Mammals that are viviparous are called therian mammals.

Whale sharks are viviparous , giving birth to live young.

Therian mammals give birth to live young, called live birth.


By Jurassic times, mouse-sized therians with jaws and hair had evolved.

Mouse-sized viviparous mammals evolved by Jurassic times.


Cuticle helps prevent water loss, abrasions, infections, and damage from toxins.

A plant's skin helps prevent water loss, abrasions, infections, and damage from toxins.


Here and on the lamina the upper epidermis has a thick cuticle.

The upper epidermis has a layer which helps prevent water loss, abrasions, infections, and damage from toxins.


the nail's protection prevent water loss, abrasions, infections, and damage from toxins.


Infections are typically accompanied by the presence of white spots on the cuticle.

Cuticles help shield the entry inside the body to prevent disease.


An animal that is a predator gets food by killing and hunting other animals.

getting food by killing requires seeing prey


hunting requires seeing prey
Totally blind people see nothing.

Hunting would be harder for a blind animal


An animal is prey when another animal hunts and kills it for food.


hunting requires seeing prey
Owls see very well at night.


hunting requires seeing prey
Predators attack, kill and eat prey.

Hunting allows for predators to attack, then kill and eat.


Predators are animals that hunt other animals.


hunting requires seeing prey
Humans see with our eyes.


Cat vision is designed for detecting motion, useful for hunting.


hunting requires seeing prey
Vision is our ability to see.


Birds have a large brain relative to the size of their body.


Creatures with feathers and wings have a large brain relative to the size of their body


Petrels, seagulls, and other birds snatch the eggs, babies, and very old, weak penguins.

Seagulls have a large brain relative to the size of their body.


Some species of reptiles can go several weeks between meals.

After eating a large animal, the Bull Snake needs no food for a long time, and it rests for weeks.

A bull snake can go a long time between meals


Some species of snakes can go several weeks between meals.


some snakes can go several weeks between meals


geckos can go several weeks between meals


Alligators are reptiles, and they generally only eat once a week.

Some alligators can go several weeks between meals.


Some species of reptiles can go several weeks between eating food.


Culture can also dictate the times to eat and what to eat at certain meals.

Some species of reptiles can go several weeks without eating.


Crocodiles and gharials are two of the 446 reptile species found.

crocodiles can go several weeks between meals


Some species of cold blooded animals can go several weeks between meals


Reptiles and amphibians are fed once a week.

Some species of amphibians are fed once a week.


some snakes can go several weeks between meals.


Progesterone is a natural hormone produced by the ovaries.


Humans are produced by two-parent reproduction.


Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary.

The release of an egg during ovulation is used in reproduction.


Reproductive freedom means women can give birth to wanted' babies.

the ovaries are used in giving birth to babies


Just like humans, female flowers have ovaries.


Reproduction Organisms create young of their species by reproduction.

The ovaries are used in creating the young of a species


Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that prevents the conception of children.


the ovaries are used in reproduction
Egg released by the ovary.


The ovaries are used for women to give birth to babies.


Plant reproduction is similar to animal reproduction.

the ovaries are used by animals and plants


Bladder infections can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor.

Infection of the bladder is called cystitis.

cystitis can be treated with antibiotics


Penicillin and tetracycline are potent antibiotics.

bladder infections can be treated with penicillin


People can be infected or killed by the bacteria.

antibiotics can prevent people from being killed


Blame Doctors Doctors are human, and make mistakes.

Bladder infections can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by some humans that make mistakes.


Bladder infections are technically infections of the kidneys.

kidney infection can be treated with antibiotics


Bladder infection is usually accompanied by urinary frequency and painful urination.

painful urination can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor


Cystitis can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor.


Antibiotics are drugs used to kill bacteria.

Bladder infections can be treated with bacteria-killing drugs


Bacteria can be killed with what is prescribed by a doctor.


If the bladder is infected, it is called cystitis.


If it is viral, no antibiotics are indicated.

bladder infections are not viral in nature


Kidney infections can be treated with antibiotics


Bryophytes occupy niches in moist habitats.


Animals and plants that live in the same place and share resources form a community biome niche .

Bryophytes find a place and share resources in moist habitats.


Bryophytes Bryophytes include the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Liverworts occupy niches in moist habitats.


Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts occupy niches in moist habitats.


Bryophytes are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

mosses, lichens, and hornworts occupy niches in moist habitats


Bryophytes occupy similar niches as centipedes.


mosses can occupy niches in moist habitats


liverworts can occupy niches in moist habitats


Bryophytes include the mosses and liverworts.


hornworts occupy niches in moist habitats


Terrestrial forms live in moist soil and damp areas.

Bryophtes occupy niches in damp habitats.


Mosses, liverworts and hornworts occupy niches in moist habitats.


organisms lacking vessels occupy niches in moist habitats


Babies that are very large or very small at birth are less likely to survive.

Premature babies are the most common low birth weight babies.

premature births are less likely to survive


Survival is to live, to live means hope.

Babies that are very large or very small at birth are less likely to live.


babies that are very large or very small at birth are less likely to live


By then the babies weigh about 7 pounds, the size of a human baby at birth.

Human infants at birth weigh 7 pounds, infants smaller or larger are less likely to survive


Poor nutrition while in the womb is the major reason why babies are small at birth.

Babies who had poor nutrition while in the womb are less likely to survive.


Premature babies are often very small, especially if they are born very premature.

very premature babies are less likely to survive


Scales protect fish from predators and parasites and reduce friction with the water.

scales allow fish to move through the water without slowing down too much


scales protect trout from predators and parasites


Over the tops of their scales, fish secrete a mucous covering.

fish secrete a mucous covering over their exterior to help protect from predators and parasites and reduce friction with the water


Fur, feathers, scales, and beaks all are made from a versatile group of proteins called keratin.

keratin protects fish from predators and parasites and reduce friction with the water


Friction is the resisting force to motion.

Scales enable fish reduce resisting force to motion.


Water reduces friction, and allows the ice to move faster.

Scales protect fish from predators and parasites and allow them to move faster.


Scales provide protection and camouflage.

Scales provide camouflage and reduce friction with the water


Balanced eating is a way of eating that promotes good health.

balanced eating is a way of eating that promotes things vital to a good life


When eating in any situation, try to balance variety with a small portion.

Eating a variety of small portions is a way of eating that promotes good health


Balanced eating depends on good nutrition.


Health means physical health, mental health, social health and spiritual health.

Balanced eating makes you thrive physically.


Balanced eating is a way of eating that promotes good living.


dieting is a way of eating that promotes good health.


Food labels a 'tremendous tool' for achieving balance and variety in eating style NWSB225.

Something food labels are a tool for promotes good health


Healthy eating is all about motivation, balance, and flexibility.

Healthy eating is promoted by eating a well rounded diet


Jaws also make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.

An example of a cartilaginous fish is a shark.


Jaws also make sharks excellent predators.


Alligators have jaws designed for ripping and tearing flesh rather than for chewing it.

Excellent predators can rip and tear flesh.


Cartilage fish have a skeleton of cartilage and a jaw.


All cartilaginous fishes are carnivores.

Jaws make some carnivores excellent predators.


All sharks and rays belong to the class of cartilaginous fishes.

Jaws also make shark excellent predators.


Sharks, rays, and skates are cartilaginous.

Jaws make sharks, rays, and skates excellent predators


Cartilaginous fishes have rows of teeth that grow throughout life.

some excellent predators  have jaws that have rows of teeth that grow throughout life.


Shelled animals and other marine invertebrates evolved, then fish, then jawed fishes diversified.

Shelled animals and other marine invertebrates are not considered excellent predators


Experiments are fundamental to the progress of science.

things that are fundamental to the progress of science are often done in a lab


Lab assistants, please prepare the chemicals.

Experiments are often done where chemicals are prepared


Experiments are central to the sciences.


Controlled experiments are essential for scientific inquiry.

Scientific inquiry is often done in a lab.


Labs is the research and development arm for the company.

experiments are often done for research and development


Experiments yield controlled experiences.

Controlled manipulation can often take place in a lab.


UWM's Computer Science labs and facilities are located here.

Experiments are often done in a science facility.


Experiments are often done in a lab.
Science classes are lab oriented.

Experiments are often done during science classes


Experiments are often done in a lab.
Some researchers work in a lab.


Experiments are often done in a lab.
An experiment is a trial run.


Science is the study of the natural world through experience and experiment.


Experiments are often done in a lab.
Lab is short for Laboratory.

Experiments are often done in a laboratory.


Chemicals are properly stored during and at the end of each lab period.

Experiments are often done where chemicals are properly stored


forming coal requires decaying vegetation

Coal, oil and natural gas are all fossil fuels.

Forming fossil fuels requires decaying vegetation


Brakes are also helpful to stop or slow down for turns.

Stopping or slowing for turns can cause skidding.


Skids occur when the car's speed overcomes tire traction.

car brakes rely on the tire traction to reduce speed


braking can cause skidding
Non-skid feet prevent sliding.


Tires leave skid marks and sometimes smoke.


braking can cause skidding
Race cars have brakes.


Harsh braking increases the wear of the brakes and the tyres.

Harsh stops can cause skidding and tire wear


Many wet weather accidents result from skidding on bald or nearly bald tires.

braking on bald tires can cause wet weather accidents.


With the antilock brakes turned on, the car stops.


Brakes work because friction acts against slip.


braking can cause skidding
Brakes are great at stopping.

Stopping the car quickly can cause skidding.


Braking can cause a car's speed to overcome tire traction.


Braking and the car's speed overcoming traction causes cars to slide


x-rays are used in medical technology
Radiographers are X-Ray Technologists.


x-rays are used in medical technology
An X-ray is a negative image.

negative images are used in medical technology


x-rays are used in medical technology
Radiographs are X-Ray pictures.

Radiographs are pictures used in medical technology


Now, medical knowledge and technology provide the means to save their lives.


Medical technology connected to diagnostics.


X-Rays are used to see whether bone has been damaged or destroyed.

Seeing whether bone has been damaged is used in medical technology.


X-rays are a form of electromagnetic energy, or radiation.

Electromagnetic energy is used in medical technology


X rays can compliment surgery and medical oncology.


x-rays are used in medical technology
Tests X-rays show bone deformities.

bone deformities can be found using medical technology


Placental mammals give birth to relatively large and mature infants.

Placental mammals give birth to live young, and house the embryo until it is complete.

Placental mammals house the embryo until it is complete and birth large and mature infants.


humans give birth to relatively large and mature infants


Infants are a particularly vulnerable group.

placental mammals give birth to vulnerable young


Humans give birth to relatively large and mature infants.


Humans give birth to relatively large and mature infants


Placental Mammals Placental mammals have wombs.

mammals with wombs give birth to relatively large and mature infants


Cows, horses, dogs, cats and people are all placental mammals.

cows give birth to relatively large and mature infants


An elephant baby can weigh 200 pounds at birth.


Transpiration is the loss of water vapor by plants.


stomata closing reduces water loss
Plants are able to close stomata.


Plants have stomata on both their leaves and their stems.

Parts on the leaves and stems close to reduce water loss.


More carbon dioxide means fewer stomata and vice versa.

The more carbon dioxide a plant receives, the more likely it is to suffer water loss.


On the underside of the leaf are small openings or pores called the stomata.

The pores on the undersides of leaves close to reduce water loss


Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of agents of disease.

Smallpox is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus.

The intentional release of smallpox would be bioterrorism.


Variola major, the virus that causes smallpox, is considered a potential bioterrorism agent.

The intentional release of smallpox is considered bioterrorism


the intentional release or spread of agents of disease is always a criminal act


With mounting threats of bioterrorism, anthrax has become a rather frightening topic.

Anthrax can be intentionally released to spread disease


Bioterrorism is the intentional release or spread of pathogens.


the intentional release or spread of agents of disease is a criminal act


Bioterrorism is the spread of pathogens.


Bioterrorism is the intentional release pathogens


Second, microbes can be abused for the purpose of bioterrorism.


it is a criminal act to intentionally release or spread agents of disease


Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest.


Birds have very large chest muscles called pectorals which are used to flap the wings.


eagles move their wings using muscles in the chest


To move faster, birds flap their wings more quickly.

Bird flap their wings more quickly to fly faster


Bats move their wings by using the large muscles in their backs and chests.

Birds move their wings using large back muscles


Something that builds nests in trees moves their wings using muscles in the chest


Birds also steer by changing their wing configuration.

Birds steer by using muscles in their chest


Fine particulates are tiny pieces of soot and dust that lodge deeply in the lungs.

smog contains tiny pieces of soot and dust


Smog contains particulates.
Particulates penetrate deep into lungs.


Another common pollutant is airborne particulate matter.


Smog contains particulates.
And where there's ozone, there's smog.


Smog contains particulates.
Particulates are fine dust particles.


Incinerators also generate particulate air pollution.


Particulate emissions are increasingly dangerous.


Particulates are matter suspended in air.


Sulfur dioxide is a gas and sulfate particulate is a solid.


an acid changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red

Lemon juice changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red


Acids turn blue litmus paper red and have a sour taste.

Acids that taste sour will change a litmus paper red


Examples are citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and malic acid.

citric compounds will turn the color of litmus paper from blue to red


For example vinegar is dilute acetic acid.

Vinegar changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red


Acids cause color changes in acid-base indicators.

acid-base indicators can go from blue to red


an acid changes the hue of litmus paper from blue to red


Acidity is traditionally measured with litmus paper which changes color at a certain acidity.

Acid changes the color of certain paper at different acidity.


Sour tasting things changes litmus paper from blue to red.


Acid rain Coal-fired power plants create precipitation that deposits nitric or sulfuric acids.

Rain downwind from a coal-fired power plant is likely to change the color of litmus paper from blue to red


Vinegar changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red.


some rain can changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red


HCl changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red


lemon changes the color of litmus paper from blue to red


Ozone and particulates are lung irritants.


Smoke, smog and exhaust all contain carbon particles which are breathed in and stay in the lungs.


Particulates have also been linked with cancer, especially lung cancer.


Smog also contains particulates.
And where there's ozone, there's smog.


By burning natural gas, the plants produce minimal emissions of sulfur dioxide and particulates.


Aerosol is a collection of particulates.


Particulates Particulates are very small or liquid particles in the air.

Smog contains very small or liquid particles in the air.


a beak is used for catching prey by some birds

Beaks are in a variety of sizes and shapes, depending on the bird's diet.

A fowls beak can vary in size depending on the prey they eat.


a beak is used for catching worms by birds


a beak is used for catching worms by some birds


Hunting often at night, caracals depend on stealth to catch prey.

a beak is used for Hunting by some birds


a beak is a body part used for catching prey by some hawks


a beak is used for catching prey by eagles


Anglers catch a wide variety of delicious fish and many eat the fish they catch.

a beak is used for eating fish by some birds


Carnivorous birds like hawks, owls and eagles have strong hooked beaks for tearing flesh.


Small prey, like a mouse or vole, is carried back to a feeding perch where it is swallowed whole.


A bill is used to catch prey by some birds.


Beaks and bills Instead of a mouth, birds have a hard beak or bill.

A bill is used for catching prey by some birds.


Bird beaks differ in structure and shape depending on the food and feeding techniques of the bird.

structure and shape depends on the food and feeding techniques that are based on catching prey


Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.

Nerve impulses travel through the nerve cell as electrical impulses.

neurons transmit electrical impulses to other cells


Nerves send electrical impulses to the muscles.


Nerve impulses are received by the dendrites.


individual nerve cells transmit nerve impulses to other cells.


Axons are the structures which transmit a signal from one neuron to another cell.

Neurons send signals from axons to cells


Axons are spiny extensions of neurons that carry brain impulses.

Axons transmit brain impulses to other cells


Neurons are the basic functional unit of the brain.

the basic functional unit of the brain transmit nerve impulses to other cells


Neurons initiate and conduct electrochemical impulses.


When radio stations transmit, they send out electromagnetic signals in all directions.

Neurons send nerve impulses to other cells.


Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.

Pollen bees have diversified to occupy all habitats, except underwater and in Antarctica.


Antarctica's climate is that of a cold desert.

Bees are naturalized on every continent except the cold desert.


pollination occurs naturally on every continent except Antarctica.


An ice sheet is a body of ice that covers an entire land mass or continent.

Bees are naturalized on every land mass except Antarctica.


Honey is made on every continent except Antarctica.


Flowers that are pollinated by bees reflect UV to attract bees.

Flowers pollinated in Antarctica reflect uv for different pollinators than other continents


Bees are the most important pollinators in nature.

Bees are important pollinators on most continents.


Climate of the Antarctica Region Antarctica is the coldest continent.

bees are naturalized on every continent except the coldest


With the onset of cold weather, the bees seek overwintering shelter.

Antarctica is too cold to provide overwintering shelter for some species.


bees are naturalized on every continent except the coldest one.


pollinators are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica


Bacteria, in contrast to viruses, respond to antibiotic treatment.


Antibiotics Suspected bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics.

Bacterial infections are not caused by viruses


Antibiotics are designed to kill bacteria.


Where most viruses are DNA, HIV is an RNA virus.


Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.
Viruses are immune to antibiotics.


Antibiotics are effective against bacteria.

An effective treatment against bacteria has no effect on viruses


Influenza Virus Inluenza virus are negative-strand RNA viruses with a segmented genome.

Antibiotics have no effect on Influenza.


Penicillins are classified as antibiotics .


Infection with Cyclospora is treatable with antibiotics.


Around 500 BC, the abacus, the first mechanical calculator, was developed.


a calculator is used for adding
Calculator Use an online calculator.


For each row, form two sums by adding every other number.


From our Calculators page, click on Financial Calculator.


Unlike that calculator, the abacus is a simple and much-affordable device.


Calculation Calculations are made on the timesheet.


If closing costs are financed, they are added to the base loan amount .


Subtraction can also be thought of as adding the opposite.


Calculator performs basic arithmetic, such as addition and subtraction.

arithmetic includes uses for subtraction


Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.

Bone cells called osteoblasts add calcium to bones, then osteoclasts pull the calcium out of bones.


Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new tissue made of calcium and protein.


Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption.

Fractures heal when bones resorb and form new bones


Fractures A fracture is a broken or cracked bone.

Cracked bones heal when osteoclasts form new bone


Pre-osteoclasts float freely in bones' marrow canals and mature into osteoclasts.

The cells that eventually develop the ability to heal fractures are found free floating in bone marrow.


fractures heal when osteoclasts form new body parts of the kind that ligaments attach to each other.


Fractures A fracture is a break in the bone.

Breaks in the bone heal when osteoclasts form new bone.


bone breaks heal when osteoclasts form new bone


fractures heal when osteoclasts form new calcium structures


Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new living tissue


breaks heal when osteoclasts form new bone


Osteoclasts are specialized cells known to play a key role in bone resorption and bone remodeling.

Healing of fractures requires cells specialized in bone remodeling


Insects spread disease and destroy crops.

locusts spread disease and destroy crops


All insects are detrimental to crop production.


Insects belong to a group of animals called arthropods.

Some arthropods spread disease and destroy crops.


Insects are just part of the Arthropod subdivision.

Arthropods spread disease and destroy crops.


Bananas Plantains Citrus crops Citrus crops are evergreen.

Insects spread disease and destroy bananas plantains and citrus.


And the industry argues that harvesting helps control the spread of insects and disease.

harvesting helps control destruction of crops


Farmers grow substance crops to feed their family as well as to sell for cash.

Insects spread disease and destroy farmer's ability to feed their family.


Crops are plants that are grown for food or other uses.


Locusts are amongst the most dramatic and devastating of the insect pests.

Locusts are amongst the most dramatic and devastating pest, they spread disease and destroy crops.


Defoliators -Insects that destroy foliage.


Locusts can spread disease and destroy crops.


Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.

Most male frogs attract mates by giving advertisement calls.

some amphibians use their larynx to attract mates


And then again the bull-frog makes quite a different noise.

Frogs have a larynx for different noises


Another name for the larynx is the voice box , and it's in the throat.

Frogs make sounds with the larynx which is in the throat.


Truth is the sound of one frog croaking.

Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to croak.


Similar sounds are made to warn other males frogs that a territory is occupied.

Frogs croak to alert other frogs that is their territory


Frogs commonly croak to attract other frogs.

Some amphibians have a larynx to make sounds to attract


Many birds, insects, frogs, and mammals communicate by sound.


Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.

Insects are bees, beetles, and butterflies.

beetles can spread disease and destroy crops.


Major crops are corn, peanuts, soybeans and horticultural crops.

Insects can spread disease to things such as corn, peanuts and soybeans.


Crops Crops are a farmer's stock in trade.

insects can destroy a farmer's stock in trade


Crops are destroyed by locusts and other insects, along with a drought.

Locusts can spread disease and along with a drought destroy crops.


locusts can spread disease and destroy crops


Insects are just part of the Arthropod subdivision.

arthropods can spread disease and destroy crops


Crop destruction was completed in some sections by grasshoppers.

Insects such as grasshoppers can spread diseases


Insects can spread disease and destroy soybeans


Almost the entire banana crop was destroyed.

Insects can spread disease and destroy bananas.


Food crops are also produced for local consumption.


Insects such as the locust, cricket, and grasshopper are also mentioned.


Grain crops dominate the cropping structure.


a pulley is used for lifting objects
Pulleys have sealed bearings.

sealed bearings are part of the machinery for lifting objects


a pulley is used for lifting objects
Tower cranes use pulleys to lift loads.


a pulley is used for lifting objects
Objects have mass.


Lifting objects from the floor can hurt.

pulleys can prevent humans from getting hurt


Pulleys A pulley is a chain, belt or rope wrapped around a wheel.

A belt wrapped around a wheel helps lift objects


A chain wrapped around a wheel is used for lifting objects.


Pulley A pulley makes work easier by changing direction of the force applied.

changing the direction of force applied can make lifting objects easier


Most species go through larval stages after hatching.

Larval stages concentrate on feeding and growth.

Most species concentrate on feeding and growth after hatching.


Most species go through stages of feeding and growth after hatching


Larval stages are particularly vulnerable.

most species go through vulnerable stages after hatching


Most species concentrate on feeding and growth after hatching


Brood are the larval and pupal stages of the ant.

An ant has a brood which is the larval and pupal process of the ant after hatching


Consistent navigation Let people know where they are.

Travelling requires people knowing where they are.


travelling requires navigation
Image maps are used for navigation.


Navigation is accomplished by clicking on a compass.


travelling requires navigation
Navigation relies on image maps.


Maps are very useful in navigating through challenging terrain.


Automobile travel is such a popular mode of travel.

Going from place to place with an automobile requires navigation.


Navigation is awkward, so be sure to read the directions carefully.


Navigation is a key element of space travel.

space exploration is not possible without navigation


travelling requires navigation
GPS Waypoints facilitate navigation.

GPS waypoints can be used for accurate directions when traveling


Sailors of old used to navigate by the stars.


For celestial navigation the navigator uses a sextant and a chronometer.

Travelling requires a tool such as a sextant


Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.

Complex chemistry is needed to promote quality of life


Chemistry is primarily concerned with matter, energy, and their interactions.


Life functions of cell growth and reproduction are seen.

Complex chemistry is needed to carry out cell growth and reproduction


Difficult chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.


Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of organisms


All functions of life are carried out in cells.

Complex chemistry is carried out in cells


Mammals took advantage of the extinction of the dinosaurs.

An animal species that is extinct has died out.

Mammals took advantage that the dinosaurs died out.


And then of course there's the dinosaur-killing meteor issue.

Mammals took advantage of the extinction-causing meteor


An asteroid impact has been blamed for the extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs.

Mammals took advantage of an asteroid impact.


Mammals took advantage of the extinction of giant lizards


large animals that roamed the earth were replaced with mammals after their extinction


humans took advantage of the extinction of dinosaurs


Birds have relatively large brains and a high level of intelligence.

Birds have relatively large skulls and a high level of intelligence


And some male birds put on their brightest feathers and grow bigger brains.


Crows have relatively large brains and a high level of intelligence.


cables are used for support by suspension bridges

There are metal cables, stainless steel, and plastic.

metal, stainless steel and plastic are used to support suspension bridges


The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge.

The Golden Gate Bridge is supported by cables


Some of the more famous ones are suspension bridges, such as the San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge.

cables are used for support by the Golden Gate Bridge


That's why the cables in the Golden Gate Bridge are made of steel.

steel is used for support by suspension bridges


detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope

Telescopes Telescopes Telescopes and microscopes both use two lenses to produce magnified images.

Two lenses to produce magnified images allow for detailed observation of celestial objects.


All telescopes collect light and magnify it .

detailed observation of celestial objects requires light


Stars are celestial objects consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium.

detailed oberservation of stars require a telescope


Detailed observation of celestial objects requires the collecting of light and magnifying it.


Detailed observation of stars requires a telescope.


Children learn to observe closely and describe in detail.

Closely observing celestial objects requires a telescope


With a refracting telescope, the eyepiece is at the end of the telescope.

detailed observation of celestial objects requires something with an eyepiece


detailed observation of stars requires a telescope


If you want to see details of a star you need a telescope


DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.

DNA is copied in connection with celldivision.

DNA replication is the process in connection with cell division.


deoxyribonucleic acid replication is the process in which it is copied


DNA replication is necessary for cell division.

the process in which DNA is copied is necessary for cell division


DNA replication is connected with celldivision


deoxyribonucleic acid replication is the process in which deoxyribonucleic acid is copied.


DNA replication replicate 46 chromosomes in a few hours.

DNA copies 46 chromosomes in a few hours


Interphase is when replication of the DNA occurs.


Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.

Male mealybugs are tiny, gnatlike insects with two wings and long tails of white wax.

Male mealybugs have two pairs of wings for flight


Dragonflies have two pairs of wings for flight.


During transonic flight, the air moving over a wing can travel from subsonic to supersonic and back.

Insects generally have two pairs of wings for moving themselves through the air.


Primitive insects, such as dragonflies, have two pairs of equal sized, membranous wings.

Dragonflies have two pairs of wings for flight


Many insects have wings, but arachnids have no wings.


Flight enables many insects to move quickly away from predators.

insects generally have two pairs of wings to move quickly away from predators


Insects are bees, beetles, and butterflies.

most bees have two pairs of wings for flight.


Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.

An egg shell is mostly calcium carbonate.


Calcium carbonate is a natural form of calcium.


Birds can do amazing things with their beaks, from cracking open a shell to turning an egg.

bird beaks can crack through hard calcium carbonate


eagle eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells


Bird egg shells are hardened with calcium carbonate for added protection.

The calcium carbonate hardens and protects the shell.


Bird eggs' shells and antacids are made of the same material


Birds include gulls, waterfowl, birds of prey and garden birds.

Gull eggs have hard shells made of calcium carbonate.


hawk eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.


Amphibians are also important predators.

An animal that kills and eats another animal is called a predator.


Amphibians are important predators of insects, other invertebrates and vertebrates.


Predators are animals that eat other animals.


Predators Predators consume many prey during their lifetime.


Bryophytes depend on moisture to reproduce.

Bryophytes Bryophytes include the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.


mosses, liverworts, and hornworts depend on moisture to reproduce


Bryophytes are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

mosses depend on moisture for reproduction


Liverworts and sphagnum are examples of bryophytes.

Liverworts depend on moisture to reproduce.


Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts depend on moisture to reproduce.


the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object

Volume means how much space the ingredient takes up.

How much space an object takes up can be used to describe the size of the object


Size is a relative aggregate measure of volume and mass.

The volume of an object can be used to measure the mass of the object.


Objects displace their volume in a fluid.

The amount that a fluid is displaced by an object can describe the size of the object


Primary among the stolen objects are three large crystal balls.

the volume of a crystal ball can be used to describe the size of the crystal ball


Size of waves depends on the mass and volume of the object that fell into the water.

The volume of an object depends on the mass of the object.


Volume is the amount of space an object contains.

the amount of space an object takes up is its size


Volume is the amount of space an object or substance takes up.

The size of an object is also the amount of space the object takes up.


the mass of an object can be used to describe the size of that object


Students describe objects by their physical properties such as color, size, shape and weight.

People describes things with their physical properties


the amount of space an object contains can be used to describe the size of that object


Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.

the amount of space occupied by an object can be used to describe the size of that object


The volume of a physical thing can be used to describe the size of that physical thing.


Mesh, or sieve size, is commonly used to describe or measure the size of crumb rubber.

The volume of an object can be used to measure that  object.


Most bryophytes are small.
Moss plants are usually very small.


Bryophytes include the mosses and liverworts.


Water is essential for all life on Earth.


Some of the water falls as precipitation in the form of snow or water.

precipitation is essential for life on earth


hydration of cells is essential for all life on Earth


For example, H20 is the molecule of water-made up of two atoms Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen.


water is essential for carbon based beings


Water that becomes polluted is unsafe and can destroy life.


Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

Hydrogen and oxygen are essential for all life on earth


Water is essential for all life in the world.


Earth science Includes earth features, earth processes, and earth in the universe.

Water is essential for all known life in the universe.


Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.

Parentage determination is performed using the same tests, but applied to pedigree specimens.

Determining parentage is useful for studying inheritance patterns


Pedigree A pedigree is a map of the types of hemoglobin in the family tree.

a map of the types of hemoglobin in the family tree is useful for studying inheritance patterns


Pedigrees are useful tools for studying genetics.


Pedigree charts are a graphical way to represent the ancestry of an individual.

charting ancestry on a graph is a useful tool for studying inheritance patterns.


Patterns of inheritance can then be predicted.

pedigrees are useful tools for predicting


We do not know the inheritance patterns for many dogs.


Genetics is the study and application of principles of inheritance to plants and animals .

Pedigrees are useful tools for studying Genetics


Intelligence is a product of genetic inheritance.

Pedigrees are useful tools for studying genetic intelligence patterns


a map of the types of hemoglobin in the family tree is a useful tool for studying inheritance patterns


Condoms can break; Condoms can be used incorrectly.

Condoms make sex much safer, but there is still risk if the condom slips or breaks.

Condoms make sex safe if they're not used incorrectly


If a condom breaks during sex, there is a risk of both pregnancy and infection.

condoms used incorrectly can risk both pregnancy and infection


pregnancy can happen if protection breaks


If the condom breaks, withdraw the penis and condom immediately.

a broken condom should be discarded immediately


Oil based lubricants can break down latex.

Oil based lubricants should not be used with condoms


For customary birth control, try a condom.

Some methods of birth control can break or be used incorrectly.


Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.

Sepals The outermost whorl of modified leaves is called the sepals.

the outermost whorl of leaves camouflages the bud from possible consumers


Sepals enclose the lower part of the flower.

The enclosure of the lower part of the flower is usually green


Inside the sepals are the colored petals.


daylilies use camouflauge to protect their buds


the outermost whorl of modified leaves is usually green


sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from animals


The outermost whorl of modified leaves are usually green


Fruits with sepals typically hide stems .

fruits typically hide stems which camouflages the bud from possible consumers


Another way plants protect themselves is through camouflage.


optical tools are used for observing materials up close

Microscopes are set up for observation of smaller organisms.


Powerful microscopes are used to see the chips.

chips can be seen up close with optical tools


Lenses are used in cameras, microscopes, binoculars and many other optical equipment.

lenses are used for observing materials up close


Science explains the natural world in material, naturalistic ways using observation and measurement.

optical tools help explain the natural world


Magnification glass scales for optical comparators.

magnification glass can be used to observe materials up close


Optical tools Apply and distinguish between optical comparators, optical flats, and microscopes.

comparators, flats, and microscopes could be used for observing materials up close


Telescopes at the observation deck offer close-up views of the animals and the San Pasqual Valley.


Microscopes are used for observing materials up close


An optical microscope is used to magnify small objects, such as tissues and single cells.

An optical microscope is an optical tool.


Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.

Outer membrane is similar to the plasma membrane.

Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the outer membrane.


all cells have cellular material inside the plasma membrane


Plasma membrane is the cell membrane surrounding cytoplasm.

Cytoplasm refers to all of the material inside the cell.


Proteins are produced in the cytoplasm of cells.

Proteins are produced in the cellular material inside the plasma membrane


triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten

When the triceps contracts the arm straightens.

When the arm straightens the elbow straightens.


Triceps contracting causes a person 's hinged joint to straighten.


On the back side of the arm, antagonistic to the biceps, is the triceps muscle.

Muscles contracting causes a person's elbow to straighten.


Arm day hits the bicep, tricep and forearm muscles.

muscles contracting cause a person's elbow to straighten


Muscles in the upper arm called triceps are used to extend the arm.

Muscles in the upper arm straighten a person's elbow.


Elbow extension is controlled by triceps.


Another group of muscles that are antagonistic to each other are the biceps and triceps muscles.

A person's elbow straightens when muscles antagonistic to biceps contract


Muscles in the upper arm contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten.


Energy is consumed in the contraction of the muscles.


Muscles are present in opposing groups, as illustrated by the biceps and triceps of the upper arm.

upper arm muscles contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten


Triceps stretch Stretches muscles in back of upper arm.

upper arm muscles contracting causes a person's elbow to straighten


Agonist muscles are the prime movers which contract to start the movement.

Triceps are the agonist muscle when straightening the elbow


When the muscles contract, they tighten.

Triceps tighten causing a person's elbow to straighten.


Most organisms consume--and are consumed by--more than one species.

most living things consume and are consumed by more than one species


An organism is a living creature such as a plant or animal.

Living creatures consume - and are consumed by - more than one species.


Finally, all of the aquatic insect species are consumed by fish.

fish consume more than one type of insect


Insects are the most diverse organisms on earth, with equally diverse behavior.

most insects consume and are consumed by more than one species


most animals consume and are consumed by more than one species


Species are woven together in food chains.

Organisms are woven together in food chains and both consume and are consumed


Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body.

Motor neurons extend from the brain to the spinal cord and to muscles throughout the body.

The spinal cord links the cerebellum to the rest of the body.


Nerve impulses coming from the eyes, ears, and touch receptors are sent on the cerebellum.


If compression is on the cerebellum, coordination functions can be affected.

coordination functions are caused by nerve pathways linking motor neurons throughout the body


Dorsal to the brainstem is the cerebellum .


Brain sites implicated include the brainstem and cerebellum.

Many nerve pathways link brain sites with motor neurons throughout the body.


In a human, the nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons.


Cerebellum The cerebellum, like the basal ganglia, is involved with motor control.

Nerve pathways link the cerebellum to process and relay movement control in the body


Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.

Plants are the ecosystem's primary food producers.

algae plays significant roles as food in acquatic ecosystems


Aquatic creatures live in the water, for example.

Algae play significant roles as producers in water ecosystems.


An ecosystem includes the organisms and their habitat.

An organism that plays a big role as an aquatic producer is:


Algae Algae Green algae are the simplest of green plants.

simple green plants play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems


nonvascular plants play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems


Oceans are one of the largest ecosystems in the world.

Algae play significant roles as producers oceans.


Non-vascular plants play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.


nonvascular plants are producers in aquatic ecosystems


Bacteria, fungi, algae and plants all produce toxins.


Aquatic ecosystems can be classified as freshwater or marine .

Algae play significant roles in freshwater and marine environments.


Aquatic Ecosystems Aquatic Ecosystems Aquatic ecosystems are defined as being water-based.

Algae play significant roles as producers in water-based ecosystems.


Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.

An example of a cartilaginous fish is a shark.


Some types of cartilaginous fishes, such as sharks, retain the shape they had millions of years ago.

Jaws make fish, such as sharks, excellent predators


Cartilage fish have a skeleton of cartilage and a jaw.


Animals that eat other animals are called predators .

Animals that eat other animals can be cartilaginous fish


All sharks and rays belong to the class of cartilaginous fishes.

Sharks are excellent predators thanks to their jaws.


Cartilaginous fish, including sharks, do get cancer.

Sharks have sharp jaws to catch their prey


Sharks belong to the Class Chondrichthyes, the cartilaginous fishes.


good teeth make cartilaginous fish excellent predators


Powerful jaws and razor-sharp teeth make it the most formidable predator of the deep.

A razor-sharp teeth makes cartilaginous fish great predators.


Fishes such as lamprey have a cartilaginous endoskeleton with a notochord.


And a certain amount of light and air are required for ventilation.

respiration requires a certain amount of air


Ventilation is the breathing in of air or oxygen.

Respiration begins with breathing in of air or oxygen


Respiration begins with breathing in air or oxygen


Respiration begins with ventilation.
Good ventilation is crucial.


Respiration begins with the breathing in of air or oxygen.


If no breathing, give artificial respiration.

If someone is not breathing, begin with ventilation


Ventilation Ventilation, or breathing, is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs.


If there is a window, always open it for ventilation.


Mammalian teeth are important for digestion.


For instance, bacteria in the digestive tract helps glean the most nutrients from food.

Mammalian teeth are important for gleaning the most nutrients from food


Mammalian teeth are important for gleaning nutrients from food


Inside the stomach is the gastric mill that has teeth to aid in the digestion of food.


Last, the digested nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls.

Mammalian teeth are important for absorbing nutrients


Teeth help aid the digestive system in breaking down food.

Mammalian teeth are important for breaking down food.


Mammalian predators include the coyote and bobcat.

the coyote and bobcat teeth are important for digestion


All mammalian species are covered including humans.

Human teeth are important for digestion.


a coyote's teeth is important for digestion


When the nutrient is digested and absorbed by the body, it provides the body with health benefits.

For mammals, teeth are important for providing health benefits via absorbed nutrients


Adolescence is a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes.

Ages 12-18 is a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes


Adolescents and Young Adults Adolescence can be a trying time.

significant mental, emotion, and social changes can be a trying time


Adolescents One in every five people in the world is an adolescent.

at least one in every five people in the world is in a time of significant mental, emotional and social changes.


Just as in adolescence, hormones are the cause.

Hormones cause a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes.


Adolescents are in the school leaving age.

The school leaving age is a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes.


Puberty is whne there starts to be large mental,emotional and social changes.


ages 12-18 is a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes


Adolescence is a scary time for a teenager.

teenagers experience significant mental, emotional, and social changes


Adolescence follows the developmental stage of puberty.

The period after puberty is a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes.


For many, adolescence is synonymous with puberty.

In the puberty stage is a time of significant mental, emotional and social change.


During puberty, changes in hormones and changes in thinking contribute to mood swings.


Placental mammals are therian mammals in which a placenta develops during pregnancy.

humans develop a placenta during pregnancy


humans develop in a placenta  during pregnancy


Cows, horses, dogs, cats and people are all placental mammals.

cows develop a placenta during pregnancy


Placental mammals give birth to live young, and house the embryo until it is complete.

therian mammals give birth to live young, and house the embryo until it is complete


For horses, it is preferable to submit the entire placenta.


a nest is used for protecting young by birds

Birds also give birth to young with eggs.

a nest is used for protecting eggs by birds


Birds are good at protecting their offspring


Nests are important in protecting the eggs and young from predators and extreme temperatures.

Nests are used to protect eggs from predators and extreme temperatures.


Birds use small branches and twigs to build their nests.

Birds use small branches and twigs to protect their young.


Forests provide birds with food, nest sites and protection.


squirrels protect their young with nests


Shelter can also provide nesting spots for birds to raise their young.


Hookworm larvae enter the host through the skin.

larvae bore into the host through the skin


Skin is an epithelial lining of the exposed parts of the body.

Hookworm larvae enter the host through epithelial tissue


Parasites can enter the host through the skin.


Blood feeders can enter the host through the skin


When larvae are swallowed by the cat, hookworm infection is established.

hookworm infection is established when hookworm enter through the skin


Skin is comprised of two layers, the epidermis and dermis.

hookworm larvae enter the host through the epidermis and dermis


running requires a lot of energy
Exercise, work out, walk or run .


running requires a lot of energy
Food provides energy.


Daily walks or runs alongside a pushbike are the perfect exercise.

Daily exercise requires a lot of energy.


running requires a lot of energy
Calories are units of energy.


Most birds require lots of energy, so their bodies use up the food they eat very quickly.


running requires a lot of energy
Fuels provide energy as they burn.


Athletes exercise, their energy is depleted, they sweat.


Triathlons are races consisting of swimming, then biking, and then running.


running requires a lot of energy
Racing involves running.


running requires a lot of energy
Food is fuel and energy.


Sports Run the Planet Directory of running sites along with lots of running news.


running requires a lot of energy
Food provides energy and health.


Humans require energy and their energy is obtained from food.


Mammary glands are also referred to as breasts.


Mammary glands are used to produce milk to nourish their young.

Female mammals have glands are used to produce milk to nourish their young


Mammals produce milk for their young from mammary glands.

Female mammals produce milk for their young


Each gland has one teat and each teat has one opening.

Female mammals have teats and each teat has one opening


Female mammals produce milk to feed their young.

Females use mammary glands to produce milk


Eggs are usually laid in a nest.
Birds lay eggs in clutches .


Nest building starts about a month before the first egg is laid.

building spots for eggs start about a month before the egg is usually laid


Eggs are usually laid in a nest.
Birds lay eggs.


Dead trees provide homes for cavity nesting birds.

Eggs are often laid by birds in dead trees.


Birds also give birth to young with eggs.

Birds usually give birth to their young in nests.


Eggs are usually laid in a nest.
Quetzals nest in rotting trees.

Quetzals keep their eggs in rotting trees.


a sifter is used for separating mixtures

New replacement cloth-edged sifter screens combine value and quality at a competitive price.

cloth-edged screens are used for separating mixtures


A sifter can be used for separating flours.


For the seasoning mixture combine all ingredients.

a sifter is used for separating combined ingredients


For some recipes, operators frequently stir the mixture.


Paradoxically, the soil is poor , a mixture of gravels, pebbles and sand.


Dip fish in honey mixture, then coat with crumb mixture.


If any wheat bran remains in sifter, transfer it to bowl.


To collect cutworm larvae, a garden trowel and a soil sifter are useful tools.

A soil sifter can be employed to separate out cutworm larvae


Sperm pass out of the body through the urethra.

Urine and semen pass through the urethra.

sperm passes out of the body through the same place as urine


From there, urine is expelled through the urethra and out of the body.

Sperm pass out of the body through where urine is expelled


Sperm and seminal fluid are released into the urethra during sperm transfer to the female.

Seminal fluid is passed out of the body to the female through the urethra


Sperm, which are made in the testicles, also go into the urethra during orgasm.


male gametes pass out the body through the urethra


Males are able to ejaculate the semen, which contains the sperm.

Ejaculation is semen passing out of the body through the urethra.


Urine leaves the bladder in a single tube, the urethra, that runs to the penis or to the vagina.

Sperm pass out of the body through a single tube that runs to the penis.


Male gametes pass out of the body through the urethra.


On the right is the urethra running through the penis.

Sperm pass out of the body through the penis.


male gametes pass out of the body through the urethra


Sperm travel from the testicles through the vas deferens to the seminal vesicles and the prostate.

The testicles connect to the vas deferens, then the seminal vesicles, then the prostate, then the urethra.


Bacteria may spread directly from one person to another.

Insects disseminate or spread the bacteria.


Thus, touching the head of another person, threatens the well being of that person.

Bacteria may spread directly by touching a person's head


Agriculture Florida inspectors check for the spread of the highly contagious Citrus Canker bacteria.

Many bacteria are contagious from one animal or plant to another.


Bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and some species of Salmonella are examples.

Streptococcus can be spread directly from one person to another.


Bacteria are microorganisms that exist everywhere.

microorganisms may spread directly from one person to another


Stimuli are detected by sensory nerve cells.

CN II , the optic nerve , is also a sensory nerve.


Vision loss is the inability to perceive visual stimuli .

Vision is detected by sensory nerve cells.


If it is a sensory nerve cell, it can cause the brain to experience pain.

stimuli can cause the brain to feel pain


By inhibiting activating stimuli, they induce sleep.

sensory nerve cells can be inhibited to induce sleep


Most of the hairs, or setae, on insects are sensory and associated with a nerve cell.

most of the hairs on insects are used to detect stimuli


Sensation is the detection of the presence of stimuli.

Sensation is caused by sensory nerve cells


Once converted, nerves are more sensitive to painful stimuli.


Examples of stimuli include heat, light, gravity, or sound.


When there is a release of pain, the nerve cells in the spinal cord are stimulated.


Sensory nerve centers is where nerve vibration is identified.

stimuli are detected by where nerve vibration is identified


Stimuli can cause the brain to experience pain


Stimuli and reactions are called events.

Events are detected by sensory nerve cells.


Gene cloning is the process of isolating and making copies of a gene.

Gene cloning permits direct detection of gene mutations.

isolating and making copies of a gene permits direct detection of gene mutations


Different genes determine the different characteristics, or traits, of an organism.

cloning allows us to make copies of traits


cloning is the process of isolating and making copies of a unit of heredity


Communication requires an idea, a message to share.

A radio is used to share an idea or message.


Internal communication is very important during any emergency situation.

radios are very important during any emergency situation


Communications Radio contact is essential.


FM systems transmit sound via radio waves.

FM systems are used for sound communication


Communication Communication is exchange of Information.

a radio can be used to exchange information


A radio is used for exchange of information


a radio is used for communication
Internet radio is international radio.


Radio waves are long wave electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic waves are used for communication


Some herbivores have more than one stomach.

Herbivores Herbivores are animals that eat plants.

some animals that eat plants have more than one stomach


Some animals that eat plants.have more than one stomach.


Actually, a cow has one stomach with four compartments.

Some herbivores have a stomach with four compartments


some plant eaters have more then one stomach


Camels are like cows in that they have more than one stomach.

Some examples of herbivores are camels and cows


Some animals that eat plants have more than one stomach.


Horses are non-ruminant herbivores, which means that unlike cows, they have only a single stomach.


the fallopian tubes are used in reproduction

Fertilization occurs naturally in the fallopian tubes.


Sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their genes from each parent.

Fallopian tubes are used in producing offspring


Fission is a type of reproduction, but a baby is the result of sexual reproduction.

the fallopian tubes are used to make babies


Conception can occur in the fallopian tube.


Normally eggs are fertilized in the fallopian tubes.

Eggs are fertilized during reproduction.


If an egg is present, it is fertilized in the fallopian tubes.


Reproduction Female Callimico goeldii normally give birth to single offspring.

The fallopian tubes are used when having offspring.


Sexual reproduction is simple and more rapid allowing larger numbers of offspring to be produced.

the fallopian tubes are used production of offspring


Each organism arises through reproduction-the production of offspring by one or more parents.

Fallopian tubes are used in the process of offspring production


Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubes.


Tuberculosis in a woman s reproductive organs involves the Fallopian or uterine tubes most often.


Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube or oviduct.


Blockage of the fallopian tubes is a common cause of infertility.

Blocked tubes can cause infertility and issues with reproduction.


Reproduction is by eggs or the birthing of live young.

the fallopian tubes are used in birthing live young.


An inflammation of the Fallopian tube is called salpingitis.


Osteoporosis is a disease in which osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density.

a disease in which osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts results in a decrease in bone mineral density


Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a thinning and weakening of bone.

thinning and weakening of bone occurs when osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts


a thinning and weakening of bone is a disease in which osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts


Weather refers to the conditions of the atmosphere from day to day.

Earth's Atmosphere Earth's atmosphere is the layer of gasses that surrounds the earth.

weather refers to the conditions in the layer of gasses that surrounds the earth


Meteorologists study the atmosphere and atmospheric phenomena, including the weather.


Air is everywhere in the earth's atmosphere.

Weather refers to the conditions of the Earth's air from day to day.


Meteorologists study the atmosphere for climate conditions from day to day


When the water rains out of the atmosphere, it warms the atmosphere.

Weather refers to the conditions such as rain from day to day


Variable weather conditions create atmosphere.

Weather refers to variable conditions day to day


Atmospheres An atmosphere can change a planet's surface.


Weather depends a lot on ocean temperatures.

ocean temperatures can change conditions of the atmosphere from day to day


An atmosphere is a layer of gases around a planet or natural satellite .

Weather refers to the conditions of a layer of gases around a planet


Cameras Our camera selection includes Olympus, Fuji and other leading brands, including APS cameras.

Olympus and Fuji are used for recording images


a camera is used for recording images
Images fill the frame of the camera.


Every photograph is produced by a camera.


Images are recorded for future reference.


Details of the process of image capture are recorded in a separate database.

A camera is used for capturing and processing images.


a camera is used for recording images
Movies are images and moving pictures.

A camera is used for recording still and moving pictures.


How cameras work A camera is a machine that records a picture.


People are more likely to remember images than words.


a camera is used for recording images
Any camera can be a panoramic camera.

something that can be panoramic is used for recording images


Images from the cameras are recorded on videotape.


Images are made of light and the cinematographer uses light and shadows to create the image.


Autotrophs are also called producers.
Green plants are autotrophs.


Plants are also autotrophic, or photosynthetic.

Plants, which are photosynthetic, are called producers


Autotrophs are the base of the food chain .

producers are the base of the food chain


Autotrophs are also called producers.
All green plants are autotrophs.


Autotrophs are also called producers.
Green plants are producers .


Autotrophs are at the base of food webs.


Most plants are producers because they have chlorophyll and produce their own food.


Autotrophs are also called producers.
Producers start food chains .


a wheeled vehicle requires smooth surfaces

On flat surfaces, wheels are most efficient.

Motion is most efficient on a smooth, flat surface


Skateboard Trucks Trucks, or axles, are what hold the wheels on the board.


Bicycle A bicycle is a two wheeled vehicle.


Cars are vehicles and trucks are vehicles.


Formula 1 racing is an open-wheel vehicle event.

Formula 1 racing requires smooth surfaces


A bicycle is a vehicle that requires smooth surfaces.


Smooth surfaces make less friction than rough surfaces .

Wheeled vehicles require surfaces with less friction.


a wheeled vehicle requires less friction


Viruses are not affected by antibiotics.

An antibiotic is a medicine that helps prevent infection.

Viruses are not affected by medicine that helps prevent infection


Where most viruses are DNA, HIV is an RNA virus.


Some smallpox viruses are maintained in laboratories.


Antibiotics Chlamydial infections are treated with an antibiotic.


Chlamydial infections are not caused by a virus


Annual flu vaccines can prevent pneumonia from flu viruses.

The flu is not affected by antibiotics, only a vaccine


Examples include influenza, rabies, HIV, and Herpes viruses.


All travel requires navigation in some form or another.

All travel requires knowing direction in some form or another.


navigation requires knowing direction
Directions View a map with directions.


navigation requires knowing direction
Sailing ships navigate the waters.


Maps and travelling directions are at here .

Navigation requires maps for travelling.


East, west and north are nothing but directions.

navigation requires knowing east, west, and north


Admiralty charts are maps designed for use as an aid to navigation at sea.

Admiralty charts are maps that can help understand direction at sea


Somebody's got to decide which way to go, and both directions have possibilities.

navigation requires knowing which way to go


Direction is designated first in reference to North or South, then to East or West.

Navigation requires knowing north, south, east and west


Directions Maps and directions to fields are on-line.


With GPS the distance measuring and navigation is easy.


Maps provides driving directions and maps.


North, south, east or west, For finding directions it is the best.

navigation requires knowing north, south, east or west


International shipping requires more than navigating foreign waters or air space.

international shipping requires knowing direction


Regular or primary navigation systems tend to be of the guiding nature.


claws are used to catch prey by some predators

front paws are used to catch prey by some predators.


Sharp claws are important in seizing and holding a prey animal.

Claws are used for catching smaller animals


Owls have very sharp claws called talons.


Birds of prey swoop swiftly down on mice, and never challenge the horns of the deer.

claws are used to catch mice by some predators


Predators use sharp recurved nails to catch prey.


Birth is also the ultimate act of reproduction.


Babies develop in the uterus, and menstrual blood comes from the uterus.

Reproduction uses the same organ as menstruation


Through reproduction, the parents transmit genes to the offspring.

The uterus is used in transmitting genes to offspring.


Hatching is a prerequisite for embryo implantation in the uterus.

Embryo implantation is used in reproduction.


Ovaries and the uterus are parts of the female reproductive system .


Once embryos are formed, they are placed back into the uterus of the female.


After fertilisation occurs the embryo or embryos are transferred to the uterus.

Embryo are transferred to a place used in reproduction


Bioterrorism is another potential threat in the environment.

Variola major, the virus that causes smallpox, is considered a potential bioterrorism agent.

the virus that causes smallpox is another potential threat in the environment


Antibiotics and vaccines are being stockpiled as Britain gears up to meet the bioterrorism threat.

Antibiotics and vaccines are being stockpiled against another potential threat in the environment


With mounting threats of bioterrorism, anthrax has become a rather frightening topic.

anthrax is a potential threat in the environment.


Bioterrorism is another potential threat in the world.


Immediate reporting is also required for diseases caused by Category A Bioterrorism agents.

spread of disease is another potential threat in the environment


Where there is an environment, there is life within it.

Bioterrorism is another potential threat to life within it.


Humans depend on their natural and constructed environments.


Another potential threat to the environment is the potential release of anthrax.


Threats to the environment are threats to life itself.

A possible threat to life itself could be bioterrorism


Education is the Key to Defense Against Bioterrorism.

education can help against potential threats to the environment


Cynodonts became more mammal-like as they continued to evolve.

Synapsids include the mammals, and their ancestors, the pelycosaurs, therapsids, and cynodonts.

Synapsids were a further evolution in a chain of mammal-like animals


Cynodonts are the therapsids from which mammals evolved.

certain therapsids became more mammal-like as they evolved


some therapsids became more mammal-like as they continued to evolve


Cynodonts have an additional joint in their jaws.

An animal with an additional joint in its jaws became more mammal-like as it continued to evolve


Therapsids became more mammal-like as they continued to evolve.


Thrinaxodon, a small Lystrosaurus Zone cynodont, shows many of the characters of the group.

Thrinaxodon is from the animal family that eventually evolved into mammals.


Transcription takes place in the nucleus.

Inhibition of mRNA export, or of transcription, prevents Npl3p from leaving the nucleus.

Inhibition of mRNA export takes place in the nucleus


DNA transcription is the process where a copy of the DNA is made.


Gene activity is also called transcription .

gene activity takes place in the nucleus


Gene activity takes place in the nucleus


Cells produce mRNA by transcription of their DNA genomes.


Ribosomes are assembled inside the nucleus.

Transcription takes place in the place where ribosomes are assembled


Chromosomes are part of the cell nucleus.

chromosomes are located where transcription takes place


Transcription of DNA into mRNA occurs in the nucleus.


Nerve impulses are electrical in nature.

Nerve impulses are received by the dendrites.


Neurons are the brain cells that carry nerve impulses.


Stimulus is converted to a nerve impulse.

Stimulus is converted to electrical signals.


local anesthetics block electrical signals


Imagery is when the brain converts signals from the environment into nerve impulses.


Metamorphosis- when a tadpole is or is done changing into an adult.

Frogs change into frogs due to metamorphosis


tadpole changes into a frog
The frog is a totem of metamorphosis.


tadpole changes into a frog
Baby frogs are called tadpoles.


After four months, the tadpoles undergo a remarkable change.


TADPOLE The larval stage, or pre-adult form, of the amphibian.

there is a name of the larval stage in frogs


The first born tadpoles are usually 1 cm long.


Frogs breathe with their lungs and skin.

Tadpoles change into something that breathes with lungs and through skin.


a telescope is used for observing stars by astronomers

For instance, the two brightest stars in Orion are Betelgeuse and Rigel.

a telescope is used for observing betelgeuse by astronomers


Black holes are formed by the collapse of massive stars.

Astronomers use telescopes to study black holes.


Magnification A telescope is an optical system.

an optical system is used for observing stars by astronomers


a telescope is used for observing the sun


Telescopes are the tools of the astronomers to study the unverse.

Astronomers study the stars and universe


If such a star is spinning, it is called a pulsar.

A telescope is used for observing a pulsar.


People who study the sky and stars are called astronomers.


Astronomers locate stars by reference to the constellations.

Astronomers observe constellations with telecopes.


Telescopes have detected planets orbiting nearby stars.

Astronomers use telescopes to detect planets


Telescopes A telescope needs at least two lenses.

at least two lenses are used for observing stars by astronomers


mineral graphite is used for making pencil lead

Graphite for writing pencils is composed of carbon.


Diamond and graphite are made of carbon.

A mineral made of carbon is used for making pencil lead.


Mineral graphite, the softest mineral, is actually the lead in pencils.

The softest mineral is used for making pencil lead


Carbon exists as a free mineral in graphite and diamond.


Pencil lead is a mixture of graphite and clay.

Mineral graphite and clay are mixed together for a safe alternative to lead.


Graphite pencils are familiar to students.


hiding can be used for avoiding predators


Animals hide under rocks for protection.

Going under rocks can be used by animals to avoid predators


Camouflage and hiding help animals escape hungry predators.

camouflauge can be used to avoid predators


Camouflage is used for avoiding predators.


Predation is the best documented cause of early mortality, particularly for mobile species.

hiding can be used for avoiding early mortality


By avoiding outside weather extremes, the unit's life span is expanded.

Hiding from predators can expand life spans.


Many people are still in hiding in caves and river beds.


And even without predators, survival is still tough for the moose.


Lots of insects use camouflage to hide from predators.

Camouflage helps insects avoid predators.


Some animals use camouflage to avoid predators?


When a carnivore or omnivore eats an animal, it is the predator.

Hiding can be used for avoiding carnivores or omnivores


Predators Gulls are chief predators of eggs or young birds.

hiding can be used by animals like young birds


camouflage can be used to avoid predators


By staying away the rest of the time, they avoid drawing predators' attention to their young.

hiding can be used for staying away from predators.


Eagles and people are predators of the rattlesnake.


Placental mammals are the dominant land mammals.


Placental Mammals Placental mammals have wombs.


Placental mammals get oxygen from the air.


African elephants are the largest land mammal.

The African elephant is a placental mammal.


African Elephants are the largest land mammals.


Marine mammals Marine mammals are related to land mammals.

Placental mammals are related to marine mammals.


Many seeds can wait to germinate until conditions are favorable for growth.

sunflowers can wait to germinate until conditions are favorable for growth


Many seeds wait for  increased light conditions to grow.


Seeds wait to germinate until factors favor growth


Most seeds germinate in spring when conditions become favorable.


Many seeds can wait to sprout until conditions are favorable for growth.


Seed fail to germinate or seed germinate and the roots decay.

Roots will decay is the conditions for growth aren't favorable.


Seed wait to grow for favorable conditions which increase growth like light


living underground can be used for hiding from predators

Living in burrows can be used to hide from predators


If rabbits live underground, they can hide from coyotes.


Moles and gophers spend their lives underground.

moles and gophers spend their lives hiding from predators


Habitats often provide animals with camouflage, or places to hide from predators or prey.


The color of the egg helps to hide it from predators.

Color and going underground helps conceal from predators


The land predators are primarily rat snakes, raccoons, and opossums.

living underground can be used for hiding from rat snakes, raccoons, and opossums


Ice ages buried the planet in snow and ice for millions of years at a time.

If there is one animal that symbolizes the Ice Age, it is the Woolly Mammoth.

mammoths lived when the planet was buried in snow and ice for millions of years at a time


Of all the animals that lived during the Ice Age, the Woolly Mammoth is best known.

The Woolly Mammoth lived when the planet was buried in snow and ice.


it's rare in geologic history when the planet gets buried in snow and ice


Ice Age Ice ages occur during times known as glacial epochs.

When the planet was buried in snow and ice it was known as the glacial epochs


Unmelted winter snow and ice accumulate from year to year, and an ice age can begin.

Unmelted winter snow and ice buried the planet


ice ages are also known as glacial epochs


ice ages buried Earth in snow and ice for millions of years at a time


By far and away the biggest climate changes are ice ages.

climate change can bury the planet in snow


Ice ages or glacial ages are relatively rare to the planet.

the planet being buried in snow and ice for millions of years at a time is relatively rare


camouflage is used for protection by prey against predators


Many species blend in, or camouflage, with their surroundings.

Blending in with surroundings is used for protection by prey against predators.


Cryptic coloration is a type of camouflage.

Cryptic coloration is used for protection by prey against predators


Color camouflage helps amphibians avoid predation.


Many animals camouflage or protect themselves by blending into their surroundings.

Animals protect themselves from predators by blending in with their surroundings


Desert lizards are usually camouflaged .

desert lizards are protected from predators because they can't be seen


Prey animals hide for protection against predators.


Owls are their natural enemy and predator.

Camouflage is used for protection by prey against enemies.


Some butterflies use their colors as camouflage.

Some butterflies can use their colors as protection from predators


Most crustaceans camouflage themselves by changing color to match the environment.

Crustaceans change color to protect themselves against predators.


Eagles and people are predators of the rattlesnake.

camouflage is used for protection by rattlesnakes against eagles


Spiders use camouflage to blend in with colors and patterns.

blending with colors and patterns is used for protection by prey against predators


Camouflage helps disguise an animal so that it is less visable to preditors or prey.

camouflage is used for protection and helps disguise an animal


Because they usually hunt for large animals, the wolves work together to catch their prey.


Predators are the animals that eat prey.

Being a predator requires catching prey.


eating prey requires catching prey
Spiders prey upon insects.


Animals that survive by catching prey or escaping predators have special adaptations for running.


Rodents and rabbits are their main prey.

eating rabbits requires catching rabbits


eating prey requires catching prey
Owls eat small prey.


Crab spiders catch their prey by ambush.


Scientists who find and study fossils are called paleontologists.

Paleontologist study the fossils of dinosuars.

Scientists who find and study dinosaurs are called paleontologists


Great creatures become old bones, then fossils, covered in mud by unremarkable tides.

Scientists who find and study old bones are called palentologists.


Fossilization is the process that turns a once living thing into a fossil.

Scientists who study  the process that preserves a once living thing are called paleontologists


Dinosaur bones, preserved as fossils, help tell their fascinating story.


Caffeine is an example of a psychoactive drug.

Psychoactive drugs alter neurotransmitters in the brain.

Caffeine alters neurotransmitters in the brain.


Caffeine alters neurotransmitters in the brain


Because caffeine is a psychoactive, addictive drug.


Caffeine is a drug that can be addictive.

a drug that can be addictive is an example of a psychoactive drug


Caffeine, found in coffee and caffeinated soft drinks, is a diuretic.


Coffee is an excellent source of caffeine.


Caffeine alter neurotransmitters in the brain.


Any psychoactive drug is potentially harmful.


Healthy lifestyles are good lifestyles to have.

Humans require sleep to have good lifestyles.


Children function more effectively in the classroom when they are healthy.

Children require sleep to function effectively in the classroom.


Perishable food is what refrigerators, freezers, preservatives, and expiration dates are all about.

Cooling things is a way to keep perishable foods.


Food stored in dark, cool areas lasts longer.


If the item is perishable, such as a fruit or vegetable, try to preserve the item in a freezer.

Cold temperatures are used to preserve perishable foods


Though Frigidaire models receive four votes, our top reviewers favor Kenmore freezers.

Frigidaire and Kenmore models are used for cooling things


Ice is manufactured and stored during the night and used during the day for cooling the building.


Subsequent to the removal of heat, it sets by simple cooling.


a freezer is used for cooling things
Repairs to freezers are costly.


ink is used for hiding from predators by octopuses

Sharks are the most successful predators in the ocean.

Octopuses use ink for hiding from sharks.


Octopuses and squids can expel a dark cloud of ink from an ink sack.

Octopuses expel a dark cloud to hide from predators.


ink helps octopuses to avoid being eaten


Predators Predators of octopuses include sharks, whales, seals, large fish, eels and humans.

octopuses use ink for hiding from sharks


Octopuses are particularly preyed upon by eels in all shapes and sizes.

ink is used for hiding from eels by some creatures


Octopuses spray a cloud of ink at their predators.

Octopuses spray a cloud for hiding from predators


Octopuses spray a cloud to hide from predators


Squids and octopuses reproduce sexually.

ink is used for hiding from predators by squids


ink is used for hiding from sharks by octopuses


Ink is used for hiding from predators by some animals that eat small crabs.