Datasets:

k3nn3dy
/

hackthebox

+{"text": "What's going on YouTube? This is Ipsac. We're doing Tomb Watcher from Hack the Box, which starts out with a pretty lengthy active directory attack chain, which will test your impact and bloody AD knowledge. However, you'll come to a dead end that is tough to enumerate yourself past. If you look at certify output, you'll see a SID, not user object can do what you need. The SID is shown because Active Directory cannot resolve the object as it's currently a tombstone, which is essentially just saying it is soft deleted. When dealing with computers, it is important to remember delete does not mean purge.", "start": 0.32, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Oftent times delete is just moving something to the recycle bin where it can be restored at a later time. Once we realize this, we can restore the object, take ownership and then perform active directory certificate services escalation technique 16 in order to get root. So with that being said, let's just jump in. As always, we're going to start off with an end map. So - sc for default scripts, SV enumerate versions vv for double verbose. This gives us things like the TTL oa output all formats point in the end map directory and we'll call it tome watcher. and then the IP address of 10101.72. This can take some time to run, so I've already ran it. Looking at the results, we have 12 ports open. The first one is DNS on port 53 and has the default Active Directory banner of simple DNS plus. So whenever I see that, I do confirm yes, Active Directory is running. We see it on LDAP here. And", "start": 28.72, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "then the domain is towatcher.htb. So I'm going to add that into my host file. So let's do pseudo v etsy host and then add 1010 11172 towash.htb and the certificate also gives us the host name which is dco1. So let's go ahead and add that as well. So dc1 tomash htb and I'll add the host name or net bios name of just dco1 as well. So we have all three names for the windows box. Let's see what else we have on admap. Um I'm mainly looking for non-standard things. We have an IIS server listing on port 80. So if we go here and search HTTP towatcher HTTP, we just get the welcome page. We could try like DC01 as well and we still get the IIS page. So I'm just checking for like virtual host routing if it gives a different web page per host name that we give it. Doesn't look like that's the case. So let's take a look at what else", "start": 77.28, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "we have, right? Um we have Keraros, um LDAP.", "start": 129.84, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Let's see what else. Um this is a little bit odd. Maybe I'm just blind and this is always here. But we see this other name, this weird oid and it says unsupported. Don't actually know what this is. Um, if we go to Google, I was hoping to type Google. Um, I'm just going to Google the oid. See what it says.", "start": 135.04, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Um, NTDS replication. I don't know exactly what this is. Um, something maybe smart code login related, but okay. Uh let's see if we get stuck then we'll know kind of what to look at. Uh we have SMB open some more Kerro stuff secured LDAP and then probably going to be like global catalog as well. So there's really nothing too interesting from end map. Uh it does tell us there is a 4-hour clock skew. So if we want to do anything Kerros related we know we have to run NTP date to sync the time. So let's take a look at um what else we have. Right. This is an assumed breach box. So we start out with a set of credentials. The username is Henry and this is the password. So I'm just going to validate that with net exec. So do SMB dco1 term watcher htb username Henry password of that's not the password. There we go.", "start": 155.36, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And let's make sure we get authenticated. And then once we do I always like just checking for open shares. And then while this runs I'm also going to run rust hound. So we'll do rust town. Uh domain is towatcher.htb username henry the password of that. There we go. And actually hold on one second. Um I'm going to do a uh let's see we did the password um a dash z. So everything gets zipped up at the end. And if you're wondering why I switched over to Rust Hound, it's mainly because it collects a lot more things than the Python ingesters like certificate templates. So if I ran the Blood Hound Community Edition or Net Exec, it wouldn't collect all these things. So Rust Hound seems to do a better job at collecting things. Um, Sharp Hound is the best, but we need to have an interactive session on the box. We don't have that. So that's why I'm defaulting to Rust Hound here. Um, let's", "start": 214.159, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "see. So we just ran Blood Hound. Let's go ahead and start the server. So, I'll do op bloodhound server docker compose up-d and this should start things up. And if I go over into uh Chromium, I find this to be better than Firefox for um Blood Hound. Firefox is just laggy for me.", "start": 270.0, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "This seems to be a lot better. So, I'm going to upload files and then I'm going to go to HTB. Uh where is Blood uh to watcher Titanic? There we go. term watcher. Give it the zip. Upload it. And now it is ingesting. It can take a minute or two for this to run. I'm trying to think if there's anything else we want to do. Um, we could check for lowhanging fruit. Let's say like um ker roast things. So, we can do like ldap and then d- kerber roasting.", "start": 290.0, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Um, it wants an argument. I think if I do dash, it'll go to standard L. Uh, let's see. And there's no curb roastable users. Uh Kobe TGT which is disabled and it skips it. And if it was, this is going to be a randomly generated password. So um we can't crack it anyways. Uh it looks like partially complete.", "start": 323.6, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "There is one error. I always get one error. I don't know exactly what that is, but it seems to be working. Um I say seems to and we get no data available. I wonder if it doesn't actually like the zip. Um, let's do 7zx on this. Upload files. Uh, htb tome watcher. Let's give it all these JSON files. Not that zip.", "start": 344.0, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Upload. So, I think when we give it the zip, if it errors on a file, it just won't ingest. But if we give it all the JSON individually, maybe it ingests correctly. Um, because there's definitely no data available. That is odd, but good to know. Um, so it looks like whenever I'm not using that zip, I'm actually working past a bug and did not realize it. It's still interesting. I'm probably going to pause the video here and we'll resume when this is done. Okay, we are now done. So, let's go back over to explore and see what we have. If I go to my user that we have um compromised just because it gave us the credential. I'm going to mark them as owned. And then I always like just clicking on outbound control and see what we have. So Henry can write the SPN to Alfred and that is service principal", "start": 372.08, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "name. So whenever you give an account the service principal name, you can crack u you can do curb roasting. So we can do a targeted curb roast attack on Alfred, potentially crack his password and then let's go ahead and see um what Alfred can do. So if we had compromised him, he can add himself to the infrastructure um group. So let's see what the infrastructure group can do. Um it can read the group managed service account password of anible development and what can anible do let's go to the outbound control um anible can force the password change of Sam and also um it's a member of domain computers and can enroll in a few certificates um but let's see what Sam can do um outbound control he can write the owner to John so he can take ownership over this account and now what can John do um let's go over to outbound control. It is", "start": 418.639, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "generic all to this um organizational unit. So anything in this organizational unit, John can take over. And if I look at it, there's nothing here. We don't have any users, groups, whatnot under it. But we have a relatively long path to John. I'm just going to go to path finding. We can do Henry. Type in John here.", "start": 472.319, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And I'm going to make this on the screen because I think that's going to be easier for us to analyze later. Let's go like that. That this this is definitely a long attack chain. There we go.", "start": 492.0, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So, as Henry, we can write the SPN to Alfred. That'll let us do a target targeted Karost attack. If we can crack the password, then we can add ourselves to the infrastructure group, which then we can read the GMSA password of Anible, which lets us change the password to SAM, which lets us take ownership over John. So, we could um change the password, and since we know ADCS is most likely installed, we could also um do a shadow password. So, we can grab the NLM hash that way. So, let's start off this attack chain. Um we're going to start off by doing the targeted curb roast attack. And I'm not going to show the Python script that automates it all just because you always have to clone it. I don't have that script handy. But if you wanted to use that um we got targeted Kerarost on ipsack.ros. You can see I probably did it in administrator or vintage. Um we're just going to do this", "start": 511.28, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "manually with bloody AD. I also like doing it manually because you can see exactly what is going on. So um let's go back here. If we do the net exec um let's go Henry and we try to do curb roasting we'll get no results here right so I'm going to run bloody ad think like that yep and then dash u henry-p we'll put in Henry's password and then we want to do host 1010 11172 and then we're going to set object and we're going set something on Alfred and I think if we do dash h it'll tell us what we can do. Um target SAM account named DN uh oh that's the target. So we're specifying the SAM account name and then the attribute and the attribute we want to use is SPN and that's going to be service principle name and it is case sensitive.", "start": 560.64, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "the lower um the first character is normally lowercase and then the next two words normally have uppercase for the first it's a weird casing thing that um bloody ad likes but it is pretty particular and then we do -v and this is going to set the value so it's setting the service principle value to anything we want I'm going to just do http poned we can set it to anything and once we do this we will now be able to do a ker roast attack watch right here we got one record uh clock skew. So let's do NTP date. Uh 10 10 1172. Uh we have to do that with pseudo.", "start": 624.32, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And now we can do NTP date to set the time. Um no eligible servers. There we go. I'm not sure exactly what went on there, but now we have set the time. So let's go ahead and rerun our net exec and hopefully we get a hash. We do. So what I'm going to do now is unset this, right? So if I take away the value, this is how you tell it to unset.", "start": 662.56, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So here we have service principle name has been updated. And if I run this again, um, let me just go ahead and copy this hash real quick. There we go. So if we run this again, it's no longer give us a hash because we removed that service principle name. There we go. So, let's go ahead and SSH into the Kraken, which is just a box on my network. Um, you can just run hashcat on your host machine. I wouldn't recommend doing it in a VM because it will go slow. I'm going to do v hashes. Uh, the name of this box is tome watcher and we'll do kob um roast, I guess. Uh, that's not it.", "start": 692.079, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "There we go. Then dot slash hashcat um opt. Oh, this is going to be the hashes first, right? Hashes tome watcher. There we go. Opt word list rocku for the dictionary. And this should crack it relatively quickly. Uh we have to specify the type. It is a kerarose 5. So 13 100 I think. Let's see. There we go. It has cracked it already and it is basketball. So, the password for the first step is going to be basketball. And that was Alfred. So, let's go back here. Um, and I'm going to do uh vcrreds.ext Alfred basketball. And then we also can set Henry and put Henry's credentials here. Always should get in the habit of logging passwords as you get them right.", "start": 734.56, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "There we go. Okay. So now we have Alfred. We can add ourselves to the infrastructure group which will let us read the GMSA password over anible dev. So let's go ahead and do this. So I'm going to run um let's see. Do I have bloody AD here?", "start": 803.6, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Let's just do that again. Bloody AD. Uh, we'll do host 1010 11172. User Alfred, password of basketball. And then what we want to do is add group member lowercase G, capital M. Um, and then infrastructure Alfred. So, what we're going to do is add oursel into this group. There we go. Alfred has been added. And now we should be able to run net exec with Alfred um and do GMSA group managed service account. So NXC LDAP um 1010 1172 Alfred P for basketball and then GMSA.", "start": 822.16, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And if you're ever curious how to do things, normally if you just click on the edge, it does give you instructions within Blood Hound on how to do things, right? This is using GMSA dumper. I'm just using net exec. It's a bit of shorthand to do it a little bit quicker. Um, term watcher Alfred Basketball did not authenticate. Alfred Basketball. Well, I wonder if to do domain. Um, let's do DC01 home watcher HTB.", "start": 867.92, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Was it a capital B or something?", "start": 905.199, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Basketball. Alfred.", "start": 910.8, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "A L F R E D. I think I typed Yeah, I typed basketball. There's an extra T. There we go. And we have the NLM hash for anible dev. So, let's go ahead and add this to our host file. So, cred.ext.", "start": 918.72, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Anible dev. Put in the hash. Save that. And then what could this account do? So, now we are here. we can force the password change of Sam. So, let's go ahead and do that.", "start": 936.959, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And I'll be using bloody AD again. Uh, but I just want to look at the arguments to see if there's a different way to set the password hash because for the Anible dev account, we only have the NLM hash. We don't have the password. And it looks like we just do colon then the NLM hash. So, let's go ahead and do um bloody ad then host 10101172 um username anible_dev dollar and I'm going to put this in single quote so it doesn't treat the dollar as a special character um the password we're going to do a colon then the ntlm hash and let's see we want to do set and I want to say it's just password it is so password and then we want the target first. So the target is going to be Sam and then the password I'm going to use is please subscribe. Bang. So let's copy this real quick so it's on my clipboard. Save it. There we go. We have successfully", "start": 954.24, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "changed Sam's password and Sam can write the owner of John. So, let's use Sam to change the owner back to us. So, I'm going to do bloody ad yet again.", "start": 1020.32, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "We'll do Sam. The password is going to be please subscribe. And this will now be set owner of John to Sam.", "start": 1033.6, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So now we own the um John account. So now that we own John, we can add generic all permissions to it. So we can do add generic all John Sam. And now that we have generic all, I'm going to use certifi to create a shadow credential. We could just change John's password, but I always hate changing the password if I have another route to do something, right? So let's do a certifi shadow auto samtome watcher.htb the password of please subscribe the account is going to be John and we'll do DCIP of 1010 1172 um Sam password account. There we go.", "start": 1047.76, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So now we're going to get the TGT of John. And once we do um we'll have the NLM hash of this account and then we can do anything as John. Is that the final step we have? I believe it is. At least according to Blood Hound, we don't have um anything else. Right. This when we clicked outbound, we're now just um generic all over that ADCSOU.", "start": 1100.559, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "If we look at the member of I am a member of remote management. So we can now at this point um use EVO winterm and get on the box. Right. So let's go ahead and save this hash for John. So vcreds John put in this hash here. And now I'm going to use evil winterm to get on the box. So let's give it the IP address of 1010 1172 username of John and the hash of that. And here is where I struggled quite a bit because there's not too much enumeration that's easy to do from the Windows box itself or at least I don't know of it, right? Um you could get user.ext, but really you have to run soda or go deep into Blood Hound and then notice something really particular, right? So if we went back to Blood Hound and we do the cipher queries and then go look at certificates, certificate services. Let's see. I don't think it's this, right? That's just the hierarchy.", "start": 1125.84, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Um, enrollment rights. Yeah, this one. So, this is going to show certificates and enrollment rights. Um, and there's going to be one odd thing. Um, enterprise admin. That's not odd, right? A domain admin, whatever. But we have this SID right here, right? And this SID can enroll onto web services. And normally when you just see the SID, this means that Active Directory can no longer resolve this identity, right? And the reason why is this user is deleted. We could search that. Um, but my next step was, huh, I wonder if that certifi is going to show me the same thing. So, let's go ahead and run certify real quick. So, let's do certupi find um, dash u is going to be what user are we dashes that And then target 10 101 1172. I want to say this is the correct syntax. Looks like it is.", "start": 1187.76, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Uh we could also add the dash vulnerable but it will hide all the certificates that we want. Right? There's nothing vulnerable from this user. The main thing I want to look at is what this web server certificate is. If I click on it, we can see information about it. Everything here is going to be um what certifi tells us as well. This is why I like Blood Hound or Rust Hound. If you use the Python inester, you don't see this information because it doesn't collect certificates. But there we go. We have the results. So, let's go ahead and look at it here. Um, it was the web server. There we go. So, enrollment rights. And again, we have a SID, right?", "start": 1247.919, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So, we want to look at exactly what this SID is. If I go back into WinRM and we're going to run get ad object and we'll give it the filter of object SID is equal to the SID we have and we want to get all properties. So we'll do properties star and it gives us nothing but we didn't include the include deleted objects. So if we specify this, we now get an item. The account is going to beert admin and the location, let's see, is going to be in ADCS, right? So if we go back over to our user, which I think was John, is the last hop we had. John had generic all over the ADCS unit. Right? If we do outbound object control, we have generic all. Now this isn't showing us there is a user underneath this OU that is going to be theert admin. It is deleted. But if we restore the object then we'll have generic all", "start": 1288.24, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "overert admin and we can either change the password or again use that shadow command and um obtain the password.", "start": 1357.84, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Right? So that's what we're going to do here. So, let's go back into Evo WinRM and I'm going to specify um restore ad object and then identity and we'll give it this SID.", "start": 1364.88, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Um cannot find object.", "start": 1384.559, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "That is weird. Let's see. Where's the SID?", "start": 1392.0, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Maybe we want the goo um object gooid, not SID. That's probably it.", "start": 1400.0, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Let's specify this. There we go. So now that account probably exists again. So if we do get AD object, I'm going to take that include delete it off and we can.", "start": 1406.799, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Awesome. So, let's go and exit this. And then I'm going to do that shadow.", "start": 1418.799, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And let's see. We are John at home watcher.", "start": 1426.0, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Uh, let's do hashes because we don't have John's actual password. We just have the hash.", "start": 1431.919, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So we can grab this copy paste and the account is going to beert admin. So let's do this.", "start": 1440.88, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And we should be able to um get the NLM hash of this account. We could try cracking it, but we really don't have to because we have the NLM hash overert admin. There we go. So let's go ahead and copy this. So, vcreds.ext and thenert admin. Paste that in. And then let's go ahead and run certify again. Um, certify.", "start": 1456.159, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "We don't have the command handy. So, certify find um dash uert admin hashes like that.", "start": 1486.48, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "um target 10 10 1172. I'm going to do dashv vulnerable.", "start": 1498.08, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So this will only show me vulnerable certificate templates. And I probably Yeah, that should be fine. We just need vulnerable ones. So I will close that window out. It shouldn't take too long. Um there we go.", "start": 1505.52, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "We have the output. I was about to say going to pause the video and we'll resume when it's done. But we have it.", "start": 1518.24, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And right at the start we see it is vulnerable to ESC15 at least potentially because it says only applicable if the environment has not been patched. CVE20244909 or the wiki for more details and the vulnerability is enrolly supply subject and schema version is one essentially to my understanding when I'm not an expert on this attack but we can actually do some type of weird spoofing in this certificate right we the EKU this is what the certificate is good for um we can use this template to actually say um we're anything right because if we supply the subject we can put different EKUs in it. Right? This certificate is only supposed to give us cert server authentication, but we can also add other um policies like certificate request agent and then exploit ESC3. Um we wouldn't be able to replay it against this template um specifically because", "start": 1524.32, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "it's EKU is only valid for server authentication. But if we find other templates that are on template version one or schema version one I should say um then we'll be able to replay the certificate and use it against that. Uh the wiki does a much better job explaining it than I do. If we just Google like certify GitHub uh go to it, we can talk about it. I'm not going to go that indepth because this is a patch thing. So it's pretty unlikely you'll actually exploit ESC15 in the wild. That being said, if you do find some domains that are vulnerable um that have impassion like a year, you can um do it right. But if we go to the certify wiki, this is a good place to start for any type of ESC5 attack. Um arbitrary application policy injection in V1 templates and it has a lot of information about it. Um there we go. And then first it's going to try to use", "start": 1578.559, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "this client authentication. Um, this will fail right away. I guess we can show it. Um, let's see. Let's do certify admin hashes. They're using what is it? Request. We have target there. Let's see. We need the CA.", "start": 1636.799, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Let's go grab the CA. Here it is.", "start": 1663.919, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And then the template web server. We'll do UPN administer at homeatcher.htb. Is it dashn? It is dash SID. Let's go back to Blood Hound. Go to administrator and try to get this SID.", "start": 1671.679, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "There we go. Okay, we got the SID. What else do we need? The application policy.", "start": 1709.2, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "There we go. Uh, denied. I bet the account is back to um removed. Evil winrm.", "start": 1721.919, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Do we have history? We don't. Um, get 80 object filter. I don't even know this anymore. Um, include deleted objects properties star.", "start": 1737.44, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Let's see. Cert admin. Do we have it up here?", "start": 1759.52, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Please say we can find it. I think this is it.", "start": 1767.6, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Yeah, we need the gooid here.", "start": 1776.96, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Copy. It's going to kill this evil winterm session. Start it up again.", "start": 1784.24, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "restore ad object identity that and I typed 80 object. For some reason, the E on my keyboard just does not appear to be working well.", "start": 1791.679, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "There we go. So, that should be good.", "start": 1825.679, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Let's run this again. And we should get the certificate hopefully. uh target. Yep, there we go. And now if we do what is it like soda o bfx administrator uh target 10 10 1172 unrecognized option is it DC IP or something DC IP There we go. Uh the certificate template and ensure it has the correct EKU. So this did not work for us. Um if we keep going down this path, um I believe we'd be able to use LDAP shell. Um I forget exactly where to specify it. If we go to like the issues, they talk about it, but um I get a weird SSL error because the active directory SSL is using Shaw 1 and my host does not want to use Shaw 1 and I've been having trouble setting my OpenSSL to be able to accept a weak hashing algorithm. So, uh the way that worked for me to do this, uh oh, it's right here. Um certify off PFX. It's LDAP-shell. There we go.", "start": 1834.32, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "this um this is what I get. And I had trouble fixing this, so I gave up trying to do this. And then I requested a certificate with the certificate request agent. And what that's going to do is give me a certificate that I can use to generate other certificates.", "start": 1922.559, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So we're going to put this policy in and I'm going to get rid of the SID and UPN, right? They don't have that. They don't. So, we're going to request this. Um, access denied. There's no way my account already got removed.", "start": 1940.72, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Let's try this again.", "start": 1967.2, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "I think it did. There we go. So, now we have a certificate calledertadmin.pfx.", "start": 1985.76, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "I'm actually going to delete the administrator one we created previously cuz um that will no longer work. But now that we have this certificate, um let's see. I want to keep this all.", "start": 1991.6, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "I don't want the template. There we go. We go to a different certificate that is vulnerable to ESC3.", "start": 2007.679, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "We should be able to take advantage of it. And I'm just going to use the user one. And it has client authentication as the EKU. So that should let me authenticate. So let's go ahead do um certify the CA uh the template is just going to be user the pfx is going to beert admin.pfx PFX and then in this they tell us to use the on behalf of. So let's do on behalf of I'm going to say tomeatcher back slashadministrator and this should give us a certificate that is valid for administrator.", "start": 2019.36, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So let's go ahead and do this again. the pfx of administrator pfx and um the DCIP we get the administrator's nlm hash. So now if I do evil winrm i10 1010 1172 user administrator the hash of this we get logged in. So we can go to desktop and then get root.ext that way. So hope you guys enjoyed that. Take care and I will see you. Actually I lied. There's one last thing I wanted to show. I troubleshooted a bit with Cody or control zero on hack the box and we found out why I kept getting that camd too weak on one of these certificates and I wanted to show this because it's a bit odd. Um I install certify with UV and UV mucks with the environment and prevents us from putting a bypass and open SSL to allow the weak certificate. So let's go ahead and just quickly get to um where we can do this. I'm first going to create a uh kerros config", "start": 2067.52, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "because I think we're going to use kerros at some point. So I want to make sure I have this done. So we're going to do a net exec SMB dco1tomeatcher.htb and then generate kb I think it's five config and I'm going to call this uh tomeatcher.kb5.", "start": 2126.72, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "The name doesn't exactly matter. Um, let's see.", "start": 2150.4, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Is there a is it file not config? That looks like it's working. Um, because after we do this, I'm just going to cp this config over top of my Etsy carb 5. So, we've done that. Now, I want to make that um certify request. And I'm just going to copy and paste something. Uh, we did this earlier in the video. I just wanted to show I'm getting my um new pfx file.", "start": 2155.68, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Uh let's do a rm star.pfx star cache.", "start": 2183.28, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Uh okay, that's good. And now we're just going to run this. And this is the first method of the ESC16. And we got an access denied. Um maybe I have to restore the AD object. Let's try this again.", "start": 2189.599, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "requesting certificate. Come on.", "start": 2208.64, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "But I'll try running it with um certupy first and we're going to show that it fails. Right. So if we do a um certify o pfx I said pfx administrator uh dash username administrator and we can do this because in this certificate request we set the user principle name to administrator right and we also gave ourel the client authentication application policy. So, we're going to do a O pfx username administrator um domain homewatcher.htb. I don't think I actually need that cuz the domain's in the ticket, but we're going to try this anyways. And we'll do ldap shell. And this is what I kept getting the camd2 week. And if you go to like the issue on certupy, they have a config we wanted to push in. So, I'm going to add this real quick. I did add this to my um what is it? User lib SSL opensl.com. I have that", "start": 2215.04, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "here and it didn't take effect. So, I was a little bit confused. Um but you can also specify a config like this. So, I'm going to put that there because I'm going to do it as an environment variable so I don't have to muck with my whole system config, which is probably the better way to do it, right? So what this is going to say is the minimum protocol is going to be TLS version 1.2 and security level is going to be zero which is going to allow any type of hashing algorithm for that CA.", "start": 2283.04, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So theoretically all I should have to do is opens a cell_mp is equal to this file and then rerun the command. And I'm actually going to use my up arrow and do this. And I'm still going to get that CA MD2 week. Now my CertaPi is actually installed with UV. So if I do a witch certupy, if we do lsla here, there's probably a better way to identify it's being ran by LV or UV. But you can see that's where it's mapped.", "start": 2313.04, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And this I think is virtualizing the entire Python environment, including the Python version. And I think that's where this comes into play because maybe it can't like read the environment variable I'm passing in here. Can't read this file. I've did like a fully qualified path. Still didn't work. I don't know what's going on under the hood that breaks this. But we're now going to install certify with pip. And the reason why I installed it with UV is um Certifi says it requires version uh what is it 3.12 for Python and my parents on only on 311. But it turns out you don't need 312. You can just change it. So I'm going to get clone insertify. And now we can do a pipex install dot.", "start": 2346.48, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "And it's going to error here because it wants to see Python 312. My Python is 311. Now, I normally don't recommend doing this, but in this case, it seems to work. But I go in the pi project.tottoml file, and I'm just going to change the requirement to say, hey, work with Python 3.11, please. And now, when I do a pipex install, it's probably going to say it's already installed. Um, but let's see. Yeah, it says it's installed because I had all already installed it once. Um, so what we want to do is use the pipex version, not the UV version. Um, so I'm just going to specify the full path. So that's going to be my home, uh, local pipex virtual environments certify bin and then the certify bin here. So this is what we're going to use. I'm just going to hit my up arrow until we get to um the same exact command we ran. This is the certify with UV. I'm just going", "start": 2392.8, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "to delete this. Put the pip x here. And now we're going to rerun it. And magically it's going to connect because now it's taking our correct OpenSSL.config.", "start": 2455.839, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "Um at least I think it's going to connect. There we go. And now we're in LDAP shell. I think I've done this before. Um, if we do ipsack.rocks, do I have LDAP shell? Uh, maybe I haven't done it before. Um, but this is impacts LDAP shell. We can do various things. We could add like RBCD to a computer. Um, we can add a user to the um administrator group and that's what I'm going to do. Uh, let's see. Get user groups. Where is it? I think it's up top here. Let's see. Add computer. Add user to group. So, this is going to be the one we use. Um, let's go to a new pane. Going to go creds. We're going to do a ps exec.py Alfred basketball at 1010 11172 to show this doesn't work right because we're not an administrator. But now we're going to add user to group Alfred administrators. and Alfred has been added to that group.", "start": 2468.16, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So now we're going to run this and we're going to get a shell as administrator.", "start": 2533.76, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}
+{"text": "So that is doing the box this method of ESC16. Um and how to fix that camd2 week. So if you install it with UV like I do, um it's really a big pain to fix that. I would recommend using pip x install. And if I figure out how to fix this in UV, I'll probably make a special video showcasing it cuz I'm sure this is going to come up again. So, with that being said, that's going to be video. Take care all and I'll see you all next time.", "start": 2539.76, "duration": 0.0, "meta": {"video_id": "um8b-TN76bY", "title": "HackTheBox - Tombwatcher", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um8b-TN76bY"}}