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hf_dataset/README.md

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+---
+license: cc-by-sa-4.0
+task_categories:
+  - audio-classification
+pretty_name: Engine Sound Windows (YouTube-derived, metadata-only)
+tags:
+  - audio
+  - automotive
+  - engine-sounds
+  - youtube
+  - weak-supervision
+size_categories:
+  - 1M<n<10M
+configs:
+  - config_name: default
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/train.parquet
+      - split: test
+        path: data/test.parquet
+dataset_info:
+  features:
+    - name: window_id
+      dtype: string
+    - name: youtube_id
+      dtype: string
+    - name: engine_class
+      dtype: string
+    - name: start_sec
+      dtype: float64
+    - name: end_sec
+      dtype: float64
+    - name: contains_target
+      dtype: bool
+    - name: quality_flag
+      dtype: bool
+    - name: split
+      dtype: string
+  splits:
+    - name: train
+      num_examples: 1508084
+    - name: test
+      num_examples: 375639
+  download_size: 14615747
+  dataset_size: 14615747
+---
+
+# Engine Sound Windows (YouTube-derived, metadata-only)
+
+Timestamps and weak labels for training an engine-configuration audio classifier (v-twin vs.
+inline-4 vs. flat-6, etc.) from short audio windows. **This dataset does not contain audio.**
+Each row points at a public YouTube video id plus a `(start_sec, end_sec)` window; you fetch
+and slice the audio yourself (see [Reconstructing audio](#reconstructing-audio) below).
+
+## Why metadata-only
+
+The source audio was collected by searching YouTube (via [`yt-dlp`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp))
+for engine-sound terms and downloading matching videos. The dataset author does not hold
+redistribution rights to that audio, so — following the precedent set by
+[AudioSet](https://research.google.com/audioset/), [MusicCaps](https://huggingface.co/datasets/google/MusicCaps),
+and [FSD50K](https://zenodo.org/records/4060432) for exactly this situation — only the video id,
+window timestamps, and derived labels are published here, not audio bytes. This also means the
+`cc-by-sa-4.0` license above covers only this repository's metadata (ids, timestamps, labels); the
+underlying YouTube videos remain under their original creators' copyright and are not
+relicensed or redistributed by this dataset in any form.
+
+## Dataset structure
+
+| Column | Type | Meaning |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `window_id` | string | Unique id for this window (`winNNN`), stable across the whole corpus |
+| `youtube_id` | string | 11-character YouTube video id (`https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=<youtube_id>`) |
+| `engine_class` | string | Engine configuration label, e.g. `v8_flat`, `i4_diesel`, `single_two_stroke` |
+| `start_sec` / `end_sec` | float | Window bounds within the source video, in seconds |
+| `contains_target` | bool | See [Label semantics](#label-semantics) |
+| `quality_flag` | bool | See [Label semantics](#label-semantics) |
+| `split` | string | `train` or `test` — assigned per source video, so every window from one video stays in the same split |
+
+Windows are 2.0 seconds long with 1.0 second of step between consecutive windows (50% overlap),
+confirmed directly from the underlying manifest's timestamps.
+
+## Label semantics
+
+`contains_target` and `quality_flag` are **model-derived, not human-verified** — they come from
+running [`panns_inference`](https://github.com/qiuqiangkong/audioset_tagging_cnn)'s
+`AudioTagging` model (trained on AudioSet) over each window and thresholding two sets of its 527
+class scores:
+
+- `contains_target = True` when the window's max score across a set of engine/vehicle AudioSet
+  classes exceeds `0.585` — i.e. an engine sound was likely detected.
+- `quality_flag = True` when the window's max score across a set of background-noise/contamination
+  AudioSet classes exceeds `0.2` — i.e. contamination was likely detected.
+
+**`quality_flag = True` is a caution flag, not an endorsement** — despite the name, it does not
+mean the window is good quality. Treat both columns as weak, noisy supervision (useful for
+filtering or as auxiliary features) rather than ground truth.
+
+`engine_class`, by contrast, comes from which search query the source video was found under —
+also not independently verified per-video (see [Known limitations](#known-limitations)).
+
+## Engine classes
+
+43 engine classes, 3,830 source videos, after exclusions below:
+
+| Engine class | Files | Windows | Train | Test |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `2_rotor` | 18 | 3740 | 3372 | 368 |
+| `h12` | 10 | 4863 | 3981 | 882 |
+| `h2` | 92 | 56012 | 37044 | 18968 |
+| `h4` | 112 | 40657 | 34450 | 6207 |
+| `h6` | 97 | 84341 | 57384 | 26957 |
+| `i2_180` | 127 | 88771 | 66385 | 22386 |
+| `i2_180_two_stroke` | 41 | 9162 | 7007 | 2155 |
+| `i2_270` | 169 | 134456 | 104910 | 29546 |
+| `i2_360` | 63 | 24789 | 18457 | 6332 |
+| `i2_360_two_stroke` | 44 | 12124 | 10577 | 1547 |
+| `i3` | 133 | 57496 | 45440 | 12056 |
+| `i3_two_stroke` | 10 | 3219 | 2943 | 276 |
+| `i4` | 392 | 166630 | 131564 | 35066 |
+| `i4_crossplane` | 134 | 68221 | 48907 | 19314 |
+| `i4_diesel` | 75 | 31429 | 26944 | 4485 |
+| `i5` | 115 | 29789 | 24849 | 4940 |
+| `i5_diesel` | 52 | 21759 | 17435 | 4324 |
+| `i6` | 157 | 49570 | 35274 | 14296 |
+| `i6_diesel` | 52 | 29830 | 26165 | 3665 |
+| `single_four_stroke` | 101 | 42045 | 31663 | 10382 |
+| `single_two_stroke` | 94 | 44185 | 33465 | 10720 |
+| `v10_72` | 154 | 63020 | 46769 | 16251 |
+| `v10_90` | 14 | 11291 | 8406 | 2885 |
+| `v12` | 112 | 37882 | 35178 | 2704 |
+| `v16` | 8 | 4512 | 4512 | 0 |
+| `v2_45` | 138 | 165815 | 146284 | 19531 |
+| `v2_90` | 97 | 83045 | 73491 | 9554 |
+| `v2_two_stroke` | 11 | 2425 | 1915 | 510 |
+| `v4` | 80 | 31392 | 26760 | 4632 |
+| `v4_two_stroke` | 35 | 8369 | 6995 | 1374 |
+| `v6_120` | 72 | 31924 | 21840 | 10084 |
+| `v6_60` | 212 | 61043 | 47627 | 13416 |
+| `v6_90_even` | 58 | 36963 | 33490 | 3473 |
+| `v6_90_odd` | 5 | 3446 | 2629 | 817 |
+| `v6_diesel` | 16 | 3346 | 2502 | 844 |
+| `v8_60` | 18 | 6307 | 5173 | 1134 |
+| `v8_cross` | 264 | 139946 | 120989 | 18957 |
+| `v8_diesel` | 124 | 45184 | 35857 | 9327 |
+| `v8_flat` | 180 | 81189 | 68971 | 12218 |
+| `v8_voodoo` | 65 | 34937 | 27993 | 6944 |
+| `vr6` | 54 | 11260 | 6762 | 4498 |
+| `w12` | 19 | 8787 | 7173 | 1614 |
+| `w16` | 6 | 8552 | 8552 | 0 |
+
+Class sizes are heavily imbalanced (5 to 392 files per class) — account for this when
+sampling/weighting during training.
+
+## Known limitations
+
+- **Weak, auto-derived labels.** `contains_target`/`quality_flag` come from an AudioSet-trained
+  tagger's thresholded scores, not human review (see [Label semantics](#label-semantics)).
+- **Class imbalance.** File counts per class range from 5 (`v6_90_odd`) to 392 (`i4`).
+- **Two classes have zero test windows.** `v16` and `w16` have only 8 and 6 source videos
+  respectively; the per-video random 80/20 split happened to put every video from both classes
+  into `train`. Don't evaluate on these classes without re-splitting.
+- **97 ambiguous videos were excluded.** Cross-referencing every video id against every
+  engine_class it was scraped under found 97 YouTube videos that had been pulled into **more
+  than one conflicting engine_class** (almost certainly multi-engine compilation/comparison
+  videos caught by more than one search query, e.g. one video labeled both `v2_90` and `v4`,
+  another labeled across `i4_diesel`/`i6_diesel`/`v10_90`/`v8_diesel` simultaneously). All
+  windows sourced from any of these videos were dropped entirely (110,830 of 1,994,553 rows,
+  5.6%) rather than guessing which label was correct. This hit some already-small classes hard:
+  `v2_two_stroke` went from 19 to 11 files, `h12` from 18 to 10, `v10_90` from 19 to 14. The
+  class table above already reflects these counts.
+- **Link rot.** Since only YouTube ids are published (see [Why metadata-only](#why-metadata-only)),
+  some fraction of source videos will become unavailable over time as creators delete or
+  privatize them — unlike a self-hosted audio dataset, this one can shrink on its own.
+- **`engine_class` isn't independently verified per video** beyond the cross-class-conflict
+  check above — a video could still be mislabeled by its original search query in a way that
+  doesn't produce a detectable cross-class conflict (e.g. a single video mislabeled but never
+  scraped under any other class).
+
+## Reconstructing audio
+
+For a given row, download the source video's audio and trim to the window:
+
+```bash
+yt-dlp -f bestaudio -x --audio-format m4a \
+  "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=<youtube_id>" -o source.m4a
+
+ffmpeg -i source.m4a -ss <start_sec> -to <end_sec> -c copy window.m4a
+```
+
+For batch reconstruction, group rows by `youtube_id` first so each video is downloaded once
+regardless of how many windows come from it.
+
+## License and usage
+
+The labels, timestamps, and ids in this repository are released under `cc-by-sa-4.0`. This does
+**not** extend any rights to the underlying YouTube video content, which remains the property of
+its original creators — this dataset does not redistribute, host, or relicense that audio.
+Commercial users should independently verify their own right to use any audio they fetch via the
+ids in this dataset.

hf_dataset/SUMMARY.txt

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+1994553 manifest rows -> 1883723 exported (110830 dropped for cross-class conflicts, 0 unresolved to a youtube_id)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      engine_class  files_before  files_after  windows_before  windows_after  train_windows  test_windows
+           2_rotor            19           18            5615           3740           3372           368
+               h12            18           10            9428           4863           3981           882
+                h2            94           92           57628          56012          37044         18968
+                h4           114          112           41441          40657          34450          6207
+                h6           107           97           88162          84341          57384         26957
+            i2_180           128          127           88854          88771          66385         22386
+ i2_180_two_stroke            44           41            9838           9162           7007          2155
+            i2_270           172          169          135132         134456         104910         29546
+            i2_360            65           63           24849          24789          18457          6332
+ i2_360_two_stroke            44           44           12124          12124          10577          1547
+                i3           133          133           57496          57496          45440         12056
+     i3_two_stroke            10           10            3219           3219           2943           276
+                i4           432          392          185568         166630         131564         35066
+     i4_crossplane           142          134           78944          68221          48907         19314
+         i4_diesel            81           75           33591          31429          26944          4485
+                i5           116          115           29897          29789          24849          4940
+         i5_diesel            52           52           21759          21759          17435          4324
+                i6           170          157           54745          49570          35274         14296
+         i6_diesel            57           52           32048          29830          26165          3665
+single_four_stroke           103          101           45897          42045          31663         10382
+ single_two_stroke            99           94           52345          44185          33465         10720
+            v10_72           170          154           67447          63020          46769         16251
+            v10_90            19           14           12649          11291           8406          2885
+               v12           115          112           38368          37882          35178          2704
+               v16             9            8            4560           4512           4512             0
+             v2_45           141          138          167476         165815         146284         19531
+             v2_90           109           97           92571          83045          73491          9554
+     v2_two_stroke            19           11            3979           2425           1915           510
+                v4            90           80           38776          31392          26760          4632
+     v4_two_stroke            46           35           10571           8369           6995          1374
+            v6_120            73           72           33957          31924          21840         10084
+             v6_60           223          212           64249          61043          47627         13416
+        v6_90_even            63           58           38914          36963          33490          3473
+         v6_90_odd             5            5            3446           3446           2629           817
+         v6_diesel            17           16            3523           3346           2502           844
+             v8_60            19           18            6923           6307           5173          1134
+          v8_cross           267          264          141265         139946         120989         18957
+         v8_diesel           132          124           49389          45184          35857          9327
+           v8_flat           185          180           84331          81189          68971         12218
+         v8_voodoo            65           65           34937          34937          27993          6944
+               vr6            55           54           11303          11260           6762          4498
+               w12            19           19            8787           8787           7173          1614
+               w16             6            6            8552           8552           8552             0

hf_dataset/data/test.parquet

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hf_dataset/data/train.parquet

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