Anqi Wang,1,* Yujia Zhou,2,* Huangying Chen,1 Jiawei Jin,1 Yingqi Mao,3 Shuiliang Tao,4 Tao Qiu5 1First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People’s Republic of China; 4Basic Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejian


Shuying Huang,1,2,* Chengyao Xia,3,* Wenbao Zuo,3 Rui Wang,2 Nuo Xu,2 Wenxin Ye,2 Xiao Li,2 Yong Chen,2 Xuan Zhu3 1Xiamen University School of Public Health, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China; 3Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People’s Republic of China*These authors contribute


Venkataraman Anantharaman,1 Seow Yian Tay,2 Peter George Manning,3 Swee Han Lim,1 Terrance Siang Jin Chua,4 Mohan Tiru,5 Rabind Antony Charles,1 Vidya Sudarshan1 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, 2Department of Emergency Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 3Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, 4Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre, 5Accident and Emergency Department, Changi General Hospital, Singapore Background: Biphasic defibrillati


Sara Heydari,1 Peyman Adibi,2 Athar Omid,3 Nikoo Yamani11Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 2Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 3Department of Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranIntroduction: Medical faculties are responsible for the training and development of future physicians. T


Zhilang Feng,1 Hui Zhang,1 Zhanming Liang2 1School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, AustraliaCorrespondence: Hui Zhang, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 ZhongShan Road 2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China, Email zhanghui3@mail.sysu.edu.cnBackground: Nursing leadership competency is important for staff emp


Sanjay Tripathi,1 Ashish Nikhare,2 Gaurav Sharma,3 Tim Shea,4 Helmut Albrecht5 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheth LG General Hospital & AMC MET Medical College, Ahmedabad, India; 2Department of Pulmonology, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, India; 3Regional Medical Affairs (South of Asia), Reckitt Benckiser, Haryana, India; 4Global Medical - Respiratory, Reckitt Benckiser, Parsippany, NJ, USA; 5Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Flo


Hao Zhang,1,* Nian Deng,2,* Lu Zhang,3 Lei Zhang,4 Chao Wang1 1Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University (Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 3Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Orthopaedics,


Hiroko Otake,1,* Ko Kobayashi,2,* Reita Kadowaki,1 Taiyo Kosaka,1 Mizuki Itahashi,1 Masanobu Tsubaki,1 Masaru Matsuda,2 Norio Iwakiri,2 Eiji Harata,2 Noriaki Nagai1 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan; 2Life Science Division, NOF CORPORATION, Kanagawa, Japan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Noriaki Nagai, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan, Tel +81 6 4307 3638, Fax +81 6 6730 1394


Hongqian Wang,1,* Honghao Peng,2,* Zhiqiang Chen,3 Wang Yang,2 Zhifeng Wu,2 Peng Wang1 1Medical Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical


Feiyun Song,1 Kexin Ding,1 Wen Sun,1 Qiong Huang,2 Ruichen Jiang,3,4 Heping Xiang,1 Mingyun Sun1 1Sports Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Office of Physical Education College of Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Navy Anqing Hospital of the Chinese Peopleâs Liberation Army, Anqing, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3School of Education Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Peopleâs Republic of China; 4In


Li Yang,1 Jing Yang,2 Guosen Bu,3 Rui Han,1 Jiamila Rezhake,1 Xiaolin La1 1Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gynaecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoli


Xinhui Liu,1 Xiuli Zhang,2,3 Xiaoyi Cai,2 Jiqiu Dong,2 Yinmao Chi,4 Zhihong Chi,3 Harvest F Gu5 1Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110847, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Nephrology, Second People&amp;rsquo;s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathophysiology, China Me


Nan Liu,1,* Haijing Zhou,1,* Xiupeng Zhang,1 Lin Cai,1 Jingduo Li,1 Jing Zhao,1 Yang Liu,1 Liang Wang,1 Chuifeng Fan,1 Ailin Li,2 Yuan Miao11Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and the College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this


Aiping Zhang,1,* Wei Wei,2,* Renguang Pei,3 Xiaoning Li,4 Jinsun Yang1 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Sonography, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Interventional, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Medical Laboratory,


Weifeng He,1 Huanyi Zhao,2 Weiqi Xue,1 Yuan Luo,1 Mengyuan Yan,1 Junlong Li,2 Lijin Qing,2 Wei Wu,2 Zheng Jin2 1Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, People’s Republic of China; 2First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei Wu; Zheng Jin, Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16, Ji Chang Road, B


Niklas Ekerstad,1,2 Göran Östberg,3 Maria Johansson,3 Björn W Karlson3,4 1Department of Cardiology, NU (NÄL-Uddevalla) Hospital Group, Trollhättan-Uddevalla-Vänersborg, 2Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis, Linköping University, Linköping, 3Division of Internal and Acute Medicine, NU Hospital Group, Trollhättan-Uddevalla-Vänersborg, 4Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahl


Bingquan Zhu,1,* Junfei Zhu,2,3,* Lingyan Sheng,2 Yake Yao,2 Hua Zhou2 1Children’s Health Care Department, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, 324110, Peop


Zhiyu Zhang,1,&ast; Lin Xu,2,&ast; Sheng Xu1 1Emergency Department, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sheng Xu, Emergency Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Pr


Siddharth Vats,1 Shabnum Thakur,2 Manish Gupta,1 Vineet Kumar,3 Lalit Chandrakant,1 Muninder Negi,4 Parul Sharma,1 Vikas Fotedar,1 Purnima Thakur,1 Deepak Tuli,1 Poorva Vias,2 Jyoti Sharma,5 Anup Negi,6 Shilpa Kaushal,7 Mrinalini Upadhyay,1 Naina Negi,1 Ajay Sharma,1 Anjali Azad,1 Neeraj Parihar,1 Divyajyoti Verma7 1Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India; 2Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Dr YSP Govt. Medical College, Nahan, Sirmaur, Hi


Rao Wei,1,&ast; Kexin Li,1,&ast; Huaguang Wang,1 Xinbo Cai,1 Nian Liu,2 Zhuoling An,1 Hong Zhou1 1Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Hematology Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhuoling An, Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University


Sergio Bevilacqua,1 Pierluigi StefÃ no,2 Viola Ranfagni,1 Bianca Ammannati,1 Riccardo Codecasa,2 Anna Maria Gori,3 Francesca Cesari,3 Lara Mary Titherington,1 Stefano Del Pace,2 Angela Rogolino,3 Rossella Marcucci3 1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care. University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy; 2Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery. University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy; 3Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. Atherothrombotic Diseases Center. University


Keira Herr,1 Michael Berk,2 Wei-Lieh Huang,3 Tadafumi Kato,4 Jung Goo Lee,5,6 Chong Guan Ng,7 Zhen Wang,8 Thomas David Webb,1 Mami Kasahara-Kiritani,9 Lawrence Phillip Vandervoort10 1Janssen Asia Pacific, Singapore; 2School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; 3Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan; 4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;


Jianping Xu,1 Yaqing Li,1 Xiaoqing Wang,1 Yusen Mu2 1Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 2Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jianping Xu, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615369189635, Email xjpjy99@163.comAbstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease


Min Lei,1,2,* Zheng Jiang,1,2,* Peng Xu,1,2 Zhenglin Chang,1– 3 Yuyan Zhang,4 Shike Zhang,1,2 Lingyue An,1,2,5 Shujue Li,2,3 Tao Zeng,2,3 Hans-Göran Tiselius,6 Yuhao Zhou,1,2 Guohua Zeng,2,3 Wenqi Wu1,2 1Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Urol


Junjie Li,1,* Qingqing Xu,2,3,* Sean Ogurek,4 Ziqiang Li,5 Peiyun Wang,5 Qing Xie,5 Zike Sheng,5 Minggui Wang2,3 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics


Mercedes Vitek,1 Žiga Medoš,2 Zoran Lavrič,1 Matjaž Jeras,3 Odon Planinšek,1 Alenka Zvonar Pobirk,1 Mirjam Gosenca Matjaž1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Chair of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaCorrespondence:


Joyce Donahue, 13-year-old daughter of Daniel Donahue (not pictured), lies in a hospital bed at Fairview Hospital with a fractured left leg and lacerations after she was injured in an accident involving a streetcar - automobile collision on 38th Street. Nurse Veryl Erickson checks in on her condition.


Helen Willis,1 Julie Webster,1 Anne Marie Larkin,2 Laura Parkes,31Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom; 2MySupport Nurse, Quintiles Ireland Ltd, Dublin, Ireland; 3Medical Affairs, Merck Serono Ltd, Feltham, United KingdomBackground: Poor adherence to disease-modifying drugs is associated with an increased risk of relapse in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, adherence is difficult to assess objectively. RebiSmart® (Merck Serono SA, Geneva, Switzerland), a device for


Hamdi Boubaker,1,2 Mohamed Habib Grissa,1,2 Kaouther Beltaief,1,2 Zohra Dridi,3 Mohamed Fadhel Najjar,4 Wahid Bouida,1,2 Riadh Boukef,5 Soudani Marghli,6 Semir Nouira1,2 1Department of Emergency, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 2Research Laboratory (LR12SP18), University of Monastir, 3Department of Cardiology, 4Department of Biochemistry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, 5Department of Emergency, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, 6Department of Emergency, Tahar Sfar U


Xiong Xiao,1 Guoliang Chai,2 Baoguo Wang,3 Fang Luo4 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Imaging Department, Beijing Puhua International Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesia, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pain Management, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fang Luo


Wondu Teshome,1 Mihretu Belayneh,1 Mathewos Moges,1 Misganu Endriyas,2 Emebet Mekonnen,2 Sinafiksh Ayele,2 Tebeje Misganaw,2 Mekonnen Shiferaw,2 Palanivel Chinnakali,3 Sven Gudmund Hinderaker,4 Ajay MV Kumar5 1School of Public and Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 2Research Technology Transfer Process Unit, SNNP Regional Health Bureau, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post


Maria Aetou,1,&ast; Yavor Kiskinov,2,&ast; Sitraka Faniry Nantenaina Ratsimba,1 Maximilian Barth,1 Carmen Pizarro,2 Ingmar Bergs,1 Jens Spiesshoefer,1 Dirk Skowasch,2,&ast; Michael Dreher1,&ast; 1Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; 2Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence:


Mingyuan Ren,1,2,* Yijia He,1,* Jianzhong Zhang,3 Jinfang Zhang,1,2 Guoqiang Zhang1,2 1Department of Dermatology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China; 2Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology Technology, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to


Chen Tian,1,* XiaoLei Xue,2,* Ye Chen,3,* Ruiyuan Liu,4 Yutong Wang,5 Sheng Ye,4 Zeyu Fu,5 Yingrui Luo,5 Shengmiao Wang,5 Xiaofeng He,1 Huajin Pang1 1Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 2Department Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China; 3Laboratory of Interven


Liuju Su,1,&ast; Min Zhou,2,&ast; Xiulin Wen,1 Yuan Guo,3 Bao Li,3 Liqun Luo,4 Qian Xiao,5 Jingrong Wang6 1Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dressing Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Nursing, Xi’an People’s Hos


Hongli Wang,1,2 Tengyue Wang,1,2 Zhixing He,1,2 Chengping Wen,1,2 Lin Huang,1,2 Mingzhu Wang1,2 1Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lin Huang; Mingzhu Wang, Email huanglin@zcmu.


Chen Qu,1,* Fei Xia,2,* Ling Chen,1 Hong-Jian Li,2 Wei-Min Li1 1Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ultrasonography, Huai’an Cancer Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hong-Jian Li, Department of Ultrasonography, Huai’an Cancer Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223232, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613511507565


Takuma Koinuma,1,2,&ast; Manabu Akazawa1,&ast; 1Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; 2Center for Experiential Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Manabu Akazawa, Email makazawa@my-pharm.ac.jpPurpose: The New User Design can be applied if the target drug has not been administered for


Krzysztof Sobczak,1 Katarzyna Leoniuk,1 Agata Rudnik2 1Department of Sociology of Medicine & Social Pathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; 2Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, PolandCorrespondence: Krzysztof Sobczak Email krzysztof.sobczak@gumed.edu.plPurpose: Discrimination and stigmatization of patients with obesity are a commonly occurring social problem. The purpose of our research was to analyze the scale of the experience including medical staff&rsq


Renata Conforti,1 Mario Cirillo,2 Valeria Marrone,1 Rosario Galasso,1 Guglielmo Capaldo,3 Teresa Giugliano,4 Assunta Scuotto,1 Giulio Piluso,4 Mariarosa AB Melone3,51Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, 2Radiology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, 3Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, 4Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School o


Asman Sadino,1,2,&amp;ast; Nyi Mekar Saptarini,3 Jutti Levita,4,&amp;ast; Dwi Syah Fitra Ramadhan,5 Adryan Fristiohady,6 Supat Jiranusornkul7 1Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Garut University, Garut, West Java, 44151, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,


Petr Bob,1,2 Tomas Galanda,3 Peter Jombik,4 Jiri Raboch,1 Miroslav Galanda31Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; 2Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Slovak Medical University, Roosevelt Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovak Republic; 4Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurop


Parhat Yasin,1 Liwen Ding,2 Mardan Mamat,3 Wei Guo,4 Xinghua Song1,5 1Department of Spine Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Pediatrics, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Orthopedic Oncolo


Hyewon Chung,1,* Howard Lee,1,2,* HyeKyung Han,1 Hyungmi An,1 Kyoung Soo Lim,1,3 YongJin Lee,4 Joo-Youn Cho,1 Seo Hyun Yoon,1 In-Jin Jang,1 Kyung-Sang Yu1 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Clinical Pharmac


Yao Cheng,1 Jianhua Liu,2 Qing Liao,1 Xuejiao Hu,1 Hongyan Lv,3 Peiyan Ding,3 Shaofa Nie,1 Li Tan4 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Yichang Centers for Diseases Prevention and Control, Yichang, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and


Liying Xing,1,2&amp;nbsp;Li Jing,2&amp;nbsp;Yuanmeng Tian,2&amp;nbsp;Min Lin,3&amp;nbsp;Zhi Du,1&amp;nbsp;Han Yan,2&amp;nbsp;Guocheng Ren,4&amp;nbsp;Yingna Dong,4&amp;nbsp;Qun Sun,5&amp;nbsp;Shuang Liu6 1Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, People&amp;


Hanxiao Liu,1– 3 Hui Lv,2,3 Xuehui Duan,3 Yan Du,3 Yixuan Tang,3 Wei Xu1– 3 1School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical


Wenyi Li,1,2 Zhenguo Liu,1 Min Song,1 Zhenpeng Shi,1 Jihang Zhang,3 Junyu Zhou,1 Yidan Liu,1 Yun Qiao,4 Deshan Liu4 1First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China;


Sukum Rujijanuntakul,1 Jiraporn Sri-on,2 Manerath Traiwanatham,3 Thitiwan Paksophis,2 Adisak Nithimethasoke,3 Patiporn Bunyaphatkun,3 Jiraya Sukklin,3 Rapeeporn Rojsaengroeng3 1Cardiovascular Unit, The Department of Internal Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Geriatric Emergency Medicine Unit, The Department of Emergency Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3The Department of Emergency Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navam


Blake Wynia,1 Jed C Kaminetsky21Department of Urology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 2University Urology Associates, Manhattan Medical Research, New York, NY, USAAbstract: Exogenous testosterone was introduced nearly 80 years ago as a pharmaceutical agent to treat male hypogonadism. Researchers continue to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile of testosterone to improve various benefits, including mood and sexual function, among other potential benefits. The modalities that are curre


Yanjun Guo,1,2 Luning Wang,2 Mingwei Zhu,2 Honghong Zhang,3 Yazhuo Hu,3 Zhitao Han,3 Jia Liu,4 Weiqin Zhao,1 Dexin Wang11Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2Department of Geriatric Neurology, PLA General Hospital, 3Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital &amp;amp; Chinese PLA Medical Academy, 4Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaAbstract: The aim of


Jingjing Li,1 Yu Zhang,2 Rui Wu,1 Guodong Ma,1 Li Sheng,1 Yun Feng,1 Yang Han,1 Lina Zhang,1 Janfeng Guo,1 Rongbo Li1 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010000, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Peopleâs Hospital, 010000, Peopleâs Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jingjing Li, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hohhot First Hospital, No. 148, South


Adam Bastovansky,1 Kathrin Ziegler,2 Claudia St&ouml;llberger,2 Josef Finsterer31Department of Radiology, 2Medical Department, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria; 3Danube University Krems, Krems, AustriaBackground: Peripheral embolism to the lower extremities may mimic disc prolapse with severe consequences.Case report:&nbsp; A 71-year-old male with a history of chronic alcoholism developed low back pain radiating to both lower extremities in a nonradicular distribution and b


Frangiskos Frangopoulos,1 Ivi Nicolaou,1 Savvas Zannetos,2 Nicholas-Tiberio Economou,3 Tonia Adamide III,1 Andreas Georgiou,1 Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis,4 Thomas Rosemann,5 Beat Knechtle,5 Georgia Trakada3 1Respiratory Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus; 2Health Economics and Statistics, Neapolis University, Paphos, Cyprus; 3Division of Pulmonology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, A


Yumeng Xie,1 Zuotian Wu,1 Lin Zhou,1 Limin Sun,1 Ling Xiao,1,2 Gaohua Wang1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Gaohua Wang, Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13607167402, Fax +86


Qian Shi,1,* Jingcheng Ding,1,* Hong Su,2 Yijun Du,1 Tianrong Pan,1 Xing Zhong1 1Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xing Zhong, No. 678 Furong Road, Hefei City, Anhui P


Jing Zhao,1 Yu Ding,1 Zhiyuan Wang,2 Guo Kou,1 Sen Xu,1 Jing Tai,1 Chunrui Zhang,1 Ying Guo,1 Jun Yang1 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nanyang Second People’s Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, 473012, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jun Yang, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nanyang Second People’s Hospital, No. 66, Jianshe Ea


Xuemei Li,1,2,&ast; Qimei Yang,3,&ast; Xia Zhang,1,2 Lidan He,1,2 Chen Chen,4,5 Jianbo Wu1,2 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics, The First Peopleâs Hospital of Yunnan, Ku


Donna Punch,1 Jonathan S Davis,2 Rebecca Hahn,2 Rav Gill,3 Chia-Wen Hsiao,4 Richard Kara4 1Kensington Eye Institute (Retired), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2KJT Group, Inc, Rochester, NY, USA; 3Alcon Canada, Inc, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; 4Alcon Vision LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USACorrespondence: Donna Punch, Tel +1 905-238-3228 ; +1 647-980-7716, Email mmdpunch@rogers.comPurpose: Surgical procedure packs are commonly used in ophthalmological surgeries, but quantitative evidence demonstrating the ti


Audrey Chow,1 Jin Choi,1 Jason Bacharach1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; 2North Bay Eye Associates, Petaluma, CA, USACorrespondence: Jin Choi, Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, 711 Van Ness Ave, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA, 94102, USA, Email jiinchoii@gmail.comIntroduction: Ophthalmic medications administered via standardized eyedrop bottles have an average drop size of 40 μL, but absorption is limited to


Shimelis Kassa,1 Gudina Egata,2 Tesfaye Gobena,3 Mathewos Mekonnen4 1Shanan Dhuggo District Health Office, West Hararge Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia; 2College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mathewos MekonnenDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, P.O.


Xiaodi Zhu,1,* Yuting Wu,2,* Liwei Liao,1,* Wenqi Huang,1 Lu Yuan,1 Jihong Huang,1 Yongzhong Zhan,1 Laiyu Liu1 1Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Blood Transfusion Department, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000 People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to


Jing Xue,1 Tianyun Qu,1 Zhigang Li,1 Bo Shi,1 Guang Yang,1 Xiaocui Rong,1 Yazhou Li,1 Guoquan Lin,2 Yong Ping1 1Department of Radiology; Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery; Botou Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, 062150, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yong Ping, Email Ulrica150sci@163.comObjective: To evaluate the association between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) level a


Jianghong Guo,1,&ast; Fengxin Chen,2,&ast; Jie Li,3 Yanfeng Xi1 1Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Customer Care (North I), Roche Diagnostics (ShanghaI) Limited, Shanghai, People’s R


Yun Zhu,1,* Lingyan Li,2,* Wenxiao Wang,3,* Xiaodan Liu,1 Meng Xue Zhang,1 Xiumin Chen,4 Xiaofeng Hou,5 Weimei Wang,6 Tuo Min,7 Jinmei Liu,8 Lecui Liu,9 Chengjun Liu,10 Zhong Jiang,11 Yanping Wang,12 Dayun Chang,13 Hua Pan1 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department


Ran Zhao,1,* Geng Li,1,* Xiu-juan Kong,1 Xiu-yan Huang,2 Wei Li,1 Yao-ying Zeng,2 Xiao-ping Lai31Traditional Chinese Medicinal College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2Life Science College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 3Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to&amp;nbsp;this workAbstract: Edible bird&amp;rsquo;s nest (EBN) is re


Changtai Zhao,1,&amp;ast; Guang Yang,2,&amp;ast; Bingzhou Ji,2 Hongfu Jin,2 Shinen Naranmandakh,3 Yusheng Li2,4 1Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia; 4National Clinical Resear


Eugene Rugira,1 Emmanuel Biracyaza,2,3 Aline Umubyeyi1 1Department of Epidemiologuy and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; 2Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal (IURDPM), Montreal, Canada; 3School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaCorrespondence: Eugene Rugira, Tel +250788873545, Email eu


Leila Jouybari,1 Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz,2 Akram Sanagoo,1 Faezeh Kiani,3 Fatemeh Sayehmiri,4 Kourosh Sayehmiri,5 Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi6 1Nursing Research Center, Goletsan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 2Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; 4Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teh


Nicolas Dufour,1 Fouad Fadel,1 Bruno Gelée,1 Jean-Louis Dubost,1 Sophie Ardiot,2 Pascal Di Donato,2 Jean-Damien Ricard3,4 1Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier René Dubos, Pontoise 95300, France; 2Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé, Direction des Dispositifs Médicaux, des Cosmétiques et des Dispositifs de Diagnostic in vitro, Saint-Denis Cedex 93285, France; 3Medical and Surgical Inte


Hui Nie,1,2 Fei Wang,1 Xiaoli Zeng,2 Hairong Bao,2 Xiaoju Liu2 1The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoju Liu, Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China, Email liuxj@lzu.edu.cnBackground


Christopher Seifen,1,&ast; Katharina Ludwig,1,&ast; Christian Ruckes,2 Christoph Matthias,1 Haralampos Gouveris1 1Sleep Medicine and Neurostimulation Center & Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 2Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Haralampos Gouveris, Sleep Medicine and Neurostimu


Ling Wang,1,2,* Xue-Min Qiu,1,2,* Yu-Yan Gui,1,2 Ying-Ping Xu,1,2 Hans-J&amp;uuml;rgen Gober,3 Da-Jin Li11Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacy, Wagner Jauregg Hospital and Children&amp;rsquo;s Hospital, Wagner Jauregg Weg, Linz, Austria


In Fall, 2011, the Penn State University Libraries administration established a leadership development program. The goal of the program is to “create learning opportunities and experiences for faculty who aspire to leadership positions within and beyond the Libraries” (Penn State, 2011). The authors were two of the four members of the inaugural class who were selected to participate in the program. Since a leadership program had not been undertaken before at the University Libraries, the agenda


Fei Gao,1,* Ying Gao,2,* Yang-feng Liu,3 Li Wang,4 Ya-jun Li1 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi&amp;rsquo;an Medical University, Xi&amp;rsquo;an, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi&amp;rsquo;an Jiaotong University, Xi&amp;rsquo;an, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, People&amp;rsquo;s Liberation Army No. 451 Hospital, Xi&


Olivia Liu,1 Suzanne M Grieb,2 Jordan N Halsey,3 Rachel B Levine,4,5 Maria Oliva-Hemker,2,5 Jennifer K Lee5,6 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA; 2Department of Pediatrics, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD, USA; 4Department of Medicine, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD, USA; 5Office of Faculty, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD, USA; 6Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD,


Jana Vyskocilova,1 Jan Prasko,2 Jiri Sipek3 1Faculty of Humanities, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, 3Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether patients with obsessive&ndash;compulsive disorder (OCD) resistant to drug therapy may improve their conditi


Stacey Lovo,1 L Harrison,1 ME O’Connell,2 C Trask,3 B Bath1,3 1School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada; 2College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada; 3Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, CanadaCorrespondence: Stacey LovoSchool of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, E


Goran Medic,1,2 Nikos Kotsopoulos,3 Mark P Connolly,2,3 Jennifer Lavelle,4 Vincent Norlock,4 Manish Wadhwa,4 Belinda A Mohr,5 Wayne M Derkac4 1Chief Medical Office, Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, Netherlands; 2Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; 3Global Market Access Solutions LLC, Charlotte, NC, USA; 4BioTelemetry, Inc., A Philips Company, Malvern, PA, USA; 5Chief Medical Office, Philips, Cambridge, MA, USACorrespondence: Goran MedicChief Medical Office, Phi


Feimin Yang,1 Qian Zhang,1 Wei Kong,1 Hongdan Shen,1 Jing Lu,1 Xiaolong Ge,1 Yiyu Zhuang2 1Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China; 2Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal cancer toward being informed of the truth


Alessandra Bartoli,1,2 Carmela Cursaro,1 Hajrie Seferi,1 Pietro Andreone3,4 1Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 2Post Graduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 3Chief of Division of Internal Medicine and metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of


Shujing Chen,1 Changhui Wang,2 Bing Li,3 Guochao Shi,4 Huiping Li,5 Jing Zhang,1 Yutong Gu,1 Jian Zhou,1 Yuanlin Song,1 Chunxue Bai1 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People&amp;rsquo;s Hospital, 3Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 4Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 5Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai


Lei Xue,1 Yan Hu,1 Jian Wang,1 Xin Liu,1 Xingbing Wang1,21Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Hematology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaBackground: Relapse is a major problem in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and adversely affects


Dennis Mseu,1 Betty Mkwinda Nyasulu,2 Sadandaula Rose Muheriwa3 1Nurses and Midwives Council of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi; 2Basic Studies Department, Kamuzu College of Nursing, University of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi; 3Department of Maternal and Child Health, Kamuzu College of Nursing, University of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi Purpose: This study evaluated knowledge and practices of childbearing women on key childcare practices within the Safe Motherhood project, administered by the Ntcheu District H


Legesse Eshetu,1 Regea Dabsu,2 Geletta Tadele2 1Department of Microbiology, Nekemte Regional Laboratory, Nekemte, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia Background: Food-borne diseases are a public-health problem in developed and developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in developed countries, up to 30% of the population suffers from food borne diseases each year and more in develop


Shweta Shah,1 Christopher M Blanchette,1 Joseph C Coyle,2 Marc Kowalkowski,3 Susan T Arthur,2 Reuben Howden1,21Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA; 2Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA; 3Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC, USAObjective: We investigated the impact of preexisting COPD and its subtypes, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, on overall sur


Bronwyn Myers,1,2 Tara Carney,1,2 Felicia A Browne,3 Wendee M Wechsberg3&amp;ndash;6 1Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa; 2Division of Addiction Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 3Substance Use and Gender Research (SUGAR) Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; 4Department of Public Health, Health Policy and Administration, Gill


Kristina Semkova,1 Georgi Tchernev,2 Uwe Wollina31Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria; 2Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Saint Kliment Ohridski University, Sofia, Bulgaria; 3Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, GermanyAbstract: Erosive pustular dermatosis is a rare noninfectious disease of the scalp or legs. Clinical findings are nonspecific, with crusts, atrophy, and pus


Radhouane Achour,1 Marianne Koch,2 Yosra Zgueb,3 Uta Ouali,3 Rim Ben Hmid1 1Emergency Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternity and Neonatology Center of Tunis, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, El Manar University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna Austria; 3Psychiatry Department, Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, El Manar University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia Background: Vaginismus affects up to 1% of the female popula


Yu Jing,1,* Xue Shen,2,* Qian Mei,3 Weidong Han3 1Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital, 2Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 3Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of&amp;nbsp;China *These authors contributed equally to&amp;nbsp;this work Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of heterogeneous clonal he


Zhihua Sun,2,* Qiuhui li,1,* Sheng Zhang,1 Jing Chen,1 Lili Huang,3 Jinghua Ren,1 Yu Chang,1 Yichen Liang,1 Gang Wu1 1Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Oncology department, Xiangyang central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Radiation Oncology Department, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People&amp


Teerapan Seehanantawong,1 Pisut Pongchaikul,2 Rujira Wattanayingcharoenchai,1 Komkrit Aimjirakul,1 Orawee Chinthakanan,1 Pitak Santanirand,3 Jittima Manonai1 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Ramathibodi Medical School, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospi


Ding Guo,1,2 Bin Zhang3 1Graduate School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bin Zhang, Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street,


Branko Aleksic,1 Agnieszka Arthur,2 Mika Kasai-Prince,1 Basile Chretien,1 Itzel Bustos-Villalobos,1 Carolin Plewa,3 Hideki Kasuya,1 Amanda J Page,2 Andrew CW Zannettino,2,&ast; Hiroshi Kimura4,&ast; 1Department of International Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; 2Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; 3Adelaide Graduate Research School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Aus


Chengfei Feng,1,&ast; Jijin Wen,2,&ast; Guozhong Lai,3,&ast; Xiaofan Lu,2 Guanli Luo,2 Yali Lu,2 Wei Li,2 Renchun Lai2 1Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology


Lei Gao,1,&ast; Ying Chen,1,&ast; Chaorong Xie,1 ZhiYang Zhang,1 Qinyi Yan,1 Qi Xuan Fu,1 Mingsheng Sun,1 Ling Zhao1– 3 1Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease (Chengdu University of TCM), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 3Acupuncture & Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s


Nada Assaf,1 Salim Jamil Sharab,2 Carla Monsef,1 Nagi S El Saghir3 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; 2Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; 3Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonCorrespondence: Nada Assaf, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon,


Qiujin Zhu,1,2,&ast; Shangheng Fan,1,2,&ast; Jingru Mou,1,2 Manlu Zhao,1,2 Changlu Li,1,2 Benben Yang,1,2 Yihan Shangguan,1,2 Xia Chen,3 Yulan Cai1– 3 1Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, Kweichow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, Gu


Monira Alwhaibi,1,&ast; Noha Al Aloola,1,&ast; Madhawi AlSawnadi,2 Norah Alhumud2 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Pharmacy Department, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Monira Alwhaibi, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh, 11149, Saudi Arabia, Email malwhaibi@ksu.edu.saO


Figure 1 shows a circular tunnel is excavated in a continuous, homogeneous, isotropic, initially elastic rock mass subjected to a hydrostatic stress po. The tunnel surface is subjected to an internal pressure pi. As pi is gradually reduced, the radial displacement occurs and a plastic region develops around the tunnel when pi is less than the initial yield stress.


Figure 1 An authentic segment of the Berlin Wall—with its rigid lines and repeating patterns—remains at Bernauer Strasse, where evenly spaced floodlights illuminated escape attempts.Puffy clouds fi...


Figure 5 Fifty per cent majority rules consensus tree from a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 51 morphological characters. Posterior probabilities (PP) are given to the left of the corresponding node. Nodes colored based on support: PP ≥ 0.90 black; PP 0.80–0.89 grey; PP < 0.80 white.


Figure 5 Altitudinal distribution range of species of Sphaeriidae: P. amnicum (Kuiper 1972, Hubenov 2007); P. casertanum (Mouthon 1983); M. lacustre (Piechocki 1989); P. personatum (Kuiper et al. 1989); P. subtruncatum (Clewing et al. 2013) (the crossmarks and the horizontal bars on the boxes refer to the mean and median, respectively).


Figure 2 Bowen's disease. "Clonal" proliferation of single and nested atypical cells within all layers of the epidermis (arrows). Tumor cells are positive for AE1/AE3 and negative for MART-1.Chapter 28:Figure 3 Melanoma in situ. A typical cells within the lower to mid layers of the epidermis (arrow). Tumor cells are positive for MART-1.


Figure 1.Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears taken from a patient with ZBTB16-RARA acute promyelocytic leukemia.Large distinctive round promyelocyte cells with round nuclei were observed in the peripheral blood (A) and bone marrow (B) (magnification: 1000 x , Wright-Giemsa staining).


Table S2. Statistics for paired t-tests of â accuracy errorâ of each synthetic miRNA from the mean for each method. Percent difference is calculated as the percent difference of the first method in the comparison relative to the second, thus Clontech had 4.55% less error than Illumina. Percent difference was calculated using more precise means than the rounded means shown in the table. Significant findings are highlighted in yellow. (XLSX 41 kb)


Table S1. TE class and family mappability scores. Percent of elements in each TE class and family with completely unique mappability scores based on Bowtie alignment of 76â bp simulated reads allowing for 3 mismatches. (XLSX 8 kb)


Table 1. A comprehensive table for the fundamental geochemical information of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale and testing results of the shale desorbed gases Table 2. Geochemical characteristics of shale gas released in the desorption experiments of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale of Well EFD1


Figure 25 Phylogenetic reconstruction of Baetiella species based on Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene. The highlighted clades represent the newly described Baetiella species from Thailand with high bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BS/PP) supporting. Pink circles on branches indicate PP > 0.9. Colored vertical boxes indicate species-delimitation hypothesis (i.e., MOTUs) according to the ASAP and mPTP methods.


Figure 2 - \n \n a–j Culicoides (A.) fenggangensis sp. n. a Head, anterior view b Eye contiguous, anterior view c Left palpus, anterior view d Right palpus, anterior view e Mandibular teeth f Thorax and legs, lateral view g Apex of hind tibia and base of first tarsomere, posterior view. h Apex of hind tibia and base of first tarsomere, posterior view. i Spermathecae j Genitalia, ventral view (Female: a–c, e–i; Male: d, j).


Figure 4. Leptomithrax lowryi sp. nov., holotype male (cl 40.7 mm, pcl 34.3 mm) (MNHN-IU-2022-187), New Caledonia: (A) right side of orbital region (dorsal view); (B) right side of orbital region (ventral view); (C, D) epistome, antennae, antennules, buccal cavity and third maxillipeds; (E) left third maxilliped; (F) posterior view of carapace.


Fig. 5. Detailed histology of the humeri of capitosaurid amphibian Cyclotosaurus intermedius Sulej and Majer, 2005, UOBS 0216 (A) and trematosau- rid amphibian Metoposaurus krasiejowensis (Sulej, 2002), UOBS 02431 (B); from Krasiejów (Poland), Upper Triassic. A1,A2, close-up of the primary cortex consisting of less-organised parallel-fibered bone; A3, fibrous, "metaplastic-like tissue" on the medial bone side; A4, close-up from A3 of the unorganized, fibrous "metaplastic-like tissue"; B1, B2, cl


Fig. 2. Distribution map of Nemoptera sinuata: yellow circle — bibliographic data; red circle — Koban vill. Рис. 2. Карта распространениЯ Nemoptera sinuata: ЖЁлтые точки — литературные данные; краснаЯ точка — с. Кобан.


Fig. 2 Third upper right molar tooth of "Mammut" cf. obliquelophus from Abkhareh village, Varzeghan, Iran. A, Occlusal view; Key (Tobien, 1996): a.cr.1, anterior crescentoid of the first loph; a.cr.2, anterior crescentoid of the second loph; cg, cingulum; clts.po, conelets on the posttrite (secondary or adaxial conelets); clts.pr, conelets on the pretrite (secondary or adaxial conelets); pa, paracone; p.cr.1, posterior crescentoid of the first loph; p.cr.2, posterior crescentoid of the second lo


Fig. 1, a — male individual in breeding season; b — digitized image of P. sophore with the 14 landmarks (red points) used for the geometric morphometric analysis: c — scatter plot of 14 landmarks configurations after Procrustes Superimposition.


Fig. 2. Lance lacewing Vetosmylus maculosus gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, CNU−NEU−NN2019002P/C) from Aalenian–Bajocian boundary (Middle Jurassic) of Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, China. Photographs of part (A1) and counterpart (A2). Line drawings of forewing (A3), hind wing (A4). Abbreviations: A, anal veins; CuA/P, anterior/posterior cubitus; MA/P, anterior/posterior branch of media; RA/P, anterior/posterior branch of radius; Sc, subcosta.


Fig. 4. Phylogenetic position of the Peski sauropod (Diplodocoidea indet.) within Diplodocoidea on the strict consensus trees recovered by phylogenetic analyses based on Matrix 1 (A, B) and Matrix 2 (C–E). A, C, NONA parsimony ratchet analysis; B, E, TNT New Technology search with defaults settings; D, TNT New Technology Search with stabilized consensus and TBR. Abbreviations: Dc, Dicraeosauridae; Dp, Diplodocidae; R, Rebbachisauridae.


Figure 3: Known geographical distribution of: (1) Tarsoporosus anchicaya, (2) Tarsoporosus flavus, (3) Tarsoporosus kugleri, (4) Tarsoporosus macuira sp. n., and (5) Tarsoporosus yustizi; black squares indicate undetermined populations of this genus.


Fig. 1 Map showing the global distribution range of Thymallus species. Information on sampling sites and species is given in Table S1. Numbers in the map refer to known contact zones of the following species: 1 = T. arcticus s.l. and T. baicalensis in the lower Enisei River; 2 = T. arcticus s.l. and T. baicalolenensis in the lower Lena River; 3 = T. nikolskyi and T. baicalensis in tributaries of the upper Ob River; 4 = T. baicalolenensis and T. baicalensis in tributaries of Lake Baikal; 5 = T. g


Fig. 1. A grey-headed albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma) chick at Greyheaded Albatross Ridge on Marion Island with drooping wings. A chick sitting with a normal posture can be seen in the background. Photo: P.G. Ryan.


Fig. 3 Characterization of clad- odes and flowers of the hybrid and its parents in Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil. Left, Xiquexique gounellei: cladode (A), lateral (B) and frontal (C) views of flower. In the middle, X.× heptagonus: cladode (D), side (E) and frontal (F) view of the flower of hybrid. Right, X. tuberculatus: cladode (G), side view (H) and front (I) of the flower of (Bar scale= 1 cm)


Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree based on 322 partial sequences of cox1 of 61 taxa, including the seven Sarcocystis species (types 1–7) from this study and inferred using the neighbour-joining method and with evolutionary distances computed using the p-distance method. Bootstrap support (1000 replicates) is shown at each node. Subtrees formed by two or more haplotypes of the same species have been collapsed. The number of haplotypes included is given in parentheses. The number of sequences of each Sarc


Fig. 6. Aedeagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views. A–D. Onitis excavatus Arrow, 1931, AIMB/Co/Sc1000037. E–H. O. falcatus (Wulfen, 1786), AIMB/Co/Sc1000070. I–L. O. bhomorensis sp. nov., NIM/NBAIR/COL/ONIT/H-271023A. M–P. O. punctatostriatus Janssens, 1937, AIMB/ Co/Sc1000492. (Images: AIMB).


Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Ciliophora (A-D). A, B, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of Hemicycliostyla sphagni after protargol impregnation; C, ventral view of Pseudokeronopsis songi from life; D, E, ventral (D) and dorsal (E) view of P. songi after protargol impregnation. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, D), 10 μm (C).


Figure 6. Mean abundances (ind. in tsd./m2, 0 –10 cm, n = 2) for the three eudominant Gamasina morphospecies (Afrodacarellus spec.1, Multidentorhodacarus cf. aegypticus -a, Afrogamasellus cf. nyinabitabaensis). sav = savanna, others as in Tab. 1.


Figure 6. Sclerotized parts of the genitals and haptor of Quadriacanthus halajiani sp. nov. With the male copulatory organ (MCO), accessory piece (AP), ventral bar (VB), ventral anchor (VA), ventral cuneus (Vcn), dorsal bar (DB), dorsal anchor (DA), dorsal cuneus (Dcn), (I-VII) hooks. Scale bar: 20 µm.


Figure 14. Phylogenetic relationships of Spermophilus nogaici and other Marmotina. Single most parsimonious tree recovered from phylogenetic analysis of 58 craniodental characters (for details see Supporting Information, Appendixes S2 and S3). Decay index values (>1) are above nodes and bootstrap values (≥50%) are below nodes.


Fig. 3 Megateuthis from the Middle Jurassic of Rumelange Luxembourg. a, c, nearly complete rostrum and phragmocone of M. suevica, MNHNL BM786. b, d phragmocone of M. sp., MNHNL BM648. e longitudinally cut rostrum with apical part of the phragmocone of M. sp., MNHNL BM350


Table 1. Taxa included in the phylogenetic analyses. SpeciesStrain No.GenBank Accession No.ITSRPB1RPB2TEFAkanthomyces aculeatusHUA 772KC519371KC519366А. attenuatusCBS 402.78AJ292434EF468888EF468935EF468782А. coccidioperitheciatusNHJ 6709JN049865EU369067EU369086А. farinosaCBS 541.81AY624180JQ425686А. kanyawimiaeTBRC 7242MF140751MF140784MF140808MF140838TBRC 7243MF140750MF140783MF140807MF140837TBRC 7244MF140752MF140836А. lecaniiCBS 101247JN049836DQ522407DQ522466DQ522359А. sulphureusTBRC 7247MF14075


Table 1. Aggregation and spatial distribution of Asiatic citrus psyllid eggs. Abbreviations: m – mean, Var – variance, K – estimation by maximum likelihood method (Bliss & Fisher 1953), ID – index of dispersion,m*–meancrowding,m*/m–Lloyd’sindexofpatchiness,λ–clumpsize. MonthmVarKIDm*m*/mλ1998Apr0.623.120.1610.238.8528.601.82Aug0.404.530.0411.3310.5026.262.25Sept1.6430.900.0948.1748.17113.8411.43Oct1.129.300.1622.0719.8971.233.571999Jan0.548.980.0414.9925.0090.366.07Feb1.4472.800.03


Fig. 7. A – Necydalis ulmi female on bough of beech, one its host plants; B – Stictoleptura rufa female feeding on Apiaceae; C – Trichoferus pallidus male on its host plant Quercus coccifera. Photos: AW; D – Rosalia alpina male resting on leaves of beech, its host plant. Photo: JTD.


Fig. 2. Cryptodrassus khajuriai (Tikader & Gajbe, 1976) comb. nov., ♀, holotype of Drassyllus jabalpurensis Gajbe, 2005 (NZC-ZSI-5452/18). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Eyes of the same, dorsal view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Same, dorsal view. E. Label from type bottle. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm.


Fig. 8. The plastron of Baena hatcheri; from Red Deer river. One-half natural size. /&',Intergular shield; G, Gular do.; HUM, Humeral do.; PEC, Pectoral do.; AB, Abdominal do.; FEM, Femoral do.; AN, Anal do.: ep, Epiplastral bone; entp, Entoplastral do.; hyp, Hyoplastral do.; msp, Mesoplastral do.; hpp, Hypoplastral do.; xp, Xiphiplastral do.; * centre of front margin of carapace


Fig. 8. Adeonellopsis japonica (Ortmann, 1890). A. Distal end of branch just starting to bifurcate, showing young autozooids and gonozooids (NSMT-BryR277). B. Enlargement of young gonozooids, showing peripheral rim with rows of granulation perpendicular to margin, and large multiporous spiramen (NSMT-BryR277). C. Autozooids in middle of branch, showing immersed spiramen (NSMT- Bry R 193). D. Basal part of branch, showing autozooids, and some kenozooids with closed orifice (NSMT-BryR36). E. Young


Fig. 9. Stratigraphic profile of the east wall of the John Day valley south of Kimberly from Spring Creek to Rose Creek. Downfaulting of the Rose Creek Member along the Rose Creek fault and at faults in the vicinity of Spring Creek results in offset of>300 ft (from ~2735 to ~2400 ft) over a distance of 1 mi (1.6 km). The profile continues to the south in figure 10.


Figure 4. Distichodus antonii (B0-021-P-0873-0874) from the Loboya River, affluent of the Maiko River, Upper Congo (DRC), 89.4 mm SL. (A) Lateral view; (B) Detail of the colour pattern on the adipose fin.


Figure 2. Analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient to test for a relationship between the water level of the Negro River and the number of larvae of Passalus abortivus between April 1996 and March 1997 at the ecological station of Anavilhanas, Novo Airão, Amazonas State.


Figure 134. Epigyna of outgroup taxa: A, Larinioides cornutus (Araneidae) ventral view (SEMFAP004). B, Mangora gibberosa (Araneidae) ventral view; insert, close up of scape tip (SEMFAP014). C, Metepeira labyrinthea (Araneidae) ventral view (SEMFAP007). D, Cyclosa conica (Araneidae) spermathecae (SEMFAP008). E and F, Herennia multipuncta (Nephilidae) spermathecae (SEMFAP026).


Figure 3. Photograph of Pietraroiasuchus ormezzanoi (Lower Albian of Pietraroia Plattenkalk, Italy) specimen PC-2 exposed in dorsal aspect. The illustration of the skeleton is based on photographs of the specimen and drawn using Adobe Illustrator. 1, 2, and 3, ribs; I–VIII, osteoderms of the dorsal armour.


Fig. 1: Geographische Situation. 1: Tongrube Liesberg Amtil BL, 2: Graitery Vieille Cooperie BE, 3: Les Grangettes W Les Rangiers JU, 4: Côte de la Rise W les Forges zwischen Berlincourt und Undervelier JU. (Koordinaten der Lokalitäten sind bei den Figuren 3-5 angegeben).


Fig. 3. Aplectana hylambatis. A — female, general view; B — male, general view; C — male, anterior extremity, lateral view; D — male, posterior extremity, ventral view; E — female, posterior extremity, lateral view; F — gubernaculum, lateral view; G — vulva, ventral view.


Fig. 5. Representation of the sets P and Q in the Cartesian plane and in PP, both with two classes. (a) The set P of vectors is linearly separable; (b) The set Q is not linearly separable. (c) PP representing the sets P and Q through PFE, suggesting a simple and a robust classifier for P and Q, respectively. The example is only illustrative and not related to the sets analyzed in this paper.


Figure 11. Evolution of centroid size (CS) along the phylogeny for the studied species. A, distal partial femur; B, tibia; C, fibula. The cladogram used here is the same composite one as used in Figure 1. Computations were made on log-transformed CS. Values at nodes and along branches were reconstructed based on a Brownian Motion model of evolution (Revell, 2012). Colour codes for taxa follow Figure 1.


Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Stillabothrium campbelli sp. n. from Himantura cf. pastinacoides. A – scolex; letters indicate locations of other SEMs; B – bothridium; C – distal bothridial surface at third loculus (upper half) and transverse septum (lower half); D – proximal bothridial surface with rim; E – proximal bothridial surface near rim; F – strobila. White arrowheads indicate cilia in Fig. 7C,D.


Figure 4. Morphological (Lucinda, 2008) and molecular (Thomaz et al., 2019) phylogenetic hypotheses proposed for Phalloceros. Shaded rectangles indicate the lineage of the sinistral Phalloceros (= Phalloceros leptokeras).


Figure 1 Phases of flowing and drying alternate annually in the naturally intermittent Albarine River (France), a focal DRN of DRYvER. About half of EU's river channels now flow intermittently and this fraction is increasing. Photos: T. Datry.


Figure 13 Left: Soil gas flux measurements with chambers connected by Teflon tubes implemented in disturbed soil (Photo Erik Daber). Right: Schematic set-up of the energy harvesting sub-units planned for use with the soil probe – A1.


Figure 11 - Opisthoporodesmus obtectus Silvestri, 1899, ♂ ?holotype from Papua New Guinea; A segments 8 and 9, dorsal view B posterior body part, dorsal view C right gonopod, subcaudal view. Depicted not to scale. After Silvestri (1899).


Figure 56 - A–F Gandanameno sp., scanning electron micrographs of prosoma and chelicerae. A–D male from Harare, Zimbabwe (AcAT 2005/123, NCA) E, F male from Hanover, South Africa (SAM 9465, SAM) A prosoma, anterior view, arrow indicates clypeal hood B prosoma, lateral view C, E left chelicerae, lateral view, arrow in E indicates cheliceral boss D detail of left chelicerae showing absence of cheliceral boss F detail of left chelicerae showing cheliceral boss.


Figure 6. Melita lowryi sp. nov., holotype male, ca. 12 mm, CMNZ 2015.149.4190, Rangitoto Reef, Auckland Harbour, New Zealand; paratype female, 12.5 mm, CMNZ 2015.149.4191, same data. Scale lines represent 0.5 mm.


Figure 12. Tetilla sibirica: (a, b) habitus; (c–h) scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of spicules; (c) large oxea; (d) small oxea; (e) anatriaene; (e1) basal end of anatriaene; (f) basal end of protriaene sagittal; (g) protriaene normal; (h) sigma.


Fig. 10. Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He sp. nov. A–D, F. Paratype, ♂ (SEM CAS 14098456). E, G–H. Holotype, ♂ (SEM CAS 14098457). A. Head in frontal view. B–C. Head and thorax in dorsal and lateral view, respectively. D–F. Apex of abdomen in rear dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively. G. Left hind tarsus in lateral view. H. Body in lateral view.


Figure 1. Set of linear measurements taken for the study exemplified in Hyperoodon ampullatus. (a) Skull in ventral view; (b) skull in lateral view; (c) scapula in lateral view; (d) humerus in lateral view; (e) radius in lateral view.


Figure 1. Plathymenia reticulata Benth. (Fabaceae) trunk girdled by Oncideres saga (Dalman, 1823) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (a); and the rest of the tree, with the development of two lateral sprouts (I and II) one week (b); thirteen months after the girdling (c).


Fig. 1. Specimens of Scaptotrigona depilis (Moure, 1942) cleared using the protocol presented in Table 1: lateral habitus (central column, top); dorsal habitus (central column, middle); boxes show different portions of the body disarticulated, along with examples of external/internal structures made available for refined morphological inspections after the clearing procedure.


Fig. 2. Phylogenetic analysis of piroplasms based on the cox1 assay. The blue clade is Babesia lotori in raccoons in the United States by geographic variation (light blue and dark blue), the purple clade represents a separate Babesia sensu stricto species in the United States by geographic variation (light purple and dark purple), the red clade represents our western Babesia sp. in raccoons by geographic variation (light red and dark red), and the green clade is the Babesia microti- like sp. in


Fig. 1. Stratigraphical sequence of the Spinograptus species, with new data from this paper and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 1997: fig. 12. The ranges of Spinograptus spinosus (Wood, 1900) and S. clathrospinosus Eisenack, 1951 reach the Saetograptus linearis–Monograptus ceratus Biozone in the Arctic Canada (Lenz and Kozłowska−Dawidziuk 2004), which is not marked herein.


Fig. 1. A. The location of this area in Poland. B. Satellite map of the Western Tatra Mountains showing positions of sites at which dinosaur tracks have been recorded. C. Czerwone Żlebki tracksite, Poland. D. Červený Ŭplaz tracksite, Slovakia.


Fig. 1. Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera (Thiaridae, Gastropoda) in and its localities in Ukraine: 1 – the cooling pond of the Zaporizhzhya NPP (47°50'42″N; 35°56'89"E); 2 – cluster of mollusks on concrete walls of the channel of the nuclear power plant; 3 – accumulation of M. tuberculata on a stony substrate in the region of the discharge channel of the nuclear power plant, September 15, 2017; 4 – accumulation of M. tuberculata and T. granifera on reed roots.


Fig. 3. Measurements for analysing the ventral breakage of ammonoid shells. Lines A, B, and C are the reference lines: A, from the coiling centre to aperture; B, apertural marginal line of damage; C, adapical marginal line of damage. Shaded area indicates body chamber. The length and depth of the breakage were also measured.


Fig. 62. Aname tropicana sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S59009). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), re


Table 1 (continued). Main diagnostic characters (females) of the species of Typhlamphiascus considered in this study.Abbreviations: INC = inconclusive; NA = not available; segms = segments. FEMALEReferencesCaudal rami length:width ratioDivision of genital double-somiteA1 # segmsP1 EXP ENPP2 EXP ENPP3 EXP ENPEXPP4 ENPP5 EXP ENPP5 EXP shapeP5 BENP distal inner setaP5 BENP distal outer setaT. latifurcaPor (1968)1.3-1.5dorsally and ventrally8121212121212121265normalnormalnormalT. ovaleWells & Rao (1


Fig. 6 Doratomantispa ares Lu et al., 2020, holotype, male. (a) Wings; (b) Proximal portion of radial region of hind wing; (c) Hind wing CuP, arrows 1 indicating the weak proximal portion of CuP, arrow 2 indicating the vein by fusion of posterior CuP branch and anterior A1 branch; (d, e) Terminalia, lateral view. S, sternum; T, tergum; cc, callus cerci; ect, ectoprocts; gp, gonapophyses; gst, gonostyli; gx, gonocoxites. Scale bars = 1 mm (a-c), 0.25 mm (d, e)


Table 2. Barcodes sequences of Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802) retrieved from GenBank and BOLD with their accession number or BOLD process ID, collection country and reference. GenBank/BOLDCountryReferenceGenBank/BOLDCountryReferenceAF104642FranceDanforth 1999BEEEE059-15EnglandTang et al. 2018AF435364SpainDanforth 2002BEEEE106-15EnglandNo referenceGU705888GermanySchmidt et al. 2015BEEEE326-16EnglandNo referenceJQ909783IrelandMagnacca & Brown 2012GMGMA1113-14GermanyNo referenceJQ909784Irela


Fig. 21. Cotesia nonagriae (Olliff, 1893). A. ♀, habitus in dorsal view, specimen from Mackay (WINC). B. ♀, fore wing, specimen from Mackay (WINC). C. ♀, habitus in lateral view, specimen from Mackay (WINC). D. ♂, mesosoma in dorsal view, specimen from Bundaberg (WINC).


Figure 4. The range of ciliated cell shapes. (A) B. viridis, five-sided, stage 15, lateral side of the head; (B) P. venulosa, six-sided, stage 17, ventral side of the trunk; (C) H. boans, multi-sided, stage 20, ventral side of the trunk; (D) L. fuscus, circular, stage 23, ventro-posterior side of the trunk; (E) L. fuscus, oval, stage 23, ventral side of the trunk; (F) P. trinitatis, elongated, stage 20, lateral side of the trunk. Scale bars: 30 Mm (C, D, F); 35 Mm (A, B); 60 Mm (E).


Figure 2. (a) Relation between shell length and dry weight for ribbed and smooth Albinaria snails; (b) means ¡95% confidence intervals of dry weight for smooth and ribbed Albinaria shells after removing the effect of length.


Fig. 12. Arcotheres palaensis (Bürger, 1895), overall dorsal view. A, female (8.7 × 8.1 mm) (ZRC 2017.1260), Sarawak; B, ovigerous female (7.5 × 5.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.770), Peninsular Malaysia; C, ovigerous female (8.7 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2020.1), Peninsular Malaysia; D, female (7.7 × 6.2 mm) (ZRC 1993.121), Indonesia; E, female (8.8 × 7.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.764), Lombok, Indonesia; F, female with bopyrid (carapace length 6.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.762), Lombok, Indonesia; G, female (8.0 × 5.8 mm) (ZRC 2019.1879), Jap


Figure 7. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) bi-plot ordination (based upon a Euclidean distance similarity matrix) showing canonical axes (CAP1, CAP2) that best discriminate Aurelia spp. populations: A, polyps; B, ephyrae; and C, medusae. The correlation with canonical axes are only shown when the Pearson's correlation coefficient is>0.4. The length of each vector line is proportional to the strength of the correlation.


Figure 1. The distribution of R. darlingi (shaded areas) and sample localities (symbols). Squares = eastern R. darlingi; Circles (southern lineage) and triangles (northern lineage) = western R. darlingi (R. damarensis; Fig. 2). TM 9474 = holotype R. d. damarensis Namibia), TM 2476 = holotype of R. d. barbetonensis South Africa. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082614.g001


Figure 99: Geographic plot of locality data of material examined for nine species of Leiurus distributed over northeast Africa, the Levant and Arabian Peninsula. Map colored by elevation with shaded relief. Additional locality data for: L. abdullahbayrami from Yağmur et al., 2009; for L. brachycentrus Ehrenberg, 1829 stat. n., from Simon, 1882 (Buthus beccarii).


Fig. 6. Body in lateral view. A. Platybinthus punctatus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898) gen. et comb. nov., syntype, ♀ (MNHN-EO-ENSIF1448). B. Platybinthus striolatus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898) gen. et comb. nov., ♂ (ZIN). C. Platybinthus sandyi gen. et sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZB.ORTH.1786). Scale bar = 2 mm.


Figure 4. Specimen GPIH04893, †Annazomus parvulus sp. nov., holotype, details. A, metapeltidium dorsal view, photograph. B, same, interpretative drawing. C, right pedipalp in mesal view, photograph. D, same, interpretative drawing. See Material and methods for explanation of abbreviations. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C, D).


Table S11. The primers used for qRT-PCR. Table S12. Targets of miRNAs in the BV stage, VE stage, and AV stage. Table S13. Statistics for GO enrichment results. Table S14. DEGs in the VE-BV-UP vs AV-VE-DOWN and VE-BV-DOWN vs AV-VE-UP comparisons. Table S15. Concerned DEGs in the VE-BV, AV-VE, and HT-BH comparison. Table S16. The genes in the brown-module. Table S17. The targets of miR530. (XLSX 36 kb)


Figure 19 Shells of Dicharax (?) birugosus (Godwin-Austen, 1893) AAlycaeus canaliculus Godwin-Austen, 1914, (NHMUK 1903.7.1.2764) BA. birugosus Godwin-Austen, 1893, syntype (NHMUK 1903.7.1.2628). Photographs: Kevin Webb (NHM).


Figure 1 Caromiobenellaohtsukai sp. n., male holotype (MABIK CR00244260) A Habitus in dorsal view with pit-setae 1–15 of right side indicated B Habitus in lateral view with poorly developed oral papilla indicated (arrow). Two lateral and one ventral eyes are indicated using dotted-lines (cf. Fig. 1A, B). Scale bar in micrometers.


Figure 9 Signa of corpus bursae of female genitalia of Monopis jussii sp. nov. A paratype, Finland, Yli-Kiiminki, M. Mutanen leg., L. Kaila prep. 6324 B paratype, Finland, Kiiminki, M. Mutanen leg., L. Kaila prep. 6325 C paratype, Finland, Yli-Kiiminki, M. Mutanen leg., L. Kaila prep. 6322 D paratype, Finland, Kiiminki, M. Mutanen leg., L. Kaila prep. 6326.


Figure 4 - Photographs of edible larvae of Notodontidae (a–e) and Erebidae (f), collected in the Province Uíge. a Anaphe panda (1) larva (2) male imago b Anaphe venata (1) larva, (2) male imago, c Notodontidae sp. 1 d Notodontidae sp. 2 (left) and e Notodontidae sp. 4 (right) f Sciatta inconcisa (1) larva, (2) male imago.


Figure 2 Characters of Annamosdara jianfengensis sp. nov., holotype. A. Left antenna in dorsal view; B. Mentum in ventral view; C, D. Prosternal process in ventral and lateral view, respectively; E. Mesosternum and metasternum in oblique view; F, G. Body in ventral and lateral view, respectively; H. Head and pronotum in dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–E); 3 mm (F–H).


Figure 38 Omobrachyiulus kvavadzei sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A) and ♂ paratype from near mouth of Khekpara River, AR Ajara, Georgia (ZMUM) (B, C) A habitus B head and body rings 1–4 C telson, lateral views. Not to scale.


Figure 7. Pimplinae community composition, as measured by the first axis of a Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS1, see Figure 6) across sampling sites (n = 15), against the first Principal Component (PC1) of the habitat variables at those sites (see Table 4). The line is the linear regression (±95% CI in gray). The figure demonstrates that pimpline community composition is very strongly associated with differences in habitat characteristics across sites.


Fig. 4. The concentration of malate and citrate in the metallicolous (M) and nonmetallicolous (NM) plants of D. carthusianorum after 14 days of Pb treatment. Means +/— SE of 4–5 independent repetitions. The values followed by the same letters (within an ecotype) are not significantly different at p <0.05. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the ecotypes at the same treatments (p <0.05).


Figure 4 Pheidole curupira n. sp. Major worker,holotype, CASENT0742949:(A) full-face view (B) lateral view (C) hypostomal margin (D) dorsal view. Minor worker, paratype, CASENT0742950: (E) full-face view (F) profile view (G) dorsal view. Scale bar 0.5 mm. 3D model and rotation video (Supp 7 and 8 [online only]).


Fig. 1. Information on collection sites of specimens of Dendrodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924 (1864). A. Location of collection sites along the Iranian coast line. B. Bandar Lengeh, collection site exposed at low tide. C. Lavan Island, collection site exposed at low tide.


Fig. 8. Multisparsid cyclostome bryozoan Reptomultisparsa harae sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Inferior Oolite of England and ore−bearing clays of the Polish Jura. A. Holotype NHM D52832, Upper Bajocian, Shipton Gorge, Dorset, UK. A1, colony with gonozooids; A2, close−up of a gonozooid; A3, autozooids, some of which have terminal diaphragms; A4, pseudopores. B. Paratype, GIUS 8−3509−16, Middle Bathonian, Bugaj, Polish Jura. B1, autozooids and worn gonozooid; B2, pseudopores. Scale bars 1 mm (


Fig. 2. Book gill of Limulus polyphemus Linnaeus, 1758. A. Dorsal view of left first branchial appendage of instar stage 14. Endopod and exopod of the operculate division of branchial appendage as well as lamellae of book gill are shown. SEM photo. B. Dorsal view of left first branchial appendage of instar stage 4. SEM photo. C. Transparent microscopic photo of a gill lamella dyed with toluidine blue, showing osmoregulatory and respiratory area.


Fig. 28. Ibotyporanga ziruma Huber sp. nov., male from Colombia, Magdalena, Santa Marta, ZFMK Ar 24349. A–C. Left tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (bold arrow: distinctive apophysis on genital bulb). Abbreviations: lb = light band; ps = prolateral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.


Fig. 6. Histological cross sections of genital system of Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830). A. Gonad, ampulla, and prostate. B. Penis with spines (arrows) inside the muscular sheath. C. Vaginal duct and vas deferens. D. Receptaculum seminis. E. Gonad, prostate, bursa copulatrix, receptaculum seminis, proximal oviduct and a part of nidamental gland. F. Strongly folded vestibular gland (*) starting from less folded oviduct. G. Vestibular gland. H. Vestibular gland. Note the thick micro


Fig. 3. Distribution of brachiopod species and their frequency in the section at Dnistrove village. Secular pattern of δ13C (black curve) and δ18O (grey curve) values after Małkowski and Racki (2009) and Racki et al (2012). Lithology after Nikiforova et al. (1972: fig. 82).


Figure 2A-G. Polletomyia roraimense sp. nov. Male terminalia: A. Photo. B. Dorsal. C. Lateral projections of hypandrium with sclerotized bands. D. Epandrium, ventral and epiproct. E. Epandrium ventral, with subepandrial membrane and hypoproct. F. Lateral without epandrium; G. Epandrium, subepandrial membrane, and hypoproct. Abbreviations: aed = aedeagus; epd = epandrium; epp = epiproct; hyp = hypandrium; hpp = hypoproct; sem = subepandrial membrane.


Table 13. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes kathleenhannae sp. nov. (in µm). CharacterNHMD- 1786779 (♂)TL262MD4 (ac)36TL (CUM)387MD6 (ac)35MSW-661MD8 (ac)36MSW-6/TL23.3%–SW-1048SD2 (tu)14SW-10/TL18.3%LD2 (tu)14–SL2 (tu)15S132VL2 (tu)15S231LV5 (tu)15S331LV6 (ac)27S434LV7 (ac)30S537LV8 (ac)32S638LV9 (ac)34S739LD8 (tu)15S840LA8 (tu)16S941LD10(tu)15S1039LTS169S1125LTS/TL64.5%


Fig. 2. (A) Principle components analysis (PCA) plot of sample scores for nodule samples from four legume species in two environment types using 16S as a marker gene. (B) Species scores for the 309 16S amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the PCA ordination. (C) PCA plot of sample scores for nodule samples from four legume species in two environment types using nifH as a marker gene. (D) Species scores for the 306 nifH ASVs in the PCA ordination. Points in blue represent samples taken from grave


Fig. 1. Hesperoperla hoguei 23 beat monophasic male call. Collected from Domingo Spring, Plumas Co., CA, J. Sandberg, October 2006. Arrow = First call beat, a = Interbeat interval 21 (i21) and ♂C = male call.


Fig. 4. Proteocephalus demshini n. sp. from Barbatula toni, Russia. A.Scolex (host field No. RUS 195; IPCAS C-727). B. Mature proglottid, ventral view (host field No.RUS 191; IPCAS C-727); uterus not illustrated. C. Detail of terminal genitalia, ventral view (host field No. RUS 192; MHNG-PLAT 79149). D. Eggs drawn in distilled water (host field No. RUS 190; IPCAS C-727).


Figure 6. Morphology and terminology of Atractides (A–F, A. walteri, Berchtesgaden). A–D, male; A, gnathosoma, lateral view; B, gnathosoma, ventral view; C, chelicera, lateral view; D, palp, medial view; E, F, female; E, palp, medial view; F, genital field, terminology: see 'Anatomical abbreviations'; G, H, A. panniculatus ♂ Berchtesgaden, ejaculatory complex; G, anterior view; H, lateral view.


Fig. 10. Bibionomorpha from the Solite quarries. a. Yalea rectimedia Blagoderov and Grimaldi (Procramptonomyiidae), VMNH 1041. b. Yalea argentata (Krzemiński) (Procramptonomyiidae), VMNH 3673. c. Alinka cara Krzemiński (Procramptonomyiidae), YPM. d. Veriplecia rugosa Blagoderov and Grimaldi (Paraxymyiidae), VMNH 35989.


Figure 26. Left lateral view of Anhanguera in a possible landing configuration. The body is pitched up by 20°, the femur is supinated by 30° and depressed by 30°, and the pteroid is depressed by 30°. The geometric angle of attack of the wing section is 40°.


Figure 3. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree of the unique haplotypes. Bootstrap values (> 50) are shown on the nodes; Bayesian inference (BI) tree based on the analysis of the unique haplotypes. Posterior probability values (> 0.5) are shown.


Fig. 20. Excerpt from the unpublished phylogenetic analysis of the Saprininae (Lackner, unpubl. data) showing the position of Pilisaprinus verschureni, Saprinus (Phaonius) pharao Marseul, 1855 and Saprinus (s.str.) semistriatus (Scriba, 1790). Synapomorphies relevant for the phylogenetic placement of Pilisaprinus are numbered: 1 – apical third of 8th sternite of male terminalia with dense setae; 2 – majority of antennal club glabrous apart from large oval or slit-like sensory areas situated on v


Fig. 4. Distance of the newly built nests from the centre of the colony, from the edge of the colony (metres) and number of neighbouring nests within 6 metres (medians, full circles) and those of the randomly selected points (medians, empty squares) at each sampling date. 100 random points were selected for each date, sample sizes of the observed nests are shown above the medians. In the marked (*) cases the values of the observed nests dif- fered significantly from the values of the ran- dom po


Figure 37. Antikuna valladaresi sp. nov., male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0512927) from Peru, Junín, Ticlio. (a). Carapace, dorsal view. (b). Sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae, ventral view. C. Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. (d). Abdomen, dorsal view. (e). Labium and maxillae, ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by N. Ferretti.


Fig. 6. Idiogram of populations of Ribeirão Grande 1850 m a.s.l. (A) and 662 m a.s.l. (B), based on karyotype of Néo et al. (2000). The interpretation of result obtained in FISH is illustrated, for 18S and 5S rDNA probes. Chromosome B observed in the Ribeirão Grande (1850 m a.s.l.) population was metacentrically large, and totally heterochromatic. Bar = 10µm.


Fig. 64. Paralbunea dayriti (Serène and Umali, 1965): A, ♀, 10.0 mm cl, MOV J44731; B–J, Ƌ, 5.6 mm cl, USNM 304316. A. Carapace, branchiostegite, and ocular peduncles, dorsal view. B. Ocular peduncles, dorsal view. C. Right antennule, lateral view. D. Left antenna, lateral view. E. Left mandible, mesial view. F. Left maxillule, lateral view. G. Left maxilla, lateral view. H. Left maxilliped I, lateral view. I. Left maxilliped II, lateral view. J. Left maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 0.8 mm


Figure 11. Upchurch (1998) continued. A, 50% majority-rule consensus of 15 trees produced when all characters are left unordered. B, most parsimonious tree when only characters C75−C79 are left unordered. Dashed lines indicate nodes that collapse in a 50% majority-rule consensus of trees two steps longer than the most parsimonious tree.


Figure 1. Dicerapanorpa magna, from Huoditang, Ningshan, Shaanxi. (A) Male; (B) female; (C) male, dorsal view; (D) female, dorsal view; (E) head of male, frontal view; (F) notal organ of male, lateral view; (G) male abdomen, lateral view. Scale bars: C and D = 3.0 mm; E = 0.5 mm; F = 0.3 mm; G = 1.0 mm.


Fig. 1. Attributes of members of the genus Taxus: A) T. baccata tree in an old-growth forest, B) T. baccata as a trimmed hedge, C) twig of female tree with characteristic red arils, D) immature male cones (artwork courtesy of C. F. Conner).


Figure 38. Hypselospinus cf. fittoni. NHMUK R1831 (R1832). Radius, ulna, pollex, and partial carpus (right) in lateral view. Abbreviations: II−IV, articular facets for metacarpals II−IV; abs, abscess-like depression; c.gr, ungual claw groove; ls, lateral shelf; MCB, carpometacarpal block; mf, medial flange; ol, olecranon process; PO, pollex; RA, radius; rf, facet for attachment of radius; uf, facet for attachment of the ulna; UL, ulna. Scale bar = 10 cm.


Fig. 8. Reaction scheme for the formation of BOH (6) and BCOOH (8) from reactive benzaldehyde through a Cannizzaro type reaction, catalyzed by a benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (based on Wuensch et al., 2013). The proposed scheme would require only one enzymatic activity for both the oxidative and reductive half-reactions.


Figure 15. Tentative reconstruction of upper and lower dentition of Paraorthacodus jurensis displaying the dentition pattern, heterodonty, and sexual dimorphism. A, gender 1 (GPIT 1210/1, holotype). B, gender 2 (SMNS 88987/1). I, parasymphyseal tooth; II–III, anterior teeth; IV–VI, lateral teeth; VII–XI, posterior teeth; XII, commissural tooth. Figures not to scale.


Figure 12. Snakes recorded at Reserva Extrativista do Baixo Juruá. (A) Anilius scytale; (B) Epicrates cenchria; (C) Chironius fuscus; (D) Drymoluber dichrous; (E) Atractus major; (F) Atractus poeppigi; (G) Atractus torquatus; (H) Dipsas catesbyi. Photographs by VTC.


Fig. 7. Mucrocalliope ryukyuensis sp. nov., A–H, paratype, ovigerous female (OMNH-Ar-12081), 2.3 mm; I, paratype, male (OMNH- Ar-12083), 2.1 mm. A, B, Left antennae 1, 2, lateral views; A1, accessory flagellum of left antenna 1, lateral view; B1, peduncular articles 2, 3 of right antenna 2, lateral view (reversed); C, D, left gnathopods 1, 2, lateral views; E, F, oostegites on left coxae 3, 4, lateral views; G, H, left pereopods 5, 7, lateral views; I, propodus and dactylus of left gnathopod 2,


Fig. 4. Phénologie des occurrences d'Argynnis pandora en Suisse. Les mois sont divisés en quinzaines. En orange les observations anciennes (jusqu'à 1947) et en rouge les observations récentes (2005 à 2013). (Données CSCF ©)


Fig. 5. Aphelopus maculiala Olmi, Chen & Ødegaard sp. nov., ♂, holotype (SCAU 3040513). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Head, frontal view. F. Fore wing, arrow shows infuscate patch beneath pterostigma.


Fig. 1. Distribution of Pincerna species in Vietnam and Laos. Triangle: Pincerna anceyi; Grey circle: Pincerna costulosus; Black circles: Pincerna mouhoti; Squares: Pincerna vanbuensis; Star: Pincerna clausa, new species. The localities are detailed in Table 1.


Table S1. Grain size distribution of the top 12-cm sediment layer of Cock Soda Lake. Table S2. Element composition of dry sediment determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Table S3. Metrics on the metagenomic raw sequence reads and assembled contigs obtained from Cock Soda Lake in 2016. Table S4. Metrics on the metatranscriptomic raw sequence reads and assembled transcripts obtained from the top 2-cm sediment layer from Cock Soda Lake in 2016. (PDF 120 kb)


Table S1. Structures directly adjacent to the thoracic wall, 0-year-old children. Table S2. Structures directly adjacent to the thoracic wall, 5-year-old children. Table S3. Structures directly adjacent to the thoracic wall, 10-year-old children. (DOC 67 kb)


Figure 20 - Radula mittenii pictures 1. A Ventral view of female shoot B Immature perianth. C, D Ventral view of lobules on primary shoots, C showing maximal extent of imbrication, D showing typical E Gynoecium F Androecium G Transverse sections of stems from primary shoot H Leaf-lobe marginal cells. All from NSW897201


Figure 6 Trilacuna mainling sp. nov., male left palp A–F (light) and G–N (SEM) A, G prolateral view B, H dorsal view C, I retrolateral view D, M distal part of bulb, prolateral view, arrow shows the serrated structure E, K distal part of bulb, dorsal view F, N distal part of bulb, retrolateral view J, L bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A–C, G–J, L); 0.05 mm (D–F, K, M, N).


Figure 12 Male genitalia. Laetifulvius morganensisA aedeagus, dorsal view B aedeagus, left lateral view C left paramere, dorsal view D left paramere, posterior view E right paramere, dorsal view F right paramere, posterior view.


Figure 9 - Glenwood, Mason County – Roadside Ditch Cambarus bartonii cavatus and Cambarus thomai utilized roadside ditches readily; these habitats proved important for floodplain crayfish populations. Additional species observed utilizing roadside ditches included Fallicambarus fodiens and Procambarus acutus acutus.


Figure 60 Distribution map for P. obtusipennis Fedorenko (red); P. obscuratus sp. n. (cyan); P. amplus Andrewes (blue); P. gibbosus sp. n. (magenta); P. elegans sp. n. (green); P. dux Andrewes (orange).


Fig. 16. Rinhatiana gen. nov. and Tianarinha gen nov. A–K. Male gonocoxites and phallus with epandrium removed. A. R. arctifestuca gen. et sp. nov. (CSCA), ventral view. B. Same, dorsal view. C. R. cracentis gen. et sp. nov. (CSCA), ventral view. D. Same, dorsal view. E. R. latifestuca gen. et sp. nov. (CSCA), ventral view. F. Same, dorsal view. G. T. goodmani gen. et sp. nov. (CSCA), ventral view. H. Same, dorsal view. I. T. micet gen. et sp. nov. (CSCA), ventral view. J. Same, dorsal view. K.


Fig. 3. Images of the transverse surface of freeze-fixed ginkgo stem. (a) Cryo-SEM image. Cryo-TOF-SIMS positive ion images of (b) total ion, (c) m/z 38.96 as K+, (d) m/z 180 as coniferin, (e) olivil MG [M+ K]+ and olivil DG [M-glu + K]+: as m/z 577, and (f) olivil DG [M+ K]+: as m/z 739. (g) Image of cryo-TOF-SIMS sample holder showing the measurement area (ca. 3.5 × 0.4 mm). The arrows suggest the boundary of the cambial zone. The gray bars suggest cell wall deposition and the black bar sugges


Fig. 15. STRUCTURE bar plots, for species of Xerochrysum associated with X. sp. Blackfellows Gap (marked with an asterisk, *), for major clustering modes K = 4–5. Bar plots show each individual as a horizontal bar divided into segments on the basis of the proportion of ancestry suggested for four or five ancestral populations across all runs at K = 4 and 9 of the 10 runs at K = 5; n = 114. Fine black lines delineate sampling locations, numbered as in Supplementary Table S14. Of the two samples c


Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Bakuella granulifera from live (A-D) and after protargol impregnation (E-I). A, B, Ventral views arrow denotes contractile vacuole; C, Ventral view showing elliptical body shape; D, Dorsal view showing pattern of cortical granules (arrow); E, F, Ventral and dorsal views of typical specimen; G, Ventral view of midbody showing midventral rows (arrows); H, I, Three dorsal kineties (arrows); Scale bars: 50 μm (D, E).


Fig. 2. Hyattella regularis n. sp. A, external morphology; B, surface close up; C, skeletal structure; D, E, primary fibres near conules; F, regular secondary fibres; G, primary fibres at choanosome; H, thin secondary fibres with surface membrane. Scale bars: A = 1 cm, B = 5 mm, C-G = 100 μm, H = 50 μm.


Figure 18. Brucerolis victoriensis sp. nov. Holotype male (NMV J55376): dorsal view, sternites of pereonites 1–7, pleonites 1–3, medial ridge of pleonites 1–3, uropod. Paratype female (SAM): dorsal view, medial ridge of pleonites 1–3. Scale = 10 mm.


Fig. 4. Schematic molecular phylogeny of the Acanthaceae, which serves as the foundation for the present reclassification. Phylogeny represents current understanding of evolutionary relationships among major lineages of Acanthaceae based on numerous phylogenetic works, as cited throughout this study. Depicted are the 4 subfamilies (capital letters), 10 tribes (bold), and 19 subtribes (not in bold, not in caps) recognized in the present study. Key diagnostic morphological characters for the subfa


Table 2. Comparison of visceral data of Ramphotyphlops mollyozakiae and R. albiceps (mean values as % SVL). Charactermollyozakiae (n = 6)albiceps (n = 4)Shy12.07.7HMP29.832.3SHI31.934.2HLI31.934.2HGBG30.435.8RLMP46.151.6LLMP44.048.7TLS20.715.0LKG27.422.1GBMP62.970.7GBKG23.315.2GBKI32.622.9RGMP77.783.2LGMP80.284.2GKG4.81.1RAMP83.185.9LAMP84.786.7T30.833.1TLg18.320.4RLgMP40.342.7RLgPT48.851.1RBPT42.146.4TB41.045.2TBMP21.623.8HLMPD16.319.3TLMPD29.633.9LKMPD44.838.2TBGBMPD41.447.0HRGMPD47.750.9HKMPD


Table 2 Sequence alignment results of trypsin-digested peptides with known ACPs and the properties of these peptides. G. sinenseTrypsin-digested PeptidesHitsGrand average ofThe totalEstimated half-life(hours,Proteome(Acc)bhydropathicitynet chargemammalian reticulocytes, inNumbervitro)2–1aMPHLILSCSR1(88.3)0.56+1302–2aEHLPPWVLHQR1(100)0.927016VFPTTQGWVR1(33.3)0.11+110011MGAIFSAIGSAINAVVYAVADIIMIIVSVIVTIIVTIFDIIFDILCCNCFGGR2(100;1.9023045.5)14MLPVVVQNIIK2(36.4;1.35+13045.5)15YTALLGGVFYGIVHR2(83.3;0


Table 1. Selected measurements of Gravatamberus guatemalticus Specimen #Month collectedcell m setaesubcosta setaecostal extension, µm4399193OCT051754401710JUN-JUL141954401650JUN-JUL062004401625OCT051554400249JUN151804405861MAY151534401624OCT092004400246JUN171884399225JUN051554399224JUN951754406521APR18121634370228MAY17171534363952APR24141284363944FEB1171884363957APR19111334399449MAY15101654406482APR1361504406453MAY1610138


Fig. 2. Morphological terms of Crassirensselaeria crassicosta (Koch, 1881). A. Internal mould of articulated specimen (lectotype, MB.B 2090.1). Posterior view. Crural plates, dental plates, dorsal and ventral median septum preserved as negative forms. B. Latex cast of internal mould of articulated specimen (MBG 5083). Interior of posterior portions of both valves. Drawings by M.S.−G.


Fig. 2. Schematic overview of the female reproductive system in Syndesmis. B: bursa, CGA: common genital atrium, EC: egg capsule, FA: female atrium, ID: insemination duct, MA: (entrance to) male atrium, Ov: ovary, Ph: pharynx, St: stylet, SR: seminal receptacle, U: uterus, V: vagina, Vit: vitellaria.


Fig. 4. Examples of early Toarcian ammonoids with ventral breakage, from the Toyora area, Japan (for detailed locality information see Fig. 2). A. Cleviceras chrysanthemum (Yokoyama, 1904), UMUT MM 31431, loc. 8. B. Cleviceras sp., UMUT MM 31432, loc. 5. C. Dactylioceras helianthoides Yokoyama, 1904), UMUT MM 31433, loc. 10. D. Fontanelliceras fontanellense (Gemmellaro, 1885), UMUT MM 31434, loc. 10. E. Fuciniceras nakayamense (Matsumoto, 1947), UMUT MM 31435, loc. 3. F. Protogrammoceras onoi Hi


Fig. 26. Carcharhinus mancinae sp. nov. referred specimens. A–C. MSC 38426.16, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. A. Lingual view. B. Labial view. C. Mesial view. D–F. MSC 38424.1, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. D. Lingual view. E. Labial view. F. Mesial view. G–I. MSC 38424.5, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. G. Lingual view. H. Labial view. I. Mesial view. J–L. MSC 38424.3, upper lateral tooth, basal Gosport Sand. J. Lingual view. K. Labial view. L. Mesial view. M–O. MS


Fig. 23. Tylopus baenzigeri Golovatch & Enghoff, 1993, ♂. A. Habitus, live coloration. B–C. Anterior part of body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. D–E. Segments 10 and 11, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. F–H. Posterior part of body, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, respectively. I–J. Sternal cones between coxae 4, subcaudal and sublateral views, respectively.


Figure 4. Anatomical details of Austroconomorphus slipinskii gen. et sp. nov. A, head, dorsal view; B, maxillary palp; C, labial palp; D, antenna; E, prothorax, dorsal view; F, ditto, lateral view; G, ditto, ventral view; H, elytron; I, prothoracic leg. Scale bars: A, D, E, F, G, I, 0.2 mm; B, C, 0.1 mm; H, 0.5 mm.


Figure 14. Stegana (Oxyphortica) mengwan Wang and Chen, sp. nov., male terminalia. (a) epandrium, cercus and surstylus (lateral view); (b) surstylus and gonopods (ventral view); (c, d) hypandrium, aedeagus and aedeagal apodeme (ventral and lateral views). Scale lines = 0.1 mm.


Fig. 2. Lobofemora bachmaensis sp. nov. ♂, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Habitus, ventral view. D. Anterior part of body, dorsal view. E. Apex of abdomen, dorsal view. F. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. G. Apex of abdomen, ventral view. H. Anterior part of body, lateral view. D–H = not to scale.


Figure 1. Cleidella picea gen. nov. et sp. nov., holotype male: (A) habitus, dorsal; (B) habitus, lateral; (C) head and pronotum, lateral; (D) antenna, lateral; (E) head and pronotum, dorsal; (F) head and prosternum, ventral.