Update comet catalog: 1,278 comets

README.md

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+---
+license: cc0-1.0
+pretty_name: "Comet Catalog"
+language:
+  - en
+description: >-
+  Catalog of comets sourced from Wikidata, including orbital parameters,
+  discovery dates, discoverers, and named-after information.
+  1,278 comets with orbital mechanics data.
+size_categories:
+  - 1K<n<10K
+task_categories:
+  - tabular-classification
+tags:
+  - space
+  - comets
+  - orbital-mechanics
+  - wikidata
+  - open-data
+  - tabular-data
+  - parquet
+configs:
+  - config_name: default
+    default: true
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/comets.parquet
+---
+
+# Comet Catalog
+
+*Part of the [Orbital Mechanics Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/orbital-mechanics-datasets-69c24caca4ab3934c9856994) collection on Hugging Face.*
+
+Catalog of **1,278** comets sourced from [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/), covering
+orbital parameters, discovery history, and naming origins.
+
+## Dataset description
+
+Comets are small icy bodies that develop a coma and tails when approaching the Sun.
+They originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud and follow highly eccentric orbits
+ranging from short-period comets (< 200 years) to long-period and hyperbolic visitors.
+
+This dataset aggregates structured comet data from Wikidata's SPARQL endpoint, capturing
+orbital mechanics (period, perihelion distance, eccentricity, inclination), discovery
+metadata (date, discoverer), and cultural information (named-after entities). It covers
+historically significant comets like Halley's Comet and Hale-Bopp through recently
+discovered objects.
+
+The data enables studies of comet population statistics, orbital dynamics, discovery
+rate trends over time, and the history of comet observation and naming conventions.
+
+## Schema
+
+| Column | Type | Description |
+|--------|------|-------------|
+| `wikidata_id` | string | Wikidata entity ID (e.g. Q1390) |
+| `name` | string | Comet name or designation |
+| `discovery_date` | string | Date of discovery (YYYY-MM-DD) |
+| `discoverer` | string | Name of discoverer(s) |
+| `orbital_period_yr` | float | Orbital period (years) |
+| `perihelion_au` | float | Perihelion distance (AU) |
+| `eccentricity` | float | Orbital eccentricity |
+| `inclination_deg` | float | Orbital inclination (degrees) |
+| `named_after` | string | Entity the comet is named after |
+| `epoch` | string | Orbital element epoch (YYYY-MM-DD) |
+| `discovery_year` | int | Year of discovery (derived) |
+
+## Quick stats
+
+- **1,278** comets in catalog
+- **813** with orbital period data
+- **1,225** with perihelion distance
+- **1,227** with eccentricity
+- **728** with named discoverer
+- Discovery years: 1680 – 2026
+- Top discoverers: Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (56), Pan-STARRS (27), Jean-Louis Pons (26), Andrea Boattini (23), Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (21)
+
+## Usage
+
+```python
+from datasets import load_dataset
+
+ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/comet-catalog", split="train")
+df = ds.to_pandas()
+
+# Short-period comets (period < 200 years)
+short_period = df[df["orbital_period_yr"] < 200].dropna(subset=["orbital_period_yr"])
+print(f"{len(short_period):,} short-period comets")
+
+# Most recently discovered comets
+recent = df.dropna(subset=["discovery_year"]).nlargest(10, "discovery_year")
+print(recent[["name", "discovery_year", "discoverer"]])
+
+# Highly eccentric comets (near-parabolic or hyperbolic)
+high_ecc = df[df["eccentricity"] >= 0.99].dropna(subset=["eccentricity"])
+print(high_ecc[["name", "eccentricity", "orbital_period_yr"]])
+
+# Comets by perihelion distance
+inner = df[df["perihelion_au"] < 0.3].dropna(subset=["perihelion_au"])
+print(f"{len(inner):,} sungrazing comets (perihelion < 0.3 AU)")
+```
+
+## Data source
+
+[Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/) SPARQL endpoint. Comets identified via
+P31 (instance of) / P279* (subclass of) traversal from Q3559 (comet).
+Data is community-curated by [WikiProject Astronomy](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Astronomy).
+
+## Update schedule
+
+Quarterly (January, April, July, October). Run `python scripts/update-comets.py` manually to refresh.
+
+## Related datasets
+
+- [mpc-comet-elements](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mpc-comet-elements) -- MPC orbital elements for comets
+- [jpl-small-body-database](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/jpl-small-body-database) -- JPL small body orbital data
+- [fireball-bolide-events](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/fireball-bolide-events) -- Fireball and bolide events
+
+## Pipeline
+
+Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)
+
+## Support
+
+If you find this dataset useful, please give it a ❤️ on the [dataset page](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/comet-catalog) and share feedback in the Community tab! Also consider giving a ⭐️ to the [space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) repo.
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@dataset{comet_catalog,
+  author = {Simon, Julien},
+  title = {Comet Catalog},
+  year = {2026},
+  publisher = {Hugging Face},
+  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/comet-catalog},
+  note = {Sourced from Wikidata (CC0)}
+}
+```
+
+## License
+
+[CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) (Wikidata content is public domain)

data/comets.parquet

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