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biblio-vt-24-tabuti
# Ethnoveterinary medicines for cattle (Bos indicus) in Bulamogi county, Uganda: plant species and mode of use John R. S. Tabuti, Shivcharn S. Dhillion ${ }^{\text {b, c }}$ and Kaare A. Lye #### Abstract Livestock rearing is a key economic activity of Uganda and contributes 7.3\% of the Gross Domestic Product ([W...
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cattle. The questions asked focused on determining: (i) which cattle diseases are known in the community and (ii) how these diseases are treated. Interviews were conducted in the local language, the Ki-lamogi. The interviews were supplemented by direct observations. Plant voucher specimens were collected and are deposi...
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Table 1. Plant species used to treat cattle, their habit, status, disease treated, plant parts used, and mode of preparation and administration | NV | Clorophytum comosum Thumb.) Jacq.** | nalwebe | V(002), | barks infusion + salt | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | $\begin{aligned} & 119 \\ & 40 \end{aligned}$ |...
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| 35 | | | (Theileriosis) | banana beer, VO. to calf -roots of Carissa edulis, Acacia seyal, infusion, VO. | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | NV | Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) | pompo | east coast fever (Theileriosis) | whole plant + roots <br> Oncoba spinosa, infusion | | $\begin{aligned} & 128 \\ & 00 \end{...
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| | | | diarrhoea | occidentalis, infusion, VO. <br> leaves see Senna occidentalis | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | $\begin{aligned} & 074 \\ & 90 \end{aligned}$ | Jatropha curcas** | kilowa | east coast fever (Theileriosis) | Roots see Balanites aeg | | $\begin{aligned} & 026 \\ & 40 \end{aligned}$ | Senna ...
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| NV | Citrus sp. | buniimu | east coast fever <br> (Theileriosis) | leaves mixed with other <br> Citrus sp, décoctio, VO. <br> as prophylactic | | :-- | :-- | :-- | :-- | :-- | | 065 <br> 60 | Harinsonia <br> abyssinica** | lushaike | east coast fever <br> (Theileriosis) <br> diarrhoea | roots, infusion - - <br> decoc...
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when defined by western veterinary science, or conversely, certain local terms may encompass several different diseases. For example, fever the first clinical sign for most diseases; anaemia a symptom of the diseases red water and anaplasmosis; or diarrhoea which is present in trypanosomiasis, rinderpest, anaplasmosis ...
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biblio-hs-35-sawadogo
# Traditional West African pharmacopeia, plants and derived compounds for cancer therapy Wamtinga Richard Sawadogo ${ }^{\text {a,b }}$, Marc Schumacher ${ }^{\text {a }}$, Marie-Hélène Teiten ${ }^{\text {a }}$, Mario Dicato ${ }^{\text {a }}$, Marc Diederich ${ }^{\text {a,c, }}$<br>${ }^{a}$ Laboratoire de Biologi...
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3.2.2. Diterpenes ..... 1232 3.2.3. Triterpenes ..... 1235 3.2.4. Steroids ..... 1236 3.2.5. Alkaloids ..... 1236 3.2.6. Polyphenols ..... 1236 4. Concluding remarks ..... 1237 Acknowledgements ..... 1237 References ..... 1237 ## 1. Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified cancer among non-comm...
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takes into account the ethical aspects and excludes practices that affect patient's compliance [17], [26]. The material used in West African traditional medicine for cancer treatment is of terrestrial origin (mineral, animal or vegetable). Substances of marine origin are almost nonexistent because of weak possibilities...
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Table 1 West African medicinal plants with anticancer properties. | Plants | Traditional use | Part used | Extract | Phytochemicals | Anticancer properties | References | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | Acacia macrostachya (Mimosaceae) | Decoction is used to treat inflammation and cancer | Root ba...
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| Khuya senegalensis (Meliaceae) | Treatment of inflammation diseases | Stem barks | Methanol | Alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids | Strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, High inhibition of growth of: HT-29 $\left(\mathrm{IC}_{50}=1.0 \mu \m...
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Table 2 Anticancer molecules isolated from West African plants. | Molecule | Nature and origin | Pharmacological properties | References | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | Acetoxyjatropholone | Diterpene from Jatropha curcas | Cytotoxic on L5178y cells with IC50 of $2.5 \mu \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}$ | [67], [129] | | ...
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![img-0.jpeg](img-0.jpeg) Fig. 1. Distribution of West African anticancer plants. Anticancer plants of West Africa have been classified into three groups according to their size: high tree, shrub and herbaceous. The percentage of each class was calculated based on the number of plants contained in this class compared ...
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![img-4.jpeg](img-4.jpeg) Fig. 5. Anticancer molecules isolated from West African plants. Phytochemical families from West African plants, which showed a significant anticancer activity against cancer cell lines. The percentage of each phytochemical family was calculated based on the number of active molecules in this...
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showed a high anti-metastasic effect at non-toxic doses to chlolangiocarcinoma cell lines. The suppression of $90 \%$ of cell invasion was observed at $10 \mu \mathrm{M}$ of curcusone B through the suppression of cell mobility and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities in the culture medium. This effect of the compound ...
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![img-8.jpeg](img-8.jpeg) Fig. 6. (Continued).
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![img-9.jpeg](img-9.jpeg) Fig. 7. Chemical structure of other anticancer molecules. Chemical structure of anticancer molecules discussed in this report has been drawn using the software "Chemical Structure Drawing Standard (CS ChemDraw, 1998, Cambridge Soft Corporation)". Each chemical structure is in conformity with ...
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pyrophosphate. Many triterpenes occur free, but others occur as glycosides namely saponins. Diversity of their structure leads to multiple pharmacological effects including anti-cancer properties that are reported by several authors. According to Lin et al. [69], triterpenes enriched fraction from Ganoderma lucidum exh...
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interactions act in two pathways: to inhibit the procarcinogen activation and to be a substrate for the release of inhibitors of tumor cell growth. For example, resveratrol is an inhibitor of CYP1, but the conversion product of resveratrol metabolism by CYP1B1 namely piceatanol is a known tyrosine kinase inhibitor [89]...
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[26] Komla T. Traditional medicine in contemporary Ghana: a public policy analysis. Soc Sci Med 1997;45:1065-74. [27] Peter AGMDS. Traditional pharmacology and medicine in Africa: ethnopharmacological themes in sub-Saharan art objects and utensils. J Ethnopharmacol 1998;63:1-175. [28] Holmstedt R, Bruhn JG. Ethnopharma...
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[84] Dassonneville L, Lansiaux Al, Wattelet Al, Wattez N, Mahieu C, Van Miert S, et al. Cytotoxicity and cell cycle effects of the plant alkaloids cryptolepine and neocryptolepine: relation to drug-induced apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2000;409:9-18. [85] Stiborova M, Bupertova M, Frei E. Cytochrome P450- and peroxidase-m...
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[142] Tapondjou LA, Nyaa LBT, Tane P, Ricciutelli M, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, et al. Cytotoxic and antioxidant triterpene saponins from Butyrospermum parkii (Sapotaceae). Carbohydr Res 2011;346:2699-704. [143] Ndukwe IG, Amupitan JO, Isah Y, Adegoke KS. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the crude extracts fr...
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biblio-hw-12-walsh
# Études océan Indien 42-43 | 2009 Plantes et Sociétés ## The Use of Wild and Cultivated Plants as famine Foods on Pemba Island, Zanzibar Martin Walsh ## revues.org ## Electronic version URL: http://oceanindien.revues.org/793 DOI: 10.4000/oceanindien. 793 ISSN: 2260-7730 ## Publisher INALCO ## Printed version...
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# The Use of Wild and Cultivated Plants as famine Foods on Pemba Island, Zanzibar Martin Walsh Njaa haina huruma japokuwa kitu huna "Hunger has no mercy, even when you have nothing"1 1 The words "tropical" and "paradise" are endlessly recycled in tourist brochures and travel guides referring to the East African coas...
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# Famine on "The Green Island" 3 Pemba is a medium-sized island (c.1,000 $\mathrm{km}^{2}$ ) lying 40-60 km off the East African coast. It is fringed by a number of islets and surrounded by a deep sea channel which separates it from the main island of Zanzibar, Unguja, c. 50 km to the south (Walsh 2007: 86, 90). In t...
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immature coconuts, and the trumpet worms that are usually used as fishing bait (1958: 27-28 ). Local legends and folktales also refer to famine (e.g. Goldman 1996: 457-458), while the traditional bull-fights of Pemba are said to have been performed "to induce rain in times of drought" and so avert food shortages (Ingra...
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crops. In their desperation to obtain food some Pembans stole it from more fortunate neighbours. Mwamize Juma, ${ }^{5}$ originally from Kiwani on the east coast of Pemba, recalled how their cassava fields were invaded by thieves every night, especially a distant plot in Chwale which had given a good crop but was next ...
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after which they drank water and went to bed knowing that they would have to do the same again the next day. A lot of people did this, buying coconuts from the market for their supper, which was often the only meal they ate apart from breakfast (and which itself comprised leftovers or porridge if they were lucky). 15 B...
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| Bauhinia thonningii Sch. \& Thon. (Caesalpiniaceae) | mchekwa (Vi, Po), nchekwa (Nd), camel foot | | :--: | :--: | | Borassus aethiopum Mart. (Palmae) | mvumo, borassus palm ${ }^{12}$ | | Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) | mkarati (Ng, Vi), nkarati (Nd), mtututu (Ng, Vi) | | ${ }^{a}$ Cordia allio...
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| Polysphaeria parvifolia Hiern (Rubiaceae) | mkanja (Ng, Ka, Vi), nkanja (Po), mganja (Ki), nchakachaka (Nd), nshakashaka (Nd) | | :--: | :--: | | Rawsonia lucida Harv. \& Sond. (Flacourtiaceae) | mpera mwitu (Ng, Vi) | | Rhus natalensis Krauss (Anacardiaceae) | mbambi (Ka, Ko, Po), mkichaka (Ki), mkumba (Ng) | | Saba...
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| Vitex doniana Sweet <br> (Verbenaceae) | mfuu (Ng, Vi, Po), black plum | | :--: | :--: | | *Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. <br> (Rhamnaceae) | nkunazi (Nd), jujube, Indian plum | | *Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. <br> (Rhamnaceae) | nkunazi (Nd), jujube, Indian plum | Key: *= species known or thought to be introduced. Locations...
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- mboga ya kunde, young leaves of the cow pea plant (mkunde), Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk. (Phaseoleae). Williams (1949) did not record the use of the leaves as a spinach. - mboga ya makunga, fruit of the local garden egg (mkunga), Solanum macrocarpon L. (Solaneae). This plant was not mentioned by Williams (1949)...
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stems of which are cooked and eaten (Williams 1949: 332-333; Ruffo et al. 2002: 432-433); it is also referred to by name in Sheikh Salim bin Mandhiri's poem Njaa (Whiteley 1958: 28). The literature adds little to these two overlapping lists: Williams (1949: 40) provides a short list of wild species eaten in Zanzibar bu...
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and then cut it into small pieces and wash it. After that make a carrying basket (pakacha), just as you do when preparing bie [Typhonodorum lindleyanum]. When the basket is ready put the pieces of ndiga inside it and take them to soak in plenty of water, in a stream or pond, or even better the sea. In fact a lot of peo...
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Unguja island and parts of south-east Pemba settled by Tumbatu dialect speakers from northern Unguja. ${ }^{17}$ Williams described it as follows: A giant aroid with a banana-like stem 4 to 6 feet high, and very large arrow-shaped leaves. It occurs as a pure stand in undeveloped freshwater swamps in Zanzibar [Unguja] ...
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Nonetheless they had to eat it in order to stay alive. The tuber was also made into porridge. How to prepare bie porridge: after taking your basket out of the stream take some pieces of bie and cut them into very thin slices, place them on a tray, and then put them out to dry in the sun. After two days or so the slices...
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183; Ruffo et al. 2002: 478-479). Williams only refers to their use in Zanzibar as an ingredient in local medicinal preparations (1949:382). # Discussion: ethnobotany and history Recollections of the 1971-72 famine on Pemba make it clear that people were forced to eat whatever food they could obtain, regardless of i...
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1998: 839). We know that Austronesians probably brought bananas, taro and other crops to East Africa, and one explanation for the presence of the wild banana (Musa acuminata) on Pemba is that it was introduced as part of the same package (De Langhe and de Maret 1999: 379). We also know that some animal and plant specie...
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BEENTJE H. J., 1990 Botanical Assessment of Ngezi Forest, Pemba. Helsinki: Forestry Department, Zanzibar, FINNIDA and Finnish National Board of Forestry. BLENCH R., 2006 Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. Lanham: Altamira Press. BLENCH R., 2007. "New palaeozoogeographical evidence for the settlement of Afric...
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MIDDLETON J., 1992 The World of the Swahili: An African Mercantile Civilization. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. NAHONYO C. L., MWASUMBI L. B., MSUYA C. A., MASAO C. A., SUYA T. B. \& SHING'WENDA C., 2005 Ngezi-Vumawimbi Forest Reserves Biodiversity Inventory Report. Zanzibar: CARE Tanzania and Department...
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WALSH M. T., 1995a Socio-economic Research and Monitoring on Pemba and Unguja: Social Anthropologist's Inception Report. Zanzibar: Zanzibar Cash Crops Farming Systems Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources. WALSH M. T., 1995b (ed.) The Development of Turmeric as a Cash Crop in Mwambe, Pemba ...
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15. Compare Sacleux, defining Unguja and Tumbatu dialect chochoni (Cochoni in his orthography): "Bulbille aérien de l'igname vénéneuse mčochoni. Il est arrondi, lisse, brillant, d'un brun violacé, sans amertume. Sa poudre, mêlée à celle de datura mranaha est employée pour tuer les rats et les oiseaux destructeurs. En t...
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manioc, les noix de coco immatures et les mangues vertes; et toute une gamme de feuilles et autres légumes consommés aussi bien dans les périodes d'abondance que dans les longues périodes de disette. Les ressources sauvages les plus importantes étaient trois sortes de tubercules: l'igname amère Dioscorea dumetorum et s...
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biblio-hk-10-kasonia
# PHNOBOTANIQUE DU TRAITEMENT DE L'ASTHME AU KIVU (ZAÎRE) K. KASONIA<br>Université de Lubumbashi, doctorant à l'Université de Liège, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, B-41, Bld. de Colonster, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgique<br>M. ANSAY, P. GUSTIN \& C. PLUME<br>Université de Liège, Fa...
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ques en laboratoire pour en éliminer ce qui est faux, tout en répondant à une autre éthique du développement, plus conforme aux réalités du terrain, des lois écologiques et de la vie. ## MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES Notre enquête a commencé en août et s'est terminée en octobre 1991 dans la région du Kivu (Est du Zaïre) entre...
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Tableau 1 Plantes intervenant dans la confection des recettes antiasthmatiques au Kivu (Zaire) | ACANTHACEAE | : | 1. Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Heine | | :--: | :--: | :--: | | AMARANTHACEAE | : | 2. Amaranthus spinosus L. | | ASTERACEAE | : | 3. Bidens pilosa L. | | | | 4. Cynara scolymus L. | | | | 5. Dichr...
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4. Cynara scolymus L. NV : artichaut (français) I: - asthme Or: feuilles PA : voir $\mathrm{n}^{\circ} 13$ 5. Dichrocephala integrifolia (L. f.) Kuntze [=Dichrocephala bicolor (Roth.) Schlultend.] NV : Kihumbuhumbu (kinande) ; Citundambuga (mashi) ; Umubuza (kinyarwanda) ; Itundambuka (kirega) ; Kitindabuga (kitembo) ...
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## CARYOPHYLLACEAE 10. Drymaria cordata (L.) Wild. ex Roem. et Schultes NV : Mbangula (kinande) ; Bwahula (mashi) ; Umurangamirwa, Ubwungo (kinyarwanda) ; Nyamwima, Cherera (kitembo) ; Bwagulo, Idumbula (kirega). I: - asthme - aseptie ombilicale pour le bébé - autres affections pulmonaires Or: plante entière fraîche...
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soit réduite de moitié ; filtrer, ajouter 400 ml de miel au filtrat et chauffer. - le médicament antiasthmatique est obtenu en additionnant à 11 de ce mélange, 150 ml d'essence de Drymaria cordata et 10 ml d'essence d'Eucalyptus globulus - le traitement dure 7 jours et consiste en l'administration orale d'une cuilleré...
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19. Mentha aquatica L. NV : Luifuye (mashi) I: - asthme - gastrite et constipation Or: sommités fleuries PA : décoction de $\pm 500 \mathrm{~g}$ de sommités fleuries dans 51 d'eau ; prendre un demi-verre de décocté par jour en 2 ou 3 prises. ## MALVACEAE 20. Sida rhombifolia L. NV : Omuthundula (kinande) ; Mudund...
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I: - asthme Or: sommités fleuries PA : (voir $\mathrm{n}^{\circ} 29$ ). ## RANUNCULACEAE 26. Clematis hirsuta Perr. et Guill. var. hirsuta NV : Luhombia mashaka, Kalumisa (mashi) ; Kinyukambele (kirega) ; Umukamba w'igikasa (kinyarwanda). I: - asthme - céphalée - toux Or: lianes et feuilles fraîches récoltées le m...
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tique (Bellomaria \& Arnold 1990) ; Guizotia scabra est indiquée contre la fièvre, Vernonia amygdalina contre la fièvre et les parasites intestinaux, Harungana madagascariensis et Embelia schimperi contre le ténia (Baerts \& Lehmann 1990) ; Amaranthus spinosus et Lantana trifolia interviennent dans la pathologie de la ...
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# PLANTS USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE BY HAYAS OF THE KAGERA REGION, TANZANIA. Chhabra, S. C. AND R. L. A. MAHunNAH #### Abstract Chhabra, S. C. (Chemistry department. Kenyatta University. PO Box 43844. Nairobi. Kenya) and R. L. A. Mahunnah (Institute of Traditional Medicine. Muhimbili Medical Centre. PO Box 65001...
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# MATERIALS AND METHODS During a three week expedition in June 1987, six villages of the Bukoba and Muleba districts of the Kagera region were surveyed. Interviews were conducted in Kiswahili (the national language). Those interviewed during the survey included older persons whose empirical knowledge was respected by...
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# ENUMERATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS In the following account the plants are arranged alphabetically under family and species. The data are presented in this order: botanical name/ TMRU collection number (in italics) / vernaular (Haya) names (in bold letters) locality (village)/ plan habit / distribution / brief descrip...
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# CAESALPINACEAE 5 Cassia gracilior (Ghesq.) Steyaert/ TMRU 3150 / mnkuza / Tukutukuc/ Herb/ east and south Africa/ See Justicia matammensis (Acanthaceae). 6 Cassia kirkii Oliv. var. kirkii / TMRU 31831 / kashenganzili / Kahororo/ herb/ east, west and south Africa/ leaf infusion or decoction is drunk in case of trau...
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# EUPHORBIACEAE 11. Acalypha stuhlmannii Pax / TMRU 3155 / mwiza / Tukutuku / herb / east and south Africa/ an infusion of the dried powdered aerial parts is mixed with wheat porridge and eaten for the treatment of diarrhoea. 12 Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. et Thonn./ TMRU 3156 / m'mbondo / Tukutuku/ herb/ widesprea...
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18 Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana var. debilis / TMRU 3163 / kituntunu / Kahororo / herb/ East and South Africa / decoction of the twigs of this plant, together with those of Syzygium cordatum Hochst., Crotalaria microcarpa Benth .. Kotschya africana Endl. and Anthospermum herbaceum L. f. var. herbaceum, is drunk as a...
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# PAPILIONACEAE 21 Crotalaria microcarpa Benth./ TMRU 3167 / kiroctuman / Kahororo/ herb/ widespread in the drier parts of tropical Africa/ see Dissotis debilis var. debilis (Melastomataceae). 22 Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) De. var. robustum Schubert / TMRU 3168 / kirandira / Tukutuku / herb / tropical Africa / see S...
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# RUBIACEAE 29 Anthosperrnum herbaceum L. f. var. herbaceum / TMRU 3175 / enganyoil / Kahororo/ herb! east and south Africa, Arabia/ See Dissotis debilis var. debilis Triana (Melastomataceae). 30 Pentas zanzibarica (Klotzsch) Vatke/ TMRU 3176 / kashenda / Tukutuku / herb / east and central Africa! See Justicia matam...
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# LITERATURE CITED Adinarayana, D., P, Ramachandraiah, and K. N. Rao. 1985. Flavonoid profiles of certain species of Rhynchosia of the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Experientia 41 :251-252. Arnason, T., Ci-K. Wat, K. Downurm, E. Yamamoto, E. Graham, and G. H. N. Towers. 1980. Photo sensitization of Escherichia coli ...
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Chhabra, S. c., R. L. A. Mahunnah, and E. N. Mshiu 1990. Plants .used in traditional medicine in Eastern Tanzania. III. Angiosperms (Euphorbiaceae to Menisperrnaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 28:255-283. Chhabra, S. c., R. L. A. Mahunnah, and E. N. Mshiu 1990. Plants used in traditional medicine in Eastern Tanzani...
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Hartzler, E. R. 1945. The availability of ascorbic acid in papayas and guavas. Journal of Nutrition 30: 355-365. Hedberg, I., O. Hedberg, P. Madati, K. E. Mshigeni, E. N. Mshiu, and G. Samuelsson. 1982. Inventory. of plants used in traditional medicine in Tanzania. 1. Plants of the families Acanthaceae-Cucurbitaceae. ...
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Lin, L.-L., c.v. Wu, H.-C. Hsiu, M.-T. Wang, and H. Chuang. 1967. Diabetes mellitus. 1. The hypoglycemie activity ofphytosterin on alloxan-diabetic rats. T'ai-wan 1 Hsueh Hui Tsa Chih 66:58-66. In Chemical Abstracts 68:20822b. MacLeod, A. J., and N. Gonzalez de Troconis. 1982. Volatile flavour components of guava. Phyt...
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Oliveros-Belardo, L., R. M. Smith, J. M. Robinson, and V. Albano. 1986. A chemical study of the essential oil from the fruit peeling of Psidium guajava L. Philippine Journal of Science IIS: 1-21. Osman, A. M., Y. M. EI-Garby, and A. E. Sheta. 1974. Chemical examination of local plants. VI. Triterpenoids of the leaves o...
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Spencer, G. F., R. Kleiman, R. W. Miller, and F. R. Earle. 1971. Occurrence of cis-6-hexadecenoic acid as the major component of Thunbergia alata seed oil. Lipids 6:712-714 Stevens, K. L., J. E. Brekke, and D. J. Stern. 1972. Volatile constituents in guava. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18:598-599. Towers,...
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biblio-ha-55-avigdor
# Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. The current status of knowledge of herbal medicine and medicinal plants in Fiche, Ethiopia Journal of Ethnobiolog...
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# The current status of knowledge of herbal medicine and medicinal plants in Fiche, Ethiopia Elizabeth d'Avigdor ${ }^{1 *}$<br>${ }^{1}$ Corresponding author<br>Email: edavigdor@hotmail.com<br>Hans Wohlmuth ${ }^{2}$<br>Email: hans.wohlmuth@integria.com<br>Zemede Asfaw ${ }^{3}$<br>Email: zemede.asfaw@aau.edu.et<br>...
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# Results Fourteen lay community members and one professional herbalist provided information about 73 medicinal plants used locally. An ethnobotanical survey was performed and voucher specimens of 53 of the plants, representing 33 families, were collected and deposited at the EIB Herbarium. The community members are ...
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# Tradition Herbalism is one aspect of traditional medicine practice in Ethiopia as it is in many other countries [15]. Herbs have traditionally been used in the home to treat family sickness, and occasionally traditional healers may be consulted. Traditional healers may be from the religious traditions of Cushitic M...
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# Participants The focus of the case study was the town of Fiche, in the North Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Fiche is located 115 km north of Addis Ababa, $9^{\circ} 48^{\prime} \mathrm{N}$ and $38^{\circ} 44^{\prime} \mathrm{E}$, at an elevation of 2700 metres above sea level, with a town population in 2007...
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community members (H1 and H2), Doyu-Armon garden site (site for planned garden) (D-A), Escarpment above River Jemma Gorge (E) and Fiche Saturday market (M). The Jemma River is a tributary of the Blue Nile. Table 1 shows the timetable of fieldwork. Table 1 Timetable of fieldwork | Present: | Session | Where | Duration...
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uninterrupted flow of discussion unless it strayed significantly from the topic, in which case an appropriate question was asked. Some contextual information was given by the free discussion in this way, often providing additional (unprompted) cultural background. # Data analysis Grounded theory was applied as a met...
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participation in both receiving and passing on knowledge, and having that knowledge may not receive the importance it deserves [9] The grounded theory approach to analysis was helpful, especially given the particular complexities associated with this study viz. the principal researcher was collecting data while immers...
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in Addis Ababa. The families contributing the most taxa were Asteraceae (6), Solanaceae (6), Lamiaceae (5) and Fabaceae (5). The major classes of indications cited by informants were gastrointestinal complaints ( 25 plants) including megagna (12), tapeworm infection (8) and hepatitis (5); psychiatric conditions (7) and...
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Table 3 Herb data chart | Botanical and family name [25] | Local name (Amharic) | Voucher Use No. | Preparation | Informant Quotes and observations (code) | | Literature | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | Achyranthes aspera L. <br> Amaranthaceae | Telenj/qay telenj | 1933 | Part of a recipe for sh...
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| Pteridaceae | | | | | doctor's treatment had not worked. I asked the shamagalay why this worked better than the clinic treatment. He said it was to contain the wound so that it did not affect the bone" | | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | Albizia anthelmintica Brongn. Fabaceae | Musena | Taen...
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| | | | | (spirit brewed with fermented grains and Hagenia abyssinica) | | side effect on the stomach (gastritis). If you want to protect yourself you may take lightly roasted Talba (Linum usitatissimum) or Abish (Trigonella foenumgraecum)" | Widely used as a medicinal plant worldwide | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--:...
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![img-0.jpeg](img-0.jpeg)
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| Asparagus africanus Lam. | Seriti | 1928 | Rituals such as circumcision, and giving birth | Branch hung in the doorway | M1 | Considered cleansing because "women are unclean just after giving birth" | Fresh pulverised root taken mixed with water to stimulate milk secretion. The use of the plant against gouty arthriti...
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| | | | | | | you are going to die" | Used as a fish poison or as a cure for dysentery [46] | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | Capparis tomentosa Lam. Capparaceae | Gumero | | Psychiatric disease | In formula (see Solanum incanum) | F3 | | Bleeding after delivery [30] | | Catha edulis...
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| | | | | With Meterre (Glinus lotoides) and Kosso (Hagenia abyssinica) <br> The ripe fruits are collected and the exocarp removed. Fruit swallowed directly using water | M8 <br> M3 | "I remember my mother giving me this combination" <br> "It is ok to take Enkoko, Musena and Nug together" | | | :--: | :--: | :--: ...
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| Molluginaceae | | | | abyssinica) and Musena (Albizia anthelmintica). Taken orally as a paste | | | | | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | | | | | Cleaned and ground with Nug (Guizotia abyssinica), added sugar and eaten before food. Fast until noon before taking it, then the...
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| Hordeum vulgare <br> L. Poaceae | Gebs | | Hypertension | Taken as a fermented barley drink. Gebs (germinated barley), Mashilla (Sorghum spp.) are baked together like a bread. This is broken up and fermented together with beajil (malt starter), brewed and distilled. Drunk from a shot glass | F1 | | Hordenine with d...
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| Lepidium sativum L. Brassicaceae | Feto <br> L. Brassicaceae | 2020 | Unexplained stomach problems (megagna) | Ground, mixed with lemon juice and water | F5 | Found on sale in Fiche market | Skin problems, fever, eye diseases, amoebic dysentery, abortion and asthma, intestinal complaints [59] Aphrodisiac, gastritis, ...
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| Oсimum <br> lamiifolium <br> Hochst. Ex Benth. <br> Lamiaceae | Demakese | 1926 | Fever with headache (mich) | Rub in the hand and squeeze to get juice, add to coffee or drink | F5 | Demonstrated putting a gabi - heavy cotton shawl - over the head for inhalation of vapour | The fresh leaves are squeezed and the juice...
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| | | | To keep the wife from <br> straying <br> To stop enemies from <br> attacking <br> To prevent bullets from <br> penetrating <br> To keep devils away <br> To stop pain | in the ground for a week. <br> When opened, the inky <br> fluid is used as an ink to <br> write a spell, or charm. <br> Alternatively, the in...
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collected, being careful to get it all, on a Friday or a Monday. These are chopped and then mixed with honey, which is collected in October. The woman should take it at the end of menstruation ## M2 The chopped fruit is mixed with water as a wash for the hands the day she takes the medication. "If she sleeps with her...
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| Podocorpus falcatus (Thunb.) R.Br.ex Mirb. Podocarpaceae | Zegba | | Hepatitis formula | Formula: | M2 | "My uncle took the leaf of Zegba and leaf of Togor and leaf of Nechilo. Then the root of Chifrig and the young shoot of Yerzingero addis and then Embwacho and the whole plant of Serabizu and the young shoot of Ge...
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| Polygonaceae | | | available, then the leaves of Tenadam (Ruta chalepensis) may be used instead | | forced to chew it, I would be beaten if I did not chew it" | Abdominal cramp, child diarrhoea, toothache, liver disease, eye infection [4] <br> Stomach ache [13] | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | ...
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| | | | Nosebleed | All plants are combined and all the juice is applied through the left nostril. The combination may also be inhaled from smoke | M6 | "A nun showed me" | | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | Stephania <br> abyssinica <br> (Quart.-Dill.\& <br> A.Rich.) Walp. <br> Menisperm...
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| Scrophulariaceae | | | Psychiatric disease (lekeft) | In formula (see Artemisia abyssinica) | F2 | | | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | Verbena officinalis L. | Aqwarach/ | 1950 | Tonsillitis | Chewed | F5 | "My mother would chew it, and she has to take 2 birr* for this. Unless they tak...
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| | | | | growing in your garden?" | Main actions: Adaptogen, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal, anti-inflammatory, chondroprotective, anticancer, anxiolytic and antidepressant [72] | | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | Zehneria scabra Hareg resa/Shahare 1954 Sond. | Dandruff (forefore) | | F2 | ...
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Each informant contributed information about the herbs with which they were particularly familiar. Because discussions were allowed to flow in an unstructured way, this did not lead to a fidelity rating for all the herbs as agreement was not specifically sought from each informant on any one herb and no prompts were gi...
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# Conservation of herbs Informants demonstrated an understanding of conservation practices in their wildcrafting of the herbs. When Aloe pulcherrima plants were dug up during a field-walk/discussion session (W4), the underground stems were planted for future growth, and an informant helping with collection and identi...
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Botanica Ethiopia objectives of establishing herbal gardens, contributing and encouraging discussion and collaboration. When the purpose of the research was explained, he said: "Teruneew. (It is good). This must happen. What we are doing is important for the herbs" Another professional herbalist in the area later supp...
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