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.49°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":15.710678118654755,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5575317547305483}}}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q11","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.192682,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q12","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.789534,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10014_q13","video_id":"video_10014","video_path":"videos/val/video_10014.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q00","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q01","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q02","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,9.25],"evidence_frames":[21,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q03","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q04","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q05","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q06","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.2966 to 0.0027 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.357 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q07","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.67508126268687}}}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q08","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.345107,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q09","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0027 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.656559480312316}}}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q10","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.83°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.888347648318444,"omega0_rad_s":-0.13205080756887722}}}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q11","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.19818,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q12","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.467266,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.042640687119285}}}
{"question_id":"video_10015_q13","video_id":"video_10015","video_path":"videos/val/video_10015.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q00","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q01","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q02","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q03","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q04","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q05","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q06","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3835 to 0.0036 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.357 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q07","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.23558630635291}}}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q08","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.099805,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q09","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0036 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.656559480312316}}}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q10","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.81°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.888347648318444,"omega0_rad_s":-0.13205080756887722}}}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q11","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.17953,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q12","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.940526,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10016_q13","video_id":"video_10016","video_path":"videos/val/video_10016.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q00","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q01","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q02","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 7.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,7.833333333333333],"evidence_frames":[21,94],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q03","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q04","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q05","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q06","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.2715 to 2.1385 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.069 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q07","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.67508126268687}}}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q08","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.684078,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q09","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0435 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.1385 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.36901699437494745}}}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q10","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +26.87°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.42640687119285,"omega0_rad_s":-0.41602540378443864}}}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q11","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-28.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-28.239848,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7687904964768961}}}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q12","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+16.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.000177,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.499748742132399}}}
{"question_id":"video_10017_q13","video_id":"video_10017","video_path":"videos/val/video_10017.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q00","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q01","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q02","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q03","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q04","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q05","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q06","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.8582 to 0.0121 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.439 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q07","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.088104834729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q08","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+48.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":48.203473,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q09","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0121 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7391832724372425}}}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q10","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.64570696119917,"omega0_rad_s":-0.024871130596428148}}}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q11","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.589204,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q12","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.077935,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10018_q13","video_id":"video_10018","video_path":"videos/val/video_10018.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q00","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q01","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q02","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q03","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q04","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q05","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q06","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0115 to 0.3946 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.072 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q07","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.088104834729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q08","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.390741,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q09","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0077 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3946 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3718395609140177}}}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q10","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.55°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.24368670764583,"omega0_rad_s":-0.024871130596428148}}}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q11","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-18.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.709891,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q12","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.487028,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10019_q13","video_id":"video_10019","video_path":"videos/val/video_10019.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q00","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q01","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q02","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q03","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q04","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q05","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q06","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9681 to 0.0031 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.439 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q07","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.088104834729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q08","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.912564,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q09","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0031 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7391832724372425}}}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q10","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.10°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":23.994949366116664,"omega0_rad_s":0.4905444566227676}}}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q11","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.152072,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q12","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.596072,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10020_q13","video_id":"video_10020","video_path":"videos/val/video_10020.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q00","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q01","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q02","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[26,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q03","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q04","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q05","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q06","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7257 to 0.0022 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.439 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q07","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.088104834729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q08","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+19.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.528623,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q09","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0022 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7391832724372425}}}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q10","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = -0.71°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.24368670764583,"omega0_rad_s":-0.024871130596428148}}}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q11","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.047045,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8968276503073437}}}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q12","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.269922,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10021_q13","video_id":"video_10021","video_path":"videos/val/video_10021.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q00","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q01","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q02","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q03","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q04","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q05","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q06","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0115 to 0.0032 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.439 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q07","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":118.13012469844674}}}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q08","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.390741,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q09","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0032 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7391832724372425}}}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q10","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.43°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.24368670764583,"omega0_rad_s":-0.024871130596428148}}}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q11","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.588105,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q12","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.838127,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10022_q13","video_id":"video_10022","video_path":"videos/val/video_10022.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q00","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q01","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q02","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q03","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q04","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q05","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q06","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.1253 to 1.5121 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.093 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q07","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.088104834729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q08","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-19.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.221948,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q09","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0290 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.5121 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.39262379212492643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q10","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -33.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":50.396969619669996,"omega0_rad_s":0.3624355652982141}}}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q11","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+32.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":32.553493,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6138066950676544}}}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q12","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-26.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-26.767395,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.859648238985358}}}
{"question_id":"video_10023_q13","video_id":"video_10023","video_path":"videos/val/video_10023.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q00","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q01","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q02","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,112],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q03","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q04","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q05","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q06","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.8621 to 0.5035 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.172 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q07","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":104.11538415778682}}}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q08","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-59.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-59.704764,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q09","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0098 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5035 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4718070645621689}}}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q10","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -21.70°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-59.68733752154178,"omega0_rad_s":0.08230854637602114}}}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q11","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+19.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.096972,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q12","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-22.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-22.194484,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10024_q13","video_id":"video_10024","video_path":"videos/val/video_10024.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q00","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q01","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q02","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q03","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q04","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q05","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q06","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9376 to 1.1092 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.042 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q07","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":104.11538415778682}}}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q08","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-10.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.815253,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q09","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0218 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.1092 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34236514974659416}}}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q10","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -29.17°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-36.5990257669732,"omega0_rad_s":0.08230854637602114}}}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q11","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+27.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":27.650986,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q12","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-21.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.180673,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10025_q13","video_id":"video_10025","video_path":"videos/val/video_10025.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q00","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q01","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q02","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q03","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q04","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q05","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q06","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6058 to 0.1691 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.172 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q07","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":104.11538415778682}}}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q08","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-14.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.482919,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q09","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0033 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1691 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4718070645621689}}}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q10","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.40°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.27922061357856,"omega0_rad_s":-0.42355715851498676}}}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q11","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.519165,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q12","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-8.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.752604,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10026_q13","video_id":"video_10026","video_path":"videos/val/video_10026.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q00","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q01","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q02","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 7.50 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,7.5],"evidence_frames":[22,90],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q03","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q04","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q05","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q06","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.9269 to 0.2949 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.172 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q07","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":104.11538415778682}}}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q08","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.928489,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q09","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0053 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2949 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4718070645621689}}}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q10","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -1.60°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-36.5990257669732,"omega0_rad_s":0.08230854637602114}}}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q11","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.619716,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.886485386504598}}}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q12","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-11.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.174078,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10027_q13","video_id":"video_10027","video_path":"videos/val/video_10027.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q00","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q01","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q02","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q03","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q04","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q05","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q06","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9376 to 0.2036 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.172 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q07","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":66.15020027718063}}}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q08","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-10.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.815253,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q09","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0040 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2036 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4718070645621689}}}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q10","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -17.91°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-36.5990257669732,"omega0_rad_s":0.08230854637602114}}}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q11","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.271156,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q12","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.353298,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10028_q13","video_id":"video_10028","video_path":"videos/val/video_10028.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q00","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q01","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q02","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[23,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q03","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q04","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q05","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q06","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.5426 to 6.1116 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.016 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q07","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":104.11538415778682}}}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q08","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+51.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":51.934277,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q09","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1265 J/kg counterfactual vs 6.1116 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3162305898749054}}}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q10","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +17.48°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-55.36753236814714,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3088457268119894}}}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q11","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-12.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.452673,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8963228936584131}}}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q12","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-10.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.457387,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.619547735838317}}}
{"question_id":"video_10029_q13","video_id":"video_10029","video_path":"videos/val/video_10029.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q00","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q01","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q02","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q03","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q04","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q05","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q06","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.4867 to 0.1232 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.254 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q07","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.09075163985926}}}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q08","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+43.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":43.950299,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q09","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0024 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1232 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5544308566870954}}}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q10","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.78°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":49.728968081884396,"omega0_rad_s":0.1894882233484701}}}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q11","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.404104,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q12","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.475438,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10030_q13","video_id":"video_10030","video_path":"videos/val/video_10030.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q00","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q01","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q02","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q03","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q04","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q05","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q06","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7294 to 0.6160 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.013 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q07","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.09075163985926}}}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q08","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.26712,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q09","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0122 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.6160 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3128907385791707}}}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q10","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +20.68°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.954364826300584,"omega0_rad_s":0.1894882233484701}}}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q11","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-19.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.948784,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q12","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+11.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.126958,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10031_q13","video_id":"video_10031","video_path":"videos/val/video_10031.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q00","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q01","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q02","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q03","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q04","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q05","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q06","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6886 to 0.0242 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.254 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q07","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.09075163985926}}}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q08","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+9.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.889051,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q09","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0242 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5544308566870954}}}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q10","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.16°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.563491861040468,"omega0_rad_s":0.3565698604072062}}}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q11","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.584947,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q12","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.089455,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10032_q13","video_id":"video_10032","video_path":"videos/val/video_10032.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q00","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q01","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q02","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[28,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q03","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q04","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q05","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q06","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8721 to 0.0313 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.254 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q07","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.09075163985926}}}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q08","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.878534,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q09","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0313 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5544308566870954}}}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q10","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.28°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.954364826300584,"omega0_rad_s":0.1894882233484701}}}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q11","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.969937,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q12","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.662903,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.133809511662427}}}
{"question_id":"video_10033_q13","video_id":"video_10033","video_path":"videos/val/video_10033.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q00","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q01","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q02","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q03","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q04","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q05","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q06","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7294 to 0.0262 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.254 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q07","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":114.94207482288677}}}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q08","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.26712,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q09","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0262 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5544308566870954}}}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q10","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.91°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.954364826300584,"omega0_rad_s":0.1894882233484701}}}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q11","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.890321,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q12","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.429436,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10034_q13","video_id":"video_10034","video_path":"videos/val/video_10034.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q00","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q01","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q02","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.75],"evidence_frames":[20,93],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q03","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q04","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q05","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q06","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.6598 to 3.3616 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.040 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q07","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.09075163985926}}}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q08","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+23.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":23.0197,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q09","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0672 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.3616 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33983738762488436}}}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q10","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -25.24°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":48.33809511662428,"omega0_rad_s":-0.25525588832576496}}}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q11","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+26.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":26.943397,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7413390922491714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q12","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-14.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.774335,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.379447232691277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10035_q13","video_id":"video_10035","video_path":"videos/val/video_10035.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q00","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q01","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q02","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q03","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q04","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q05","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q06","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.4395 to 0.0529 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.337 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q07","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":77.0673655817275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q08","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-56.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-56.455304,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q09","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0529 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6370546488120218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q10","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.67°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-56.770598642227014,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10333209967908064}}}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q11","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.385263,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q12","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.001759,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10036_q13","video_id":"video_10036","video_path":"videos/val/video_10036.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q00","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q01","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q02","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q03","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q04","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q05","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q06","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5242 to 0.4476 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.093 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q07","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":77.0673655817275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q08","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.477991,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q09","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0088 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4476 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.39341632741174715}}}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q10","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -21.45°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.309703885627954,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10333209967908064}}}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q11","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+19.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.932893,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q12","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-11.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.654032,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10037_q13","video_id":"video_10037","video_path":"videos/val/video_10037.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q00","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q01","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q02","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q03","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q04","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q05","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q06","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3629 to 0.0161 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.337 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q07","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":77.0673655817275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q08","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.086226,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q09","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0161 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6370546488120218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q10","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.847763108502367,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5395825622994254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q11","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.463599,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q12","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.246025,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10038_q13","video_id":"video_10038","video_path":"videos/val/video_10038.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q00","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q01","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q02","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 7.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,7.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[27,95],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q03","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q04","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q05","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q06","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1480 to 0.0138 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.337 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q07","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":77.0673655817275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q08","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.407079,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q09","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0138 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6370546488120218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q10","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.02°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.309703885627954,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10333209967908064}}}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q11","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.43528,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9423227791422097}}}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q12","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.247312,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10039_q13","video_id":"video_10039","video_path":"videos/val/video_10039.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q00","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q01","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q02","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q03","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q04","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q05","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q06","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5242 to 0.0184 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.337 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q07","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":61.319182892772126}}}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q08","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.477991,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q09","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0184 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6370546488120218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q10","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.18°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.309703885627954,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10333209967908064}}}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q11","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.863495,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q12","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.387027,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10040_q13","video_id":"video_10040","video_path":"videos/val/video_10040.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q00","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q01","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q02","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q03","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q04","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q05","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q06","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.5527 to 2.3998 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.063 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q07","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":77.0673655817275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q08","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.008046,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q09","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0468 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.3998 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.36344418537486334}}}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q10","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +35.56°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-53.308657865101424,"omega0_rad_s":0.40166604983954035}}}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q11","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-35.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-35.643409,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5863552908399297}}}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q12","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+30.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":30.007805,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.739346729544236}}}
{"question_id":"video_10041_q13","video_id":"video_10041","video_path":"videos/val/video_10041.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q00","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q01","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q02","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q03","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q04","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q05","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q06","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.0961 to 0.0126 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.420 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q07","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.12024833070187}}}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q08","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+34.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":34.737677,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q09","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0126 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7196784409369481}}}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q10","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.21°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":46.81222920256963,"omega0_rad_s":0.0038475772933683206}}}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q11","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.573368,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q12","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.756369,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10042_q13","video_id":"video_10042","video_path":"videos/val/video_10042.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q00","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q01","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q02","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q03","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q04","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q05","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q06","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4626 to 0.2003 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.064 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q07","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.12024833070187}}}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q08","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.343337,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q09","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0039 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2003 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3639419162443237}}}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q10","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +13.61°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":17.665042944955342,"omega0_rad_s":0.0038475772933683206}}}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q11","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.217895,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q12","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.401986,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10043_q13","video_id":"video_10043","video_path":"videos/val/video_10043.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q00","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q01","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q02","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q03","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q04","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q05","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q06","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5470 to 0.0022 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.420 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q07","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.12024833070187}}}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q08","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.818978,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q09","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0022 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7196784409369481}}}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q10","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.26°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":17.132034355964272,"omega0_rad_s":0.47259526419164477}}}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q11","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.508544,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q12","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.396582,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10044_q13","video_id":"video_10044","video_path":"videos/val/video_10044.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q00","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q01","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q02","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,137],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q03","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q04","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q05","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q06","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5930 to 0.0022 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.420 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q07","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.12024833070187}}}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q08","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.229987,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q09","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0022 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7196784409369481}}}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q10","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":17.665042944955342,"omega0_rad_s":0.0038475772933683206}}}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q11","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.670401,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6024756441743302}}}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q12","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.909109,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10045_q13","video_id":"video_10045","video_path":"videos/val/video_10045.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q00","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q01","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q02","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q03","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q04","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q05","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q06","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4626 to 0.0019 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.420 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q07","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":112.03609925070373}}}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q08","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.343337,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q09","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0019 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7196784409369481}}}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q10","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.24°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":17.665042944955342,"omega0_rad_s":0.0038475772933683206}}}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q11","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.658447,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q12","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.546053,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10046_q13","video_id":"video_10046","video_path":"videos/val/video_10046.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q00","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q01","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q02","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.666666666666666],"evidence_frames":[21,140],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q03","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q04","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q05","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q06","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.3300 to 1.7211 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.087 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q07","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.12024833070187}}}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q08","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-42.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-42.502351,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q09","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0318 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.7211 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3870509831248423}}}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q10","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -30.90°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":46.279220613578566,"omega0_rad_s":-0.34807621135331585}}}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q11","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+29.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.183291,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8688714894306884}}}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q12","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-24.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.524075,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.499246226397196}}}
{"question_id":"video_10047_q13","video_id":"video_10047","video_path":"videos/val/video_10047.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q00","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q01","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q02","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.25],"evidence_frames":[19,87],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q03","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q04","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q05","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q06","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.0298 to 0.5406 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.152 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q07","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":92.5358340853889}}}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q08","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-50.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-50.252846,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q09","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0106 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5406 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.45230223306187467}}}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q10","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -23.70°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-53.85385976291225,"omega0_rad_s":0.11102725426581764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q11","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+21.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.151048,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q12","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-20.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-20.864691,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10048_q13","video_id":"video_10048","video_path":"videos/val/video_10048.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q00","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q01","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q02","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[30,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q03","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q04","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q05","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q06","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1561 to 0.7355 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.034 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q07","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":92.5358340853889}}}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q08","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.452583,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q09","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0144 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.7355 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33446750507690015}}}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q10","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -24.32°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-28.020382004282716,"omega0_rad_s":0.11102725426581764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q11","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+23.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":23.684529,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q12","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-11.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.088357,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10049_q13","video_id":"video_10049","video_path":"videos/val/video_10049.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q00","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q01","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q02","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q03","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q04","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q05","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q06","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0317 to 0.1406 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.152 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q07","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":92.5358340853889}}}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q08","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.921034,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q09","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0028 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1406 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.45230223306187467}}}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q10","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -13.59°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.416305603426174,"omega0_rad_s":-0.40560796608386396}}}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q11","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.110307,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q12","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.060442,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10050_q13","video_id":"video_10050","video_path":"videos/val/video_10050.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q00","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q01","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q02","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 8.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,8.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,107],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q03","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q04","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q05","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q06","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9464 to 0.1239 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.152 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q07","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":92.5358340853889}}}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q08","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.525327,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q09","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0022 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1239 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.45230223306187467}}}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q10","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +11.04°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-28.020382004282716,"omega0_rad_s":0.11102725426581764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q11","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-11.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.023562,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q12","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.232808,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.62497833620557}}}
{"question_id":"video_10051_q13","video_id":"video_10051","video_path":"videos/val/video_10051.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q00","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q01","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q02","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q03","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q04","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q05","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q06","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1561 to 0.1571 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.152 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q07","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":63.52780324443614}}}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q08","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.452583,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q09","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0031 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1571 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.45230223306187467}}}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q10","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.09°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-28.020382004282716,"omega0_rad_s":0.11102725426581764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q11","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+14.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.030655,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q12","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.119666,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10052_q13","video_id":"video_10052","video_path":"videos/val/video_10052.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q00","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q01","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q02","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.25],"evidence_frames":[21,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q03","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q04","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q05","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q06","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.1761 to 5.3738 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.011 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q07","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":92.5358340853889}}}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q08","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-10.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.15983,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q09","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1102 J/kg counterfactual vs 5.3738 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3106577808748213}}}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q10","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +42.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-51.2497833620557,"omega0_rad_s":-0.2944863728670912}}}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q11","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-44.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-44.953684,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7138876880214466}}}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q12","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+36.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":36.807615,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.259145723250155}}}
{"question_id":"video_10053_q13","video_id":"video_10053","video_path":"videos/val/video_10053.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q00","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q01","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q02","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.25],"evidence_frames":[19,87],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q03","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q04","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q05","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q06","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.0549 to 0.2283 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.235 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q07","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.48962787005503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q08","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+60.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":60.86437,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q09","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0044 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2283 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5349260251868011}}}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q10","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":60.89549032325487,"omega0_rad_s":-0.18179306876173346}}}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q11","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.512785,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q12","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+14.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.746591,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10054_q13","video_id":"video_10054","video_path":"videos/val/video_10054.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q00","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q01","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q02","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q03","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q04","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q05","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q06","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1359 to 0.4716 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.115 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q07","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.48962787005503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q08","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.647517,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q09","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0092 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4716 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4149930939094767}}}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q10","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +23.48°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.3757210636101,"omega0_rad_s":-0.18179306876173346}}}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q11","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-21.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.85558,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q12","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+12.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.236143,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10055_q13","video_id":"video_10055","video_path":"videos/val/video_10055.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q00","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q01","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q02","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,7.0],"evidence_frames":[29,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q03","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q04","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q05","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q06","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8218 to 0.0831 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.235 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q07","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.48962787005503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q08","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.006515,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q09","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0016 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0831 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5349260251868011}}}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q10","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -13.23°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-33.70057685088808,"omega0_rad_s":0.5886206679760834}}}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q11","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.105281,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q12","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.694507,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10056_q13","video_id":"video_10056","video_path":"videos/val/video_10056.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q00","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q01","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q02","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,9.0],"evidence_frames":[27,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q03","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q04","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q05","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q06","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6852 to 0.0731 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.235 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q07","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.48962787005503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q08","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.47946,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q09","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0013 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0731 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5349260251868011}}}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q10","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.61°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.3757210636101,"omega0_rad_s":-0.18179306876173346}}}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q11","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.923395,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9878179079770757}}}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q12","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+8.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.396781,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10057_q13","video_id":"video_10057","video_path":"videos/val/video_10057.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q00","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q01","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q02","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q03","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q04","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q05","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q06","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1359 to 0.0981 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.235 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q07","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":126.46022145173177}}}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q08","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.647517,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q09","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0019 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0981 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5349260251868011}}}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q10","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +14.65°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.3757210636101,"omega0_rad_s":-0.18179306876173346}}}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q11","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.00944,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q12","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.803699,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10058_q13","video_id":"video_10058","video_path":"videos/val/video_10058.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q00","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q01","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q02","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,124],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q03","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q04","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q05","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q06","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.9740 to 3.8334 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.034 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q07","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.48962787005503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q08","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.427516,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q09","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0751 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.8334 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3342645786248003}}}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q10","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -49.31°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":56.220346110532844,"omega0_rad_s":0.44089653438086673}}}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q11","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+48.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":48.664963,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5589038866122054}}}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q12","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-46.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-46.881541,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.619045220103116}}}
{"question_id":"video_10059_q13","video_id":"video_10059","video_path":"videos/val/video_10059.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q00","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q01","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q02","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q03","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q04","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q05","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q06","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.6308 to 0.0561 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.318 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q07","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.91052483757218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q08","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-45.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-45.312395,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q09","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0561 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6175498173117275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q10","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.91°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-50.93712088359748,"omega0_rad_s":-0.07461339178928411}}}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q11","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.752368,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q12","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.282715,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10060_q13","video_id":"video_10060","video_path":"videos/val/video_10060.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q00","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q01","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q02","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q03","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q04","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q05","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q06","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8323 to 0.2717 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.086 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q07","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.91052483757218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q08","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.140467,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q09","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0053 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2717 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.38551868274205314}}}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q10","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -16.74°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.73106012293747,"omega0_rad_s":-0.07461339178928411}}}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q11","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+15.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.864609,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q12","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.272425,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10061_q13","video_id":"video_10061","video_path":"videos/val/video_10061.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q00","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q01","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q02","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[29,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q03","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q04","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q05","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q06","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8494 to 0.0129 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.318 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q07","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.91052483757218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q08","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-11.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.870529,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q09","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0129 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6175498173117275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q10","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.92°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.98484809834998,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5216333698683026}}}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q11","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.350662,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q12","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.408617,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10062_q13","video_id":"video_10062","video_path":"videos/val/video_10062.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q00","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q01","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q02","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,127],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q03","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q04","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q05","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q06","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1289 to 0.0181 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.318 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q07","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.91052483757218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q08","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+20.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.523274,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q09","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0181 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6175498173117275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q10","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.73106012293747,"omega0_rad_s":-0.07461339178928411}}}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q11","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.726345,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.693465901844062}}}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q12","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.366217,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10063_q13","video_id":"video_10063","video_path":"videos/val/video_10063.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q00","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q01","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q02","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q03","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q04","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q05","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q06","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8323 to 0.0130 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.318 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q07","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":64.80280733757903}}}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q08","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.140467,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q09","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0130 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6175498173117275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q10","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.58°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.73106012293747,"omega0_rad_s":-0.07461339178928411}}}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q11","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.617563,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q12","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.555117,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10064_q13","video_id":"video_10064","video_path":"videos/val/video_10064.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q00","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q01","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q02","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[22,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q03","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q04","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q05","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q06","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.8531 to 2.7900 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.058 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q07","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.91052483757218}}}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q08","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+49.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":49.919424,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q09","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0559 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.7900 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3578713763747793}}}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q10","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +28.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-49.19090885900999,"omega0_rad_s":-0.38730669589464206}}}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q11","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-24.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.706393,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8414200852029632}}}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q12","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+18.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.074068,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.378944716956076}}}
{"question_id":"video_10065_q13","video_id":"video_10065","video_path":"videos/val/video_10065.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q00","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q01","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q02","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q03","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q04","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q05","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q06","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.6089 to 0.0239 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.400 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q07","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":91.90422558500643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q08","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+57.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":57.874557,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q09","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0239 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.700173609436654}}}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q10","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.25°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":57.9787514439401,"omega0_rad_s":0.03256628518316518}}}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q11","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.179725,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q12","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.829639,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10066_q13","video_id":"video_10066","video_path":"videos/val/video_10066.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q00","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q01","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q02","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q03","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q04","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q05","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q06","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6860 to 0.8072 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.056 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q07","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":91.90422558500643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q08","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.665414,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q09","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0159 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.8072 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3560442715746296}}}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q10","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +25.96°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.08639918226484,"omega0_rad_s":0.03256628518316518}}}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q11","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-24.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.453167,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q12","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+16.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.878013,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10067_q13","video_id":"video_10067","video_path":"videos/val/video_10067.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q00","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q01","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q02","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q03","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q04","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q05","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q06","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4408 to 0.0076 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.400 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q07","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":91.90422558500643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q08","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.703341,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q09","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0076 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.700173609436654}}}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q10","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":30.269119345811877,"omega0_rad_s":0.45464607176052174}}}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q11","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.685557,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q12","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.286605,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10068_q13","video_id":"video_10068","video_path":"videos/val/video_10068.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q00","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q01","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q02","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 11.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,11.75],"evidence_frames":[27,141],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q03","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q04","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q05","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q06","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1075 to 0.0101 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.400 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q07","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":91.90422558500643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q08","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.472489,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q09","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0101 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.700173609436654}}}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q10","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.47°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.08639918226484,"omega0_rad_s":0.03256628518316518}}}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q11","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.166577,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q12","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.595311,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.716147160748712}}}
{"question_id":"video_10069_q13","video_id":"video_10069","video_path":"videos/val/video_10069.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q00","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q01","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q02","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q03","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q04","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q05","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q06","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6860 to 0.0089 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.400 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q07","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":121.45529902987275}}}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q08","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.665414,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q09","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0089 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.700173609436654}}}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q10","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.68°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.08639918226484,"omega0_rad_s":0.03256628518316518}}}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q11","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.455804,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q12","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.721223,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10070_q13","video_id":"video_10070","video_path":"videos/val/video_10070.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q00","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q01","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q02","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.0],"evidence_frames":[20,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q03","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q04","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q05","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q06","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.6903 to 2.3234 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.081 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q07","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":91.90422558500643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q08","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+20.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.569485,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q09","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0458 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.3234 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.38147817412475826}}}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q10","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -19.94°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":54.16147160748713,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3337168574084174}}}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q11","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+20.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.87389,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6864362837937221}}}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q12","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.637573,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.138844213809035}}}
{"question_id":"video_10071_q13","video_id":"video_10071","video_path":"videos/val/video_10071.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q00","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q01","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q02","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q03","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q04","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q05","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q06","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.2582 to 0.0058 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.483 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q07","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.40593405988214}}}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q08","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-36.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-36.052576,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q09","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0058 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7827974015615804}}}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q10","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.58°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-48.02038200428272,"omega0_rad_s":0.13974596215561377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q11","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.142963,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q12","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.866508,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10072_q13","video_id":"video_10072","video_path":"videos/val/video_10072.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q00","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q01","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q02","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[30,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q03","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q04","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q05","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q06","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5691 to 0.4017 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.027 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q07","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.40593405988214}}}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q08","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.600949,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q09","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0078 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4017 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3265698604072062}}}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q10","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -17.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.44173824159224,"omega0_rad_s":0.13974596215561377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q11","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+17.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.386886,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q12","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.632182,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10073_q13","video_id":"video_10073","video_path":"videos/val/video_10073.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q00","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q01","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q02","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q03","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q04","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q05","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q06","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5850 to 0.0010 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.483 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q07","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.40593405988214}}}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q08","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.277462,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q09","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0010 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7827974015615804}}}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q10","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.69°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.553390593273793,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3876587736527414}}}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q11","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.033182,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q12","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.962663,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10074_q13","video_id":"video_10074","video_path":"videos/val/video_10074.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q00","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q01","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q02","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.00 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[24,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q03","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q04","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q05","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q06","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3830 to 0.0006 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.483 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q07","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.40593405988214}}}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q08","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+9.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.731264,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q09","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0006 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7827974015615804}}}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q10","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.09°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.44173824159224,"omega0_rad_s":0.13974596215561377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q11","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.471695,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8458130368119419}}}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q12","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.477993,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10075_q13","video_id":"video_10075","video_path":"videos/val/video_10075.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q00","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q01","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q02","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q03","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q04","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q05","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q06","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5691 to 0.0010 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.483 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q07","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":59.59480052695154}}}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q08","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.600949,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q09","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0010 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7827974015615804}}}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q10","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.74°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.44173824159224,"omega0_rad_s":0.13974596215561377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q11","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.211565,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q12","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.294604,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10076_q13","video_id":"video_10076","video_path":"videos/val/video_10076.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q00","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q01","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q02","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q03","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q04","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q05","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q06","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.9217 to 1.2554 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.105 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q07","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.40593405988214}}}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q08","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.910309,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q09","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0246 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.2554 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40508497187473724}}}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q10","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -30.62°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.13203435596428,"omega0_rad_s":0.2801270189221931}}}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q11","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+29.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.055646,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5314524823844802}}}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q12","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.528487,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.898743710661993}}}
{"question_id":"video_10077_q13","video_id":"video_10077","video_path":"videos/val/video_10077.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q00","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q01","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q02","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.25],"evidence_frames":[19,123],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q03","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q04","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q05","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q06","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.2036 to 0.2464 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.215 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q07","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.20357842958363}}}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q08","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+52.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":52.55873,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q09","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0048 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2464 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5154211936865067}}}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q10","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.94°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":55.062012564625334,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15307436087193693}}}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q11","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.466972,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q12","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+13.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.72668,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10078_q13","video_id":"video_10078","video_path":"videos/val/video_10078.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q00","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q01","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q02","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q03","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q04","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q05","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q06","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3087 to 0.3214 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.107 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q07","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.20357842958363}}}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q08","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.371986,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q09","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0063 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3214 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40709544923978264}}}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q10","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.30°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.797077300919614,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15307436087193693}}}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q11","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-18.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.279015,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q12","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.615186,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10079_q13","video_id":"video_10079","video_path":"videos/val/video_10079.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q00","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q01","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q02","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q03","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q04","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q05","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q06","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2195 to 0.0715 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.215 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q07","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.20357842958363}}}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q08","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+9.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.439984,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q09","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0014 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0715 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5154211936865067}}}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q10","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -11.23°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-26.83766184073569,"omega0_rad_s":0.5706714755449606}}}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q11","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.519486,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q12","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.142472,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10080_q13","video_id":"video_10080","video_path":"videos/val/video_10080.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q00","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q01","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q02","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[21,101],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q03","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q04","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q05","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q06","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8754 to 0.1085 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.215 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q07","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.20357842958363}}}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q08","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.811558,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q09","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0020 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1085 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5154211936865067}}}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q10","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.58°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.797077300919614,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15307436087193693}}}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q11","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.207603,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7844561595137942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q12","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.436966,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10081_q13","video_id":"video_10081","video_path":"videos/val/video_10081.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q00","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q01","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q02","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q03","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q04","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q05","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q06","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3087 to 0.0777 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.215 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q07","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":114.75598873235134}}}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q08","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.371986,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q09","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0015 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0777 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5154211936865067}}}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q10","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.42°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.797077300919614,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15307436087193693}}}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q11","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-11.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.240126,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q12","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.875382,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10082_q13","video_id":"video_10082","video_path":"videos/val/video_10082.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q00","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q01","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q02","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.666666666666666],"evidence_frames":[21,128],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q03","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q04","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q05","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q06","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.3766 to 4.4110 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.029 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q07","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.20357842958363}}}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q08","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-50.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-50.592896,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q09","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0816 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.4110 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32869176962471625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q10","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -39.87°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.102597104441415,"omega0_rad_s":-0.42653718043596844}}}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q11","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+37.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":37.896808,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8139686809752393}}}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q12","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-26.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-26.308132,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.258643207514954}}}
{"question_id":"video_10083_q13","video_id":"video_10083","video_path":"videos/val/video_10083.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q00","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q01","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q02","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q03","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q04","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q05","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q06","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.8869 to 0.0579 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.298 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q07","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.88377172377304}}}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q08","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-31.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-31.221449,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q09","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0579 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5980449858114332}}}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q10","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.83°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.10364312496795,"omega0_rad_s":-0.04589468389948764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q11","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.856418,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q12","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.436119,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10084_q13","video_id":"video_10084","video_path":"videos/val/video_10084.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q00","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q01","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q02","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q03","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q04","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q05","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q06","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3421 to 0.1239 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.078 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q07","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.88377172377304}}}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q08","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.660941,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q09","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0024 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1239 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3776210380723591}}}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q10","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -11.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.152416360246988,"omega0_rad_s":-0.04589468389948764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q11","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.673706,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q12","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.742113,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10085_q13","video_id":"video_10085","video_path":"videos/val/video_10085.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q00","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q01","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q02","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[28,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q03","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q04","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q05","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q06","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4665 to 0.0090 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.298 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q07","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.88377172377304}}}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q08","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.75928,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q09","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0090 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5980449858114332}}}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q10","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.24°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":15.12193308819759,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5036841774371797}}}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q11","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.965288,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q12","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.983272,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10086_q13","video_id":"video_10086","video_path":"videos/val/video_10086.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q00","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q01","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q02","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q03","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q04","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q05","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q06","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.2620 to 0.0051 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.298 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q07","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.88377172377304}}}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q08","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.912112,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q09","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0051 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5980449858114332}}}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q10","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.56°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.152416360246988,"omega0_rad_s":-0.04589468389948764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q11","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.949488,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q12","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.16832,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.007315985291855}}}
{"question_id":"video_10087_q13","video_id":"video_10087","video_path":"videos/val/video_10087.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q00","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q01","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q02","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q03","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q04","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q05","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q06","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3421 to 0.0069 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.298 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q07","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":55.061440314277306}}}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q08","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.660941,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q09","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0069 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5980449858114332}}}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q10","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.56°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.152416360246988,"omega0_rad_s":-0.04589468389948764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q11","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.958478,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q12","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.877002,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10088_q13","video_id":"video_10088","video_path":"videos/val/video_10088.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q00","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q01","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q02","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.0],"evidence_frames":[20,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q03","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q04","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q05","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q06","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.6776 to 2.3828 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.052 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q07","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.88377172377304}}}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q08","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-28.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-28.604092,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q09","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0484 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.3828 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3522985673746952}}}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q10","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +18.86°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.07315985291855,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3729473419497438}}}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q11","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-21.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.639864,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6589848795659972}}}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q12","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.034387,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.018542704367913}}}
{"question_id":"video_10089_q13","video_id":"video_10089","video_path":"videos/val/video_10089.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q00","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q01","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q02","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q03","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q04","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q05","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q06","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.7919 to 0.0256 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.381 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q07","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.936342399808225}}}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q08","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+47.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":47.828642,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q09","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0256 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6806687779363596}}}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q10","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.32°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.14527368531056,"omega0_rad_s":0.061284993072961674}}}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q11","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.346723,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q12","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.437207,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10090_q13","video_id":"video_10090","video_path":"videos/val/video_10090.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q00","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q01","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q02","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q03","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q04","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q05","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q06","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9581 to 0.5098 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.048 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q07","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.936342399808225}}}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q08","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.29469,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q09","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0100 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5098 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34814662690493553}}}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q10","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +20.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":25.50775541957436,"omega0_rad_s":0.061284993072961674}}}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q11","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-19.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.982331,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q12","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.535284,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10091_q13","video_id":"video_10091","video_path":"videos/val/video_10091.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q00","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q01","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q02","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q03","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q04","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q05","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q06","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9026 to 0.0062 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.381 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q07","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.936342399808225}}}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q08","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.302075,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q09","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0062 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6806687779363596}}}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q10","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":23.40620433565949,"omega0_rad_s":0.43669687932939893}}}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q11","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.056297,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q12","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.962432,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10092_q13","video_id":"video_10092","video_path":"videos/val/video_10092.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q00","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q01","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q02","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[26,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q03","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q04","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q05","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q06","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6828 to 0.0044 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.381 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q07","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.936342399808225}}}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q08","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.537191,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q09","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0044 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6806687779363596}}}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q10","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = -0.59°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":25.50775541957436,"omega0_rad_s":0.061284993072961674}}}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q11","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.104995,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8913081656468078}}}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q12","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.026869,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10093_q13","video_id":"video_10093","video_path":"videos/val/video_10093.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q00","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q01","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q02","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q03","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q04","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q05","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q06","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9581 to 0.0066 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.381 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q07","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.6772509066735}}}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q08","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.29469,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q09","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0066 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6806687779363596}}}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q10","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.47°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":25.50775541957436,"omega0_rad_s":0.061284993072961674}}}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q11","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.528632,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q12","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.237221,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10094_q13","video_id":"video_10094","video_path":"videos/val/video_10094.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q00","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q01","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q02","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q03","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q04","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q05","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q06","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.3756 to 2.0099 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.076 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q07","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.936342399808225}}}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q08","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+25.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":25.941645,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q09","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0407 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.0099 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3759053651246742}}}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q10","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +34.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":50.04372260139569,"omega0_rad_s":0.31935750346351915}}}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q11","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-32.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-32.371873,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5040010781567559}}}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q12","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+20.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.792389,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.778442201220873}}}
{"question_id":"video_10095_q13","video_id":"video_10095","video_path":"videos/val/video_10095.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q00","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q01","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q02","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q03","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q04","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q05","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q06","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.7991 to 0.0109 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.463 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q07","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.85212432984692}}}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q08","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-59.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-59.225718,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q09","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0109 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.763292570061286}}}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q10","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-59.186904245653196,"omega0_rad_s":0.16846467004541027}}}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q11","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.521665,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q12","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.21038,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10096_q13","video_id":"video_10096","video_path":"videos/val/video_10096.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q00","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q01","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q02","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,11.25],"evidence_frames":[30,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q03","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q04","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q05","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q06","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8740 to 1.4651 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.019 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q07","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.85212432984692}}}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q08","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-8.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.085031,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q09","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0287 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.4651 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31867221573751214}}}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q10","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -31.79°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.86309447890176,"omega0_rad_s":0.16846467004541027}}}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q11","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+30.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":30.551799,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q12","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-24.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.027838,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10097_q13","video_id":"video_10097","video_path":"videos/val/video_10097.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q00","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q01","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q02","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q03","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q04","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q05","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q06","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5310 to 0.0035 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.463 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q07","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.85212432984692}}}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q08","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.439042,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q09","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0035 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.763292570061286}}}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q10","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.80°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.690475583121405,"omega0_rad_s":-0.36970958122161857}}}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q11","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.697575,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q12","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.616724,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10098_q13","video_id":"video_10098","video_path":"videos/val/video_10098.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q00","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q01","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q02","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 7.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,7.416666666666667],"evidence_frames":[22,89],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q03","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q04","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q05","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q06","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.8223 to 0.0056 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.463 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q07","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.85212432984692}}}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q08","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+22.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":22.068629,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q09","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0056 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.763292570061286}}}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q10","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = +0.25°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.86309447890176,"omega0_rad_s":0.16846467004541027}}}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q11","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+0.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.201084,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8754464171835263}}}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q12","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.931023,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10099_q13","video_id":"video_10099","video_path":"videos/val/video_10099.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q00","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q01","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q02","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q03","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q04","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q05","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q06","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8740 to 0.0043 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.463 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q07","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":66.42212332739423}}}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q08","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-8.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.085031,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q09","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0043 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.763292570061286}}}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q10","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.46°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.86309447890176,"omega0_rad_s":0.16846467004541027}}}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q11","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.372021,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q12","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.077764,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10100_q13","video_id":"video_10100","video_path":"videos/val/video_10100.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q00","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q01","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q02","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 8.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,8.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[22,100],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q03","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q04","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q05","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q06","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.7480 to 1.8866 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.100 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q07","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.85212432984692}}}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q08","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+55.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":55.292321,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q09","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0363 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.8866 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3995121628746532}}}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q10","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +29.48°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-55.01428534987284,"omega0_rad_s":-0.26576766497729487}}}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q11","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-26.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-26.584599,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7865172767475141}}}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q12","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+21.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.751203,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.138341698073832}}}
{"question_id":"video_10101_q13","video_id":"video_10101","video_path":"videos/val/video_10101.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q00","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q01","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q02","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q03","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q04","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q05","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q06","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.4114 to 0.2594 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.196 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q07","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":88.71812863406706}}}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q08","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+39.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":39.254643,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q09","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0051 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2594 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49591636218621254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q10","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +20.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":49.22853480599581,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12435565298214046}}}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q11","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-18.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.021766,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q12","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+12.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.366425,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10102_q13","video_id":"video_10102","video_path":"videos/val/video_10102.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q00","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q01","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q02","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[30,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q03","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q04","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q05","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q06","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6728 to 0.1833 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.099 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q07","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":88.71812863406706}}}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q08","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.867212,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q09","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0036 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1833 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3991978045700886}}}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q10","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +14.13°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.218433538229128,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12435565298214046}}}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q11","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.612879,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q12","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.689907,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10103_q13","video_id":"video_10103","video_path":"videos/val/video_10103.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q00","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q01","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q02","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 8.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,8.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[28,107],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q03","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q04","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q05","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q06","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7429 to 0.0559 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.196 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q07","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":88.71812863406706}}}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q08","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+13.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.99826,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q09","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0559 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49591636218621254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q10","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.77°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.974746830583303,"omega0_rad_s":0.5527222831138378}}}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q11","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.453442,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q12","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.233215,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10104_q13","video_id":"video_10104","video_path":"videos/val/video_10104.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q00","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q01","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q02","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[27,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q03","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q04","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q05","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q06","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8042 to 0.0606 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.196 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q07","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":88.71812863406706}}}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q08","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.863016,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q09","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0012 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0606 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49591636218621254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q10","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.78°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.218433538229128,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12435565298214046}}}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q11","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.552178,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q12","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.474438,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.098484809834996}}}
{"question_id":"video_10105_q13","video_id":"video_10105","video_path":"videos/val/video_10105.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q00","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q01","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q02","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q03","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q04","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q05","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q06","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6728 to 0.0516 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.196 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q07","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":118.08010637370722}}}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q08","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.867212,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q09","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0516 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49591636218621254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q10","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.52°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.218433538229128,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12435565298214046}}}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q11","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.782302,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q12","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.34458,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10106_q13","video_id":"video_10106","video_path":"videos/val/video_10106.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q00","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q01","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q02","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,131],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q03","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q04","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q05","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q06","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.1435 to 3.8156 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.023 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q07","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":88.71812863406706}}}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q08","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+40.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":40.433175,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q09","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0724 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.8156 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32311896062463213}}}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q10","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -13.02°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":47.984848098349985,"omega0_rad_s":-0.41217782649107026}}}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q11","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+15.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.951872,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6315334753382729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q12","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.351736,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.898241194926792}}}
{"question_id":"video_10107_q13","video_id":"video_10107","video_path":"videos/val/video_10107.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q00","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q01","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q02","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q03","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q04","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q05","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q06","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.3629 to 0.1118 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.279 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q07","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":120.52844277845298}}}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q08","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-55.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-55.404899,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q09","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0022 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1118 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.578540154311139}}}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q10","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-56.27016536633842,"omega0_rad_s":-0.017175976009691146}}}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q11","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.31783,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q12","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.75437,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10108_q13","video_id":"video_10108","video_path":"videos/val/video_10108.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q00","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q01","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q02","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q03","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q04","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q05","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q06","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4524 to 0.5818 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.070 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q07","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":120.52844277845298}}}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q08","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.821829,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q09","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0114 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5818 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.369723393402665}}}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q10","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -23.25°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.573772597556502,"omega0_rad_s":-0.017175976009691146}}}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q11","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+21.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.969055,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q12","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-12.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.462436,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10109_q13","video_id":"video_10109","video_path":"videos/val/video_10109.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q00","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q01","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q02","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q03","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q04","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q05","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q06","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2872 to 0.0330 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.279 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q07","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":120.52844277845298}}}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q08","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.010105,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q09","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0330 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.578540154311139}}}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q10","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.12°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.2590180780452,"omega0_rad_s":-0.48573498500605694}}}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q11","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.227364,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q12","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.48106,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10110_q13","video_id":"video_10110","video_path":"videos/val/video_10110.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q00","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q01","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q02","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 10.50 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,10.5],"evidence_frames":[26,126],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q03","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q04","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q05","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q06","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0884 to 0.0284 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.279 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q07","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":120.52844277845298}}}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q08","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-30.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-30.562487,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q09","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0284 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.578540154311139}}}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q10","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.92°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.573772597556502,"omega0_rad_s":-0.017175976009691146}}}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q11","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.565442,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9368032944816739}}}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q12","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.547343,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10111_q13","video_id":"video_10111","video_path":"videos/val/video_10111.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q00","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q01","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q02","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q03","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q04","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q05","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q06","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4524 to 0.0378 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.279 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q07","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":67.30391960223035}}}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q08","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.821829,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q09","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0378 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.578540154311139}}}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q10","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.15°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.573772597556502,"omega0_rad_s":-0.017175976009691146}}}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q11","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.806801,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q12","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.860014,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10112_q13","video_id":"video_10112","video_path":"videos/val/video_10112.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q00","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q01","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q02","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,9.25],"evidence_frames":[20,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q03","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q04","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q05","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q06","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.5869 to 4.1316 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.047 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q07","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":120.52844277845298}}}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q08","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+36.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":36.262298,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q09","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0730 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.1316 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3467257583746111}}}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q10","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +43.89°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-52.95541084682712,"omega0_rad_s":0.3585879880048456}}}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q11","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-42.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-42.84859,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9140496739290307}}}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q12","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+40.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":40.749064,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.658140691779751}}}
{"question_id":"video_10113_q13","video_id":"video_10113","video_path":"videos/val/video_10113.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q00","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q01","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q02","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q03","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q04","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q05","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q06","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.0380 to 0.0266 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.361 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q07","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.21431630865736}}}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q08","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+34.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":34.741258,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q09","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0266 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6611639464360655}}}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q10","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":46.31179592668105,"omega0_rad_s":0.09000370096275817}}}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q11","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.347811,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q12","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.996152,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10114_q13","video_id":"video_10114","video_path":"videos/val/video_10114.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q00","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q01","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q02","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q03","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q04","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q05","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q06","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4292 to 0.2535 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.040 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q07","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.21431630865736}}}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q08","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.836091,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q09","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0050 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2535 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34024898223524147}}}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q10","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +14.45°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.929111656883897,"omega0_rad_s":0.09000370096275817}}}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q11","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.04°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.043055,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q12","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.849946,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10115_q13","video_id":"video_10115","video_path":"videos/val/video_10115.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q00","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q01","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q02","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q03","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q04","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q05","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q06","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4938 to 0.0044 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.361 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q07","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.21431630865736}}}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q08","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.592397,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q09","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0044 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6611639464360655}}}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q10","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.99°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.543289325507118,"omega0_rad_s":0.41874768689827613}}}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q11","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.197945,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q12","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.685141,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10116_q13","video_id":"video_10116","video_path":"videos/val/video_10116.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q00","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q01","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q02","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.0],"evidence_frames":[21,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q03","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q04","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q05","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q06","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5478 to 0.0045 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.361 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q07","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.21431630865736}}}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q08","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.192133,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q09","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0045 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6611639464360655}}}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q10","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.92°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.929111656883897,"omega0_rad_s":0.09000370096275817}}}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q11","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.383102,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5914366748532585}}}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q12","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.489235,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10117_q13","video_id":"video_10117","video_path":"videos/val/video_10117.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q00","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q01","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q02","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q03","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q04","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q05","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q06","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4292 to 0.0038 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.361 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q07","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.65306983421263}}}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q08","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.836091,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q09","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0038 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6611639464360655}}}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q10","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.97°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.929111656883897,"omega0_rad_s":0.09000370096275817}}}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q11","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.316441,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q12","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.869349,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10118_q13","video_id":"video_10118","video_path":"videos/val/video_10118.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q00","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q01","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q02","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,139],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q03","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q04","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q05","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q06","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.7394 to 1.8913 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.070 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q07","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.21431630865736}}}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q08","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-34.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-33.999146,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q09","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0336 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.8913 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3703325561245901}}}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q10","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -34.39°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":45.92597359530427,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3049981495186209}}}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q11","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+33.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":33.080223,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7590658725197896}}}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q12","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-30.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-30.540014,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.01804018863271}}}
{"question_id":"video_10119_q13","video_id":"video_10119","video_path":"videos/val/video_10119.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q00","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q01","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q02","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q03","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q04","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q05","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q06","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.9741 to 0.0117 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.444 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q07","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.4254038009468}}}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q08","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-48.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-48.698494,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q09","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0117 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7437877385609919}}}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q10","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-53.35342648702365,"omega0_rad_s":0.19718337793520677}}}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q11","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.686525,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q12","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.823158,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10120_q13","video_id":"video_10120","video_path":"videos/val/video_10120.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q00","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q01","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q02","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[30,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q03","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q04","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q05","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q06","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It is approximately conserved (1.1109 to 1.1109 J/kg), because γ = 0 and there is no damping.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"approximately conserved","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q07","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.4254038009468}}}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q08","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.585268,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q09","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0217 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.1109 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3}}}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q10","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -27.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.284450716211246,"omega0_rad_s":0.19718337793520677}}}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q11","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+27.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":27.345165,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q12","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.160474,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10121_q13","video_id":"video_10121","video_path":"videos/val/video_10121.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q00","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q01","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q02","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q03","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q04","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q05","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q06","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9686 to 0.0029 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.444 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q07","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.4254038009468}}}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q08","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.284497,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q09","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0029 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7437877385609919}}}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q10","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.15°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-24.827560572969,"omega0_rad_s":-0.35176038879049576}}}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q11","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.234809,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q12","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.368171,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10122_q13","video_id":"video_10122","video_path":"videos/val/video_10122.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q00","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q01","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q02","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.0],"evidence_frames":[19,120],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q03","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q04","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q05","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q06","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9085 to 0.0024 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.444 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q07","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.4254038009468}}}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q08","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-10.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.189956,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q09","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0024 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7437877385609919}}}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q10","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.25°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.284450716211246,"omega0_rad_s":0.19718337793520677}}}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q11","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.883641,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q12","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.47105,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.58965363437814}}}
{"question_id":"video_10123_q13","video_id":"video_10123","video_path":"videos/val/video_10123.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q00","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q01","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q02","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q03","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q04","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q05","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q06","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1109 to 0.0033 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.444 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q07","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.9085643848419}}}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q08","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.585268,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q09","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0033 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7437877385609919}}}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q10","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.284450716211246,"omega0_rad_s":0.19718337793520677}}}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q11","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.690099,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q12","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.601519,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10124_q13","video_id":"video_10124","video_path":"videos/val/video_10124.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q00","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q01","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q02","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[20,92],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q03","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q04","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q05","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q06","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.4930 to 1.6419 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.094 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q07","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.4254038009468}}}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q08","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-32.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-32.243369,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q09","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0320 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.6419 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3939393538745691}}}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q10","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +11.70°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-50.8965363437814,"omega0_rad_s":-0.25140831103239664}}}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q11","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.784163,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6040820711105477}}}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q12","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.101289,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.77793968548567}}}
{"question_id":"video_10125_q13","video_id":"video_10125","video_path":"videos/val/video_10125.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q00","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q01","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q02","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,112],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q03","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q04","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q05","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q06","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.9683 to 0.4841 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.176 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q07","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.69416352173076}}}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q08","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+60.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":60.32682,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q09","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0095 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4841 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.47641153068591824}}}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q10","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +21.45°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":60.39505704736628,"omega0_rad_s":-0.09563694509234394}}}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q11","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-18.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.852744,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q12","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+21.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.932352,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10126_q13","video_id":"video_10126","video_path":"videos/val/video_10126.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q00","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q01","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q02","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q03","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q04","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q05","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q06","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0464 to 0.6164 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.091 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q07","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.69416352173076}}}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q08","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.542382,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q09","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0121 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.6164 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3913001599003946}}}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q10","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +24.99°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":37.639789775538645,"omega0_rad_s":-0.09563694509234394}}}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q11","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-23.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.346554,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q12","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+14.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.870126,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10127_q13","video_id":"video_10127","video_path":"videos/val/video_10127.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q00","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q01","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q02","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,7.0],"evidence_frames":[29,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q03","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q04","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q05","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q06","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7361 to 0.1711 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.176 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q07","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.69416352173076}}}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q08","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.39705,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q09","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0033 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1711 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.47641153068591824}}}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q10","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -16.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-33.111831820430915,"omega0_rad_s":0.534773090682715}}}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q11","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+15.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.4895,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q12","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.029177,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10128_q13","video_id":"video_10128","video_path":"videos/val/video_10128.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q00","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q01","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q02","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,9.0],"evidence_frames":[27,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q03","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q04","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q05","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q06","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6073 to 0.1530 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.176 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q07","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.69416352173076}}}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q08","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.853233,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q09","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0028 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1530 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.47641153068591824}}}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q10","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -18.18°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":37.639789775538645,"omega0_rad_s":-0.09563694509234394}}}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q11","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.510659,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9822984233165399}}}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q12","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+11.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.390187,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10129_q13","video_id":"video_10129","video_path":"videos/val/video_10129.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q00","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q01","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q02","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q03","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q04","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q05","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q06","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0464 to 0.2023 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.176 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q07","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":119.01649826075938}}}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q08","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.542382,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q09","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0039 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2023 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.47641153068591824}}}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q10","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +18.04°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":37.639789775538645,"omega0_rad_s":-0.09563694509234394}}}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q11","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.347721,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q12","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.539772,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10130_q13","video_id":"video_10130","video_path":"videos/val/video_10130.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q00","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q01","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q02","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 7.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the second time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the second time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,7.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[29,92],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q03","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q04","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q05","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q06","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (8.2051 to 6.5735 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.018 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q07","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.69416352173076}}}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q08","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-51.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-51.437465,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q09","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1218 J/kg counterfactual vs 6.5735 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3175461516245481}}}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q10","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -45.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":55.86709909225855,"omega0_rad_s":0.397818472546172}}}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q11","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+41.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":41.903121,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8865982697013068}}}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q12","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-37.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-37.218277,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.53783918233863}}}
{"question_id":"video_10131_q13","video_id":"video_10131","video_path":"videos/val/video_10131.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q00","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q01","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q02","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q03","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q04","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q05","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q06","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.5618 to 0.1185 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.259 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q07","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.32980639132812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q08","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-43.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-43.293931,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q09","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0023 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1185 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5590353228108447}}}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q10","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -16.14°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-50.436687607708905,"omega0_rad_s":0.01154273188010535}}}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q11","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.856932,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q12","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-8.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.708546,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10132_q13","video_id":"video_10132","video_path":"videos/val/video_10132.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q00","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q01","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q02","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q03","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q04","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q05","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q06","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7796 to 0.3469 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.062 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q07","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.32980639132812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q08","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.140126,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q09","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0068 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3469 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.361825748732971}}}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q10","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -17.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.995128834866037,"omega0_rad_s":0.01154273188010535}}}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q11","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+17.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.261625,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q12","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.018907,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10133_q13","video_id":"video_10133","video_path":"videos/val/video_10133.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q00","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q01","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q02","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[29,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q03","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q04","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q05","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q06","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7855 to 0.0258 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.259 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q07","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.32980639132812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q08","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-11.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.316071,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q09","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0258 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5590353228108447}}}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q10","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.31°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.39610306789283,"omega0_rad_s":-0.46778579257493413}}}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q11","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.757428,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q12","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.423876,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10134_q13","video_id":"video_10134","video_path":"videos/val/video_10134.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q00","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q01","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q02","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.666666666666666],"evidence_frames":[21,140],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q03","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q04","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q05","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q06","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0493 to 0.0355 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.259 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q07","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.32980639132812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q08","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.419682,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q09","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0355 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5590353228108447}}}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q10","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.995128834866037,"omega0_rad_s":0.01154273188010535}}}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q11","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.533716,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6824269325229908}}}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q12","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.060985,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10135_q13","video_id":"video_10135","video_path":"videos/val/video_10135.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q00","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q01","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q02","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q03","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q04","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q05","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q06","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7796 to 0.0262 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.259 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q07","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":58.86068294432715}}}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q08","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.140126,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q09","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0262 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5590353228108447}}}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q10","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.04°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.995128834866037,"omega0_rad_s":0.01154273188010535}}}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q11","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.121652,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q12","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.640018,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10136_q13","video_id":"video_10136","video_path":"videos/val/video_10136.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q00","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q01","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q02","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 11.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,11.75],"evidence_frames":[22,141],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q03","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q04","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q05","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q06","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.2029 to 3.0763 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.041 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q07","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.32980639132812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q08","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+45.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":45.805511,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q09","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0583 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.0763 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34115294937452706}}}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q10","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +36.15°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-48.8376618407357,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3442286340599473}}}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q11","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-33.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-33.408672,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7316144682920647}}}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q12","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+29.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.752065,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.897738679191589}}}
{"question_id":"video_10137_q13","video_id":"video_10137","video_path":"videos/val/video_10137.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q00","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q01","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q02","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q03","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q04","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q05","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q06","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.5430 to 0.0509 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.342 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q07","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":72.88887824897343}}}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q08","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+57.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":57.422068,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q09","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0509 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6416591149357711}}}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q10","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":57.4783181680515,"omega0_rad_s":0.11872240885255395}}}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q11","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.20289,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q12","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.009266,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10138_q13","video_id":"video_10138","video_path":"videos/val/video_10138.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q00","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q01","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q02","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q03","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q04","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q05","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q06","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6225 to 1.0602 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.032 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q07","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":72.88887824897343}}}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q08","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+9.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.252303,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q09","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0209 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.0602 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33235133756554763}}}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q10","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +27.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.350467894193386,"omega0_rad_s":0.11872240885255395}}}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q11","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-25.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-25.808478,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q12","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+20.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.545122,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10139_q13","video_id":"video_10139","video_path":"videos/val/video_10139.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q00","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q01","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q02","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q03","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q04","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q05","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q06","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3674 to 0.0156 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.342 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q07","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":72.88887824897343}}}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q08","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.750286,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q09","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0156 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6416591149357711}}}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q10","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.38°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.68037431535471,"omega0_rad_s":0.40079849446715377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q11","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.04°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.038938,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q12","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.876189,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10140_q13","video_id":"video_10140","video_path":"videos/val/video_10140.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q00","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q01","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q02","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[27,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q03","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q04","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q05","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q06","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0217 to 0.0215 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.342 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q07","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":72.88887824897343}}}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q08","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.575701,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q09","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0215 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6416591149357711}}}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q10","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.86°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.350467894193386,"omega0_rad_s":0.11872240885255395}}}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q11","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.381287,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q12","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.067824,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.680822458921282}}}
{"question_id":"video_10141_q13","video_id":"video_10141","video_path":"videos/val/video_10141.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q00","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q01","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q02","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q03","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q04","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q05","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q06","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6225 to 0.0185 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.342 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q07","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":119.44138335448864}}}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q08","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+9.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.252303,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q09","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0185 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6416591149357711}}}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q10","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.27°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.350467894193386,"omega0_rad_s":0.11872240885255395}}}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q11","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.908326,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q12","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.499622,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10142_q13","video_id":"video_10142","video_path":"videos/val/video_10142.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q00","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q01","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q02","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q03","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q04","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q05","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q06","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.9459 to 2.5843 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.065 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q07","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":72.88887824897343}}}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q08","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+40.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":40.436005,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q09","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0476 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.5843 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.36475974712450604}}}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q10","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":53.80822458921283,"omega0_rad_s":-0.290638795573723}}}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q11","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.111541,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5766306668828234}}}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q12","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+10.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.694291,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.657638176044548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10143_q13","video_id":"video_10143","video_path":"videos/val/video_10143.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q00","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q01","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q02","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q03","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q04","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q05","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q06","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.2001 to 0.0122 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.424 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q07","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.98259166108193}}}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q08","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-38.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-38.78521,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q09","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0122 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7242829070606975}}}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q10","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.04°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.519948728394134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.17409791417499604}}}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q11","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.349897,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q12","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.067166,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10144_q13","video_id":"video_10144","video_path":"videos/val/video_10144.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q00","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q01","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q02","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q03","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q04","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q05","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q06","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5333 to 0.1219 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.113 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q07","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.98259166108193}}}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q08","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.021035,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q09","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0024 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1219 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4128769263981239}}}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q10","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -11.96°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.705806953520785,"omega0_rad_s":-0.17409791417499604}}}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q11","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.1437,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q12","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.312969,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10145_q13","video_id":"video_10145","video_path":"videos/val/video_10145.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q00","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q01","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q02","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q03","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q04","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q05","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q06","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6487 to 0.0025 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.424 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q07","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.98259166108193}}}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q08","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.458222,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q09","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0025 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7242829070606975}}}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q10","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.35°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.964645562816628,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5838111963593725}}}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q11","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.537093,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q12","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.605808,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10146_q13","video_id":"video_10146","video_path":"videos/val/video_10146.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q00","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q01","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q02","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 11.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,11.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[25,139],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q03","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q04","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q05","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q06","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3552 to 0.0013 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.424 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q07","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.98259166108193}}}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q08","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.514199,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q09","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0013 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7242829070606975}}}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q10","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.28°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.705806953520785,"omega0_rad_s":-0.17409791417499604}}}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q11","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.536771,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8402935521514059}}}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q12","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.922741,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10147_q13","video_id":"video_10147","video_path":"videos/val/video_10147.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q00","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q01","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q02","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q03","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q04","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q05","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q06","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5333 to 0.0021 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.424 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q07","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":59.95420404795018}}}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q08","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.021035,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q09","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0021 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7242829070606975}}}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q10","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.705806953520785,"omega0_rad_s":-0.17409791417499604}}}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q11","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.732789,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q12","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.88463,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10148_q13","video_id":"video_10148","video_path":"videos/val/video_10148.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q00","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q01","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q02","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q03","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q04","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q05","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q06","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.8434 to 1.7997 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.088 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q07","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.98259166108193}}}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q08","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.341092,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q09","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0328 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.7997 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.388366544874485}}}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q10","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +29.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-46.77878733768998,"omega0_rad_s":0.437048957087498}}}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q11","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-29.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.115932,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8591468654735817}}}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q12","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+25.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":25.335866,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.417537672897508}}}
{"question_id":"video_10149_q13","video_id":"video_10149","video_path":"videos/val/video_10149.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q00","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q01","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q02","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q03","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q04","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q05","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q06","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.1241 to 0.5206 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.157 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q07","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.51722958163562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q08","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+51.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":51.946463,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q09","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0102 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5206 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.456906699185624}}}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q10","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +23.12°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":54.56157928873673,"omega0_rad_s":-0.06691823720254747}}}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q11","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-20.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-20.527376,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q12","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+20.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.878285,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10150_q13","video_id":"video_10150","video_path":"videos/val/video_10150.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q00","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q01","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q02","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q03","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q04","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q05","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q06","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2373 to 0.4146 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.083 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q07","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.51722958163562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q08","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.353175,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q09","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0081 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4146 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.38340251523070057}}}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q10","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +20.61°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.061146012848134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.06691823720254747}}}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q11","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-19.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.607424,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q12","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+8.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.35585,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10151_q13","video_id":"video_10151","video_path":"videos/val/video_10151.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q00","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q01","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q02","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q03","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q04","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q05","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q06","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1451 to 0.1454 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.157 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q07","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.51722958163562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q08","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+9.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.234781,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q09","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0028 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1454 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.456906699185624}}}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q10","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.00°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-26.24891681027851,"omega0_rad_s":0.5168238982515921}}}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q11","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.423863,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q12","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.735855,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10152_q13","video_id":"video_10152","video_path":"videos/val/video_10152.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q00","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q01","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q02","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[21,101],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q03","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q04","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q05","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q06","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7567 to 0.2217 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.157 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q07","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.51722958163562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q08","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.026076,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q09","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0042 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2217 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.456906699185624}}}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q10","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.061146012848134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.06691823720254747}}}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q11","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.793391,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.773417190192722}}}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q12","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.161026,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10153_q13","video_id":"video_10153","video_path":"videos/val/video_10153.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q00","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q01","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q02","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q03","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q04","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q05","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q06","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2373 to 0.1584 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.157 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q07","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":120.74689403754441}}}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q08","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.353175,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q09","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0031 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1584 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.456906699185624}}}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q10","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.061146012848134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.06691823720254747}}}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q11","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.159504,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q12","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.690435,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10154_q13","video_id":"video_10154","video_path":"videos/val/video_10154.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q00","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q01","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q02","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.75],"evidence_frames":[21,141],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q03","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q04","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q05","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q06","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.6660 to 4.8613 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.012 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q07","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.51722958163562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q08","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-42.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-42.370761,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q09","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0873 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.8613 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31197334262446397}}}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q10","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -46.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":51.749350086167105,"omega0_rad_s":-0.38345911860127374}}}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q11","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+45.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":45.322653,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7041630640643404}}}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q12","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-38.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-38.142818,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.77743716975047}}}
{"question_id":"video_10155_q13","video_id":"video_10155","video_path":"videos/val/video_10155.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q00","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q01","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q02","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q03","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q04","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q05","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q06","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.1454 to 0.2188 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.240 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q07","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.33726015229887}}}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q08","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-60.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-60.858756,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q09","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0043 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2188 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5395304913105504}}}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q10","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -18.14°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-61.60320984907936,"omega0_rad_s":0.040261439769901125}}}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q11","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+15.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.558646,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q12","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-15.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.002831,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10156_q13","video_id":"video_10156","video_path":"videos/val/video_10156.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q00","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q01","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q02","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.25],"evidence_frames":[19,123],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q03","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q04","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q05","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q06","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.2321 to 1.0968 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.054 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q07","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.33726015229887}}}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q08","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-17.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.018204,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q09","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0216 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.0968 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3539281040632772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q10","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -28.99°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-39.41648507217553,"omega0_rad_s":0.040261439769901125}}}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q11","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+27.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":27.097437,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q12","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-23.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.221697,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10157_q13","video_id":"video_10157","video_path":"videos/val/video_10157.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q00","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q01","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q02","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q03","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q04","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q05","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q06","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8297 to 0.0788 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.240 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q07","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.33726015229887}}}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q08","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.891109,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q09","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0015 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0788 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5395304913105504}}}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q10","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +13.20°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.533188057740425,"omega0_rad_s":-0.44983660014381177}}}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q11","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-11.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.942938,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q12","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.390996,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10158_q13","video_id":"video_10158","video_path":"videos/val/video_10158.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q00","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q01","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q02","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,131],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q03","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q04","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q05","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q06","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9288 to 0.0847 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.240 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q07","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.33726015229887}}}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q08","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-23.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.409987,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q09","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0017 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0847 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5395304913105504}}}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q10","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.43°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-39.41648507217553,"omega0_rad_s":0.040261439769901125}}}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q11","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.862279,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q12","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.095714,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":10.171991283464425}}}
{"question_id":"video_10159_q13","video_id":"video_10159","video_path":"videos/val/video_10159.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q00","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q01","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q02","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q03","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q04","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q05","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q06","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.2321 to 0.0965 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.240 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q07","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.75736696080834}}}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q08","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-17.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.018204,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q09","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0019 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0965 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5395304913105504}}}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q10","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.57°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-39.41648507217553,"omega0_rad_s":0.040261439769901125}}}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q11","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.792513,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q12","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.595441,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10160_q13","video_id":"video_10160","video_path":"videos/val/video_10160.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q00","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q01","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q02","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.75],"evidence_frames":[20,93],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q03","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q04","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q05","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q06","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.3928 to 4.0532 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.036 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q07","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.33726015229887}}}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q08","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.605842,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q09","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0792 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.0532 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33558014037444295}}}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q10","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +28.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-56.719912834644255,"omega0_rad_s":-0.32986928011504946}}}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q11","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-31.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-31.622359,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5491792626550984}}}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q12","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+8.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.426363,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.537336666603425}}}
{"question_id":"video_10161_q13","video_id":"video_10161","video_path":"videos/val/video_10161.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q00","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q01","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q02","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q03","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q04","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q05","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q06","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.7334 to 0.0543 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.322 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q07","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":107.3212013405013}}}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q08","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+47.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":47.584113,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q09","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0543 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6221542834354769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q10","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.67°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":51.64484040942199,"omega0_rad_s":0.14744111674235116}}}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q11","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.472999,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q12","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.482437,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10162_q13","video_id":"video_10162","video_path":"videos/val/video_10162.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q00","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q01","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q02","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q03","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q04","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q05","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q06","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9135 to 0.6630 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.024 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q07","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":107.3212013405013}}}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q08","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.91422,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q09","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0131 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.6630 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3244536928958534}}}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q10","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +22.11°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.771824131502925,"omega0_rad_s":0.14744111674235116}}}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q11","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-21.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.247465,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q12","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+12.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.051457,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10163_q13","video_id":"video_10163","video_path":"videos/val/video_10163.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q00","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q01","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q02","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q03","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q04","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q05","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q06","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8410 to 0.0124 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.322 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q07","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":107.3212013405013}}}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q08","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.762252,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q09","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0124 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6221542834354769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q10","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.28°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":22.81745930520234,"omega0_rad_s":0.3828493020360305}}}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q11","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.196052,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q12","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.407041,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10164_q13","video_id":"video_10164","video_path":"videos/val/video_10164.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q00","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q01","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q02","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 7.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,7.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[26,92],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q03","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q04","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q05","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q06","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6451 to 0.0089 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.322 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q07","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":107.3212013405013}}}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q08","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+15.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.646584,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q09","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0089 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6221542834354769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q10","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = -0.42°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.771824131502925,"omega0_rad_s":0.14744111674235116}}}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q11","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.156067,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.885788680986272}}}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q12","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.372134,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10165_q13","video_id":"video_10165","video_path":"videos/val/video_10165.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q00","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q01","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q02","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q03","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q04","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q05","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q06","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9135 to 0.0135 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.322 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q07","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":116.73282073861343}}}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q08","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.91422,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q09","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0135 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6221542834354769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q10","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.75°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.771824131502925,"omega0_rad_s":0.14744111674235116}}}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q11","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.709485,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q12","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.844968,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10166_q13","video_id":"video_10166","video_path":"videos/val/video_10166.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q00","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q01","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q02","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[21,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q03","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q04","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q05","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q06","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.2464 to 2.8798 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.059 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q07","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":107.3212013405013}}}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q08","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-27.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.306391,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q09","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0529 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.8798 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.35918693812442193}}}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q10","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -39.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":49.690475583121405,"omega0_rad_s":0.27627944162882445}}}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q11","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+38.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":38.12742,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8316954612458565}}}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q12","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-36.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-36.1139,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.29723616345639}}}
{"question_id":"video_10167_q13","video_id":"video_10167","video_path":"videos/val/video_10167.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q00","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q01","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q02","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q03","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q04","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q05","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q06","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.7221 to 0.0231 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.405 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q07","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.1374089808628}}}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q08","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-58.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-58.735687,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q09","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0231 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7047780755604032}}}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q10","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.96°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-58.686470969764585,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1453792062852003}}}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q11","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.874585,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q12","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.017072,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10168_q13","video_id":"video_10168","video_path":"videos/val/video_10168.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q00","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q01","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q02","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q03","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q04","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q05","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q06","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7972 to 0.4531 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.105 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q07","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.1374089808628}}}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q08","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.537183,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q09","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0089 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4531 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40497928172843006}}}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q10","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -21.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.127163190830274,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1453792062852003}}}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q11","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+20.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.02919,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q12","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.13577,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10169_q13","video_id":"video_10169","video_path":"videos/val/video_10169.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q00","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q01","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q02","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q03","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q04","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q05","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q06","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5703 to 0.0078 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.405 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q07","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.1374089808628}}}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q08","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-16.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.453737,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q09","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0078 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7047780755604032}}}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q10","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.101730552664222,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5658620039282501}}}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q11","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.625446,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q12","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.531442,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10170_q13","video_id":"video_10170","video_path":"videos/val/video_10170.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q00","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q01","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q02","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[23,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q03","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q04","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q05","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q06","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.6883 to 0.0121 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.405 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q07","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.1374089808628}}}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q08","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+18.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.451125,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q09","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0121 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7047780755604032}}}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q10","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = -0.55°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.127163190830274,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1453792062852003}}}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q11","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.080945,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8644074478624542}}}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q12","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.869298,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10171_q13","video_id":"video_10171","video_path":"videos/val/video_10171.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q00","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q01","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q02","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q03","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q04","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q05","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q06","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7972 to 0.0089 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.405 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q07","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":65.8201238912814}}}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q08","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.537183,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q09","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0089 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7047780755604032}}}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q10","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.72°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.127163190830274,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1453792062852003}}}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q11","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.429534,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q12","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.998305,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10172_q13","video_id":"video_10172","video_path":"videos/val/video_10172.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q00","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q01","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q02","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 8.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,8.25],"evidence_frames":[22,99],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q03","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q04","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q05","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q06","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.1255 to 2.1226 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.083 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q07","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.1374089808628}}}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q08","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+54.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":54.156752,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q09","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0392 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.1226 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3827937358744009}}}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q10","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +35.04°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-54.66103833159853,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4226896031426002}}}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q11","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-32.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-32.207948,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.676711659836616}}}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q12","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+29.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.715766,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.657135660309345}}}
{"question_id":"video_10173_q13","video_id":"video_10173","video_path":"videos/val/video_10173.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q00","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q01","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q02","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q03","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q04","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q05","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q06","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.3397 to 0.0056 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.487 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q07","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.22879106631812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q08","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+38.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":38.906611,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q09","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0056 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7874018676853296}}}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q10","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.49°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":48.72810153010722,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03819952931275025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q11","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.026984,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q12","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.003118,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10174_q13","video_id":"video_10174","video_path":"videos/val/video_10174.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q00","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q01","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q02","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q03","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q04","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q05","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q06","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6209 to 0.2310 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.076 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q07","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.22879106631812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q08","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.571394,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q09","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0045 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2310 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3755048705610063}}}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q10","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.482502250157673,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03819952931275025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q11","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.549018,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q12","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.840861,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10175_q13","video_id":"video_10175","video_path":"videos/val/video_10175.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q00","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q01","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q02","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 7.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,7.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[28,95],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q03","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q04","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q05","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q06","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6806 to 0.0011 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.487 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q07","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.22879106631812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q08","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.349717,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q09","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0011 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7874018676853296}}}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q10","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.386001800126138,"omega0_rad_s":0.4988747058204689}}}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q11","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.210849,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q12","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.157242,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10176_q13","video_id":"video_10176","video_path":"videos/val/video_10176.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q00","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q01","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q02","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[27,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q03","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q04","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q05","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q06","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7416 to 0.0012 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.487 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q07","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.22879106631812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q08","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.605702,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q09","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0012 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7874018676853296}}}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q10","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.482502250157673,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03819952931275025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q11","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.417313,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q12","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.119606,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.063160108007567}}}
{"question_id":"video_10177_q13","video_id":"video_10177","video_path":"videos/val/video_10177.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q00","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q01","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q02","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q03","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q04","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q05","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q06","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6209 to 0.0010 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.487 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q07","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":112.22121851284795}}}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q08","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.571394,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q09","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0010 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7874018676853296}}}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q10","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.85°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.482502250157673,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03819952931275025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q11","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.266033,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q12","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.452597,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10178_q13","video_id":"video_10178","video_path":"videos/val/video_10178.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q00","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q01","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q02","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,127],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q03","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q04","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q05","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q06","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.5397 to 1.1177 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.106 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q07","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.22879106631812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q08","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+47.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":47.901897,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q09","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0196 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.1177 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4064005336243799}}}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q10","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":47.63160108007568,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3690997646563751}}}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q11","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.710594,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5217278584273741}}}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q12","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+24.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":24.002983,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.417035157162308}}}
{"question_id":"video_10179_q13","video_id":"video_10179","video_path":"videos/val/video_10179.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q00","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q01","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q02","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.25],"evidence_frames":[19,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q03","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q04","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q05","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q06","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.2941 to 0.2368 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.220 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q07","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.96509468284856}}}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q08","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-54.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-54.22858,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q09","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0046 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2368 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5200256598102562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q10","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -19.37°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-55.76973209044985,"omega0_rad_s":0.06898014765969834}}}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q11","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.843255,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q12","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.946386,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10180_q13","video_id":"video_10180","video_path":"videos/val/video_10180.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q00","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q01","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q02","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q03","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q04","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q05","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q06","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3893 to 0.7592 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.046 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q07","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.96509468284856}}}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q08","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.308437,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q09","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0149 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.7592 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34603045939358296}}}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q10","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -25.22°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.837841309485068,"omega0_rad_s":0.06898014765969834}}}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q11","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+24.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":24.218092,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q12","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.42348,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10181_q13","video_id":"video_10181","video_path":"videos/val/video_10181.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q00","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q01","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q02","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,9.0],"evidence_frames":[29,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q03","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q04","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q05","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q06","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2152 to 0.0674 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.220 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q07","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.96509468284856}}}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q08","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.845038,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q09","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0013 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0674 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5200256598102562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q10","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +11.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":27.670273047588054,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4318874077126885}}}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q11","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.480503,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q12","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.937465,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10182_q13","video_id":"video_10182","video_path":"videos/val/video_10182.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q00","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q01","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q02","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[26,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q03","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q04","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q05","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q06","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0346 to 0.0581 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.220 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q07","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.96509468284856}}}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q08","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-30.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-30.763261,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q09","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0581 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5200256598102562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q10","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.837841309485068,"omega0_rad_s":0.06898014765969834}}}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q11","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.739495,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.931283809821138}}}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q12","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-8.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.00344,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10183_q13","video_id":"video_10183","video_path":"videos/val/video_10183.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q00","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q01","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q02","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q03","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q04","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q05","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q06","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3893 to 0.0778 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.220 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q07","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.698109012185654}}}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q08","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.308437,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q09","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0015 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0778 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5200256598102562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q10","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.58°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.837841309485068,"omega0_rad_s":0.06898014765969834}}}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q11","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.285902,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q12","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.477187,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10184_q13","video_id":"video_10184","video_path":"videos/val/video_10184.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q00","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q01","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q02","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q03","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q04","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q05","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q06","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.7994 to 4.5914 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.030 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q07","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.96509468284856}}}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q08","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+20.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.596098,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q09","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0851 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.5914 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3300073313743589}}}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q10","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +46.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-52.60216382855283,"omega0_rad_s":0.31550992617015083}}}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q11","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-45.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-45.886554,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8042440570181322}}}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q12","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+44.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":44.64809,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.176934654015264}}}
{"question_id":"video_10185_q13","video_id":"video_10185","video_path":"videos/val/video_10185.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q00","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q01","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q02","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q03","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q04","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q05","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q06","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.9877 to 0.0564 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.303 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q07","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.50428157139996}}}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q08","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+34.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":34.900773,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q09","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0564 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6026494519351826}}}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q10","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.57°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":45.81136265079245,"omega0_rad_s":0.17615982463214694}}}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q11","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.521706,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q12","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.876503,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10186_q13","video_id":"video_10186","video_path":"videos/val/video_10186.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q00","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q01","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q02","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q03","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q04","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q05","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q06","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4047 to 0.3259 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.017 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q07","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.50428157139996}}}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q08","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.264786,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q09","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0065 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3259 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31655604822615957}}}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q10","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.30°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.19318036881242,"omega0_rad_s":0.17615982463214694}}}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q11","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.866008,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q12","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.664382,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10187_q13","video_id":"video_10187","video_path":"videos/val/video_10187.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q00","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q01","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q02","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q03","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q04","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q05","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q06","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4445 to 0.0085 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.303 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q07","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.50428157139996}}}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q08","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.427253,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q09","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0085 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6026494519351826}}}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q10","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":15.954544295049935,"omega0_rad_s":0.36490010960490815}}}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q11","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.053535,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q12","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.015434,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10188_q13","video_id":"video_10188","video_path":"videos/val/video_10188.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q00","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q01","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q02","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.0],"evidence_frames":[21,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q03","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q04","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q05","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q06","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5169 to 0.0092 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.303 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q07","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.50428157139996}}}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q08","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.320418,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q09","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0092 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6026494519351826}}}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q10","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.87°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.19318036881242,"omega0_rad_s":0.17615982463214694}}}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q11","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.334383,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5803977055321863}}}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q12","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.27108,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10189_q13","video_id":"video_10189","video_path":"videos/val/video_10189.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q00","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q01","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q02","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q03","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q04","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q05","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q06","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4047 to 0.0077 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.303 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q07","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":112.3180562309677}}}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q08","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.264786,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q09","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0077 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6026494519351826}}}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q10","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.85°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.19318036881242,"omega0_rad_s":0.17615982463214694}}}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q11","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.135298,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q12","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.375803,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10190_q13","video_id":"video_10190","video_path":"videos/val/video_10190.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q00","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q01","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q02","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,101],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q03","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q04","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q05","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q06","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.9866 to 2.4559 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.054 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q07","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.50428157139996}}}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q08","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+43.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":43.218731,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q09","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0443 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.4559 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3536141291243379}}}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q10","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":45.57272657702996,"omega0_rad_s":-0.26192008768392655}}}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q11","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.275786,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6492602556088904}}}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q12","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+33.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":33.608134,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.936834150868227}}}
{"question_id":"video_10191_q13","video_id":"video_10191","video_path":"videos/val/video_10191.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q00","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q01","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q02","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q03","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q04","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q05","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q06","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.8929 to 0.0247 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.385 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q07","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.50222715866659}}}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q08","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-49.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-49.774452,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q09","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0247 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.685273244060109}}}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q10","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.16°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-52.85299321113507,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1166604983954031}}}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q11","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.165889,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q12","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.549896,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10192_q13","video_id":"video_10192","video_path":"videos/val/video_10192.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q00","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q01","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q02","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q03","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q04","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q05","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q06","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0412 to 0.2920 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.097 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q07","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.50222715866659}}}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q08","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.573423,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q09","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0057 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2920 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.39708163705873584}}}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q10","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -17.75°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-26.548519428139812,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1166604983954031}}}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q11","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.61872,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q12","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.65448,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10193_q13","video_id":"video_10193","video_path":"videos/val/video_10193.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q00","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q01","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q02","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q03","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q04","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q05","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q06","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0149 to 0.0065 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.385 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q07","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.50222715866659}}}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q08","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.441413,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q09","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0065 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.685273244060109}}}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q10","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.15°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-24.23881554251185,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5479128114971269}}}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q11","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.050425,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q12","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.229319,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10194_q13","video_id":"video_10194","video_path":"videos/val/video_10194.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q00","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q01","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q02","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,9.0],"evidence_frames":[20,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q03","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q04","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q05","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q06","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8463 to 0.0049 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.385 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q07","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.50222715866659}}}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q08","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.023742,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q09","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0049 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.685273244060109}}}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q10","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-26.548519428139812,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1166604983954031}}}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q11","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.383441,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q12","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.64957,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.55432893255071}}}
{"question_id":"video_10195_q13","video_id":"video_10195","video_path":"videos/val/video_10195.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q00","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q01","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q02","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q03","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q04","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q05","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q06","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0412 to 0.0067 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.385 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q07","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.642607611203154}}}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q08","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.573423,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q09","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0067 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.685273244060109}}}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q10","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.59°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-26.548519428139812,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1166604983954031}}}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q11","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.591012,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q12","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.406842,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10196_q13","video_id":"video_10196","video_path":"videos/val/video_10196.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q00","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q01","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q02","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,11.0],"evidence_frames":[23,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q03","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q04","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q05","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q06","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.4410 to 2.3428 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.077 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q07","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.50222715866659}}}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q08","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+38.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":38.546603,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q09","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0476 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.3428 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.37722092687431685}}}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q10","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-50.54328932550711,"omega0_rad_s":-0.40833024919770156}}}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q11","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.500707,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9317764541996498}}}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q12","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.374049,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.296733647721183}}}
{"question_id":"video_10197_q13","video_id":"video_10197","video_path":"videos/val/video_10197.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q00","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q01","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q02","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q03","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q04","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q05","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q06","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.8894 to 0.0104 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.468 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q07","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.70521715169195}}}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q08","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+59.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":59.818916,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q09","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0104 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7678970361850355}}}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q10","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.09°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":59.89462377147767,"omega0_rad_s":-0.009480821422954477}}}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q11","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.251438,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q12","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.410508,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10198_q13","video_id":"video_10198","video_path":"videos/val/video_10198.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q00","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q01","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q02","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q03","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q04","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q05","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q06","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9655 to 0.8079 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.068 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q07","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.70521715169195}}}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q08","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.640614,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q09","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0159 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.8079 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.36760722589131245}}}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q10","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +26.49°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":36.90385848746716,"omega0_rad_s":-0.009480821422954477}}}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q11","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-24.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.800048,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q12","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+18.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.033569,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10199_q13","video_id":"video_10199","video_path":"videos/val/video_10199.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q00","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q01","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q02","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.0],"evidence_frames":[19,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q03","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q04","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q05","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q06","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6541 to 0.0035 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.468 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q07","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.70521715169195}}}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q08","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.675013,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q09","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0035 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7678970361850355}}}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q10","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.52308678997373,"omega0_rad_s":0.4809255133893465}}}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q11","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.007345,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q12","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.431959,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10200_q13","video_id":"video_10200","video_path":"videos/val/video_10200.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q00","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q01","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q02","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 9.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,9.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[27,118],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q03","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q04","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q05","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q06","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5359 to 0.0030 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.468 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q07","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.70521715169195}}}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q08","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+13.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.861219,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q09","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0030 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7678970361850355}}}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q10","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.52°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":36.90385848746716,"omega0_rad_s":-0.009480821422954477}}}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q11","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.44496,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9767789386560038}}}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q12","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.84609,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10201_q13","video_id":"video_10201","video_path":"videos/val/video_10201.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q00","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q01","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q02","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q03","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q04","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q05","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q06","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9655 to 0.0043 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.468 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q07","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":123.47804405606325}}}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q08","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.640614,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q09","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0043 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7678970361850355}}}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q10","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.48°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":36.90385848746716,"omega0_rad_s":-0.009480821422954477}}}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q11","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.328899,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q12","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.342811,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10202_q13","video_id":"video_10202","video_path":"videos/val/video_10202.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q00","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q01","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q02","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[21,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q03","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q04","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q05","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q06","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.3500 to 1.9561 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.101 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q07","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.70521715169195}}}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q08","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-38.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-38.460575,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q09","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0366 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.9561 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40082772462429583}}}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q10","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -36.62°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":55.51385207398424,"omega0_rad_s":0.3547404107114772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q11","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+35.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":35.239726,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7767926527904079}}}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q12","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-31.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-31.432822,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.056633144574146}}}
{"question_id":"video_10203_q13","video_id":"video_10203","video_path":"videos/val/video_10203.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q00","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q01","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q02","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q03","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q04","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q05","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q06","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.5007 to 0.2505 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.201 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q07","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.98790797872779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q08","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-41.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-41.261369,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q09","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0049 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2505 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5005208283099618}}}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q10","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -20.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-49.9362543318203,"omega0_rad_s":0.09769885554949412}}}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q11","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+17.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.70324,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q12","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-12.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.469248,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10204_q13","video_id":"video_10204","video_path":"videos/val/video_10204.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q00","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q01","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q02","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[30,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q03","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q04","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q05","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q06","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7358 to 0.4464 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.038 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q07","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.98790797872779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q08","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.017032,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q09","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0087 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4464 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3381328147238891}}}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q10","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -19.09°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.25919754679456,"omega0_rad_s":0.09769885554949412}}}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q11","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+18.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.779384,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q12","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.664517,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10205_q13","video_id":"video_10205","video_path":"videos/val/video_10205.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q00","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q01","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q02","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q03","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q04","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q05","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q06","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7255 to 0.0517 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.201 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q07","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.98790797872779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q08","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-10.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.703373,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q09","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0517 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5005208283099618}}}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q10","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.03°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.807358037435648,"omega0_rad_s":-0.41393821528156616}}}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q11","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.544394,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q12","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.343202,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10206_q13","video_id":"video_10206","video_path":"videos/val/video_10206.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q00","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q01","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q02","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,139],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q03","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q04","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q05","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q06","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9860 to 0.0706 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.201 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q07","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.98790797872779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q08","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+14.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.997794,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q09","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0014 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0706 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5005208283099618}}}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q10","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.25919754679456,"omega0_rad_s":0.09769885554949412}}}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q11","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.762882,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6713879632019184}}}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q12","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.283103,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10207_q13","video_id":"video_10207","video_path":"videos/val/video_10207.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q00","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q01","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q02","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q03","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q04","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q05","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q06","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7358 to 0.0531 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.201 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q07","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.18223745129379}}}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q08","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.017032,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q09","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0531 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5005208283099618}}}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q10","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.83°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.25919754679456,"omega0_rad_s":0.09769885554949412}}}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q11","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+9.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.011904,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q12","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.652453,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10208_q13","video_id":"video_10208","video_path":"videos/val/video_10208.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q00","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q01","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q02","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 9.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,9.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,115],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q03","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q04","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q05","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q06","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.4778 to 3.9955 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.024 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q07","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.98790797872779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q08","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-48.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-48.724729,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q09","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0736 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.9955 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32443452237427484}}}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q10","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.89°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-48.48441482246139,"omega0_rad_s":-0.30115057222525293}}}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q11","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.14584,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.621808851381166}}}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q12","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-35.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-35.385175,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.816532641427102}}}
{"question_id":"video_10209_q13","video_id":"video_10209","video_path":"videos/val/video_10209.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q00","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q01","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q02","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q03","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q04","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q05","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q06","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.4830 to 0.1081 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.283 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q07","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.5892449605959}}}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q08","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+56.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":56.010115,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q09","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0021 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1081 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5831446204348882}}}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q10","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.16°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":56.97788489216293,"omega0_rad_s":-0.19512146747805587}}}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q11","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.782645,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q12","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.105571,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10210_q13","video_id":"video_10210","video_path":"videos/val/video_10210.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q00","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q01","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q02","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q03","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q04","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q05","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q06","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5659 to 0.3302 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.119 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q07","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.5892449605959}}}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q08","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.487222,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q09","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0064 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3302 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.41865840355646533}}}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q10","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +20.14°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":32.61453660612196,"omega0_rad_s":-0.19512146747805587}}}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q11","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-18.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.93763,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q12","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.443739,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10211_q13","video_id":"video_10211","video_path":"videos/val/video_10211.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q00","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q01","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q02","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q03","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q04","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q05","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q06","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4158 to 0.0347 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.283 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q07","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.5892449605959}}}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q08","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+14.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.909076,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q09","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0347 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5831446204348882}}}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q10","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.091629284897564,"omega0_rad_s":0.5969509171737849}}}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q11","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.478929,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q12","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.644614,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10212_q13","video_id":"video_10212","video_path":"videos/val/video_10212.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q00","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q01","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q02","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 10.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,10.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[27,130],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q03","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q04","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q05","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q06","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9435 to 0.0442 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.283 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q07","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.5892449605959}}}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q08","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.404561,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q09","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0008 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0442 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5831446204348882}}}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q10","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":32.61453660612196,"omega0_rad_s":-0.19512146747805587}}}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q11","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.607944,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q12","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.613888,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.645497757093853}}}
{"question_id":"video_10213_q13","video_id":"video_10213","video_path":"videos/val/video_10213.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q00","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q01","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q02","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q03","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q04","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q05","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q06","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5659 to 0.0382 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.283 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q07","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":123.34547642500435}}}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q08","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.487222,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q09","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0382 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5831446204348882}}}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q10","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.32°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":32.61453660612196,"omega0_rad_s":-0.19512146747805587}}}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q11","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.055849,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q12","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.201107,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10214_q13","video_id":"video_10214","video_path":"videos/val/video_10214.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q00","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q01","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q02","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.50 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.5],"evidence_frames":[21,102],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q03","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q04","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q05","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q06","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.9998 to 3.7245 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.048 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q07","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":109.5892449605959}}}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q08","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-49.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-49.323329,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q09","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0745 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.7245 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3480413201242538}}}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q10","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -20.10°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":53.45497757093854,"omega0_rad_s":-0.44756073373902794}}}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q11","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+17.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.671139,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.904325049971924}}}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q12","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.733408,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.176432138280065}}}
{"question_id":"video_10215_q13","video_id":"video_10215","video_path":"videos/val/video_10215.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q00","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q01","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q02","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q03","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q04","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q05","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q06","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.1259 to 0.0258 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.366 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q07","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.14550907141172}}}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q08","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-36.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-36.384961,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q09","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0258 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6657684125598147}}}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q10","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.12°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.01951545250553,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0879417905056073}}}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q11","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.273672,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q12","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.001363,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10216_q13","video_id":"video_10216","video_path":"videos/val/video_10216.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q00","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q01","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q02","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q03","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q04","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q05","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q06","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4824 to 0.1503 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.089 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q07","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.14550907141172}}}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q08","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.773103,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q09","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0030 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1503 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.389183992389042}}}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q10","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.58°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.969875665449308,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0879417905056073}}}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q11","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.962856,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q12","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.82804,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10217_q13","video_id":"video_10217","video_path":"videos/val/video_10217.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q00","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q01","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q02","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q03","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q04","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q05","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q06","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5881 to 0.0049 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.366 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q07","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.14550907141172}}}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q08","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.117626,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q09","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0049 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6657684125598147}}}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q10","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.13°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.375900532359445,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5299636190660045}}}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q11","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.248841,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q12","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.972765,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10218_q13","video_id":"video_10218","video_path":"videos/val/video_10218.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q00","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q01","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q02","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 7.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,7.416666666666667],"evidence_frames":[25,89],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q03","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q04","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q05","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q06","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3213 to 0.0026 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.366 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q07","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.14550907141172}}}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q08","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.461178,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q09","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0026 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6657684125598147}}}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q10","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.27°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.969875665449308,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0879417905056073}}}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q11","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.43111,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8347740674908698}}}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q12","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.624101,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10219_q13","video_id":"video_10219","video_path":"videos/val/video_10219.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q00","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q01","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q02","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q03","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q04","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q05","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q06","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4824 to 0.0040 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.366 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q07","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":59.33817501871069}}}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q08","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.773103,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q09","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0040 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6657684125598147}}}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q10","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.13°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.969875665449308,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0879417905056073}}}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q11","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.44369,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q12","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.901972,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10220_q13","video_id":"video_10220","video_path":"videos/val/video_10220.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q00","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q01","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q02","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q03","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q04","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q05","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q06","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.2018 to 2.0130 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.072 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q07","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.14550907141172}}}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q08","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.032252,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q09","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0389 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.0130 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3716481178742328}}}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q10","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +26.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-46.42554031941567,"omega0_rad_s":0.39397089525280365}}}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q11","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-26.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-26.774889,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7493412485626836}}}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q12","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+19.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.861895,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.93633163513302}}}
{"question_id":"video_10221_q13","video_id":"video_10221","video_path":"videos/val/video_10221.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q00","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q01","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q02","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q03","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q04","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q05","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q06","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.0525 to 0.0112 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.448 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q07","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.87298038549253}}}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q08","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+51.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":51.452687,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q09","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0112 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7483922046847411}}}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q10","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.16°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":54.061146012848155,"omega0_rad_s":0.019237886466842713}}}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q11","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.390351,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q12","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.147977,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10222_q13","video_id":"video_10222","video_path":"videos/val/video_10222.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q00","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q01","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q02","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q03","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q04","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q05","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q06","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1747 to 0.5370 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.060 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q07","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.87298038549253}}}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q08","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.223085,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q09","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0106 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5370 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3597095812216182}}}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q10","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +21.97°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.3252147247767,"omega0_rad_s":0.019237886466842713}}}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q11","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-20.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-20.965426,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q12","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+10.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.492121,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10223_q13","video_id":"video_10223","video_path":"videos/val/video_10223.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q00","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q01","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q02","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.0],"evidence_frames":[19,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q03","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q04","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q05","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q06","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0747 to 0.0029 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.448 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q07","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.87298038549253}}}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q08","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.947478,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q09","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0029 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7483922046847411}}}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q10","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.13°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.66017177982136,"omega0_rad_s":0.4629763209582233}}}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q11","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.463366,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q12","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.107216,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10224_q13","video_id":"video_10224","video_path":"videos/val/video_10224.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q00","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q01","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q02","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[21,101],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q03","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q04","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q05","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q06","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6564 to 0.0045 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.448 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q07","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.87298038549253}}}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q08","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-28.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-28.307809,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q09","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0045 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7483922046847411}}}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q10","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.3252147247767,"omega0_rad_s":0.019237886466842713}}}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q11","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.878313,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7623782208716503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q12","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.563304,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10225_q13","video_id":"video_10225","video_path":"videos/val/video_10225.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q00","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q01","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q02","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q03","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q04","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q05","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q06","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1747 to 0.0033 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.448 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q07","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":116.35334774795567}}}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q08","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.223085,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q09","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0033 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7483922046847411}}}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q10","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.60°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.3252147247767,"omega0_rad_s":0.019237886466842713}}}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q11","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.690432,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q12","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.981972,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10226_q13","video_id":"video_10226","video_path":"videos/val/video_10226.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q00","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q01","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q02","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,125],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q03","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q04","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q05","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q06","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.9687 to 1.6875 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.095 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q07","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.87298038549253}}}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q08","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+49.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":49.802702,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q09","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0315 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.6875 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3952549156242118}}}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q10","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +23.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":51.39610306789282,"omega0_rad_s":-0.34038105676657865}}}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q11","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-20.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-20.634643,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5943574471534416}}}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q12","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+30.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":30.853503,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.696231131985984}}}
{"question_id":"video_10227_q13","video_id":"video_10227","video_path":"videos/val/video_10227.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q00","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q01","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q02","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,112],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q03","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q04","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q05","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q06","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.0774 to 0.4655 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.181 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q07","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.61232606119981}}}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q08","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-60.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-60.870082,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q09","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0091 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4655 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4810159968096676}}}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q10","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -21.30°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-61.10277657319079,"omega0_rad_s":0.12641756343929134}}}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q11","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+18.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.73111,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q12","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-21.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.62891,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10228_q13","video_id":"video_10228","video_path":"videos/val/video_10228.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q00","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q01","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q02","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.25],"evidence_frames":[19,123],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q03","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q04","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q05","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q06","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1599 to 1.4496 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.030 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q07","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.61232606119981}}}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q08","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-14.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.111574,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q09","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0284 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.4496 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3302351700541949}}}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q10","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -31.58°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-38.6805537841041,"omega0_rad_s":0.12641756343929134}}}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q11","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+29.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.899485,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q12","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-26.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-26.416426,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10229_q13","video_id":"video_10229","video_path":"videos/val/video_10229.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q00","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q01","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q02","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q03","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q04","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q05","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q06","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7502 to 0.1627 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.181 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q07","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.61232606119981}}}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q08","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.579145,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q09","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0031 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1627 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4810159968096676}}}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q10","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.47°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.94444302728328,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3959890228504429}}}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q11","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-15.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.246901,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q12","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.949746,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10230_q13","video_id":"video_10230","video_path":"videos/val/video_10230.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q00","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q01","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q02","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[20,92],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q03","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q04","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q05","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q06","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8610 to 0.1748 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.181 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q07","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.61232606119981}}}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q08","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-23.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.829275,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q09","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0034 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1748 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4810159968096676}}}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q10","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.10°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-38.6805537841041,"omega0_rad_s":0.12641756343929134}}}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q11","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.664245,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q12","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.581245,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":10.136666581636996}}}
{"question_id":"video_10231_q13","video_id":"video_10231","video_path":"videos/val/video_10231.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q00","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q01","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q02","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q03","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q04","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q05","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q06","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1599 to 0.2010 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.181 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q07","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":66.55441671223618}}}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q08","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-14.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.111574,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q09","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0039 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2010 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4810159968096676}}}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q10","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -18.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-38.6805537841041,"omega0_rad_s":0.12641756343929134}}}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q11","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.454004,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q12","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.62745,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10232_q13","video_id":"video_10232","video_path":"videos/val/video_10232.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q00","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q01","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q02","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[23,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q03","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q04","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q05","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q06","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.3808 to 5.7736 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.019 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q07","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":101.61232606119981}}}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q08","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+39.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":39.182524,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q09","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1181 J/kg counterfactual vs 5.7736 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3188617133741907}}}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q10","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = -0.74°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-56.36666581636997,"omega0_rad_s":-0.28679121828035437}}}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q11","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.666964,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8768736457441997}}}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q12","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-33.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-33.28352,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.05613062883894}}}
{"question_id":"video_10233_q13","video_id":"video_10233","video_path":"videos/val/video_10233.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q00","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q01","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q02","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q03","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q04","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q05","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q06","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.6694 to 0.1148 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.264 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q07","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51318721947023}}}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q08","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+43.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":43.653565,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q09","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0022 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1148 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5636397889345941}}}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q10","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.36°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":51.144407133533385,"omega0_rad_s":-0.16640275958826012}}}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q11","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.121842,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q12","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+8.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.176759,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10234_q13","video_id":"video_10234","video_path":"videos/val/video_10234.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q00","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q01","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q02","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[30,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q03","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q04","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q05","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q06","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8645 to 0.2023 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.111 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q07","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51318721947023}}}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q08","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.351812,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q09","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0039 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2023 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4107607588867715}}}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q10","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.035892843431448,"omega0_rad_s":-0.16640275958826012}}}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q11","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.665758,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q12","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.230272,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10235_q13","video_id":"video_10235","video_path":"videos/val/video_10235.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q00","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q01","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q02","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q03","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q04","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q05","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q06","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8967 to 0.0284 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.264 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q07","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51318721947023}}}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q08","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.979621,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q09","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0284 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5636397889345941}}}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q10","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":22.22871427474516,"omega0_rad_s":0.5790017247426625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q11","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.454932,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q12","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.053739,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10236_q13","video_id":"video_10236","video_path":"videos/val/video_10236.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q00","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q01","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q02","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 7.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,7.583333333333333],"evidence_frames":[25,91],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q03","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q04","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q05","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q06","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6059 to 0.0178 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.264 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q07","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51318721947023}}}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q08","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.139808,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q09","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0178 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5636397889345941}}}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q10","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +1.97°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.035892843431448,"omega0_rad_s":-0.16640275958826012}}}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q11","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-0.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.950655,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8802691963257359}}}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q12","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.351767,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10237_q13","video_id":"video_10237","video_path":"videos/val/video_10237.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q00","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q01","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q02","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q03","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q04","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q05","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q06","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8645 to 0.0272 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.264 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q07","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":112.49632785652358}}}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q08","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.351812,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q09","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0272 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5636397889345941}}}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q10","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.20°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.035892843431448,"omega0_rad_s":-0.16640275958826012}}}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q11","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.334964,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q12","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.108134,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10238_q13","video_id":"video_10238","video_path":"videos/val/video_10238.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q00","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q01","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q02","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.0],"evidence_frames":[21,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q03","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q04","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q05","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q06","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.7035 to 3.2695 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.042 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q07","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51318721947023}}}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q08","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-14.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.996769,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q09","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0635 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.2695 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3424685111241697}}}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q10","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -40.89°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":49.337228564847095,"omega0_rad_s":0.4332013797941301}}}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q11","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+41.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":41.05541,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.721889844334958}}}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q12","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-36.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-36.858759,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.816030125691904}}}
{"question_id":"video_10239_q13","video_id":"video_10239","video_path":"videos/val/video_10239.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q00","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q01","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q02","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q03","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q04","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q05","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q06","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.6403 to 0.0489 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.346 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q07","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.01502939958094}}}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q08","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-58.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-58.15637,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q09","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0009 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0489 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6462635810595205}}}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q10","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.48°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-58.18603769387602,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05922308261581011}}}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q11","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.197736,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q12","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.838222,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10240_q13","video_id":"video_10240","video_path":"videos/val/video_10240.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q00","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q01","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q02","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 6.17 s and 9.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the second time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the second time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[6.166666666666667,9.75],"evidence_frames":[74,117],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q03","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q04","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q05","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q06","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It is approximately conserved (1.7165 to 1.7165 J/kg), because γ = 0 and there is no damping.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"approximately conserved","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q07","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.01502939958094}}}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q08","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.650458,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q09","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0337 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.7165 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3}}}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q10","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -31.49°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-34.39123190275885,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05922308261581011}}}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q11","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+29.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.854738,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q12","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-27.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.915031,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10241_q13","video_id":"video_10241","video_path":"videos/val/video_10241.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q00","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q01","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q02","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q03","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q04","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q05","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q06","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4896 to 0.0160 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.346 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q07","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.01502939958094}}}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q08","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-14.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.391557,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q09","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0160 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6462635810595205}}}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q10","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.39°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.512985522207074,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5120144266348813}}}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q11","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.971653,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q12","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.214846,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10242_q13","video_id":"video_10242","video_path":"videos/val/video_10242.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q00","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q01","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q02","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 7.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,7.416666666666667],"evidence_frames":[22,89],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q03","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q04","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q05","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q06","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.5464 to 0.0247 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.346 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q07","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.01502939958094}}}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q08","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+22.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":22.358508,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q09","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0247 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6462635810595205}}}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q10","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = +0.47°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-34.39123190275885,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05922308261581011}}}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q11","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+0.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.296487,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8533684785413826}}}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q12","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.11598,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10243_q13","video_id":"video_10243","video_path":"videos/val/video_10243.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q00","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q01","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q02","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q03","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q04","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q05","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q06","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7165 to 0.0184 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.346 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q07","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":65.46732422305502}}}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q08","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.650458,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q09","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0184 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6462635810595205}}}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q10","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.37°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-34.39123190275885,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05922308261581011}}}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q11","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.99708,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q12","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.406267,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10244_q13","video_id":"video_10244","video_path":"videos/val/video_10244.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q00","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q01","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q02","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 8.50 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,8.5],"evidence_frames":[20,102],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q03","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q04","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q05","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q06","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.4559 to 2.7289 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.066 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q07","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.01502939958094}}}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q08","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-54.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-54.790342,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q09","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0512 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.7289 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3660753088741487}}}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q10","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-54.307791313324245,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3796115413079051}}}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q11","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.049243,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5669060429257173}}}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q12","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-36.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-36.010486,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.575929622544859}}}
{"question_id":"video_10245_q13","video_id":"video_10245","video_path":"videos/val/video_10245.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q00","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q01","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q02","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q03","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q04","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q05","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q06","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.2760 to 0.0118 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.429 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q07","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.27370744140963}}}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q08","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+38.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":38.721451,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q09","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0118 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.728887373184447}}}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q10","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":48.22766825421864,"omega0_rad_s":0.047956594356638516}}}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q11","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.41137,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q12","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.852265,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10246_q13","video_id":"video_10246","video_path":"videos/val/video_10246.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q00","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q01","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q02","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q03","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q04","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q05","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q06","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5780 to 0.2934 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.052 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q07","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.27370744140963}}}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q08","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.190578,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q09","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0058 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2934 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3518119365519244}}}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q10","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.02°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.74657096208624,"omega0_rad_s":0.047956594356638516}}}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q11","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-15.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.516755,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q12","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.285885,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10247_q13","video_id":"video_10247","video_path":"videos/val/video_10247.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q00","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q01","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q02","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[28,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q03","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q04","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q05","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q06","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6222 to 0.0022 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.429 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q07","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.27370744140963}}}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q08","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+11.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.649534,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q09","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0022 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.728887373184447}}}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q10","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.21°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.79725676966899,"omega0_rad_s":0.4450271285271009}}}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q11","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.765471,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q12","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.193681,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10248_q13","video_id":"video_10248","video_path":"videos/val/video_10248.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q00","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q01","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q02","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[28,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q03","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q04","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q05","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q06","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6886 to 0.0025 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.429 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q07","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.27370744140963}}}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q08","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.3767,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q09","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0025 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.728887373184447}}}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q10","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.30°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.74657096208624,"omega0_rad_s":0.047956594356638516}}}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q11","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.58104,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q12","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.348656,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.02783540618014}}}
{"question_id":"video_10249_q13","video_id":"video_10249","video_path":"videos/val/video_10249.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q00","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q01","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q02","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q03","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q04","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q05","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q06","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5780 to 0.0021 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.429 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q07","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.28963960838412}}}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q08","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.190578,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q09","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0021 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.728887373184447}}}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q10","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.74657096208624,"omega0_rad_s":0.047956594356638516}}}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q11","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.839286,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q12","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.688073,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10250_q13","video_id":"video_10250","video_path":"videos/val/video_10250.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q00","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q01","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q02","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,100],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q03","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q04","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q05","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q06","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.2450 to 1.6362 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.090 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q07","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":103.27370744140963}}}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q08","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-47.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-47.837966,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q09","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0322 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.6362 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.38968210662412767}}}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q10","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -25.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":47.278354061801394,"omega0_rad_s":-0.32602170282168075}}}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q11","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+23.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":23.131779,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8494222415164754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q12","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.309775,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.935829119397823}}}
{"question_id":"video_10251_q13","video_id":"video_10251","video_path":"videos/val/video_10251.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q00","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q01","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q02","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.25],"evidence_frames":[19,87],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q03","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q04","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q05","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q06","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.2331 to 0.5027 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.162 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q07","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.58172797231876}}}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q08","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-52.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-52.963111,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q09","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0098 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5027 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4615111653093733}}}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q10","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -23.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-55.26929881456127,"omega0_rad_s":0.1551362713290871}}}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q11","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+20.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.79364,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q12","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-20.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-20.416451,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10252_q13","video_id":"video_10252","video_path":"videos/val/video_10252.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q00","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q01","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q02","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[30,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q03","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q04","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q05","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q06","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3351 to 0.9955 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.022 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q07","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.58172797231876}}}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q08","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.063616,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q09","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0195 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.9955 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32233752538450106}}}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q10","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -27.38°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.101910021413634,"omega0_rad_s":0.1551362713290871}}}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q11","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+26.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":26.718635,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q12","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-14.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.614782,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10253_q13","video_id":"video_10253","video_path":"videos/val/video_10253.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q00","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q01","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q02","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,7.0],"evidence_frames":[29,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q03","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q04","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q05","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q06","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1470 to 0.1375 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.162 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q07","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.58172797231876}}}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q08","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.597051,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q09","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0027 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1375 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4615111653093733}}}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q10","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +14.13°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":27.081528017130907,"omega0_rad_s":-0.37803983041932054}}}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q11","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.355599,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q12","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.800402,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10254_q13","video_id":"video_10254","video_path":"videos/val/video_10254.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q00","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q01","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q02","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 10.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,10.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[26,125],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q03","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q04","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q05","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q06","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9865 to 0.1192 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.162 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q07","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.58172797231876}}}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q08","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-30.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-30.064602,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q09","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0023 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1192 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4615111653093733}}}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q10","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.53°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.101910021413634,"omega0_rad_s":0.1551362713290871}}}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q11","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.951843,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9257643251606024}}}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q12","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.643907,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10255_q13","video_id":"video_10255","video_path":"videos/val/video_10255.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q00","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q01","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q02","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q03","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q04","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q05","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q06","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3351 to 0.1607 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.162 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q07","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":64.59797352128778}}}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q08","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.063616,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q09","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0031 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1607 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4615111653093733}}}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q10","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.101910021413634,"omega0_rad_s":0.1551362713290871}}}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q11","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+14.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.4678,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q12","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.371214,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10256_q13","video_id":"video_10256","video_path":"videos/val/video_10256.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q00","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q01","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q02","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q03","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q04","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q05","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q06","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.0674 to 5.0960 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.013 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q07","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":94.58172797231876}}}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q08","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.635967,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q09","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1001 J/kg counterfactual vs 5.0960 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31328890437410667}}}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q10","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +45.66°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-52.248916810278544,"omega0_rad_s":0.27243186433545646}}}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q11","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-46.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-46.766017,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6944384401072334}}}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q12","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+44.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":44.380141,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.695728616250777}}}
{"question_id":"video_10257_q13","video_id":"video_10257","video_path":"videos/val/video_10257.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q00","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q01","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q02","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q03","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q04","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q05","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q06","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.9205 to 0.1185 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.244 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q07","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.76701101758869}}}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q08","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+29.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.221011,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q09","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0023 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1185 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5441349574342997}}}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q10","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.17°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":45.310929374903836,"omega0_rad_s":-0.13768405169846293}}}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q11","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.14109,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q12","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.091923,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10258_q13","video_id":"video_10258","video_path":"videos/val/video_10258.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q00","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q01","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q02","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,8.0],"evidence_frames":[30,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q03","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q04","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q05","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q06","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3643 to 0.0944 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.103 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q07","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.76701101758869}}}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q08","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.866094,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q09","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0018 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0944 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40286311421707727}}}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q10","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.98°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":15.45724908074094,"omega0_rad_s":-0.13768405169846293}}}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q11","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.719472,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q12","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.675395,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10259_q13","video_id":"video_10259","video_path":"videos/val/video_10259.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q00","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q01","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q02","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.25],"evidence_frames":[20,123],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q03","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q04","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q05","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q06","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5081 to 0.0207 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.244 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q07","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.76701101758869}}}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q08","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.522302,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q09","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0207 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5441349574342997}}}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q10","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.06°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":15.365799264592752,"omega0_rad_s":0.5610525323115393}}}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q11","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.026849,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q12","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.5908,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10260_q13","video_id":"video_10260","video_path":"videos/val/video_10260.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q00","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q01","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q02","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q03","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q04","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q05","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q06","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4604 to 0.0172 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.244 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q07","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.76701101758869}}}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q08","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.729651,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q09","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0172 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5441349574342997}}}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q10","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.53°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":15.45724908074094,"omega0_rad_s":-0.13768405169846293}}}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q11","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.306787,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.569358736211114}}}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q12","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.05686,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10261_q13","video_id":"video_10261","video_path":"videos/val/video_10261.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q00","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q01","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q02","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.0],"evidence_frames":[19,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q03","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q04","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q05","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q06","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3643 to 0.0148 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.244 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q07","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.53493371993736}}}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q08","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.866094,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q09","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0148 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5441349574342997}}}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q10","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":15.45724908074094,"omega0_rad_s":-0.13768405169846293}}}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q11","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.136825,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q12","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.307734,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10262_q13","video_id":"video_10262","video_path":"videos/val/video_10262.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q00","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q01","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q02","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.58 s and 10.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5833333333333335,10.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[31,124],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q03","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q04","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q05","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q06","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.5186 to 2.7729 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.037 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q07","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.76701101758869}}}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q08","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+27.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":27.818105,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q09","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0539 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.7729 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33689570212408565}}}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q10","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +33.66°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":45.21947955875565,"omega0_rad_s":-0.41884202584923147}}}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q11","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-31.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-31.641208,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5394546386979915}}}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q12","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+34.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":34.687539,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.455628113103742}}}
{"question_id":"video_10263_q13","video_id":"video_10263","video_path":"videos/val/video_10263.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q00","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q01","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q02","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q03","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q04","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q05","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q06","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.8185 to 0.0522 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.327 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q07","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.62126416995288}}}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q08","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-48.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-48.008764,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q09","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0522 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6267587495592262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q10","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-52.35255993524647,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03050437472601289}}}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q11","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.593774,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q12","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.151664,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10264_q13","video_id":"video_10264","video_path":"videos/val/video_10264.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q00","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q01","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q02","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q03","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q04","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q05","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q06","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9793 to 0.3745 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.073 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q07","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.62126416995288}}}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q08","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.669479,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q09","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0074 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3745 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.37338870304965355}}}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q10","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -19.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.812588140068335,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03050437472601289}}}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q11","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+18.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.172626,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q12","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.686869,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10265_q13","video_id":"video_10265","video_path":"videos/val/video_10265.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q00","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q01","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q02","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q03","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q04","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q05","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q06","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9460 to 0.0131 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.327 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q07","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.62126416995288}}}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q08","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.777926,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q09","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0131 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6267587495592262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q10","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.38°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.65007051205467,"omega0_rad_s":-0.49406523420375803}}}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q11","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.201966,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q12","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.775423,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10266_q13","video_id":"video_10266","video_path":"videos/val/video_10266.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q00","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q01","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q02","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,9.0],"evidence_frames":[20,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q03","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q04","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q05","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q06","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7919 to 0.0100 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.327 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q07","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.62126416995288}}}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q08","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.94063,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q09","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0100 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6267587495592262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q10","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.86°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.812588140068335,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03050437472601289}}}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q11","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.34922,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q12","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.417999,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.51900423072328}}}
{"question_id":"video_10267_q13","video_id":"video_10267","video_path":"videos/val/video_10267.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q00","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q01","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q02","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q03","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q04","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q05","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q06","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9793 to 0.0136 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.327 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q07","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.71845843867344}}}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q08","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.669479,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q09","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0136 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6267587495592262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q10","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.87°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.812588140068335,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03050437472601289}}}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q11","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.856376,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q12","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.550696,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10268_q13","video_id":"video_10268","video_path":"videos/val/video_10268.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q00","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q01","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q02","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 8.50 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,8.5],"evidence_frames":[23,102],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q03","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q04","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q05","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q06","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.7418 to 2.6176 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.061 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q07","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.62126416995288}}}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q08","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+46.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":46.643159,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q09","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0542 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.6176 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.36050249987406463}}}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q10","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.78°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-50.1900423072328,"omega0_rad_s":-0.36525218736300646}}}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q11","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.033158,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.821970837288751}}}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q12","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.191087,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.815527609956698}}}
{"question_id":"video_10269_q13","video_id":"video_10269","video_path":"videos/val/video_10269.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q00","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q01","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q02","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q03","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q04","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q05","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q06","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.8184 to 0.0222 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.409 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q07","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.64365079001026}}}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q08","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+59.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":59.347071,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q09","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0222 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7093825416841526}}}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q10","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":59.3941904955891,"omega0_rad_s":0.07667530224643429}}}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q11","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.878798,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q12","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.873956,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10270_q13","video_id":"video_10270","video_path":"videos/val/video_10270.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q00","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q01","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q02","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.25],"evidence_frames":[19,123],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q03","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q04","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q05","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q06","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8934 to 1.0623 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.044 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q07","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.64365079001026}}}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q08","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.9289,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q09","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0209 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.0623 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34391429188223055}}}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q10","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +27.94°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":36.167927199395734,"omega0_rad_s":0.07667530224643429}}}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q11","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-26.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-26.144863,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q12","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+21.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.806801,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10271_q13","video_id":"video_10271","video_path":"videos/val/video_10271.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q00","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q01","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q02","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q03","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q04","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q05","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q06","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5759 to 0.0073 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.409 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q07","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.64365079001026}}}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q08","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.846713,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q09","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0073 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7093825416841526}}}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q10","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.934341759516585,"omega0_rad_s":0.42707793609597855}}}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q11","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.1059,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q12","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.608866,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10272_q13","video_id":"video_10272","video_path":"videos/val/video_10272.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q00","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q01","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q02","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 11.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,11.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[27,139],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q03","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q04","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q05","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q06","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4707 to 0.0063 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.409 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q07","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.64365079001026}}}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q08","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+16.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.521687,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q09","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0063 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7093825416841526}}}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q10","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.85°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":36.167927199395734,"omega0_rad_s":0.07667530224643429}}}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q11","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.703213,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.971259453995468}}}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q12","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.936369,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10273_q13","video_id":"video_10273","video_path":"videos/val/video_10273.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q00","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q01","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q02","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q03","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q04","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q05","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q06","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8934 to 0.0089 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.409 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q07","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":120.39757948429131}}}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q08","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.9289,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q09","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0089 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7093825416841526}}}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q10","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.79°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":36.167927199395734,"omega0_rad_s":0.07667530224643429}}}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q11","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.496838,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q12","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.909441,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10274_q13","video_id":"video_10274","video_path":"videos/val/video_10274.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q00","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q01","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q02","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.25],"evidence_frames":[21,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q03","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q04","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q05","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q06","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.5544 to 2.1726 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.084 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q07","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.64365079001026}}}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q08","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-17.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.723069,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q09","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0436 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.1726 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3841092976240436}}}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q10","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -35.81°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":55.16060505570995,"omega0_rad_s":0.31166234887678285}}}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q11","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+35.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":35.601492,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6669870358795091}}}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q12","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-27.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.692316,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.575427106809661}}}
{"question_id":"video_10275_q13","video_id":"video_10275","video_path":"videos/val/video_10275.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q00","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q01","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q02","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q03","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q04","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q05","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q06","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.4475 to 0.0054 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.492 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q07","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.391522864484735}}}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q08","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-39.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-39.241711,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q09","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0054 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.792006333809079}}}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q10","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.52°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-49.435821055931726,"omega0_rad_s":0.1838549792188843}}}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q11","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.075813,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q12","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.836058,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10276_q13","video_id":"video_10276","video_path":"videos/val/video_10276.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q00","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q01","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q02","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[30,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q03","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q04","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q05","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q06","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7010 to 0.5800 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.014 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q07","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.391522864484735}}}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q08","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.781455,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q09","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0113 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5800 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31443988071480683}}}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q10","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -20.38°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-21.523266258723126,"omega0_rad_s":0.1838549792188843}}}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q11","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+20.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.448303,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q12","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.215313,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10277_q13","video_id":"video_10277","video_path":"videos/val/video_10277.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q00","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q01","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q02","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.0],"evidence_frames":[19,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q03","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q04","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q05","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q06","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6693 to 0.0010 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.492 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q07","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.391522864484735}}}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q08","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-10.04°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.037258,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q09","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0010 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.792006333809079}}}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q10","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.72°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.2186130069785,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3600906379881973}}}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q11","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.236181,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q12","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.04°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.041846,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10278_q13","video_id":"video_10278","video_path":"videos/val/video_10278.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q00","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q01","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q02","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[20,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q03","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q04","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q05","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q06","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9384 to 0.0014 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.492 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q07","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.391522864484735}}}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q08","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.350354,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q09","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0014 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.792006333809079}}}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q10","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.94°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-21.523266258723126,"omega0_rad_s":0.1838549792188843}}}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q11","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.32123,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.660348993880847}}}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q12","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.58077,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10279_q13","video_id":"video_10279","video_path":"videos/val/video_10279.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q00","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q01","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q02","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q03","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q04","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q05","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q06","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7010 to 0.0011 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.492 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q07","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.410096474270205}}}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q08","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.781455,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q09","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0011 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.792006333809079}}}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q10","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.92°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-21.523266258723126,"omega0_rad_s":0.1838549792188843}}}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q11","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.351488,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q12","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.29866,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10280_q13","video_id":"video_10280","video_path":"videos/val/video_10280.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q00","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q01","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q02","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.25],"evidence_frames":[19,87],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q03","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q04","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q05","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q06","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.8544 to 1.1782 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.108 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q07","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.391522864484735}}}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q08","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-38.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-38.751392,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q09","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0234 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.1782 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4077160953740226}}}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q10","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -25.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-48.1311678041871,"omega0_rad_s":-0.25807251039055784}}}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q11","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+22.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":22.742295,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5120032344702672}}}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q12","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-23.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.601647,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.335326603662617}}}
{"question_id":"video_10281_q13","video_id":"video_10281","video_path":"videos/val/video_10281.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q00","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q01","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q02","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.25],"evidence_frames":[19,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q03","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q04","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q05","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q06","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.3982 to 0.2282 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.225 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q07","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.44059550079488}}}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q08","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+55.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":55.341336,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q09","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0045 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2282 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5246301259340055}}}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q10","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.29°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":56.47745161627435,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10896534380866568}}}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q11","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.776185,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q12","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+13.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.734407,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10282_q13","video_id":"video_10282","video_path":"videos/val/video_10282.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q00","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q01","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q02","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q03","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q04","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q05","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q06","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4856 to 0.4275 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.095 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q07","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.44059550079488}}}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q08","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.922204,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q09","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0084 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4275 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.39496546954738304}}}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q10","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +21.52°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":31.87860531805052,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10896534380866568}}}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q11","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-20.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-20.329689,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q12","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.274414,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10283_q13","video_id":"video_10283","video_path":"videos/val/video_10283.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q00","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q01","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q02","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q03","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q04","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q05","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q06","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3365 to 0.0706 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.225 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q07","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.44059550079488}}}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q08","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.936209,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q09","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0014 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0706 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5246301259340055}}}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q10","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +11.24°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.502884254440417,"omega0_rad_s":0.543103339880416}}}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q11","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.565837,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q12","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.022219,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10284_q13","video_id":"video_10284","video_path":"videos/val/video_10284.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q00","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q01","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q02","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[27,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q03","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q04","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q05","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q06","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8423 to 0.0923 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.225 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q07","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.44059550079488}}}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q08","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.715846,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q09","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0017 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0923 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5246301259340055}}}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q10","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.17°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":31.87860531805052,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10896534380866568}}}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q11","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.575303,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q12","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.282151,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.610173055266424}}}
{"question_id":"video_10285_q13","video_id":"video_10285","video_path":"videos/val/video_10285.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q00","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q01","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q02","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q03","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q04","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q05","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q06","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4856 to 0.0782 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.225 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q07","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":116.26707772798157}}}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q08","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.922204,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q09","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0015 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0782 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5246301259340055}}}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q10","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.77°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":31.87860531805052,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10896534380866568}}}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q11","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-11.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.44471,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q12","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.456122,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10286_q13","video_id":"video_10286","video_path":"videos/val/video_10286.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q00","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q01","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q02","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 7.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,7.25],"evidence_frames":[21,87],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q03","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q04","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q05","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q06","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.2377 to 4.1492 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.031 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q07","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.44059550079488}}}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q08","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-53.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-53.218361,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q09","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0822 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.1492 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33132289312400154}}}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q10","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -28.10°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":53.10173055266425,"omega0_rad_s":-0.40448267190433285}}}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q11","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+25.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":25.491861,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7945194330610255}}}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q12","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.939551,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.69522610051558}}}
{"question_id":"video_10287_q13","video_id":"video_10287","video_path":"videos/val/video_10287.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q00","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q01","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q02","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q03","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q04","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q05","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q06","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.0596 to 0.0543 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.307 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q07","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.77663010767796}}}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q08","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-34.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-33.99737,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q09","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0543 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6072539180589319}}}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q10","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-46.51908217661692,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0017856668362185302}}}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q11","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.73974,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q12","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.335313,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10288_q13","video_id":"video_10288","video_path":"videos/val/video_10288.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q00","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q01","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q02","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q03","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q04","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q05","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q06","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4404 to 0.1869 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.065 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q07","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.77663010767796}}}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q08","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.41701,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q09","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0037 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1869 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3654910583799601}}}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q10","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -13.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.233944377377828,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0017856668362185302}}}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q11","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.810724,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q12","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.171828,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10289_q13","video_id":"video_10289","video_path":"videos/val/video_10289.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q00","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q01","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q02","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q03","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q04","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q05","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q06","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5314 to 0.0095 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.307 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q07","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.77663010767796}}}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q08","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.842232,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q09","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0095 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6072539180589319}}}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q10","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.06°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-16.787155501902262,"omega0_rad_s":-0.47611604177263656}}}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q11","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.135464,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q12","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.410867,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10290_q13","video_id":"video_10290","video_path":"videos/val/video_10290.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q00","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q01","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q02","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 9.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,9.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[25,118],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q03","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q04","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q05","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q06","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.2922 to 0.0052 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.307 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q07","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.77663010767796}}}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q08","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.758293,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q09","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0052 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6072539180589319}}}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q10","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.45°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.233944377377828,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0017856668362185302}}}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q11","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.569866,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8292545828303337}}}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q12","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.409617,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10291_q13","video_id":"video_10291","video_path":"videos/val/video_10291.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q00","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q01","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q02","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q03","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q04","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q05","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q06","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4404 to 0.0079 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.307 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q07","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":58.430641647560854}}}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q08","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.41701,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q09","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0079 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6072539180589319}}}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q10","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.97°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.233944377377828,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0017856668362185302}}}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q11","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.312998,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q12","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.836785,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10292_q13","video_id":"video_10292","video_path":"videos/val/video_10292.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q00","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q01","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q02","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,106],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q03","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q04","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q05","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q06","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.6099 to 2.2470 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.055 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q07","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":81.77663010767796}}}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q08","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-24.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.704376,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q09","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0446 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.2470 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3549296908739805}}}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q10","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.86°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-46.07229330114136,"omega0_rad_s":0.3508928334181093}}}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q11","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-21.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.30245,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6395356316517848}}}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q12","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.050285,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.455125597368536}}}
{"question_id":"video_10293_q13","video_id":"video_10293","video_path":"videos/val/video_10293.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q00","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q01","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q02","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q03","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q04","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q05","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q06","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.9887 to 0.0238 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.390 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q07","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":114.1943345800781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q08","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+51.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":51.075583,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q09","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0238 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6898777101838584}}}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q10","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":53.56071273695955,"omega0_rad_s":0.1053940101362315}}}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q11","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.084417,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q12","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.52042,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10294_q13","video_id":"video_10294","video_path":"videos/val/video_10294.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q00","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q01","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q02","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q03","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q04","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q05","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q06","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1210 to 0.6990 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.036 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q07","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":114.1943345800781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q08","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.226628,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q09","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0138 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.6990 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3360166472125363}}}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q10","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +23.35°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":27.589283436705223,"omega0_rad_s":0.1053940101362315}}}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q11","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-22.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-22.319247,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q12","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+13.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.104365,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10295_q13","video_id":"video_10295","video_path":"videos/val/video_10295.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q00","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q01","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q02","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.0],"evidence_frames":[19,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q03","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q04","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q05","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q06","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0080 to 0.0060 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.390 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q07","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":114.1943345800781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q08","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.584073,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q09","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0060 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6898777101838584}}}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q10","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.11°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.07142674936418,"omega0_rad_s":0.4091287436648553}}}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q11","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.384447,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q12","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.171836,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10296_q13","video_id":"video_10296","video_path":"videos/val/video_10296.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q00","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q01","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q02","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 9.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,9.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[22,115],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q03","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q04","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q05","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q06","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5738 to 0.0095 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.390 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q07","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":114.1943345800781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q08","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-27.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.685499,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q09","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0095 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6898777101838584}}}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q10","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":27.589283436705223,"omega0_rad_s":0.1053940101362315}}}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q11","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.483653,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7513392515505783}}}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q12","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.946615,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10297_q13","video_id":"video_10297","video_path":"videos/val/video_10297.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q00","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q01","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q02","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q03","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q04","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q05","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q06","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1210 to 0.0068 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.390 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q07","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":118.19615507767926}}}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q08","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.226628,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q09","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0068 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6898777101838584}}}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q10","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.69°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":27.589283436705223,"omega0_rad_s":0.1053940101362315}}}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q11","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.666615,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q12","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.426215,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10298_q13","video_id":"video_10298","video_path":"videos/val/video_10298.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q00","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q01","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q02","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 9.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,9.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,112],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q03","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q04","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q05","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q06","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.8669 to 2.4807 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.079 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q07","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":114.1943345800781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q08","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-45.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-45.804691,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q09","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0443 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.4807 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3785364886239595}}}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q10","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -35.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":51.04285604961851,"omega0_rad_s":-0.2973029949318843}}}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q11","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+33.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":33.956389,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.922051830242543}}}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q12","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-30.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-30.082365,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.215025094221499}}}
{"question_id":"video_10299_q13","video_id":"video_10299","video_path":"videos/val/video_10299.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q00","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q01","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q02","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q03","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q04","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q05","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q06","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.0121 to 0.0100 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.473 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q07","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.93980424879021}}}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q08","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-59.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-59.83138,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q09","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0100 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7725015023087847}}}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q10","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.77°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-60.602343297302184,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1874263128913185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q11","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.915363,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q12","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.654176,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10300_q13","video_id":"video_10300","video_path":"videos/val/video_10300.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q00","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q01","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q02","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q03","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q04","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q05","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q06","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0913 to 0.4526 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.117 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q07","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.93980424879021}}}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q08","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-18.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.338948,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q09","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0089 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4526 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4165422360451126}}}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q10","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -21.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-37.94462249603262,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1874263128913185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q11","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+19.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.900334,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q12","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-14.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.481727,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10301_q13","video_id":"video_10301","video_path":"videos/val/video_10301.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q00","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q01","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q02","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.0],"evidence_frames":[19,120],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q03","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q04","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q05","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q06","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7913 to 0.0036 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.473 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q07","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.93980424879021}}}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q08","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.606623,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q09","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0036 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7725015023087847}}}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q10","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.355697996826095,"omega0_rad_s":-0.592141445557074}}}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q11","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.060482,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q12","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.329787,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10302_q13","video_id":"video_10302","video_path":"videos/val/video_10302.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q00","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q01","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q02","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.0],"evidence_frames":[20,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q03","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q04","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q05","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q06","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7970 to 0.0037 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.473 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q07","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.93980424879021}}}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q08","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-17.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.264367,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q09","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0037 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7725015023087847}}}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q10","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-37.94462249603262,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1874263128913185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q11","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.827519,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q12","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.208679,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":10.101341879809565}}}
{"question_id":"video_10303_q13","video_id":"video_10303","video_path":"videos/val/video_10303.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q00","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q01","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q02","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q03","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q04","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q05","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q06","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0913 to 0.0043 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.473 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q07","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":71.91590707070948}}}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q08","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-18.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.338948,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q09","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0043 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7725015023087847}}}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q10","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.47°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-37.94462249603262,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1874263128913185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q11","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.251157,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q12","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.654896,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10304_q13","video_id":"video_10304","video_path":"videos/val/video_10304.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q00","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q01","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q02","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.0],"evidence_frames":[21,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q03","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q04","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q05","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q06","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.9765 to 2.1350 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.102 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q07","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.93980424879021}}}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q08","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.467687,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q09","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0438 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.1350 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4021432863739385}}}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q10","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +24.85°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-56.01341879809566,"omega0_rad_s":-0.44371315644565923}}}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q11","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-25.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-25.953352,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7670680288333025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q12","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+8.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.130622,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.974924591074455}}}
{"question_id":"video_10305_q13","video_id":"video_10305","video_path":"videos/val/video_10305.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q00","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q01","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q02","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q03","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q04","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q05","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q06","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.5923 to 0.2419 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.205 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q07","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.1263356903402}}}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q08","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+43.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":43.139679,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q09","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0047 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2419 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5051252944337112}}}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q10","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.80°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":50.64397385764481,"omega0_rad_s":-0.08024663591887132}}}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q11","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.418837,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q12","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+12.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.522715,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10306_q13","video_id":"video_10306","video_path":"videos/val/video_10306.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q00","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q01","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q02","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q03","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q04","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q05","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q06","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8033 to 0.2567 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.087 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q07","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.1263356903402}}}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q08","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.236246,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q09","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0050 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2567 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3870678248776896}}}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q10","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.36°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":23.299961555360014,"omega0_rad_s":-0.08024663591887132}}}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q11","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-15.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.715922,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q12","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.409712,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10307_q13","video_id":"video_10307","video_path":"videos/val/video_10307.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q00","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q01","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q02","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q03","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q04","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q05","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q06","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8293 to 0.0566 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.205 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q07","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.1263356903402}}}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q08","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.410742,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q09","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0566 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5051252944337112}}}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q10","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.56°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.63996924428801,"omega0_rad_s":0.5251541474492946}}}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q11","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.217251,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q12","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.124438,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10308_q13","video_id":"video_10308","video_path":"videos/val/video_10308.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q00","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q01","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q02","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 7.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,7.583333333333333],"evidence_frames":[25,91],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q03","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q04","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q05","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q06","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5614 to 0.0361 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.205 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q07","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.1263356903402}}}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q08","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.941025,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q09","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0361 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5051252944337112}}}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q10","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":23.299961555360014,"omega0_rad_s":-0.08024663591887132}}}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q11","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-1.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.534617,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8747497116652002}}}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q12","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.664467,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10309_q13","video_id":"video_10309","video_path":"videos/val/video_10309.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q00","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q01","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q02","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q03","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q04","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q05","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q06","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8033 to 0.0546 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.205 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q07","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":118.61044457134376}}}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q08","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.236246,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q09","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0546 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5051252944337112}}}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q10","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.11°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":23.299961555360014,"omega0_rad_s":-0.08024663591887132}}}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q11","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.226613,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q12","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.904234,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10310_q13","video_id":"video_10310","video_path":"videos/val/video_10310.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q00","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q01","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q02","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,9.0],"evidence_frames":[21,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q03","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q04","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q05","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q06","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.0526 to 3.6086 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.026 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q07","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.1263356903402}}}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q08","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.933577,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q09","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0740 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.6086 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3257500841239175}}}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q10","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -37.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":48.98398154657281,"omega0_rad_s":0.39012331795943567}}}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q11","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+39.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":39.808632,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.612084227424059}}}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q12","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-29.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.682069,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.334824087927418}}}
{"question_id":"video_10311_q13","video_id":"video_10311","video_path":"videos/val/video_10311.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q00","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q01","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q02","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q03","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q04","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q05","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q06","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.5663 to 0.1036 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.288 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q07","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.22746629526254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q08","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-57.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-57.396478,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q09","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0020 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1036 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5877490865586377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q10","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.52°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-57.685604417987435,"omega0_rad_s":0.026933041053578688}}}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q11","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.081394,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q12","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.535995,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10312_q13","video_id":"video_10312","video_path":"videos/val/video_10312.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q00","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q01","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q02","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q03","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q04","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q05","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q06","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6446 to 0.7717 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.058 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q07","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.22746629526254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q08","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.899759,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q09","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0152 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.7717 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3575934137102659}}}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q10","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -25.79°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-33.655300614687405,"omega0_rad_s":0.026933041053578688}}}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q11","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+24.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":24.429581,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q12","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-15.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.584492,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10313_q13","video_id":"video_10313","video_path":"videos/val/video_10313.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q00","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q01","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q02","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q03","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q04","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q05","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q06","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4128 to 0.0327 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.288 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q07","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.22746629526254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q08","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.390598,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q09","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0327 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5877490865586377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q10","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-29.924240491749927,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4581668493415133}}}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q11","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.676385,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q12","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.109095,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10314_q13","video_id":"video_10314","video_path":"videos/val/video_10314.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q00","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q01","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q02","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 9.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,9.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[22,118],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q03","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q04","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q05","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q06","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.4242 to 0.0513 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.288 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q07","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.22746629526254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q08","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+25.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":25.559412,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q09","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0009 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0513 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5877490865586377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q10","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +1.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-33.655300614687405,"omega0_rad_s":0.026933041053578688}}}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q11","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-0.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.940249,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8423295092203111}}}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q12","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.179808,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10315_q13","video_id":"video_10315","video_path":"videos/val/video_10315.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q00","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q01","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q02","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q03","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q04","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q05","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q06","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6446 to 0.0379 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.288 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q07","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":65.95993041709916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q08","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.899759,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q09","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0379 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5877490865586377}}}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q10","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.40°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-33.655300614687405,"omega0_rad_s":0.026933041053578688}}}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q11","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+9.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.995569,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q12","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.919463,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10316_q13","video_id":"video_10316","video_path":"videos/val/video_10316.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q00","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q01","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q02","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 8.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,8.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[22,100],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q03","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q04","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q05","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q06","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.4572 to 3.9767 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.049 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q07","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.22746629526254}}}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q08","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+54.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":54.075146,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q09","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0761 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.9767 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34935688187389646}}}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q10","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +34.66°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-53.954544295049956,"omega0_rad_s":-0.33653347947321066}}}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q11","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-31.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-31.376703,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8946004260148186}}}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q12","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+25.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":25.162168,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.094723584780374}}}
{"question_id":"video_10317_q13","video_id":"video_10317","video_path":"videos/val/video_10317.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q00","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q01","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q02","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q03","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q04","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q05","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q06","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.2202 to 0.0250 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.370 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q07","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.64717629723914}}}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q08","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+38.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":38.691597,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q09","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0250 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6703728786835641}}}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q10","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.01°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":47.72723497833,"omega0_rad_s":0.1341127180260287}}}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q11","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.1337,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q12","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.116574,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10318_q13","video_id":"video_10318","video_path":"videos/val/video_10318.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q00","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q01","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q02","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q03","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q04","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q05","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q06","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5440 to 0.3766 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.028 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q07","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.64717629723914}}}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q08","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.730839,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q09","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0074 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3766 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3281190025428421}}}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q10","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +17.01°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.010639674014715,"omega0_rad_s":0.1341127180260287}}}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q11","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.497384,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q12","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.09001,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10319_q13","video_id":"video_10319","video_path":"videos/val/video_10319.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q00","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q01","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q02","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[29,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q03","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q04","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q05","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q06","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5677 to 0.0043 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.370 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q07","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.64717629723914}}}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q08","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.90232,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q09","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0043 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6703728786835641}}}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q10","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.208511739211772,"omega0_rad_s":0.39117955123373205}}}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q11","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.462448,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q12","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.221528,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10320_q13","video_id":"video_10320","video_path":"videos/val/video_10320.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q00","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q01","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q02","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 7.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,7.416666666666667],"evidence_frames":[28,89],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q03","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q04","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q05","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q06","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6450 to 0.0051 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.370 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q07","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.64717629723914}}}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q08","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.163014,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q09","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0051 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6703728786835641}}}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q10","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.51°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.010639674014715,"omega0_rad_s":0.1341127180260287}}}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q11","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.696928,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q12","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.730847,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.992510704352705}}}
{"question_id":"video_10321_q13","video_id":"video_10321","video_path":"videos/val/video_10321.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q00","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q01","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q02","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q03","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q04","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q05","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q06","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5440 to 0.0043 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.370 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q07","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.34032393159437}}}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q08","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.730839,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q09","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0043 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6703728786835641}}}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q10","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.30°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.010639674014715,"omega0_rad_s":0.1341127180260287}}}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q11","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.557561,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q12","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.051073,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10322_q13","video_id":"video_10322","video_path":"videos/val/video_10322.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q00","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q01","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q02","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.583333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,91],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q03","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q04","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q05","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q06","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.5395 to 2.1547 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.073 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q07","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.64717629723914}}}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q08","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+40.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":40.630897,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q09","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0403 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.1547 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.37296367962387544}}}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q10","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.85°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":46.92510704352706,"omega0_rad_s":-0.28294364098698566}}}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q11","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.863392,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.739616624605575}}}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q12","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+12.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.875882,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.854623081633337}}}
{"question_id":"video_10323_q13","video_id":"video_10323","video_path":"videos/val/video_10323.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q00","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q01","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q02","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q03","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q04","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q05","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q06","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.1634 to 0.0108 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.453 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q07","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":74.02225879872617}}}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q08","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-53.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-53.62306,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q09","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0108 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7529966708084905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q10","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-54.768865538672635,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15870760500152414}}}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q11","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.15659,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q12","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.352356,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10324_q13","video_id":"video_10324","video_path":"videos/val/video_10324.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q00","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q01","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q02","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q03","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q04","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q05","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q06","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2731 to 0.3067 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.109 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q07","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":74.02225879872617}}}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q08","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.051246,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q09","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0060 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3067 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40864459137541914}}}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q10","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -18.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-29.36597873334211,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15870760500152414}}}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q11","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+17.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.145356,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q12","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-8.99°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.99147,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10325_q13","video_id":"video_10325","video_path":"videos/val/video_10325.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q00","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q01","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q02","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.0],"evidence_frames":[19,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q03","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q04","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q05","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q06","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1950 to 0.0030 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.453 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q07","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":74.02225879872617}}}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q08","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.780968,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q09","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0030 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7529966708084905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q10","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.49278298667369,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5741922531259526}}}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q11","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.531013,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q12","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.010808,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10326_q13","video_id":"video_10326","video_path":"videos/val/video_10326.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q00","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q01","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q02","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 10.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,10.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[26,125],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q03","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q04","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q05","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q06","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9348 to 0.0025 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.453 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q07","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":74.02225879872617}}}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q08","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.424549,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q09","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0025 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7529966708084905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q10","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.96°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-29.36597873334211,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15870760500152414}}}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q11","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.812491,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9202448405000658}}}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q12","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.910097,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10327_q13","video_id":"video_10327","video_path":"videos/val/video_10327.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q00","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q01","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q02","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q03","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q04","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q05","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q06","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2731 to 0.0034 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.453 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q07","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":59.40867053521619}}}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q08","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.051246,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q09","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0034 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7529966708084905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q10","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.68°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-29.36597873334211,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15870760500152414}}}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q11","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.696105,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q12","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.233736,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10328_q13","video_id":"video_10328","video_path":"videos/val/video_10328.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q00","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q01","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q02","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,92],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q03","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q04","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q05","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q06","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.4935 to 1.5666 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.097 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q07","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":74.02225879872617}}}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q08","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-23.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.869377,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q09","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0306 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.5666 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3965704773738544}}}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q10","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.06°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-51.89566979200421,"omega0_rad_s":0.42935380250076205}}}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q11","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-15.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.933621,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5846328231963347}}}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q12","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.336912,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.214522578486292}}}
{"question_id":"video_10329_q13","video_id":"video_10329","video_path":"videos/val/video_10329.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q00","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q01","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q02","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,112],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q03","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q04","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q05","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q06","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.1772 to 0.4468 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.186 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q07","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.10256439444163}}}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q08","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+60.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":60.95956,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q09","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0087 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4468 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.48562046293341693}}}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q10","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +20.46°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":61.81049609901527,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05152792802907413}}}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q11","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.858952,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q12","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+21.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.571511,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10330_q13","video_id":"video_10330","video_path":"videos/val/video_10330.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q00","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q01","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q02","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q03","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q04","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q05","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q06","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.2658 to 0.7993 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.079 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q07","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.10256439444163}}}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q08","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.468518,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q09","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0157 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.7993 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.37917018020799537}}}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q10","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +26.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":39.72131779266951,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05152792802907413}}}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q11","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-24.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.944252,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q12","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+19.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.119028,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10331_q13","video_id":"video_10331","video_path":"videos/val/video_10331.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q00","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q01","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q02","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q03","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q04","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q05","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q06","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8809 to 0.1650 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.186 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q07","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.10256439444163}}}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q08","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+20.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.123708,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q09","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0032 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1650 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.48562046293341693}}}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q10","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.32°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.777054234135605,"omega0_rad_s":0.5072049550181713}}}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q11","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.234048,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q12","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.512573,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10332_q13","video_id":"video_10332","video_path":"videos/val/video_10332.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q00","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q01","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q02","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 7.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,7.583333333333333],"evidence_frames":[23,91],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q03","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q04","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q05","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q06","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.5056 to 0.3035 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.186 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q07","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.10256439444163}}}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q08","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.37327,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q09","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0057 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3035 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.48562046293341693}}}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q10","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.22°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":39.72131779266951,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05152792802907413}}}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q11","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.684885,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9333197668900426}}}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q12","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+14.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.206989,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10333_q13","video_id":"video_10333","video_path":"videos/val/video_10333.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q00","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q01","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q02","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q03","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q04","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q05","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q06","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.2658 to 0.1984 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.186 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q07","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":120.1449687483832}}}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q08","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.468518,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q09","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0039 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1984 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.48562046293341693}}}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q10","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +18.12°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":39.72131779266951,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05152792802907413}}}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q11","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.266182,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q12","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+8.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.288945,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10334_q13","video_id":"video_10334","video_path":"videos/val/video_10334.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q00","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q01","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q02","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.666666666666666],"evidence_frames":[21,128],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q03","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q04","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q05","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q06","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (8.0444 to 6.2186 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.020 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q07","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.10256439444163}}}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q08","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-54.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-54.715492,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q09","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1127 J/kg counterfactual vs 6.2186 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3201772751238334}}}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q10","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -44.55°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":56.86623254048136,"omega0_rad_s":-0.37576396401453704}}}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q11","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+42.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":42.308672,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8671490217870943}}}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q12","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-29.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.691624,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.974422075339257}}}
{"question_id":"video_10335_q13","video_id":"video_10335","video_path":"videos/val/video_10335.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q00","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q01","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q02","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q03","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q04","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q05","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q06","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.7520 to 0.1105 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.268 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q07","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":85.71402989704497}}}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q08","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-46.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-46.186534,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q09","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0021 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1105 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5682442550583433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q10","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.96°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-51.85212665935789,"omega0_rad_s":0.05565174894337588}}}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q11","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.657258,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q12","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-8.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.543498,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10336_q13","video_id":"video_10336","video_path":"videos/val/video_10336.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q00","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q01","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q02","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[30,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q03","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q04","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q05","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q06","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9262 to 0.4829 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.050 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q07","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":85.71402989704497}}}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q08","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.776648,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q09","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0095 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4829 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34969576904057165}}}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q10","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -20.48°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.0766568519969,"omega0_rad_s":0.05565174894337588}}}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q11","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+19.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.86875,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q12","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.676471,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10337_q13","video_id":"video_10337","video_path":"videos/val/video_10337.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q00","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q01","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q02","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q03","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q04","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q05","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q06","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8809 to 0.0264 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.268 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q07","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":85.71402989704497}}}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q08","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.185102,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q09","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0264 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5682442550583433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q10","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.06132548159752,"omega0_rad_s":-0.44021765691039005}}}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q11","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.651565,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q12","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.458718,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10338_q13","video_id":"video_10338","video_path":"videos/val/video_10338.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q00","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q01","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q02","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q03","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q04","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q05","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q06","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7465 to 0.0205 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.268 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q07","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":85.71402989704497}}}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q08","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.813335,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q09","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0205 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5682442550583433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q10","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.00°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.0766568519969,"omega0_rad_s":0.05565174894337588}}}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q11","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.546522,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q12","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.435952,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.48367952889585}}}
{"question_id":"video_10339_q13","video_id":"video_10339","video_path":"videos/val/video_10339.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q00","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q01","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q02","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q03","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q04","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q05","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q06","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9262 to 0.0276 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.268 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q07","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":61.532359853162724}}}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q08","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.776648,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q09","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0276 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5682442550583433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q10","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.44°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-25.0766568519969,"omega0_rad_s":0.05565174894337588}}}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q11","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.449567,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q12","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.662332,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10340_q13","video_id":"video_10340","video_path":"videos/val/video_10340.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q00","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q01","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q02","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,131],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q03","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q04","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q05","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q06","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.0685 to 3.4594 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.044 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q07","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":85.71402989704497}}}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q08","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-33.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-33.385693,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q09","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0684 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.4594 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3437840728738124}}}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q10","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.37°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-49.83679528895851,"omega0_rad_s":-0.32217412552831204}}}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q11","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-22.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-22.54359,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7121652203778508}}}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q12","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.332839,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.734321572192211}}}
{"question_id":"video_10341_q13","video_id":"video_10341","video_path":"videos/val/video_10341.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q00","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q01","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q02","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.25],"evidence_frames":[19,123],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q03","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q04","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q05","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q06","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.7551 to 0.0471 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.351 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q07","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.69177462020342}}}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q08","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+58.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":58.914559,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q09","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0009 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0471 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6508680471832697}}}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q10","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.11°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":58.89375721970052,"omega0_rad_s":0.1628314259158259}}}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q11","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.802864,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q12","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.04°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.043063,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10342_q13","video_id":"video_10342","video_path":"videos/val/video_10342.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q00","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q01","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q02","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.25],"evidence_frames":[19,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q03","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q04","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q05","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q06","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8300 to 1.4021 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.020 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q07","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.69177462020342}}}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q08","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+13.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.39459,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q09","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0276 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.4021 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32022135787314787}}}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q10","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +29.27°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":35.43199591132429,"omega0_rad_s":0.1628314259158259}}}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q11","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-27.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.274626,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q12","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+26.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":26.261345,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10343_q13","video_id":"video_10343","video_path":"videos/val/video_10343.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q00","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q01","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q02","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q03","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q04","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q05","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q06","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5015 to 0.0150 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.351 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q07","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.69177462020342}}}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q08","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.918241,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q09","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0150 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6508680471832697}}}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q10","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.55°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.345596729059437,"omega0_rad_s":0.3732303588026088}}}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q11","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.507182,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q12","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.891721,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10344_q13","video_id":"video_10344","video_path":"videos/val/video_10344.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q00","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q01","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q02","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 8.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,8.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[27,107],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q03","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q04","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q05","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q06","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4115 to 0.0134 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.351 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q07","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.69177462020342}}}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q08","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+18.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.858889,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q09","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0134 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6508680471832697}}}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q10","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.49°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":35.43199591132429,"omega0_rad_s":0.1628314259158259}}}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q11","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.308432,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9657399693349322}}}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q12","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.39041,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10345_q13","video_id":"video_10345","video_path":"videos/val/video_10345.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q00","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q01","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q02","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q03","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q04","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q05","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q06","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8300 to 0.0185 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.351 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q07","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":121.21024623759747}}}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q08","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+13.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.39459,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q09","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0185 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6508680471832697}}}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q10","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":35.43199591132429,"omega0_rad_s":0.1628314259158259}}}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q11","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.961947,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q12","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.752385,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10346_q13","video_id":"video_10346","video_path":"videos/val/video_10346.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q00","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q01","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q02","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.0],"evidence_frames":[21,120],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q03","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q04","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q05","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q06","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.8151 to 2.4248 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.067 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q07","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.69177462020342}}}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q08","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.700876,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q09","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0498 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.4248 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3673908706237914}}}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q10","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -30.31°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":54.80735803743566,"omega0_rad_s":0.26858428704208703}}}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q11","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+31.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":31.574297,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5571814189686104}}}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q12","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-16.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.477003,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.094221069045176}}}
{"question_id":"video_10347_q13","video_id":"video_10347","video_path":"videos/val/video_10347.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q00","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q01","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q02","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q03","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q04","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q05","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q06","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.3742 to 0.0114 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.433 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q07","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.53782859036433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q08","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-41.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-41.420208,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q09","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0114 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7334918393081962}}}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q10","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.96°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-48.93538778004315,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12998889711172695}}}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q11","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.268482,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q12","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.996221,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10348_q13","video_id":"video_10348","video_path":"videos/val/video_10348.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q00","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q01","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q02","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q03","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q04","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q05","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q06","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6470 to 0.1732 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.101 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q07","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.53782859036433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q08","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.342927,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q09","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0034 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1732 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40074694670572486}}}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q10","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -13.87°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.787334970651692,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12998889711172695}}}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q11","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.033295,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q12","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.929907,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10349_q13","video_id":"video_10349","video_path":"videos/val/video_10349.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q00","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q01","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q02","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 9.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,9.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[28,119],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q03","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q04","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q05","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q06","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7248 to 0.0024 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.433 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q07","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.53782859036433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q08","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-13.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.136658,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q09","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0024 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7334918393081962}}}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q10","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.29°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.629867976521354,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5562430606948293}}}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q11","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.850667,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q12","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.330913,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10350_q13","video_id":"video_10350","video_path":"videos/val/video_10350.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q00","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q01","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q02","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,7.0],"evidence_frames":[21,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q03","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q04","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q05","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q06","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8573 to 0.0030 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.433 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q07","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.53782859036433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q08","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+13.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.505152,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q09","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0030 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7334918393081962}}}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q10","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.53°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.787334970651692,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12998889711172695}}}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q11","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.774468,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6493100245597754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q12","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.007241,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10351_q13","video_id":"video_10351","video_path":"videos/val/video_10351.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q00","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q01","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q02","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q03","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q04","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q05","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q06","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6470 to 0.0022 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.433 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q07","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":64.25113924780567}}}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q08","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.342927,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q09","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0022 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7334918393081962}}}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q10","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.787334970651692,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12998889711172695}}}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q11","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.910421,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q12","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.859602,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10352_q13","video_id":"video_10352","video_path":"videos/val/video_10352.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q00","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q01","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q02","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 9.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,9.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[22,112],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q03","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q04","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q05","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q06","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.7597 to 1.7745 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.091 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q07","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.53782859036433}}}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q08","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+41.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":41.927843,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q09","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0327 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.7745 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.39099766837377037}}}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q10","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +32.16°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.77792078591281,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4149944485558635}}}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q11","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-29.99°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.993593,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.83969761755937}}}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q12","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+28.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":28.35431,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.85412056589813}}}
{"question_id":"video_10353_q13","video_id":"video_10353","video_path":"videos/val/video_10353.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q00","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q01","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q02","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q03","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q04","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q05","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q06","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.3213 to 0.4831 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.166 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q07","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.11149617177712}}}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q08","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+54.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":54.768627,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q09","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0095 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4831 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4661156314331227}}}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q10","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +22.22°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":55.97701834038572,"omega0_rad_s":-0.022809220139276942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q11","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-19.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.580798,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q12","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+20.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.710669,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10354_q13","video_id":"video_10354","video_path":"videos/val/video_10354.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q00","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q01","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q02","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q03","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q04","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q05","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q06","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4141 to 0.5551 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.071 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q07","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.11149617177712}}}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q08","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.525981,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q09","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0109 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5551 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.37127253553830114}}}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q10","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +22.94°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":31.142674029979,"omega0_rad_s":-0.022809220139276942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q11","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-21.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.751957,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q12","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+11.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.510681,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10355_q13","video_id":"video_10355","video_path":"videos/val/video_10355.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q00","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q01","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q02","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q03","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q04","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q05","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q06","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2611 to 0.1433 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.166 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q07","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.11149617177712}}}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q08","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+11.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.028391,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q09","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0028 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1433 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4661156314331227}}}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q10","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +13.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":27.9141392239832,"omega0_rad_s":0.48925576258704806}}}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q11","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-12.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.176183,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q12","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.915092,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10356_q13","video_id":"video_10356","video_path":"videos/val/video_10356.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q00","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q01","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q02","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 10.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,10.0],"evidence_frames":[27,120],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q03","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q04","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q05","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q06","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7507 to 0.1930 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.166 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q07","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.11149617177712}}}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q08","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.925052,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q09","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0035 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1930 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4661156314331227}}}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q10","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.53°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":31.142674029979,"omega0_rad_s":-0.022809220139276942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q11","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.790755,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q12","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.600247,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.574848353438991}}}
{"question_id":"video_10357_q13","video_id":"video_10357","video_path":"videos/val/video_10357.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q00","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q01","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q02","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q03","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q04","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q05","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q06","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4141 to 0.1604 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.166 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q07","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":121.58604043342298}}}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q08","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.525981,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q09","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0031 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1604 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4661156314331227}}}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q10","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":31.142674029979,"omega0_rad_s":-0.022809220139276942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q11","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.406616,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q12","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.495825,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10358_q13","video_id":"video_10358","video_path":"videos/val/video_10358.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q00","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q01","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q02","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.75],"evidence_frames":[19,105],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q03","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q04","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q05","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q06","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.5968 to 5.4674 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.015 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q07","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.11149617177712}}}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q08","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+43.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":43.089691,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q09","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1022 J/kg counterfactual vs 5.4674 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3146044661237493}}}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q10","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -17.57°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.74848353438992,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3614046100696385}}}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q11","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+21.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.051071,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6847138161501265}}}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q12","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.172893,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.614020062751095}}}
{"question_id":"video_10359_q13","video_id":"video_10359","video_path":"videos/val/video_10359.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q00","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q01","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q02","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q03","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q04","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q05","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q06","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.0013 to 0.1146 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.249 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q07","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.46974183414754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q08","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-31.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-31.646431,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q09","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0022 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1146 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5487394235580492}}}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q10","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.97°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-46.01864890072835,"omega0_rad_s":0.08437045683317308}}}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q11","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.888854,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q12","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.334675,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10360_q13","video_id":"video_10360","video_path":"videos/val/video_10360.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q00","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q01","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q02","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 4.00 s and 11.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the second time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the second time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.0,11.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[48,139],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q03","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q04","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q05","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q06","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It is approximately conserved (0.4074 to 0.4074 J/kg), because γ = 0 and there is no damping.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"approximately conserved","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q07","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.46974183414754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q08","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.964803,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q09","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0080 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4074 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3}}}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q10","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -16.39°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-16.498013089306394,"omega0_rad_s":0.08437045683317308}}}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q11","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.565891,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q12","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.368419,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10361_q13","video_id":"video_10361","video_path":"videos/val/video_10361.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q00","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q01","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q02","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[20,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q03","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q04","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q05","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q06","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4786 to 0.0185 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.249 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q07","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.46974183414754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q08","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.630109,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q09","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0185 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5487394235580492}}}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q10","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.18°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-16.198410471445115,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4222684644792668}}}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q11","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.235876,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q12","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.930252,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10362_q13","video_id":"video_10362","video_path":"videos/val/video_10362.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q00","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q01","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q02","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.00 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[24,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q03","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q04","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q05","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q06","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.2677 to 0.0102 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.249 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q07","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.46974183414754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q08","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+14.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.364469,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q09","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0102 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5487394235580492}}}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q10","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.81°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-16.498013089306394,"omega0_rad_s":0.08437045683317308}}}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q11","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.973353,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.823735098169798}}}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q12","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.215105,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10363_q13","video_id":"video_10363","video_path":"videos/val/video_10363.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q00","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q01","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q02","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q03","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q04","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q05","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q06","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4074 to 0.0156 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.249 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q07","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":59.06403027407117}}}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q08","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.964803,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q09","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0156 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5487394235580492}}}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q10","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-16.498013089306394,"omega0_rad_s":0.08437045683317308}}}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q11","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.375113,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q12","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.636531,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10364_q13","video_id":"video_10364","video_path":"videos/val/video_10364.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q00","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q01","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q02","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,131],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q03","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q04","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q05","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q06","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.0644 to 2.4803 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.038 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q07","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.46974183414754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q08","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-39.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-39.126329,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q09","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0473 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.4803 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3382112638737283}}}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q10","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.27°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.71904628286707,"omega0_rad_s":0.30781477158341347}}}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q11","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-11.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.761556,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.529730014740886}}}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q12","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.26195,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.97391955960405}}}
{"question_id":"video_10365_q13","video_id":"video_10365","video_path":"videos/val/video_10365.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q00","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q01","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q02","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q03","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q04","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q05","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q06","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.9328 to 0.0506 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.331 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q07","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.49093008312788}}}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q08","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+50.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":50.811232,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q09","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0506 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6313632156829756}}}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q10","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.35°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":53.06027946107098,"omega0_rad_s":0.19155013380562025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q11","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.121949,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q12","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.573248,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10366_q13","video_id":"video_10366","video_path":"videos/val/video_10366.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q00","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q01","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q02","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q03","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q04","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q05","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q06","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0762 to 0.9155 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.012 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q07","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.49093008312788}}}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q08","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.354017,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q09","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0181 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.9155 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3123237132034544}}}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q10","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +24.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.85335214863379,"omega0_rad_s":0.19155013380562025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q11","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-23.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.615069,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q12","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+16.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.284443,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10367_q13","video_id":"video_10367","video_path":"videos/val/video_10367.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q00","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q01","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q02","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.0],"evidence_frames":[19,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q03","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q04","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q05","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q06","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9452 to 0.0121 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.331 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q07","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.49093008312788}}}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q08","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+8.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.150126,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q09","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0121 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6313632156829756}}}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q10","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.32°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-24.48268171890703,"omega0_rad_s":0.3552811663714873}}}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q11","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.554178,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q12","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.29524,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10368_q13","video_id":"video_10368","video_path":"videos/val/video_10368.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q00","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q01","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q02","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 9.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,9.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[22,115],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q03","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q04","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q05","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q06","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5083 to 0.0198 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.331 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q07","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.49093008312788}}}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q08","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-27.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.180332,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q09","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0198 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6313632156829756}}}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q10","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.44°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.85335214863379,"omega0_rad_s":0.19155013380562025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q11","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.251603,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7403002822295068}}}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q12","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.486505,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10369_q13","video_id":"video_10369","video_path":"videos/val/video_10369.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q00","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q01","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q02","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q03","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q04","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q05","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q06","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0762 to 0.0141 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.331 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q07","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":117.16990553171364}}}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q08","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.354017,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q09","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0141 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6313632156829756}}}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q10","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.03°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.85335214863379,"omega0_rad_s":0.19155013380562025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q11","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.891849,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q12","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.094651,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10370_q13","video_id":"video_10370","video_path":"videos/val/video_10370.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q00","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q01","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q02","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,9.25],"evidence_frames":[21,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q03","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q04","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q05","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q06","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.1488 to 2.7445 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.062 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q07","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.49093008312788}}}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q08","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-35.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-35.89254,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q09","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0483 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.7445 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3618180616237073}}}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q10","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -39.28°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":50.68960903134422,"omega0_rad_s":-0.25422493309718985}}}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q11","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+38.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":38.009451,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8122462133316426}}}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q12","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-35.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-35.910787,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.733819056457014}}}
{"question_id":"video_10371_q13","video_id":"video_10371","video_path":"videos/val/video_10371.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q00","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q01","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q02","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q03","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q04","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q05","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q06","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.9252 to 0.0213 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.414 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q07","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.26506514494164}}}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q08","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-59.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-59.813889,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q09","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0213 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.713987007807902}}}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q10","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.80°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-60.1019100214136,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10127018922192976}}}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q11","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.722675,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q12","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.895363,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10372_q13","video_id":"video_10372","video_path":"videos/val/video_10372.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q00","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q01","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q02","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q03","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q04","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q05","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q06","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0021 to 0.5911 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.093 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q07","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.26506514494164}}}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q08","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-15.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.26461,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q09","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0116 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5911 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.39284930203603063}}}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q10","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -23.91°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-37.20869120796118,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10127018922192976}}}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q11","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+22.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":22.013941,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q12","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-15.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.878947,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10373_q13","video_id":"video_10373","video_path":"videos/val/video_10373.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q00","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q01","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q02","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.0],"evidence_frames":[19,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q03","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q04","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q05","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q06","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7059 to 0.0074 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.414 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q07","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.26506514494164}}}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q08","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.969406,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q09","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0074 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.713987007807902}}}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q10","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.13°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":32.76695296636895,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5382938682637061}}}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q11","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.174075,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q12","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.468941,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10374_q13","video_id":"video_10374","video_path":"videos/val/video_10374.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q00","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q01","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q02","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.0],"evidence_frames":[20,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q03","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q04","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q05","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q06","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7127 to 0.0076 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.414 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q07","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.26506514494164}}}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q08","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-17.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.949664,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q09","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0076 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.713987007807902}}}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q10","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.47°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-37.20869120796118,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10127018922192976}}}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q11","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.414505,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q12","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.27524,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":10.066017177982136}}}
{"question_id":"video_10375_q13","video_id":"video_10375","video_path":"videos/val/video_10375.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q00","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q01","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q02","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q03","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q04","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q05","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q06","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0021 to 0.0088 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.414 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q07","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":63.347492076348445}}}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q08","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-15.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-15.26461,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q09","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0088 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.713987007807902}}}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q10","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.84°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-37.20869120796118,"omega0_rad_s":-0.10127018922192976}}}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q11","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.505905,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q12","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.004335,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10376_q13","video_id":"video_10376","video_path":"videos/val/video_10376.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q00","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q01","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q02","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 8.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,8.75],"evidence_frames":[20,105],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q03","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q04","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q05","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q06","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.1212 to 2.3884 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.085 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q07","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":73.26506514494164}}}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q08","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-30.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-30.914892,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q09","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0457 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.3884 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.38542485937368626}}}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q10","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +14.86°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-55.66017177982137,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4006350946109649}}}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q11","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.332835,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6572624119224022}}}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q12","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.71908,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.493718553309968}}}
{"question_id":"video_10377_q13","video_id":"video_10377","video_path":"videos/val/video_10377.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q00","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q01","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q02","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q03","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q04","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q05","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q06","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.5231 to 0.0052 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.497 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q07","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.7624556054537}}}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q08","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+42.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":42.782044,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q09","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0052 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7966107999328285}}}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q10","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.37°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":50.143540581756234,"omega0_rad_s":0.005909487750520276}}}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q11","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.896409,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q12","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.069185,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10378_q13","video_id":"video_10378","video_path":"videos/val/video_10378.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q00","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q01","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q02","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q03","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q04","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q05","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q06","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7510 to 0.3275 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.063 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q07","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.7624556054537}}}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q08","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.016062,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q09","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0064 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3275 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3633748908686069}}}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q10","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +17.43°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":22.56403026728858,"omega0_rad_s":0.005909487750520276}}}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q11","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.807293,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q12","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.882643,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10379_q13","video_id":"video_10379","video_path":"videos/val/video_10379.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q00","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q01","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q02","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q03","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q04","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q05","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q06","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7658 to 0.0011 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.497 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q07","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.7624556054537}}}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q08","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.911677,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q09","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0011 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7966107999328285}}}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q10","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.87°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.051224213830864,"omega0_rad_s":0.4713065701559248}}}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q11","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.132821,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q12","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.085256,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10380_q13","video_id":"video_10380","video_path":"videos/val/video_10380.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q00","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q01","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q02","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 10.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,10.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[25,131],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q03","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q04","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q05","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q06","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5222 to 0.0007 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.497 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q07","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.7624556054537}}}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q08","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.970748,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q09","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0007 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7966107999328285}}}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q10","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = +0.91°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":22.56403026728858,"omega0_rad_s":0.005909487750520276}}}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q11","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-0.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.388625,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8692302270046643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q12","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.890669,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10381_q13","video_id":"video_10381","video_path":"videos/val/video_10381.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q00","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q01","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q02","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q03","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q04","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q05","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q06","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7510 to 0.0011 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.497 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q07","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.11515636630742}}}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q08","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.016062,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q09","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0011 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7966107999328285}}}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q10","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.03°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":22.56403026728858,"omega0_rad_s":0.005909487750520276}}}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q11","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.381383,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q12","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.558073,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10382_q13","video_id":"video_10382","video_path":"videos/val/video_10382.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q00","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q01","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q02","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q03","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q04","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q05","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q06","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.4521 to 1.0947 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.109 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q07","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.7624556054537}}}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q08","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+31.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":31.427946,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q09","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0216 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.0947 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40903165712366524}}}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q10","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.31°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":48.63073452829852,"omega0_rad_s":0.34704525612473985}}}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q11","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.366494,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5022786105131616}}}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q12","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.260569,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.853618050162932}}}
{"question_id":"video_10383_q13","video_id":"video_10383","video_path":"videos/val/video_10383.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q00","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q01","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q02","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.25],"evidence_frames":[19,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q03","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q04","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q05","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q06","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.5001 to 0.2197 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.229 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q07","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.718085058117}}}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q08","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-56.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-56.496741,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q09","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0043 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2197 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5292345920577548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q10","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -19.07°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-57.1851711420988,"omega0_rad_s":0.11308916472296744}}}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q11","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.546136,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q12","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.642174,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10384_q13","video_id":"video_10384","video_path":"videos/val/video_10384.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q00","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q01","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q02","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[30,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q03","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q04","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q05","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q06","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5815 to 1.0127 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.034 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q07","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.718085058117}}}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q08","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.289173,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q09","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0199 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.0127 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33390047970118397}}}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q10","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -28.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.919369326615886,"omega0_rad_s":0.11308916472296744}}}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q11","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+26.99°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":26.985394,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q12","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-17.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.213976,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10385_q13","video_id":"video_10385","video_path":"videos/val/video_10385.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q00","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q01","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q02","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q03","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q04","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q05","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q06","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3397 to 0.0667 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.229 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q07","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.718085058117}}}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q08","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-10.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.454801,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q09","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0013 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0667 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5292345920577548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q10","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -11.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-29.33549546129271,"omega0_rad_s":-0.40431927204814533}}}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q11","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+9.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.829051,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q12","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.308439,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10386_q13","video_id":"video_10386","video_path":"videos/val/video_10386.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q00","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q01","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q02","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[22,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q03","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q04","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q05","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q06","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.3213 to 0.1079 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.229 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q07","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.718085058117}}}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q08","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+28.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":28.062081,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q09","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0019 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1079 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5292345920577548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q10","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.99°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.919369326615886,"omega0_rad_s":0.11308916472296744}}}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q11","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.769125,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8312905398992383}}}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q12","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.961887,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10387_q13","video_id":"video_10387","video_path":"videos/val/video_10387.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q00","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q01","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q02","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q03","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q04","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q05","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q06","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5815 to 0.0784 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.229 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q07","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":64.76980890183609}}}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q08","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.289173,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q09","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0015 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0784 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5292345920577548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q10","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.919369326615886,"omega0_rad_s":0.11308916472296744}}}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q11","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.552752,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q12","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.612955,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10388_q13","video_id":"video_10388","video_path":"videos/val/video_10388.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q00","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q01","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q02","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[22,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q03","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q04","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q05","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q06","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.6740 to 4.4048 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.033 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q07","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.718085058117}}}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q08","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+47.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":47.892413,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q09","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0808 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.4048 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33263845487364424}}}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q10","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +42.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-53.601297276775625,"omega0_rad_s":-0.2934554176385163}}}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q11","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-40.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-40.203997,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7847948091039183}}}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q12","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+36.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":36.9725,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.613517547015888}}}
{"question_id":"video_10389_q13","video_id":"video_10389","video_path":"videos/val/video_10389.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q00","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q01","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q02","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q03","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q04","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q05","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q06","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.1642 to 0.0528 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.312 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q07","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.16906784784916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q08","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+33.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":33.614761,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q09","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0528 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6118583841826812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q10","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":47.226801702441435,"omega0_rad_s":-0.17973115830458258}}}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q11","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.940938,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q12","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.824504,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10390_q13","video_id":"video_10390","video_path":"videos/val/video_10390.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q00","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q01","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q02","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,8.0],"evidence_frames":[30,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q03","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q04","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q05","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q06","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5109 to 0.1138 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.114 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q07","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.16906784784916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q08","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.467067,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q09","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0022 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1138 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4144260685337602}}}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q10","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +11.32°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":18.27470838594328,"omega0_rad_s":-0.17973115830458258}}}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q11","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.95222,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q12","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.964335,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10391_q13","video_id":"video_10391","video_path":"videos/val/video_10391.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q00","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q01","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q02","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[28,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q03","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q04","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q05","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q06","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6327 to 0.0102 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.312 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q07","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.16906784784916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q08","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+13.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.943799,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q09","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0102 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6118583841826812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q10","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.619766708754625,"omega0_rad_s":0.5873319739403641}}}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q11","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.389516,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q12","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.98413,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10392_q13","video_id":"video_10392","video_path":"videos/val/video_10392.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q00","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q01","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q02","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[27,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q03","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q04","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q05","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q06","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6028 to 0.0099 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.312 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q07","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.16906784784916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q08","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.28231,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q09","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0099 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6118583841826812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q10","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":18.27470838594328,"omega0_rad_s":-0.17973115830458258}}}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q11","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.207236,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q12","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.146591,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.957186002525278}}}
{"question_id":"video_10393_q13","video_id":"video_10393","video_path":"videos/val/video_10393.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q00","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q01","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q02","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.0],"evidence_frames":[19,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q03","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q04","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q05","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q06","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5109 to 0.0085 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.312 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q07","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":115.28260914519032}}}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q08","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.467067,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q09","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0085 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6118583841826812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q10","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":18.27470838594328,"omega0_rad_s":-0.17973115830458258}}}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q11","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.488316,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q12","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.315303,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10394_q13","video_id":"video_10394","video_path":"videos/val/video_10394.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q00","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q01","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q02","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,115],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q03","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q04","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q05","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q06","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.0457 to 2.4193 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.056 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q07","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.16906784784916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q08","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+47.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":47.369369,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q09","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0425 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.4193 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3562452526236232}}}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q10","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":46.571860025252775,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4398655791522913}}}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q11","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.107545,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.629811007694678}}}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q12","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+28.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":28.093238,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.373417043868852}}}
{"question_id":"video_10395_q13","video_id":"video_10395","video_path":"videos/val/video_10395.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q00","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q01","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q02","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q03","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q04","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q05","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q06","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.0837 to 0.0229 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.394 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q07","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.46632043570771}}}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q08","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-52.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-52.191492,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q09","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0229 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6944821763076077}}}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q10","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.03°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-54.26843226278406,"omega0_rad_s":-0.07255148133213252}}}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q11","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.034465,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q12","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.448442,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10396_q13","video_id":"video_10396","video_path":"videos/val/video_10396.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q00","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q01","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q02","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q03","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q04","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q05","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q06","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2021 to 0.3949 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.085 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q07","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.46632043570771}}}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q08","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.55356,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q09","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0078 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3949 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3849516573663364}}}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q10","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -20.01°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-28.630047445270677,"omega0_rad_s":-0.07255148133213252}}}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q11","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+18.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.82409,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q12","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.304147,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10397_q13","video_id":"video_10397","video_path":"videos/val/video_10397.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q00","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q01","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q02","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.0],"evidence_frames":[19,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q03","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q04","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q05","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q06","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1210 to 0.0062 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.394 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q07","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.46632043570771}}}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q08","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.55292,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q09","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0062 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6944821763076077}}}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q10","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.18°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":25.90403795621654,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5203446758325828}}}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q11","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.470059,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q12","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.008989,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10398_q13","video_id":"video_10398","video_path":"videos/val/video_10398.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q00","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q01","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q02","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 9.50 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,9.5],"evidence_frames":[26,114],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q03","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q04","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q05","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q06","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8791 to 0.0050 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.394 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q07","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.46632043570771}}}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q08","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-27.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.823268,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q09","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0050 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6944821763076077}}}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q10","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.92°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-28.630047445270677,"omega0_rad_s":-0.07255148133213252}}}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q11","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.971467,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9147253558395302}}}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q12","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.012409,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10399_q13","video_id":"video_10399","video_path":"videos/val/video_10399.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q00","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q01","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q02","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q03","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q04","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q05","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q06","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2021 to 0.0069 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.394 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q07","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":66.59152472127522}}}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q08","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.55356,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q09","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0069 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6944821763076077}}}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q10","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.79°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-28.630047445270677,"omega0_rad_s":-0.07255148133213252}}}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q11","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.744279,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q12","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.401243,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10400_q13","video_id":"video_10400","video_path":"videos/val/video_10400.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q00","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q01","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q02","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 9.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,9.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[22,118],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q03","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q04","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q05","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q06","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.3119 to 2.1858 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.080 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q07","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.46632043570771}}}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q08","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+36.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":36.05168,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q09","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0416 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.1858 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3798520503736022}}}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q10","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-51.542422773729925,"omega0_rad_s":0.3862757406660663}}}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q11","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.426735,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9123272062854375}}}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q12","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-14.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.868023,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.733316540721807}}}
{"question_id":"video_10401_q13","video_id":"video_10401","video_path":"videos/val/video_10401.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q00","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q01","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q02","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q03","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q04","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q05","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q06","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.1011 to 0.0096 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.477 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q07","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.72387738269262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q08","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+60.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":60.523955,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q09","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0096 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7771059684325341}}}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q10","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.86°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":61.310062823126685,"omega0_rad_s":0.034628195640314635}}}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q11","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.019903,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q12","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.443499,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10402_q13","video_id":"video_10402","video_path":"videos/val/video_10402.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q00","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q01","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q02","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.25],"evidence_frames":[19,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q03","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q04","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q05","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q06","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1852 to 1.0523 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.055 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q07","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.72387738269262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q08","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.435255,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q09","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0207 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.0523 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.35547724619891347}}}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q10","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +28.24°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.98538650459807,"omega0_rad_s":0.034628195640314635}}}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q11","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-26.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-26.251804,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q12","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+22.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":22.978676,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10403_q13","video_id":"video_10403","video_path":"videos/val/video_10403.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q00","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q01","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q02","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q03","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q04","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q05","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q06","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7980 to 0.0035 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.477 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q07","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.72387738269262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q08","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.920103,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q09","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0035 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7771059684325341}}}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q10","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.84°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.18830920367846,"omega0_rad_s":0.45335737772480333}}}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q11","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.669983,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q12","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.764957,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10404_q13","video_id":"video_10404","video_path":"videos/val/video_10404.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q00","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q01","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q02","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[23,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q03","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q04","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q05","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q06","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.3610 to 0.0061 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.477 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q07","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.72387738269262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q08","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.979596,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q09","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0061 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7771059684325341}}}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q10","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.04°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.98538650459807,"omega0_rad_s":0.034628195640314635}}}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q11","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.081875,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.922280797568971}}}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q12","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.928477,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10405_q13","video_id":"video_10405","video_path":"videos/val/video_10405.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q00","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q01","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q02","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q03","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q04","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q05","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q06","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1852 to 0.0042 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.477 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q07","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":124.4773204244495}}}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q08","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.435255,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q09","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0042 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7771059684325341}}}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q10","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.98538650459807,"omega0_rad_s":0.034628195640314635}}}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q11","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.338309,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q12","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.475349,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10406_q13","video_id":"video_10406","video_path":"videos/val/video_10406.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q00","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q01","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q02","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,124],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q03","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q04","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q05","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q06","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.1954 to 1.8456 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.103 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q07","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":98.72387738269262}}}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q08","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-45.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-45.55862,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q09","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0325 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.8456 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4034588481235812}}}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q10","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -36.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":56.512985522207074,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3326859021798427}}}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q11","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+35.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":35.16224,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.757343404876194}}}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q12","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-32.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-32.40918,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.49321603757477}}}
{"question_id":"video_10407_q13","video_id":"video_10407","video_path":"videos/val/video_10407.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q00","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q01","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q02","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q03","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q04","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q05","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q06","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.6933 to 0.2340 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.210 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q07","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.59641749125451}}}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q08","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-44.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-44.339088,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q09","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0046 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2340 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.50972976055746}}}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q10","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -19.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-51.35169338346932,"omega0_rad_s":0.14180787261276465}}}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q11","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+17.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.450395,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q12","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-12.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.252616,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10408_q13","video_id":"video_10408","video_path":"videos/val/video_10408.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q00","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q01","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q02","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[30,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q03","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q04","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q05","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q06","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8821 to 0.6272 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.026 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q07","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.59641749125451}}}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q08","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.755918,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q09","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0123 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.6272 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3260028350314897}}}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q10","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -22.00°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-24.340725563925467,"omega0_rad_s":0.14180787261276465}}}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q11","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+21.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.737053,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q12","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.641463,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10409_q13","video_id":"video_10409","video_path":"videos/val/video_10409.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q00","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q01","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q02","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q03","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q04","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q05","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q06","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8196 to 0.0528 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.210 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q07","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.59641749125451}}}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q08","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.662774,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q09","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0528 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.50972976055746}}}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q10","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.72°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.472580451140374,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3863700796170221}}}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q11","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.47253,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q12","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.326174,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10410_q13","video_id":"video_10410","video_path":"videos/val/video_10410.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q00","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q01","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q02","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q03","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q04","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q05","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q06","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7099 to 0.0425 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.210 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q07","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.59641749125451}}}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q08","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-5.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.649402,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q09","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0425 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.50972976055746}}}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q10","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.40°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-24.340725563925467,"omega0_rad_s":0.14180787261276465}}}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q11","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.056763,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q12","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.81129,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.448354827068423}}}
{"question_id":"video_10411_q13","video_id":"video_10411","video_path":"videos/val/video_10411.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q00","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q01","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q02","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q03","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q04","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q05","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q06","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8821 to 0.0564 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.210 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q07","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.03464573339822}}}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q08","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.755918,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q09","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0564 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.50972976055746}}}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q10","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.36°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-24.340725563925467,"omega0_rad_s":0.14180787261276465}}}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q11","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+9.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.46491,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q12","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.73036,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10412_q13","video_id":"video_10412","video_path":"videos/val/video_10412.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q00","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q01","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q02","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.583333333333333],"evidence_frames":[20,91],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q03","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q04","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q05","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q06","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.3981 to 3.8197 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.027 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q07","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":83.59641749125451}}}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q08","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-46.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-46.899317,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q09","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0707 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.8197 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32706564587355996}}}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q10","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.10°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-49.483548270684224,"omega0_rad_s":-0.27909606369361767}}}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q11","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.540615,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6023596034669536}}}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q12","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-20.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-20.429313,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.253115534427726}}}
{"question_id":"video_10413_q13","video_id":"video_10413","video_path":"videos/val/video_10413.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q00","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q01","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q02","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q03","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q04","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q05","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q06","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.6801 to 0.0999 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.292 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q07","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.16068645374857}}}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q08","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+58.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":58.223556,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q09","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0019 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0999 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5923535526823875}}}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q10","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.68°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":58.393323943811886,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15101245041478534}}}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q11","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.270163,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q12","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.156128,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10414_q13","video_id":"video_10414","video_path":"videos/val/video_10414.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q00","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q01","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q02","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q03","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q04","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q05","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q06","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7558 to 0.4338 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.107 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q07","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.16068645374857}}}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q08","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.382027,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q09","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0085 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4338 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40652842386406596}}}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q10","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +22.25°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.696064623252774,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15101245041478534}}}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q11","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-20.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-20.881559,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q12","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+10.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.210808,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10415_q13","video_id":"video_10415","video_path":"videos/val/video_10415.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q00","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q01","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q02","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q03","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q04","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q05","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q06","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5419 to 0.0329 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.292 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q07","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.16068645374857}}}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q08","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.163355,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q09","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0329 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5923535526823875}}}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q10","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.45°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.75685169860222,"omega0_rad_s":0.5693827815092408}}}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q11","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.472555,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q12","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.557814,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10416_q13","video_id":"video_10416","video_path":"videos/val/video_10416.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q00","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q01","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q02","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 11.50 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,11.5],"evidence_frames":[26,138],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q03","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q04","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q05","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q06","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3467 to 0.0281 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.292 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q07","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.16068645374857}}}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q08","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+25.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":25.9005,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q09","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0281 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5923535526823875}}}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q10","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.86°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.696064623252774,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15101245041478534}}}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q11","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.910942,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9602204846743958}}}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q12","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.407761,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10417_q13","video_id":"video_10417","video_path":"videos/val/video_10417.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q00","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q01","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q02","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q03","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q04","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q05","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q06","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7558 to 0.0380 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.292 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q07","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":119.15821006366092}}}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q08","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.382027,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q09","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0380 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5923535526823875}}}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q10","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.55°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":34.696064623252774,"omega0_rad_s":-0.15101245041478534}}}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q11","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.167474,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q12","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.604773,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10418_q13","video_id":"video_10418","video_path":"videos/val/video_10418.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q00","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q01","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q02","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.00 s and 7.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0,7.583333333333333],"evidence_frames":[24,91],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q03","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q04","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q05","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q06","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.8411 to 3.5381 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.051 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q07","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.16068645374857}}}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q08","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-16.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.229083,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q09","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0669 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.5381 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.35067244362353933}}}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q10","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.94°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":54.45411101916133,"omega0_rad_s":0.4255062252073927}}}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q11","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.605681,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.88487580205771}}}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q12","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+35.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":35.630134,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.61301503128069}}}
{"question_id":"video_10419_q13","video_id":"video_10419","video_path":"videos/val/video_10419.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q00","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q01","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q02","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q03","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q04","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q05","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q06","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.3023 to 0.0241 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.375 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q07","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66144390530911}}}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q08","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-39.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-39.163943,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q09","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0241 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6749773448073129}}}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q10","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.03°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-48.43495450415452,"omega0_rad_s":-0.043832773442338185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q11","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+8.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.171715,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q12","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.918619,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10420_q13","video_id":"video_10420","video_path":"videos/val/video_10420.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q00","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q01","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q02","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q03","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q04","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q05","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q06","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5956 to 0.2173 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.077 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q07","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66144390530911}}}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q08","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.19099,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q09","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0043 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2173 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.37705401269664296}}}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q10","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.68°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.05140368258017,"omega0_rad_s":-0.043832773442338185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q11","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+14.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.074754,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q12","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.491893,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10421_q13","video_id":"video_10421","video_path":"videos/val/video_10421.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q00","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q01","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q02","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 8.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,8.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[28,107],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q03","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q04","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q05","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q06","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6630 to 0.0047 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.375 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q07","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66144390530911}}}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q08","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.471989,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q09","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0047 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6749773448073129}}}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q10","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.02°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.041122946064135,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5023954834014613}}}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q11","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.56923,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q12","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.412227,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10422_q13","video_id":"video_10422","video_path":"videos/val/video_10422.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q00","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q01","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q02","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,9.25],"evidence_frames":[21,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q03","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q04","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q05","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q06","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7810 to 0.0056 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.375 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q07","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66144390530911}}}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q08","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+9.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.744742,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q09","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0056 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6749773448073129}}}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q10","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.40°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.05140368258017,"omega0_rad_s":-0.043832773442338185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q11","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.646251,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6382710552387025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q12","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.763831,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10423_q13","video_id":"video_10423","video_path":"videos/val/video_10423.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q00","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q01","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q02","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q03","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q04","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q05","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q06","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5956 to 0.0044 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.375 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q07","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":57.27137998585279}}}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q08","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.19099,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q09","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0044 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6749773448073129}}}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q10","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-20.05140368258017,"omega0_rad_s":-0.043832773442338185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q11","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.682335,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q12","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.876302,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10424_q13","video_id":"video_10424","video_path":"videos/val/video_10424.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q00","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q01","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q02","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,124],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q03","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q04","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q05","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q06","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.1207 to 1.9373 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.074 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q07","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66144390530911}}}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q08","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+29.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.192245,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q09","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0353 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.9373 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3742792413735179}}}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q10","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +35.40°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.42467376763848,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3719163867211691}}}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q11","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-34.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-34.191569,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7298920006484697}}}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q12","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+32.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":32.143365,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.372914528133645}}}
{"question_id":"video_10425_q13","video_id":"video_10425","video_path":"videos/val/video_10425.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q00","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q01","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q02","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q03","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q04","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q05","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q06","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.2523 to 0.0104 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.458 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q07","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":67.77647440071937}}}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q08","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+54.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":54.293412,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q09","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0104 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7576011369322404}}}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q10","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.97°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":55.476585064497144,"omega0_rad_s":0.06334690353011183}}}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q11","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.186293,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q12","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.207029,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10426_q13","video_id":"video_10426","video_path":"videos/val/video_10426.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q00","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q01","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q02","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q03","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q04","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q05","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q06","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3513 to 0.7237 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.048 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q07","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":67.77647440071937}}}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q08","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.285742,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q09","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0142 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.7237 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34757960152921924}}}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q10","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +24.39°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":30.406742741907564,"omega0_rad_s":0.06334690353011183}}}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q11","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-23.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.169354,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q12","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+14.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.232418,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10427_q13","video_id":"video_10427","video_path":"videos/val/video_10427.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q00","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q01","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q02","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q03","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q04","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q05","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q06","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1895 to 0.0030 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.458 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q07","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":67.77647440071937}}}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q08","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+9.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.188587,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q09","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0030 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7576011369322404}}}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q10","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.28°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":27.32539419352605,"omega0_rad_s":0.4354081852936801}}}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q11","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.288812,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q12","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.530091,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10428_q13","video_id":"video_10428","video_path":"videos/val/video_10428.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q00","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q01","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q02","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 10.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,10.0],"evidence_frames":[27,120],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q03","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q04","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q05","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q06","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6685 to 0.0038 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.458 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q07","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":67.77647440071937}}}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q08","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.04°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.038706,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q09","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0038 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7576011369322404}}}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q10","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":30.406742741907564,"omega0_rad_s":0.06334690353011183}}}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q11","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.274476,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q12","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.204841,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.539523651611562}}}
{"question_id":"video_10429_q13","video_id":"video_10429","video_path":"videos/val/video_10429.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q00","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q01","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q02","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q03","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q04","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q05","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q06","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3513 to 0.0034 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.458 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q07","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":117.16134785996351}}}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q08","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.285742,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q09","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0034 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7576011369322404}}}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q10","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.75°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":30.406742741907564,"omega0_rad_s":0.06334690353011183}}}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q11","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.770468,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q12","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.118748,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10430_q13","video_id":"video_10430","video_path":"videos/val/video_10430.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q00","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q01","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q02","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,127],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q03","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q04","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q05","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q06","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.8643 to 1.6192 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.098 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q07","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":67.77647440071937}}}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q08","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+52.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":52.160122,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q09","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0286 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.6192 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3978860391234973}}}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q10","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.39523651611563,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3183265482349441}}}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q11","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.324438,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.574908199239229}}}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q12","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+28.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":28.145046,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.13281402498661}}}
{"question_id":"video_10431_q13","video_id":"video_10431","video_path":"videos/val/video_10431.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q00","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q01","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q02","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q03","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q04","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q05","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q06","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.9508 to 0.2424 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.190 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q07","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.18603034202428}}}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q08","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.352858,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q09","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0047 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2424 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49022492905716564}}}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q10","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -19.97°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.51821562483977,"omega0_rad_s":0.17052658050256186}}}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q11","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+17.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.875794,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q12","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-10.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.485699,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10432_q13","video_id":"video_10432","video_path":"videos/val/video_10432.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q00","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q01","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q02","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,8.0],"evidence_frames":[29,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q03","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q04","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q05","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q06","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3834 to 0.3023 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.018 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q07","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.18603034202428}}}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q08","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.4292,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q09","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0059 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3023 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31810519036179546}}}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q10","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.76208180123496,"omega0_rad_s":0.17052658050256186}}}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q11","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+14.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.627413,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q12","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.238352,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10433_q13","video_id":"video_10433","video_path":"videos/val/video_10433.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q00","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q01","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q02","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[20,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q03","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q04","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q05","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q06","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4297 to 0.0357 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.190 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q07","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.18603034202428}}}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q08","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.478849,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q09","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0357 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49022492905716564}}}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q10","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.52°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.609665440987968,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3684208871858988}}}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q11","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.597301,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q12","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.542141,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10434_q13","video_id":"video_10434","video_path":"videos/val/video_10434.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q00","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q01","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q02","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.00 s and 8.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0,8.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[24,107],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q03","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q04","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q05","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q06","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.2477 to 0.0202 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.190 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q07","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.18603034202428}}}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q08","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+15.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.263194,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q09","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0202 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49022492905716564}}}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q10","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.76208180123496,"omega0_rad_s":0.17052658050256186}}}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q11","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.647493,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8182156135092622}}}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q12","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.929084,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10435_q13","video_id":"video_10435","video_path":"videos/val/video_10435.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q00","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q01","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q02","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q03","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q04","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q05","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q06","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3834 to 0.0315 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.190 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q07","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":58.137900233266826}}}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q08","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.4292,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q09","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0315 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49022492905716564}}}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q10","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.11°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.76208180123496,"omega0_rad_s":0.17052658050256186}}}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q11","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.676619,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q12","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.227128,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10436_q13","video_id":"video_10436","video_path":"videos/val/video_10436.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q00","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q01","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q02","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q03","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q04","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q05","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q06","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.5623 to 4.1861 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.021 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q07","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.18603034202428}}}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q08","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-11.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.393956,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q09","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0816 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.1861 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3214928368734759}}}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q10","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +33.60°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.36579926459278,"omega0_rad_s":0.2647367097487191}}}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q11","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-35.04°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-35.038352,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8574243978299858}}}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q12","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+29.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.544676,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.892713521839564}}}
{"question_id":"video_10437_q13","video_id":"video_10437","video_path":"videos/val/video_10437.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q00","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q01","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q02","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q03","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q04","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q05","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q06","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.8537 to 0.1068 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.273 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q07","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.72688316100732}}}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q08","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+47.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":47.319568,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q09","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0021 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1068 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5728487211820934}}}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q10","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.96°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.5598461851824,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12229374252498815}}}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q11","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.675225,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q12","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+8.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.320403,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10438_q13","video_id":"video_10438","video_path":"videos/val/video_10438.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q00","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q01","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q02","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q03","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q04","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q05","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q06","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0091 to 0.2771 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.099 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q07","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.72688316100732}}}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q08","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.239213,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q09","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0054 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2771 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.39863077919437173}}}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q10","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +17.52°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.117420860562355,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12229374252498815}}}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q11","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.722661,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q12","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.080371,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10439_q13","video_id":"video_10439","video_path":"videos/val/video_10439.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q00","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q01","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q02","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[29,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q03","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q04","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q05","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q06","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9928 to 0.0272 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.273 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q07","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.72688316100732}}}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q08","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+11.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.332502,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q09","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0272 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5728487211820934}}}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q10","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.78°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.893936688449884,"omega0_rad_s":0.5514335890781176}}}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q11","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.153803,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q12","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.383588,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10440_q13","video_id":"video_10440","video_path":"videos/val/video_10440.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q00","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q01","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q02","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,142],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q03","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q04","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q05","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q06","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4000 to 0.0395 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.273 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q07","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.72688316100732}}}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q08","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-24.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.453313,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q09","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0008 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0395 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5728487211820934}}}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q10","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.117420860562355,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12229374252498815}}}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q11","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.126727,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7292613129084353}}}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q12","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.836737,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10441_q13","video_id":"video_10441","video_path":"videos/val/video_10441.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q00","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q01","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q02","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q03","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q04","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q05","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q06","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0091 to 0.0282 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.273 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q07","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":118.09471505592293}}}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q08","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.239213,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q09","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0282 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5728487211820934}}}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q10","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.61°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.117420860562355,"omega0_rad_s":-0.12229374252498815}}}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q11","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.618967,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q12","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.509169,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10442_q13","video_id":"video_10442","video_path":"videos/val/video_10442.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q00","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q01","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q02","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,137],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q03","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q04","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q05","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q06","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.5975 to 3.0883 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.045 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q07","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":89.72688316100732}}}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q08","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-18.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.446098,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q09","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0563 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.0883 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3450996346234552}}}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q10","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -40.99°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":50.33636201306993,"omega0_rad_s":-0.41114687126249405}}}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q11","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+40.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":40.782971,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7024405964207454}}}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q12","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-38.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-38.938399,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.252613018692529}}}
{"question_id":"video_10443_q13","video_id":"video_10443","video_path":"videos/val/video_10443.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q00","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q01","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q02","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q03","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q04","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q05","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q06","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.8461 to 0.0452 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.355 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q07","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.11141975110932}}}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q08","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-59.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-59.556514,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q09","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0009 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0452 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6554725133070185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q10","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.28°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-59.601476745525034,"omega0_rad_s":-0.015114065552540967}}}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q11","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.004854,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q12","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.67956,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10444_q13","video_id":"video_10444","video_path":"videos/val/video_10444.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q00","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q01","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q02","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q03","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q04","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q05","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q06","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9215 to 0.7740 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.069 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q07","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.11141975110932}}}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q08","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.307526,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q09","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0152 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.7740 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.36915636802694873}}}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q10","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -26.04°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-36.472759919889754,"omega0_rad_s":-0.015114065552540967}}}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q11","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+24.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":24.338322,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q12","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-17.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.539269,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10445_q13","video_id":"video_10445","video_path":"videos/val/video_10445.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q00","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q01","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q02","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.0],"evidence_frames":[19,96],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q03","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q04","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q05","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q06","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6242 to 0.0152 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.355 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q07","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.11141975110932}}}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q08","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.220622,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q09","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0152 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6554725133070185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q10","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":32.1782079359118,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4844462909703381}}}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q11","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.596476,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q12","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.701179,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10446_q13","video_id":"video_10446","video_path":"videos/val/video_10446.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q00","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q01","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q02","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.0],"evidence_frames":[20,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q03","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q04","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q05","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q06","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6373 to 0.0155 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.355 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q07","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.11141975110932}}}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q08","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-18.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.542215,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q09","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0155 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6554725133070185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q10","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.15°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-36.472759919889754,"omega0_rad_s":-0.015114065552540967}}}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q11","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.14698,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q12","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.396513,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":10.030692476154707}}}
{"question_id":"video_10447_q13","video_id":"video_10447","video_path":"videos/val/video_10447.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q00","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q01","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q02","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q03","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q04","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q05","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q06","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.9215 to 0.0182 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.355 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q07","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":68.95648380348855}}}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q08","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.307526,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q09","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0182 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6554725133070185}}}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q10","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.53°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-36.472759919889754,"omega0_rad_s":-0.015114065552540967}}}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q11","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.106655,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q12","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.43523,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10448_q13","video_id":"video_10448","video_path":"videos/val/video_10448.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q00","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q01","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q02","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 9.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,9.666666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,116],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q03","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q04","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q05","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q06","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.3258 to 2.6156 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.069 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q07","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.11141975110932}}}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q08","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-49.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-49.960517,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q09","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0473 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.6156 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.36870643237343387}}}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q10","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = -0.04°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-55.30692476154708,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3575570327762705}}}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q11","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.608776,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.547456795011505}}}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q12","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-25.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-25.961784,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.012512515545483}}}
{"question_id":"video_10449_q13","video_id":"video_10449","video_path":"videos/val/video_10449.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q00","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q01","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q02","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q03","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q04","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q05","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q06","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.4618 to 0.0110 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.438 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q07","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.21984977030219}}}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q08","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+42.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":42.575015,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q09","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0110 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7380963054319463}}}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q10","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":49.6431073058676,"omega0_rad_s":0.09206561141990904}}}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q11","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.241497,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q12","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.936421,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10450_q13","video_id":"video_10450","video_path":"videos/val/video_10450.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q00","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q01","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q02","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q03","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q04","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q05","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q06","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7076 to 0.4209 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.040 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q07","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.21984977030219}}}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q08","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.699409,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q09","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0083 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4209 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.339681956859525}}}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q10","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +18.55°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.828098979217057,"omega0_rad_s":0.09206561141990904}}}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q11","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.922557,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q12","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.713364,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10451_q13","video_id":"video_10451","video_path":"videos/val/video_10451.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q00","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q01","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q02","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q03","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q04","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q05","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q06","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7061 to 0.0023 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.438 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q07","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.21984977030219}}}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q08","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.481744,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q09","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0023 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7380963054319463}}}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q10","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.55°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.462479183373645,"omega0_rad_s":0.41745899286255683}}}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q11","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.745814,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q12","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.316797,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10452_q13","video_id":"video_10452","video_path":"videos/val/video_10452.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q00","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q01","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q02","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 11.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,11.75],"evidence_frames":[25,141],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q03","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q04","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q05","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q06","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4880 to 0.0014 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.438 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q07","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.21984977030219}}}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q08","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.220098,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q09","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0014 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7380963054319463}}}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q10","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +1.31°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.828098979217057,"omega0_rad_s":0.09206561141990904}}}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q11","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-0.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.649017,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.863710742344128}}}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q12","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.359531,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10453_q13","video_id":"video_10453","video_path":"videos/val/video_10453.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q00","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q01","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q02","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q03","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q04","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q05","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q06","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7076 to 0.0023 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.438 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q07","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":116.30120766963134}}}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q08","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.699409,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q09","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0023 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7380963054319463}}}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q10","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.828098979217057,"omega0_rad_s":0.09206561141990904}}}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q11","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.995034,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q12","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.823635,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10454_q13","video_id":"video_10454","video_path":"videos/val/video_10454.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q00","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q01","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q02","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q03","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q04","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q05","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q06","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.1270 to 1.8191 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.092 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q07","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.21984977030219}}}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q08","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-3.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.306496,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q09","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0361 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.8191 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3923132301234132}}}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q10","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -28.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":48.27748751002419,"omega0_rad_s":0.3039671942900455}}}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q11","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+28.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":28.586774,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8299729936022615}}}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q12","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-19.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.745741,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.772412012398448}}}
{"question_id":"video_10455_q13","video_id":"video_10455","video_path":"videos/val/video_10455.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q00","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q01","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q02","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.25],"evidence_frames":[19,87],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q03","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q04","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q05","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q06","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.4418 to 0.4670 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.171 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q07","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.64591719498546}}}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q08","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-55.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-55.494472,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q09","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0091 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4670 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4707200975568714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q10","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -22.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-56.68473786621023,"omega0_rad_s":0.19924528839235905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q11","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+20.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.421074,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q12","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-19.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.97067,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10456_q13","video_id":"video_10456","video_path":"videos/val/video_10456.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q00","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q01","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q02","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[30,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q03","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q04","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q05","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q06","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5272 to 1.3352 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.010 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q07","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.64591719498546}}}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q08","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.819645,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q09","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0261 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.3352 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31020754569210124}}}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q10","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -30.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.18343803854445,"omega0_rad_s":0.19924528839235905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q11","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+29.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.830401,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q12","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-19.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.266992,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10457_q13","video_id":"video_10457","video_path":"videos/val/video_10457.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q00","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q01","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q02","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q03","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q04","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q05","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q06","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2705 to 0.1360 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.171 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q07","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.64591719498546}}}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q08","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-8.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.587014,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q09","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0027 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1360 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4707200975568714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q10","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.12°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-28.74675043083556,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3504716947547756}}}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q11","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.538846,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q12","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.971802,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10458_q13","video_id":"video_10458","video_path":"videos/val/video_10458.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q00","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q01","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q02","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.50 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.5],"evidence_frames":[21,102],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q03","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q04","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q05","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q06","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.2371 to 0.2284 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.171 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q07","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.64591719498546}}}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q08","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+29.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.888308,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q09","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0041 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2284 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4707200975568714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q10","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.18343803854445,"omega0_rad_s":0.19924528839235905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q11","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.350081,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8202515705781668}}}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q12","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.368387,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10459_q13","video_id":"video_10459","video_path":"videos/val/video_10459.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q00","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q01","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q02","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q03","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q04","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q05","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q06","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5272 to 0.1628 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.171 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q07","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":64.87804518235696}}}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q08","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.819645,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q09","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0032 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1628 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4707200975568714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q10","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -16.10°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-32.18343803854445,"omega0_rad_s":0.19924528839235905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q11","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+14.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.84428,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q12","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.649467,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10460_q13","video_id":"video_10460","video_path":"videos/val/video_10460.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q00","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q01","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q02","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,7.0],"evidence_frames":[21,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q03","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q04","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q05","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q06","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.9462 to 4.8500 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.016 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q07","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.64591719498546}}}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q08","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+34.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":34.121047,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q09","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0899 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.8500 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3159200278733918}}}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q10","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +49.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-53.24805025850134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.2503773558038205}}}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q11","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-48.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-47.998307,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6749891921930211}}}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q12","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+47.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":47.179375,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.132311509251403}}}
{"question_id":"video_10461_q13","video_id":"video_10461","video_path":"videos/val/video_10461.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q00","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q01","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q02","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q03","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q04","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q05","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q06","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.0898 to 0.1110 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.253 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q07","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.7868675509047}}}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q08","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+33.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":33.299536,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q09","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0022 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1110 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.553343889681799}}}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q10","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +15.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":46.726368426552796,"omega0_rad_s":-0.09357503463519379}}}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q11","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-13.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.780841,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q12","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+7.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.328241,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10462_q13","video_id":"video_10462","video_path":"videos/val/video_10462.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q00","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q01","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q02","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,7.0],"evidence_frames":[30,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q03","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q04","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q05","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q06","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4604 to 0.1402 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.091 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q07","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.7868675509047}}}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q08","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.07125,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q09","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0027 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1402 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3907331345246783}}}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q10","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.03°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":17.53877709787176,"omega0_rad_s":-0.09357503463519379}}}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q11","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-11.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.666708,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q12","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.801414,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10463_q13","video_id":"video_10463","video_path":"videos/val/video_10463.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q00","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q01","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q02","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[28,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q03","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q04","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q05","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q06","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5725 to 0.0200 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.253 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q07","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.7868675509047}}}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q08","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+13.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.194353,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q09","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0200 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.553343889681799}}}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q10","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.79°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-17.031021678297407,"omega0_rad_s":0.5334843966469961}}}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q11","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.492453,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q12","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.21°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.207675,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10464_q13","video_id":"video_10464","video_path":"videos/val/video_10464.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q00","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q01","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q02","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[27,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q03","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q04","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q05","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q06","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5437 to 0.0195 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.253 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q07","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.7868675509047}}}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q08","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.897481,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q09","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0195 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.553343889681799}}}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q10","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.49°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":17.53877709787176,"omega0_rad_s":-0.09357503463519379}}}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q11","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.556811,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q12","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.677984,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.921861300697843}}}
{"question_id":"video_10465_q13","video_id":"video_10465","video_path":"videos/val/video_10465.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q00","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q01","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q02","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q03","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q04","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q05","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q06","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4604 to 0.0166 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.253 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q07","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":112.18913609890146}}}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q08","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.07125,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q09","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0166 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.553343889681799}}}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q10","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.22°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":17.53877709787176,"omega0_rad_s":-0.09357503463519379}}}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q11","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.597947,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q12","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.684957,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10466_q13","video_id":"video_10466","video_path":"videos/val/video_10466.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q00","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q01","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q02","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q03","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q04","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q05","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q06","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.4536 to 2.6410 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.040 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q07","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":69.7868675509047}}}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q08","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+41.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":41.738083,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q09","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0485 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.6410 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33952682562337116}}}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q10","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +24.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":46.218613006978444,"omega0_rad_s":-0.39678751731759687}}}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q11","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-21.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.775447,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5200053907837776}}}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q12","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+37.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":37.483302,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.892211006104366}}}
{"question_id":"video_10467_q13","video_id":"video_10467","video_path":"videos/val/video_10467.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q00","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q01","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q02","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q03","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q04","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q05","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q06","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.0118 to 0.0486 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.336 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q07","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66939368272527}}}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q08","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-50.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-50.655387,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q09","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0009 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0486 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6359676818067242}}}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q10","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.60°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-53.767998986895485,"omega0_rad_s":0.013604642337256223}}}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q11","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.427537,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q12","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-6.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.025584,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10468_q13","video_id":"video_10468","video_path":"videos/val/video_10468.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q00","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q01","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q02","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q03","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q04","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q05","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q06","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1399 to 0.5106 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.061 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q07","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66939368272527}}}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q08","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.199049,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q09","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0100 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5106 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3612587233572545}}}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q10","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -21.59°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.894116157199242,"omega0_rad_s":0.013604642337256223}}}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q11","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+20.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.662183,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q12","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.631303,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10469_q13","video_id":"video_10469","video_path":"videos/val/video_10469.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q00","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q01","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q02","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q03","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q04","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q05","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q06","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0509 to 0.0126 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.336 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q07","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66939368272527}}}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q08","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.24409,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q09","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0126 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6359676818067242}}}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q10","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.41°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":25.315292925759394,"omega0_rad_s":-0.46649709853921484}}}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q11","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.664113,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q12","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.071595,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10470_q13","video_id":"video_10470","video_path":"videos/val/video_10470.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q00","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q01","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q02","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 7.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,7.75],"evidence_frames":[26,93],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q03","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q04","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q05","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q06","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8291 to 0.0100 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.336 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q07","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66939368272527}}}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q08","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-25.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-25.428667,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q09","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0100 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6359676818067242}}}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q10","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.65°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.894116157199242,"omega0_rad_s":0.013604642337256223}}}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q11","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.95°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.949049,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9092058711789943}}}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q12","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.915335,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10471_q13","video_id":"video_10471","video_path":"videos/val/video_10471.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q00","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q01","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q02","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q03","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q04","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q05","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q06","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1399 to 0.0140 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.336 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q07","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":61.161230229496674}}}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q08","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.199049,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q09","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0140 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6359676818067242}}}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q10","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.14°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.894116157199242,"omega0_rad_s":0.013604642337256223}}}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q11","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.067327,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q12","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.561116,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10472_q13","video_id":"video_10472","video_path":"videos/val/video_10472.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q00","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q01","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q02","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 8.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,8.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,107],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q03","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q04","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q05","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q06","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.6943 to 2.9148 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.063 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q07","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":86.66939368272527}}}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q08","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.47049,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q09","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0579 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.9148 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.36313362337334976}}}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q10","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +29.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-51.189175755455636,"omega0_rad_s":0.34319767883137187}}}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q11","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-30.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-30.127356,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8025215893745372}}}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q12","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+21.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":21.392782,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.65211050295732}}}
{"question_id":"video_10473_q13","video_id":"video_10473","video_path":"videos/val/video_10473.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q00","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q01","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q02","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q03","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q04","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q05","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q06","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.0328 to 0.0205 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.419 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q07","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.98299716286645}}}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q08","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+60.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":60.096425,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q09","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0205 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7185914739316519}}}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q10","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.65°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":60.80962954723805,"omega0_rad_s":0.12078431930970623}}}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q11","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.574476,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q12","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.904859,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10474_q13","video_id":"video_10474","video_path":"videos/val/video_10474.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q00","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q01","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q02","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.25],"evidence_frames":[19,99],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q03","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q04","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q05","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q06","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1133 to 1.3900 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.032 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q07","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.98299716286645}}}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q08","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.596179,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q09","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0273 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.3900 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3317843121898308}}}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q10","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +29.51°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.24945521652655,"omega0_rad_s":0.12078431930970623}}}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q11","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-27.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.321315,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q12","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+27.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":27.500433,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10475_q13","video_id":"video_10475","video_path":"videos/val/video_10475.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q00","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q01","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q02","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q03","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q04","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q05","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q06","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7188 to 0.0071 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.419 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q07","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.98299716286645}}}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q08","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+15.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.766589,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q09","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0071 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7185914739316519}}}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q10","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.59956417322124,"omega0_rad_s":0.3995098004314336}}}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q11","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.759333,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q12","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.222031,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10476_q13","video_id":"video_10476","video_path":"videos/val/video_10476.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q00","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q01","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q02","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[23,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q03","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q04","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q05","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q06","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.2371 to 0.0127 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.419 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q07","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.98299716286645}}}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q08","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.341012,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q09","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0127 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7185914739316519}}}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q10","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.38°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.24945521652655,"omega0_rad_s":0.12078431930970623}}}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q11","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.540374,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9112418282478982}}}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q12","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.83°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.832186,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10477_q13","video_id":"video_10477","video_path":"videos/val/video_10477.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q00","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q01","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q02","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q03","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q04","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q05","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q06","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.1133 to 0.0088 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.419 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q07","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":121.26605493480342}}}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q08","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.596179,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q09","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0088 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7185914739316519}}}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q10","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":38.24945521652655,"omega0_rad_s":0.12078431930970623}}}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q11","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.511632,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q12","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.08683,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10478_q13","video_id":"video_10478","video_path":"videos/val/video_10478.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q00","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q01","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q02","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q03","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q04","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q05","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q06","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.4059 to 2.0353 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.087 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q07","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":80.98299716286645}}}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q08","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.571436,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q09","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0381 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.0353 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3867404211233291}}}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q10","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -37.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":56.15973850393274,"omega0_rad_s":-0.28960784034514686}}}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q11","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+36.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":36.559958,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6475377879652968}}}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q12","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-32.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-32.78025,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.012009999810285}}}
{"question_id":"video_10479_q13","video_id":"video_10479","video_path":"videos/val/video_10479.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q00","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q01","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q02","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q03","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q04","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q05","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q06","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.6314 to 0.4953 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.151 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q07","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.39470465988475}}}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q08","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-46.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-46.168868,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q09","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0097 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4953 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.45121526605657714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q10","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -22.10°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-50.85126010758074,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1720360037178466}}}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q11","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+19.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.392661,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q12","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-19.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.977467,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10480_q13","video_id":"video_10480","video_path":"videos/val/video_10480.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q00","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q01","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q02","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 3.08 s and 8.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the second time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the second time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[3.0833333333333335,8.666666666666666],"evidence_frames":[37,104],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q03","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q04","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q05","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q06","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It is approximately conserved (0.8356 to 0.8356 J/kg), because γ = 0 and there is no damping.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"approximately conserved","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q07","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.39470465988475}}}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q08","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.715302,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q09","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0165 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.8356 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3}}}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q10","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -23.23°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.604794275854033,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1720360037178466}}}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q11","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+22.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":22.485067,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q12","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.72414,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10481_q13","video_id":"video_10481","video_path":"videos/val/video_10481.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q00","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q01","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q02","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q03","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q04","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q05","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q06","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8766 to 0.1210 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.151 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q07","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.39470465988475}}}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q08","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-8.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.885127,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q09","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0024 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1210 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.45121526605657714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q10","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -11.89°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-21.883835420683226,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5825225023236541}}}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q11","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.363738,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q12","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.478109,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10482_q13","video_id":"video_10482","video_path":"videos/val/video_10482.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q00","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q01","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q02","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q03","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q04","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q05","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q06","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6711 to 0.0894 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.151 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q07","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.39470465988475}}}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q08","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.766837,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q09","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0016 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0894 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.45121526605657714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q10","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.32°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.604794275854033,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1720360037178466}}}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q11","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-11.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.880366,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q12","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.696116,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.413030125240994}}}
{"question_id":"video_10483_q13","video_id":"video_10483","video_path":"videos/val/video_10483.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q00","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q01","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q02","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q03","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q04","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q05","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q06","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8356 to 0.1156 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.151 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q07","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":58.95015258088239}}}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q08","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.715302,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q09","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0023 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1156 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.45121526605657714}}}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q10","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.81°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.604794275854033,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1720360037178466}}}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q11","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.704697,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q12","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.692071,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10484_q13","video_id":"video_10484","video_path":"videos/val/video_10484.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q00","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q01","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q02","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.92 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.9166666666666667,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[23,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q03","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q04","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q05","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q06","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.3518 to 5.5548 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.010 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q07","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":105.39470465988475}}}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q08","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+48.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":48.790102,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q09","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1155 J/kg counterfactual vs 5.5548 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31034721887330774}}}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q10","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.38°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-49.130301252409936,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4360180018589233}}}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q11","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.149459,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9300539865560533}}}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q12","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.567349,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.771909496663241}}}
{"question_id":"video_10485_q13","video_id":"video_10485","video_path":"videos/val/video_10485.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q00","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q01","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q02","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.25],"evidence_frames":[19,99],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q03","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q04","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q05","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q06","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.5981 to 0.2113 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.234 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q07","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":97.6428725555729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q08","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+57.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":57.621112,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q09","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0041 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2113 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5338390581815048}}}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q10","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +18.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":57.89289066792331,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0648563267453966}}}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q11","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.082896,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q12","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+13.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.709989,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10486_q13","video_id":"video_10486","video_path":"videos/val/video_10486.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q00","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q01","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q02","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q03","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q04","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q05","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q06","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6754 to 0.5647 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.083 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q07","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":97.6428725555729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q08","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.681692,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q09","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0111 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5647 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.38283548985498406}}}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q10","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +23.72°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.96013333518134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0648563267453966}}}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q11","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-22.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-22.347154,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q12","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+12.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.551472,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10487_q13","video_id":"video_10487","video_path":"videos/val/video_10487.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q00","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q01","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q02","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 9.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,9.0],"evidence_frames":[29,108],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q03","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q04","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q05","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q06","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4616 to 0.0676 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.234 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q07","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":97.6428725555729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q08","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.271301,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q09","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0013 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0676 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5338390581815048}}}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q10","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -11.77°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-30.16810666814507,"omega0_rad_s":0.5155352042158728}}}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q11","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.814805,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q12","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.050788,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10488_q13","video_id":"video_10488","video_path":"videos/val/video_10488.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q00","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q01","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q02","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[27,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q03","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q04","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q05","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q06","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2792 to 0.0584 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.234 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q07","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":97.6428725555729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q08","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+27.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":27.293397,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q09","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0584 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5338390581815048}}}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q10","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.09°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.96013333518134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0648563267453966}}}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q11","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.267046,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.95470100001386}}}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q12","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.862469,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10489_q13","video_id":"video_10489","video_path":"videos/val/video_10489.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q00","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q01","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q02","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q03","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q04","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q05","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q06","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6754 to 0.0782 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.234 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q07","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":121.0262170901122}}}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q08","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.681692,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q09","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0015 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0782 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5338390581815048}}}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q10","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +13.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.96013333518134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.0648563267453966}}}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q11","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-11.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.583088,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q12","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.008619,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10490_q13","video_id":"video_10490","video_path":"videos/val/video_10490.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q00","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q01","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q02","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q03","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q04","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q05","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q06","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.2607 to 4.6605 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.034 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q07","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":97.6428725555729}}}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q08","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.594736,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q09","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0939 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.6605 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33395401662328705}}}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q10","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -45.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":54.10086400088704,"omega0_rad_s":0.3824281633726983}}}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q11","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+46.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":46.023841,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.775070185146813}}}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q12","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-41.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-41.173614,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.531808993516204}}}
{"question_id":"video_10491_q13","video_id":"video_10491","video_path":"videos/val/video_10491.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q00","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q01","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q02","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q03","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q04","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q05","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q06","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.2384 to 0.0509 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.316 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q07","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.49501524202344}}}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q08","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-36.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-36.910243,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q09","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0509 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.61646285030643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q10","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -12.62°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.934521228266,"omega0_rad_s":0.04232335022705341}}}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q11","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+10.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.612766,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q12","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.240277,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10492_q13","video_id":"video_10492","video_path":"videos/val/video_10492.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q00","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q01","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q02","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[30,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q03","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q04","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q05","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q06","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5531 to 0.2750 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.053 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q07","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.49501524202344}}}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q08","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.924896,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q09","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0054 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2750 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3533610786875603}}}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q10","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.52°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.315472394508824,"omega0_rad_s":0.04232335022705341}}}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q11","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+15.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.178765,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q12","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.897474,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10493_q13","video_id":"video_10493","video_path":"videos/val/video_10493.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q00","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q01","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q02","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 7.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,7.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[28,95],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q03","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q04","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q05","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q06","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6050 to 0.0093 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.316 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q07","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.49501524202344}}}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q08","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-11.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-11.756875,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q09","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0093 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.61646285030643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q10","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":18.45237791560706,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4485479061080916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q11","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.47413,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q12","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.489174,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10494_q13","video_id":"video_10494","video_path":"videos/val/video_10494.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q00","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q01","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q02","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q03","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q04","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q05","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q06","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7203 to 0.0107 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.316 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q07","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.49501524202344}}}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q08","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.905901,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q09","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0107 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.61646285030643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q10","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.34°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.315472394508824,"omega0_rad_s":0.04232335022705341}}}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q11","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.637203,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6272320859176324}}}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q12","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.654328,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10495_q13","video_id":"video_10495","video_path":"videos/val/video_10495.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q00","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q01","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q02","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q03","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q04","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q05","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q06","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5531 to 0.0087 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.316 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q07","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":61.36473379799668}}}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q08","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+4.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.924896,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q09","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0087 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.61646285030643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q10","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.35°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-19.315472394508824,"omega0_rad_s":0.04232335022705341}}}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q11","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.634869,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q12","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.81514,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10496_q13","video_id":"video_10496","video_path":"videos/val/video_10496.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q00","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q01","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q02","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q03","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q04","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q05","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q06","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.5313 to 2.1232 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.058 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q07","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":82.49501524202344}}}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q08","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.373538,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q09","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0407 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.1232 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3575608143732657}}}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q10","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +35.59°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.071426749364235,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3288383248864733}}}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q11","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-35.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-35.694135,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6200863837375725}}}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q12","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+30.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":30.748528,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.89170849036916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10497_q13","video_id":"video_10497","video_path":"videos/val/video_10497.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q00","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q01","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q02","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q03","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q04","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q05","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q06","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.1910 to 0.0222 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.399 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q07","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.27071595434754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q08","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+53.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":53.914594,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q09","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0222 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6990866424313577}}}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q10","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.83°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":54.97615178860857,"omega0_rad_s":0.1495030271995006}}}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q11","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.815416,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q12","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.588695,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10498_q13","video_id":"video_10498","video_path":"videos/val/video_10498.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q00","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q01","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q02","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q03","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q04","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q05","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q06","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2974 to 0.9480 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.024 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q07","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.27071595434754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q08","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.189969,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q09","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0187 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.9480 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32388666752013734}}}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q10","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +25.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.67081145383613,"omega0_rad_s":0.1495030271995006}}}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q11","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-24.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.526762,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q12","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+17.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.529282,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10499_q13","video_id":"video_10499","video_path":"videos/val/video_10499.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q00","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q01","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q02","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q03","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q04","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q05","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q06","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1216 to 0.0060 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.399 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q07","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.27071595434754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q08","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.418744,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q09","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0060 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6990866424313577}}}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q10","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.33°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.736649163068904,"omega0_rad_s":0.3815606080003121}}}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q11","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.243092,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q12","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.885522,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10500_q13","video_id":"video_10500","video_path":"videos/val/video_10500.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q00","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q01","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q02","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 11.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,11.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[28,142],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q03","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q04","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q05","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q06","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5960 to 0.0081 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.399 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q07","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.27071595434754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q08","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.936103,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q09","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0081 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6990866424313577}}}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q10","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -5.19°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.67081145383613,"omega0_rad_s":0.1495030271995006}}}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q11","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.983498,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q12","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.331027,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.504198949784133}}}
{"question_id":"video_10501_q13","video_id":"video_10501","video_path":"videos/val/video_10501.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q00","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q01","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q02","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q03","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q04","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q05","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q06","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2974 to 0.0070 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.399 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q07","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":119.07568857356446}}}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q08","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.189969,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q09","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0070 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6990866424313577}}}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q10","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":29.67081145383613,"omega0_rad_s":0.1495030271995006}}}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q11","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.774862,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q12","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.606594,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10502_q13","video_id":"video_10502","video_path":"videos/val/video_10502.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q00","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q01","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q02","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.666666666666666],"evidence_frames":[21,128],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q03","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q04","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q05","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q06","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.7529 to 2.3696 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.081 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q07","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.27071595434754}}}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q08","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-52.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-52.370794,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q09","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0455 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.3696 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.381167612123245}}}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q10","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -30.35°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.04198949784134,"omega0_rad_s":-0.2752484864002497}}}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q11","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+28.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":28.151198,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.902602582328329}}}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q12","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-19.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.373055,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.651607987222123}}}
{"question_id":"video_10503_q13","video_id":"video_10503","video_path":"videos/val/video_10503.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q00","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q01","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q02","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q03","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q04","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q05","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q06","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.8857 to 0.0052 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.482 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q07","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.15393903955554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q08","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-32.55°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-32.545989,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q09","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0052 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7817104345562829}}}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q10","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.13°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.01778234895114,"omega0_rad_s":-0.14331729582804942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q11","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.728021,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q12","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.007162,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10504_q13","video_id":"video_10504","video_path":"videos/val/video_10504.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q00","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q01","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q02","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q03","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q04","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q05","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q06","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3457 to 0.0883 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.104 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q07","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.15393903955554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q08","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.884604,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q09","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0017 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0883 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40441225635271355}}}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q10","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.99°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.026150513163437,"omega0_rad_s":-0.14331729582804942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q11","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+9.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.386249,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q12","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.247918,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10505_q13","video_id":"video_10505","video_path":"videos/val/video_10505.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q00","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q01","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q02","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 8.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,8.25],"evidence_frames":[20,99],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q03","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q04","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q05","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q06","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4946 to 0.0009 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.482 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q07","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.15393903955554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q08","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.571825,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q09","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0009 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7817104345562829}}}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q10","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.24°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.02092041053075,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5645733098925309}}}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q11","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.625863,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q12","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.099732,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10506_q13","video_id":"video_10506","video_path":"videos/val/video_10506.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q00","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q01","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q02","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 10.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,10.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[25,127],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q03","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q04","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q05","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q06","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.2224 to 0.0004 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.482 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q07","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.15393903955554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q08","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+13.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.634776,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q09","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0004 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7817104345562829}}}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q10","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.026150513163437,"omega0_rad_s":-0.14331729582804942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q11","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.562086,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8126961288487258}}}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q12","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.119881,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10507_q13","video_id":"video_10507","video_path":"videos/val/video_10507.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q00","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q01","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q02","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q03","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q04","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q05","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q06","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.3457 to 0.0006 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.482 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q07","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.47972204017656}}}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q08","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.884604,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q09","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0006 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7817104345562829}}}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q10","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -2.18°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-15.026150513163437,"omega0_rad_s":-0.14331729582804942}}}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q11","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+1.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.695284,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q12","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.535447,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10508_q13","video_id":"video_10508","video_path":"videos/val/video_10508.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q00","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q01","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q02","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,131],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q03","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q04","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q05","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q06","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.0942 to 1.3010 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.105 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q07","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.15393903955554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q08","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-29.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.47351,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q09","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0254 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.3010 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40477440987322366}}}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q10","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.59°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-45.01255224631845,"omega0_rad_s":0.42165864791402474}}}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q11","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.633007,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7476187809190886}}}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q12","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.129254,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.411507484075079}}}
{"question_id":"video_10509_q13","video_id":"video_10509","video_path":"videos/val/video_10509.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q00","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q01","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q02","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q03","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q04","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q05","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q06","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.7790 to 0.2253 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.214 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q07","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.2983673698548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q08","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+46.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":46.814566,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q09","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0044 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2253 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5143342266812105}}}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q10","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.25°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":52.059412909293826,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03613761885559938}}}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q11","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-16.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.804118,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q12","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+12.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.638581,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10510_q13","video_id":"video_10510","video_path":"videos/val/video_10510.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q00","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q01","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q02","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q03","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q04","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q05","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q06","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9476 to 0.3550 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.075 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q07","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.2983673698548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q08","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.217929,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q09","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0070 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3550 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.37493784518528983}}}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q10","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +18.70°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":25.38148957249092,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03613761885559938}}}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q11","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.919561,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q12","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.606153,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10511_q13","video_id":"video_10511","video_path":"videos/val/video_10511.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q00","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q01","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q02","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q03","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q04","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q05","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q06","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9242 to 0.0549 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.214 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q07","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.2983673698548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q08","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.909989,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q09","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0010 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0549 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5143342266812105}}}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q10","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.65°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-23.305191657992737,"omega0_rad_s":0.4975860117847496}}}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q11","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+9.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.076186,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q12","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.288549,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10512_q13","video_id":"video_10512","video_path":"videos/val/video_10512.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q00","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q01","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q02","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[21,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q03","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q04","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q05","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q06","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3029 to 0.0795 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.214 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q07","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.2983673698548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q08","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-23.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.345606,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q09","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0016 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0795 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5143342266812105}}}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q10","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.06°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":25.38148957249092,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03613761885559938}}}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q11","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.752881,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7182223435873638}}}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q12","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.306176,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10513_q13","video_id":"video_10513","video_path":"videos/val/video_10513.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q00","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q01","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q02","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q03","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q04","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q05","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q06","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9476 to 0.0572 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.214 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q07","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":116.09638061196848}}}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q08","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.217929,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q09","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0011 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0572 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5143342266812105}}}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q10","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +10.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":25.38148957249092,"omega0_rad_s":-0.03613761885559938}}}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q11","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-9.60°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.598461,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q12","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.446304,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10514_q13","video_id":"video_10514","video_path":"videos/val/video_10514.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q00","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q01","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q02","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,122],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q03","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q04","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q05","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q06","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.9507 to 3.4030 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.028 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q07","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":78.2983673698548}}}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q08","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.858017,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q09","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0662 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.4030 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.328381207623203}}}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q10","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -39.17°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":49.98311499479564,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3680688094277997}}}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q11","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+40.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":40.116929,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5926349795098451}}}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q12","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-36.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-36.177154,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.771406980928043}}}
{"question_id":"video_10515_q13","video_id":"video_10515","video_path":"videos/val/video_10515.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q00","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q01","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q02","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q03","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q04","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q05","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q06","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.7748 to 0.0959 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.297 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q07","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.6199996261471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q08","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-59.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-59.103834,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q09","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0019 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0959 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5969580188061356}}}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q10","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.27°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-59.101043469636394,"omega0_rad_s":0.0710420581168478}}}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q11","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+12.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.837549,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q12","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.322637,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10516_q13","video_id":"video_10516","video_path":"videos/val/video_10516.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q00","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q01","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q02","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q03","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q04","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q05","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q06","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8497 to 1.0169 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.045 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q07","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.6199996261471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q08","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.478678,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q09","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0200 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.0169 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34546343401786683}}}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q10","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -28.36°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.73682863181823,"omega0_rad_s":0.0710420581168478}}}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q11","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+26.90°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":26.90074,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q12","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-19.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.555048,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10517_q13","video_id":"video_10517","video_path":"videos/val/video_10517.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q00","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q01","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q02","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q03","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q04","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q05","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q06","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5463 to 0.0312 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.297 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q07","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.6199996261471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q08","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.366633,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q09","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0312 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5969580188061356}}}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q10","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":31.58946290545458,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4305987136769701}}}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q11","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-8.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.413403,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q12","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.095516,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10518_q13","video_id":"video_10518","video_path":"videos/val/video_10518.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q00","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q01","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q02","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.0],"evidence_frames":[20,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q03","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q04","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q05","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q06","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5709 to 0.0319 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.297 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q07","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.6199996261471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q08","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-19.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.057866,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q09","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0319 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5969580188061356}}}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q10","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.02°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.73682863181823,"omega0_rad_s":0.0710420581168478}}}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q11","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.085813,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q12","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.628599,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.995367774327274}}}
{"question_id":"video_10519_q13","video_id":"video_10519","video_path":"videos/val/video_10519.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q00","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q01","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q02","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q03","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q04","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q05","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q06","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8497 to 0.0377 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.297 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q07","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":64.99878123506151}}}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q08","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-9.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.478678,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q09","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0377 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5969580188061356}}}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q10","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -10.62°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.73682863181823,"omega0_rad_s":0.0710420581168478}}}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q11","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+9.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.152529,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q12","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.99°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.991774,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10520_q13","video_id":"video_10520","video_path":"videos/val/video_10520.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q00","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q01","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q02","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 10.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,10.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[22,130],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q03","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q04","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q05","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q06","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (7.3132 to 3.7455 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.052 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q07","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":99.6199996261471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q08","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+52.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":52.970101,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q09","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0765 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.7455 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.35198800537318164}}}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q10","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +23.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-54.95367774327275,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3144789709415761}}}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q11","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-19.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.739862,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8751511781006047}}}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q12","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.67337,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.531306477780998}}}
{"question_id":"video_10521_q13","video_id":"video_10521","video_path":"videos/val/video_10521.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q00","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q01","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q02","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q03","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q04","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q05","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q06","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.4084 to 0.0234 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.380 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q07","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":79.65802941952118}}}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q08","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+42.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":42.511571,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q09","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0234 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6795818109310634}}}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q10","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +9.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":49.142674029979084,"omega0_rad_s":0.17822173508930064}}}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q11","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.91°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.909241,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q12","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.22094,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10522_q13","video_id":"video_10522","video_path":"videos/val/video_10522.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q00","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q01","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q02","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q03","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q04","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q05","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q06","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6731 to 0.5460 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.016 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q07","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":79.65802941952118}}}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q08","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.293085,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q09","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0108 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.5460 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31598902285044234}}}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q10","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.69°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.09216769114571,"omega0_rad_s":0.17822173508930064}}}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q11","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-19.03°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.032093,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q12","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.979043,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10523_q13","video_id":"video_10523","video_path":"videos/val/video_10523.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q00","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q01","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q02","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q03","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q04","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q05","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q06","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6504 to 0.0045 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.380 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q07","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":79.65802941952118}}}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q08","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.119618,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q09","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0045 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6795818109310634}}}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q10","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.38°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.87373415291657,"omega0_rad_s":0.3636114155691871}}}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q11","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.515407,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q12","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.586083,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10524_q13","video_id":"video_10524","video_path":"videos/val/video_10524.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q00","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q01","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q02","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 11.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,11.666666666666666],"evidence_frames":[25,140],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q03","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q04","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q05","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q06","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4587 to 0.0029 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.380 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q07","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":79.65802941952118}}}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q08","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.671878,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q09","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0029 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6795818109310634}}}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q10","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +1.83°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.09216769114571,"omega0_rad_s":0.17822173508930064}}}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q11","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-1.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.997975,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8581912576835928}}}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q12","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.010173,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10525_q13","video_id":"video_10525","video_path":"videos/val/video_10525.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q00","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q01","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q02","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q03","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q04","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q05","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q06","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6731 to 0.0047 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.380 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q07","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":114.41086174655626}}}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q08","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-0.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.293085,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q09","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0047 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6795818109310634}}}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q10","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +4.59°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":21.09216769114571,"omega0_rad_s":0.17822173508930064}}}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q11","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.765359,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q12","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.22546,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10526_q13","video_id":"video_10526","video_path":"videos/val/video_10526.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q00","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q01","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q02","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.75 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.75],"evidence_frames":[20,93],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q03","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q04","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q05","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q06","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.4709 to 2.0485 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.076 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q07","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":79.65802941952118}}}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q08","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+17.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":17.452991,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q09","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0418 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.0485 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.37559480312316096}}}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q10","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -22.67°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":47.92424049174994,"omega0_rad_s":0.26088913245534967}}}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q11","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+24.17°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":24.170797,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7201673766913643}}}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q12","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-9.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-9.252908,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.291205974633963}}}
{"question_id":"video_10527_q13","video_id":"video_10527","video_path":"videos/val/video_10527.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q00","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q01","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q02","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q03","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q04","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q05","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q06","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.3571 to 0.0100 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.462 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q07","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.76363186106022}}}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q08","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-55.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-55.650193,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q09","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0100 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7622056030559885}}}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q10","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.84°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-56.18430459032165,"omega0_rad_s":-0.11459858793825223}}}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q11","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.049439,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q12","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.27351,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10528_q13","video_id":"video_10528","video_path":"videos/val/video_10528.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q00","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q01","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q02","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q03","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q04","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q05","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q06","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4475 to 0.4084 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.097 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q07","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.76363186106022}}}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q08","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.574091,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q09","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0080 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4084 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3965146116830193}}}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q10","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -20.70°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.447506750473018,"omega0_rad_s":-0.11459858793825223}}}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q11","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+19.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.226873,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q12","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-10.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.843871,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10529_q13","video_id":"video_10529","video_path":"videos/val/video_10529.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q00","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q01","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q02","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q03","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q04","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q05","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q06","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3104 to 0.0031 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.462 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q07","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.76363186106022}}}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q08","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-12.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.675647,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q09","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0031 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7622056030559885}}}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q10","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.31°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-28.158005400378414,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5466241174614076}}}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q11","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.260876,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q12","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.708216,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10530_q13","video_id":"video_10530","video_path":"videos/val/video_10530.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q00","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q01","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q02","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 7.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,7.333333333333333],"evidence_frames":[22,88],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q03","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q04","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q05","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q06","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0993 to 0.0044 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.462 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q07","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.76363186106022}}}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q08","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+27.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":27.344347,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q09","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0044 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7622056030559885}}}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q10","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +1.26°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.447506750473018,"omega0_rad_s":-0.11459858793825223}}}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q11","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-0.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.560953,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8092126012570953}}}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q12","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.76,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10531_q13","video_id":"video_10531","video_path":"videos/val/video_10531.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q00","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q01","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q02","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q03","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q04","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q05","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q06","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4475 to 0.0034 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.462 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q07","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":62.165787457409884}}}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q08","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.574091,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q09","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0034 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7622056030559885}}}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q10","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.81°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-31.447506750473018,"omega0_rad_s":-0.11459858793825223}}}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q11","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.792243,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q12","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.22773,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10532_q13","video_id":"video_10532","video_path":"videos/val/video_10532.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q00","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q01","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q02","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.25],"evidence_frames":[21,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q03","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q04","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q05","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q06","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.3671 to 1.4566 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.099 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q07","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":75.76363186106022}}}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q08","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+18.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":18.560615,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q09","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0288 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.4566 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3992016008731396}}}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q10","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +32.75°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-52.89480324022705,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4072992939691261}}}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q11","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-32.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-32.423111,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5651835752821208}}}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q12","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+24.62°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":24.616997,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":12.651105471486916}}}
{"question_id":"video_10533_q13","video_id":"video_10533","video_path":"videos/val/video_10533.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q00","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q01","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q02","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q03","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q04","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q05","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q06","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.0233 to 0.2337 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.195 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q07","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.36026618866333}}}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q08","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+33.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":33.160136,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q09","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0046 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2337 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49482939518091623}}}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q10","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.36°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":46.22593515066422,"omega0_rad_s":-0.00741891096580502}}}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q11","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.119223,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q12","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+11.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.289933,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10534_q13","video_id":"video_10534","video_path":"videos/val/video_10534.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q00","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q01","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q02","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q03","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q04","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q05","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q06","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4189 to 0.1741 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.067 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q07","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.36026618866333}}}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q08","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.606522,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q09","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0034 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1741 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3670402005155964}}}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q10","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.77°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.802845809800324,"omega0_rad_s":-0.00741891096580502}}}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q11","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-12.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.410047,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q12","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.87°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.870938,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10535_q13","video_id":"video_10535","video_path":"videos/val/video_10535.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q00","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q01","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q02","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[28,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q03","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q04","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q05","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q06","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5162 to 0.0392 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.195 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q07","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.36026618866333}}}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q08","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.40°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.400774,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q09","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0007 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0392 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49482939518091623}}}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q10","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.09°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-16.44227664784026,"omega0_rad_s":0.4796368193536281}}}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q11","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.883239,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q12","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.426765,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10536_q13","video_id":"video_10536","video_path":"videos/val/video_10536.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q00","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q01","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q02","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.33 s and 8.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.3333333333333335,8.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[28,100],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q03","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q04","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q05","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q06","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4941 to 0.0385 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.195 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q07","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.36026618866333}}}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q08","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.522358,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q09","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0008 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0385 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49482939518091623}}}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q10","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -4.84°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.802845809800324,"omega0_rad_s":-0.00741891096580502}}}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q11","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.784839,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q12","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.58°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.576658,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.886536598870416}}}
{"question_id":"video_10537_q13","video_id":"video_10537","video_path":"videos/val/video_10537.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q00","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q01","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q02","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q03","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q04","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q05","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q06","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4189 to 0.0327 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.195 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q07","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.08510620716818}}}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q08","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-4.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.606522,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q09","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0327 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.49482939518091623}}}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q10","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.61°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":16.802845809800324,"omega0_rad_s":-0.00741891096580502}}}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q11","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.979543,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q12","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.320159,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10538_q13","video_id":"video_10538","video_path":"videos/val/video_10538.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q00","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q01","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q02","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 8.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,8.25],"evidence_frames":[21,99],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q03","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q04","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q05","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q06","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.1529 to 3.8408 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.023 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q07","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.36026618866333}}}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q08","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-40.37°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-40.372226,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q09","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0714 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.8408 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32280839862311894}}}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q10","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -38.51°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":45.865365988704156,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3537094554829025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q11","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+37.01°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":37.005594,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8476997738728804}}}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q12","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-29.25°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.254373,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.411004968339881}}}
{"question_id":"video_10539_q13","video_id":"video_10539","video_path":"videos/val/video_10539.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q00","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q01","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q02","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q03","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q04","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q05","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q06","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.9478 to 0.1029 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.277 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q07","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.22624196657277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q08","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-49.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-49.050354,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q09","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0020 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1029 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5774531873058415}}}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q10","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-53.26756571100691,"omega0_rad_s":0.09976076600664784}}}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q11","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.447096,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q12","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-8.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.382982,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10540_q13","video_id":"video_10540","video_path":"videos/val/video_10540.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q00","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q01","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q02","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[30,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q03","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q04","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q05","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q06","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0865 to 0.6638 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.038 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q07","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.22624196657277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q08","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.01665,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q09","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0130 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.6638 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33756578934817183}}}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q10","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -23.30°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.15818486912781,"omega0_rad_s":0.09976076600664784}}}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q11","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+22.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":22.688888,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q12","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-10.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.002872,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10541_q13","video_id":"video_10541","video_path":"videos/val/video_10541.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q00","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q01","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q02","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q03","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q04","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q05","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q06","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.9846 to 0.0256 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.277 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q07","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.22624196657277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q08","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-8.86°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-8.860452,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q09","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0256 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5774531873058415}}}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q10","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.94°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.726547895302247,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4126495212458451}}}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q11","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.183632,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q12","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.21826,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10542_q13","video_id":"video_10542","video_path":"videos/val/video_10542.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q00","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q01","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q02","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.17 s and 9.42 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.1666666666666665,9.416666666666666],"evidence_frames":[26,113],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q03","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q04","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q05","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q06","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7845 to 0.0200 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.277 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q07","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.22624196657277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q08","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-22.35°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-22.354687,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q09","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0200 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5774531873058415}}}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q10","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +2.06°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.15818486912781,"omega0_rad_s":0.09976076600664784}}}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q11","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.651314,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9036863865184586}}}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q12","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.500386,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10543_q13","video_id":"video_10543","video_path":"videos/val/video_10543.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q00","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q01","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q02","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q03","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q04","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q05","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q06","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.0865 to 0.0286 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.277 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q07","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":63.83401321354843}}}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q08","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.01665,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q09","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0006 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0286 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5774531873058415}}}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q10","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -8.80°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-27.15818486912781,"omega0_rad_s":0.09976076600664784}}}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q11","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.74°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.741301,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q12","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.71°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.705712,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10544_q13","video_id":"video_10544","video_path":"videos/val/video_10544.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q00","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q01","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q02","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 8.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,8.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,106],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q03","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q04","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q05","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q06","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.9748 to 3.2674 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.046 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q07","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":95.22624196657277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q08","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-26.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-26.961154,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q09","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0646 J/kg counterfactual vs 3.2674 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.34641519637309753}}}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q10","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +22.53°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-50.83592873718135,"omega0_rad_s":0.3001196169966761}}}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q11","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-24.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.285988,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.69271597246364}}}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q12","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+9.44°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.441227,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.170904465192836}}}
{"question_id":"video_10545_q13","video_id":"video_10545","video_path":"videos/val/video_10545.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q00","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q01","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"near a turning point","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"near a turning point","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q02","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q03","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q04","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q05","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q06","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.9696 to 0.0436 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.360 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q07","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.95966702418279}}}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q08","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+60.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":60.415039,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q09","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0008 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0436 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.660076979430769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q10","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":60.30919627134948,"omega0_rad_s":-0.193059557020905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q11","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.302666,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q12","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.223259,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10546_q13","video_id":"video_10546","video_path":"videos/val/video_10546.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q00","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q01","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q02","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q03","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q04","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q05","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q06","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0472 to 0.4342 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.118 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q07","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.95966702418279}}}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q08","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.767104,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q09","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0085 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4342 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4180913781807489}}}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q10","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +22.82°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":37.513523928455115,"omega0_rad_s":-0.193059557020905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q11","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-21.27°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-21.269095,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q12","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+11.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.136869,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10547_q13","video_id":"video_10547","video_path":"videos/val/video_10547.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q00","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q01","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q02","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q03","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q04","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q05","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q06","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7611 to 0.0157 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.360 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q07","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.95966702418279}}}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q08","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+19.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.731326,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q09","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0157 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.660076979430769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q10","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.45°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.01081914276409,"omega0_rad_s":0.5956622231380656}}}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q11","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.92°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.922251,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q12","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.47668,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10548_q13","video_id":"video_10548","video_path":"videos/val/video_10548.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q00","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q01","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q02","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[22,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q03","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q04","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q05","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q06","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.1269 to 0.0250 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.360 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q07","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.95966702418279}}}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q08","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-16.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.540394,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q09","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0005 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0250 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.660076979430769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q10","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot (θ = +0.60°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":37.513523928455115,"omega0_rad_s":-0.193059557020905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q11","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-1.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.066516,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9002028589268267}}}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q12","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.20°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.197906,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10549_q13","video_id":"video_10549","video_path":"videos/val/video_10549.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q00","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q01","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q02","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q03","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q04","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q05","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q06","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.0472 to 0.0182 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.360 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q07","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":126.79974905369114}}}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q08","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.767104,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q09","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0182 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.660076979430769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q10","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +8.66°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":37.513523928455115,"omega0_rad_s":-0.193059557020905}}}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q11","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-7.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.286441,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q12","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.002569,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10550_q13","video_id":"video_10550","video_path":"videos/val/video_10550.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q00","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q01","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q02","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.25],"evidence_frames":[19,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q03","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q04","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q05","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q06","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.8552 to 2.7411 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.070 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q07","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.95966702418279}}}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q08","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+41.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":41.048843,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q09","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0546 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.7411 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3700219941230769}}}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q10","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +37.88°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":55.806491485658455,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4465297785104525}}}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q11","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-35.69°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-35.687019,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5377321710543965}}}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q12","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+31.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":31.418113,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.9308039620458}}}
{"question_id":"video_10551_q13","video_id":"video_10551","video_path":"videos/val/video_10551.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q00","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q01","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q02","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q03","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q04","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q05","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q06","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.5541 to 0.0106 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.443 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q07","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.08818426253154}}}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q08","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-44.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-44.115793,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q09","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0106 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7427007715556944}}}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q10","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -7.87°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-50.35082683169217,"omega0_rad_s":-0.08587988004845781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q11","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+6.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.181932,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q12","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.93°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.92937,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10552_q13","video_id":"video_10552","video_path":"videos/val/video_10552.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q00","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q01","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q02","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q03","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q04","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q05","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q06","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7748 to 0.2429 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.089 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q07","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.08818426253154}}}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q08","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.364068,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q09","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0048 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2429 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3886169670133259}}}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q10","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.95°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.8688629877826,"omega0_rad_s":-0.08587988004845781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q11","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+15.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.101009,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q12","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-5.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.818367,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10553_q13","video_id":"video_10553","video_path":"videos/val/video_10553.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q00","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q01","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q02","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q03","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q04","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q05","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q06","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8096 to 0.0025 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.443 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q07","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.08818426253154}}}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q08","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-7.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.33338,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q09","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0025 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7427007715556944}}}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q10","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.62°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-21.29509039022608,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5286749250302861}}}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q11","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+2.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.757532,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q12","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.510601,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10554_q13","video_id":"video_10554","video_path":"videos/val/video_10554.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q00","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q01","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q02","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,136],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q03","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q04","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q05","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q06","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6180 to 0.0017 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.443 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q07","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.08818426253154}}}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q08","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+0.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.669084,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q09","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0017 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7427007715556944}}}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q10","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.67°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.8688629877826,"omega0_rad_s":-0.08587988004845781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q11","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-3.10°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.098636,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q12","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.04°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.037815,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.377705423413564}}}
{"question_id":"video_10555_q13","video_id":"video_10555","video_path":"videos/val/video_10555.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q00","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q01","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q02","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q03","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q04","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q05","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q06","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7748 to 0.0023 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.443 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q07","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":63.47226496689879}}}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q08","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+1.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.364068,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q09","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0000 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0023 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7427007715556944}}}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q10","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -3.83°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.8688629877826,"omega0_rad_s":-0.08587988004845781}}}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q11","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+3.07°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.069412,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q12","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.842848,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10556_q13","video_id":"video_10556","video_path":"videos/val/video_10556.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q00","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q01","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q02","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[22,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q03","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q04","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q05","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q06","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.6636 to 1.7053 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.094 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q07","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":102.08818426253154}}}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q08","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+49.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":49.276724,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q09","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0335 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.7053 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3936287918730555}}}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q10","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +27.38°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-48.77705423413565,"omega0_rad_s":-0.39293994002422894}}}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q11","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-24.47°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.473047,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.8202483696451561}}}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q12","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+20.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.716999,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.290703458898756}}}
{"question_id":"video_10557_q13","video_id":"video_10557","video_path":"videos/val/video_10557.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q00","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q01","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q02","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.33 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.333333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,124],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q03","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q04","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q05","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q06","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.5238 to 0.4480 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.175 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q07","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51925296075271}}}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q08","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+57.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":57.091006,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q09","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0088 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4480 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.475324563680622}}}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q10","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +21.31°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":57.392457392034736,"omega0_rad_s":0.02129979692399503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q11","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-18.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.636815,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q12","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+20.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":20.505344,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10558_q13","video_id":"video_10558","video_path":"videos/val/video_10558.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q00","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q01","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q02","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q03","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q04","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q05","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q06","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6038 to 0.7375 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.059 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q07","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51925296075271}}}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q08","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.160126,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q09","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0145 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.7375 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3591425558459014}}}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q10","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +25.21°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.224202047109905,"omega0_rad_s":0.02129979692399503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q11","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-23.80°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-23.803696,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q12","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+15.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":15.386725,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10559_q13","video_id":"video_10559","video_path":"videos/val/video_10559.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q00","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q01","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q02","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,7.0],"evidence_frames":[29,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q03","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q04","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q05","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q06","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.3851 to 0.1384 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.175 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q07","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51925296075271}}}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q08","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+5.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.279924,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q09","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0027 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1384 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.475324563680622}}}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q10","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.69°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-29.579361637687924,"omega0_rad_s":0.4616876269225031}}}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q11","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.811143,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q12","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-1.98°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.981706,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10560_q13","video_id":"video_10560","video_path":"videos/val/video_10560.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q00","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q01","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q02","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[27,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q03","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q04","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q05","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q06","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2178 to 0.1210 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.175 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q07","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51925296075271}}}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q08","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+28.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":28.343161,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q09","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0023 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1210 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.475324563680622}}}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q10","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -14.91°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.224202047109905,"omega0_rad_s":0.02129979692399503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q11","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+14.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":14.314723,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.9491815153533244}}}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q12","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+13.12°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.116577,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10561_q13","video_id":"video_10561","video_path":"videos/val/video_10561.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q00","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q01","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q02","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q03","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q04","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q05","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q06","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.6038 to 0.1612 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.175 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q07","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":119.87312410398323}}}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q08","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.16°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.160126,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q09","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0032 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1612 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.475324563680622}}}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q10","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.08°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":33.224202047109905,"omega0_rad_s":0.02129979692399503}}}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q11","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-14.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-14.562023,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q12","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+6.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.260593,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10562_q13","video_id":"video_10562","video_path":"videos/val/video_10562.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q00","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q01","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q02","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,121],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q03","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q04","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q05","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q06","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.4767 to 5.1758 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.017 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q07","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":84.51925296075271}}}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q08","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+12.29°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":12.287605,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q09","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1067 J/kg counterfactual vs 5.1758 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.31723558962303483}}}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q10","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -42.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":53.747616982612755,"omega0_rad_s":0.3393501015380025}}}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q11","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+44.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":44.459983,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6652645682359126}}}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q12","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-33.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-33.504281,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.05060295575172}}}
{"question_id":"video_10563_q13","video_id":"video_10563","video_path":"videos/val/video_10563.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q00","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q01","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q02","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,110],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q03","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q04","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q05","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q06","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.1824 to 0.1076 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.258 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q07","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.6643254231625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q08","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-34.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-34.684308,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q09","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0021 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1076 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5579483558055471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q10","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -15.84°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-47.434087952377304,"omega0_rad_s":0.1284794738964422}}}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q11","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+13.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":13.730709,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q12","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.22658,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10564_q13","video_id":"video_10564","video_path":"videos/val/video_10564.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q00","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q01","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q02","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,7.0],"evidence_frames":[30,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q03","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q04","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q05","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q06","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5195 to 0.3521 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.030 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q07","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.6643254231625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q08","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.556103,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q09","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0069 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.3521 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3296681446784784}}}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q10","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -16.39°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.579541106437212,"omega0_rad_s":0.1284794738964422}}}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q11","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.36°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.360899,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q12","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.13°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.128453,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10565_q13","video_id":"video_10565","video_path":"videos/val/video_10565.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q00","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q01","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q02","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 6.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,6.916666666666667],"evidence_frames":[29,83],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q03","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q04","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q05","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q06","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5508 to 0.0183 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.258 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q07","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.6643254231625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q08","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-11.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.995873,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q09","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0183 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5579483558055471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q10","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.05°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":17.86363288514977,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3947003288147236}}}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q11","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.614789,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q12","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.54°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.540782,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10566_q13","video_id":"video_10566","video_path":"videos/val/video_10566.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q00","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q01","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q02","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.25],"evidence_frames":[20,123],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q03","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q04","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q05","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q06","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6749 to 0.0212 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.258 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q07","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.6643254231625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q08","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.081319,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q09","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0212 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5579483558055471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q10","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.30°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.579541106437212,"omega0_rad_s":0.1284794738964422}}}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q11","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.72°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.719289,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6161931165965582}}}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q12","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+4.65°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.647758,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10567_q13","video_id":"video_10567","video_path":"videos/val/video_10567.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q00","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q01","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q02","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q03","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q04","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q05","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q06","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.5195 to 0.0176 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.258 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q07","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":58.766883009491764}}}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q08","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+6.56°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6.556103,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q09","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0176 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5579483558055471}}}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q10","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.45°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-18.579541106437212,"omega0_rad_s":0.1284794738964422}}}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q11","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.81°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.811339,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q12","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.63°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.628679,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10568_q13","video_id":"video_10568","video_path":"videos/val/video_10568.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q00","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q01","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q02","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q03","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q04","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q05","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q06","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.7481 to 2.7937 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.041 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q07","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":60.6643254231625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q08","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-16.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-16.941971,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q09","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0566 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.7937 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3408423873730135}}}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q10","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -37.43°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-46.71817973108986,"omega0_rad_s":-0.28576026305177893}}}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q11","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+35.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":35.234153,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.5102807668266722}}}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q12","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-25.18°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-25.182925,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.810502452604673}}}
{"question_id":"video_10569_q13","video_id":"video_10569","video_path":"videos/val/video_10569.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q00","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q01","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q02","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q03","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q04","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q05","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q06","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.1234 to 0.0470 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.341 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q07","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.20804915142324}}}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q08","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+51.31°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":51.309335,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q09","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0009 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0470 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6405721479304749}}}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q10","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.73°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":54.47571851271999,"omega0_rad_s":-0.16434084913111063}}}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q11","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.587582,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q12","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.657911,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10570_q13","video_id":"video_10570","video_path":"videos/val/video_10570.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q00","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q01","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q02","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,109],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q03","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q04","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q05","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q06","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2381 to 0.2920 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.110 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q07","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.20804915142324}}}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q08","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.482574,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q09","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0057 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2920 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4101937335110554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q10","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +18.53°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.934880165764696,"omega0_rad_s":-0.16434084913111063}}}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q11","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.572723,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q12","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.824552,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10571_q13","video_id":"video_10571","video_path":"videos/val/video_10571.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q00","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q01","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q02","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q03","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q04","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q05","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q06","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.1708 to 0.0135 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.341 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q07","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.20804915142324}}}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q08","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+11.61°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.611789,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q09","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0135 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6405721479304749}}}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q10","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.59°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":26.147904132611757,"omega0_rad_s":0.5777130307069441}}}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q11","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.295304,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q12","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.056201,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10572_q13","video_id":"video_10572","video_path":"videos/val/video_10572.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q00","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q01","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q02","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[27,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q03","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q04","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q05","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q06","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5186 to 0.0162 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.341 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q07","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.20804915142324}}}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q08","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+3.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.971579,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q09","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0162 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6405721479304749}}}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q10","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.84°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.934880165764696,"omega0_rad_s":-0.16434084913111063}}}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q11","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.593929,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q12","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.30°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.303745,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.468874247956705}}}
{"question_id":"video_10573_q13","video_id":"video_10573","video_path":"videos/val/video_10573.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q00","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q01","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q02","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,133],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q03","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q04","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q05","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q06","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2381 to 0.0142 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.341 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q07","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":113.58098691783057}}}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q08","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.48°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.482574,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q09","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0003 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0142 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6405721479304749}}}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q10","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +7.25°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":28.934880165764696,"omega0_rad_s":-0.16434084913111063}}}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q11","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.215399,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q12","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.221376,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10574_q13","video_id":"video_10574","video_path":"videos/val/video_10574.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q00","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q01","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q02","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 10.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,10.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,127],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q03","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q04","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q05","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q06","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.1748 to 2.6867 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.064 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q07","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":93.20804915142324}}}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q08","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-48.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-48.682253,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q09","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0483 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.6867 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3644491851229928}}}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q10","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -37.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":51.688742479567054,"omega0_rad_s":-0.4321704245655553}}}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q11","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+35.82°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":35.815219,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7927969654174318}}}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q12","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-29.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.937578,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.170401949457638}}}
{"question_id":"video_10575_q13","video_id":"video_10575","video_path":"videos/val/video_10575.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q00","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q01","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q02","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.25],"evidence_frames":[19,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q03","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q04","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q05","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q06","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (5.1333 to 0.0196 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.423 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q07","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.89678776362881}}}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q08","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-60.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-60.503906,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q09","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0004 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0196 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7231959400554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q10","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -9.63°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-61.51734907306256,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05716117215865779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q11","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+7.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.567463,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q12","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-4.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.777587,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10576_q13","video_id":"video_10576","video_path":"videos/val/video_10576.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q00","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q01","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"at or very near the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q02","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 10.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,10.25],"evidence_frames":[19,123],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q03","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q04","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q05","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q06","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.2192 to 0.7673 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.081 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q07","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.89678776362881}}}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q08","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-18.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.457454,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q09","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0151 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.7673 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3807193223436309}}}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q10","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -25.98°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-39.290219225092,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05716117215865779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q11","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+23.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":23.966845,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q12","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-19.26°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.264343,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10577_q13","video_id":"video_10577","video_path":"videos/val/video_10577.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q00","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q01","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q02","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.166666666666667],"evidence_frames":[19,86],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q03","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q04","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q05","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q06","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.8492 to 0.0072 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.423 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q07","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.89678776362881}}}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q08","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-19.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.681132,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q09","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0072 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7231959400554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q10","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.03°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-34.4321753800736,"omega0_rad_s":-0.5107257325991611}}}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q11","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+4.68°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.684283,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q12","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.445895,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10578_q13","video_id":"video_10578","video_path":"videos/val/video_10578.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q00","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q01","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q02","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.25 s and 10.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.25,10.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[27,130],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q03","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q04","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q05","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q06","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7656 to 0.0063 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.423 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q07","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.89678776362881}}}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q08","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+2.64°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.635475,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q09","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0063 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7231959400554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q10","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.79°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-39.290219225092,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05716117215865779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q11","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-5.38°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-5.377885,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.99467664418819}}}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q12","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.75°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.75296,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10579_q13","video_id":"video_10579","video_path":"videos/val/video_10579.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"8","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q00","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q01","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q02","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q03","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q04","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q05","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q06","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (2.2192 to 0.0086 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.423 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q07","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":65.5110831627963}}}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q08","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-18.46°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-18.457454,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q09","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0086 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.7231959400554}}}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q10","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -6.93°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-39.290219225092,"omega0_rad_s":-0.05716117215865779}}}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q11","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+5.57°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":5.565024,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q12","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-2.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.016372,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10580_q13","video_id":"video_10580","video_path":"videos/val/video_10580.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q00","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q01","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q02","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 7.67 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,7.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[20,92],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q03","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q04","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q05","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q06","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.9734 to 2.2359 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.088 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q07","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":76.89678776362881}}}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q08","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-24.14°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-24.141268,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q09","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0428 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.2359 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.38805598287297144}}}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q10","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +16.54°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-56.65930522804416,"omega0_rad_s":0.3785805860793289}}}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q11","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-17.52°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-17.522181,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6378131640081883}}}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q12","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.190814,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.930301446310594}}}
{"question_id":"video_10581_q13","video_id":"video_10581","video_path":"videos/val/video_10581.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q00","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q01","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q02","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.25],"evidence_frames":[19,87],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q03","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q04","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q05","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"approximately the same","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately the same","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q06","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.7123 to 0.4764 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.156 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q07","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.65980760284506}}}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q08","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+46.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":46.450646,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q09","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0093 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4764 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4558197321803277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q10","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +22.56°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":51.55897963340525,"omega0_rad_s":0.05001850481378939}}}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q11","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-19.96°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.959923,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q12","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+19.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.278669,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10582_q13","video_id":"video_10582","video_path":"videos/val/video_10582.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q00","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q01","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q02","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q03","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q04","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q05","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q06","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8949 to 0.4574 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.051 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q07","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.65980760284506}}}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q08","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.079942,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q09","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0090 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.4574 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.35124491117620793}}}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q10","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +19.92°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.645558284419486,"omega0_rad_s":0.05001850481378939}}}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q11","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-19.15°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.148014,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q12","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+8.49°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":8.493425,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10583_q13","video_id":"video_10583","video_path":"videos/val/video_10583.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q00","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q01","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q02","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.42 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.4166666666666665,11.0],"evidence_frames":[29,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q03","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q04","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q05","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q06","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8594 to 0.1105 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.156 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q07","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.65980760284506}}}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q08","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+10.42°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":10.419602,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q09","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0021 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1105 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4558197321803277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q10","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -11.97°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-22.71644662753559,"omega0_rad_s":0.4437384344913816}}}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q11","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.53°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.529989,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q12","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-0.02°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-0.023519,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10584_q13","video_id":"video_10584","video_path":"videos/val/video_10584.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q00","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q01","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q02","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.75 s and 11.83 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.75,11.833333333333334],"evidence_frames":[21,142],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q03","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q04","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q05","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q06","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.2228 to 0.1610 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.156 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q07","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.65980760284506}}}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q08","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-22.43°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-22.431781,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q09","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0032 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1610 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4558197321803277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q10","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -11.17°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.645558284419486,"omega0_rad_s":0.05001850481378939}}}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q11","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+9.76°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9.764877,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7071833742662923}}}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q12","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-7.23°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-7.225492,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10585_q13","video_id":"video_10585","video_path":"videos/val/video_10585.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q00","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q01","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q02","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.083333333333333],"evidence_frames":[19,85],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q03","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q04","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q05","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q06","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.8949 to 0.1164 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.156 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q07","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":116.27700890382152}}}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q08","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-1.08°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-1.079942,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q09","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0023 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1164 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.4558197321803277}}}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q10","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +13.09°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":24.645558284419486,"omega0_rad_s":0.05001850481378939}}}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q11","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-12.06°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.058986,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q12","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.97°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.971919,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10586_q13","video_id":"video_10586","video_path":"videos/val/video_10586.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q00","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q01","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q02","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[20,139],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q03","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q04","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q05","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q06","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.7498 to 5.8059 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.012 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q07","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":108.65980760284506}}}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q08","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-27.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-27.505303,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q09","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.1039 J/kg counterfactual vs 5.8059 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.3116627806229508}}}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q10","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -47.61°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":49.62986797652135,"omega0_rad_s":-0.3249907475931053}}}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q11","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+47.11°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":47.105065,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.9203293625989482}}}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q12","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-45.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-45.34032,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":14.690200943163557}}}
{"question_id":"video_10587_q13","video_id":"video_10587","video_path":"videos/val/video_10587.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q00","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q01","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q02","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 9.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,9.25],"evidence_frames":[19,111],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q03","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q04","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q05","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q06","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.7113 to 0.2036 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.238 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q07","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.26061523829043}}}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q08","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-58.50°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-58.496943,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q09","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0040 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.2036 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5384435243052529}}}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q10","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -18.76°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-58.60061019374782,"omega0_rad_s":0.15719818178623657}}}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q11","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+16.24°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":16.238921,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q12","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-13.34°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-13.34234,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10588_q13","video_id":"video_10588","video_path":"videos/val/video_10588.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q00","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q01","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q02","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 8.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,8.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[30,98],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q03","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q04","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q05","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q06","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7866 to 1.3411 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.022 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q07","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.26061523829043}}}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q08","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.785062,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q09","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0263 J/kg counterfactual vs 1.3411 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.32177050000878493}}}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q10","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -30.90°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.00089734374679,"omega0_rad_s":0.15719818178623657}}}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q11","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+29.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":29.732294,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q12","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-22.05°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-22.053924,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10589_q13","video_id":"video_10589","video_path":"videos/val/video_10589.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q00","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q01","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q02","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q03","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q04","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q05","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q06","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.4722 to 0.0643 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.238 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q07","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.26061523829043}}}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q08","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-2.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.413565,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q09","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0012 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0643 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5384435243052529}}}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q10","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +11.83°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":31.000717874997434,"omega0_rad_s":-0.37675113638360214}}}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q11","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.73°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.732128,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q12","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.773274,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10590_q13","video_id":"video_10590","video_path":"videos/val/video_10590.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q00","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q01","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q02","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.0],"evidence_frames":[19,132],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q03","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q04","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q05","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q06","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.5135 to 0.0658 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.238 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q07","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.26061523829043}}}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q08","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-19.51°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-19.510499,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q09","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0013 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0658 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5384435243052529}}}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q10","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +6.18°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.00089734374679,"omega0_rad_s":0.15719818178623657}}}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q11","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-6.33°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.334519,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q12","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+1.09°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":1.085083,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":9.960043072499845}}}
{"question_id":"video_10591_q13","video_id":"video_10591","video_path":"videos/val/video_10591.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q00","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q01","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q02","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 8.08 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,8.083333333333334],"evidence_frames":[19,97],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q03","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q04","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q05","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q06","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (1.7866 to 0.0784 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.238 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q07","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":66.38082016076123}}}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q08","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.785062,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q09","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0015 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0784 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.5384435243052529}}}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q10","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -13.24°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-35.00089734374679,"omega0_rad_s":0.15719818178623657}}}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q11","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+11.78°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":11.776836,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q12","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.77°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.765141,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10592_q13","video_id":"video_10592","video_path":"videos/val/video_10592.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q00","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q01","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q02","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.83 s and 11.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.8333333333333333,11.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[22,143],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q03","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q04","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q05","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"increases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"increases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q06","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (6.5352 to 4.1672 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.035 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q07","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":96.26061523829043}}}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q08","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+54.88°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":54.883778,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q09","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0811 J/kg counterfactual vs 4.1672 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.33526957837292937}}}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q10","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +33.50°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":-54.60043072499846,"omega0_rad_s":-0.27140090910688175}}}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q11","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-29.94°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-29.935587,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.7653455611897075}}}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q12","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+19.85°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.853295,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.050100440016513}}}
{"question_id":"video_10593_q13","video_id":"video_10593","video_path":"videos/val/video_10593.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"6","answer_type":"number","answer_value":6,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q00","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q01","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q02","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 11.17 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,11.166666666666666],"evidence_frames":[19,134],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q03","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q04","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"approximately under the pivot","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"approximately under the pivot","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q05","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q06","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (3.3372 to 0.0493 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.321 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q07","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.65257126163625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q08","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+37.67°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":37.670019,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q09","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0009 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0493 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6210673164301805}}}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q10","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +12.65°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":48.64224075409039,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1356221412413106}}}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q11","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-10.66°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-10.664429,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q12","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+5.00°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":4.998705,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10594_q13","video_id":"video_10594","video_path":"videos/val/video_10594.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_amplitude","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q00","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q01","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q02","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.50 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.5,7.0],"evidence_frames":[30,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q03","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q04","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q05","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q06","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6219 to 0.1626 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.102 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q07","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.65257126163625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q08","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.317558,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q09","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0032 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.1626 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.40229608884136037}}}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q10","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +13.36°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.3562364030741,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1356221412413106}}}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q11","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-12.89°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-12.885302,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q12","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.19°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.191732,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10595_q13","video_id":"video_10595","video_path":"videos/val/video_10595.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_near_conservative","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q00","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.0833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[37],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q01","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q02","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 11.25 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,11.25],"evidence_frames":[20,135],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q03","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q04","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q05","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q06","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.7071 to 0.0106 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.321 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q07","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.65257126163625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q08","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+7.28°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7.279541,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q09","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0106 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6210673164301805}}}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q10","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.44°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":19.28498912245928,"omega0_rad_s":0.5597638382758191}}}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q11","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.39°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.386229,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q12","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+2.70°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":2.699395,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10596_q13","video_id":"video_10596","video_path":"videos/val/video_10596.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_initial_velocity","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q00","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 3.58 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":3.5833333333333335,"evidence_frames":[43],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q01","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.17 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"toward the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"toward the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.166666666666667,"evidence_frames":[62],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q02","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 2.08 s and 11.58 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[2.0833333333333335,11.583333333333334],"evidence_frames":[25,139],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q03","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q04","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q05","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q06","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.4222 to 0.0059 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.321 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q07","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.65257126163625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q08","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.837626,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q09","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0001 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0059 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6210673164301805}}}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q10","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +3.80°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.3562364030741,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1356221412413106}}}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q11","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-2.84°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-2.843543,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":0.8526717730230559}}}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q12","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"-3.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-3.40666,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10597_q13","video_id":"video_10597","video_path":"videos/val/video_10597.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_gravity_length","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"9","answer_type":"number","answer_value":9,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q00","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.08 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.083333333333333,"evidence_frames":[49],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q01","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 5.67 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":5.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[68],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q02","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.58 s and 7.00 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.5833333333333333,7.0],"evidence_frames":[19,84],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q03","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q04","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"right","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q05","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q06","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (0.6219 to 0.0092 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.321 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q07","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":118.55193957846677}}}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q08","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"-6.32°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-6.317558,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q09","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0002 J/kg counterfactual vs 0.0092 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.6210673164301805}}}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q10","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"right (θ = +5.49°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"right","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":20.3562364030741,"omega0_rad_s":-0.1356221412413106}}}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q11","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"-4.79°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":-4.793202,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.25}}}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q12","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+0.59°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":0.594602,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":11.772}}}
{"question_id":"video_10598_q13","video_id":"video_10598","video_path":"videos/val/video_10598.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_illumination","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q00","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"bob_side","question":"At 4.67 s, is the bob left of, right of, or approximately under the pivot?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":4.666666666666667,"evidence_frames":[56],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","comparison":"sign"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q01","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"motion_relative_to_center","question":"At 6.25 s, is the bob moving toward the vertical center, away from it, or near a turning point?","answer":"away from the vertical center","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"away from the vertical center","answer_unit":null,"time_s":6.25,"evidence_frames":[75],"query":{"fields":["theta_rad","omega_rad_s"]},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q02","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"compare_angular_speed","question":"At 1.67 s and 10.92 s, when is the bob's angular speed magnitude larger?","answer":"the first time","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"the first time","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[1.6666666666666667,10.916666666666666],"evidence_frames":[20,131],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q03","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"descriptive","question_family":"count_center_crossings","question":"How many times does the bob cross the vertical line during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q04","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_side","question":"Starting at 4.50 s, which side of the pivot is the bob on at 6.67 s?","answer":"left","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"target_frame":80,"field":"theta_rad"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q05","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"predictive","question_family":"future_speed_change","question":"From 4.50 s to 6.67 s, does the bob's speed increase or decrease?","answer":"decreases","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":null,"time_s":[4.5,6.666666666666667],"evidence_frames":[54,80],"query":{"field":"omega_rad_s","comparison":"absolute value"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q06","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"energy_and_damping","question":"From the first to the last frame, does mechanical energy decrease or remain approximately constant, and what explains that?","answer":"It decreases (4.9681 to 2.3332 J/kg); positive damping (γ = 0.059 s⁻¹) dissipates mechanical energy.","answer_type":"explanation","answer_value":"decreases","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","parameter":"damping_s_inv"},"intervention":null}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q07","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"explanatory","question_family":"light_does_not_drive_motion","question":"If the light were held at its starting angle from t = 0, would the bob's angle at 8.25 s change?","answer":"No. Light changes the shadow/rendering, but it is absent from the pendulum's equation of motion.","answer_type":"boolean_with_reason","answer_value":false,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.25,"evidence_frames":[0,99],"query":{"target_field":"theta_rad","max_abs_counterfactual_difference_rad":0.0},"intervention":{"do":{"light_amplitude_deg":0.0,"light_mean_deg":87.65257126163625}}}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q08","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_angle","question":"If damping were set to zero while keeping the same initial state, gravity, and length, what would the angle from vertical be at 9.67 s?","answer":"+32.45°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":32.454754,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.666666666666666,"evidence_frames":[0,116],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":116},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q09","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_damping_energy","question":"If damping were increased by 0.30 s⁻¹ (same initial state, gravity, and length), would final mechanical energy be higher, lower, or approximately the same?","answer":"lower (0.0465 J/kg counterfactual vs 2.3332 J/kg factual).","answer_type":"comparison","answer_value":"lower","answer_unit":"J/kg","time_s":[0.0,13.25],"evidence_frames":[0,159],"query":{"field":"energy_j_per_kg","compare":["factual","counterfactual"]},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.35887637612290874}}}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q10","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"mirror_initial_state","question":"If both the initial angle and initial angular velocity were sign-reversed, which side of the pivot would the bob be on at 8.08 s?","answer":"left (θ = -16.37°).","answer_type":"choice","answer_value":"left","answer_unit":null,"time_s":8.083333333333334,"evidence_frames":[0,97],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":97},"intervention":{"do":{"theta0_deg":47.57099347347557,"omega0_rad_s":0.4178110706206553}}}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q11","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_length_angle","question":"If physical pendulum length were increased by 25% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 9.00 s?","answer":"+19.41°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":19.406139,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":9.0,"evidence_frames":[0,108],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":108},"intervention":{"do":{"length_m":1.6103617597804671}}}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q12","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"increase_gravity_angle","question":"If gravity were increased by 20% (everything else unchanged), what would the angle from vertical be at 10.50 s?","answer":"+3.22°","answer_type":"number","answer_value":3.216561,"answer_unit":"degrees","time_s":10.5,"evidence_frames":[0,126],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","counterfactual_frame":126},"intervention":{"do":{"gravity_m_s2":13.809999936869476}}}
{"question_id":"video_10599_q13","video_id":"video_10599","video_path":"videos/val/video_10599.mp4","split":"val","ood_group":"val_ood_compound","question_type":"counterfactual","question_family":"remove_damping_crossings","question":"Under do(γ = 0), how many times would the bob cross the vertical during the first 7.25 s?","answer":"7","answer_type":"number","answer_value":7,"answer_unit":null,"time_s":[0.0,7.25],"evidence_frames":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87],"query":{"field":"theta_rad","event":"strict sign change","counterfactual_frame_end":87},"intervention":{"do":{"damping_s_inv":0.0}}}