Update MPC comet elements: 946 comets

README.md

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+---
+license: cc-by-4.0
+pretty_name: "MPC Comet Orbital Elements"
+language:
+  - en
+description: "Orbital elements for all known comets from the Minor Planet Center. Includes perihelion distance, eccentricity, orbital angles, magnitude, and classification."
+task_categories:
+  - tabular-classification
+  - tabular-regression
+tags:
+  - space
+  - comets
+  - orbits
+  - mpc
+  - orbital-mechanics
+  - open-data
+  - tabular-data
+size_categories:
+  - n<1K
+configs:
+  - config_name: default
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/mpc_comet_elements.parquet
+    default: true
+---
+
+# MPC Comet Orbital Elements
+
+*Part of the [Orbital Mechanics Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/orbital-mechanics-datasets-69c24caca4ab3934c9856994) collection on Hugging Face.*
+
+Orbital elements for **946** known comets published by the
+[Minor Planet Center](https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/) (MPC).
+Covers periodic, long-period, defunct, and interstellar objects.
+
+## Dataset description
+
+The MPC maintains the authoritative catalogue of comet orbits, updated as new
+observations refine existing solutions and new comets are discovered. Each record
+contains the six Keplerian orbital elements (perihelion distance, eccentricity,
+argument of perihelion, longitude of the ascending node, inclination, and
+perihelion date), plus absolute magnitude and slope parameter.
+
+## Schema
+
+| Column | Type | Description |
+|--------|------|-------------|
+| `periodic_comet_number` | Int64 | IAU periodic comet number (null for non-periodic) |
+| `orbit_type` | string | MPC orbit type code: C (long-period), P (periodic), D (defunct), X (uncertain), I (interstellar), A (minor-planet-like) |
+| `orbit_type_name` | string | Human-readable orbit type |
+| `packed_designation` | string | MPC packed provisional designation |
+| `perihelion_year` | int | Year of perihelion passage |
+| `perihelion_month` | int | Month of perihelion passage |
+| `perihelion_day` | float | Day of perihelion passage (TT) |
+| `perihelion_date` | datetime | Perihelion passage date (truncated to day) |
+| `perihelion_distance_au` | float64 | Perihelion distance (AU) |
+| `eccentricity` | float64 | Orbital eccentricity |
+| `arg_perihelion_deg` | float64 | Argument of perihelion, J2000.0 (degrees) |
+| `lon_asc_node_deg` | float64 | Longitude of the ascending node, J2000.0 (degrees) |
+| `inclination_deg` | float64 | Inclination to ecliptic, J2000.0 (degrees) |
+| `epoch_date` | datetime | Epoch of osculating elements (perturbed solutions) |
+| `absolute_magnitude_h` | float64 | Absolute (total) magnitude parameter H |
+| `slope_parameter_g` | float64 | Photometric slope parameter G |
+| `orbital_period_years` | float64 | Orbital period in years (Kepler's 3rd law, null for hyperbolic) |
+| `is_hyperbolic` | bool | True if eccentricity >= 1.0 |
+| `name` | string | Comet name / designation |
+| `reference` | string | MPC reference for the orbit solution |
+
+## Quick stats
+
+- **946** comets total
+- **639** periodic (P), **290** long-period (C), **3** defunct (D)
+- **115** on hyperbolic orbits (eccentricity >= 1)
+- Perihelion distances range from **0.0057** to **14.1** AU
+- Closest perihelion: **C/2026 A1 (MAPS)** at **0.005738** AU
+
+## Usage
+
+```python
+from datasets import load_dataset
+
+ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/mpc-comet-elements", split="train")
+df = ds.to_pandas()
+
+# All periodic comets
+periodic = df[df["orbit_type"] == "P"].sort_values("perihelion_distance_au")
+
+# Hyperbolic / interstellar visitors
+hyperbolic = df[df["is_hyperbolic"]].sort_values("eccentricity", ascending=False)
+
+# Sun-grazing comets (perihelion < 0.05 AU)
+sungrazers = df[df["perihelion_distance_au"] < 0.05]
+
+# Distribution of inclinations
+df["inclination_deg"].hist(bins=50)
+```
+
+## Data source
+
+[Minor Planet Center — Comet Orbital Elements](https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPCORB/CometEls.txt).
+Format documentation: [Comet Orbit Format](https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/CometOrbitFormat.html).
+
+## Update schedule
+
+Rebuilt monthly (static dataset).
+
+## Related datasets
+
+- [neo-close-approaches](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/neo-close-approaches) — NEO close approaches from NASA JPL
+- [mpc-asteroid-orbits](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mpc-asteroid-orbits) — MPC asteroid orbital elements
+
+## Pipeline
+
+Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)
+
+## Citation
+
+```bibtex
+@dataset{mpc_comet_elements,
+  author = {Simon, Julien},
+  title = {MPC Comet Orbital Elements},
+  year = {2026},
+  publisher = {Hugging Face},
+  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mpc-comet-elements},
+  note = {Based on data from the IAU Minor Planet Center}
+}
+```
+
+## License
+
+[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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