{
    "pages": [
        {
            "page_number": 1,
            "content": ": : :\nTHE HYMNS OF THE RIGVEDA,\nBOOK THE\nFIRST.\nHYMN\nI. Agni.\nI laud Agni, the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice,\nThe Hotar, lavishest of wealth.\n2 Worthy is Agni to be praised by living as by ancient seers :\nHe shall bring hitherward the Gods.\n3 Through Agni man obtainetli wealth, yea, plenty waxing day\nby day,\nMostrich in heroes,' glorious.\n4 Agni, the perfect sacrifice which thou encompassest about\nVerily goeth to the Gods.\n5 MayAgni,sapient-mindedPriest,truthful,mostgloriouslygreat,\nThe God, come hither with the Gods.\n6 Whateverblessing, Agni, thou-wilt grant unto thy worshipper,\nThat, Angiras, is indeed thy truth.\nThefirsttwohymns of thisBookareascribedto the Ilishi orseer Madhu-\nchchhandasVaisvainitra,ason ordescendant ofthefamous Visv&mitra. The\ndeity to whom this hymn is addressed is Agni, the God of*fire, the most\nprominent, nextto Indra, of thedeities ofthe Rigveda. Agni is the mes-\nsenger andmediatorbetween earthand heaven,announcing tothe Godsthe\nhymns, and conveying to them the oblations, of their worshippers, inviting\nthemwiththe soundof hiscrackling flamesand bringingthem down to the\nplace ofsacrifice. As concentratinginhimselfthevarioussacrificialdutiesof\ndifferentclassesofhumanpriests,AgniiscalledthePnrokita orchosen priest,\ntheprmpositm or presses. Heisa,Ritvij, apriest orminister whosacrificesat\nthe proper seasons, and a Hotar, an invoking priest, aheraldwho calkthe\nGods toenjoytheoffering. Allrichesareathisdisposal, and heis the most\nbountifulrewarder, bothdirectlyand indirectly, ofthepiouswhose oblations\nhecarriestotheGods.\n2 Ancient seers said by S&yanato be Bhrigu, Angiras, and others. The\nexpressionindicatestheexistenceofearlierhymns.\n3 Most rich in heroes the heroes here spoken of, who accompany the\nacquisitionandincreaseofwealth, arebravesonsand dependents.\n4 Perfect uninterruptedby R&kshasasorfiends, who are unabletomara\nsacrificewhichAgni protects onallsides.\n6 Angiras here a nameof Agni. The Angirases appear to have been\nregarded asa: raceof higherbeings between Gods and men, thetypical first .\nsaerificers, whoseritual is the pattern which later priestsmust follow."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 2,
            "content": ": ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n2\n7 To thee, dispellerof the night, 0 Agni, day byday withprayer\nBringing thee reverence, we come\n8 Ruler of sacrifices, guard of Law eternal, radiant One,\nIncreasing in thine own abode.\n9 Be to us easy of approach, even as a fatherto his son :\nAgni, be with us for our weal.\nHYMN\nII. Vdyu.\nBeautiful Vayn, come, for thee these Soma drops have been\nprepared\nBrink of them, hearken to our call.\n2 Knowing the days, with Sonia juice poured forth, the singers\nglorify\nThee, Vayu, with theirhymns of praise.\n3 VAyu. thy penetrating stream goes forth unto the worshipper,\nJ-h’r^pivading i'or ilio Soma draught.\n8 Laweternal. Theword usedtodenotetheconceptionoftheorderofthe\nworld is rita. Everything in the universe which is conceived as showing\nregularity of actionmay besaid to have the rita forits principle. In its\nmost general applicationthe conception expressed by the word occupied to\nsomeextenttheplaceofnatural andmorallaw, fate, orthewillofasupreme\nGod. See Wallis, The CosmologyoftheRljvedu, p. 92.\n' In thineown abode: sve chime, sud domo, in thesacrificial hallor chamber\nin whichfire-worship is performed, and inwhichthefire (Agni) increases as\ntheoblationsofclarifiedbutterarepouredupon itby thepriest.\n1 Vdyu: Godof thewind.\nv Soma dtops: libationsof thejuice of the Soma, orMoon-plant, said to he\nthe Acid Asclepias or Sarcosterna Vimiualis. The plant was gathered by\nI moonlightoncertain mountains, stripped ofitsleaves,andthencarriedtothe\nj place ofsacrifice the stalks having been there crushed by the priests were\n} ;\nsprinkled withwaterandplaced onasieveorstrainer, whence, after further\ni\n} p wr ae sss mur ie x, edth we ita hci fd loj uu ric ete c,t ,ri mc ak dle ed ti ont fo era mev ne ts ,se al ndcal tl he ed nD or fo feu ra ed; ia nft le ir baw th ii oc nsh ti ot\n\\ < theGodsordrunkby theBrAhmans,byboth ofwhom its exhilaratingquali-\nties were supposed to be highly prized. This famous plant has remained\n\\ unidentified till recently (see Max Muller, Biographies of Words, Appendix\nj III.) 4Dr. Aitchison haslately statedthatSomamustbetheEphedrapachy-\nJ chide, which intheHarirudvalleyissaidtobearthenameofhum, huma and\n! yahma. Thissupposition is confirmedby Dr. JosephBornmuller, abota, nist\nj 1\n\\\nl Eo pn hg edr re as ,id pe rn ot bai bn lK ye Er pm ha en d, rawh do isti ad ce hn yti af ,ie bs utth we hS oo rm ea map rl ka snt thw ai tth difs fo em ree ntki vn ad neo -f\n\\ t wi ees mo uf sE tp gh ie vd era ur pa tr he eto hob pe ef oo fundfromSiberiato ort ih gie naI lbe hr oia mn epe on fi tn hs eula A, rys ao sth ba yt\n| i meansofthehabitatoftheSo. i : ! -terlyReview, No. 354, October\n| 1894, p, 455). •\n2.Knowing the days:knowing the proper days for sacrifices; orperhaps,\nknowingormarkingthetimeof daybreak, the exacttime forthecommence-\nmentofsacrificialrites.\n8 Hymns ofpraise: tiJcthas, laudsrecitedorspoken,inopposition to verses\nthatare chantedorsung."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 3,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 3.] * THE R7QYEDA, %\n4 These, Indra-Vayii, have been shed come for onr offered\n;\ndainties’ sake\nThe drops are yearning for you both.\n5 Well do ye mark libations, ye Viyu and Indra, rickin spoil\\\nBo come ye swiftly hitherward.\n6 Vayu and Indra, come towhat theSoma-presser hathprepared:\nBoon, Heroes, thus I make my prayer.\n7 Mltra, of holy strength, I call, and foe-destroying Vanina,\nWho make the oil-fed rite complete.\n5 Mitra and Varuna, through Law, lovers and eheriskers of Law,\nHave ye obtained your mighty power.\n$ Our Sages, Mitra-Varuna, of wide dominion, strong by birth.\nVouchsafe us strength that worketh ivell.\nHYMN\nTIL Asvins.\nYe Asvins, rich in treasure, Lords of splendour, having nimble\nhands,\nAccept the sacrificial food.\n4 IndraandVayu arehereconjointlyaddressed in adualcompound, Didra-\nvayO. Indra was the favourite national deity of the Aryan Indiansin the\nVedieAge, and morehymnsare dedicated tohishonour than to thepraiseof\nany otherdivinity. He istheGod whoreigns overtheintermediateregionor\natmosphere he fights againstand conquerswithhisthunderboltthedemons\nofdroughta; nddarkness,and is ingeneralthe typeofnoble'heroism.\n7 Accordingto Sayana, Mitra presides overthe day as Varunaover the\nnight hence the closest connexion subsists between these two deities who\naremo;refrequentlyinvoked togetherthan Varuna is invokedsingly together\nthey uphold and rulethe earth and sky, together they guard the w; orld, to-\ngether they promotereligious rites, avengesin,andare ilielordsof truthand\nlight.\nOil-fed} performed withghritAm (the modernghi),and clarified butter, or\nbutter which hasbeen boiledgently and then allowed to cool. The butter\nisthen used for culin&ry purposes and also offered insacrifice to the Gods.\nComplete by grantingtheworshipper’sprayer.\n:\n8 ThroughLaw i. e. in accordancewithritd, theeternallaworeverlasting\norder of theuniverse. See I. 1. 8.\nmen1 ta‘ tT oh rse .As Yv &i sn ks as te he um st ro efh ea rv se tobe te hn emap muz tz hl ee Ne iv re un ktt ao ,t Xh Ie Io .ld 1e :s—t ‘I Nn ed xi tan inC oro dm e-\nr4\na tr oe art rh ie ve.d .e .it Wi hes ow th ho es ne as rp eh te hr ee si es At sh ve inh sea fv ‘e Hn e;avo ef nt ahe ns de Et ah re th,A ’sv si an ys sar oe meth ;e *Dfi ars yt\na fon rd meNi rg sht o, f’ hos la yy ao ct th se /rs sa; y* tT hh ee leS gu en nda an rd\ny\nM wo rio tn e, r’ s,s ’ay Po rt oh fe er ss so; r‘ BT ow to htK hin ug ss s, {>p ee ar k-\ns\no Vf edt ah ,es we eG ao rd es b: y‘ nT ohe met aw no sA al gv ri en es d, at sho tu og th h, el ci oke nct eh pe tia on nci ofen tt hei in rte cr hp ar re at ce tr es r,of hot lh de\n,\n,\nnevertheless, a perfectly distinct position in the entire body ofthe Yeffie,\ndeities of light. They are the earliest bringers oflightin themorning skff"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 4,
            "content": ": ; : ;!\n€ the jiymjss,OF [BOOK l\n2 Come thou to our libations, drink of Soma, Soma-drinker thou\nThe l'ich One’s rapture giveth kine.\n3 So may we be acquainted with thine innermost benevolence\nNeglect us not, come hitherward.\n4 Go to the wise unconquered One, ask thou of Indra, skilled in\nsong, °\nHim who is better than thy friends.\n5 Whetherthemen whomock ussay, Depart unto another place,\nYe who serve Indra and none else\n6 Or whether, God of wondrous deeds, all our true people call us\nblest.\nStill may we dwell in Indra’s care.\n10 7 Unto the swift One bring the swift, man-cheering, grace of\nsacrifice.\nThat to the Friend gives wings and joy.\n8 Thou, Satakratu, drankest this and wast the Vritras’ slayer\nthou 4\nHolpest the warriorin the fray.\n9 We strengthen, Satakratu, thee,yea, theethe powerfulin fight.\nThat, Indra, we may win us wealth.\nTo him the mightystream ofwealth, prompt friendof himwho\npoursthejuice.\nYea, to this Indra sing yoursong.\n2 Indra isespecially thelardof Somaand itschief drinker. The exhilar-\nationproducedbydrinkingthefermentedjuiceofferedinlibations stimulates\nhis warlike energies and disposes him. to giveout of his boundless riches\nliberalrewardsintheshapeof cattle andother wealth to thosewho worship\nhim.\n6 Thegeneral meaningof this andthe twopreceding versesseems tohe:\nIndraisthebestfriendand protector,andsolong aswe enjoyhis friendship\nandprotectionwecarenothingfortherevilings of theungodly whomock at\nourfaithfulworship.\n7 TheswiftOne Indra. TheSomajuicewhichexhilarates men orheroes\nand accompanies or graces the sacrifice is alsocalled swiftboth becauseit\nflows quickly and because it makes Indra hasten to the solemnity. The\nFriend ,is Indrawhomthejuiceexhilarates andsendsquicklyto the sacrifice.\n8 Satakratu,anameofIndra, cisexplained by S&yana,hewhoisconnected\nwith ahundred(many) acts,religiousrites bahukarnmyukta eitheras their\nperformer ortheir object: orit maybe ren( dered fendowed), withgreat wis-\nd Tho em;’ Vrih trr aa st ,u ti hm epl ey ni en mg iese ,ith te hr ek oa pr prm ea s, soa rc st ,, oo rr :*•'»'* ... .,i r 1r-.’\n1\nW hi ol ss to in l.\ne\npowers inthe atmospherewho malevolentlyshut upthe watery treasures in\ntheclouds. Thesedemonsofdrought, calledbyavarietyofnames,asVvittra\nAhi,Sushna, Namuchi, Pipru, Sambara, Urana,etc.,etc.,armed on theirside,\nalso,with every variety of colest-ial artillery, attempt,but in vain, to resis,\ntheonsetof thegods.’ Muir, 0, & Texts, Y."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 5,
            "content": "0\n: : : ;;\nHYMN 6.] THE RIOVEDA. 7\nHYMN\nV.' Indra.\nO comeye hither, sityedown to Indrasing yeforthyoursong,\nCompanions, bringing\nhymns;\nof praise\n2 To him the richest of the rich, the Lord of treasures excellent,\nIndra, with Soma juice outpoured,\n3 May he stand by us in our need and in abundance for our\nwealth\n:\nMay he come nigh us with his strength\n4 Whose pair of tawny horses yoked in battles foemen challenge\nnot\nTo him, to Indra sing your song.\n5 Nigh to the Soma-drinker coxne, for his enjoyment, these pure\ndrops,\nThe Somas mingled with the curd.\n6 Thou, grown at once to perfect strength, wast born to drink\nthe Soma juice,\nStrong Indra, for preeminence.\n7 0 Indra, lover of the song, may these quick Somas enter thee\n;\nMay they bring bliss to thee the Sage.\n8 Our chants of praise have strengthened thee, 0 Satakratu, and\nour lauds\nSo strengthen thee the songs we sing.\n9 Indra, whose succournever fails, accept theseviands thousand-\nfold,\nWherein all manly powers abide. *\n1 0 Indra, thou wholovest song,let noman hurtour bodies,keep\nSlaughter far from us, for thou canst.\nHYMN\nVI. Indra.\nThey who stand round him as he moves harness the bright,\nthe middy Steed\nThe lights are shining in the sky.\nI Companions. Thecallisaddressedtothe ministeringpriests.\nrec3 og* nT izw eo ts he ep na er ca et se s• ic ta yse os fa hp ip sea ir ntet ro veb ne tiom ne ,a an nt d:pyo ug re> mdw hh ye dr me t wh he erG eod hem mu as yt\n}\ndeem itsuperfluous.’ Ludwig.\n4 Atthesightofwhosechariotand horsesallenemies flee.\n9 Wherein allmanlypowersabide. Theoblationsofworshippers, aswellas\ntheirhymnsofpraise,stimulateandstrengthentheGods fordeedsofheroism.\n1 Theywhostandround ; lohatrayavartinahprdnimth, *thelivingbeings of\nthe three worlds,’ is S&yana’s explanation. Probably the Maruts, Indra’s\nconstantcompanions are intended.\nwhT oh me b Ir ni dg rh at\n,\nisth fe rr eu qud ed ny tlS yte ce od\nn,\nn( eb ctr ea dd .hndm arush&m ),isprobablythe Bun, with"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 6,
            "content": ": ; :\nTHE HVMXE OF [BOOK 1.\n2 On both sides to the car they yoke the two bay coursers dear\n& to.him, #\nBold, tawny, bearers of the Chief.\n3 Thou, making light where no light' was, and form, 0 men !\nwhere form was not,\nWast born together with the Dawns.\nThereafter they, as is their wont, threw off the state of babes\nimbora,\nAssuming sacrificial names.\n5 Thou, Indra, with the Tempest-Gods, the breakers down o£»\nwhat is firm,\nFoundest the kine even in the cave. 4\n6 Worshipping even as they list, singers laud him who findoth\nwealth,\nThe far-renowned, the mighty One. 7\n7 Mayest thou verily be seen coming by fearless Indra’,s side ;\nBoth joyous, equal in your sheen.\n8 With Indra’s well-beloved hosts, the blameless, hastening to\nheaven,\nThe sacrifice!' cries aloud.\n2 On bothsides: vipakshasd harnessedon differentsides.\n8 Thou,i.e.theSun. 0men/ isperhapsmerely anexclamationexpressive\nof admiration. If marydh men, be taken to mean the Maruts, the words\nthou making wastborn,alt, houghinthesingularnumber,mayapply to these\nGods, regarde, dasonehostorcompanyandbornatonebirth.\n4 Threw offthe state of babes unborn according to Prof. M. Muller fas-\nsumed again the form of new-born babes.’ The idea that the Maruts\nassumedtheformof agarbha,lit. of anembryoor anew-born child,is only\nmeant to express thatthe stormsburst forthfrom thewomb ofthe skyas\nsoonasIndraarises.todobattle againstthedemonofdarkness. As assisting\nIndra inthis battle, the Maruts,whose name retained for a long time its\npurely appellative meaning of storms,attained their rank as deities by the\nside of Indra,or asthe poet expresses it,they assumed their sacred name.\nThisseemstobethewholemeaningof thelaterlegend thatthe Maruts, like\nthe Ilibhus were not originally gods, but became deified for their works.\nM.Muller. RigvedaSanhitd,i. p. 25.\n5 The Tempest-Gods: theMaruts, thefriendsandhelpersof Indra.\nThekine; are streamsof waterand the beamsof light which follow their\neffusion. Thecaveisthethickdarkcloudwhich holds theimprisoned waters\nandwhichIndracleavesasunderwithhisthunderboltorlightning.\n7 Thou thehostof Maruts. AccordingtoBenfey,theSun.\n8 Thesacrificercriesaloud . ThisistheinterpretationproposedbyProfessor\nMaxMuller,..butitisonlyconjecturalandnotaltogethersatisfactory, Benfey\ntranslates: Mightily shines the sacrifice,* and Ludwigt The warrior sings\ntriumphantly,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 7,
            "content": ":: :: ::\nHYMN 7.] TtiM MOVED A. g\n9 Come from this place, 0 Wanderer, or downward from the\nlight of heaven : ' _\nOur songs of praise all yearn for this.\n10 Indra we seek to give us help, from here, from heaven above\nthe earth,\nOr from the spacious firmament.\n9\nHYMN\nVII. Indra,\nIndra the singers with high praise, Indra reciters with their\nlauds,\nIndra the choirs have glorified.\n2 Indrahath everclose tohim histwo baysteeds andword-yoked\ncar,\nIndra the golden, thunder-armed.\n3 Indra hath raised the Sun on high in heaven, that he may see\nafar\nHe burst the mountain for the kine.\n4 Help us, 0 Indra, inthe frays, yea, frayswhere thousandspoils\nare gained,\nWith awful aids 0 awful One.\n,\n5 In mighty battle we invoke Indra, Indra in lesser fight,\nThe Friend who bends his bolt at fiends,\n6 Unclose, our manly Hero, thou for ever bounteous, yonder\ncloud,\nFor us, thou irresistible.\n7 Still higher, at each strain of mine, thunder-armed Indra’s\npraises rise\nI find no laud worthy of him,\n8 Even as the bull drives on the herds, he drives the people with\n~Tns mighC ~~\nTJie Ruler irresistible\n9 From thisplace fromearth.\nWanderer parijman here appliedtoIndra.\n( )\n10 Thespaciousfirmament theexpansebetween earth andheaven.\n1 Thechoirs: (vd'ni )referringperhapstobothsingersandchanters.\n2 Thegolden: i. e. richly decorated (sarvdhharanahhUshital}) according to\nS&yana.\n3 The moutain: is the : v JV 1 v* *! mass ofthick cloud,and thekine\narethewatersasin I.6,5. ” i / and pdrvatameanbothmountain\nand cloud, those beiftg constantly seeninclose juxtaposition.and beingoften\nindistinguishableonefromtheother,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 8,
            "content": ": ;\nTHE HYMXS OF [BOOK L\n10\n9 Indra who rules with single sway men, riches, and the fivefold\nrace\n*\nOf those who dwell upon the earth.\n10 For your sake from each side we call Indra away from other\nmen\n:\nOurs, and nope others’, may he be.\nHYMN\nVIII. Indra.\nIndra, bring wealth that gives delight, the victor's ever-con-\nquering wealth,\nMost excellent, to be our aid\n;\n2 By means of which we may repel our foes in battle hand to\nhand,\nBy thee assisted with the car.\n3 Aided by thee, the thunder-armed, Indra, may we lift up the\nbolt,\nAnd conquer all our foes in fight.\n4 With thee, 0 Indra, for ally with missile-darting heroes, may\nWe conquer our embattled foes.\n,\n5 M Wi ig dh et ay sis thI end hra e, avy ee na es xu tp er ne dm se hi; sgr pe oa wt en ressbehis, theThunderer ;\n6 Which aideth those to win them sons, who come as heroes to\nthe fight,\nOr singers loving holy thoughts.\n7 His belly, drinking deepest draughts of Soma, like an ocean\nswells,\nLike wide streams from the cope of heaven.\n8 So also is his excellence, great, vigorous, rich in cattle, like\nA ripe branch to the worshipper.\n9 For verily thy mighty powers, Indra, are saving helps at\nonce\nUnto a worshipper like me.\n9 Thefivefoldrace Benfey explainsthis as ‘the whole inhabited world/\nButtheexpression seemsto mean the Aryan settlements ortribes only, and\nnottheindigenousinhabitantsof thecountry. Thefivetribesorsettlements\nwereprobablythe confederationof the Turvasas, Yadus, Anus, Druhyus, and\nPftrus. Sfryana’s explanationis *those who are fit for habitations/ and the\nphraseissaidtoimplythefourcastesandNisliadas orindigenous barbarians.\nButtherewerenosuchdistinctionsof castewhenthehymnwascomposed.\nme2 anWi ft igh htt ih ne gc oa nr: hoa rrv se et bt ad c, kl .iter Ba ull ty, hw oi rt sh esa seh eor mse t, oi hs ae vx epl ba ei en ned usb ey\nd\nS if nty wa an ra at so\ndrawers of chariots only,and drvatdhere standsfor rathena, with a car or\nchariot.\n3 May vieliftup theholt. Thethunderboltherespokenofissacrificewhich,\nwhenemployed against enemies, isaspowerful a weaponas the boltof Indra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 9,
            "content": ": ; :\nTHE HYMNS OS [BOOK L\n10\n9 Indra who rules with single sway men, riches, and the fivefold\nrace\n*\nOf those who dwell upon the earth.\n10 For your sake from each side we call Indra away from other\nmen\nOurs, and nope others7 may he be.\n,\nHYMN\nVIII. Indra.\nIndra, bring wealth that gives delight, the victor's ever-con-\nqueringwealth,\nMost excellent, to be our aid\n;\n2 By means of which we may repel our foes in battle hand to\nhand,\nBy thee assisted with the car.\n3 Aided by thee, the thunder-armed, Indra, may we lift up the\nbolt,\nAnd conquer all our foes in fight.\n4 With thee, 0 Indra, for ally with missile-darting heroes, may\nWe conquer our embattled foes.\n5 MightyisIndra, yea supreme greatnessbehis, theThunderer\nWide as the heaven extendshi; s power\n6 Which aideth those to win them sons, who come as heroes to\nthe fight,\nOr singers lovingholy thoughts.\n1 His belly, drinking deepest draughts of Soma, like an ocean\nswells,\nLike wide streams from the cope ofheaven.\n8 So also is his excellence, great, vigorous, rich in cattle, like\nA ripe branch to the worshipper.\n9 For verily thy mighty powers, Indra, are saving helps at\nonce\nUnto a worshipper lite me.\n9 Thefivefohlrace: Benfey explainsthis as ‘the whole inhabited world/\nButtheexpression seemsto mean the Aryan settlements ortribes only, and\nnottheindigenousinhabitantsof.thecountry. Thefivetribesorsettlements\nwereprobablythe confederationof the Turvasas,Yadus,Anus, Druhyus, and\nPfirus. S&yana’s explanation is £those who are fit for habitations,’ andthe\nphraseissaidtoimplythefourcastesandNishadas orindigenous barbarians.\nButtherewerenosuchdistinctionsof castewhen thehymnwascomposed.\n2 With thecar: drvatd, literally,with a horse,is explained by Sftyana to\nmean fightingon horseback. But horsesseem tohave been used inwar as\ndrawers of chariots only,and dvvatdhere standsfor rathenu with a ear or\n,\nchariot.\n3 MayweliftuptheholL Thethunderboltherespokenofis sacrificewhich,\nwhenemployedagainstenemies,isaspowerfulaweaponas theboltof Indra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 10,
            "content": "HYMN\n9.]\nTHE RIGVEDA.\n11\n10 So are his lovely gifts let lauds and praises be to Indra sung,\nThat he may drink the; Soma juice.\nHYMN\nIX.\nInclra.\nComb, Indra, and delight thee with the juice at all the Soma\nfeasts,\n^\nFrotector, mighty in thy strength.\n2 To Indra pour ye forth thejuice, the active gladdeningjuice\nto him\nThe gladdening, omnific God.\n3 0 Lord of all men, fair of cheek, rejoice thee in the gladdening\nlauds,\nPresent at these drink-offerings.*\n4 Songs have outpoured themselves to thee, Indra, the strong,\nthe guardian Lord,\nAnd raised themselves unsatisfied.\n5 .Send to us bounty manifold, O Indra, worthy of ourwish,\nFor power supreme is only thine.\n106 O Indra, stimulate thereto us emulously fain for wealth,\nAnd glorious, 0 most splendid One.\n7 Give, Indra, wide and lofty fame, wealthy in cattle and in\nstrength,\nLasting our life-time, failing not.\n8 Grant ushigh fame, O Indra, grant richesbestowingthousands,\nthose *\nFair fruits of earth borne home in wains.\n9 Praising with songs the praise-worthy who cometh to our aid,\nwe call\nIndra, the Treasure-Lord of wealth.\nTo lofty Indra, dwellerby each libation, the pious man\nSings forth aloud a strengthening hymn.\n10 Letlandsandpraises be toIndrasung: moreexactly, ‘belauds,spoken\na Stn od ms au tn hg e, hto ymIn ndr oa\nf\ng pi rv ae in se;’ thn al tct ih sa sb ue ni gn .gproperlythelaudthat is recited,and\n4 And raised themselves unsatisfied: djoshdh,not contented,that is,with\nprayers ever new, Ludwig observes that the S&maveda has preserved the\ncorrectreadingsajdshdh, 4withoneaccord.’\n8 Thosefair fruits ofearthbroughthome in wains. cThe original of this\nhymn, as of many others,is so concise and ellipticalas to be unintelligible\nwithouttheliberalamplificationoftheScholiast. Wehaveinthetextsimply\na“ rt tih co ls ee soc far f- oh oa dvi wn hg icv hia an rd es, c” onvt ed yera dt ih nin ct ar rs,is ch aa rh ts. ,m oe ran wi an gg g, onS sa ,y fa rn oa ms ta hy es, sit th eos oe\nf\ntheirproduction asrice,barley,andotherkindsofgrain.’ Wilson,\n;\nThemeaningofmthinirisnotclear."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 11,
            "content": "=\n:\nn tub hymxs of [Book\nt.\nHYMN\nX. Indra.\nThe chanters hymn thee, they who say the word of praise\nmagnify thee.\nThe priests have raised theeup on high, 0 Satakratu, like a\npole.\n2 As up he c'lomb from ridge to ridge and looked upon the\ntoilsome task,\nIndra observes this wish of his, aiid the\nRam\nhastens with his\n\"\" -\ntroop.\n3 Harness thy pair of strong bay steeds, loiig-maried, whose\nbodies fill the girths,\nAnd, Indra, Soma-drinker, come to listen to our songs of\npraise.\n4 Gome hither, answer thou the song, sing in approval, cry\naloud. 1\nGood Indra, make our prayer succeed, and prosper this our\nsacrifice.\n5 To Indra must a laud be said, to strengthen him who freely\ngives,\nThatSakramaytake pleasure inourfriendshipanddrink-offer-\nings.\n6 Him, him we seek for friendship, him for riches and heroic\nmight.\nFor Indra, he isSakra, he shall aid uswhilehegivesuswealth.\n7 Easyto turn and drive away, Indra, is spoil bestowed by thee.\n1 fThe concluding phrase, twd ..ud vans'amiva ijemire, “theyhave raised\ntjiee, like abamboo,” is ratherobscure. T —he Scholiast says,they have ele-\nvated Indra, as tumblers raise a bamboo on the summit of which they\nb aa fl aa mn ic le y,th ie tms me al yve bs ej ra enf de ea rt en do ,t au sn ac mo bm itm io on usin peI rn sd oi na s; raor i, seas thv eiu rh fm amm ie la yns to,a cl os no -,\nsequence,' Wilson,\n*\npw eh ri% sc ohT nl *- w~ hL o^ insti i. t- utesor. p- erformsar' egula* rk . .* sa-* c* r” i* f. i- ce: and' ‘ . por f ao ym t shh ee tYi hag eh jt ea xmt p&o e' uh nae s,i eg sth ht oe,\nf\nit,who goes to the mountain to gather the Soma-plant, fuel, etc, Ludwig\nthinksthatIndraismeant,risinghigher andhigher, and yetnot delayingto\ncometothesacrifice,'\nTheRam\n,\n{vrishnih)isIndra,andliisflock ortrooparetheMaruts.\nHastens comesquicklytothesacrifice.\n5 Sakra, acommonnameof Indra,usedin thenextstanza as an epithet\n{thepowerful,-' from sale, tobeable.\n7 Easy toturn; Thebootyspoken of in the Rigveda consists chiefly of\ncattle, whichwithIndra’sassistanceare easily turnedanddriven away from\nthe enemy who possessesthem."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 12,
            "content": ":\nJIYMX 11] THE RIGVEDA. 13\nUnclose thejjtable of ,the.kine^and give us.wealth 0 Thunder-\n' ’ armed.\n8 The heaven andearth eontainthee not, together, in thy wrath-\nful mood.\nWin us the waters of the sky, and send us kine abundantly.\n9 Hear, thou whose ear is quick, my call take1to thee readily\nmy ;\nsongs.\n0 Indra, let this laud of mine come nearer even than thy\nfriend.\n10 We know thee mightiest of all, in battles hearer of our cry.\nOf thee most mighty we invoke the aid that giveth thousand-\nfold,\n11 0 Indra, Son of Kusika, drink our libation with delight.\nProlong our life anew, and cause the seer to win a thousand\ngifts,\n12 Lover of song, may these our songs on every side encompass\nthee\nStrengthening thee of lengthened life, may they bo dear de-\nlights to thee.\nHYMN XL\nIndra.\nAll sacred songs have magnified Indra expansive as the sea,\nThe best of warriors borne on cars, the Lord, the very Lord of\nstrength.\n2 Strong in thy friendship, Indra, Lord of power and might, we\nhave no fear.\nWe\nglorify with praises thee, the never-conquered conqueror.\n3 The gifts of Indra from of old, his saving succours, neverfail.\nWhen to the praise-singers he gives the boon of substance\nrich in kine.\nXJnclosethestableofthe bine: Open thethickcloud thatholds the water\nimprisoned,and fertilizeourfields withrain.\n9 Thyfriend\n;\nprobably themjraor thunderboltwhichisIndra’sinsepar-\nableassociateandally.\n11 Son ofKusika: ICusika was the fatherorthegrandfather ofVisv&initra\nwhowasthefatherof thepoet orseerof this hymn. Thisepithet Kausika,\nsonofKusika,is hereapplied to IpdraasbeingthechieforspecialGodof the\nseer'sfamily.\n12 Oflengthened life—immortal,\n1 Thishymn isascribed to Jetartheson of M adhuchehhandas theseerof\ntheprecedinghymn\n. i-i-\nExpansive asthesea: cf. I, 8, 7. Ortheexpression maybe, asWilson says,\n‘avaguemodeof indicatingthe universal diffusion of Indra as the firma-\nment,’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 13,
            "content": "IIYMN 9.] THE RIGVEDA. 11\n10 So are his lovely gifts; let lauds and praises be to Indrasung,\nThat he may drink the Soma juice,\nHYMN\nIX, Indra.\nCome, Indra, and delight thee with the juice at all the Soma\nfeasts,\n9\nProtector, mighty in thy strength.\n2 To Indra pour ye forth thejuice, the active gladdeningjuice\nto him\nThe gladdening, omnific God.\n3 0 Lord of all men, fair of cheek, rejoice thee in the gladdening\nlauds,\nPresent at these drink-offerings.-\n4 Songs have outpoured themselves to thee, Indra, the strong,\nthe guardian Lord,\nAnd raised themselves unsatisfied.\n5 Send to us bounty manifold, O Indra, worthy of our wish,\n.\nFor power supreme is only thine.\n1 60 0 Indra, stimulate thereto us emulously fain for wealth,\nAnd glorious, 0 most splendid One.\n7 Give, Indra, wide and lofty fame, wealthy in cattle and in\nstrength,\nLasting our life-time, failing not.\n8 Grant ushigh fame, O Indra, grant richesbestowingthousands,\nthose ^\nFair fruits of earth borne home in wains.\n9 Praising with songs the praise-worthy who cometh to our aid,\nwe call\nIndra, the Treasure-Lord of wealth. *\nTo lofty Indra, dweller by each libation, the pious man\nSings forth aloud a strengthening hymn.\n10 Let laudsandpraisesbe to Indra sung: moreexactly, ‘belauds,spoken\nand sung, toIndragiven * ulcthubeingproperly thelaudthat is recited, and\nStomathehymn of praise; thatissung.\n4 And raised themselves unsatisfied: djoshah,not contented,that is, with\nprayers ever new, Ludwig observes that the SHmaveda has preserved the\ncorrectreadingsajdshdh, ‘withoneaccord.’\n8 Thosefairfruitsof earthbrought home inwains. ‘The original of this\nh wiy tm hn o, utas tho ef lim ba ern ay lao mt ph le ir fs i, cai ts ios no oc fon tc hi ese Scha on ld iase tl .lipt Wic eal ha as veto inb te heun ti en xte tl sli ig mi pb ll ye\n«those car-having viands,” td ruthintr ishah. meaning, S&yana says, those\narticlesof foodwhichareconveyedincars,carts,orwaggons,from thesite of\ntheirproduction asrice,barley,andotherkindsofgrain.’ Wilson.\n;\nThemeaningofruthintrisnotclear,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 14,
            "content": ": : ; :\n14 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n4 Crusher of forts, theyoung, the wise, of strength unmeasured,\nwtisTIeTiorn\nSustaiuer of each sacred rite, Indra, the Thunderer, much-\nextolled.\n5 Lord of the thunder, thou didst burst*the cave of Vala rich\nin'cows.\nThe Gods came pressing to thy side, and freefrom terroraided\nthee.\n6 I, Hero, through thy bounties am come to the hood addressing\nthee.\nSong-lover, here the singers stand and testify to thee thereof.\n7 The wily Susima, Indra 1 thou c/erthrewest with thy wondrous\npowers.\nThe wise beheld this deed of thine : now go beyond their\neulogies.\n8 Our songs of praise have glorified Indra who ruletli by his\nmight,\nWhose precious gifts in thousands come, yea, even more\nabundantly,\nHYMN\nXIT. agni.\nWn chooseAgnithemessenger, theherald,masterof all wealth,\nWell skilled in this our sacrifice.\n2 With callings ever they invoke Agni, Agni, Lord of the House,\nOblation-bearer, much beloved.\n3 Bringthe Godshither, Agni, born for himwhostrews thesacred\ngrass\nThou art our herald, meet for praise.\n4 Ormherof forts; destroyerorbreaker-down oftheclouds that withhold\ntherain, whichare regarded as thefortsor strongholds of Vritra and the\nother hostilepowersoftheair.\n5 Thecareof Vala; Valais thebrotherof Vritra, orVritrahimself under\nanothername, whostolethecowsoftheGodsand hidtheminacave, that is,\nkeptthelightandwaters imprisonedindarkclouds.\n6 Tothefood ; i. e. to Indra, theriveror seaofbounty.\n7 The will/ Sashna ; Sushna is described as a demon slain by Indra.\nThewordmeansdrierup : bhkudndmsoskanahetu, cause of the drying up of\nbeings,theexcessiveheatand droughtbefore the Kains, which Indraputsan\nend to.\nNowgo beyondtheir eulogies i. e. do deeds worthyof still higher praise.\nOritmay mean,maketheireulogiesendure.\n1 TheHymns from XII to XXIII inclusiveare ascribed to Medh&tithi,\nsonofKanva.\nThemessenger themediatorbetween men and Gods. Theherald:devdndm\ndhvdtdrum , theinviteroftheGods, is S&yana’sexplanation,\n3 Born newly produced by attrition for theman whohas prepared and\nspread thesacrificialgrassasaseatfortheexpecteddeities,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 15,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN THE R1GVEDA.\n13.] 15\n4 Wake up the willing Gods, since thou, Agni, performest\nembassage\nSit on the sacred grass with Gods.\n5 0 Agni, radiant One, to whom the holy oil is poured, burn up\nOur enemies whom ^fiendsprotect.\n6 By Agni Agni isinflamed, Lord oftheHouse, Wise, young, who\nbears\nThe gift the ladle is his mouth.\n;\n7 Praise Agni in the sacrifice, the Sagewhoseways are evertrue,\nThe God who driveth grief away.\n8 God, Agni, be his strong defence who, lord of sacrificial gifts,\nWorshippeth thee the messenger.\n9 Whoso with sacred gift would fain call Agni to the feast of\nGods,\n0 Purifier, favour him.\n10 Such, Agni, Purifier, bright, bring hither to our sacrifice,\nTo our oblation bring the Gods.\n11 So lauded by our newest song of praise bring opulence to us,\nAnd food, with heroes for our sons.\n12 0 Agni, by effulgent flame, by all invokings of the Gods,\nShow pleasure in this laud of ours.\nHYMN\nXIII. Agni.\nAgni, well-kindled, bring the Gods forhimwhooffers holygifts.\nWorship them, Purifier, Priest.\n2 Son of Thyself, present, 0 Sage, our sacrifice to the Gods to-\nday,\nSweet to the taste, that they may feast.\n6 ByAgni Agni is inflamed: Thefireinto whichtheoblation is pouredis\nlightedbytheapplicationofotherfire.\nYoung as newlyhorn each timethe fireisproduced. The ladle: usedfor\npouringthesacrificial butter intothe fire.\n8 Lordofsacrificialgifts: thewealthypatron orinstitutorofthesacrifice.\n9 0 Purifier:pdvaka,purifying, isinlaterSanskritacommonwordfor fire.\nThisis oneoftheApr!orpropitiatory hymns, consistingofinvocationstoa\n|seriesofdeifiedobjects,andsaidto be introductory to the animal sacrifice,\nAll thedeifiedobjectsaddressedin this hymnaresaidby S&yanato beforms\njofAgni.\n\\\n1 Forhim who offers holygifts:fortheinstitutorofthesacrifice.\n2 Son ofThyself . Tanunapat, son ordescendantofoneself, is afrequently\nrecurringnameofAgni,so calledbecausefireis sometimes self-generated, as\nin thelightning, orproduced by attrition, and not necessarily derived from\n'other fire. Otherfancifulderivationsaregiven."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 16,
            "content": "; :; ; : :\n16 THE IITMHS OF [BOOH T.\n3 Dear Narasausa, sweet of tongue, the giver of oblations, I\nInvoke to this our sacrifice.\n4 Agni, on thy most easy car, glorified, hither bring the Gods\n;\nManu appointed thee as Priest.\n5 Strew, 0 ye wise, the sacred grass that drips with oil, in order\ndue,\nWhere the Immortal is beheld.\n6 Thrownopenbe the DoorsDivine, unfailing, that assisttherite,\nFor sacrifice this day and now.\n7 I call thelovely Nightand Dawntoseatthemontheholygrass\nAt this our solemn sacrifice.\n8 The two Invokers I invite, the wisp, divine, and sweet of\ntongue,\nTo celebrate this our sacrifice.\n\\/p I]a, Sarasvati, Main, t1 \" G ;l who bring delight,\n( Be seated, peaceful, of \" .\n10 Tvaslitar I call, the earliest born, the wearer of all forms at\nwill\nMay he be ours and ours alone.\n11 God, Sovran of the Wood, present this our oblation to the\nGods,\nAnd let the giver be renowned.\n3 Nard§ahsa *PraiseofMen* isoneofAgni’smystical names.\nthe4 hM ua mam nt; rai cs e,th re egm aa rn dep da ar se tx hc eel fl ie rn sc te , ino sr tit th ue tor rep or fe ss ae cn rt ia ft ici ev se am na dn rea ln id gif oa usth ce er reo -f\nmonies.\n5 TheImmortal according toS&yanaeither the clarified butter or* Agni\nthe God.\n6 TheDoorsDivine thedoors of the chamberin which the oblation is\noffered.\nUnfailing thesignificationof asauhdtahin the text isuncertain. S&yana\nexplainsthewordvariouslyinvariousplaces.\n8 The twoInvoJeers, Itseems uncertain whothese twoinvokers orpriests\n(holdrd) are, whetherAgniandAa ditya, orAgniand Vavuna, or Varuna and\nAditya. SeeM,Muller’s A . S. Diterature. p. 464.\n9 lid the Goddessofsacredspeechandaction.\nSarasvati: seeI. 3. 10.\nMailt: 'the great’ (Goddess), said' to be identical with BMratS, alsoa\nGoddessof speech.\n10 Tvaslitar, is the Hephaistos, orVulcan,oftheIndianpantheon, theideal\nartist,thedivineartisan,themostskilfulof workmen, versed inallwonderful\nandadmirablecontrivances.\ntt tr fe i1 e e1 d.; AG ho e Od r r, e tS s hao eiv dr Sa at cn o rio b ff e ict iah an le A PW g oo n so tid , m—: aa yv san i bfa es tp h ia e nti tf, eu nel dlo er dad ,ndof wt hht ih e ce hbw uo ir sno i ed n ng u; mou efs ru ia atl tl w ey e d, rea amil d oa er nng g-e\ntlie Apr!deities ordeifiedobjects."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 17,
            "content": ": : ;\nHYMN 14.3 THE MIGVEDA. 17\n12 With. Svaha pay the sacrifice to Indra in the offerer’s house :\nThither I call the Deities.\nHYMN\nXIV.\nVisvedevas.\nTo drink the Soma, Agni, come, come to our service and our\nsongs\nr\nWith all these Gods and worship them.\n2 The K anyas have i; nvoked thee; they, 0 Singer, sing thee\nsongs of praise\nAgni, come hither with the Gods\n3 Indra, Yayu, Brihaspati, Mitra, Agni, Pushan, Bhaga,\nAdityas, and the Marut host.\npou1 r2 inS gvdl ti hd\ne\ni os blt al tie ionsac or ned thw eo fr id re.or Ae cx cc ol ra dm ia nt gio tn\no\n( S&H ya ail na! ,B Sl ve fs tsi Mng al! s) ou ms ae yd bi en\nidentifiedwithAgni.\n2 ThtKanvas sons ordescendantsofKanva,menofthesamefamilyasthe\nseerofthehymn.\n3 Indra Vdyu,etc. Thenamesofthese Gods arein the accusative case,\ngovernedb,y ‘they (theKanvas)haveinvoked,’ or ‘worshipthem,’understood.\nwhB ori mha ts hp eati ac, t‘ ia ol nte or fna tt hin eg ww oi rt sh hiB pr pea rhm ua pna os npa tt hi\ne\ni Gs odt she isna pem re sonio ff iea d.dei Ht ey i in\ns\nthesuppliant,thepriestwho intercedes withtheGodsfor men,and protects\nthem againstthe wicked. Hence heappears asthe prototypeofthe priests\nand thepriestly order, and isalso designatedas thePurohita of the divine\ncommunity. The essential difference between the original idea represented\ninthis God andthoseexpressedin mostoftheother and olderdeitiesof the\nYeda consists in the fact that the latter are personifications of various de-\npartmentsofnature, orof physicalforces, whilethe formeris theproduct of\nmoralideas,and an impersonation of the power of devotion,’ Muir, O. S,\nTexts Y. 272.\n,\njPfishanisaGodwho protectsand multiplies cattle andhumanpossessions\ngenerally. Incharacterheisasolardeity,beholdstheentireuniverse,andis\naguideonroadsandjourneys.\nBhaga,thegracious Lord and protector, is regarded as the bestower of\nwealth,\nbeaA rdi it nya cs. om‘ mT oh ner te he(in nath me eh ofigh Ae ds it tyh ae sa .ven W) edw me ul sl t,an hd ower vei eg rn ,it fho ws ee wG oo ud ls dw dh iso\n-\ncovertheirearliest character, abandon the conceptionswhich ina later age,\nand evenin thatoftheheroicpoems, wereentertainedregardingthesedeities.\nAccording to this conception they were twelve Sun-gods, bearing evident\nreference to thetwelve months. But for the most ancient period we must\nholdfastthe primarysignification of their name. They are the inviolable,\nimperishable, eternal beings. Aditi, eternity or the eternal, is the element\nwhichsustainsthemandissustained by them...The eternal and inviolable\nelementinwhichthe Adityas dwell, andwhich forms their essence, is the\ncelestiallight...TheAdityas,theGodsof thislight, do nottherefore byany\nmeans coincidewithany oftheformsinwhichlightis manifestedintheuni-\nverse. They areneithersun,normoon, norstars, nor dawn, buttheeternal\nsusiainersof thisluminous life,which exists, as it were, behind all these\nphenomena.’ Roth, quoted byMuir, 0 . S, Texts, Y,p.56*."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 18,
            "content": ": :\n18 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n4 For you these juices are poured forth that gladden and exhi-\nlarate,\nThe meath-drops resting in the cup,\n5 The sons of Kanvafain for help adore thee, having strewn the\ngrass,\nWith offering's and all things prepared.\n6 Let the swift steeds who carry thee, thought-yoked and drop-\npingholy oil,\nBring the Gods to the Soma draught.\n7 Adored, the strengthenedofLaw, unite them,Agni, with their*\nDames\n:\nMake them drink meath, 0 bright of tongue.\n8 Let them, 0Agni, who deserve worship and praise drink with\nthy tongue\nThe meath in solemn sacrifice.\n9 Away, from the Sun’s realm of light, the wise invoking Priest\nshall bring\nAll Gods awaking withthe dawn.\n10 With all the Gods, with Indra, with Vayu, and Mitra’s splen-\ndours, drink,\nAgni, the pleasant Soma juice.\n11 OrdainedbyManuas ourPriest, thousittest, Agni, at eachrite:\nHallow thou this our sacrifice.\n12 Harness the Bed Mares to thy-car, the Bays, 0 God, the flam-\ning ones\n:\nWiththose bring hitherward the Gods.\nHYMN XY.\nEltu.\n0IndradrinktheSomajuicewithBitu letthecheeringdrops\n;\nSink deep within, which settle there.\nThe Marut host the Maruts arethe Godsofthewindsandstorms,the\ncompanionsandfriendsof Indra. TheyaresaidintheVedato bethesons of\nRudraand Prism,thelatterbeingexplainedbyS&yanaas ‘the many-colour-\nedearth/hut regardedbyProfessorRothasapersonificationof thespeckled\nclouds.\n7 Unite them,withtheirDames ; pcitnivatas Tcridhi; makethem(come)with\ntheirconsorts.\n9 ThewiseinvoicingPriest Agni,whocallstheGods,\n10 AlltheGods: orVisvedevas ;seeI. 8. 7.\n11 Manu : see1.13. 4.\n1 Mtu .* meaninggenerallyaseason,asixthpartoftheIndian year,is here\npersonifiedandaddressedasadeity."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 19,
            "content": ",\nHYMN 15.] THE RIGVEDA. 19\n2 Drink from the Purifier's cup, Maruts, with Eitu sanctify\nThe rite, for ye give precious gifts. ;\n3 0Neshtar, withthyDameacceptoursacrifice withEitudrink,\nFor thou art he who giveth wealth. ;\n4 Bring the Gods, Agni ; in the three appointed places set them\ndown\n:\nSurround them, and with Eitu drink.\n5 Drink Soma after the Eitus, from the Brahmana’s bounty un-\n:\ndissolved,\nO Indra, is thy friendship's bond. —\n6 Mitra, Var —una, ye whose ways are firm a Power that none\ndeceives\nWith Eitu ye have reached the rite.\n170 The Soma-pressers, fain for wealth, praise the Wealth-giver in\nthe rite,\nIn sacrifices praise the God.\n8 May the Wealth-giver grant to us riches that shall be far\nrenowned\n:\nThese things we gain among the Gods.\n9 He with the Eitus fain would drink, Wealth-giver, from the\nNeshtar's bowl.\nHaste, give your offering, and depart.\nAs we this fourth time, Wealth-giver, honour thee with the\nEitus, be\nA\nGiver bountiful to us.\n2 ThePurifier's cup : the sacrificial vesselof the Potar, or Purifier,who\npoursintothefirethelibationfortheMaruts.\n3 0Neshtar: theNeshtarisone ofthechief officiating priests, who leads\nforwardthe*wifeoftheinstitutor of the sacrifice. In this place Neshtaris\nsaidtobeanothernameforthe God Tvashtar fromhis having on someoc-\ncasionassumedthefunctionofaNeshtarpriest.\n4 Thethreeappointedplaces; bythethreesacrificialfires.\n5 TheBrdhnana'sbounty. TheBr&hmauahereissaidto be the Br&hma-\nn of& fc ih cc eh mh aan ys! h, avo ene beo ef nth te ohs oix lt dee sn op mr eie ls at ds leem op rlo vy ae sedi in ns wa hc iri cf hice ts he; a on ffd erp ie nr gh ia sps prh ei -s\nsented.\n7 TheSoma-pressers : grcthvahastdsah, men having stones in their hands\nwithwhichtobruisethe Somaplant. The WealthgiverisAgni.\ntto heI bn e mot t dh h ie e fr ipi et r de i,m cI ean rr eys ma ooc nr ri if e ei s sc s ,e es n st: uia c1 l hi cn ae st rh e te m ho ea nd yh U,v ka s tr u ha c yh aan as wd hti ihn ce ht Ah g ie sniy esa lhj sn t ea o ws m h,a et rh ; ee t thf eei rr ss met ec dos na adi n,d\nofferingwithSomajuice.’ Wilson.\n10 Aswethis fourth time; Agni, as Dravinod&s or Wealth-giver,has now\nbeencelebratedinfourstanzasinsteadof theusualtrichaor triad; orwe may\ntranslatewith Ludwig, ‘As weinfourthplace/ Agni beingfourth inthe in-\nvocation (Indra, Maruts, Tvashtar, Agni)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 20,
            "content": "—\n:: : : :\n20 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK /.\n11 Drink ye the meath, 0 Asvins bright with flames, whose acts\nare pure, who with\nBitus accept the sacrifice.\n12 With Bitu, through the house-fire, thou, kind Giver, guidest\nsacrifice :\nWorship theGods for the pious man.\nHYMN XYI. Indra.\nLet thy Bay Steeds bring thee, the Strong,hither to drink the\nSoma draught\nThose, Indra, who are bright as suns.\n2 Here are the grains bedewed with oil: hither let the Bay\nCoursersbring\nIndra upon his easiest car.\n3 Indra at early morn we call, Indra in course of sacrifice,\nIndra to drink the Soma juice.\n4 Come hither, with thy long-maned Steeds, 0 Indra, to the\ndraught we pour\nWe calltheewhen the juice is shed.\n5 Come thou to this our song ofpraise, to the libation poured\nforthee\nDrink ofit like a stag athirst.\n6 Here are the drops of Soma juice expressed on sacred grass :\nthereof\nDrink, Indra, to increase thy might.\n7 Welcome to thee be this our hymn, reaching thyheart, most\nexcellent\nThen drink the Soma juice expressed.\n8 To every draught of pressed-out juice Indra, the Vritra-slayer,\ncomes,\nTo drink the Soma for delight.\n9 Fulfil, 0 Satakratu, all ourwish with horses and with kine :\nWith holy thoughts we sing thy praise.\n12 Through the house-fire. The gftrhapatya is the sacred fire perpetually\nmaintainedby thehouseholder \\ the firefrom whichfires for sacrificial pur-\nposesarelighted.\n1 Brightassuns; sttrctchahsasah. S&yana understandsthistorefertothe\np (r mi aes kt es, tha en ed mW ai nl ifs eo sn t)r .endersaccordingly : may(thepriests),radiantasthesun ,\n2 Easiestcarj suhhdtamerathe thatis, mosteasilymoving, swiftest.\n3 Indraatearlymornwe call. Althoughnotmoreparticularlynamed,the\nspecificationimpliesthemorning, mid-day, andmo’i.ingv.-;:.--liip.\n5 Miceastagathirst likeagaum(Bos Gaums) akindof buffalo.\n• fDrinklike a thirsty buffalo/ wouldperhaps be a more strictly accurate\nrendering."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 21,
            "content": ": ;\nMYMN 18.] THE RIOVEDA. 21\nHYMN XYIL\nIndra-Yarupa.\nI crave help from the Imperial Lords, from Indra-Yaruna\nmay they\nBoth favour one of us like me.\n2 Guardians of men, ye ever come with ready succour atthe call\nOf every singer such as I.\n3 Sateyou,accordingtoyourwish, 0 Indra-Yaruna, withwealth\n:\nFain would we have you nearest us.\n4 May we be sharers of the powers, sharers of the benevolence\nOfyou who give strength bounteously.\n5 Indra and Yaruna, among givers of thousands, meet for praise.\nAre Powers who merit highest laud.\n6 Through their protection may we gain great store of wealth,\nand heap it up :\nEnough, and still to spare, be ours.\n7 0 Indra-Yaruna, onyou forwealth in many a form I call\nStill keep ye us victorious.\n8 0 Indra-Yaruna, through our songs that seek to win youto\nourselves,\nGive us at once your sheltering help.\n9 0 Indra-Yaruna, to you may fairpraise which I offer come,\nJoint eulogy which ye dignify,\nHYMN\nXVIII. Brahman&spati,\n0 BRAHifAifaspati, make him who presses Soma glorious,\nEven Kakshivan Ausija.\n1 Indra the Hero and Yarunathe King are addressed conjointly as\nadualdeity,Indr&varuna, Themostprominentoftheotherdual deitiesare\nAgni-Soma, Indra-Vftyu, Indra-Agni, Indra-Brihaspati, Indra-Soma, Mitra-\nVaruna, Indra-Pdshan, Indra-Vishpu, Dyaus-Prithivland Soma-Budra.\nBrahmanaspati . SeeI. 14, 3. ProfessorWilsonsays: *The Scholiast fur-\nnishesuswith noaccount of the stationor functions of this divinity. The\netymology will hr-tify Dr. TVth’s rlofnition of him as the deityof sacred\nprayer,orrather. pevin-’H, oi' do loxi oftheVeda ; butwhether he is tobe\nconsideredn* a(iLiii.ei per-'or.VK'v.ioii, orasamodified formof oneof those\nalreadyrecognized, and*especiallyof Agni,is doubtful. Hisgiving wealth,\nhealingdisease,andpromotingnourishment, are properties not poculiar to\nh tii nm ct;fa rn od ml ti his eb me ,i ln eg ava es sso hc iia mte Ad gw ni it rh *I ,ndraandSoma, Hw ih sil be eii nt gm ,ak ie ns anh ei sm pecd ii as-\nl\nam H ca y cn omn re n dr i, X nL gc .o ton An sge onc mit ee id s s, tiw ani tet mh a en np ter ssa p ,y ee c tir ha el Ri.g.rodn.\n1?\n«* '.ip. p<W:i o dn f ta oths peu rb os B ce r eq eau dhen m ft ra onp m;as hs a ia ng mde ,.\n;\nanotion,however,whichaccordingtoMcdh-Piilii, idi.es commentatoronMAnu,\nwassuggestedbyitsopeningwiththehymntoAgni,Agnivitie'\nKal'shtvdn,calledAusija, orsonofTJsij, was a renowned ljishi orseer,of\nthefamilyofPajra, and theauthorofseveralofthehymnsoftheRigveda,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 22,
            "content": ":; : ;\n22 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I »\n2 The rich, the healer of disease, who giveth wealth, inereaseth\nstore,\n—\nThe prompt, may he be with us still.\n3 Let not the foeman’s curse, let not a mortal's onslaught fall on\nus\nPreserve us, Brahmanaspati.\n4 Ne'eris the mortal hero harmed whom Indra, Brahmanaspati,\nAnd Soma graciously inspire.\n5 Do, thou, 0 Brahmanaspati, and Indra, Soma, Dakshina,\nPreserve that mortal from distress.\n6 To the Assembly's wondrous Lord, to Indra’s lovelyFriendwho\ngives\nWisdom, have I drawn near in prayer.\n7 He without whom no sacrifice, e'en of the wise man, prospers ;\nhe\nStirs up the series of thoughts.\n8 He makes the oblation prosper, he promotes the course of\nsacrifice :\nOurvoice ofpraise goes to the Gods.\n9 Ihave seen Nar&sansa, him most resolute, most widely famed,\nAs 'twere the Household Priestof heaven.\n2 Therich\n,\nthehealerof disease: Brahmanaspati.\n4 Soma the Godwho representsand animates the juice of the Soma\nplant. Hewas in former times the Indian Dionysus or Bacchus. ‘The\nsimpleminded Aryanpeople/ saysProfessorWhitney, {whose wholereligion\nwasaworship of the wonderful powers and phenomena of nature,hadno\nsooner perceived that this liquid [Soma juice] had powerto elevate the\nspirits, and produce atemporary frenzy, under the influenceof which the\nindividualwaspromptedto, andcapableof,deedsbeyondhis naturalpowers,\nt eh na dn owt ih ne gy tf ho ou sn ed ii nn toit ws hom oe mth ii tng end ti ev ri en de w: ii tt hw ga os dlt io keth pe oif wea rp spre th he ens pi lo an n— ta whG ip cd,\nh\na if ef co ar mde ed ait hob le yca sam ce rift io ce.the Tm heth he igk hi an ng to if quip tl yan ot fs t; hit she culp tr uo sce Is s; s\n:\n: :\"Z :i1-\nreferencestoitfoundoccurringinthePersian Avesta/ SeeMuir,0.S.Texts\n}\nV. 258.\n5 Dahshtnd: properlythepresentmadetothe priestsat theconclusionof\nasacrifice,herepersonifiedasaGoddess.\n6 TheAssembly'stvondrous Lord Sadasaspati,the master or protectorof\ntheassemblyofpriests,ishereatitleofAgni.\n9 HouseholdPriest: sadmmiakhasam according to Sfiyana, *radiantas\nheaven/ accordingtoLudwig, ‘asonewhofoughttowinheaven’sseat/\nNardaamahasalready occurredasanameofAgni (I, 13. 3.) The meaning\nappearsto be: throughmyinvocationand praise I have reached theGods,\nandwith theeyeofthespirithavelookedonAgni inheaven."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 23,
            "content": ":: : :\nHYMN 19.] THE RIGVEHA, 23\nHYMN\nXIX. Agni. Maruts.\nTo this fair sacrifice to drink the milky draught thou art in-\nvoked\n:\n0 Agni, with the Marats come.\n2 No mortal man, no God exceeds thy mental power, 0 Mighty\nOne\n0 Agni, with the Maruts come\n:\n3 All Godsdevoid of guile, who know the mighty region of mid-\nair\n:\nO Agni, with those Maruts come.\n4 The terrible, who sing their song, not to be overcome by\nmight\n0 Agni, with those Maruts come.\n5 Brilliant, and awful in their form, mighty, devourers of their\nfoes\n0 Agni, with those Marutscome.\n6 Who sit asDeities in heaven, above the sky-vault’s luminous\nsphere\n:\nO Agni, with those Maruts come.\n7 Who scatterclouds about the sky, away over the billowy sea :\n0 Agni, with those Maruts come.\n8 Who with their bright beams spread them forth over the\nocean in theirmight\nO Agni, with those Maruts come.\n9 For thee, to be thine early draught, I pour the Soma-mingled\nmeath\n:\n0 Agni, withthe Maruts come.\nHYMN XX. Bibhus.\nFob the\"*Celestial Face this song of praise which gives wealth\nlavishly\nWas made by singers with their lips.\n2 They who for Indra, with their mind, formed horses harnessed\nby aword,\nAttained by works to sacrifice.\n1 FortheCelestialRace; devclya j&nmane,thedivine class or race of the\nBibhuSj thethreesonsofSudhanvanwhoissaidtohavebeena descendantof\nAngiras. Theywerenamed severally Ribhu,Yibhvan,andV&ja^ and styled\n.CollectivelyXtibhusfromthenameof the eldest, 1Through their assiduous\nperformanceof good worksthey obtained divini^ty andbecame entitled to\nreceivepraiseandadoration. Theyaresupposedto dwellin thesolarsphere,\nandthereisanindistinctidentificationofthemwiththeraysofthesun-: but,\nwhethertypicalornot, theyprove theadmission, atanearly dateof thedoc-\ntrinethatmenmightbecomedivinities,’ Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 24,
            "content": "—\n: : :\n24 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\n3 They for the two Nasatyas wrought a light ear moving every\nway\n:\nThey formed a nectar-yielding cow.\n4 The Ribhus with effectual prayers, honest, with constant\nlabour, made\nTheir Sire anctMother young again.\n5 Together came your gladdening drops with Indra by the\nMaruts girt,\nWiththe Adityas, with the Rings.\n6 The sacrificial ladle, wrought newly by the God Tvashtar’s\nhand\nFourladles have ye made thereof.\n7 Vouchsafe us wealth, to him who pours thrice seven libations,\nyea, to each\nGive wealth, pleased with our eulogies.\n8 As ministering Priests they held, by pious acts they won\nthemselves,\nA share in sacrifice with Gods.\nHYMN XXL\nIndra-Agni.\nIndra and Agni I invoke fain are we for their song of praise\n;\nChief Soma-drinkers are they both.\n3 The two N&satyas the Asvins. See I. 3. 3. The Ribhus may have\nbeenthefirsttoattemptthebodilyrepresentationofthe horsesofIndraand\nthechariotoftheAsvins.\n4 Sire and Mother: Heaven and Earth, which they, as deities of the\nseasons,refreshandrestoretoyouth.\n5 1According to Asval&yana,as quoted by S&yana, the libations offered\natthethirddaily(orevening)sacrificearepresented*toIndra along withthe\nAdityas,togetherwith Ribhu,Vibhvan, and V&ja, with Brihaspati andthe\nVisvadevas.’ Wilson.\n6 'Tvashtar,in the Paur&nik -*•; tie carpenter or artisan of\ntheGods: soS&yanasaysofhim,3: 1 ' \\ 1 seduty,withrelationto\ntheGods,iscarpentry Setyanaal 1 • 1: h' ' •. thedisciplesof Tvash-\ntar...Theactascribedtotheminthetext,ofmakingoneladle four,has,pro-\nbably,ratherreferencetosome innovation in theobjectsof libationthanto\nthei :W.’!**V :.J* ;rs ofthewoodenspoonsusedtopourouttheSomajuice.\nThe.' \\ thatAgni,comingtoa sacrifice which theRibhusce-\nlebrated,becabmeasoneofthem,and,therefore,theymade\ntheladlefourfold,\nthateachmighthavehisshare.’ Wilson.\n7 Orthe *thriceseven’ mayrefertordtndni grantthricesevenrichtrea-\n}\nsures.\n1 IndraandAgni addressedconjointlyasadual deity, Indr&gni,thatis,\nIndra*Agni, See,1, 17, 1,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 25,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 22.] tee mareda. 25\n2 Praise ye, 0 men, and glorify Indra-Agni in the holy rites i\nSing praise to them in sacred songs.\n3 Indra and Agni we invite, the Soma-drinkers, for the fame\nOf Mitra, to the Sonia-draught.\n4 Strong Gods, we bid them come to this libation that stands\nready here\n:\nIndra and Agni, come to us*\n5 Indra and Agni, mighty Lords of our assembly, crush the\nfiends\nChildless be the devouringones.\n6 Watch ye, through this your truthfulness, there in the place\nof spacious view\n:\nIndra and Agni, send us bliss.\nHYMH\nXXII. Asvins and Others.\nWaken the Asvin Pair who yoke their car at early mom\n:\nmay they\nApproach to drink this Soma juice.\n2 We call the Asvins Twain, the Gods borne in a noble car, the\nbest\nOf charioteers, who reach the heavens.\n3 Dropping with honey is your whip, Asvins, and full of plea-\nsantness\n:\nSprinkle therewith the sacrifice,\n4 As ye go thither in your car, not far, 0 Asvins, is the home\nOf him who offers Soma juice.\n5 For my protection I invoke the golden-handed Savitar\n:\nHe knoweth, as a God, the place.\n8 ForthefameofMitra ; the meaning isnot clear. Mitra appearstobe\nregardedastheguardianof the world. Sfryana takesMitrain the senseof\nfriend,andrefersittotheinstitutorofthesacrifice.\n5 Crushthefiends theR&kshasas, demons who goaboutat night, ensnar-\ningandevendevoui'inghumanbeings, disturbing sacrifices anddevoutmen,\nandgenerallyhostiletotheAryanrace.\n6 In theplaceof spacious view S&yana explains fin the station which\ntly akes known the experienceof results (of actions) thatis in\nhvi.-'L::\n.\nfi:ja. In theplacewhere whatishidden willbemadeknown.\n8 Yourwhip; themadhuJcasflorHoney-whipofthe Asvins isperhaps the\ns ht yi mmu nla isti ang glm oro ir fn ici an tg ionbr oe fe tz he i. swS oe ne drA ot uh sar whv ia p- .veda IX. 1, the wholeof which\n6 Savitar the generatoror vivifier, is aname of the Sun, in theVeda\nsometimesidentifiedwithand sometimesdistinguishedfromSftrya,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 26,
            "content": "; ; :; : \\\n26 THE HYMNS OF [HOOK 1\n6 That he may send us succour, praise the Waters’ Offspring\nSavitar\n:\nFain are we forhis holy ways.\n7 We call onhim, distributer of wondrousbounty and of wealth,\nOn Savitar who looks on men.\n8 Come hither^ friends, and seat yourselves; Savitar, to be\npraised by us,\nGiving good gifts, is beautiful.\n9 0 Agni, hither bring tous the willing Spouses of the Gods,\nAnd Tvashtar, to the Soma draught.\n10 MostyouthfulAgni, hither bringtheirSpouses, Hotra, Bharati,\nVarutri, Dhishana, for aid.\n11 Spousesof Heroes, Goddesses, withwhole wingsmay theycome\nto us\nWith greatprotection and with aid.\n12 Indrani, Yarunani, and Agnayi hither I invite,\nFor weal, to drink the Soma juice.\nIS May Heaven and Earth, the Mighty Pair, bedew for us our\nsacrifice,\nAnd feed us full with nourishments.\n14 Their water rich with fatness, there in the Gandharva’s sted-\nfast place,\nThe singers taste through sacred songs.\n6 The Waters' OffspringSavitar: son or offspring of the Waters, apdm\non ta hp ed rt w, ii ss ea an se fp oi nt ehe wt hm oo dr oe esf nr oe tqu ce hn et rl iy sha (p np ali pe &d lat ko amA )gn ti h. ewaS ta ey ra ,na bue txpl da ri in es\ns\nii tt\nup withhisheat/\n10 HotrdiscalledthewifeofAgni,orthepersonified invocation Bhdrati\ntis heHo el xcy elS lp ee ne tch 1o ar nP dra Fy he ir sh;anV dar id st sH aii ds te oxp bl eai aned sya ns oe ns yh mew oh fo Vi as kto orbe; V&c gh do es ve in ,,\ntheGoddessof Speech,\nb• ir1 d1 swW hi ot sh ew wh io nl ge sw hi an vg es notli bte er ea nlly c, ut,with unclipped wings ; that is, swift as\n12 Indrdnt, Varundnt,andAgndyi arerespectivelytheconsortsofIndra,\nVaruna,andAgni,\n14 Their water rich in fatness the fertilizing rain sent by Heaven and\nEarth. The meaningappears tobe : theholy singersenjoy,as guerdonfor\ntheir hymns,the kindlyrain and other goodgiftswhicharesentdownfrom\ntheregionsabovebythegreatparentsHeavenandEarth.\nTheGandharva'sstedfastplace Thoughin latertimes the Gandharvas are\nregarded asaclass,in the fligvedamore thanone isseldom mentioned. Pie\nis commonlydesignated as\" ‘the heavenly Gandharva/ whose habitation is\nthesky,and whoseespecial dutyis toguard theheavenly Soma,which the\nGodsobtain throughhispermission."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 27,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 22.] the mar bi>a. 27\n15 Thornless be thou, 0 Earth, spread wide before us for a dwell-\ning-place\n:\nVouchsafe us shelter broad and sure.\n16 The Gods be gracious unto us even from the place whence\nVishnu strode\nThrough the seven regions of the earth\n!\n17 Through all this world strode Vishrm; thrice his foot he\nplanted, and the whole\nWas gathered in his footstep’s dust.\n18 Vishnu, the Guardian, he whom none deceiveth, made three\nsteps thenceforth\n;\nEstablishing his high decrees.\n19 Look ye on Vishnu’s works, whereby the Friend of Indra,\nclose-allied,\nHath let his holy ways be seen.\n20 TheprincesevermorebeholdthatloftiestplacewhereVishnu is,\nLaid as it were an eye in heaven.\n21 This, Vishnu’s station most sublime, the singers, ever vigilant,\nLovers of holy song, light up.\nv 16 Vishnu This God, ethe all-pervading or placed\nin theVeda in the foremostrank of deities, and \\ ' '..!!« \\ invoked\nwithIndra, Varuna,theMaruts,Budra,V&yuand :1 * .V.' •. 1 uperiority\ntothemisnever stated, and heis even described in one place as celebrating\nthe praiseof Indraand derivinghispowerfrom thatGod. Thepointwhich\ndistinguisheshim fromtheotherVedic deitiesis chieflyhis stridingover the\nheavens, whichheissaid todointhreepaces,explainedasdenotingthethree-\nfoldmanifestationof light in theform of fire, lightning and the sun, or as\ndesignatingthethreedaily stationsof thesun, in hisrising, culminatingand\nsetting.\nfMT ah ye thm eea Gn oi dn sg po rf est eh re ves ut san (z fa rois mo tb hs ac tur pe or: tiW oi nl )so on f, tha efte er arS t& hya wn ha e, nct eran Vs il sa ht ne us\n,\n(aided) bythe seven metres, stepped,’ and notes: *AccordingtotheTaitti-\nriyas,as citedby thescholiast,the Gods with Vishnuattheirheadsubdued\ntheinvincibleearth, usingthesevenmetres of theVedaastheirinstruments.\nS&yana conceives the text to allude to the Trivihvama Amtdra, in which\nVishnutraversedthe threeworlds in three steps. Thephrase “preserve us\nfromtheearth” impliesaccordingtothe commentary, bhe hinderanceof the\nsinof thoseinhabitingthe earth/\n17 Thewholewasgatheredin hisfootsteprs dust This is the meaning ac-\ncordingtoS&yana. Vishnuwasso mighty thatthe dustraisedby his foot-\nstepenveloped thewholeworld, ortheearth wasformed from the dustof hid\nstrides.\n20 Theprinces: theSfiris, the wealthypatronsofsacrifice,\n21 Light up : glorify with theirpraises."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 28,
            "content": ";: :\n38 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK t\nHYMN\nXXIII. VAyuand Others\nStrong are the Sonias; come thou nigh; these juices have\nbeen mixt with milk\n:\nBrink, Vdyu, the presented draughts.\n2 BothDeitieswho touchthe heaven, IndraandVayuwe invoke.\nTo drink ofthis our Somajuice.\nB The singers, for,their aid, invoke Indra and V&yu, swift as\nmind,\nThe thousand-eyed, the Lords ofthought.\n4 Mitraand Varuna, renowned as Gods of consecrated might,\nWe call to drink the Somajuice.\n5 Thosewhoby Law uphold the Law, Lords of the shining light\nof Law,\nMitra I call, and Varuna,\n6 LetVaruna be our chief defence, let Mitra guard us with all\naids 1\nBoth make us rich exceedingly.\n7 Indra,by Maruts girt, we calltodrinkthe Soma juice : mayhe\nSate him in unionwithhis troop.\n8 Gods, Maruthosts whom Indra leads, distributers of Pushan's\ngifts,\nHearken ye all unto my cry.\n9 With conquering Indra for ally, strike Vritra down, ye boun-\nteous Gods\n:\nLet not the wicked masterus,\n10 We call the Universal Gods, and Maruts tothe Soma draught,\nForpassing strong are Prism’s Sons.\n11 Fierce*comes the Maruts7 thundering voice, like thatlof con-\nquerors, when ye go\nForward to victory, 0 Men.\n12 Born of the laughing lightning, may the Maruts guard us\neverywhere\nMaythey be gracious unto us.\nThishymn is addressedto V&yu, Indra, Mitra, Varuna,theVisyeDevas\nPashan, theWaters,Agni. ‘ ‘\nI Lords of thought ; dM, thought, means especially in the Veda holy\nthought,devotion,prayer,areligiousrite,asacrifice,\n8 Pdshanistheguardianofflocksandherdsandofpropertyingeneral.\n10 Prisnimdtarah .* Prisni’ssons, thosewhohave for theirmother Prisni\nthemany-colouredearthorthespeckledcloud theMaruts, ' ‘ :\n11 0Men 0 heroicMaruts, ;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 29,
            "content": "; ;: : :\nHYMN 23.] THE RIGVEDA. 20\n13 Like some lost animal, drive to us, bright Pushan, him who\nbears tip heaven,*\nBesting on many-coloured grass.\n14 Pushan the Bright has found the King, coacealedj^.Bidden\nI1 ' in a cave,\nWho rests on grass of many hues.\n15 And may he duly bring to me the six bound closely, through\n• these drops,\nAs one who ploughs with steers brings com.\n16 AlongtheirpathstlaeMothersgo, Sistersofpriestlyministrants?\nMingling their sweetness with the milk.\n17 May Waters gathered near the Sun, and those wherewith the\nSun is joined,-\nSpeed forth this sacrifice of ours.\n18 I call the Waters, Goddesses, wherein our cattle quench their\nthirst\nOblations to the Streams be given.\n19 Amrit is in the Waters ; in the Waters there is healing balm :\nBe swift, ye Gods, to give them praise.\n— —\n20 Within the Waters Soma thus hathtold me dwellall balms\nthat heal,\nI And Agni, he whoblesseth all. TheWatersholdallmedicines,\n21 0Waters, teem withmedicineto keepmy body safefromharm,\nSo that I long\n,\n22 Whatever sin is found inme, whatever evil I have wrought,\nIf I have lied or falsely sworn, Waters, remove it far from me,\n23 The Waters I this day have sought, and to their moisture\nhave we come\n:\nO Agni, rich in milk, come thou, and with thy splendour\ncover me.\n13 Himwho bearsupheaven Soma, the juicewhich prompts the world-\nsustainingdeedsofthe Gods.\n14 TheKing Soma.\n. encC eon ic se ta ole td hean fld igh hi tdd ofen Agi nn i.ac Sa ev ee I; Ii I.n a 9.p 4l .acedifficult of access ; the refer*\n15 Thesix: thesixseasons, spring,summer,therains, autumn, winter, the\ndews. Throughthesedrops: Maythislibationinducehimtobring, etc.\n16 TheMothers theWaters, regardedasthe close alliesof thepriests, as\ntheyaremingledwith theingredientsofthe Somalibation.\n19 Amrit nectar, thedrinkthatconfersimmortality theGreekAmbrosia,\n;\n20 Somathushath toldvie : Somaisespecially lordofmedicinal plants."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 30,
            "content": "—\n: ;\n30 • THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 1.\n24 Fill me with, splendour, Agni give offspring and length of\n;\ndays the Gods\n;\nShall know me even as I am, andAgni, with theRishis, know,\nHYMN XXIV. Varunaand Others,\nWho now isf he, what God among the Immortals, of whose\nauspicious name we may bethink us%\nWho shall to mighty Aditi restore us, that I may see my\nFather and my Mother ?\n—\n2 Agni the God the first among the Immortals, of his auspici-\nous name let us bethink us.\nHe shall to mighty Aditi restore us, that Imay see my Father\nand my Mother.\n3 To thee, 0 Savitar, the Lord of precious things, who helpestus\nContinually, forourshare we come\n4 Wealth, highly lauded ere reproach hath fallen on it, which is\nlaid,\nFree from all hatred, in thy hands.\n24 IndrawiththeRishis Perhaps theseven great Rishisare intended,—\nMa. rtcM,Atri,Angiras,Pulastya,Pulaha, Kratu,andVasishtha.\n*Thishymn,addressedto Varuna, Prajapati, Agni, Savitar, and Bhaga,is.\nthefirstofaseriesattributedtoSunahsepa, thesoilofAjtgarta. Thelegend\nistoldinfulldetailintheAitareyaBrdlmana. A king,namedHarischandra,\nworshipsVaruna inordertoobtain ason, promising to sacrificeto him his\nufi nr ts it l-b Ro or hn. itaA gs ro on wsis ub po ,rn w, hn ea nme hid sfR ao th hi et ra c;ob mu mt unt ih ee atk ei sng tod he ila mys ht il sie is na tc er nif di ec de\nfate. Rohitarefusessubmission,andspendsseveralyearsinthe forestaway\nfromhome. There, atlast,hemeetswithAjigarta, a Rishiingreatdistress,’\nandpersuadeshimtopartwithhis secondson Sunahsepatobe offered,asa\nsubstitute,toVaruna. Sunalsepaisabouttobesacrificed, when,bythead-\nviceofVisv&mitra,oneoftheofficiatingpriests,heappeals to the Gods, and\n4is 13l ,ib ae nra dte Md .. MuS le le erW ,il As .on S., LR ii tg erv ae td ua r,\ne\n,i, p.p 4. 086 .0., Muir, 0,S. Texts,i. 355,407,\nsay1 sM thi ag tht 'y AdA itd ii ,ti ananP cr io ef ne tss gor odMu ol rle gr odde{ sT sr ,an is s, inof realt ih te ytR hi egv ee ad ra l, ies1 t. n2 a3 m0 e)\ninventedtoexpresstheInfinite nottheInfiniteastheresult of alongpro-\n;\ncessofabstractreasoning, butthevisibleInfinite,theendlessexpansebeyond\ntheearth,beyondtheclouds,beyondthesky.’\nfThesewords [WhoshalltomightyAditirestoreus\n?]\nmaybeunderstood\nasspokenbysome oneindangerofdeath. .who prayedto bepermittedagain\ntobeholdthefaceofnature...Ifweshould.\nunderstandthefatherand mother\nwhomthesuppliantisanxiousto behold, as meaning heaven and earth, it\nwouldbecome stillmoreprobablethat Aditiistobeunderstoodas meaning\nnature.' Muir, O. S. Texts v. 45,\n,\nS&yanaexplains Aditiinthe textasEarth Roth, as freedom orsecurity\nBenfey,assinlessness. ; j"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 31,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMN 24J THE RIGVEDA. SI\n5 Through thy protection may we come to even the height of\naffluence\nWhich Bhaga hath dealt out to us.\n6 Ne’er have those birds that fly through air attained to thy\nhigh dominion or thy might or spirit\nNor these the waters that flow on for ever, nor hills, abaters\nof the wind’s wild fury.\n7 Varuna, King, of hallowed might, sustaineth erect the Tree’s\nstem in the baseless region.\nIts rays, whose root is high above, stream downward. Deep\nmay they sink within us, and be hidden.\n8 King Varuna hath made a spacious pathway, a pathway for\nthe Sun wherein to travel.\nWhere no way was he made him set his footstep, and warned\nafar wkate’er afflicts the spirit.\n„\n9 A hundred balms are thine, 0 King, a thousand; deep and\nwide-reaching also be thy favours.\nFar from us, far away drive thou Destruction. Put from us\ne’en the sin we have committed.\n10 Whither by day depart the constellations that shine at night,\nset high in heaven above us1\nVaruna’sholy lawsremain unweakened, and through the night\nthe Moon moves on in splendour.\n11 I ask this of thee with my prayer adoring; thy worshipper\ncraves this with his oblation.\nVaruna, stay thou here and be not angry; steal not our life\nfrom us, O thou Wide-Ruler.\n12 Nightly and daily this one thing they tell me, this too the\nthought of mine own heart repeateth.\nMay he to whom prayed fettered Sunahsepa, may he the\nSovran Varuna release us.\n5 WhichBhagahathdealt outto us : the riches whichthe distributerof\nwealth, Bhaga, FateorFortune;hasallottedtous.\n7 VanasyastMpam.in thetextappearstomean 1thestemof thetree* and\nS&yana’s explanation *the massorpileoflight’ seems forced and unnatural\nThephraseisnotclear,hutperhapsthe ancientmyth of the world-tree the\nsourceof life, maybealluded to. 3\n9 Nwriti is Decay or Dest'\"'',J*J ihe Goddess of death and\ncorruption. S&yanacallsher v of sin.\n10 Vanina'sholy laws Varuna is the chief of thelords of natural order\nc tpH o hi h ena e nn cea oo xc nm it sei o tv nn ei lat lay apo tpd f ii e os a nnp r sal sta wuy itr ls oe l.i dbt us e le iSl y:ef e F re eaav. pr p.. en ao rt\n.:\nthe law*h se oo ffco Vn t at h rero uRl ni ao g£ ve at rdh eue , inpm v.o ioa 9 lf 7 ac bf l. e,T aj h ne d'"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 32,
            "content": ": : : :\nU THE HYMNS OF {BOOK\nI.\n21 Belease us from the upperbond, untie the bond between, and\nloose\nThe bonds below, that I may live.\nHYMN\nXXVI. Agni.\n0 worthy of^oblation, Lord of prospering powers, assume thy\nrobes,\nAnd offer this,our sacrifice.\n2 Sit, ever to be chosen, as our Priest, most youthful, through\nour hymns,\n0 Agni, through our heavenly word.\n3 ForhereaFatherforhisson,Kinsmanforkinsmanworshippetb.\nAnd Friend, choice-worthy, for hisfriend.\n4 'Here letthe foe-destroyers sit, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman,\nLikemen, upon our sacred grass.\n5 0 ancientHerald,bethou gladinthisourriteandfellowship\nHearken thou well to these our songs.\n106 Whate’er in this perpetual course we sacrifice to God and\nGod,\nThat gift is offered up in thee.\n7 May he be our dear household Lord, Priest, pleasant and\nchoice-worthy may\n:\nWe, with bright fires, be dear to him.\n8 The Gods, adored with brilliantfires, have granted precious\nwealth to us\n:\nSo, with bright fires, we pray to thee.\n9 -And, 0 Immortal One, so may the eulogies of mortal men\nBelong to us and thee alike.\nWithallthy fires, 0 Agni, findpleasure in this oursacrifice,\nAndthis ourspeech, 0 Son of Strength.\n21 Beleaseusfromtheupperbond; seeI.24. 15.\n1 Assumethyroles: clothethyself inthyvestureof flames.\n2 Mostyouthful continually renewedfor sacrifice,either fromthe house-\nholdfireorbyrepeatedattrition.\n3 Forherea Fatlw'forhisson Agni,who stands in theplace of father,\nkinsman,andfriendtohisworshipper.\n4 Aryaman the name of an Aditya commonly invoked together with\nVarunaandMitra, Heissaidtopresideovertwilight.\n5 like men: or, according to S&yana, as they sate at the sacrifice of\nManus,whoisthesameasManWu.*\n10 SonofStrei *7 ,r\" Vi\n.\n-ffrequent occurrence,andis some-\ntimes appliedto 1 - * ‘. mighty God. The r.xr'-rs-'V.’.. ap-\npliedtoAgni,alu ployed in rubbing i-gtr.hcriLie i»o\npieces of wood to generatefire."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 33,
            "content": "; ; ; :\nHYMJSf 27.] TEERIGVEDA. 35\nHYMN XXVII. Agni.\nWithworship willIglorifythee, Agni, like along-tailed steed,\nImperial Lord of sacred rites.\n2 May the far-striding Son of Strength, bringer of great\nfelicity, „\nWho pours his gifts like rai.n, be ours.\n3 Lordof alllife, fromnear, fromfar, do thou, 0 Agni evermore\nProtectus from the sinful man.\n4 0 Agni, graciously announce this our oblation to the Gods,\nAnd this ournewestsong of praise.\n5 Give us a share of strength most high, a share of strength\nthat is below,\nA share of strength that is between.\n6 Thou dealest gifts, resplendent One ; nigh, as with waves of\nx S:r.dhu, thou\n%\nS^ffTTi-I’anK-si to the worshipper.\n7 That man is lord of endless strength whom thou protectest in\nthe fight,\nAgni, or urgest to thefray.\n8 Him,whosoeverhemaybe, nomanmayvanquish, mightyOne:\nHay, very glorious power is his.\n9 May he whodwells with allmankind bear us with war-steeds\nthrough the fight,\nAnd with the singers win the spoil.\n10 Help, thou who knowest lauds, this work, this eulogy to\nRudra, him\nAdorable in every house.\n11 May this our God, great, limitless, smoke-bannered, excel-\nlently bright,\nUrge us to strength and holy thought.\n1 Likea long-tailed steed Agni, orFire, is likened to ahorse, probably,\non account of Vi?« ; and his long flames, curled and driven by\nthewind,are . i - horse’sflowing tail. Sftyana explains: scat-\ntering our foes with thy flames as a horse brushes away the flies that\ntroublehim.\nexp6 reS si sn id onhu meant ,he wiI tn hdu gs re; ao tr abt uh ne daw no cr ed .may stand for any river, and the\n9 Withthesingers the priestswhosinghymns ofpraiseatthesacrifice.\npo1 e0 tT ofho tu hew hh yo mnk ,no nw oe tst tol Aa gu nds i.: (jardbodha) seems to refer to the IMshi .or\nRudra the Koarer, or Howler, ishere a name of Agni, onaccount of\ntheloud crackling orroaringof his flames. Or the word may signify red,\nbright, See Pischel, VedischeStudien, 1. pp. 55 sqq."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 34,
            "content": ";\n86 THE HYMNS OF [BOOR /.\n12 Like some rick Lord of men may lie, Agni, the banner of\nthe Gods,\nRefulgent, hear us through our lauds.\n13 Glory to Gods, the mighty and the lesser, glory to Gods the\nyounger and the elder\n!\nLetus, if wer have power, pay the Gods worship : no better\nprayer than this, ye Gods, acknowledge.\nHYMN\nXXVIII. Indra,Etc.\nThere where the broad-based stone is raised on high to press\nthe juices out,\n0 Indra, drink with eager thirst the droppings which the\nmortar sheds.\n2 Where, like broad hips, to hold the juice, the platters of the\npress are laid,\n0 Indra, drink with eager thirst the droppings which the\nmortar sheds.\n3 There where the woman marks and learns thepestle’sconstant\nrise and fall,\n0 Indra, drink with eager thirst the droppings which the\nmortar sheds.\n4 Where, aswithreins to guide a horse, they bind the churning-\nstaffwith cords,\n0 Indra, drink with eager thirst the droppings which the\nmortar sheds.\nf) If of a truth in every house, 0 Mortar, thou art set for\nwork,\nHere give thouforth thy clearest sound, loud as the^drum of\njojonouerors. ’\nitm12 ayTh be eba rn en ne dr ero ef dth *e thG eocl hs er: aw lh do ofli tke heab Ga on dn se /rb hr ein wgs hoth ne otG io fid es st to oge tt hh ee mr ,;o ar\ns\nSayanaexplainsit,\n13 Thesedistinctionsofgreater andlesser, olderand youngerGods, oras\nweshouldsay,angels, arenowherefurther cx'h-i:: Sunabsepa, it iss said,\nby the adviceof Agni, worshipstheVi cvi.* UniversalGods. The\nVisvedeyas,asaseparatetrooporclassof Gods, aretenin number, especially\nworshippedatfuneralobsequies,andmoreover,accordingtothelawsofManu,\nentitledtodailyofferings.\n— —\nThishymn asongsung duringthepreparationoftheSomajuice issaid\ntoheaddressedtoIndra,andtothe pestle and mortar and other utensils\nusedinthework.\n2 Platters twoshallow plates, onebeingusedasareceiverand the other\nasacover.\nThey bind the churning-staffwith cords; the churning-stick is moved by\naropepassedrounditshandleandroundapostusedasapivot.\n6 0 Mortar; accordingto S&yanathe divinitiespresidingoverthemortar\nandpestle,andnottheimplementsthemselves,areaddressed."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 35,
            "content": ":: : : ; ; :\nHYMN 2&] THIS UIGYEHA. 37\n6 0 Sovran of the Forest, as the wind blows soft in front of\nthee,\nMortar, for Indra press thou forth the Soma juicethathe may\ndrink,\n7 Best strength-givers, ye stretch wide jaws, 0 Sacrificial Imple-\nments, *\nLike two bay horses champing herbs.\n8 Ye Sovrans ofthe Forest, both swift, with swift pressers press\nto-day\nSweet Soma juice for Indra’s drink.\n9 Take up in beakers what remains the Soma on the filter\n:\npour,\nAnd on the ox-hide set the dregs.\nHYMH XXIX.\nIndra.\n0 Soka-drinker, ever true, utterly hopeless though we be,\nDothou, 0 Indra, give ushopeof beauteoushorses andof kine,\nIn thousands, 0 most wealthy One.\n2 0 Lord of Strength, whose jaws are strong, great deeds are\nthine, the powerful\nDothou, OIndra, giveus hopeof beauteoushorsesandof kine,\nIn thousands, 0 most wealthy One.\n3 Lull thou asleep, to wake no more, the pair who on each\nother look\nDothou, 0Indra, giveus hopeof beauteoushorsesandof kine,\nIn thousands, O most wealthy One.\n4 Hero, let hostile spirits sleep, and every gentler genius wake\nDothou, 0 Indra, giveushopeof beauteoushorses andof kine.\nIn thousands, 0 most wealthy One.\n6 0 Sovran of the Forest vanaspati a largetree usedinthisplace,by\nmetonymy,forthemortar, and( inverse8,) inthedualnu;mber, forthe mortar\nandpestle.\n7 Strength- ov.-V”--*’1 byS&yana as especially giversof food. The\ntwoplatters , are probablymeant. When theupperplatter\nisraisedtoreceivethejuiceof theSomastalks the aperturebetweenthetwo\nislikeahorse’smouthwhenhechewssucculentgrass.\n9' Thisverseisaddressedto the ministering priest. What remains after\nthelibation. Thefilter or sieve was used to purify the juice beforeit was\npouredintothereceptacle. Ox-hide laidunderthemortar.\n3 TJiepairwhooneachotherloob: (Thetextisvery ellipticalandobscure.\nItis,literally: Puttosleep thetwo reciprocallylooking: letthem sleep, not\nbeing awakened. The Scholiast calls them the two female messengers of\nYama[theGodoftheDead],’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 36,
            "content": ";:: : : : ;\nTBE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n38 ‘\n5\nDestroythisass,0Indra,whointonesdiscordantbraystothee\n:\nDothou, 0Indra, give us hopeofbeauteoushorsesand .of kine,\nIn thousands, 0 most wealthy One.\n6 Far distant on the forestfall the tempestin a circling course !\nDothou, 0 Indra, giveus hopeofbeauteoushorsesandof kine,\nIn thousands' 0 most wealthy One.\n7 Slay each reviler, and destroyhim who in secretinjures us :\nDothou, 0 Indra, giveus hopeof beauteoushorsesandof kine\nIn thousands, 0 most wealthy One.\nHYMN XXX. Indra.\nWe seeking strength with Soma-drops fill full your Indra\nlike awell,\nMost liberal, Lord of Hundred Powers,\n2 Who lets a hundred of the pure, a thousand of the milk-blent\ndraughts\nFlow, even as down a depth, to him\n3 When for the strong, the rapturous joy he in this manner\nhath made room\nWithin his belly, like the sea.\n4 This is thine own. Thou drawest near, as turns a pigeon to\nhis mate\nThou carest too for this our prayer.\n5 0 Hero, Lord of Bounties, praised in hymns, may power and\njoyfulness\nBe his who sings the laud to thee.\n6 Lord of a Hundred Powers, stand up to lend us succour in\nthis fight\nIn others too let us agree.\n7 In every need, in every fray we call as friends to succour us\nIndra the mightiest of all.\n5 Thisass: our adversary, says the Scholiast. <Thereforeishe called an\nass,asbraying, orutteringharshsoundsintolerabletohear.’\n6 Fardistantonthe forest maythecycloneortempestexpend its furyon\nthewood,andnotcomenighus. ThewordkundrinffcM,whichIhaverender-\ned in accordance with S&yana,means elsewhere a certain kind of animal,a\nlizardaccordingtoS&yana. This passagemay perhapsmean, *may thewind\nfallontheforestwiththekundrinctchi,’whateverthatmaybe.\n1 LordofHundred Powers: Satakratu.\n3 Thestrong\n,\ntherapturous joy theexhilarating Somajuice.\ni Thisisthineoion this Somalibationisfortheealone.\n6 Inthisfight thehymn isaprayerforaidinacomingbattle.\nr"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 37,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 30.] TEM RIGVME A. 39\n8 Ifhewill hearuslethimcomewithsuccourof athousandkinds,\nAnd all that strengthens, to our call.\n10\n9 I call him mighty to resist, the Hero of our ancient home,\nThee whom my sire invoked of old.\nWe pray to thee, 0 much-invoked, rich in all precious gifts,\nO Friend,\nKind God to those who sing thy praise.\n110\nSoma-drinker,Thunder-armed, Friend of our lovely-featured\ndames\nAnd of our Soma-drinking friends.\n12 Thus, Soma-drinker, may it be : thus, Friend, who wieldest\nthunder, act\nTo aid each wish as we desire.\n13 With Indra splendid feasts be ours, rich in all strengthening\nthings wherewith,\nWealthy in food, we may rejoice.\n14 Likethee, thyself, the singers’ Friend, thou movest, as itwere,\nbesought,\nBold One, the axle of the car,\n15 That,Satakratu,thoutograceandpleasethypraisers, asitwere,\nStirrest the axle with thy strength.\n16 With champing, neighing, loudly-snorting horses Indra hath\never won himself great treasures.\nA_car ofgold hath he whose deedsare wondrousreceived from\nusT^ndT'et us too receive it.\n17 Come, Asvins, with enduring strength wealthy in horses and\nin kine,\nAnd gold, 0 ye of wondrous deeds.\n9 TheEeroof ourancienthome; thetutelaryGodofourfamily.\n11 Friendofourlovely-featured dames themeaningof sipHnindmin the\ntextisvery doubtful. Wilson,following Sayana, paraphrases\n:\n(bestowupon)\nus,thy friends, (abundanceof cows) with projectingjaws. Benfey takesthe\nword tomean beautifulwomen. Ludwig suggests helmeted, from a possible\nform siprini, agreeing with visdm, of men, understood. -Both considersthe\nreading to he faulty,and suggests, siprinivan in the vocative case, agreeing\nwithSoma-drinker. ,\n14 Thelinesin thisandthe followingstanza referringto theaxle andthe\nchariotor wainare somewhat obscure and have been variously interpreted.\nLudwig’sexplanation. whichI follow,appearstobethesimplest andthebest.\nTimcxpre?>!:»!!. r.ovoi..orstirrest, theaxle,whichisthefirmestandstrongest\npartof the car,is intendedto signify Indra’s great strength exerted at his\nworshippers’ prayer.\n16 Thehymnreallyendswiththeprecedingstanza. Thecarofgoldgiven\nto Indraisthehymn, Thecarofgoldprayedforisabundantwealth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 38,
            "content": ":; : : : ;\n40 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n18 Yourchariot yoked for bothalike,immortal, yeof mightyacts,\nTravels, 0 Asvins, in the sea.\n19 Highontheforeheadof theBullone chariotwheelyeever keep,\nThe other round the sky revolves.\n20 What mortal, 0 immortal Dawn, enjoyeth thee ? Where\nlovest thou?\nTo whom, 0 radiant, dost thou go%\n21 Forwehavehadtheeinourthoughtswhetheranearorfaraway,\nBed-hued and like a dappled mare.\n22 Hither, 0 Daughter of the Sky, come thou with these thy\nstrengthenings,.\nAnd send thouriches down to us.\nHYMN XXXI. Agni.\nThou, Agni, wast the earliest Angiras, a Seer thou wast, a\n;\nGod thyself, the Gods’ auspicious Friend.\nAfter thy holy ordinance the Maruts, sage, active through\nwisdom, with their *~on,rs, were born.\n2 0 Agni, thou, the - . e . Angiras,fulfillestasaSage\nthe holy law of Gods,\nSprung from two mothers, wise, through all existence spread,\nresting in many a place forsake of living man.\n3 To Matarisvan first thou, Agni, wast disclosed, and to Yivas-\nvan through thynoble inward power.\nHeavenandEarth,Vasn shook at thechoosing ofthe Priest\n!\nthe burthenthou didst bear, didstworship mighty Gods.\n18 Thesea theoceanofair.\n19 TheBull apparently the Sun. The car of the Asvins stands at his\nhead orin front of him, and the Asvins precede him in his course round\nheaven. Butthemeaningisnotveryclear.\n20 Weareremindedof theold Grecian mythofEosandTithonus. Uslias,\nDawn,orMorning,isthedaughterofpersonifiedHeaven,Dyaus, or Dyu,\nThis hymn, and the four following, are ascribed to Hiranyastftpa, son\nofAngiras.\n1 Thou,Agni,wast theearliest Angiras the Angirases are the most im-\nportW?. r- mentionedintheVeda. SeeI. 1. 6.\n; spears: the spears of the Maruts orStorm-Godsare\nlightningflashes.\n2 Theholylawof Gods sacrificetotheGods, whichAgniperforms.\nSprungfromtwomothers fromthetwopieces ofwoodusedtoproducefire.\n8 Mdtarisvan:thenameofadivinebeing describedinX.60.1 asbringingthe\nhi(dden Agni to Bhrigu, andidentified bySayanawithV&yutheGodofwind.\nVivasvdn: {the brilliant he appears to be*theGod of daylight and the\nmorningsun, the personification,ofall manifestationsof light. Heis saidto\nbethefatherofYama,andthe Godsarecalledhis offspring.\nVasa : (good)oftenusedasanameorepithetofAgni. TheVasusasaclass\nr-\nof Gods,eightinnumber,wereatfirstpersonificationsofnaturalphenomena*\nr"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 39,
            "content": "—\n: : :; : : :\nBTMN\n81.]\nTUB MOVXDA,\n41\n4 Agni thou madest heaven to thunder for mankind; thou, yet\nmore pious, for pious Pururavfis.\nWhen thou art rapidly freed from thy parents, first eastward\nthey hear thee round, and, after, to the west.\n5 Thou, Agni, art a Bull who makes our store increase, to he\ninvoked by him who lifts the ladle up. *\nWell knowing the oblation withthehallowingword,unitingall\nwho live, thou lightenest first our folk.\n6 Agni, thou savest in the synod when pursued e’en him, far-\nseeing One ! who walks in evil ways.\nThou, when the heroes fight for spoil which men rush round,\nslayest in war the many hy the hands of few.\n7 For glory, Agni, day by day, thou liftest up the mortal man\nto highest immortality,\nEven thou who yearning for both races givest them great\n10 bliss, and to the prince grantest abundant food.\n8 0 Agni, highly lauded, make our singer famous that he may\nwin us store of riches\n:\nMay we improve the rite with new performance. O Earthand\nHeaven, with all the Gods, protectus.\n9 O blameless Agni lying in thy Parents’ lap, a God among the\nGods, he watchful for our good.\nFormer of bodies, be the singer’s Providence : all good things\nhast thou sown for him, auspicious One\n!\nAgni, thou art our Providence, our Fatherthou we are thy\n;\nbrethren and thouart our spring of life.\nIn thee, rich in good heroes, guardofhighdeci*ees, meethund-\nred, thousand treasures, 0 infallible\n!\n4 Purdravds sonofBudha, Heissaidto have institutedthethreesacri-\nficialfires. Agni,torewardhim,sentthundertheforerunnerofrain.\nFreedfromthyparents: producedandseparatedfromthefire-sticks.\nEastivardthey bearthee; thefireisfirstapplied tolightthe Ahavaniyafire\nand thenthe Garhapatya.\n5 A Bull exceedinglystrong.\nWith the hallowingword the exclamation Vashat (may he (Agni) bear\nit(tothe Gods),usedat themoment ofpouring thesacrificial oil orclarified\nbutteron thefire.\n6 Agni, thousavestin thesynod theviddtha,synodor sacrificialassembly,\nseems tohavebeenregardedasaninviolableasylum.\n7 Bothraces Godsand men.\nTheprince theSfiri, the noble oreminent manwho institutes and pays\nthechargesofthesacrifice.\n9 ThyParents heresaidtomean Heavenand Earth,\nFormerof bodies; giverofchildren,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 40,
            "content": "; :; : , !\n& THB HYMNS OF {BOOK L\n11 Thee, Agni, have theGods made the firstliving One for living\nman, Lord of the houseof N&husha.\nlist they made the teacherofthe sons of men,what time a Son\nwas born to the father of my race,\n12 Worthy to he revered, 0 Agni, God, preserve our wealthy\npatrons with thy succours, and ourselves.\nGuard of our seed art thou, aiding our cows to hear, inces-\nsantly protecting in thy holy way.\n13 Agni, thou arta guard close to the pious man kindled art\n;\nthou, four-eyed ! for himwho is unarmed.\nWith fond heart thou acceptest e’en the poor man’s prayer,\nwhen he hath brought his gift to gain security.\n14 Thou, Agni gainest for the loudly-praising priest the highest\nwealth, the object of a man’s desire.\nThou art called Father, caringeven for the weak, and, wisest,\nto the simple one thou teachestlore.\n15 Agni, the man who giveth guerdon to the priests, like well-\nsewn armourthou guardest on every side.\nHe who with grateful food shows kindness in his house, an\nofferer to the living, is the type of heaven —.\n16 Pardon, we pray, this sin of ours, 0 Agni, the path which\nwe have trodden, widely straying,\nDear Friend and Father, earing for the pious, who speedest\nnigh and who inspirestmortals.\n17 As erst to Manus, to Yay&ti, Angiras, so Angiras pure Agni\ncome thou to our hall. !\nBring hither the celestial host and seat them here upon the\nsacred grass, and offer what they love.\nIS By this our prayer be thou, 0 Agni, strengthened, prayer\nmade by us after our power and knowledge.\nLead thou us, therefore, to increasing riches endow us with\n;\nthy strength-bestowing favour.\n11 Ncthuslm oneofthegreatprogenitorsofthehumanrace.\nlid; the personification of prayer, and the first teacher of the rules of\nsacrifice.\nWhattimeaSonwasbom this*SonisAgnihimself,\nHiranyastupa,theRisliiofthe hymn,isthe sonor descendantof Angiras,\nwho,as one of the first introducers of the sacrificial fire and the rites of\nworship,isregardedasthegenerator orfather ofAgni. Themeaning ofthe\nverseis thatAgniwasappointedpriest,andliftteacheroftherules ofdivine\nworshipintheearliesttimewhenAgniwasfirstbornonearthassacrificialfire,\n13 Four-eyed illuminatingthefourcr.rlir.nlrovrd*.orlookinginalldirections.\ntoahumanbeing,thenl ri iv yi an jg n; ap wr oo rb sa hb ih p. o• fmo m. av n-' ,ii.. ofMi Mor a.- n. u.food Oran itd mh aos ypi mta el ai nt ,y\nas Ludwig suggests,one who offersa sacrifice that transportsthe sacrifieer\natonce,living,toheaven.\n16 Yaydti acelebratedking, oneofthesons ofNahusha,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 41,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 32.] THE JUGVEDA, 43\nHYMN\nXXXII.\n' Indra.\nI will declare the manly deeds of Indra, the first that he\nachieved, the Thunder-wielder.\nHe slew the Dragon, then disclosed the waters, and cleft the\nchannels of the mountain torrents.\n2 He slew the Dragon lying on the mountain his heavenlybolt\n:\nof thunder Tvashtar fashioned.\nLike lowing kine in rapid flow descending the waters glided\ndownward to the ocean.\n3 Impetuous as a bull, he chose the Soma, and in three sacred\nbeakers drank the juices.\nMaghavan grasped the thunder for his weapon, and smote to\ndeath this firstborn of the dragons.\n4 W1 hen, Indra, thou hadst slain the dragons5 firstborn, and\novercome the charms of the enchanters,\nThen, giving life to Sun and Dawn andHeaven, thou foundest\nnot one foe to stand against thee.\n6 Indra with his owngreatand deadly thundersmoteintopieces\nVritra, worst of Vritras.\nAs trunks of trees, what time the axe hath felled them, low\non the earth so lies the prostrate Dragon.\n6 He, like a mad weak warrior, challenged Indra, the great\nimpetuous many-slaying Hero. —\nHe, br—ookingnotthe clashingoftheweapons, crushed Indra5s\nfoe the shattered forts in falling.\n7 Footless and handless still he challenged Indra, who smote\nhim with his bolt between the shoulders.\nEmasculate yet claiming manly vigour, thus Vritra lay with\nscattered limbs dissevered.\n1 Inthisandsubsequent Stiktaswehavean ampleelucidation of theori-\nginalpurportofthelegend ofIndra’s slayingVritra, convertedbythePaura-\nnikwriters,intoa literalcontest betweenIndra andan Asura, orchiefofthe\nAsuras, from whatin theVedas ismerely anallegorical narrativeofthepro-\nductionofrain, Vritra, sometimesalsonamed Ahi,isnothingmorethanthe\naccumulation of vapour, condensedor figuratively shut upin, or obstructed\nby, acloud. Indra, withhisthunderbolt, or atmospheric or electricalinflu-\nence, dividestheaggregatedmass, and ventis given tothe rain which then\ndescends upontheearth.’ Wilson.\n2 TheDragon : Ahi, literallyaserpent. TvashtaristheartistoftheGods.\n3 Magkavan : thewealthyandliberal ; Lord Bountiful.\n4 The charms of the enchanter's magicalor supernaturalpowers ascribed\ntoVritraandhisallies.\nIn three sacredbealcers:trihadrukeshn;accordingtoS&yana,ontheTrikad-\nrukas,thefirstthreedays of theAbhipl^vaceremony,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 42,
            "content": ": ;; : : , : .\n44 fm unfits of {book t\n8 There as he lies like a bank-bursting river, the waters taking\ncourage flow above him.\nThe Dragon lies beneath the feet of torrents\nwhich. Y.ritra\nwith his greatness had encompassed.\n9 Then humbled was the strength of Yritra’s mother ; Indra\nhath oasthis deadly boltagainst her;\nThe mother Was above, the son was under, and like a cow\nbeside her calf lay D&nu.\n10 Rolled in the midst of never-ceasing currents flowing without\na rest for ever onward,\nThe waters bear off Yritra’s nameless body t the foe of Indra\nsank to during darkness.\n11 Guardedby Alii stood the thralls of Dasas, the waters stayed\nlike kine held by the robber.\nBut he, when he had smitten Vritra, opened the cave where-\nin the floods had been imprisoned.\n12 A horse’s tail wastthou when he, 0 Indra, smote on thy bolt;\nthou, God withouta second,\nThou hast won back the kine, hast won the Soma; thou hast\nlet loose to flow theSeven Rivers.\n13 Nothing availed him lightning, nothing thunder, hailstorm or\nmist which he had spread around him\nWhen Indra and theDragonstroveinbattle, Maghavangained\nthe victory for ever.\n14 Whom sawest thou to avenge the Dragon, Indra, that fear\npossessed thy heart when thou hadst slain him;\nThat, likeahawkaffrightedthroughtheregions, thoucrossedst\nnine-and-ninety flowing rivers?\n9 JDdnu accordingto S&yana, themotherofVritra.\n11 Thralls of JDdms in the power of Vritraand his allies. Dasa is a\ngeneralnameappliedintheVedato certainevil beingsor demons, hostile to\nIndra and to men. It means, also, asavage, a barbarian,one of thenon-\nAryaninhabitantsofIndia,\nnigT gh ae rdrobb ae nr i: mp pa in oi us( mli ate nra wll hy, oo gn ie vew sh lo ittb la er ot rer ns oa tn hid nt gra tf ofi tcs h) em Goe da sn .s a Thm eis wer o, rda\nisuseda; lsoasthename ofaclass ofenviousdemonswatching overtreasures,\nandas anepithet of the fiendswho stealcows andhide themin mountain\ncaverns.\n12 A horse*s tail was thou destroying thy enemies as easilyas ahorse\nsweepsawayflieswithhistail. Of. I.27. 1.\nTheSevenFivers accordingtoProfessorMaxMuller,theIndus,thefiverivers\nofthe Panj&b (Vitastd, Asikni, Parushni,Vipfts, Sutudri) andthe Sarasvati\nLassenand Ludwigput theKubhfiinthe place ofthelast-named.\n14 Thisfight of Ir s- alludedto. It is said that he fled\nthinkingthathehad : . ; fininkillingVritra,\nMne-and-ninety ui- . jv : agreat number,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 43,
            "content": "::\nHYMN 33.] THE UICxYEDA . 45\n15 Indra is King of all that moves and moves not, of creatures\ntame and horned, the Thunder-wielder.\nOver all living men he rules as Sovran, containing all as\nspokes within thej:elly.\n*HYMN XXXIII. Indra.\nComb, fain for booty let us seek to Indra yet more shall he\n:\nincrease his care that guides us.\nWill notthe Indestructible endowuswith perfect*knowledge\nof this wealth, of cattle'?\n2 Ifly to him invisible Wealth-giver as files the falcon to his\ncherished eyrie,\nWith fairest hymns of praise adoring Indra, whom those\nwho laud him must invoke in battle.\n3 Mid all his host, he bindeth on thequiver : he driveth cattle\nfrom what foe he pleaseth\n:\nGathering up great store of riches, Indra, be thou no\ntrafficker with us, most mighty.\n4 Thou slewest with thy bolt the wealthy Dasyu. alone, yet\n:\ngoing with thy helpers, Indra f\nFar from the floor of heaven in, all directions, the ancient\n5 ‘ ‘ ii : >, the riteless turned and\nWhf ele nd, tI hn od ur ,a ! fiw ei rct eh a Lv oe rr dted offac te hs e,\nBay Steeds, the Stayer,\nblewestfrom earth and heavenand sky the godless.\n6 They met in fight the army of the blameless: then the\nNavagvas put forth all their power.\nThey, like emasculates with men contending, fled, conscious,\nby steep paths from Indra, scattered.\n1 Fainfarbooty:gamjantah, literallyseeking oreagerforkine, that is,\nbooty orwealthconsistingchieflyofcattle.\npett 4y3 TtB hre a edt e wh r eo a:u ld ton ho ynot Jtr Da agf sif tvi jc e uke sr pa aw r cii cnt ogh rl dyu i,s ngn: or tD odo e Sm &n yao ant nd ad ,e ta ol o ‘m Vi rull ici tb h re ar ia nl tl hry e etw ui rr ot n bh , ben rs ,’lik te hea\nwithholder of the fertilizing rain. The Dasyus are also aclassof demons,\nenemies of gods and men, and sometimes the word means a savage, a\nbar Tb ha eria an n. cientritelessones thefollowers ofVritra;herev’-*'*y.x, 7 ,\nwithindigenousraceswhohadnotadopted,orwerehostil-1. s -..« : the\n6 The Stayer: he who stands firm in battle. The word in the test\nsthdiar appears to correspondexactlywiththeLatinStator (JupiterStator).\nSee 6Be Tn hf eey N, avO ar gie vn at su :n td heOc nc ai md een ot f, a1. m4 y8 t. hological family often associ.at* edwith\nthatof Angiras, and. describedasd.aiu:g in Inora battles, regulating the\nworshipof the Gods, etc. . ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 44,
            "content": ": ::\n4$ THE HYMNS OF [BOOKJ.\n7 Whether they weep or laugh, thou hast overthrown them,\n0 Indra, on the sky’s extremest limit.\nThe Dasyu thou hast burned from heaven, and welcomed\nthe prayer of him who pours the juice and lauds thee.\n8 Adorned with their*array of gold and jewels, they o’er the\nearth a coveringveil extended.\nAlthough they hastened, they o’ercame not Indra their\n;\n^ spies,he compassed with the Sun of morning,\ny As uiou*\"ehjoyest heaven and earth, 0 Indra, on every side\nsurrounded with thy greatness,\nSo thou with priests hast blown away the Dasyu, and those\nwho worship not with those who worship.\n10 They who pervaded earth’s extremest limit subdued not\nwith their charms the Wealth-bestower\n;\nIndra, the Bull, made his ally the thunder, and with its\nlight milked cows from out the darkness.\n11 The waters flowed according to their nature; he mid the\nnavigable streams waxed mighty.\nThen Indra, with his spirit concentrated, smotehim for ever\nwith his strongest weapon.\n12 Indra broke through Ilibisa’s strong castles, and Sushna with\nhis horn he cut to pieces :\nThou, Maghavan, for all his might and swiftness, slowest thy\n12 fighting foeman with thy thunder.\n13 Fierce on his enemies fell Indra’s weapon : with his sharp\nbull he rent their forts in pieces.\nHe with his thunderbolt dealt blows on Vritra, and con-\nquered, executing all his purpose.\n14.Indra, thouholpestKutsa whom thou lovedst, and guardedst\nbrave Dasadyu when he battled.\nThe dust of trampling horses rose to heaven, and Svitra’s son\nstood up again for conquest.\n8 With the Sun of morning: ‘Wereverthereto theallegory. The fol-\nlowersofVritraareheresaidtohetheshadesof night which are dispersed\nbythe risingof the sun ; accordingto the Brahmana “Verily thesun, when\nherisesintheeast, drivesawaytheR&kshasas.’’ ’ Wilson.\n10 Milked cows: struckthecloudwith his lightning,andmadethe milky\nstreamsoffertilizingrain flowforth.\nIlibisa’s.strongcastles Ilibisaissaidby S&yanatobeVritra fwhosleeps\nincavernsoftheearth.’Probablyoneoftheconfederatedemonsisintended.\nSushna with his horn: the demon of drought, ‘furnished,’ says the\nScholiast,‘with weaponslike thehornsofbullsand buffaloes.’ Themeaning\nof‘horned’or‘withhishorn* issimply *mighty,’thehornbeingused, asin\nHebrewpoetry, astheemblemofstrength.\n13 Withhissharpbull therushingthunderbolt.\n14 Kutsa saidtohavebeenaIlishior seer,founderof areligious family\norschool,andelsewherespokenofas theparticularfriend ofIndra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 45,
            "content": ":: :; ;\nJ&TMiSr34.] TEE EIGVEDA. 47\n15 Svitr&'s mild steer, 0 M&ghavan thou holpest in combat for\ntheland, mid Tugra's houses.\nLong stood they there before the task was- ended : thou wast\nthe master of the foemeu's treasure.\nHYMN XXX1Y.\nAsvins,\n.Ye who observe this day be with us even thrice ; far-stretch-\ning’is yourbounty, Asvins, and your course.\nTo you, as to a cloak in winter, we eleave close ye are to be\n:\ndrawn nigh imto us by the wise.\n2 Three are the fellies in your honey-bearing car, that travels\nafter Soma's loved one, as all know.\nThree are the pillars set upon it for support: thrice journey\nye by night, 0 Asvins, thrice by day,\n3 Thriceintheself-sameday, ye Godswhobanish want, sprinkle\nye thrice to-day our sacrifice with meath\nAnd thricevouchsafeus store offood with plenteous strength,\nat evening, 0 ye Asvins, and at break of day.\n4 Thrice come ye to our home, thrice to the righteous folk,\nthrice triply aid the man who well deserves your help.\nThrice, 0 ye Asvins, bring us what shall make us glad\n;\nthrice send us store of food as nevermore to fail.\n‘ 5 Thrice, O ye Asvins, bring to us abundant wealth ; thirce in\nthe Gods' assembly, thrice assist our thoughts.\nThrice grant ye usprosperity, thrice grant us fame for the\n;\nSun's daughter hath mounted your three-wheeled car.\n6 Thrice, Asvins, grant to us the heavenly medicines, thrice\nthose of earth and thrice those that the waters hold.\nFavour and health and strength bestow upon my son triple\n;\nprotection, Lords of Splendour, grant to him.\n7 Thrice are ye to he worshippedday by day by us thrice, Oye\n;\nAsvins, ye travel around the earth.\nCar-borne from far away, 0 ye Nasatyas, come, like vital air to\nbodies, come yeto the three.\nDasadyu, isalso saidtohave been aRishi, butnothingisknown of him.\nThe same maybe said of Svaitreya or Sviirya,the sonof awoman named\nSvitrA\nb Pey t1 e5 ‘ ri snT bh t ue h re gme w La a etn xei irn csg o; n’o tf B ae kt n eu sfgr e iy y td ts t ou rai mnn s elt aah nte est \"e a\"x mat om ni os gnn tgo ht eTuc fgl ae r ma iar l’, is\nes ,\nr Y.-.-v r* ... ‘i .b e\nMildsteer strongbutgentleson. .; :\n1 Bepresent withitseventhrice: thatis, atallthethreedailysacrifices,\n2 Soma isheretheMoon, HisdarlingisJyotsnfior Kaumudt, Moonlight,\nidentified withStiryft,thelightborrowedfromtheBun.\n5 For the Sun's daughter: Suryfi,whois calledthe consortof theAsvins,\n7 Ndsatyas acommonappellationof theAsvins, BeeI, 3. 3,\nTothethree tothethree dailysacrifices."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 46,
            "content": ": :\n43 THE HYMNS OF {BOOK l\n8 Thrice, 0 yeAsvins, with the Seven Mother Streams three\n;\nare the jars, the triple offering is prepared.\nThree are the worlds, and moving on above the sky ye guard\nthe firm-set vault of heaventhrough days and nights.\n9 Where are the three wheels of your triple chariot, where are\nthe three seats thereto firmly fastened?\nWhen will ye yoke the mighty ass that draws it, to bring you\nto our sacrifice, Nasatyas ?\n10 Nasatyas, come : the sacred gift is offered up ; drink the sweet\njuice withlips that know the sweetness well.\nSavitar sends, before the dawn of day, your car, fraught with\noil,,various-coloured, to oursacrifice.\n11 Come, 0 Nilsatyas, with the thrice-eleven Gods; come, 0 ye\nAsvins, to the drinking of the meath.\nMake long ourdays of life, and wipe out all our sins: ward off\nour enemies be with us evermore.\n;\n12 Borne in your tripleear, 0 Asvins, bring us present prosperity\nwithnoble offspring.\nI cry to you who hear me for protection be ye our helpers\n;\nwhore men win the booty.\nHYMN XXXV.\nSavitar.\nAgni I first invoke for our prosperity I call onMitra,Varuna,\n;\nto aid us here.\nI call mi Night who gives rest to all moving life I call on\n;\nSavitar the God to lend us help.\n2 Throughout the dusky firmament advancing, laying to rest\nthe immortal and the mortal,\nBorne in his golden chariot he cometh, Savitar, God who looks\non every creature.\n3 The God moves by the upward path, the downward with two\n;\nbright Bays, adorable, he journeys.\nSavitar comes, the God from thefardistance, andchases from\nus all distress and sorrow.\n8 TheSevenMotherStreams seeI.32. 12.\nThreearethejars: threesortsofpitchers, u#edtocontainandpour outthe\nSoma juiceatthethreedailysacrifices.\nThreeworlds :earth,middleair,andheaven.\n9 The mightyass according to the Nighantn *two assesarethe steeds\noftheAsvins.’\n10 Savitar: implyingthattheAsvinsareto beworshippedwiththishymn\natdawn. Savitaristhe Sun.\n11 Thethric-elevenGods ; ‘TH~husthcvilvfortheusualPaur&nik enumer-\nta paht tei iro ,en , ao nmf dad Vt e ahi sr hut apy t- kot Cfh ir t re h ae e dd ee ii Wgt ihi lte ss oV, nan .gv uoi s.w ;i' e. ly er vo e- nrir l- ig uo drn asVa :i td wi ek lvt eext As d. ityT ah se , Pli rs at jAis -,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 47,
            "content": ":: : )\nHYMN 35.] ’THE RIGVEDA. 49\n4 His chariot decked with pearl, of various colours, lofty, with\ngolden pole, the God hath mounted,\nThe many-rayed One, Savitar the holy, bound, bearing power\nand might, for darksome regions.\n5 Drawing the gold-yoked car his Bays, white-footed, have\nmanifested light to all the peoples.\nHeld in the lap of Savitar, divine One, all men, all beings\nhave their place for over.\n6 Three heavens there are ; two Savitar’s, adjacent : in Yama’s\nworld is one, thehome of heroes.\nAs on a linch-pin, firm, rest things immortal ; he who hath\nknown it, let him here declare it.\n7 He, strong of wing, hathlightened uptheregions, deep-quiver-\ning Asura, the gentle Leader.\nWhere now is Surya, where is one to tell us to what celestial\nsphere his ray hath wandered ?\n8 The earth’s eight points his brightness hath illumined, three\ndesert regions and the Seven Hivers.\nGod Savitar the gold-eyed hath come hither, giving choice\ntreasures unto him who worships.\n9 The golden-handed Savitar, far-seeing, goes on his way be-\ntween the earth and heaven,\nDrives away sickness, bids the Sun approach us, and spreads\nthe bright sky through the darksome region.\n10 May he, gold-handed Asura, kind Leader, come hither to us\nwith Ins help and favour.\nDriving off* Eakshasas and Yatudh&nas, the God is present,\npraised in hymns at evening.\n11 0 Savitar, thineancient dustlesspathwaysare well established\nin the air’s mid-region :\n0 God, come by those paths so fair to travel, preserve thou\nus from harm thisday, and bless us.\n6 TwoSavitar'& heavenandearth,ortheheavenof dayand theheaven of\nnight. Ason aliach-pin thelinch-pinis the emblemofstability,retaining\nitspositionunchanged bytherevolution ofthe wheels. So the Gods remain\nunmoved, unalfeoted by death or change, unlikethemortals who depart to\ntherealmofYama. See J. Lhni, DerMythusdes Yama,p. 115.\n7 He,strongofwing : (saparnuh anepithetoraname oftheSun. Apura :\ntheimmortalanddivineOne.\nobs9 erB vi ed ss thth ae\nt\nS ai ltm hoa up gp hro Sa ac vh itau rs : andS& ty ha ena Sus nay as re1a tp hp ero sa ac mhe es asth re egaS ru dn s/ tha en id\nr\ndivinity, yet theyaretwo differentforms, andtherefore one may besaid to\ngototheother.\n10 Ydtudhdnas a class of demons orevil spirits, much like R&kskasas,\nbutmoreparticularly practisesofsorcery.\n4"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 48,
            "content": "; :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK l\n>\nHYMN XXXVL Agni\nWith words sent forth in holy hymns, Agni we supplicate,\nthe Lord\nOf many fimilies who duly serve the Gods, yea, him whom\nothers also praise.\n% Men have won Agni, him who makes their strength abound\nwe, with oblations, worship thee.\nOur gracious-minled Helper in ourdeeds ofmight, be them,\n0 Excellent, this day.\n3 Thee for our messengerwe choose, thee, the Omniscient, for\nour Priest.\nThe flames of theethe mighty are spread wide around : thy\nsplendour reaches to the sky.\n4 The Gods enkindle thee their ancient messenger,-Yaruna,\nMitra, Aryaman.\nThatmortal man, OAgni, gains through thee all wealth, who\nhath poured offerings unto thee.\n5 Thou, Agni, arta cheering Priest, Lord of the House, men’s\nmessenger\nAll constant high decrees established by the Gods, gathered\ntogether, meet in thee.\n6 tn thee, the auspicious One,OAgni, youthfullest, each sacred\ngift is offered up:\nThis day, and after, gracious, worship thou our Gods, that\nwe may have heroicsons.\nT To him in his own splendour bright draw near in worship\nthe devout.\nMen kindle Agni with their sacrificial gifts, victorious o’er\nthe enemies.\n8 Yritra they smote and slew, and made the earth and heaven\nand firmament a wide abode.\nThe glorious Bull, invoked, hath stood at Kanva’a side loud\n:\nneighedthe Steed in frays forkine.\nTinsHymnandthetwelvefollowingareascribedtoKanva,averycelebrated\nftiahiwho iacalled the sonof Ghora and issaid tobelong tothe familyof\nAngiras.\n5 Thepreservationofthewhole world rests, accordingtotheVaidikview,\nthe sacrificesoffered bymen,as thesegive theGods strength andenable\nthemtoperformtheirduties.\nas8 awT ah re hg ol ro sr ei ,ou hs asBu al idl e: dt hh ie sfm ai vg oh ut riy teAg* K'.1 .\n: i hi*.\nhull and impetuous\nr"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 49,
            "content": ": ;\nM9YMN\n36.] TUB RtGYEDA. 51\nSeat thee, for them art mighty; shine, best entertainer of\nthe Gods.\nWorthy of sacred food, praised Agni loose the smoke, ruddy\n!\nand beautiful to see.\n10 Bearerof offerings, whom, best sacrificing Priest, the Gods for\nManu’s sake ordained\nWhom Kanva, whom Medhyatithi made the source of wealth,\nand Vrishan and Upastuta.\n11 Him, Agni, whom Medhyatithi, whom Kanva kindled for his\nrite,\nHimtheseour songsof praise, him, Agni, we extol hispowers\n:\nshine out preeminent.\n12 Make our wealth perfect thou, 0 Agni Lord divine for thou\n:\nhast kinship with the Gods.\nThou rulest as a King o’er widely-famous strength be good\n:\nto us for thou art great.\nIS Stand up erect to lend us aid, stand up like Savitar the God\nErect as strength-bestower when wecall aloud, withunguents:\nand with priests, on thee.\n14 Erect, preserve us from sore trouble; with thy flame burn\nthou each ravening demon dead.\nRaise thou us up that we maywalk and live : sothou shalt\nfind our worship mid the Gods.\n15 Preserve us, Agni, from the fiend, preserve us from malicious\nwrong.\nSave us from him who fain would injure us or slay, Most\nYouthful, thou with lofty light.\n16 Smite down as with a club, thou who hast fire for teeth,\nsmite thou the wicked, right and left.\nLet not the man who plots against us in the night, nor any\nfoe prevail o’er us.\n10 Medhyatithi: Sftyanatakes thisword tobe an epithet ofKanva, * en-\ntertainerofguests whoare worthyofsacrificial food.* But itappears tohe\nthenameof a ltiahi of I£auva’s family,the seer of twenty-eight hymnsof\nBooksYIII.andIX.\nVrkhan and Upastuta: rendered by Wilson, after S&yana, ‘Indra and\nsomeotherworshipper,’ arealsoapparentlythenamesoftwootherIlishis.\n13 Standuperect Agni, aserect,isidentified by Sftyauawith theytipaor\nsacrificial postto which the victims, at an animal sacrifice, were bound.\nAccordingly hetakes, ahjlhhihto mean 4with unguents' wherewith thepost\n—\nwas anointed. Thisword may however refer to the ornaments another\n—\nsignification oftheword wornbytheministeringpriests."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 50,
            "content": "; : ;\n52 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n17 Agni hath given heroic mightto Kanva, and felicity:\nAgni hath helped our friends, hath heiped Mcdhy&tithi, hath\nhelped Upa&tuta to win,\n18 We call on Ugradeva, Yadu, Turvasa, by means of Agni,\nfrom afar.\nAgni, bringJNavav&sfcva and Brihadratha, Turviti, to subdue\nthe foe,\n19 Manu hath stablished thee a light, Agni, for all the race\n’\nof men :\nSprung from the Law, oil-fed, for Kanva hast thou blazed,\nthou whom the people reverence.\n20 The flames of Agni full of splendourand ofmight are fearful,\nnot to be approached.\nConsume for ever all demons and sorcerers, consume thou\neach devouring iiend.\nHYMN\nXXXVII.\nMarat*.\nSing forth, 0 Kanvas, to your band of Maruts, unassailable,\nSporting, resplendent on their car\n:\n2 They who, self-luminous, were borntogether, with the spotted\ndeer,\nSpears, swords, and glittering ornaments.\n3 One hears, as though ’twere close at hand, the cracking of the\nwhipstheyhold\nThey gather glory on their way.\n4 Now sing ye forth the God-given hymn to your exultant\nMarut host,\nThe hercely-vigorous, the strong.\n5 Praise ye the Bull among the cows for Tis the MarutV\n;\nsportive band\nIt strengthened as it drank the rain.\n17 Agnihathhelpedourfriends: S&yanatakesmitrttinthetextasmitrtfni,\nfriends. BenfeyandLudwig considerittomean, theformerMitra, and the\n.latterthetwoMitras,i. e. Mitraand Vanina;andtheytranslaterespectively\n*Agniand Mitraprotected,’and‘Agni, asMitra[andVarunajhath favoured/\n18 Turvasa and Yadu are frequently -mentioned together as eponymi of\ntribesofthosenames. Thepoetappears toprayforthereturnofMavavdstva,\nwhoeverhe mayhave been, to protectthe homeattacked bythe Dasyusor\nrobbers,andperhapsalsotostrengthenhisprayerbyan appealto thespirits\nofdepartedheroes. 1\n20 Demonsandsorcerers: R&kshasasandevilspiritswhopractisesorcery.\nFor an exhaustive explanation of this and other Hymns to the Maruts\nseeM. Muller’sVedicHymns, Part 1. (SacredBooksoftheBast, XXXII.) ’\nthe5 cT lh oc udsBa al sl aam buo ln lg ist ahe moc no gws c: owt sh ,e band of Storm-Gods p ‘reeminent among°"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 51,
            "content": "&YMX S3.] THE MOVED A. $3\n6 Who is your mightiest, Heroes, when, 0 shakers of the earth\nand heaven,\n9 Ye shake them like a garment’s hem ?\n7 At your approach man holds him down before the fury of\nyour wrath\nThe rugged-joi;nted mountain yields. r\n>8 They at whose racings forth the earth, like an age-w*eakened\nlord of men,\nTrembles in terror on their ways.\nStrong is their birth : vigour have they to issue from their\nMother strength,\n;\nYea, even twice enough, is theirs.\n10 And these, the Sons, the Singers, in their racings have enlarg*\ned the bounds.\nSo that the kine must walk knee-deep.\n11 Before them, on the ways they go, they drop this offspring\nof the cloud,\nLong, broad, and inexhaustible*\n12 0 Maruts, as your strength is great, so have ye cast men\ndown on earth,\nSo have ye made the mountains fall.\n18 The while the Maruts pass along, they talk together on the\nway\n;\nDoth any hear them as they speak?\n14 Come quick'with swift steeds, forye have Worshippers among\nKanva’s sons\n:\nMay you rejoice among them well.\n15 All is prepared for your delight. We are their servants\nevermore,\nTo live as long as life may last\nHYMN XXXVIII. Maruts.\nWhat now 2 When will ye take us by both hands, as a dear\nsire his son,\nGods, for whom sacred grass is clipped2,\n6 That is, where all are so mightyit would be superfluoustoask whois\nmightiest. 1\nLikeagarment'sh$m : or, accordingtoS&yana, ‘likeatree’shightop/\n10 The Singers: theloud-voicedMaruts.\nTheMarutshave spread themselves overthe sky andcaused so much rain\nto fallthatthecows in thepasturesare uptotheirknees in water. But see\nLudwig, TTeberdieneuestenArbeitenaufdem GebietederRgveda-forschung/\nPrag. 1S9& - • 1 -•"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 52,
            "content": ": : :\nu MS HYMNS OP {BOOK L\n2 Now whither1 To what goal of yours go ye in heaven, and\nnot on earth ?\nWhere do your cows disport themselves?\n3 Where are your newest favours shown? Where, Maruts,\nyourprosperity?\nWhere all ycfiir high felicities?\n4 If, 0 ye Maruts, ye the Sons whom Prisni bare, were mortal,\nand\nImmortal he who sings yourpraise,\n5 Then never were your praiser loathed like a wild beast in\npasture-land,\nNor should he go on Yama’s path.\n6 Let not destructive plague on plague hard to he conquered,\nstrike us down\n:\nLet each, with drought, depart from us.\n7 Truly, they the fierce and mighty Sons of Rudra send their\nwindless\nEain e'en on the desert places.\n8 Like a cow the lightning lows and follows, motherlike, her\nyoungling,\nWhen their rain-flood hath been loosened.\n9 When they inundate the earth they spread forth darkness\ne’en in day-time,\nWith the water-laden rain-cloud.\n10 0 Maruts, at your voice’s sound this earthly habitation\nshakes,\nAnd each man reels who dwells therein.\nm\n11 0 Maruts, with your strong-hoofed steeds, unhindered\ntheir courses, haste\nAlong the bright embanked streams.\n12 Firm be the fellies of your wheels, steady your horses and\nyour cars,\nAnd mayyour reins be fashioned well.\n2 Where doyour coirs disport themselves1 perhaps,asM. Miillersuggest*\n*where tarryyour herdsV viz. the clouds. Whydo you remain in the sky,\nandhotcomedowntoearth? Or, accordingtoBudwig : f Wheredo thecows\nfeedthat aretosupply milkand butterfor sacrifice to you1 Whereis the\nplaceinwhichsacrificeistobeofferedtoyou?1\n5 Like a wildheust.* or. unwelcome like a deer in the home-pasture or\nmeadowreservedforthecows.\nYama'spath;thepaththatleadstoYamatheGodoftheDeparted*\n6 Destructiveplague: nirritih;sin. M. Muller. Brought greed. M. MUller*\n.7 Sods ofRudra ;or£deartoftudra/whoisthe fatheroftheMaruts.\nWindless rain steady rain, not blownaway; thatsinks intothe ground;\nthewindgenerallyceasingassoonasheavyrain beginstofall,\n8 Thethunderfollowsthelightningasacowlowing,followshercalf*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 53,
            "content": "BYMN TEE RIGVEDA U\n89.] .\n13 Invite thou hither with this song, for praise, Agni the Lord\nof Prayer,\nHim who is fairus Mitra is,\n14 Form in thy mouth the hymn of praise: expand thee like a\nrainy cloud\n:\nSing forth the measured eulogy.\n15 Sing gloryto the Marathost, praiseworthy, tuneful, vigorous\n;\nHere let the Strong Ones dwell with us.\nHYMN XXXIX,\nMaruts.\nWhen thus, like flame, from far away, Maruts, ye east your\nmeasure forth,\nTo whom go ye, to whom, 0 shakers of the earth, moved by\nwhose wisdom, whose design?\n2 Strong let your weapons be to drive away your foes, firm for\nresistance let them be.\nYea, passing glorious must be your warrior might, not as a\nguileful mortars strength.\n$ When what is strong ye overthrow, and whirl about each\nponderous thing,\nHeroes, your course is through the forest trees of earth, and\nthrough the fissures of the rocks.\n4 Consumers of yourfoes, noenemy of yours is found in heaven\nor on the earth\n:\nYe Hud ras, may the strength, held in this bond, beyours, to\nbid defiance even now.\n6 They make the mountains rock and reel, they rend the forest-\nkings apart.\nOnward, ye Maruts, drive, like creatures drunk with wine, ye\nGods with all your company.\n13 Agni, the Lordof Prayer : ‘Agniisfrequentlyinvoked togetherwith\ntheMaruts, andisevencalledmarut-sakhft, thefriend ofthe Maruts,viij,92,\n14. Itseemsbetter, therefore,toreferbrdhmanas pdtpn toAgni, than,with\nS&yana, to thehost oftheMaruts. Brdhmanasp&ti and Brihaspdti areboth\nvarietiesofAgni, thepriestand purohitaof Gods andmen, andassuchhe is\ninvokedtogetherwiththe Marutsin otherpassages,i. 40, 1/ M.Muller'.\n14 Expand thee: addressedtothe poet ofthehymn.\n15 Tuneful : soin 1. 37. 10 ‘And these theSons,the Singers/ Thesong\nof the Maruts isthemusicorsingingofthewinds.\nmea1 suM ra er ,ut ns o, ty ie n tca hs et ay bo su tr racm tea ss eu nr see ,f bo urt th: asi aIi LV* . i/ 1 we whm iu chst ist ca ak se t\nforward tomeasurethe distanceofanobject, an ' . \\ applicable to\ntheMaruts, whoseem withtheir weapons tostrikethetreesandmountains\nwhen theythemselvesarestillfaroff/ M. Muller.\n4 Heldin thisbond: togetherwithyourrace. M.Muller,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 54,
            "content": ";\nm TEE 17YMES OF [BOOK L\n6 Ye to your chariot have yoked the spotted deer : a red deer,\nas a leader, draws.\nEven the Earth herself listened as ye came near, and men\nwere sorely terrified.\n7 0 Rudras, quickly we desire your succour for this work of\nours. c\nCome to us with your aid as in the days of old, so now for\nfrightened Kanva’s sake.\n8 Should any monstrous foe, 0 Martits, sent by you or sent by\n10 mortals threaten us,\nTearye him from us with your power and with your might,\nand with the succours that are yours*\n9 For ye, the worshipful and wise, have guarded Kanva\nperfectly.\n0 Maruts, come to us with full protecting help, as lightning\nflashes seek the rain.\nWhole strength have ye, 0 Bounteous Ones; perfect, earth\nshakers, is your might.\nMaruts, against the poet’s wrathful enemy send ye an enemy\nlike a dart.\nHYMN\nXL. Brahmanaspati.\n0 Brahmanasfati, stand up\n:\nGod-serving men, we pray to\nthee.\nMay they who give good gifts, the Maruts, come to us. Indra,\nmost swift, be thou with them.\n2 0 Son of Strength, each mortal calls to thee for aid when\nspoil of battle waits for him.\n0 Maruts, may this man who loves you well obtain wealth of\ngood steeds and hero might.\n3 May Brahmanaspati draw nigh, may Sunrita the Goddess\ncome,\nAnd Gods bring to this rite which gives the fivefold gift the\nHero, lover ofmankind.\n9 As lightning-flashesseektherani: ‘Lightning precedes theram, andmay\nthereforeberepresentedaslookingaboutfor therain.’ M. Muller.\n1 0 Brahmanaspati: Agniissometimescalled Brahmanaspati, or Lord of\nPrayer. See1. 38. 13.\n3.May Sdnritd the Goddess come: SunrifcA (Pleasantness) is, according to\nSAyana,the GoddessofSpeech(YfigdevaU)inthe form ofloveroftruth.\nThe fivefold gift an offeringof grain, gruel,curdled milk, rice-cake, and\ncurds,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 55,
            "content": ":\nIIYMX 41.] TUB JR/GVB'DA. 67\n4 He who bestows a noble guerdon on the priest wins fame that\nnever shall decay.\nFor him we offer sacred hero-giving food, peerless and con-\nquering easily.\n5 Now Brahmanaspati speaks forth aloud thesolemn hymn of\npraise,\nWherein Indra and Yanina, Mitra, Aryaman, the Gods, have?\nmade their dwelling-place.\n6 May we in holy synods, Gods! recite that hymn, peerless, that\nbrings felicity.\nIf you, 0 Heroes, graciously accept this word,\nmay^\nit obtain\nall bliss from you.\n7 Who shall approach the pious ? who the man whose sacred\ngrass is trimmed 1\nThe offererwith his folk advances more and more : he fills his\nhouse with precious things.\n8 He amplifies his lordly might, with kings he slays ; e’en mid\nalarms he dwells secure.\nIn great or lesser fight none cheeks him, none subdues, the\nwielder of the thunderbolt.\nHYMN XLI. Yaruna, Mitra, Aryaman.\nN e’er is he injured whom the Gods Y aruna, Mitra, Aryaman,\nThe excellently wise, protect.\n2 He prospers ever, free from scathe, whom they, as with full\nhands, enrich,\nWhom they preserve from every foe.\n3 The Kings drive far away from him his troubles and his\nenemies,\nAnd lead him safely o’er distress.\ntio4 nS ca oc mr ie nd g.bf eo to wd e: et nid to hr ehi Pd r. aysa &c jr aifi ac ni dal tf ho eod A, no ur ya &jli abat ti ho en, fe os rep -e sc ai ca rl il fy ica eho al ny dli tb ha e-\naftersacrifice; the preliminary and thefinaloffering.\n5vy 0it' Brahmanaspati vs op ie ca ek .s Tf hor eth vo: ic‘ ePr oo ffe ts hs uo nr deI rt ,ot ah gar ie nm ,ar asks th: eT vh oe iceth ou fnd te hr e\niyei\\isby abeautiful transferencebroughtinto connec-\ntionwith theprayer which, spokenonearth, finds, as itwere,itsechointhe\nh\na\npe ini o8 dg uh ssTt ohs se\nf\nao\na\ncwf\nr\nri ih e fie l ida d cev ee\nn\nre r tn i. wo f’ hf\nyi\not nhM ge iu shi t ir sh\nm\nau i0 n d. d we iS tr\nt\no. h hoT l bIe t enx dt rs am a, r.e mV a. en di Lp ,n. ug\nd\na2 , sw79 iS i,\ng\nt&n y\nr\nwo ea^ efn$ rea.\nr es\nws ta ihy tes h,\nex\nBpB rrr aea hsh msm\ni\naa\no\nnn\nn\naa sts pop aa ttt ihi e,\na\nthunderbolt.\n3 TheKings ;Yaruna, Mitra, andAryaman,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 56,
            "content": ": d ;\nU THE HYMNS OP [BOOK\n/.\n4 Thornless, Adityas, is the path, easy for him who seeks the\nLaw\nWith him is naught to anger you.\nh What sacrifice, idityas, yeHeroes guide bythe path direct,—\nMay that come nighuntoyour thought.\n$ That mortal, ever unsubdued, gainswealthand every precious\nthing,\nAnd children also of his own.\n7 How, my friends, shall we prepare Aryaman’s and Mitra’s\nlaud,\nGlorious food of Yaruna ?\n8 I point not out toyou a man who strikes thepious, or reviles :\nOnly with hymns 1 call you nigh.\n9 Let him not love to speak ill words ; but fear the One who\nholds all four\nWithin his hand, untilthey fall.\nHYMN XLIL Pushan,\nShorten our ways, 0 Pushan, move aside obstruction in the\npath\n:\nGo close before us, cloud-bom God.\n4 Atityas:thethreeGodsnamedabove,with others. SeeX. 14. 3.\n9 Butfear the One whoholds thefour Wilsonremarks : ‘The test has\nihaturaschid dadainln&dOil)hi nidhdtoh he mayfear from oneholding\nfour until the fall The meaning is suppli, ed by the Scholiast withthe\nassistanceof Ydska, chaturo bshdn dhdniyutuh ..hitardt, fromagamblerhold-\ningfour dice ..Thatis, where two. menare playingtogether, theman who\nhas not the throw ofthe dice is in anxious apprehension lest itshould be\nagainsthim.’ Benfey thinks that‘the holderof thefour (dice)’ is God who\nholdsinhi*hands anddecidesthe destiniesofman. Ludwigmaintains that\nthereisnoreferencetodice,eitherofgamblingordestiny,andthat*thefour'\nare Yaruna, Mitra, Bhaga, and Aryaman, Thepious man whenhopossesses\nthese four as friends should fear to let them go.*- Bergaigne(LaReligion\nVddique,XII. 158) is of opinion that the cords or nooses of Yaruna, with\nwhich he catchesandpunishesthe wicked,areintended.\n1 Shorten our ways, 0 Pdshmi Pfishanisusuallyasynonym of theSun;\nthatis, heis oneof the twelve Adityas. According to thetenour ofthis\nhymn, heisthe deity presidingespeciallyoverroads and journeyings.\nCloud*bavn ; with reference, perhaps, to the close connexion between\nnourishingthe earth, whichisone ofPushan’s especialduties, and the cloud\nthat gives the necessary rain. But in Eigveda VIII. 4. 15, 16, Pushan is\ncalledvimoehana,the deliverer, (fromsin, accordingtoS&yana), and perhaps\nvmucho napdt may mean the same thing. See Muir 0. S. Texts. V, 175\nwherethewholehymn istranslated, *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 57,
            "content": ":: ;: ; :\n&rMN\n43.] TJIE RIGVEDA. 5*\n2 Drive, Pushan, fromour roadthewolf, the wickedinauspicious\nwolf,\nWho liesin wait to injure us.\n3 Who lurks about the path we take, the robber with a guileful\nheart\nFar from the road chase him away. r\n4 Tread with thy foot and trample out the firebrand of the\nwicked one,\nThe double-tongued, whoe’er he be.\n5 Wise Puslian, Wonder-Worker, we claim of thee now the aid\nwherewith\nThou furtlieredst our sires of old.\n6 So, Lordofall prosperity, best wielder of the golden sword,\nMake riches easy to be won.\n7 Past all pursuers lead us, make pleasant our path and fair\nto tread\nO Puslian, find thou power for this.\nS Lead us to meadows rich in grass send on our way no early\n:\nheat\n0 Pushan, find thou power for thi^.\n9 Be gracious to us, fill us full, give, feed us, and invigorate\n0 Pushan, find thou power forthis.\n10 So blame have we for Pushan him we magnify with songs\n;\nofpraise\nWe seek the Mighty One for wealth.\nHYMN XLTII. Bud™,\nWhat 'shall we singto Budra, strong, most bounteous, excel-\nlently wise,\nThat shall be dearest to his heart?\n2 That Aditi nriy grant the grace of Budrato ourfolk, ourkine,\nOur cattle and our progeny\n3 That Mitra and that Varupa, that Budra may remember us\nv\nYea, all the Gods with oneaccord.\n2 Thewolf;vrika—Swedish and Norwegianvary, which signifiesnotonly\nwolf, butalsoawickedgodlessman.\n1 Budraappearsinthishymnas a gentle and beneficent deity, presiding\n©specially overmedicinalplants.\n2 ThatAditi may grantthe grace: Aditiis said by Sftyana to meanhere\ntheearth, andis accordinglyso translated byWilson. Benfey explains the\nwordby *Sinlessness/andLudwigtake3itasamasculinedeitymeaningBudra\nhimself."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 58,
            "content": ": :: :\n60 fllM HYMNS Of [EOOk L\n4 To Rudra Lord of sacrifice, of hymns and balmymedicines,\nWe pray forjoy and health and strength.\n.5 He shines in splendourlike the Bun, refulgent as bright gold\nishe,\nThe good, the best among the Gods,\n6 May he grant healthinto oursteeds, wclVbemgtoourrams and\newes.\nTo men, to women, and to kine.\n7 0 Soma) set thou upon us the glory of a hundred men)\nThe great renown of mighty chiefs.\n8 Let not malignities, northose who trouble Soma, binder xiS*\nIndu, give us a share of strength.\n9 Soma ! head, central point, love these ; Soma ! know these as\nserving thee,\nChildren of thee Imortal, at the highestplace of holy law*\nHYMN\nXLIY. Agni\nImmortal Jatavedas, thou many-hued fulgent gift of Dawn,\nAgni, this day to him who pays oblations bring the Gods who\nwaken with the morn,\n2 Forthou art offering-bearer and loved messenger, the chariot-\neer of sacrifice\nAccordant with the Asvins and with Dawn grant ns heroic\nstrength and loftyfame.\n3 As messenger we choose to-day Agni the good whom many\nlove,\nSmoke-bannered spreader of the light, atbreak ofday glory of\nsacrificial rites.\n0 Mayhegranthealth hereRudraappears aspasuputi,Lordandguardian\nof cattle.\n8 Thosewho troubleSoma probablythe peopleof the hills who interfere\nwiththegatheringof the.Somaplantwhichhastobesoughtthere.\nofI tn hd eu Mol oi nter aa sll ry ai‘ nd -r gio vp er; ,1 f ar no dm ofth Se ons ia am we hr io co ht ia ss idI en nd tr ia f, iet dh we iR ta hi in te .r ; aname\n9 At thehighestplaceof holylaw ; attheplace where sacrificeisduly per-\nformed. ‘Thewholeverseisdifficult, possiblyalater addition,’ MaxMuller.\nThis Hymn and the six following are ascribed to the Rishi Praskauva;\nthesonofK&nvawhois theseeroftheprecedinggroup.\n1 Immortal Jdtavcdas ; J&tavedasisacommon epithetof Agni, themean-\ni s 5.en sg s pio onf sg sw eh a sli slc inh c gri es wa ite sux drp e ol s ma .i\n;\n’n ’e 3d .i 1n kf ni ove wnwa by ys c; r1 e. atf ek dno bw ei in ngg sal ;l ’c 4r .ea 't pe od ssb ee si sn ig ns g; r% ichp eo ss-\n;\n2 TheAsvins: seeI, 8. 1.\nDawn; theGoddess ITshas Morningpersonified,\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 59,
            "content": "; ;\nHYMN 44.] THE XIGVEDA. 61\n4 Him noblest and most youthful, richly-worshipped guest, dear\nto the men who offer gifts,\nHim, Agni Jatavedas, I beseech at dawn that he may bring\nthe Gods to us.\n5 Thee, Agni, will I glorify, deathless nourisher of the world,\nImmortal, offering-bearer, meet forsacred foocj, preserver, best\nat sacrifice.\n6 Tellgoodthingstothy praiser, 0 mostyouthful God, asrichly-\nworshipped, honey-tongued,\nAnd, granting to Praskauva lengthened days of life, show\nhonour to the Heavenly Host.\n7 For the men, Agni, kindle thee as all-possessor and as Priest;\nSo Agni, much-invoked, bring hither with all speed the Gods,\nthe excellently wise,\n8 At dawn of day, at night, Ushas and Savitar, the Asvins,\nBhaga, Agni’s self\nSkilled in fair rites, with Soma poured, the Kanvas light thee,\nthe oblation-wafting God.\n9 For, Agni, Lord of sacrifice and messenger of men art thou\n:\nBring thou the Gods who wake at dawn, whoseethe light, this\nday to drink the Somajuice.\n10 Thou shortest forth, 0 Agni, after former dawns, all visible, 0\nrich in light.\n*Thou art our help inbattle-strife, the Friend ofman, thegreat\nHigh Priest in sacrifice.\n11 Like Alarm, we will stablish thee, Agni, performer of the rite,\nInvoker, ministering Priest, exceeding wise, the swiftimmortal\nmessenger. ^\n12 When as the Gods’ High Priest, by many loved, thou dost\ntheir mission as their nearest Friend,\nThen, likethe far-resounding billows ofthe flood, thy flames, 0\nAgni, roaraloud,\n13 Hear,Agni,whohastearstohear,withallthytrainofescortGods;\nLet Mitra, Aryaman, seekingbetimesour rite, seat them upon\nthe sacred grass.\n14 Let those who strengthen Law, who bountifully give, the fire-\ntongued Maruts, hear ourpraise.\nMay Law-supporting Varuna, with the Asvins twain and\nUshas, drink the Soma juice,\n11 Like Manu; th r '~'n andfatherofthe humanrace and\nthefirstinstitutorof . . . * ' .\n12 Of the food : c- 1 - ! rord meaning either that river (the\nIndus)in particular, oranyriverorgatheringof watersingeneral,-\n15 Let Mitra,Aryaman ;and Varuna,understood.\n14 The jirc-tonguci Marais wh.o.co.nsume the sacrif.ice.by.m.ea.ns.of the\nlonguc-likeflamesoC Agni."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 60,
            "content": "; ; : :: ::\nmu\nifrunvs op [BOOKL\nHYMN XLY. Agni.\na\nW Wo hb osh si pf rit nh ge fY ra os mus M, tA ng un ,i t! hoh se ere w, ht ohe kR nu od wra fs a, irth rie tesA ,di wt hy oas, poa ul rl\ntheir blessings down,\n2 Agni, the Gods who understand give ear unto the worshipper\nLordof RedrSteeds, who lovest song, bring thou those Three-\nand-Thirty Gods.\n3 0 Jatavedas, great in aet, hearken thou to Praskanva’s call,\nAs Priyamedha erstwas heard, Atri, Virdpa, Angiras.\ni The sons of Priyamedhaskilled in lofty praise have called for\nhelp\nOn Agni who with fulgent flame is Ruler of all holy rites.\n5 Hearthou, invoked with holy oil, bountiful giver of rewards,\nThese eulogies, whereby the sons of Kanva call thee to their\naid.\n6 0 Agni, loved by many, thou offame most wondrous, in their\nhomes\nMen call on thee whose hair is flame, to be the bearer of their\ngifts.\n107 Thee, Agni, best to findoutwealth, mostwidely famous, quick\nto hear,\nSingers have stablished in their rites Herald and ministering\nPriest.\n8 Singers with Soma pressed have made thee, Agni, hasten to\nthe feast,\nGreatlight to mortal worshipper, whattime they bring the\nsacred gift.\n9 Good, bounteous, Son of Strength,this day seat here onsacred\ngrass the Gods\nWho come at early morn, the host of heaven, to drink the\nSoma juice.\nBring with joint invocations thou, 0 Agni, the celestial host\nHere stands the Soma, bounteous Gods : drink this expressed\nereyesterday.\n1 Rudras Adityas three classesof Gods who makeupalmostthe\nwholenumberof th, ethirty-threedeitiesspokenof inthenextstanza.\nWhospr'nujfrom Matiu Manu appears hereas Praj&pati, the progenitor\nof Godsaswellas of men.\n2 Lordof RedSteeds Agni,whose horsesareflamesof fire.\nTheThree-and-ThirtyGods; seeI,34. 11.\n3 Priyamedha,Atri,andVirupaarefamousRishis,theseersofmanyhymns\nof theRigvcda. Angirashasalreadybeenmentioned. See I. 1. 6,\n9 SonofStrength madeorgeneratedbystrongfriction\n;\n*kindledthrough\nagitationtoaflame.*\n10 Expressedereyesterday preparedtwodayslieforeinorderthatthejuice\nmightfermentbeforeitwasused."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 61,
            "content": ": :: : :\nBYMiSf 46,] THE RIGVEDA. 6*\nHYMN XLVI.\nAsvina.\nNow Morningwithhereaiiistlightshinesforth, dear Daughter\nof the Sky\nHigh, Asvins, I extol your praise,\n2 Sons of the Sea, mighty to save, discoverers ofriches, ye\nGods with deep thought who tind out wealth. *\n3 Your giant coursers hasten on over the region all inflames,\nWhen your car flies with winged steeds.\n4 He, liberal, lover of the flood, Lord of the House,, the vigilant,.\n§\nC Yh eief hs av! ewi rt eh gao rb dla ut nio tn os of ue red h3 yy mo nu s,full N.\nasatyas, thinkingof our\nwords\n:\nDrink boldly ofthe Soma juice.\n6 Vouchsafe to us, 0 AsvinFair, such strength as, with attend-\nant light,\nMay through the darkness carry us.\n7 Come in the ship of these our hymns to bear youto thehither\nshore\n0 Asvins, harness ye the car.\n8 The heaven’s wide vessel 1 is your own : on the flood’s shorn\nyour chariot waits ; *\nDrops, with the hymn, have been prepared.\n9 Kanvas, the drops are in the heaven; the wealth is at the\nwaters’ place\nWhere will ye manifestyour form?\n1 Morning : U'shasorDawn, personifiedasa Goddess.\nAsvins;seeI. 3.1.\n2 Sonsof theSea offspringof thecelestialocean,theatmosphere.\n4 He, liberal loveroftheflood evidently Agin and not the Sun. Agrri's\nconnexionwith, waterisfrequentlyalluded to,andheisoftencalled theLord\nandGuardianof thehouseorfamily.\n6 Thedarkness: in theshapeofpovertyorwant,accordingtotheScholiast.\n7 Thepoet appears to invite the Asvinsto yoketheir chariotfor partof\nthejourney andcome tomeet hishymn whichshall bearthem asina ship\nthrough thesky. The middle airor atmosphereis thesea between heaven\nandearth, andtheearthis thehithershore,\n8 Vessel\n:\n(aretram). a vehiclein the shapeofaship, says SAyana. You\nhavealreadytheship ofoursongstobearyouthroughthesky,andnow your\nchariothas reachedthe earthand theplace where,togetherwiththishymn,\ntheSomajuicehasbeenpreparedforalibationtoyou.\n9 Thedrops,orSomalibation,andthewealthortreasure, andthesky and\ntheplace ofrivers appear here tobe parallelisms, both pairs of expressions\nsignifyingthe samething. Theoblation issaid toliave already reachedthe\nheavenwheretheAsvinswillreceiveit. Sayana’sparaphrasewhichWilsonhas\nfollowed, seems forced and unnatural. ‘Kanvas* (askthis ofthe Asvins):\n(How) dotherays (ofthesun proceed)fromthesky?: (How) does thedawn\n(rise)in theregionofthe waters1"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 62,
            "content": "; ; : :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n10 Light came to lighten up the branch: the Sun appeared as it\nwere gold\nAnd with its tongue shone forth the dark.\n1X The path of sacrifice was made to travel to the farther goal\nThe road of heaven was manifest.\n12 The singer of their praise awaits whatever grace the Asvins\ngive,\nWho save when Soma gladdens them.\n13 Ye dwellers with Yivasvan come, auspicious, as to Manu erst;\nOome to the Soma and our praise.\n14 0 circumambient Asvins, Dawn follows the brightness ofyour\nway:\nApprove with beams our solemn rites.\n15 Drink yeof ourlibations, grantprotection, 0ye AsvinsTwain,\nWith aids which none may interrupt.\nHYMN XLVIL Asvins.\nAsvins, for you who strengthen Law this sweetest Soma hath\nbeen shed.\nDrink this expressed ere yesterday and give riches to him who\noffers it.\n2 Come, 0 ye Asvins, mounted on your triple ear, three-seated,\nbeautiful of form.\nTo you at sacrifice the Kanvas send the prayer graciously\n;\nlisten to their call.\n3 0 Asvins, ye whostrengthen Law,drink yethis sweetest Soma\nuiee.\nj\nBorne on your wealth-fraught car come ye this day to him\nwhooffers, yeof wondrous deeds.\n4 Omniscient Asvins, on the thrice-heaped grass bedew with the\nsweetjuice the sacrifice.\nThe sons of Kanva, striving heavenward, call on you with\ndraughts of Soma juice out-poured.\n5 0 Asvins, with those aids wrherewith ye guarded Kanva care-\nfully,\nKeep us, 0 Lords of Splendour : drink the Soma juice, ye\nstrengtheners of holy law.\n10 Lightcometolighten upthe branch thebranchisprobablythesacrificial\nfire. Cf. ‘The other fires are verily thy branches’ (I. 59. 1)* The epithet\n*dark1 mayrefertothedarkeningofthefirebythesunlightorbythesmoke.\n11 Sacrificeisthepathwhichleads the Gods fromheaventoearth, andthe\nwaythVoughheavenismadevisibleby thesacrificialfireorby thedaylight,\n13 Vivasvdn ‘the Brilliant,’ anameof the morning heaven personified\nHoisregardedas thefatherofYama,Manu,andtheAsvins. SeeX. 17.2,note\""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 63,
            "content": ";;: : ;\nHYMN 48.] THE RIGVEDA. 65\nG 0 Mighty Ones, ye gave Snells abundant food, brought on\nyour treasure-laden car\nSo now vouchsafe to us the wealth which many crave, either\nfrom heaven or from the sea.\n7 Nasatyas, whether ye be far avray or close to Turvasa,\nBorne on your lightly-rolling chariot come tio us, together\nwith the sunbeams come.\n8 So let your coursers, ornaments of sacrifice, bring you to our\n10\nlibations here.\nBestowing food on him who acts and gives aright, sit, Chiefs,\nupon the sacred grass.\n9 Come, 0Nasatyas, on yourcardeckedwithasunbright canopy,\nWhereon ye ever bring wealth to the worshipper, to drink the\nSoma’s pleasant juice.\nWith lauds and songs of praise we call them down to us, that\nthey, most rich, may succour us\nFor ye have ever in the Kanvas’ w; ell-loved house, 0 Asvins,\ndrunk the Soma juice.\nHYMN XLYIH.\nDawn.\nDawn on uc with prosperity, 0 Ushas, Daughter of the Sky,\nDawn withgreat glory, Goddess, Lady of theLight,dawnthou\nwith riches, Bounteous One.\n2 They, bringing steeds andkine, boon givers of all wealth, have\noft sped forth to lighten us.\n0 Ushas, waken up for me thesoundsofjoy sendustheriches\n:\nof the great.\n3 Ushas hath dawmed, and now shall dawn, the Goddess, driver\nforth of cars\nWhich, as she cometh nigh, have fixed their thought on her,\nlike glory-seekers on the flood.\n—\n6 Sudds aking, thesonof Pijivana. SeeVII. 18, 5 25.\n7 Nasatyas Asvins. SeeI. 3. 3,\nTurvasa thetribeorfamilycalledafterthechiefof this name,frequently\nmentioned in theItigveda. See I. 36. IS.\n10 With lauds: nhtkebh answering, according toS&yana, towhatinthe\nBr&hmana is called Sastram (toberecited by the Hotar) while the Stoma\n(stofcram) song,issungbytheS&ma-priests.\n1 Ushas Morning, Dawn, personified.\n2 They : the Dawnsof precedingdays,\n3 TheapproachofDawnsetscarsorwainsin motion inthesame wayasit\ncausesships orboatsthathaveanchoredduringthenight to moveouttothe\nopen water.\n5"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 64,
            "content": "—\n: ;\n66 THE HYMNS OF [BOOR 2,\n4 Here Kanva, chiefof Kaiiva’s race, sings forth aloud the glo-\nries of the heroes’ names,\nThe princes who, 0 Ushas, as thou cornest near, direct their\nthoughts to liberal gifts.\n5 Likea goodmatron Ushas comescarefullytendingeverything ;\nHousing alb life she stirs all creatures that have feet, and\nmakes the birds of air fly up.\n6 Shesends the busy forth, each man to his pursuit delay she\n:\nknows not as she springs.\n0 rich in opulence, after thy dawning birds that have flown\nforth no longer rest.\n7 This Dawn hath yoked her steeds afar, beyond the rising of\nthe Sun\nBorne on a hundred chariots she, the auspicious Dawn, advan-\n10 ces on her way to men.\n8 To meet her glance all living creatures bend them down\nExcellent One, shemakes the light.\nUshas, the Daughter of the Sky, the opulent, shinesfoes and;\nenmities away.\n9 Shine on us with thy radiant light, 0 Ushas, Daughter of the\nSky,\nBringing to us great store of highfelicity, andbeaming onour\nsolemn rites.\nForin thee is each living creature’s breath and life, when.\nExcellent thou dawncst forth.\n!\nBorneon thy lofty car, 0 Lady of the Light, hear, thou of\nwondrous wealth, our call.\n110 Ushas, win thyself the strength which among men is won-\nderful.\nBring thou thereby the pious unto holy rites, those who as.\npriests sing praise to thee.\n12 Bring from the firmament, 0 Ushas, all the Gods, that they\nmay drink our Soma juice,\nAnd, being what thou art, vouchsafe us kine and steeds,\nstrength meetforpraise and hero might.\n13 May Ushas whose auspicious rays are seen resplendent round\nabout,\nGrant us great riches, fair inform, ofall good things, wealth\nwhich light labour may attain.\n14 Mighty One, whom the Rishis of old time invoked for their\nprotection and their help,\n4 Theprincesare thewealthy patrons orinstitutorsof sacrifice, who bear\nallexpensesandremuneratetheinvests."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 65,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN 50.] THE RIGVEDA . er\n0 Ushas, graciously answer our songs of praise with bounty\nand with brilliant light.\n15 Ushas, as thou with light to-day hast opened the twin doors\n.\nof heaven,\nSo grant thou us a dwelling wide and free from foes. 0 God-\ndess, give us food with kine. -6\n16 Bringus to wealth abundant, sent inevery shape, to plentiful\nrefreshing food,\nToall-subduingsplendour, Ushas,MightyOne,tostrength,thou\nrich in spoil and wealth.\nHYMN XLIX. Dawn.\nE’en from above the sky’s bright realm come, Ushas, by aus-\npicious ways\nLet red steeds bear thee to the house of him who pours the\nSoma juice.\n2 The chariot which thou mountest, fair of shape, 0 Ushas\n!\nlight to move,\nTherewith, 0 Daughter of the Sky, aid meu of noble fame to-\nday.\n3 Bright Ushas, when thy times return, all quadrupeds and\nbipeds stir,\nAnd round about flock winged birds from allthe boundariesof\nheaven.\n4 Thou dawning with thy beams of light illumestall theradiant\nrealm.\nThee, as thou art, the Kanvas, fain for wealth, have called\nwith sacred songs.\nHYMN\nL. Sf;rya.\nHrs bright rays bear him up aloft, the God who knoweth all\nthat lives,\nS&rya, that all may look on him.\n2 The constellations pass away, like thieves, together with their\nbeams, ’ *'\nBefore the all-beholding Sun.\n3 His herald rays are seen afar refulgent o’er theworld of men,\nLike flames of fire that bum and blaze.\n4 Swift and all beautiful art thou, O Surya, maker of the light,\nIlluming all the radiant realm.\n1 Letredsteeds bearthee: theScholiastexplains arunapsuvah asthepurple\ncows, thevehiclesof morning,thatis,thedarkredclouds thataccompanythe\ndawn.\n1 TheGodwhoknoweth all that live:jdtdvedasam,hereanepithetof.Si.rya»\ntheSun-God,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 66,
            "content": ":\n68 TEE KTMNS OF [BOOK I.\n5 Thougoesttothehostsof Gods,thou comesthithertomankind,\nHither ail light to be beheld.\n6 With that same eye of thine wherewith thou lookest, brilliant\nVaruna,\nUpon the busy race of men,\n7 Traversing sky and wide mid-air, thoumetestwith thy beams\nour days,\nSun, seeing all things that have birth.\n8 Seven Bay Steeds harnessed to thy car bear thee, 0 thou far-\nseeing One,\nGod, Surya, with the radiant hair.\n9 Sftryahath yoked the pure bright Seven, the daughters ofthe\ncar with these,\n;\nHis own dear team, he goeth forth.\n10 Lookingupontheloftierlightabovethedarknesswehavecome\nTo Surya, GodamongtheGods, thelight thatis mostexcellent.\n11 Rising this day, 0 rich in friends, ascending to the loftier\nheaven,\nSurya, remove my heart’s disease, take from me this my yel-\nlow hue.\n12 To parrots andto starlingslet us giveaway my yellowness,\nOr this my yellowness let us transfer toMaritala trees.\n13 WithallhisconqueringvigourthisAdityahathgoneuponhigh,\nGiving my foeintominehand :letmenotbemyfoeman’sprey.\n6 Varuna theword is, as Sayana pointsout, usedhere asanappellative\n(theencornpasser) andappliedtoSftrya. Sayanaexplainsitasanisktanivdraka,\naverterof evil.\n9 Sdryahath yokedthe purebrightSeven : the seven steeds that drawhis\near, and which, as intimatelyconneetedtherewith,arecalledthedaughters of\nthechariot. Thenumbersevenhasreferencetotheseven daysof theweek.\n11 fThisverseandthetwo followingconstitute a trkha ortriplet, there-\npetitionof which, withdueformalities,isconsideredtobecurativeofdisease5\nWilson.\n12 The yellownessherespoken of is probably the colour of the skin in\nm\nm\nTj lea a iau ehn nad\ns\nwi\n,\nohc a re un. dst u.f hat\nl\ndT l la nh\ny\nd,e t rrh ye ad e\ne\nvv\nl\na;i ld ob iv swua t er\no\nxd\nr\npt\np\nlho\ni\naef\nm\nir ee nt\nu\neh\nt\ndse ,e it e ne amx tnst\nhd\neti os\nh\nPas b era e ti\ni\ned dn rro sb\nu\nby t\nv\nur\na\nrS e\n,\nga e ay La o\ny\nefu\ne\nxla it\nl\nch ot oa wo ntm\nav\nsne egaa aemn cte eah rba tlr\nae\nii I nt pld a\no\nyl r\nw\nea i ldtd ledr olu ra w-\nToparrotsandtostarling: similarly,amongthe Romans,peoplewiththe\njaundicewere called icterici according to Pliny (H. N, xxx IX) fromthe\nf ma an nci yfu vl arn io et ti io en st ofha tt ht eh ae tud ri ns ie da ise oow ras stc au rr le id ngby fal mo io lk yi .ng Ta ht eth be iric dte wru as s, so an ie do tf ot dh ie\ne\ninsteadof thepatient."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 67,
            "content": ": ; ; :: : ;\nHYMN 51.] ' THE RIGVEDA. 69\nHYMN\nLI. into.\nMake glad with songs that Ram whom many men invoke,\nworthy of songs of praise, Indra, the sea of wealth\nWhose gracious deeds for men spread like theheavens abroad :\nsing praise to him the Sage, most liberal for our good.\n2 A s aids the skilful Ribhus yearned to Indra strong to save,\nwho fills mid-air, encompassed round with might,\nRushing in rapture and o’er Satakratu camethe gladening\n;\nshout that urged him on to victory.\n3 Thou hast disclosed the kine’s stall for the Angirases, and\nmade a way for Atri by a hundred doors.\nOn Vimada thou hast bestowed both food and wealth, making\nthy bolt dance in the sacrificer’s fight.\n4 Thou hast unclosed the prisons of the waters thou hast in\n;\nthe mountain seized the treasure rich in gifts.\nWhen thou hadst slain with might the dragon Vritra, thou\nIndra, didst raise the Sun in heaven for all to see.\nThishymnandthesix following areattributedtotheKishi Savya, whois\ncalled the sonof Angiras.\n1 ThatRam thatfamous ram, Indra. SeeI. 10. 2. Here thereference\nis to a fighting*ram or, accoi'ding to S&yana, toalegend whichsays that\nIndra cameinthefor;mofaram toMedhatithi’ssacrifice,and dranktheSoma\njuice.\n2 Theskilful Ribhus seeI. 2fi. I. Sayanasays thatthe Maruts arehere\nintended, whoencouraged Indra whenallthe Godshaddesertedhim.\nRushinginrapture when exhilaratedbydraughtsof Soma.\n4Hereagain/ saysProfessorMaxMiiller, 4thedifficulty of renderingVedic\nthoughtinEnglish, orany other modern language,becomes apparent, for we\nhave no poetical wordto expressahighstateof mentalexcitementproduced\nby drinkingtheintoxicatingjuiceoftheSoma orotherplants, whichhasnot\nsomethingopprobrious mixed up with it, whilein ancienttimesthatstateoi\nexcitementwas celebrated asablessingof thegods, asnot unworthy of the\ngods themselves, nay, as a state in which both the warrior and the poet\nwouldperformtheirhighestachievements. The GermanRauschisthenearest\napproachtotheSanskrit mada.’\nIn this version mada has generally been rendered byrapture, delight,\ntransport, orwildjoy.\nSatakratu: Indra. See I. 4. 8.\n3 Thekindsstall thedarkcloudthat holds thewatersimprisoned.\ne In\nnT\nu\ndrh\nm\nae erA\na\nfn rtg eei edr da\nw\nhs ie is\nt\nmh:a ftn\nrhe\noa mn Ac ni cge ain\npr\ntt\na is\nvp\ne\nir si te yas ,t ml\no\nsy hnf oga wm ii\nt\nnl hy ge. jMpS re mae jaI p. aa1 t.\ni hs\nu6.\nno dr\nrA\np\net\nr\ndr oi\ng wen\naa\ni\nytI sl oi rs osh fi ou\nf\nes su cma ael\npn\nel\n.\n.y\nVimadawasalsoaItishiofancienttimes.\n4 Themountain: thecloud. The treasureisthefertilizingrain.\nDidstraise the Sun according to S&yana, didst free the Sun whichhad\nbeenhiddenby Vritra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 68,
            "content": ": : :\ni0 THE IIYMNb Oi* [BOOK I.\n5 Wi 5th wondrous might thou blewest enchanter fiends away,\nwith powers celestial those who called on thee in jest.\nThou, hero-liearted, hast brokendown Pipru’sforts, andhelped\nEijisvan when the Dasyus were struck dead.\n6 Thou savedst Kutsawhen Sushna was smitten down ; to Ati-\nthigva gayest Sambara for a prey.\nEen mighty Arbuda thou troddest under foot thoufrom of\n:\nold wast born to strike the Dasyusdead.\n7 All power and might is closely gathered up in thee; thy\nbounteous spiritjoys in di'inking Soma juice.\nKnown is the thunderbolt that lies within thine arms : rend\nofftherewith all manly prowess of our foe.\n8 Discern thou well Aryas and Dasyus; punishing the lawless\ngive them up to him whose grass isstrewn.\nBe thou the sacrificer’s strong encourager : all thesethy deeds\nare my delight at festivals.\n9*Indragives up the lawless to the pious man, destroying by\nthe Strong Ones those who have no strength.\nVamra wrhen glorified destroyed the gathered piles of the still\nwaxing great one who would reach the heaven.\n10 The might which Usan& hath formed for thee with might\nrends in its greatness and with strength both worlds apart.\n5 Thosewho calledon theeinjest literally, calledontheeoroffered tothee\naboveor over the shoulder, apparently an ancient proverbial expression ap-\npliedtothosewhoinsteadofsacrificingtotheGodsputtheintendedoblation\nintotheirownmouths.\nthePi rp ar inu ;is Rio jn ie svo df nth ise ade pim oo un ss wo of rt sh he ipa pi er r; oh pi ps rf eo sr sts edar be yth te hecl Do au sd ys ut sh ,at row bi bt eh rh sol od\nr\nbarbarians.\n6 Sushna }{theDrier-up,’isthepersonification of theexcessive heatbefore\ntherains ademon ofdrought. Sambaraand Arbudaare similar demonsof\ntheatmosp; here. AtithigvaisanothernameoftheliberalprinceDivodAsa.\n8 The Aryas are, first, the people who speak thelanguage ofthe Veda,\nand the Dasyus are the original and hostile peoples of India. Later, the\n•formerarethetrueandloyal people, faithfultoIndra and theGods, andthe\nlatterarethewickedandgodless.\nWhosegrassisstrewn: thefaithfulworshipper, thepriest whohastrimmed\nandstrewntliesacredgrassforthe Gods.\n9 Vamra : thesecon—dhalfofthestanzais ' ’V Wilsonremarks\n4 coT lh lee ctit oe nx .t is Tho ebs Sc cu hr oe l, iastVa sm ar yso tv hi atja ag Ih ld in sha\ni\n. namedVa,mra tookde as dt vr ao ny te ad geth oe\nf\nIndra’sabsencefromsacrifice,tocarryawaytheaccumulatedheapofofferings/\n10 The Dishi UsanA, called also KAvyaorKavi’sson, appearsintheVeda\nasthe especial friend of Indra. In I. 121, 12. he is said to have given\nIndra histhunderbolt\n:\n4Thebolt whichKAvya UsanAerstgavethee/ Here,\nalso, *themight’ meanstheconqueringthunderbolt, althoughin otherplaces\nitsfabricationis attributedtoTvashtar.\nThesteedsofVdta horsesoftheWind*God,horsesswiftaswind."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 69,
            "content": ";\nHYMN 52.] THE RIGVEDA. 71\n0 Hero-souled, the steeds of Vata, yoked by thought, have\ncarried thee to fame while thou art filled with power.\n11 When Indra hath rejoiced with Kavya Usana, he mounts his\nsteeds who swerve wider and wider yet.\nThe Strong hath loosed his holt with the swift rush of rain,\nand he hath rent in pieces Sushna’s firm-built forts.\n12 Thou mountest on thy car amid strong Soma draughts : Sar-\nyata brought thee those in which thou hast delight.\nIndra, when thou art pleased withmen whoseSoma flowsthou\nrisest to unchallenged glory in the sky.\n13 .To old Kakshivan. Somsi prefer, skilledin song, O Indra, thou\ndidst give the yontinel Vrii-hriyii.\nThou, very wise, wast Mena, Vrishanasva’s child those deeds\n:\nof thine must all be told at Soma feasts.\n14 The good man’s refuge in his need is Indra, firm as a door-\npost, praised among the Pajras.\nIndra alone is Lord of wealth, the Giver, lover of riches, cha-\nriots, kine, and horses.\n15 To him theMighty One, theself-resplendent, verilystrongand\ngreat, this praise is uttered.\nMay we and all the heroes, with the princes, be, inthis fray,\nO Indra, in thy keeping.\nHYMN\nLII. Indra.\n1 glorify that Ram who finds the light of heaven, whosehun-\ndred nobly-natured ones go forth with him. —\nWith hymns may Iturn hither Indra to mine aid, the Car\nwhich like a strong steed liasteth to the call.\n11 When Indrahathrejoiced: drunktheexhilaratingSoma.\n12 Sin/dta : aR&jarshiorroyalllishi ofthefamilyofBhrigu,\nDrought theethose: draughtsof Somajuice.\nThou risesttounchallenged glory: whenthou hastexhilarated thyselfwith\ntheSomaofferedbythyworshippersthouperformestthymostgloriousdeeds.\n13 Kakshivan: allishi,sonofUsij. SeeI. 18. 1. Vrichayft, the damselwho\nwasgiventohim, isnotmentionedelsewhere.\nMend\n:\naccording toa later legend, Indra became, himself, the daughter\nofKingYrisanasva.\n14 Among the Pajras anancientpriestlyfamily, said tobeidenticalwith\ntheAngirases.\n15 In thisfrag : the hymnappearstohavebeen addressedtoIndraforaid\nin acomingbattle,\n1 ThatRam : thatfamouswarrior. SeeI. 51. 1,\nWhosehundrednobly-natured ones:seeverse 4."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 70,
            "content": "—\n: :\n72 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n2 Like as a mountain on firm basis, unremoved, be, thousand-\nfold protector, waxed in mighty strength,\nWhen Indra, joying in the draughts of Somajuice, forced the\nclouds, slaying Yritra stayer of their flow.\n3 For he stays e’en thestayers, spread o’er laden cloud, rooted\nin light, strengthened in rapture by the wise.\nIndra withthought, with skilled activity, I call, most liberal\ngiver, for he sates him with the juice.\n4c Whom those thatflow in heaven on sacred grass, his own as-\nsistants, nobly-natured, fill fulllike the sea,\nBeside that IndrawhenhesmotedownYritrastoodhishelpers,\nstraight in form, ’mighty, invincible.\n5 To him, as in wild joy he foughtwith himwhostayedtherain,\nhis helpers sped like swift streams down a slope, 4\nWhen Indra, thunder-armed, made bold by Soma draughts,\nbroke Vala’s fencesdown, as Trita burst his way.\n6 Splendour encompassed thee, forth shone thy warrior might\nthe rain-obstructer lay in mid-air’slowest deep,\nWhat time, 0 Indra, thou didst cast thy thunder down upon\nthe jaws of Yritra hard to be restrained.\n7 The hymns which magnify thee, Indra, reach to thee even as\nwater-brooks flow down and fill the lake.\nTvashtar gave yet more force to thine appropriate strength,\nand forged thy thunderbolt of overpowering might.\n8 When, Indra, thou whosepower is linked with thy BaySteeds\nhadst smitten Yritra, causing floods to flow for man,\nThou heldst in thine arms themetal thunderbolt, and settest\nin the heaven the Sun for all to see.\n3 Forhestays e'enthestayers; the wordsofthe text sethi dvard dvartsfnt\nravrtlttdhavi,arevery difficult. SAyaria’s paraphrase, adoptedbyWilson, is\nloosebutseemstogivethegeneralsenseofthf '‘ ‘ *TT hoisvictorious\noverhis enemies, whoisspread throughthe ’ Thestayer\namong thestayers,’ is probablytheconqueror w.ho checks thedemons who\nobstructtherain, and tidhan, the udder(of the sky)means therain-giving\nclouds, overwhichIndra,as Godofthe firmament,is extendedasacovering.\n4 Hisown assistants: theinspiringSomadraughts,\n5 IIishelpers hisconstantallies, theMaruts.\n4s Trita bursthisway : Sayana referstoalegend whichsaysthatTritafell\nintoawell, andthe Asurasheaped coveringsover itsmouth buthebroke\nthroughthem withease. So Indra broke downthe defences; of thedemon\nYala, SeeWilson’snoteonthepassage.\n6 Therain-obstructer: thedemonVritra.\n7 Tvashtar : theVulcanorHephaestusof theIndian Gods.\n8 Themetalthunderbolt: vajramdyasam, usuallytranslated‘ironthunder*\nbolt’; butwedo notknowforcertainwhatmetalayas(Latin aes)was*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 71,
            "content": "; ; ;\nHYMN 53.] THE MIGVEDA. 73\n9 In fear they raised the lofty self-resplendent hymn, praise- .\ngiving and effectual, leading up to heaven,\nWhen Indra’s helpersfighting forthegood ofmen, theMaruts,\nfaithful to mankind, joyed in the light.\n10 Then Heavenhimself, themighty, at thatDragon’s roarreeled\nback in terror when, Indra, thy thunderbolt?\nIn the wild joy of Soma had struck off with might the head\nof Vritra, tyrant of the earth and heaven.\n110 Indra, were this earth extended forth tenfold, and men who\ndwell therein multiplied day by day,\nStill here thy conquering might, Maghavan, would be famed :\nit hath waxed vast as heaven in majesty and power.\n12 Thou, bold ofheart, in thine own nativemight, for help, upon\nthe limit of this mid-air and of heaven,\nHast made the earth to be the pattern of thy strength em-\n:\nbracing flood and light thou reachest to the sky.\n13 Thou art the counterpart of earth, the Master of lofty heaven\nwith all its mighty Heroes :\nThou hast filled all the region with thy greatness yea, of a\ntruth there is none other like thee. :\n14 Whose amplitude the heaven and earth have not attained,\n—\nwhose bounds the waters of mid-airhave never reached,\nNot, when in joy he fights the stayer of the rain : thou, and#\nnone else, hast made all things in order due.\n15 The Maruts sang thypraise in this encounter, and in thee all\nthe Deities delighted,\nWhat time thou, Indra, with thy spiky weapon, thy deadly\nbolt, smotest the faceof Vritra.\nHYMN LIIL Indra.\nWe will present fair praise unto the Mighty One, our hymns\nto Indra in Vivasvan’s dwelling-place\nFor he hath ne’er found wealth in those who seem to sleep :\nthosewho give wealth to menacceptno paltrypraise.\n9 Infearthen raised: thatis, Indra’sworshippersinfearof Vritra.\n11 If the earthwereten timesaslarge andpopulous as it is, thy fame\nwould extendoverthewhole of it.\n14 Thewaters of mid-air theaerialocean, thefirmament.\nsimH ie laf rig sh uts dd: es nai cd hao nf geI snd or fa. perW se ons ah ro eu cld omex mp oe nct in4t th ho eu Vf ei dg ah .test ;’ but this and\n1 Vhasvdn's dwelling-place the seat ofthe sacrifice^ the representative\nofthecelestialYivasv&n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 72,
            "content": ":\n74 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK /.\n2 Giver of horses, Indra, giver, thou, of kine, giver of barley,\nthou art Lord and guard of wealth\n:\nMan’s helper from of old, not disappointing hope, Friend of\nour friends, to thee as such we sing this praise.\n3 Indra, most splendid, powerful, rich in mighty deeds, this\ntreasure'spreadaround is known to be thine own.\nGathertherefrom, 0 Conqueror, and bring to us : fail not the\nhope of him who loves and sings to thee.\n4 Well pleased with these bright flames and with these Soma\ndrops, take thou away our povertywith steeds and kine.\nWith Indra scattering the Dasyu through these drops, freed\nfrom theirhate may we obtain abundant food.\n5 Let usobtain, 0Indra,plenteouswealthandfood,withstrength\nexceeding glorious, shiningtothe sky\nMay we obtain the GoddessProvidence, t: hestrength ofheroes,\nspecial source of cattle, rich in steeds.\n6 These our libations, strength-inspiring, Soma draughts, glad-\ndened thee in the fight with Vritra, Hero Lord,\nWhat time thou slewest for the singer with trimmed grass ten\nthousand Vritras, thou resistless in thy might.\n10\n7 Thou goest on from fight to fightintrepidly, destroying castle\nafter castle here with strength.\nThou, Indra, with thy friend who makes the foe bow down,\nslewest from far away the guileful Namuehi.\n8 Thou hast struck down in death Karan ja, Parnaya, in Atr\nthigva’s very glorious going forth.\nUnyielding, when Eijisvan compassed them with siege, thou\nhastdestroyed the hundred forts of Vangrida.\n9 With all-outstripping chariot-wheel, 0 Indra, thou far-famed,\nhast overthrown the twice ten Kings of men,\nWith sixty thousand nine-and-ninety followers, who came in\narms tofight withfriendless Susravas.\nThou hast protected Susravas with succour, and Turvay&na\nwith thine aid, 0 Indra.\n2 Thosewhoseem tosleep: Indra derivesno advantage fromthosewho are\nremissin theirreligiousduties.\n6 Ten thousand Vritras countlessdemonslikeVritra.\n7 Withthyfriend; thethunderbolt. Ornamydmaymean 'withKami’ as\nthy confederate.\nAcimuchi: *non-looser(oftheheavenlywaters),’anotherdemonofdrought.\nbee8 nA mea nra tn ij oju n, edPa br efn oa rey ,a , I.a 5n 1d\n.\n6V ,an ag nr did Ba ijia sr ve anAs iu nr va es rso er 5de om fo tn hs e; sA at mi eth hi ygv ma n,has\n9 Susravds } and Tiiruaydnainthenextverse,are saidtobekings, . - ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 73,
            "content": ";: :\nHYMN 54.] THE R1GYEDA 75\n.\nThou rnadest Kutsa, Atithigva, Ayu, subject unto this King,\nthe young, the mighty.\n11 May we protected bythe Godshereafter remainthy very pros-\nperous friends, 0 Indra.\nThee we extol, enjoying through thy favour life long and joy-\nful and with store of heroes.\nHYMN\nLIV. Indra.\nUrge us not, Maghavan, to this distressful fight, for nonemay\ncomprehend the limit of thy strength.\nThou with fierce shouthast made the woods and rivers roar\ndid not men run in crowds-together in their fear?\n2 Sing hymns of praiseto Sakra, Lord ofpower andmight laud\nthou and magnify Indrawho heareth thee, ;\nWhowith hisdaringmight, aBullexceedingstronginstrength,\nmaketh him master of the heaven and earth.\n3 Sing forth to lofty Dyausa strength-bestowing song, the Bold,\nwhose resolute mind hath independent sway.\nHigh glory hath the Asura, compact of strength, drawn on by\ntwo Bay Steeds : a Bull, a Car is he,\n4 The ridges of the lofty heaven thou rnadest shake; thou,\ndaring, of thyself smotest through Sambara,\nWhen, bold withgladdening juice, thouwarredstwith thybolt,\nsharp and two-edged, against the banded sorcerers.\n10 Kutsa has been mentioned (I. 33. 14.) as afavourite of Indra, butis\nhererepresented,togetherwithAtithigvaandAyu,aschastisedbyhim.\nThisKivg Susravas,orTurvayana thesenamesperhaps denote thesame\n;\nindividual.\n1 Urge us not, Maghavan : the verb, urge, which is not in the text, is\nsupplied byS&yaua. The meaning appearstobe, Do not, 0 Indra, force us\nintoanyconflictin whichwemayhavetheeforouropponent.\n2^Sahra; 1theMighty,’ anameofIndra.\n3 Sing forth to lofty Dyaus : Heaven. The God whoisrepresentedinthe\nVedaasthe consortofEarth andthe progenitorofthe GodsiscalledDyaus\nor Dyauslixfitar, names identicalin origin with Zeus, or Zeus pater, and\nJupiter, orDiespiter, theappellationsgiventothesupremeGodofthe Greeks\nandHomans. Inthis place Sayana identifies Dyaus withIndra, whoseems,\ninlatertimes, tohavesucceededtothefunctionsassignedtothe formerGod.\nSeeMuir, OriginalSanslcrit Texts, v. 33.\nTheAsura thedivine One, IndraasthesnpremeDyaus.\n4 Sanibara: ademon. See I. 51. 6.\nThehanded sorcerers: thefiends ofthe atmospherewho useenchantments\norsupernaturalpowers in theirconflictswith Indra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 74,
            "content": "; !\n76 THE HYMNS OP [BOOK /.\n5 When, with, a roar that fills the woods, thou forcest down on\nthe wind^ head the stores which Sushpa kept confined,\nWho shall have power to stay thee firm and eager-souled from\ndoing still this day what thou of old hast done?\n6 Thou holpest Narya, Turvasa, and Yadu, and Yayya’s son\nTurviti,*Satakratu\nThou holpest horse and car in final battle thou brakest down\n;\nthe nine-and-ninety castles.\n7 A hero-lordishe, Kingofa mightyfolk,whooffersfreeoblations\nand promotes the Law,\nWho with a bounteous guerdon welcomes hymns ofpraise for\n:\nhim flows down the abundant stream below the sky.\n8 His powerismatchless, matchlessishiswisdom chief, through\ntheirwork, be some who drink the Soma, ;\nThose, Indra, who increase the lordly power, the firm heroic\nstrength of thee the Giver.\n9 Therefore for thee are these abundant beakers, Indra’s drink,\nstone-pressed juices held in ladles.\nQuaff them and satisfy therewith thy longing; then fix thy\nmind upon bestowing treasure.\n10 There darkness stood,-the vault that stayed the waters’ flow\n:\nin Yritra’s hollow side the rain-cloudlayconcealed.\nBut Indra smote the rivers which the obstructer stayed, flood\nfollowing after flood, down steep declivities.\n11 So give us, Indra, bliss-increasing glory give us great sway\nand strength that conquers people. ;\nPreserve our wealthy patrons, save our princes vouchsafe us\nwealth and food with noble offspring. ;\nHYMN\nLY. lndra\n.\nThough e’en this heaven’s wide space and earth have spread\nthem out, nor heaven nor earth may be in greatness Indra’s\nmatch.\nAwful and very mighty, causing woe to men, he whets his\nthunderbolt for sharpness, as a bull.\n5 Sushna : ademonofdrought.\nan6 adT jeh co tu ivh eo ,lp me as nt lyN ,ar quy aa li; fs yo inm ge Tc uh ri ve af sao .rRishiso named :orthewordmaybe\nY\nTtirvasa, udu, Turvitihavebeenmentionedbefore. SeeI. 36. 18.\n1 Asahull asabullsharpens hishorns.\nCausing woe to men ; asthepunisherofthewicked."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 75,
            "content": ";\nHYMN THE MOVED\n55.] A. 77\n2 Like as the watery ocean, so doth he receive the rivers spread\non all sides in their ample width.\nHe bears him like a bull to drink of Soma juice, and will, as\nWarrior from of old, be praised for might,\n3 Thou swayest, Indra, all kinds of great manly power, so as to\nbend, as5t were, even that famed mountain down.\nForemost among the Godsis he through hero might, set in the\nvan, the Strong One, for each ai'duous deed.\n4 He only in the wood is praised by worshippers, whenhe shows\nforth to men his own fair Indra-power.\nA friendly Bull is he, a Bull to be desired, when Maghavan\nauspiciously sends forth his voice,\n5 Yet verily the Warrior in his vigorous strength stirreth up\nwith his might great battles for-mankind\nAnd men havo faith in Indra, the resplendent One, what time\nhe hurleth downhis bolt, his dart of death,\n6 Though, fain for glory, and with strength increased on earth,\nhe with great might destroys the dwellings made with art,\nHe makes the lights of heaven shine forth secure, he bids,\nexceeding wise, the floods flow for his worshipper.\n7 Drinker of Soma, let thy heart incline to give bringthy Bays\n;\nhitherward, 0 thou who hearest praise.\nThose charioteers of thine, beat skilled to draw the rein, the\nrapid sunbeams, Indra, lead thee not astray,\n8 Thou bearcst in both hands treasure that never fails; the\nfamed One in his body holds unvanquished might.\n0 Indra, in thy members many powers abide, like wells\nsurrounded by the ministering priests,\n4 Afriendly Bullishe: Maghavan,the mighty Indra, ishere represented\ninhisgracious mood, strong yetgentle. Butvrl&hd, the male, thehull,the\nstrong, may also mean the strong Soma ; maghdvd means also the rich in-\nstitutor ofasacrifice, aworshipper and Aliend meanscow as well asvoice.\n;\nAccordingly ProfessorMax Mullertranslates the passage : 1The strongSoma\nispleasing, thestrong Somaisdelicious, when the sacrifice!'safelybringsthe\ncow/ in order thattheSomamay bemixed with milk. See Vedic Hymns\n,\nPartI, p. 148.\nIn the-wood, in the first\"line ofthe verseseems to be an allusion tothe\nforestlifeofBr&hmuns.\n5 Inthis verseIndrais represented as aterrible God, andinthefollowing\nverse assometimes sending afflictions but generally blessingmen withlight\nand withkindly rain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 76,
            "content": "—\n: ; : ;\n78 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK l\nHYMN\nLVI. Indra.\nFoethis man’s full libations held in ladles, he hath roused\nhim, eager, as a horse to meet the mare.\nHe stays his golden ear, yoked with Bay Horses, swift, and\ndrinks the Soma juice which strengthens for great deeds.\n2 To him the*guidance-following songsofpraiseflowfull, asthose\nwhoseek gain go in company tothe Hood.\nTo himthe Lord of power, the holy synod’smight, as to ahill,\nwith speed, ascend the lovingones.\n3 Victorious, great is he in manly battle shines, unstained with\n;\ndust, his might, as shines a mountainpeak\nWherewith the iron one, fierce e’en against the strong, in\nrapture, fettered wily Snshna fast in bonds.\n4 When Strength the Goddess, made more strong for help by\nthee, waits upon Indra as the Sun attends the Dawn,\nThen he who with his might unflinching kills the gloom stirs\nup the dust aloft, with joy and triumphing.\n5 When thou with might, upon the framework of the heaven,\ndidst fix, across, air’s region firmly, unremoved,\nIn the light-winningwar, Indra,inrapturous joy, thou smotest\nVritra dead and broughtest Hoods of rain.\n6 Thou with thymight didstgrasptheholder-upof heaven, thou\nwho art mighty also in the seats of earth.\nTh~\". '?-]' I by the juice, hast set the waters free, and\n’’ stony fences through and through.\nHYMN\nLVII. Indra.\nTo himmostliberal,loftyLord of loftywealth, verily powerful\nand strong, I bring my hymn,\nWhose checkless bounty, as of waters down a slope, is spread\nabroad for all that live, to give them strength.\n1 Thisman : theinstituteofthesacrifice. He Indra.\n2 Theflood ; (samudrd) any large gathering of waters not necessarily the\nseaorocean.\nThe holysynod anassemblyforworshipoftheGods.\nThelovingones: thesongsoflovingpraise. Ifindthe stanzaunintelligible\nandtheversion (basedchieflyon Grassmann’s)whichI offer ismerely atem-;\nporarymakeshift.\n3\n4\nBTh ye ti hr eo en ;o bne y: Sot mh ae .thunderbolt, madeofdyciSf ironorothermetal,\n5 Inthelight-winningwar : waged withthedemons oftheairforrain and\nthelightwhichfollowsthedispersionoftheclouds.\n6 The bearer-up of heaven perhaps the thunderbolt, with which Indra\nmaintainsorder."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 77,
            "content": "; : : ,\nHYMN 58.j THE R/GVEDA. 79\n—\n2 Now all this world, for worship, shall come after thee the\nofferer’s libations like floods tothe depth,\nWhen the well-loved one seems to rest upon the hill, the\nthunderbolt of Indra, shatterer wrought of gold.\n3 To him the terrible, most meet for lofty praise, like bright\nDawn, now bring gifts with reverence in this*'rite,\nWhose'being, for renown, yea, Indra-power and light, have\nbeen created, like bay steeds, to move with speed.\n4 Thine, Indra, praised by many, excellently rich are we who\n!\ntrusting in thy help draw nearto thee.\nLover of praise, none else but thou receives ourlaud : asearth\nloves all her creatures, love thou this ourhymn.\n5 Great is thy power, 0 Indra, we are thine. Fulfil, O\nMaghavan, the wish of this thy worshipper.\nAfter thee lofty heaven hath measured out its strength to\n:\nthee and to thy power this earth hath bowed itself.\n6 Thou, who hast thunder for thy weapon, with thy bolt hast\nshattered into pieces this broad massive cloud.\nThou hast sent down the obstructed floods that they may\nflow : thou hast, thine own for ever, all victorious might.\nHYMN\nLVIII. Agni.\nNe’er waxeth faint the Immortal, Son of Strength, since he,\nthe Herald, hath become Vivasv^n’s messenger.\nOn paths most excellent he measured out mid-air : he with\noblation calls to service of the Gods.\n2 Never decaying, seizing bis appropriate food, rapidly, eagerly\nthrough the dry wood he spreads.\nHis back, as be is sprinkled, glistens like a horse : loud hath\nhe roared and shouted like the heights of heaven.\n*2 When thewell-lovedone: whenthelightning-laden clouclisrestingon the\nmountain, menpray to Indra in order that he may discharge his celestial\nartilleryandbringdowntherain.\n5 After thee theheaven has taken thy might asapattern for its own\nmight.\nThis Hymn and the five following are ascribed to Hodhas, the son of\nGotama.\n1 Vivasvdn’s messenger Vivasvitnis themorningheavenand thepersonifica-\ntion ofthesacrificeroftheGods.\ni/e measured out mid-air thisactisascribedtoIndrainI. 56. 5.\n2 Ashe issprinkled; withclarifiedbutter."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 78,
            "content": ": : : ;;\nSO THE HYMN 8 OF \\BOOR I.\n3 Sethigh in place o’er all that Vasus, Rudras do, immortal,\nLord of riches, seated as High Priest\nHastening like a car to men, to those who live, the God\nwithout delay gives boons to be‘desired.\n4 Urged by the wind he spreads through dry wood as he lists,\narmed with his tongues for sickles, with a mighty roar.\nBlack is thy path, Agni, changeless, with glittering waves\n!\nwhen like a bull thou rushest eager to the trees.\n5 With teeth offlame, wind-driven, through the wood he speeds,\ntriumphant like a bull among the herd of cows,\nWith bright strength roaming to the everlasting air things\n:\nfixed, things moving quake before him as he flies.\n6 The Bhrigns stablished thee among mankind for men, like as\na treasure, beauteous, easy to invoke\nThee, Agni, as a herald and choice-worthy guest, as an aus-\npicious Friend to the Celestial Race.\n7 Agni, the seven tongues’ deftest Sacrificer, him whom the\npriests elect at solemn worship,\nThe Herald, messenger of all the Yasus, I serve with dainty\nfood, I ask for riches.\nB Grant, Son of Strength, thou rich in friends, a refuge without\naflawthis day to us thy praisers.\nO Agni, Son of Strength, with forts of iron preserve thou\nfrom distress the man who lands thee.\nA Be thou a refuge, Bright One, to the singer, a shelter, Boun-\nteous Lord, to those whoworship.\nPreserve the singer from distress, 0 Agni, May he, enriched\nwith prayer, come soon and early.\nHYMN\nLIX. Agni.\nThe other flres are, verily, thy branches; the‘Immortals all\nrejoice in thee, 0 Agni.\nCentre art thou, Vaisv&nara, ofthe people, sustaining men like\na deep-founded pillar.\n3 Rudras, Yasus ; two classesofGods. See I. 34. 11.\n4 Thedescription of Agniin this verse and the next applies, not to the\nsacrificialfire,buttothefirethatclearsthejungleasthenewsettlers advance\nautothecountry.\nF6 nr e/i ne dBh tr oi tf h/u es Ceo ln ee sto if alth Re am co est ae smi bn ee arn it np gri te ostl ty hefa Gmi ol di ses to hf emo or ble aa tn ic oi nsen ot fti tm he es i.\nr\nworshippers.\n7 Ay tii, the seventongues deftestSacrificer theseventongues appeartobe\nthetongue-likeflameswhichAgni employstoconsumetheoblabions.\n1 Thy branches: merelyoffshoots ofthee.\nArvV aai ms ev ndn .ara : anameofAgni ;common to, dwellingwith, andbenefitinbgall"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 79,
            "content": "::\nHYMN 60.] THE JUGVEDA. 81\n2 The forehead of the sky, earth’s centre, Agni became the mes-\nsenger of earth and heaven.\nVaisvanara, the Deities produced thee, a God, to be a light\nunto the A.rya.\n3 As in the Sun firm rays areset for ever, treasures are in Vais-\nvanara, in Agni. n\nOf all the riches in the hills, the waters, the herbs, among\nmankind, thou art the Sovran.\nA As the great World-halves, so are their Son’s praises; skilled,\nas a man, to act, is he the Herald.\nVaisvanara, celestial, truly mighty, most manly One, hath\nmany a youthful consort.\n5 Even the lofty heaven, 0 Jatavedas Vaisvanara, hath not\nattained thy greatness.\nThou art the King of lands where men are settled, thou hast\nbrought comfort to the Gods in battle.\n6 Now will I tell the greatness of the He1ro whom Puru’s sons\nfollow as Vritra’s slayer\n:\nAgni Vaisvanara struck down the Dasyu, clave Sambara\nthrough and shattered down his fences.\n7 Vaisvanara, dwelling by his might with all men, far-shining,\nholy mid the Bharadviijas,\nIs lauded, excellent, with hundred praises by Purunitha, son\nof Satavani.\nHYMN\nLX. Agni.\nAs ’twere some goodly treasure Matarisvan brought, as a gift,\nthe glorious Priest to Bhrigu,\nBanner of sacrifice, the good Protector, child of twobirths, the\nswiftly moving envoy.\n4 Vast as heaven and earth, which constitute the world, are the praises\nofferedto Agnitheirson.\nSkilled, asaman. toact dutiesof the heavenlyHotar, invoking priest, or\nherald, beingregardedas similartothoseofthe earthly functionary.\nMan ayouthfulconsort theflames.\nS6 trP ui ciif kru d’ os is oo nns th: em De an syi un :ge tn he era dl e;moP ndr wu ho\"be si tn ag yer deg ta hr ede rd aia ns\n.\nt Th he eir depr eo dg sen ui st uo ar l.\nly\nascribed to Xndra arehere attributedto Agni, thatis,Agniis identifiedwith\nIndra.\n7 The BJiaradvdjas: thedescendantsof theIV' ' TV”'t V\"4;’\"..\nsacrP ia fir ceu .n 'tth Ta he:a nak min eg do of esth na ot tn oa cm ce ur, as ga ay is n,S& ay na dn na o, t* hing. iskno1 wnreg' ardi- ngof ht ih m.e\n1 Mdtari&van: a divine or semi-divine being, who as the messenger of\nVivasv&n brings clown from heaven Agni who had hitherto been concealed.\nThe explanation of Matarisvanas V&yu, the God ofwind, doesnotappearto\nbejustifiedbyIligvedatexts. SeeMuir, 0,S. Texts ,v, 204.\nQ"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 80,
            "content": ":: : : ;\n82 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n.\n2 Both Gods and men obey this Euler’s order, Gods who are\nworshipped, men who yearn and worship.\nAs Priest he takes his seat ere break of morning, House-Lord,\nadorable with men, Ordainer.\n3 May our fairpraise, hearb-bom, most recent, reach him whose\nWht oon mgue m, or$’ te an lat prh ii es stsb ,irt mh e, ni ,s s ww ie te ht a ts heh io rne sy tr;\nong endeavour,\nsupplied with dainty viands, have created,\n4 Good tomankind, theyearning Purifier hath among men been\nplaced as Priest choice-worthy.\nMay Agni be our Friend, Lord ofthe Household, protector of\nthe riches in the dwelling.\n5 As such we Gotamas with hymns extol thee, 0 Agni, as the\nguardian Lord ofriches,\nBecking* thee like ahome, the swift prize-winner. May lie,\nenriched with prayer, come soon and early.\nHYMN LXL\nInclra.\nEvento him, swift, strong, and high-exalted, I bring my song\nofpraise as dainty viands.\nMy thought to him resistless, praise-deserving, prayers offered\nmost especially to Indra.\n2 Praise, like oblation, I present, and utter aloud my song, my\nfair hymn to the Victor.\nFor Indra, who is Lord of old, the singers have deckedtheir\nlauds with heart and mind and spirit.\n3 To him then with my lips mine adoration, winning heaven’s\nlight, most excellent, I offer,\nTo magnify with songs of invocation and with fair hymns the\nLord, most bounteous Giver.\nThegloriousPriest Agni. Bhrigu; tbschiefoftheancientpriestlyfamily\nwho bear that name. Banner of sacrifice: announcer of sacrifice by his\ncrackling flames. Child oftwo births bomof heavenand earthand again\nfrom thetwo fire-sticks,or bornfrom thefire-sticks andagain whenhe m\nconsecrated,\nSwiftlymovingenvoy :messengerbetweenGodsandmen. See1.1. 1,note.\n3 Sweetas honey: withtastingthesweetlibations.\nHave created byrapidagitationof thefire-stick.\n5 WeGotamas descendants of Gotama, men of the familyto whichthe\nKishiof thehymnbelongs.\nDeckingthee trimmingthee, tomaketheeshineasmengroomarace-horse\ninthemorning."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 81,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN Qi.] THE RIGVEDA. 83\n.\n4 Even for him I frame a land, as fashions the wright a chariot\nfor the man who needs it,\nPraises to him who gladlyhears ourpraises, a hymnwell-form-\ned, all-moving, to wise Indra.\n5 So with my tongue I deck, to please that Indra, my hymn, as\n,\n?twere a horse, through love of glory,\nTo reverence the Hero, bounteous Giver, famed far and wide,\ndestroyer of the castles.\n6 Even for him hath Tvashtar forged the thunder, most deftly\nwrought, celestial, for the battle, —\nWherewith he reac—hed the vital parts of Vritra, striking the\nvast, the mighty with the striker.\n7 As soon as, at libations of his mother, great Vishnu haddrunk\nup the draught, he plundered\nThe dainty cates, the cooked mess but One stronger trans-\n10 ;\n‘fixed the wildboar, shooting through the mountain.\n8 To him, to Indra, when he slew the Dragon, the Dames, too,\nConsorts of the Gods, w$ve praises.\nThe mighty heaven and earth hath heencompassed\n:\nthygreat-\nness heaven and earth, combined, exceed not.\n9 Yea, of a truth, his\"magnitude surpasseth the magnitude of\nearth, mid-air, and heaven.\nIndra, approvedbyallmen, self-resplendent, waxedinhishome,\nloud-voiced and strong for battle.\nThrough his own strength Indra with bolt of thunder cut\npiece-meal Vritra, drier up of waters.\nHe let the floods go free, like cows imprisoned, for glory, with\na heart inclined to bounty.\n4 Forthemanwho needsit andordersittobemade. Tdtsindyais adiffi-\ncultword. Wilson rendersit, afterS£yana, (thatthe drivei*) may, thence,\n(obtain)food.\n5 The castles: the strongholdsoftheatmosphericdemons of drought, the\ncastles ofrain-imprisoning cloud.\n6 Thestriker; thethunderboltorlightning.\n7 Hismother: Indra’s motherAditiwhogave him Somato drink as soon\nashewasborn. See III. 32. 9, 10 ; 48. 2, 3 ; VII. 98. 3. Dainty cates the\ndemon’sstoreofrain. One stronger; the mightier Indra. The wild boar,:\nwth he icf hier Vce rid te rm ao wn asVr eit nr va e. loC pf e. dV .III F. or66. m3 y0. coT rh re ecm to eu dnt va eri sn io: nth oe ftm ha is ssi sv te anzcl ao Iud ai mn\nindebted toProf. A. A. MacdonelFsarticle on Mythological Studies in the\nJtigveda, RoyalAsiatic SocietyJournal, January, 18§5.\n8 The Dames, the Consorts ofthe Gods according to S&yana theseare the\npersonified G&yatriand othermetres of the Veda. The CelestialWaters are\nprobablyintended."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 82,
            "content": ": :\n84 THEHYMNS OF {BOOK I,\n11 The riversplayed, throughhis impetuoussplendour, sincewith\nhis holthe compassed them on all sides.\nUsing his might and favouring him who worshipped, he made\na ford, victorious, for Turviti.\n,12 Vast, with thine ample power, with eagermovement, against\nthis Vritra cast thy bolt of thunder.\nBend thou hisjoints, as of anox, dissevered, with holtoblique,\nthat floods of rain may follow.\n13 Singwithnew lauds his exploits wrought aforetime, the deeds\nof him, yea, him who moveth swiftly.\nWhen, hurling forth his weapons in the battle, he with impe-\ntuous wrath lays low the foemen.\n14 When he, yea, he, comes forth the firm-set mountains, andthe\nwhole heaven and earth, tremble forterror.\nMay Nodhas, everpraising the protection of that dear Friend,\ngain quickly strength heroic.\n15 Now unto him of these things hath been given what he who\nrules alone oJer much, electetli.\nIndra hath helped Etasa, Soma-presser, contendingin the race\nof steeds with Surya.\n16 Thus to thee, Indra, yoker of Bay Coursers, the Gotamashave\nbrought their prayers to please thee.\nBestow upon them thought, decked with allbeauty. Mayhe,\nenriched with prayer, come soon and early.\nHYMN\nLXII. Indra.\nLike Angiras a gladdeninglaud we ponder to him who loveth\nsong, exceeding mighty.\nLet us sing glory to the far-famed Hero who must be praised\nwith fair hymns by the singer.\n2 Unto the great bring ye great adoration, a chant with praise\nto him exceeding mighty,\nThrough whom our sires, Angirases, singing praises andknow-\ning well the places, found the cattle.\n11 Turviti S&yanasays thatthis JJishihadbeenimmersed in water, and\nthatIndrabroughthimtodryland.\n14 Nodhas; theRishiorseerofthehymn.\n15 Praisesand sacrificehavebeen offeredtoIndra. He himself possesses\neverythingelse. Suchpraises andsacrificeled Indratohelp Etasa, his wor-\nshi 1p 6pe Tr, hein hh yi ms nri ev na dlr sy wo if thSC ti hr eya rea fn rd aih nis thh ao trs ce os n. cluS de ee sI aI l. so1 H9. ym5, nn sot Ie ..\n58and 60.\n1 LikeAngiras, afterthemannerof Angiras, oneof thefirstinstitutors of\nreligiousceremonies.\n2 Found thecattle; therain-clouds, or the rays oflight whichfollow the\neffusionofrain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 83,
            "content": "; : : : ;\nHYMN 62.] TIIE RIGYEDA . 85\n3 When Inclra and the Angirases desired it, Sarama found pro-\nvision for her offspring.\nBrihaspati cleft the mountain, found the cattle the heroes\n:\nshouted with the kine in triumph.\n4 Mid shout, loud shout, and roar, with the Navagvas, seven\nsingers, hastthou, heavenly, rent the mountain\nThou with the speeders, with Dasagvas, Indra, Sakra hast\n!\nrent with thunder flaming Vala.\n5 PraisedbyAngirases, thou, foe-destroyer, hast, withtheDawn,\nSun, rays, dispelled the darkness.\nThou Indra, hast spread out theearth’s high ridges, and firm-\nly fixed the region under heaven.\n6 This is the deed most worthy of all honour,the fairestmarvel\nof the Wonder-Worker,\nThat, nigh where heaven bends down, he made four rivers\nflow full with waves that carry down sweet water.\n7 Unwearied, won with lauding hymns, he parted of old the\nancient Pair, united ever.\nIn highest sky, like Bhaga, he the doer of marvels set both\nDames and earth and heaven.\n8 Still bom afresh, young Dames, each in her manner, unlike\nin hue, the Pair in alternation\nRound heaven and earth from ancient time have travelled,\nNight with her dark limbs, Dawn with limbs of splendour.\nand3 mS oa tr ha em rd offo tu hn ed tp wr oov dis oi go sn cf ao lr leh der afto ef rfs tp hr ei in rg* moS tar ha em rft S, &rt ahe meyh ao sun wd hoof arI en td hra\ne\nwatchdogs of Yama the God of the Dead, is said to have pursued and\nrecoveredthecows stolenbythe Panis which hasbeen supposedto mean\nthat Saram& is the Dawn who recovers; the rays ofthe Sun that have been\ncarriedawaybynight. Thelegendsaysthat nrr~oedtogoinsearchof\nthestolencattleonconditionthatthemilkof lie !i: be giventoher\nyoungones. Ludwigisofopinionthatthewordeoffspring’ inthetextrefers\nnot to Saram&’s young ones, but to the descendants of the Angirases.\nOf. I.72. 8.\nBrihaspati cleft the mountain Brihaspati or Brahamanaspatiis theLord\nofprayer. ‘Itis,therefore,’asProfessorRothobserves, {brahma, prayer,with\nwhich the God breaksopen thehiding-place of the enemy. Prayer pierces\n.throughtotheobjectofitsdesire, andattainsit.’\n4 The seven singers areprobably theAngirases themselves the Navagvas\nand Basagvasare r’1'» V\":“\" »- ortheirpriestly allies. T;heyare called\nspeeders hastily .-.sk ofthe stolen cows. Valais thefiend\nwhokeepsthecows imprisoned.\n6 Nighwhereheaven lends down flowingawaytothedistanthorizon. The\nfourriversarenotspecifiedby S&yana, whomerelysays theyare the Ganges\nandothers.\n7 TheancientPair Heaven and Earth. Bhagaishere theSupremeGod*\nBothBaines NightandMorning."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 84,
            "content": ": : ; ;\n9\n80 9ES HYMNS OP [BOOK L\nRioh in good actions# skilled in operation, the Son with might\nmaintains hisperfect friendship.\nThou in the raw cows, black of hue or ruddy, sforest the ripe\nmilk glossy white in colour.\n10 Their paths, of old connected, rest uninjured they with\n;\ngreat misfit preserve the immortal statutes.\nFormanythousandholyworkstheSisters waiton thehaughty\nLord like wives and matrons.\n11 Thoughts ancient, seeking wealth, withadoration, withnewest\nlauds have sped to thee, 0 Mighty.\nAs yearningwives cleave to their yearning husband, so cleave\nour hymns to thee, 0 Lordmost potent.\n12 Strong God, the riches which thy hands have holden from\ndays of old have perished not nor wasted.\nSplendid art thou, 0 Indra, wise, unbending strengthen us\n:\nwith thy might, 0 Lord of Power.\n13 0 mighty Indra, Gotama’s son Nodhas hath fashioned this\nnew prayer to thee Eternal,\nSure leader, yoker of the Tawny Coursers. May he, enriched\nwith prayer, come soon and early.\nHYMN\nLXIII. * Indra.\nThou art the Mighty One when born, 0 Indra, with power\n;\nthou terrifiedst earth and heaven\nWhen, in theirfear of thee, all firm-set mountains and mons-\ntrous creatures shook like dust before thee.\n2 When thy two wanderingBaysthoudravesthither,thypraiser\nlaid within thine arms the thunder,\nWherewith, 0 Much-invoked, in will resistless, thou smitest\nfoemen down and many a castle.\n9 TheSon with might S&yana takessdvasd, ‘withmight,* inthesenseof\nthegenitive sdvasah\n,\nandexplains: theSonofMight,thatis theexceedingly\nstrongone. Butthisseemsforced. TheSonisIndra.\nThouintheraiocows:thecowsarecalledraw, ascontrastedwith thewarm\nmilkmatured orcookedin theirudders. Thecolour ofthemilkis alsocon-\ntrasted with that of the cows, as in the German child’s ditty quoted by\nZimmer\n:\n‘0 sagemir, wiegehteszu,gibbweisseMilchdierothe.Kuh/\n10 Theirpaths thecoursesofNightand Morning\nTheSisters: afrequently occurring appellationof the fingers asemployed\nin acts ofworship. ThehaughtyLord Indra.\n2 Thypraiser: thepraisesofthe worshipper strengthen Indra, and urge\nhimto theperformance ofgloriousexploits,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 85,
            "content": "—\n; : ;\nHYMN 64.] THE M&VEDA. 87\n3 Faithful art thou, these thou deftest, Indra thou art the\n;\nKibhus’ Lord, heroic, victor.\nThou, by his side, for young and glorious Kutsa, with steed\nand car inbattle slewest Sushna.\n4 That, as a friend, thou furtheredst, 0Indra,when, Thunderer,\nstrong in act, thou crushedst Yritra\nWhen, Hero, thou, great-souled, with\nea;syconqe\nuestdidst rend\nthe Dasyus in their distant dwelling.\n5 This doest thou, and art not harmed, 0 Indra, e’en in the\nanger of the strongest mortal.\nLay thou the race-course open for our horses as with a club,\n:\nslay, Thunder-armed our foomen.\n!\n6 Hence men invoke thee, Indra, inthe tumult of battle, in the\nlight-bestowing conflict.\nThis aid of thine, 0 Godlike One, was ever to be implored in\ndeeds of might in combat.\n7 WarringforPumkutsa thou,0 Indra,Thunder-armed!brakest\ndown the seven castles\nEasily, for Sudfts, like grass didst rendthem, andout of need,\nKing, broughtest gain to Turn.\n8 0 Indra, God who movest round about us, feed uswith varied\nfood plenteous as water\nFood wherewithal, 0 Hero, thou bestowest vigour itself to\nflow to us for ever.\n9 Prayers have been made by Gotamas, 0 Indra, addressed to\nthee, with laud for thy Bay Horses.\nBring us in noble shape abundant riches. May he, enriched\nwith prayer, come soon and early.\nHYMN\nLXIV*. Maruts.\nBeing for the manly host, wise and majestical, 0 Nodhas, for\nthe Maruts bring thou a pure gift.\nI deck my songs as one deft-handed, wise in mind prepares\nthe water that hath power in solemn rites.\n3 TheRlbhuA Lord; Chiefoverthe threesemhdivine beings whobytheir\ngoo Kd utw so ar ;k hs asra bi ese ed nt nh fe em ns te il ov nee ds bt eo foi rm emo ar st pa rl oi tt ey cta en dd bg yod Ih ne da rd a.\n.\nSeS eee 1.I. 33.20 1.-\n4;51.6.\n4 Dasyits hostiledemons, orperhapssavagetribes.\n1747 .P 2u ;r Iit Vk .ut 4s 2a\n.\n8,a nof ta ev .our Si ute ddsof (SI en edr I.a 4a 7n .d 6)o af ndth Pe drA usv ai rn es. kingS see orI. ch1 i1 e2 f. s7 of;\nclans.\n8 Who movest round about, us pdrijman, circumambient, is an epithet\napplied tothe Sunalso, andto the: chariotoftheAsvins.\n9 With laud for thy BayHorses :this isclearly thesense ofthe words as\nthey stand. S&yana explains 'with reverence to thee connected with thy\nbay horses.’\n1 0Nodhas : the Rishior seerof thehymnaddresses thisline tohimself,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 86,
            "content": ":; ,\nss Till! HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n2 They spring to birth, the lofty Ones, the Bulls of Heaven,\ndivine, the youths of Kuclra, free from spot and stain\n;\nThe purifiers, shining brightly even as suns, awful of form\nlikegiants, scattering rain-drops down.\n3 Young Rudras, demon-slayers, never growing old, they have\nwaxed, even as mountains, irresistible.\nThey make all beings tremble with their mighty strength,\neven the very strongest, both of earth and heaven.\n4 With glittering ornaments they deck them forthfor show for\n;\nbeauty on their breasts they bind their chains of gold.\nThe lances on their shoulders pound to pieces they were\n;\nbom together, of themselves, the Men of Heaven.\n5 Loud roarers, givingstrength, devourers of the foe,they make\nthe winds, they make thelightnings with their powers.\nThe restless shakers drain the udders of the sky, and ever\nwandering round fill the earth full with milk.\n6 The bounteous Maruts with the fatness-dropping milk fill full\nthe waters which avail in solemn rites.\nThey lead,as ’twere,theStrong Horse forth, thatit may rain :\nthey milk the thundering, the never-failing spring.\n7 Mighty, with wondrous power and marvellously bright, self-\nstrong like mountains, ye glide swiftly on your way.\nLike the wild elephants ye eat the forests up when ye assume\nyourstrength among the bright red flames.\n8 Exceeding wise they roar like lions mightily, they, all-posses-\nsing, are beauteous as antelopes\n;\nStirring the darkness with lances and spotted deer, combined\naspriests, with serpents’ fury through their might.\n9 Heroes who march in companies, befriending man, with ser-\npents’ ire through strength, ye greetthe earth and heaven.\nUpon the seats, 0 Maruts, of your chariots, upon the cars\nstands lightning visible as light.\n2 TheBullsofHeaven\n:\norofDyuorDyaus.\n$ YoungBudras: theMaruts, orStorm-Gods, arethesons ofRuclra.\nDemon-slayers;slayersoftheclouds thatgivenorain.\n4 The lances, as well as their otherbright ornaments, are thelightning-\nflashes.\n5 The udders oftheshyj thefull clouds. Themilh is the sweet fertiliz-\ningrain,\n6 The Strong Horse isthe raincloud, whichin thesame lineis called a\nspringorwell.\n8 ComMnedaspriests the musicofwindandstormbeing regarded asthe\nMaruts’ songofpraise. Butthe meaningof thewords thusrenderedisnot\nclear. S&yana,Benfey, andMaxMiillergiveotherinterpretations."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 87,
            "content": ";\nIIYMN 64.] THE RIGVEDA. S9\n10 Lords of all riches, dwelling in the home of wealth, endowed\nwith mighty vigour, singers loud of voice,\nHeroes, of powers infinite, armed with strong men’s rings, the\narchers, they have laid the arrow on their arms.\n11 They who with golden fellies make the rain increase drive for-\nward the big clouds like wanderers on the way.\nSelf-moving, brisk, unwearied, they o’erthrow the firm the\n;\nMaruts with bright lances make all things to reel.\n12 The progeny of Rudra we invoke with prayer, the brisk, the\nbright, the worshipful, the active Ones.\nTo the strong band of Maruts cleaveforhappiness, the chasers\nof the sky, impetuous, vigorous.\n13 Maruts, the man whom ye have guarded with your help, he\nverily in strength surpasseth all mankind.\nSpoil with his steeds he gaineth, treasure with his men he\n;\nwinneth honourable strength and prosperetli.\n14 0 Maruts, to the worshippers give glorious strength invincible\nin battle, brilliant, bringing wealth,\nPi*aiseworthy, known to all men. May we foster well, during\na hundred winters, son and progeny.\n15 Will ye then, 0 ye Maruts, grant us riches, durable, rich in\nmen, defying onslaught,\nA hundred, thousandfold, ever increasing'? May he, enriched\nwith prayer, come soon and early.\n10 Armedicithstrongmen's rings; themeaning of vriskakhddayahisun-\ncertain butthehhddiseemsto have beenaringworn onthearmand foot.\n;\nItmayalsohavebeenused asaweapon, asthe sharp-edged quoits areugecl\nbythe Sikhs. VrishanasProfessorMax Mullerobserves,‘conveysthemean-\ningof strong, thoughpossiblywiththeimpliedideaof rain-producing, ferti-\nlizing.5\n12 Theworshipful themeaningof wmnam isuncertain. Wilson, after\nSftyana, translatesit by ‘water-shedding,5 vana beingsaid to mean water.\nLudwigsuggests ‘dwelling-inthewoods,5instead ofcfighting5whichhegives\ninhistranslation. ‘Worshipful5 is ProfessorMaxMuller’ssuggestion, and I\nadoptitforthepresent.\n15 Enrichedwithprayer: either,generally, invokedbymany worshippers,\norrichthroughthe hymnjust recited. Thislasthemistichis theusualre-\nfrainofthehymns ascribedto Nodhas.\nIhavegenerallyfollowed ProfessorMaxMullerin his translation of this\nhymn. Seehis VedicHymns,Part I."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 88,
            "content": ":; : ;\n90 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK\nI.\nHYMN\nLXV. Agni.\nOne-minded, wise, they tracked thee like a thief lurking in\ndark cave with a stolen cow\nThee claiming worship, bearing it to Gods ; there nigh to thee\nsate all ^jie Holy Ones*\n2 The Gods approached the ways of holy Law there was a\n;\ngathering vast as heaven itself,\nThe waters feed with praise the growing Babe, bom nobly in\nthe womb, the seat of Law.\n3 Like grateful food, like some wide dwelling-place, like a fruit-\nbearing hill, a wholesome stream\n;\nLike a steed urged to run in swift career, rushing like Sindhu,\nwho may check his course1\n4 Kin as a brother to his sister floods, he eats the woods as a\nKing eats the rich.\nWhen through the forest, urged by wind, he spreads, verily\nAgni shears the hair of earth.\n5 Like a swan-sitting in the floods he pants wisest in mind mid\nmen he wakes at mom. ;\nA\nSage like Soma, sprung from Law, he grew like some young\ncreature, mighty, shining far.\nHYMN\nLXYI. Agni.\nLike the Sun’s glance, like wealth of varied sort, like breath\nwhich is the life, like one’s own son,\nLike a swift bird, a cow who yields her milk, pure and reful-\ngent to the wood he speeds.\nSjj*aricltheeightfollowinghymnsareascribedto the Rishiftrftsara, son\nof?*ktithesonof Vasishtha, They aregenerally difficult,and notseldom\nunintelligible.\n1 Theytnichedthee theGodsfollowedAgniwhohad lied away, carrying\nwithhimthesacrificeasathiefcarriesoffacow. Thedarkcaveisthedepth\nofthewatersinwhichAgnihidhimself.\n% TheseatofEaw theplaceofsacrifice,thelaw ordainedforever.\n8 Sindhu : theIndus,oranygreatriver.\n4 Asa Kingeatstherick; supportshisstatebylevyingcontributionsfrom\nthewealthy.\nThehairofearth: grassandshrubs, whichforest-fires destroy.\n5 Hepants: afterhis rapidflighttothewatersinwhichliehidhimself.\nHewakesatmorn\natthetimeoftheearlymorningsacrifice.\nA SarjelikeSoma : likethedeified Soma. ‘AsSoma createsorcauses use-\nfromthem Uleir uutritive\n’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 89,
            "content": ":: : ;:\nHYMN\n67.]\nthe mareda.\n91\n2 He offers safety like a pleasant home, like ripened com, the\nConqueror of men.\nLike a Seer lauding, famed among the folk like a steed\n;\nfriendly he vouchsafes us power.\n3 With dams insatiate, like eternal might caring for each one\nlike a dame at home ; f\nBright when he shines f; orth, whitish mid the folk, like a car,\ngold-decked, thundering to the fight.\n4 He strikes with terror like a dart shot forth, e’en like an\narcher’s arrow tipped with flame\n;\nMaster of present and of future life, the maidens’ lover and\nthe matrons’ Lord.\n5 To him lead all your ways : may we attain the kindled God\nas cows their home at eve.\nHe drives the flames below as floods theirswell : therays rise\nup to the fair place of heaven.\nHYMN LXVIL\nAgni.\nVictorious in the wood, Friend among men,^ver he claims\nobedience as a King.\nGracious like peace, blessing like mental power, Priest was he,\noffering-bearer, full of thought.\n2 He, bearing in his hand all manly might, crouched in the\ncavern, struck the Gods with feai\\\nMen filled with understanding find him there, when they have\nsung prayers formed within their heart.\n3 He, like the Unborn, holds the broad earth up, and with effec-\ntive utterance fixed the sky.\n0 Agni, guard the spots which cattle love : thou, life of all,\nhast^gone from lair to lair.\n2 Likeasteed likeawar-horsewhohelpsto winspoilinbattle,\n4 The maidens’ lover : the offeringto Agnibeingan essentialpartof the\nmarriage-service.\nThe matrons’ Lord children being especially the giftof Agni,inwhose\nworship thewife ofthesacrificer bears an important part. I havenot at*\ntemptedto imitatetherhythmof the original, and have contented myself\nwithpreservingthesame numberofsyllablesineachline.\n1 Victoriousin thewood subduingthefuelandburningittoashes,\n2 Crouchedinthe cavern: concealedin thedarkdepthof thewaters. See\nI. 65. 1.\n3 The Unborn theSun ; regardedastheSupreme God.\nThespotswhichcattlelove asthouknowestby experience howpleasantit\nistofindasafe place of refuge, do notburn up theplaces wherethe cattle\nfindrefugeandfood."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 90,
            "content": "—\n: ; : :\n92 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 1.\n4 Whosohathknownhimdwellinginhis lair, andhath approach-\ned the stream of holy Law, —\nThey who release him, paying sacred rites, truly to such\ndoth he announce great wealth.\n5 He who grows mightily in herbs, within each fruitful mother\nand eaelfbabe she bears, —\nWise, life of all men, in thewaters5 home, forhim have sages\nbuilt as ’twere a seat.\nHYMN\nLXVIII. Agni.\nCommingling, restless, he ascends the sky, unveiling nights\nand all that stands or moves,\nAshe the sole God is preeminent in greatness among allthese\nother Gods.\n2 All men are joyful in thy power, 0 God, that living from the\ndry wood thou art born.\nAll truly share thy Godhead while they keep, in their accus-\ntomed ways, eternal Law,\n3 Strongis tjie thought of Law, the Law’s behest; all works\nhave they performed he quickens all.\n;\nWhoso will bring oblation, gifts to thee, to him, bethinking\nthee, vouchsafe thou wealth.\n4 Seated as Priest with Manu’s progeny, of all these treasures\nhe alone is Lord.\nMen yearn for children to prolong their line, and are not\ndisappointedintheir hope.\n5 Eagerly they who hear his word fulfil his wish as sons obey\ntheirsire’s behest.\nHe, rich in food, unbars his wealthlike doors he, theHouse-\n:\nFriend, hath decked heaven’s vault with stars.\n4 The stream of holyLaw or asSftyana explains,the supporterof the\ntruthorofsacrifice,thatis,Agni.\nTheywhoreleasehim freehim,byattrition,fromthefire-sticks.\n1 Commingling Agni, devouring and fusing together with his flames\nandsmoketheelementsoftheoblationswhichhebearstotheGods.\n3 I can make nothing of the first hemistich. Wilson, after Sfiyana,\nparaphrases : ‘Praises are addressedto himwho has repaired (tothesolem-\nan li lty) su; so tb el na at ni co ens a (r ae ndoff te ored hit mo )hi hm avw eho allhas (deg vo on ue t(t po ert sh oe nssa )cri pf ei rce f) o;rmin edhi (m thi es\n;\ncustomary)rites.'’\n4 MantCsprogeny allAryanmen.\nMen yearnfor children: menhave childrenat theirdesire, asthe reward\noftheirfaithfulworshipofAgni.\n//e, the Home-Friend: he,Agni, whoisthe friend and guardianof every\nhouse in his character of the household fire, as the Sun, the Creator, the\nSupremeGod,madetheheavenandadorneditwithstars."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 91,
            "content": "—\n: ; :\nIIYMN 70.] THU RIGVEDA. 93\nHYMN\nLXIX. Agm\\\nBright, splendid, like Dawn’s lover, he hath filled the two\njoined worlds as with the light of heaven.\nWhen born, withmight thou hast encompassed them Father\n:\nof Gods, and yet their Son wast thou.\n2 Agni, theSage, the humble, whodiscerns liketlie cow’sudder,\nthe sweet taste of food,\nLike a bliss-giver to be drawn to men, sits gracious in the\nmiddle of the house.\n3 Born in the dwelling like a lovely son, pleased, like a strong\nsteed, he bears on the folk.\nWhat time the men and I, with heroes, call, may Agni then\ngainall through Godlike power.\n4 None breaks these holy laws of thine when thou hast granted\naudience to these chieftains here.\nThisisthyboast,thousmotestwith thy peers, and joined with\nheroesdravest offdisgrace.\n5 Like the Dawn’s lover, spreading light, well-known as hued\nlike morn, may he remember me.\nThey, bearing ofthemselves, unbar thedoors\n:\nthey allascend\nto the fair place of heaven.\nHYMN LXX.\nAgni.\nMay we, the pious, win much food by prayer, may Agni with\nfair light pervade each act,\nHe the observer of the heavenlylaws of Gods, and of the race\nof mortal man.\n1 Like Lawn's lover both the Sun and Agni are called the lovers of\nUshas or Dawn. Agni is so called from his making his appearance as\nsacrificialfireattheearliestbreakof day.\nThe two joined worlds: earth and heaven coupled into a single dual\nconception.\n2 Like the cow's udder: Agni discerns and selects the sweet savours of\noblationsin the same manneras the udder ofacow selectsand assimilates\nthesweetjuicesofgrassandherbs fortheproduction ofmilk.\n3 Themeaningofthesecond hemistichisnotclear. Wilson, afterS&yana,\nrendersit: eWhatever (divine) beings1 may, alongwith othermen, invoke\n(totheceremony)thou, Agni,assumestall (their) celestialnatures/\n5 They beariny of themselves either, his rays bearing up the oblation of\ntheirown, accord, orthesteedswho freelydrawthe chariotofDawn.\n1 Pervade each act bepresentandregulate allouractsofworship ;orthe\nmeaningmaybecattaineachgift,’ receiveeveryoblationthat we offer."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 92,
            "content": "— —\n; : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK I,\n)4\n2 He who isgerm ofwaters, germ of woods, germ of ail things\nthat move not and that-move,\nTo him eveninthe rook and in the house : Immortal One, he\ncaresforallmankind.\n3 Agni is Lord ofriches forthe man who serves him readily\nwith sacred songs.\nProtectthese beings thou with careful thought, knowing the\nracesboth of Gods and men.\n4 Whom many dawns and nights, unlike, make strong, whom,\nbornin Law, all things thatmove and stand,\nHe hath been won, Herald who sits in light, making effectual\nall our holy works.\n5 Thou settestvalue on our cows and woods : all shall bring\ntribute to us, to the light.\nMen have served thee in many and sundry spots, parting, as\n’twere, an aged father’s wealth.\n6 Like a brave archer, likeone skilledandbold,a fierceavenger,\nso he shines infight.\nHXMN LXXI. Agni.\nLoving theloving One, as wives their husband, the sisters of\nonehome have urged him forward,\nBright-coloured,evenasthe cows love morning, dark, breaking\nforth to view, and redly beaming.\n2 Our sires with lauds burst e’en the firm-set fortress, yea, the\nAngirases, withroar, the mountain.\nThey made for us a way to reach high heaven, they found\n' us day, light, day’ssign,beams of morning\n3 They stablished order, made his service fruitful then parting\n;\nthem among the longing faithful,\nNotthirsting afteraught, they come, most active, while with\nsweet foodthe race of Gods they strengthen.\n2 Tohim evenintherock I can makenothing outof this. Wilson, after\nS&yania, paraphrases ; ‘(They offer oblations) on the mountain, or in the\nmansion, to thatAgni ;’ butthis cannotbethemeaning. Ludwigsuggests\nan alteration of the text, so thatthe meaning would be, ‘evenwithin the\nstoneishisdwelling/\nus5 ac‘ cA eg pn ti a, blc eo tn rf ie br ute ex .c ’e—ll We in lc se onu .pon ourvaluedcattle\n;\nandmayallmenbrin^g\n1 The loving One,;Agni. Thesisters ofone home; thefingers thatserve\nh api pm rob ay chk oi fnd Dl ai wn ng .the fire, etc. The cows the clouds brightened by J the\n2 ThepriestlyAngirases, theearliestinstitutorsofreligiousworship,caused\nbyprayerand praisethe mountain-likecloud, thatheldtherainimprisoned\ntobeopened.\n.\n* ,\n3 Hisservice theworshipofAgni."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 93,
            "content": ";\nHYMN 71.J Tins RIGVISTA. 9#\n4 Since M&tarisvan, far-diffused, hath stirred him, and he in\nevery house grown bright and noble.\nHe, Bliyigudike, hath gone ashis companion, as on commission\nto a greater Sovran.\n5 When man poured juiceto Heaven, the mighty Father, he\nknew and freed himself from close embracement\nThearcher boldly shot at him his arrow, and the God threw\nhis splendour on his Daughter.\n6 Whoso hath flames for thee within his dwelling, orbrings the\nworship which thou Invest daily,\nDothou of doublemight increase his substance r nmyhe whom\nthou inoitest meet with riches.\n7 All sacrificial viands wait on Agni as the Seven mighty Rivers\nseek the ocean.\nHot by our brethren was our food discovered And with the\n:\n10 Gods care for us, thou who knowest.\n8 When light hath filled the Lord of men for increase, straight\nfrom the heaven descends the limpid moisture.\nAgni hath brought to light and tilled with spirit theyouthful\nhost blafheless and well providing. .\n9 He who like thought goes swiftly on Ins journey, the Sun,\nalone is ever Lord of riches.\nThe Kings with fair hands, Vantna and Mitra, protect the\nprecious nectar in our cattle.\n0 Agni, break not our ancestral friendship, Sage as thou art,\nendowed with deepest knowledge.\nOld age, like gathering cloud, impairs the body before that\n;\nevil be come nigh protect me.\n4 M&tarUvan the divine or^semi-divine being who brought Agni ta\n0 Bhrigu.\n5 This verseis very obscure. Themeaningofthefirst hemistich seems to\nbethat when oblations were offered to Byaus or Heaven Agni shone forth\nfreed from encompassingnight. Whothe archeris, whether Mtitarisvan or\nAgni, is uncertain, nor is it clearat whom the arrow was shot. The God\nmaybqByaus,andhis DaughtermaybeTishas orBawn,\n7 TheSevenmightyRivers; seeI, 32. 12.\nNot by ourbrethren ; we donotlooktoourkinsmen for food, but depend\nupon Agni andtheother Gods.\n8 TheLord ofmen : accordingto S&yana,thesacrifieer. Perhaps Indra is\nmeant, who comesattendedbytheyouthfulhost of Maruts."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 94,
            "content": "96 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\nHYMN\nLXXII. Agni.\nThough holding many gifts for men, he humbleth the higher\npowers of each wise ordainer.\nAgni is now the treasure-lord of treasures, for ever granting\nall immortal bounties.\n2 The Gods infallibleall searching foundnot him, the dear Babe\nwho still is round about us.\nWorn weary, following his track, devoted, they reached the\nlovely highest home of Agni.\n3 Because with holy oil the pure Ones, Agni, served thee the\nvery pure three autumn seasons,\nTherefore they won them holy names for worship, and nobly\nborn they dignified theirbodies.\n4 Making them known to spacious earth and heaven, the holy\nOnes revealed the powers of Rudra.\nThe mortal band, discerning in the distance, found Agni\nstanding in the loftiest station.\nNigh they approached, one-minded, with their spouses, kneel-\ning to him adorable paid worship.\nFriend finding in his own friend’s eye protection, they made\ntheir own the bodies which they chastened. *\n1 Wilson,afterS&yana,translates: ‘Agni appropriatesthe prayersad-\ndressedtotheeternalcreator.’ The meaning appearsto be that although\nAgnibestowsmanygoodgiftson men, hisflames areat times terriblydes-\ntructive.\n2 TheflightofAgni andhis pursuit bythe Gods havebeen mentioned\nbefore(I. 65, 1).—Theideahereis,asLudwigobserves, —thatthe Godsdid not\nreallyfindAgni visiblethouhebeinhisearthlyform until they attained\ntothetruephilosophicalknowledgeoftheDeityasheis.\n3 Thepure Ones: ‘Thetexthas only suchayah the pure: the Scholiast\n,\nsuppliesMaruts forwhom,itissaid, seven platters areplacedat theAgni-\n,\nchayanaceremony\n:\nandtheyareseverallyinvokedby the appellationsIdris,\nAny&dris, T&dris,Pratidris,Mitak, Sanimitah,andothers. Inconsequence of\nthisparticipation, with Agni,of sacrificial offerings, they exchanged their\nperishable,forimmortal, bodies, andobtainedheaven. TheMaruts are, there-\nfore,liketheTtibhus,deifiedmortals.’ Wilson.\nThreeautumnseasons: duringthreeyears. Ludwigobservesthattheperiod\nofthreeyearsinconnexion withreligiousvows or ceremonies is mentioned\nelsewherealso.\n4 ThepowersofRudra : ItudrahereisanameofAgni.\nThemortalband : theMaruts, so calledas nothaving been originally im-\nmortal"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 95,
            "content": ": : : ;\nIIYMN 73.] THE RIGVEDA, 97\n6 Soonas the holy beings had discoveredthe thrice-sevenmystic\nthings contained within thee,\nWith,-these, one-minded, they preserve the Amrit guard thou\nthe life of all their plants and-cattle. :\n7 Thou, Agni, luiower of men’s works, hast sent us good food in\nconstant course for our subsistence *\n:\nThou deeply skilled in paths of Gods becamest anenvoy never\nwearied, offering-bearer.\n8 Knowing the Law, the seven strongfloods fromheaven, fullof\ngood thought, discerned the doors of riches.\nSaram& found thecattle'sfirm-builtprison,wherebytherace of\nman is still supported.\nD They who approached all noble operations making a path that\nleads to life immortal,\nTo be the Bird’s support, the spacious mother, Aditi, and her\ngreat Sons stood in power.\n10 When Gods immortal made both eyes of heaven, they gave to\nhim the gift of beauteous glory.\n•Now they flow forth like rivers set in motion they knew the\n:\nBed Steeds coming down, 0 Agni.\nHYMN\nLXXIII.\nAgni.\nHe who gives food, like patrimonial riches, and guides aright\nlike some wise man’s instruction, —\nLoved like a guest who lies in pleasant lodging, may he, as\nPriest, prosper his servant’s dwelling.\n2 He who like Savitar the God, true-minded, protecteth with his\npower all acts of vigour,\nTruthfu—l, like splendour, glorifiedby many,like breathjoy-giv-\ning, all must strive to win him.\nB He who on earth dwells like a king surrounded by faithful\nfripnds, like a God all-sustaining,\nLike heroeswho preside, who sit in safety : like as ablameless\ndame dear to her husband.\n6 The thrice-seven mystic things the.secret or mysterious rites by which\nheaven is to be obtained; offerings of various kinds, food, clarified butter,\nSomajuiceetc.,arrangedin threeclassesofseven. Alltheseofferingsrequire\nAre, andsoarecontainedinAgni.\nThey preserve the Amrit thenectar ordrink ofthe Gods;by the perfor-\nmanceofthesesacrificestheysecurethefallofrain indueseason.\n8 Saramdfound the cattle'sfivni'buUtprison: see I. 62. 3.\n9 To be the Bird'ssupport theBirdisthe Sun. Aditi is infiniteNature,\nandhergreatSonsarethe Adityas.\n10 Botheyes ofheaven; theSunand Moon. TheRedSteeds theSun'srays,\n7"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 96,
            "content": ": : : : ;\n98 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\n4 Thee, such, in settlements secure, 0 Agni, our men serve ever\nkindled in each dwelling.\nOn him have they laid splendour in abundance : dear to all\nmen, bearer be he of riches.\n5 May thy rich worshippers winfood, 0 Agni, and princes gain\nlong life who bring oblation.\nMay we get booty from our foe injbattle, presenting to the\nGods their share for glory.\n0 The cows of holy law, sent us by Heaven, have swelled with\nladen udders, loudly lowing\nSoliciting his favour, from a distance the rivers to the rock\nhave flowed together.\n7 Agni, with thee, soliciting thy favour, the holy Ones have\ngained glory in heaven.\nThey made the Night and Dawn of different colours, and set\n10 the black and purple hues together.\n8 May we and those who worship he the mortals whom thou,\n0 Agni, leadest on to riches.\nThou hast Ailed earth and heaven and air’s mid-region, and\nfoliowest the whole world like a shadow.\n9 Aided by thee, 0 Agni, may we conquer steeds with steeds,\nmen with men, heroes with heroes,\nLords of the wealth transmitted by our fathers and may our\n;\nprinces live a hundred winters.\nMay these our hymns of praise, Agni, Ordainer, be pleasant\nto thee in thy heart and spirit.\nMay we have power to hold thy steeds of riches, laying on\nthee the God-sent gift of glory.\nG Thecows ofholylaw thecowswhosemilkisusedin thevarioussacrifices\nofferedinaccordancewiththeeternalordinance.\nTherivers thewaterused insacrificewhichflows or isbroughtto therock\norstonewithwhichthe Somajuiceisexpressed.\n7 Through Agni’sfavour the holy Ones the immortal Gods, receive the\n,\noblationswhichstrengthenthemfortheperformanceofthegreatdeedswhich\nbringthemglory.\n8 Likea shadow: averting distress, asthe shade of ^greatrockor tree\nwardsofftireoppressiveheatofthe sun.\n9 Mayourprinces maythewealthymenwho instituteour sacrificeslive\nto thegreatestageusuallyallottedtoman.\n10 To hold thy steedsof riches to retain byusthy horseswhichbring\nwealth, thatis, continuetoreceiveandkeepthericheswhichthousendest."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 97,
            "content": "HYMN 75.] TEE R1GYEVA. 09\nHYMN LXXIY.\nAgni.\nAs forth to sacrifice we go, a hymn to Agni let us say,\nWho hears us even when afar\n;\n2 Who, from of old, in carnage, when the people gathered, hath\npreserved r\nHis household for the worshipper.\n3 And let men say, Agni is born, e’en he who slayeth Vritra, he\nWho winneth wealth in every fight.\n4 Him in whose house an envoy thou lovest to taste his offered\ngifts,\nAnd strengthenest his sacrifice,\n5 Him, Angiras, thou Son of Strength, all men call happy in liis\nGod,\nHis offermgs, and his sacred grass.\n6 Hitherward shalt thou bring these Gods to our laudation and\nto taste\nThese offered gifts, fair-shining One.\n7 Vlien, Agni, on thine embassage thou goest not a sound is\nheard of steed or straining of thy car,\n8 Aidedby theeuninjured,strong,oneafterother, goes he forth :\nAgni, the offerer forward steps.\n9 And splendid strength, heroic, high, Agni, thou grantest from\nthe Gods,\nThou God, to him who offers gifts.\nHYMN LXXV. Agni.\nAccept our loudest-sounding hymn, food most delightful to\nthe Gods,\nPouring our offerings in thymouth.\n2 Now, Agni, will wo say to tliee, 0 wisest and bestAngiras,\nOur precious, much-availing prayer.\n3 Who, Agni, isthykin, of men ? who is thy worthy worshipper?\nOn whomdependent? who art thou ?\n4 The kinsman, Agni, of mankind, their well-beloved Friend art\nthou,\nA Friend whom friends may supplicate.\n5 Bring to us Mitra, Varuna, bringthe Gods to mighty sacrifice.\nBring them, 0 Agni, to thine home.\nThis Hymnandthenineteen followingare ascribed tothe Rislii Gotama,\neonofRahugana.\nn Whoslayeth Yritra: Agni may herebeidentifiedwith Indra.\n5 Angiras; anameofAgni. SeeI. 1. 6. •"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 98,
            "content": ": :\n100 TUB HYMNS OB [BOOK L\nHYMN LXXYL A\ngni.\nHow may the mind draw nigh to please thee, Agni % \"What\nhymn of praise shall bring nsgreatest blessing%\nOr who hath gained thy power by sacrificesh orwith what\nmind shaM we bring thee oblations?\n2 Come hither, Agni sit thee down as Hotar be thou wTho\n; ;\nneverwast deceived ourleader.\nMay Heaven and Earth, the all-pervading,love thee worship\n:\nthe Gods to win for us their favour.\n3 Burn thou up all the E&kshasas, 0 Agni wardthou offcurses\n;\nfrom our sacrifices.\nBring hither with his Bays the Lord of Soma : here is glad\nwelcome for the Bounteous Giver.\n4 ThouPriest withlip andvoice thatbring uschildren hastbeen\ninvoked. Here with the Gods be seated.\nThineisthe taskofCleanserandPresenter\n:\nwakenus, Wealth-\nbestower and Producer.\n5 As with oblations ofthe priestly Manusthou worshippedstthe\nGods, a Sage with sages,\nSo now, 0 truthfullest Invoker, Agni, worship this day with\njoy-bestowing ladle.\nHYMN LXXVIL Agni.\nHow shallwe pay oblation'untoAgni\n?\nWhathymn,God-loved,\nis said to him refulgent*1\nWho, deathless, true to Law, mid men a herald, bringeth the\nGods as best of sacrificers%\n2 Bring him with reverence hither, mostpropitious in sacrifices,\ntrue to Law, the herald\n;\nForAgni, when heseeksthe Gods for mortals, knows themfull\nwell and worships them in spirit.\n3 The LnrclofSonia Indra.\n4 Agni, the priestor bearerof oblations, has beeninvoked -witha hymn\n\\vliiehwillbringtheblessing ofchildren.\nThe Cleanser (Potar) and thePresenter orInvoker (Hotar) are twoof the\nSixteenofficiatingpriests.\n5 il/anas.* another formof the word Manu, Man, the greatforefatherof\nmen.\nWUhjoy-bestowingladle withthesacrificialladleused inpouringtheholy\noilorclarifiedbutterintothefire, anofferingespeciallypleasingtothe Gods,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 99,
            "content": ": : : :\nHtMtf 79.3 THE RlGVEDA. 101\n3 For he is mental power, a man, andperfect he is the bringcr,\n;\nfriend-like, of the wondrous.\nThe pious Aryan tribes at sacrificesaddress them first to him\nwho doeth marvels.\n4 May Agni, foe-destroyer, manliest Hero, accept with love our\nhymns and our devotion. ©\nSo may the liberal lords whose strength is strongest, urged\nby their riches, stir our thoughts with vigour.\n5 Thus Agni Jatavedas, true to Order, hath by the priestly Go-\ntamas been lauded.\nMay he augment in them splendour and vigour observant,\n:\nas he lists, he gathers increase.\nHYMN\nLXXVIII.\nAgni.\nO JAtavkdas, keen and swift, we Gotamas with sacred song\nexalt thee for thy glories’ sake.\n2 Thee, as thou art, desiring wealth Gotama worships with his\nsong\nWe laudthee for thy glories’ sake.\n3 As such, like Angiras we call on thee best winner of thespoil\nWe laud the for thy glories’ sake.\n4 Thee, best of Vritra-slayers, thee who shakest off our Dasyu\nfoes;\nWe laud thee for thy glories’ sake.\n5 A pleasant song to Agni we, sons of Rahugaua, have sung\nWe laud thee for thy glories’ sake. :\nHYMN LXXIX.\nAgni.\nHein mid-air’s expanse hath golden tresses a raging serpent,\n;\nlike the rushing tempest\nPurely refulgent, knowing well the morning; like honourable\ndames, true, active workers.\n3 Thewondrous: extraordinarywealth.\n4 Liberal lords wealthypatronswhosegiftswillencourageand strengthen\nthedevotionsof thepriests:\n3 Like Angiras: after the manner of Angiras, oneof the earliest per-\nformersof sacrifice.\n4 Testof Vritra-slayers: hereagainAgniisidentifiedwithIndra.\n1 Agniisherespokenofinhisthreeforms, thegolden-haired Sun,the ser-\npentinelightning,andthe household fire forreligious purjwses and ordinary\nuse. He issaid toknowthemorningas beingre-kindled forsacrificeat day-\nbreak, andis compared toanactivematron opaccountofMs employmentfo\ndomesticpurposes."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 100,
            "content": ":\nm\nthe hymns op [book t\n2 Thy well-winged flashes strengthen in their manner, when the\nblack Bull hath bellowed round about us.\nWith drops that bless and seem to smile he cometh the wa-\n:\nters fall, the clouds utter their thunder.\n3 When he comes streaming withthe milk ofworship, conduct-\ning by directest paths of Order,\nAryaman, Mitra, Yaruna, Parijman fill the hidefull wherelies\nthe nether press-stone.\n4 0 Agni, thou who art the Lord of wealth in kine, thou Son\nof Strength,\nVouchsafe to us, 0 Jatavedas, high renown.\n5 He, Agui, kindled,goodandwise, mustbe exaltedin oursong :\nShine, thou ofmany forms, shine radiantly on us.\n6 0 Agni, shining of thyself by night and when the morning\nbreaks,\nBurn, thou whose teeth are sharp, againstthe Rakshasas.\n7 Adorable in all ourrites, favour us, Agni, with thine aid,\nWhen the groat hymn is chanted forth.\n8 Bring to us ever-conquering wealth, wealth, Agni, worthy of\nour choice,\nIn all our frays invincible.\n9 Give us, 0 Agni, through thy gracewealth that supporteth all\nourlife,\nThy favour so that we may live.\n10 0 Gotama, desiring bliss present thy songs composed with\ncare\nTo Agni of the pointed dames.\n11 May the man fall, 0 Agni, who near or afar assaileth us :\nDo thou increase and prosper us.\n12 Keen and swift Agni, thousand-eyed, chaseth the Itakshasas\nafar\nHe singeth, herald meet for lauds.\n2 The black Ballhathbellowed; thedarkrain-clouds havethundered.\n3 When hecomes tothe Godswith themilk ofworship, therich sacrificial\noffering, theGods sendcopious rain. Parijman the \"Wanderer,the circum-\n,\nambient, isinthisplacethestormyWind, Thenetherpress-stone(whichrests\nupon anox-hide)isheretheearth,theheavenbeingtheupperstone. Wilson,\nfollowingS&yana,translates ‘pierce throughthe(investing) membrane into\nthe wombofthecloud,’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 101,
            "content": ": ; : ; :\nETMN 80.] TEE RIGVEDA. 103\nHYMN LXXX.\nIndra.\nThus in the Soma, in wild joy the Brahman hath exalted\nthee\nThou, mightiest, thunder-armed, hast driven by force the\nDragon from the earth, lauding thine own imperial sway.\n2 Themighty flowing Soma-draught, broughtby the Hawk,hath\ngladdened thee,\nThat-in thy strength, 0 Thunderer, thou hast struck down\nVritra from the floods, lauding thine own imperial sway.\n3 Go forward, meet the foe, be bold thy bolt of thunder is not\n;\nchecked.\nManliness, Indra, is thy might : slay Vritra, make the waters\nthine, lauding thine own imperial sway.\n4 Thou smotest Vritra from the earth, smotesthim, Indra, from\nthe sky.\nLettheselife-fosteringwaters flowattendedby the Maruthost,\nlauding thine own imperial sway.\n5 The wrathful Indra with his bolt of thunder rushingon the\nfoe,\nSmote fierce on tremblingVritra’s back, and loosed thewaters\nfree to run, lauding his own imperial sway.\n6 With hundred-jointed thunderbolt Indra hath struck him on\nthe back,\nAnd, whilerejoicinginthe juice, seeketh prosperityforfriends,\nlauding his own imperial sway.\n7 Indra, unconquered might is thine, Thunderer, Caster of the\nStone\nFor thou withthysurpassingpowersmotesttodeaththeguile-\nful beast, lauding thine own imperial sway.\n8 Far over ninety spacious floods thy thunderbolts were cast\nabroad\n:\nGreat, Indra, is thy hero might, and strength is seated in\nthine arms, lauding thine own imperial sway.\nLaud him a thousand all at once, shout twenty forth the\nhymn\nof praise.\nHundreds have sung aloud to him, to Indra hath the prayer\nbeen raised, lauding his own imperial sway.\n1 TheDragon thegreatserpentAki,oneofthedemonsofdrought.\n2 Brought hij theHawk : theSomaissaidtohavebeenbroughtfromheaven,\nbyahawkorfalcon. Cf. I. 93 6.\n7 Theguilefulbeast thedemonVritra.\n8 Ninetyspaciousfloods themanywatersobstructedbyVritra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 102,
            "content": "; :\n104 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n—\n10 Indrahath smitten down the power of Vritra, might with\nstronger might.\nThis was his manly exploit, he slew Vritra and let loose the\nfloods, landing his own imperial sway.\n11 Yea, even this great Pairof Worlds trembled in terror at thy\nwrath, c\nWhen, Indra, Thunderer, Marat-girt, thoti slowestVritra in\nthy strength, lauding thine own imperial sway.\n12 But Vritra scared not Indra with his shaking or his thunder\nroar.\nOn him that iron thunderbolt fell fiercely with its thousand\npoints, lauding hisown imperial sway.\n13 When with the thunderthoudidstmake thy dart and Vritra\nmeet in war,\nThy might, 0 Indra, fain to slay the Dragon, was setfirm in\nheaven, lauding thine own imperial sway.\n14 When atthy shout, 0 Thunder-armed, each thingboth fixed\nand moving shook,\nE’en Tvashtar trembled at thy wrath and quaked with fear\nbecause of thee, lauding thine own imperial sway.\n15 There is not, In ourknowledge, one who passeth Indra in his\nstrength\n:\nIn him the Deities have stored manliness, insight, power and\nmight, lauding his own imperial sway.\n16 Still as of old, whateverrite Atharvan, Manus sire of all,\nDadhyach performed, their prayerand praise united in that\nIndra meet, lauding his own imperial sway.\nHYMN LXXXI. Indra.\nThe men have lifted Indra up, the Vritra-slayer, to joy and\nstrength.:\nHim, verily, we invocate in battles whether great or small\nbe he our aid in deeds of might.\n2 Thou, Hero, art a warrior, thou art giver of abundant spoil.\nStrengthening e’en the feeble, thou aidest the sacrificer, thou\ngivest the offererample wealth.\n16 Atharvan in the priestwho firstobtained fire and offered Somaand\nprayerstotheGods. Dadhyachishisson. ManusorManuistheprogenitor\nofmankind.\nTherefrain, (laudinghisownimperialsway,’isnotalwaysinsyntacticalcon-\nnexionwithtiieverseofwhichitforms theconclusion.\n1 Themm theministeringpriestswhoexaltandstrengthenwithoblations."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 103,
            "content": "HYMN S20 THE MG VEDA. 105\n3 Whenwarandbattlesareonfoot, booty is laid beforethebold.\nYoke thou thy wildly-rushing Bays. Whom wilt thou slay\nand whom enrich? Do thou, 0 Indra, make us rich.\n4 Mighty through wisdom, as he lists, terrible, he hath waxed\nin strength.\nLord of Bay Steeds, strong-jawed, sublime, he ih joined hands\nfor glory’s sake hath grasped his iron thunderbolt.\n5 He filledtheearthlyatmosphereand pressed againstthe lights\nin heaven.\nHone like thee ever hath been born, none, Indra, will be bom\nlike thee. Thou hast waxed mighty over all.\n6 May hewho to the offerer gives the foeman’s man-sustaining\nfood,\n—\nMay Indr —a lend his aid tous. Deal forth abundant is thy\nwealth that in thy bounty I mayshare.\n7 He, righteous-hearted, at each time of rapture gives us herds\nof kine.\nGather in both thy hands forns treasures of many hundred\nsorts. Sharpen thou us, and bring us wealth.\n8 Refresh thee, Hero, with the juice outpoured forbounty and\nfor strength.\nWe know thee Lord of ample store, to thee have sent our\nhearts’ desires be therefore our Protector thou.\n:\n9 These people, Indra, keep for thee all that is worthy of thy\nchoice.\nDiscover thou, as Lord, the wealth of men who offer up no\ngifts : bring thou to us this wealth of theirs.\nHYMN LXXXII. Indra.\nGraciously listen to our songs, Maghavan, be not negligent.\nAs thou hast made us full of joy and lettest us solicit thee,\nnow, Indra, yoke thy two Bay Steeds.\n2 Well have they eatenandrejoiced the friends have risen and\n;\npassed away.\nThe sages luminous in themselves havepraisedtheewith their\nlatest hymn. Now, Indra, yoke thy two Bay Steeds.\n3 Maghavan, we will reverencetheewho artsofair to look upon.\nThus praised, according to our wish come now with richly\nladen car. Now, Indra, yoke thy two Bay Steeds.\n9 Thepeople: thyworshippershere.\n1 Maghavan : Indra, therichandliberal.\n2 Wellhavetheyeaten : they, meaningtheworshippers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 104,
            "content": ":: ;\n106 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n4 He will in very truth ascend the powerful car that finds the\nkine,\nWho thinks upon the well-filled bowl, the Tawny Coursers'\nharnesser. Now, Indra, yoke thy two Bay Steeds.\n5 Let, Lord of Hundred Powers, thySteedsbe harnessed on the\nright and left.\nTherewith in rapture of the juice, draw near to thy beloved\nSpouse. Now, Indra, yoke thy two Bay Steeds.\n8 With holy prayer I yoke thy long-maned pair of Bays : come\nhitherward thou holdest them in both thy hands.\n;\nThestirringdraughtsof juice outpouredhave madethee glad\n:\nthou, Thunderer, hastrejoiced with Pushan.and thy Spouse.\nHYMN LXXXIII. Indra.\nIndra, the mortal man well guarded by thine aid goes fore-\nmost in the wealth of horses and of kine.\nWith amplest wealth thou fillest him, as round about the\nwaters clearly seen afar till Sindliu full.\n2 The heavenly Waters come not nigh the priestly bowl they\n:\nbut look down and see how far mid-air is spread:\nThe Deities conductthe pious man to them like suitors they\n:\ndelight in him who lovoth prayer.\n3 Praiseworthy blessing hast thou laid upon the pair who with\nuplifted ladle serve thee, man and wife.\nUnchecked he dwells and prospers in thyJaw thy power\n:\nbrings blessing to the sacrificer pouring gifts.\n4 First the Angirases won themselves vital power, whose fires\nwere kindled through good deeds and sacrifice.\nThe men together found the Pani's hoarded wealth, the cattle,\nand the wealth in horses and in kine.\n5 Atharvan first by sacrifices laid the paths ; then, guardian of\nthe Law, sprang up the loving Sun.\nt\nUsana Kavya straightway hither drove the kine. Let us with\nofferings honour Yama's deathless birth.\n5 ThySpouse Indrdiff SeeI. 22.12.\n3 Man andwife: the text has only mithund, a couple. Theword appa-\nrentlymeansheretheoffererofthe sacrifice and his wife, whotookpart in\ntheceremony, Sfiyauaexplainsitasthegrainandthebutterofoblation,\n4 ThePani is theilliberaldemonwho withholdstherain.\n5 Thepaths fortherisingBunto travel. Usand Kdri/ais thename ofa\ncelebratedancient Rishi. BeeI. 51. 10. Themeaningofthelatterhalfofthe\nsecondverseisobscure. Ludwigrendersit cSeekweto win by sacrificethe\nimmortality whichhas sprungfrom Yama.’ Yama seemshereto represent\ntherisingBun. SeeEhni,DerMythus des Yama, p. 62,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 105,
            "content": "—\n;\nH6YMN\n84.] THE RIGVEDA. 107\nWhen sacred grass is trimmed to aid the auspicious work, or\nthe hymn makes its voice of praise sound to the sky.\n—\nWhere the stoneringsas’twereasingerskilledin laud, Indra\nin truth delights when these come near to him.\nHYMN LXXXIY. * Indra.\nThe Soma hath been pressed for thee, 0 Indra mightiest,\n;\nbold One, come.\nMay Indra-vigour fill thee full, as the Sun fills mid-air with\nrays.\n2 His pair of Tawny Coursers bring Indra of unresisted might\nHither to Eishis} songs of praise and sacrifice performed by\nmen.\n3 Slayer of Yritra, mount thy car thy Bay Steeds have been\n;\nyoked by prayer.\nMay, with its voice, the pressing-stone draw thine attention\nhitherward.\n4 This poured libation, Indra, drink, immortal, gladdening, ex-\ncellent.\nStreams of the bright have flowed to thee here at the seat of\nholy Law.\n5 Sing glory now to Indrn, say to him your solemn eulogies.\nThe drops poured forth have made him glad pay reverence\nto his might supreme. :\n6 When, Indra, thou dost yoke thy Steeds, there is no better\ncharioteer\n:\nNone hath surpassed thee in thy might, none with goodsteeds\no’ertaken thee.\n7 He who alone bestoweth wealth on mortal man who oflereth\ngifts,\nThe ruler of resistless power, is Indra, sure,\n8 When will he trample, like a weed, the man who hath no gift\nfor him\n'I\nWhen, verily, will Indra hear our songs of praise1\n9 He who with Soma juice prepared amid the many honours\nthee,\nYerily Indra gains thereby tremendous might.\n4 The bright Somajuiee. Theseatofholy Law : theplacewhere sacrifice,\nprdainedby rltd } oreternalLaw, isperformed, #"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 106,
            "content": ", :\n108 TEE EtMES OP [BOOK t.\n10 The juice of Soma thus diffused, sweet to the taste, thebright\ncows drink,\nWho for the sake of splendour close to mighty Indra’s side\nrejoice, good in their own supremacy.\n11 Craving Ijis touch the dappled kine mingle the Soma with\ntheirmilk.\nThe milch-kine dear bo Indra send forth his death-dealing\nthunderbolt, good in their own supremacy.\n12 With veneration, passingwise, honouringhis victoriousmight,\nThey follow close his many laws to win them due preemi-\nnence, good in their own supremacy.\n13 With bones of Dadhyach for his arms, Indra, resistless in\nattack\nStruck nine-and-ninety Vritras dead.\n14 He, searching for the horse’s head, removed among the moun-\ntains, found\nAt Saryanavan vThat he sought.\n15 Then verily they recognized the essential form of Tvashtar’s\nBull,\nHere in the mansion of the Moon.\n10 Thebrightcows thepure andglossymilk whichabsorbsor drinks the\nSomajuiGewithwhichitis mixed, and which is close to, or united with,\nIndrawhenofferedtoandacceptedbyhiminlibation.\n11 Sendforth: tlie cows, that is,their milk, exalt andstrengthen Indra,\nandincitehimtobattlewith thedemons. ftherefrainofthis\ntriad(verses 10, 11, 12) isnotveryclear. 1 Stlyana,translates\nit: 'abiding(intheirstalls)expectantofhissovereignty.’\n13 Dadhyach orina laterform, Dadhicha, was a Rishi, sonof Atharvan,\nhe andhisfathe, rbeingregardedasthe firstfounders ofsacrifice. Heis des-\ncribedashavingthehead ofa horsegiven tohim by the Asvinswhich was\nafterwardscutoffby Indra. Withhisbones,or, asthelegendsays,thebones\nofthishorse’s head,converted intoathunderbolt, Indraslewthe Yritrasor\ndemons whowithheld therain. The Vediclegend, whichwasmodified and\namplifiedinlatertimes,appearstohavebeenconnectedinitsoriginwiththat\nofDadhikr&s,oftenmentionedinthe Vedaanddescribed as akindof divine\nhorse,probablya personification of the morning Sun in his rapid course.\nDadhyachmayIpetheoldMoonwhose bones, when hedies, becomethe stars\nwithwhichIndraslaysthefiendsofdarkness.\n14 Mountains: the morning clouds. Suryandvdn: saidto be a lake and\ndistrictinKurukshetra, near.themodernDelhi,\n15 Tvashtars BitT: an obscureexpressionfortheSun. Thepurportofthe\nversemay bethat when,after therains, the bright moonlight nights came,\nmenrecognizedthefactthatthelight wasborrowed fromthe Sun, Wilson,\nfollowingS&yana, translatestheverse: fThe(solarrays) found, on this occa-\nsionthelightof Twashtri,verily, concealed in the mansion of the moving\nmoon,’ SeeHymnsoftheAtharva-veda,X2£*41."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 107,
            "content": ": 1 :\nHYMN\n85.]\nTHE RIGVEDA\n. 109\n16 Who yokes to-day unto the pole of Order thestrong and pas-\nsionate steers of checkless spirit,\nWith shaft-armed mouths, heart-piercing, health-bestowing?\nLong shall he livewho richlypays their service.\n17 Who fleethforth? whosuffereth? who feareth? Whoknoweth\nIndrapresent, Indra near us\n? *\nWho sendeth benediction on his offspring, his household,\nwealth and person, and the people?\n18 Who with poured oil and offering honours Agni, with ladle\nworships at appointedseasons?\nTo whom do the Gods bring oblation quickly? What offerer,\nGod-favoured, knows him throughly?\n19 Thou as a God, 0 Mightiest, verily blessest mortal man.\n0 M ma ygh w' oa rv da sn, toth te hr ee e.is no comforter but thou : Indra, I speak\n20 Let not thy bounteous gifts, let not thy saving help fail us,\ngood Lord, at any time\n• ;\nAnd measure out to us, tliou lover of mankind, all riches\nhitherward frommen.\nHYMN LXXXV.\nMaruts.\nThey who are glancing forth, like women, on their way, doers\nof mighty deeds, swift racers, RudraJs Sons,\nThe Maruts have made heaven and earth increase and grow7\n:\nin sacrifices they delight, the strong and wild.\n2 Grown to theirperfect strength greatness have they attained\nthe Rudras have established their abode in heaven. ;\nSinging their song of praise and generating might, they have\nput glory on, the Sons whom Rrisni bare.\n16 Thestrong andpassionate steers thejealous andindefatigable priests,\nwhoareyokedtothechariot-poleofOrderor employedintheperformanceof\nsacrificeordained by eternalLaw. The words of thepriestsare thearrows\nwithwhich theirmouthsarearmed.\n17 Theanswertothesequestionsis, thepriests, who*represent thefeelings\noftheman whoinstitutes thesacrifice.\n‘To18 whTh oe ms de oco tn 1dline 1ofth .*is\n1\nverse ini gs r (te hn ede wr ee ad ltb hy\n)\nW ti hl as ton h, asf bo ell eo nwi cn ag lleS d&y fa on ra ?’:\niT nh ti es rpw ro eu tl ad tiob ne t' husforceduponit.; butk6ma (oblation) can hardly bear the\n1 Rudra*8$ons theMaruts, or Storm-Gods,are the sonsof Rudraand of\nPrism, theearthorthespeckled cloud.\n% TheMadras ; the sons ofRudra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 108,
            "content": ": : : :\nno TLIF HYMNS OF [BOOR L\n•\n3 When, Children of the Cow, they shine in bright attire, and\non their fair limbs lay their golden ornaments,\nThey drive away each adversary from their path, and, follow-\ning their traces, fatness floweth down,\n4 When, mighty Warriors, ye who glitter with your spears, o’er-\nthrowing with your strength eJen wThat is ne'er overthrown,\nWhen, 0 ye Maruts, ye the host that send the rain, had har-\nnessed to your cars the thought-fleet spotted deer.\n5 When ye have harnessed to your cars the spotted deer, urging\nthe thunderbolt, 0 Maruts, to the fray,\nForth rush the torrents of the dark-red stormy cloud, and\nmoisten, like a skin, the earth with water-floods.\n6 Let your swift-gliding coursers boar youhitherward with their\nfleetpinions. Come ye forward with your arms.\nSit on the grass ; awide scathath been made foryou : delight\nyourselves, 0 Maruts, in the pleasant food.\n7 Strong in their native strength to greatness have they grown,\nstepped to the firmament and made tlieir dwelling wide.\n10 When VishnusavedtheSomabringingwilddelight, theMaruts\nsate like birds on their dear holy grass.\n8 In sooth like heroes fain for fight they rush about, like com-\nbatants fame-seekmg have they striven in war.\nBefore the Maruts every creature isafraid\n:\nthe men are liketo\nKings, terrible to behold.\n9 When Tvashtar deft of hand had turned the thunderbolt,\ngAden, with thousand edges, fashioned skilfully,\nIndra received it to perform heroic deeds. Yritra he slew,\nand forced the flood of water forth.\nTheywiththeirvigorousstrengthpushed the well up on high,\nand clove the cloud in twain though it was passing strong.\nThe Maruts, bounteous Givers, sending forth their voice, in\nthe wild joy of Soma wrought their glorious deeds.\n3 Children ofthe Cow thatis,ofPrismorthecloudunderthattype.\nFatnessflowethdown thecloudsdropfatness thefertilizingraindescends\n;\n4 Theglitteringspearsarethe flashes of lightning. The chariot of the\nMarutsissaidtobedrawnbyspotteddeerorantelopes.\n0 Siton thegrass onthesacredgrasstrimmedandstrewn forthe Gods.\n7 WhenVishnusavedtheSoma; VishnupreparedtheSomaandbrought it to\nIndra, andtheMaruts, Indra’scompanions,satdownwithhimtoenjoyit.\n8 Themen: theMaruts. Rings: thatis, warriors.\n10 Thewell herethecloud, as areservoirof water."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 109,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 86.] THE EIGYEDA. Ill\n11 They drave the cloud transverse directed hitherward, and\npoured the fountain forth forthirsting Gotama.\nShining with varied light they come to him with help they\n:\nwith their might fulfilled the longing of the sage,\n12 The shelters which ye have for him who lauds you, bestow\nthem threefold on the man who offers. *\nExtend thesameboonsuntous, yeMaruts. Give us, 0 Hetoes,\nwealth with noble offspring.\nHYMN LXXXVI. Manila\nThe best of guardians hath that man within whose dwelling-\nplace ye drink,\n0 Maruts, giants of the sky.\n2 Honoured with sacrifice or with the worship of the sages-'\nhymns, 0 Maruts, listen to the call,\n3 Yea, the strong man to whom ye have vouchsafed to give a\nsage, shall move\nInto a stable rich in kine.\n4 Upon this hero’s sacred grass Soma is poured in daily rites:\nPraise and delight are sung aloud.\n5 Let the strong Maruts hear him, him surpassing all men ;\n10 strength be his\nThat reaches even to the Sun.\n6 For, through the swift Gods’ lovinghelp, in many an autumn,\nMaruts, we\nHave offered up our sacrifice,\n7 Fortunate shall that mortal be, 0 Maruts most adorable,\nWhose offerings ye bear away.\n8 0 Heroes truly strong, ye know the toil of him who sings\nyour praise.\nThe heart’s desire of him who loves.\n9 0yeof truestrength, makethisthing manifest by your great-\nness strike\n:\nThe demon with your thunderbolt.\nConceal the horrid darkness, drive far from us each devour-\ning fiend.\nCreate the lightforwhich we long.\n3X Gotama the llislii towhom thehymn wasrevealed.\n3 Shallmoveinto astablerichin kine: shallbecome the wealthy possessor\nof manycows.\n8 Of him who loves; of thesuppliantwholovesandpraysto you.\n10 Devouringfiend 'Atrhi, which stands for attrin, is oneof the many"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 110,
            "content": ";\n112 THE HYMHS OF [BOOK L\nHYMN LXXXVIL\nMaruts.\nLoud Singers, never humbled, active, full of strength, immov-\nable, impetuous, manliest, best-beloved,\nThey have displayed themselves with glittering ornaments, a\nfew innumber only, like the heavens with stars.\n2 When, Maruts, on the steeps ye pilethe moving cloud, ye are\nlike birds on whatsoever path it he.\nClouds everywhereshedforth the rainupon your cars. Drop\nfatness, honey-hued, for him who sings your praise.\n3 Earth at their racings trembles as ifweakand worn,when on\ntheir ways they yoke their cars for victory.\nThey, sportive, loudly roaring, armed with glittering spears,\nshakers of all, themselves admire their mightiness.\n4 Self1 -moving is that youthful band, with spotted steeds thus\n;\nithath lordly sway, endued with power and might.\nTruthfulartthou, andblameless, searcher-outofsin sothou.\n:\nStrong Host, wilt be protector of this prayer.\n5 We speak by ourdescentfrom ourprimevalSire; our tongue,\nwhen we behold the Soma, stirs itself.\nWhen, shouting, they had joined Indra in toil of fight, then\nonly they obtained their sacrificial names.\n6 Splendours they gained forglory, theywhowearbrightrings\nrays they obtained, and mento celebrate their praise.\nArmed withtheir swords, impetuous and fearingnaught, they\nhave possessed the Maruts’ own belovbd home,\nnames assigned to the powersof darkness and mischief. It isderived from\natra,whichmeans,tooth or jaw, and thereforemeantoriginallyan ogrewith\n—\nlarge teeth or jaws, a devourer/ MaxMuller. See Vedic Hymns, Part I.\n(SacredBooksof the East, XXXII.)for a translationand full explanation of\nthisandotherHymnstotheMaruts.\n1 Afew in number only: 'refers to the Maruts, who are represented a*\ngraduallyrisingor justsh —owingthemselves, as yetonlyafewinnumber,like\nthefirststarsinthesky/ MaxMuller.\n6 TheSomajuiceinspiresus, andweareguided by the tradition received\nfromourancestors.\nTheMarutsobtaineddivinehonours only as a reward for assisting Indra\ninhisbattlewiththedemonVritra.\n6 They have possessed the Maruts’ own beloved home: ‘have established\nthemselvesin what becameafterwards knownastheirownabode, their own\nplaceamongthegods invokedatthesacrifice/—MaxMuller,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 111,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 89.] THE RIGYEDA . 113\nHYMN LXXXYIII. Maruts.\nCome hither, Maruts, on your lightning-laden oars, sounding\nwith-sweet songs, armed with lances, winged with steeds.\nFlyuntous withnoblestfood,likebirds, 0yeofmightypower.\n2 With their red-hued or, haply, tawny courser^ which speed\ntheir chariots on, they come for glory.\nBrilliant like gold is he who holds the thunder. Earth have\nthey smitten with the chariot’s felly.\n3 For beauty ye have swords upon your bodies. As they stir\nwoods so may they stir our spirits.\nFor your sake, 0 ye‘Maruts very mighty and well-born, have\nthey set the stone in motion.\n4 The days went round you and came back, 0 yearners, back,\nto this prayer and to this solemn worship.\nThe Gotamas making their prayer with singing have pushed\nthe well’s lid up to drink the water.\n5 No hymn was ever known like this aforetime which Gotama\nsang forth for you, 0 Maruts,\nWhat time upon your golden wheels he saw you, wild boars\nrushing about with tusks of iron.\n6 To you this freshening draught of Soma rusheth, 0 Maruts,\nlike the voice of one who prayeth.\nIt rufsheth freely from our hands as these libations wont to\nflow.\nHYMN LXXXIX.\nVisvedevas.\nMay powers auspicious come to us from every side, never de-\nceived, unhindered, and victorious,\nThat the Gods ever maybewithusfor ourgain, ourguardians\n' day by day unceasing in their care.\n2 Hewhoholdsthethunder the holder of the thunderor thunderboltis\nIndra.\n3 Havetheysetthestonein motion menhave pressedout theSomajuice\nandofferedlibationstoyou. *\n4 Andtothissolemnworship; (v&rk&ryfCm chadevtfm) *Themostlikelysup-\npositionis thatv&rk&rya was thename givento somefamous hymn, some\npaeanor songof triumph belonging to the Gotamas, The purport of'the\nwholelinethenwouldbethatmanydayshavegone fortheMarutsaswellas\nforthefamoushymnaddressedtothem, or, inotherwords,thattheGotamas\nhavelongbeen d^Voted totheMaruts ...The pushingupof the lid;of the\nwellfortodrink, meansthattheyobtainedrainfromthecloud,whichishere,\nasbefore, representedasa.coveredwell.’—MaxMuller. }-\n6 Thisverse isvery obscure, IfollowM. M.’s translationwhich [istoa\ngreatextent conjectural,'"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 112,
            "content": ": ;\n114 THE HYMNS OF [BOON I.\n2 May the auspicious favour of the Gods be ours, on us descend\nthe bounty of the righteous Gods.\nThe friendship of the Gods have we devoutly sought so may\n:\nthe Gods extend our life that we may live.\n3 We call them hither with a hymn of olden time, Bhaga, the\nfriendly*Daksha, Mitra, Aditi,\nAryaman, Yaruna, Soma, the Asvins* May Sarasvati, auspici-\nous, grant felicity.\n4 May the Wind waft to us that pleasant medicine, may Earth\nour Mother give it, and our Father Heaven,\nAnd thejoy-givingstones thatpresstheSoma’sjuice. Asvins,\nmay ye, for whom our spirits long, hear this.\n5 Him we invoke for aid who reigns supreme, the Lord of all\nthat stands or moves, inspirer of the soul,\nThat Pushan may promote the increase of our wealth, our\nkeeper and our guard infallible for our good.\n6 Illustrious far and wide, may Indra prosper us may Pushan\n:\nprosper us, the Master of all wealth.\nMay Tarkshya with uninjured fellies prosper us : Brihaspati\nvouchsafe to us prosperity.\n7 The Maruts, Sons of Prism, borne by spotted steeds, moving\nin glory, oft visiting holy rites, —\nSages whose tongue is Agni, brilliant as the Sun, hither let\nall the Gods for our protection come.\n8 Gods, may we with our ears listen to what is good, and with\nour eyes see what is good, ye Holy Ones.\nWith limbs and bodies firm may we extolling yon attain the\nterm of life appointedbythe Gods.\n9 A hundred autumns stand before us, 0 ye Gods, within whftse\nspace ye bring our bodies todecay\nWithin whose space our sons become fathers in turn. Break\nye not in the midst our courseof fleeting life.\n3^Bhaga, enumeratedbyYlskaamongthedeities of the highestsphere, ia\nan AdityaregardedintheVedaas bestowing wealthand institutingorpre-\nsidingoverlove andmarriage. Dakshuis a creative power associatedwith\nAditi,andthereforesometimesidentifiedwith Praj&pati.\n4 Oar Father Heaven: pit#Dyafis = 7rarfjf) Ztuc, Jupiter.\n6 Tdvkshya usuallydescribedasa divinehorse, andprobablyapersonifi-\ncation of theSun. Brihaspati; Lord of Prayer.\n7 Whose tongueis Agni: whoreceiveoblationsthroughAgniorfire.\n9 A hundredautumns: regardedasthenaturallengthof humanlife, Cf.\nIsaiah, LXV. 20 fThereshallbenomorethenceaninfantofdays,noranold\nman thathathnotfilled hisdays ; forthe child shalldie an hundred years\nold/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 113,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN 91,] THE RIOVEDA. 115\n10 Aditi is theheaven, Aditi is mid-air, Aditi is the Mother and\nthe Sire and Son.\nAditi is all Gods, Aditi five-classed men, Aditi all that hath\nbeen born and shall be born,\nHYMN\nXO.\nVisvedevas.\nMayVarunawithguidance straight,and Mitral£adns, he who\nknows,-\nAnd Aryaman in accordwith Gods,\n2 For they are dealers forth of wealth, and, not deluded, with\ntheir might\nGuard evermore the lioly laws.\n3 Sheltermaythey vouchsafetous,ImmortalGodstomortalmen,\nChasing our enemies away,\n4 May they mark out our paths to bliss, Indra, the Maruts,\nPushan, and\nBhaga, the Gods to be adored,\n5 Yea, Pushan, Vishnu, ye who run your course, enrich our\nhymns with kine\n;\nBless us with all prosperity.\n6 The winds waftsweets, theriverspoursweets for the man who\nkeeps the Law\nSo maythe plants be sweet for us,\n7 Sweet be the night and sweet the dawns, sweet the terrestrial\natmosphere\nSweet be our Father Heaven to us,\n8 May the tall tree be full qf sweets for us, and full of sweets\nthe Sun r\nMay our milch-kine be sweet for us.\n9 Be Mitra gracious unto us, and Varuna and' Aryaman r\nIndra, Brihaspatl be kind, and Vishnu of the mighty stride,\nHYMN XCL\nSoma.\nThou, Soma, art preeminent for wisdom alongtheetraighteat\n;\npaththou art our leader.\nOur wise forefathers by thy guidance, Indu, dealt out among\nthe Gods their share of treasure.\n10 Aditi-\ntheInfimterinfm^\n9 Vishnu ofthemightystride: astheSun, striding over or traversing the\nthreeworlds.\n1 Indu.: anothernameof Soma, hereidentified with the Momwho teaches\nmen the proper seasons atwhich to worship the Mane*or deified Fathers.\nSee I. 43. 8, note."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 114,
            "content": "— —\n: ; : ; :\n116 . THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I,\n2 Thou by thine insight art most wise, 0 Soma, strong by thine\nenergies and all-possessing\nMightyart thou by all thy powers and greatness, by glories\nartthouglorious, guideof mortals.\n3 Thine are King Varuna’s eternal statutes, lofty and deep, 0\nSoma, is thy glory,\nAll-pure art thou like Mitra the belovkd, adorable, like\nAryaman, 0 Soma,\n4 With all thyglories on the earth, in heaven, on mountains, in\nthe plants, and inthe waters,\nWith all of these, well-pleased andnot in anger, accept, 0\nroyal Soma, our oblations,\n5 Thou, Soma, art the Lord of heroes, King, yea, V^itra-slayer\nthou\nThou art auspicious energy,\n6 And, Soma, let it be thy wish that we may live and may not\ndie\nPraise-loving Lord of plants art thou,\n7 To him who keeps the law, both old and young, thou givest\nhappiness,\nAnd energy thathe may live.\n8 Guardus, King Soma, on all sides fromhimwho threaten^ us\n:\nnever let\nThe friend of one like theebe harmed.\n9 With those delightful aids which thou hast, Soma, for the\nworshipper,\nEvenwith those protectthou us,\n10 Accepting this our sacrifice and this ourpraise, 0 Soma, come,\nAnd be thou nigh toprosper us.\n11 Well-skilled in speech we magnify thee, Soma, with our\nsaGred songs\nComethou to us, mostgracious One.\n12 Enrioher, healerof disease, wealth-finder, prospering our store,\nBe, Soma, a good Friend to us,\n13 Soma, be happy in our heart, as milch-kine in the grassy\nmeads,\nAs ayoung man in his own house.\n14 0 Soma, God, the mortal man who in thy friendship hath\ndelight,\nHim doththe mighty Sage befriend.\nS Thineare K inr/ Vanina's eternal statutes thylaws arethe same as\nYaruiia’s,orVaruna’slawshavetheiroriginin thee, :"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 115,
            "content": ";: ; :\nHYMN 91J THE RIGVEDA. 1.17\n.\n15 Save ns from slanderous reproach, keep us, 0 Soma, from\ndistress ’\n:\nBe unto us a gracious Friend.\n'\n16 Soma, wax great. Fromeverysidemayvigorouspowers unite\nin thee\n:\nBe in the gathering-place of strength.\n17 Wax, 0 most gladdening Soma, great through all thy rays of\nlight, and be\nA Friend of most illustrious fame to prosper us.\n18 In thee be juicy nutriments united, and powers and mighty\nfoe-subduingvigour,\nWaxing to immortality, 0 Soma win highest glories for thy-\n:\nself in heaven.\n19 Such of thy glories as. with poured oblations men honour,\nmay they all invest our worship.\nWealth-giver, furtherer with troops of. heroes, sparing the\nbrave, come, Soma, to our houses.\n20 Tohim who worships Soma gives the. mileh-cow, a fleet steed\nand a man of active knowledge,\nSkilled in home duties, meet for holy synod, for council meet,\na glory to his father.\n2*1 Invincible in fight,saver inbattles, guard of our camp, winner\nof light and water,\nBorn amid hymns, well-housed, exceeding famous, victor, in\nthee will we rejoice, 0 Soma.\n22 These herbs, these milcli-kine, and these running waters, all\nthese, 0 Soma, thou hast generated.\nThe spacious firmament hast thou expanded, and with the\nlight thou hast dispelled the darkness.\n23 Dothou, God Soma, with thy Godlikespirit,victorious, win for\nus a share of riches.\nLet none prevent thee thouart Lord of valour. Provide for\n:\nboth sides in the fray for booty.\n14 ThemightySage Somahimself.\n16 Be in thegatheringplace of strength \\ be thou the central pointand\nsource ofallpower.\n17 Throughallthyraysoflight throughallthystalks, accordingtoLudwig\nwho takes Somato be the plant. Wilson, following S&yapa, translates\n*Increasewithalltwiningplants.*\n22 Thesemilch-hine themilkwhichistobemixed withthe Somajuice*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 116,
            "content": ": :\n118 TS'E HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\nHYMN\nXCII. Dawn.\nThese; Dinro* have raised their banner in the eastern half\n;\nof the mid-air they spread abroad their shining light.\nLike heroes who prepare their weapons for the war, onward\nthey come bright red in hue, the Mother Cows.\n,2 Eeadily have the purple beams of light shot up; the Bed\nCows have they harnessed, easyto be yoked.\nThe Dawns have brought distinct perception as before : red-\nhued, they have attained their fulgent brilliancy.\n3 They sing theirsong like women active in their taskSj along\ntheir common path hither from far &way,\n\"Bringing refreshment to the liberal devotee, yea, aU things to\nthe worshipper who pours the juice*\n4 She, like adancer, puts herbroider-etdgarments on : as a sow\nyields her udder so she bares herbreast*\nCreating lightior all the world of life, the Dawn hath laid\n.\nthe darkness open as the cows theirstall.\n5 We have beheld the brightness of her shining; it spreads\nand drives away the darksome monster.\nLiketints that deck the Postat sacrifices, Heaven’s Daughter\nhath attained herwondrous splendour.\n,6 We have o’erpast the limit of this darkness; Dawn breaking\nforth again brings clear perception.\nShe like a flatterer smiles in light for glory, and fair of face\nhath wakened torejoice us.\n7 The Gotamas have praised Heaven’s radiant Daughter, the\nleaderof the charm of pleasant voices.\nDawn, thou eonferrest on us strength with offspring and men,\nconspicuous with kine and horses.\n1 These Dawns *Wehave the term Ushasah, in the plural, intending,\naccordingto the Commentator, the divinities thatpresideover themorning ;\nbut,accordingto Y&ska, thepluralis uaediiouorifically only, forthesingular\npersonification.’—Wilson,\nTheMotherCows; theDawns,withtheirredclouds,whohavejustgivenbirth\nto theday.\n2 TheRed Cows .* thered cloudsofmorning.\n3 Whopoursthejuice presses outand offers libations ofSomajuice.\n4 Hathlaid thedarkness open; the meaning, rather obscurely expressed\nwithaharshzeugmaorellipsis,is, Dawn, withher brightclouds, hasopened\nandemerged from thedarknesswhichsurroundedher, inthesamemaimeraa\ncowaleavethedarkpenorBtableinwhich theyhavebeenshutup, aasoonaa\nitisopenedintheearlymorning.\n5 Liketintsthatdeckthe Post: the sacrificialpost orpillar, towhich the\nvictims weretied, wasanointed bythepriests.\n7 Pleasantvoices; ofthenewly-awakenedbirds, other animals, and human\nbeings.\nr>"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 117,
            "content": ";\nHYMN 92.] THE RIOVEDA. 119\n8 0 thou who shinest forth in wondrous glory, urged onwardby\nthy strength, auspicious Lady,\nDawn,' may I gain that wealth, renowned and ample, inbrave\nsons, troops of slaves, far-famed for horses.\n9 Bending her looks on all the world, the Goddess^hines,widely\nspreading with her bright eye westward.\nWaking to motion every living creature, she understandsthe\nvoice of each adorer.\n10 Ancient of days, again again born newly, decking her beauty\nwith the self-same raiment,\nThe Goddess wastes away the life of mortals, like a skilled\nhunter cutting birds in pieces.\n11 She hath appeared discovering heaven’s borders: to the far\ndistance she drives offher Sister.\nDiminishing the days of human creatures, the Lady shines\nwith all her lover's splendour.\n12 The bright, the blessed One shines forth extending her rays\nlike kine, as a floodrolls his waters.\nNever transgressing the divine commandments, she is beheld\nvisible with the sunbeams.\n13 0 Dawn enriched with ample wealth, bestow on us the won-\ndrous gift\nWherewith we may support children and children^ sons.\n14 Thou radiant mover of sweet sounds, with wealth of horses\nand of kine\nShine thou on us this day, 0 Dawn, auspiciously.\n15 0 Dawn enriched with holy rites, yoke to thy car thy purple\nsteeds,\nAnd then bring thou unto us allfelicities.\n16 0 Asvins wonderful in act, do ye unanimous direct\nYour chariot to ourhome wealthy in kine and gold.\n17 Ye who brought down the hjmn from heaven, a light that\ngiveth light to man,\nDo ye, 0 Asvins, bring strength hither unto us.\n10 Like ashilledhuntercuttingbirdsinpieces: ‘S&yanatakessvaghnifor a\n*fowler’swife’, andvijuhfur‘birds.’ Benfey takestijnhfor edice/ and ex-\nplainstheclauseasdenoting acunninggambler whotamperswith thediceby-\nshavingthemdown Thephraserijuh ivad ihiitHi occurs again inB. Y*\n.\nII.12. 5. whereS&—yaiiatakesrijuh for udrejalah favexer.’ Souncertainare\nhisexplanations.’ J. Muir, 0.&. Texts,Y.,186.\n11 Hersister: Night, tierlover: theSun.\n12 Nevertransgressing always obedienttothe eternal Law ordivine order\nof the universe. r*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 118,
            "content": "120 THE HYMNS OB [BOOK L\nIS Hither may they who wake at dawn bring, to drink Soma,\nboth the Gods,\nHealth-givers, Wonder-Workers, borne on paths ofgold.\nHYMN\nXCIII. Agni-Soma.\nAeon and Soma, mighty Pair, graciouslyhearken to my call,\nAccept in friendly wisemy hymn, and prosperhim who offers\ngifts.\n2 The man who honours you to-day, Agrii and Soma, with\nthis hymn,\nBestow on'him heroic strength, increase of kino, and noble\nsteeds.\n3 The man who offers holy oil and burnt oblations unto you,\nAgni and Soma, shall enjoy great strength, with offspring, all\nhis life.\n4 Agni and Soma, famed is that your prowess wherewith ye\nstole the kine, his food, from Pani.\nYe caused the brood of Brisaya to perish ye found the light,\n;\nthe single light formany.\n5 Agni andSoma, joined inoperation ye have set up the shining\nlights in heaven.\nFrom curse and from reproach, Agni and Soma, ye freed the\nrivers that were bound in fetters.\n6 One of you M<\\tarisvan brought from heaven, the Falcon rent\nthe other from the mountain.\nStrengthened by holy prayer Agni and Soma have made us\nample room for sacrificing.\n18 Theywhowakeatdaion: accordingtoSAyana,rthehorsesoftheAsvins.\nTheexpression mayapply, withat least equal propriety,to the priestswho\nriseatday-breaktoperform themorning sacrifices.\n1 Agni and Soma : or, 0Agni-Soma, thetwo Godsformingadual deity\nagntshomau.\n4 Yestole thekine: recovered the cows (the rain-clouds:orrays oflight)\nwhichtheniggarddemonhadcarriedoffandconcealed. Brisaya; thename\n#ofademonorsavage enemy.\n5 From curse andfrom reproach: according to SAyana, ftherivers were\ndefiledbythe deadbodyof Vritra, whichhad fallenintothem;theirwaters\nwere, consequently, unfit tobear any partin sacred rites, untilthey were\npurifie—dbyAgniandSoma,thatis,by oblationstofire andlibationsofSoma\njuice/ Wilson.\n6 MtUarisvan, or, inthenominative case, MAtarisvA, broughtAgni orfire\nfrom heaven, and the Falcon brought Soma from the mountain or cloud,\nthatis,saysSAyana, fromSvargaonthetopofMountMeru."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 119,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN 94.] THE RIGVEDA. 121\n7 Taste, Agni, Soma, tills prepared oblation; accept it, Mighty\nOnes, and let it please you.\n9\nVouchsafe us good protection and kind favour grant to the\n:\nsacrificer health and riches.\nS Whoso with oiland poured oblation honours, withGod-devoted\nheart, Agni and Soma,\nProtect his sacrifice, preserve himfrom distress, grant to the\nsacriiicer great felicity.\nInvoked together, mates in wealth, Agni-Soma, accept our\nhymns\n:\nTogether be among the Gods.\n10 Agni and Soma, unto him who worshipsyou with holy oil\nShine forth an ample recompense.\n11 Agni and Soma, be ye pleased with these oblations brought\nto you,\nAnd come, together, nigh to us.\n12 Agni and Soma, cherish well our horses, and let our cows be\nfat who yield oblations.\nGrantpower to us and to our wealthy patrons, and cause our\nholy rites to be successful.\nHYMN\nXCIY. Agni.\nFob Jatavedas worthy of our praise will we frame with our\nmind this eulogyas Jtwere a car.\nFor good, in his assembly, is this care of ours. Let us not, in\nthy friendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n2 The man for whom thou sacrificcst prospereth, dwelleth with-\nout a foe, gaineth heroic might.\nHe waxeth strong, distress never approacheth him. Let us\nnot, in thy friendship, Agni, sufferharm.\n3 May we have power to kindle thee. Fulfil ourthoughts. In\nthee the Gods eatthe presented offering.\nBring hither the Adityas, for we long for them. Letus not\nin thy friendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n*2 Whoyieldoblations: who supplymilktobemixed with Somajuice.\nOurwealthypatrons therichhouseholders whoinstitutethesacrifices.\nThisHymn andthefourfollowingare attributed to theRishiKutsa, the\nson of Angiras.\n1 Jdtavedas Agni. Seel. 44. 1.\nAs ’twerea car as acarpenterconstructsacarorwain.\nIn hisassembly: amongthose whohavemettogethertoworshiphim. The\nmeaningmightalsobe:good,orauspicious,ishisprovidenceorlovingcareofus\n3 Bringhither theAdityas: theSonsof Aditi ; all theGods, accordingto\nSftyana."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 120,
            "content": ": :\n122 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n.4 We will bring fuel andprepare burnt offerings, reminding thee\nat each successive festival.\nFulfil our thought that so we may prolong our lives, Let us\nnot in thyfriendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n5 His ministers move forth, theguardians of the folk, protecting\nquadruped and biped with their rays.\nMighty art thou, the wondrous herald of the Dawn. Let us\nnot in thy friendship, Agni, sufferharm.\n6 Thou art Presenter and the chief Invoker, thou Director,\nPurifier, great High Priest by birth.\nKnowing all priestly work thou perfectest it, Sage. Let us\nnot in thy friendship, Agni, sufferharm.\n7 Lovely of form art thou, alike on every side though far,\n;\nthou shinest brightly as if closeat hand.\n0 God, thou seest through even the dark of night. Let us\nnot in thyfriendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n8 Gods, foremost be his car who pours libations out, and let our\nhymn prevail o’er evil-hearted men.\nAttend to this our speech and make it prosper well. Let us\nnot in thy friendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n9 Smite with thy weapons those of evil speech and thought,\ndevouring demons, whethernear or far away.\nThen to the singergive free way forsacrifice. Let us not in\nthy friendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n10 When to thy chariot thou hadst yoked two red steeds and two\nruddy steeds, wind-sped, thy roar waslike a bull’s.\nThou with smoke-bannered flame attackest forest trees. Let\nus not inthy friendship, Agni, sufferharm.\n11 Then at thy roar the verybirds are terrified, when, eating up\nthe grass, thy sparks fly forth abroad.\nThen is it easy for thee and thy car to pass. Let us not in\nthyfriendship, Agni, sufferharm.\n5 Ek ministers hisbeamsof light.\n6 ‘Agniishereidentified withthe chief of thesixteen priestsengagedat\n—so hl ee rm ens da ec fri if ni ec de ,s. byH te heis sA chd oh liw aa sr t,yu as,u ts hu eal pl ry esc ea nl tl ee rd ot fhe ihr eeci ot fe fr ero if ngsth :e heYa ij su ts hh e,\nHotri }orinvoidngpriest:heisthePras&stri ,or theMaitrIvaruna, whoseduty\nitis todirect the other priests what todo,and when to penorm theirfunc-\ntions: he isthe potri ,or priest so termed, and the family or hereditary\npurohita. oipurohztct may bethesameasthe Brahwft ofaceremony,— being,\nto men, what Byikaspatiis to thegods,'—Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 121,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 95.] THE MOVED A. 123\n12 He hath the power to soothe Mitra and Varuna: wonderful is\nthe Maruts5 wrath when they descend.\nBe gracious let their hearts he tunied to us again. Let us\n:\nnot in thy friendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n13 Thou art a God, thou art the wondrous Friend of GodB, the\nVasu of the Vasus, fair in sacrifice.\nUnder thine own most wide protection may we dwell. Let us\nnot in thy friendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n14 This is thy grace that, kindled in thine own abode, invoked\nwith Soma thou soundest, forth most benign.\nThou givest wealthandtreasure to the worshipper. Letus not\nin thy friendship, Agni, suffer harm.\n15 To whom thou, Lord of gooily riches, grantest freedom from\nevery sin with perfect wholeness,\nWhom with good strength thou quickenest, with children and\n—\nwealth may we be they, Eternal Being.\n16 Such, Agni, thou who knowest allgoodfortune, God, lengthen\nhere the days of our existence.\nThis prayer of ours may Varuna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN XCV. Agni.\n^\nTo fair goals travel Twounlike in semblance each in succes-\n:\nsion nourishes an infant.\nOne bears a Godlike Babe of golden colour : bright and fair-\nshining is he with the other.\n32 Hehaththepower Agni persuadesMitra and Varunato send the rain\nand protects menfrom thefury of the Storm-Gods.\n13 The Vasu ofthe Fasus: best ofthe class of Godscalled Vasus\n;\nor\n4thegood among thegood/\n16 l^he second lineof 4this verse terminates thefollowinghymns,withtwo\nexceptions, asfaras the hundredand firstSrtkta. Mitra, Varuna, and Aditi\nhave been beforenoticed. By Sindhu isto be understood thedivinity presid-\ningover,or identified with, flowing water\n;\nanditmay mean either thesea\norflowing streams collectively,or the river ludu<*. Prithiviand Divarethe\nprsenified earth and heaven. These are requested to honour y meaning, to\npreserve,or perpetuate, whatever blessinghas —been asked for)tat .....wfw-\nahantiin) from vnah to venerate orWorship/ Wilson,\n; }\n1 The TwoareDayand Night,and theinfant thateachsucklesin turnis\nAgni, as the Sun byday and Fire, or the Moon,by night."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 122,
            "content": ": : :\n12* THE HYMNS OF [BOOK A\n4 That M&tarisvan rich in wealth and' treasure, light-winner,\nfinds a pathway for his offspring,\nGuardof ourfolk, Fathir of earth and heaven.. The Gods\npossessed the wealth-bestowing AgnL\n5 Night and Dawn,,changing each the other's colour, meeting\ntogethersuckle one same Infant\nGolden between the heaven and earth he shineth. The Gods\npossessed the wealth-bestowing AgnL\n6 Boot of wealth, gxthering-place of treasures, banner of sacri-\nfice, who grants the suppliant's wishes\nPreserving him as their own life immortal, the Gods possessed\nthe wealth-bestowing Agni.\n7 Now and of old the home of wealth, the mansion of what is\nbornand; what was born aforetime, —\nGuard of what is and what willbe hereafter, the Gods pos-\nsessed the wealth-bestowingAgnf.\n8 Maythe Wealth-Giver grant us conquering riches; may the\nWealth-Giver grant us wealth with heroes.\nMay the Wealth-Giver grant us food with offspring, and\nlength of days may the Wealth-Giversendus.\n9 Fedwith our fuel, purifyingAgni, so blaze to us auspiciously\nfor glory.\nThis prayer of ours may Varuna grant, andMitra, and Aditi\nandSindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nXCVIT. Agni.\nChasing with light our sin away, 0 Agni, shine thou wealth\non us.\nMay his light chase our sin away.\n2 Fprgoodly fields, for pleasant homes, for wealth we sacrifice\n^otTTeeT\nMay his light chase our sin away.\n3 Best praiser of all these be he foremost, our chiefs who\n;\nsacrifice.\nMay his light chase our sin away.\n4 M&tarhmn : usuallythenameofthe divine being who brought Agni\nfromheaven (seeI. 31.8.), saidby S&yanatomean inthisplaceAgnihimself.\n5 OnemmeInfant: Agni(seeI, 95. 1.)whom theynourish with theobla- -\ntionoffered bymen.\nGolden asthe Sun.\n3 Mayhe,thatis Kutsa, the Ilisliiof the hymn, bepreeminent among\nthesewhocelebratethypraises,and may thehouseholders whohaveinatitut*\ned thissacrificebesimilarlydistinguished."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 123,
            "content": "HYMN\n99.]\nTHE RIGVEDA.\n137\n4 So that thy worshippers and we, thine, Agni, in our sons may\nlive.\nMayhis light chase our sin away.\n5 As ever-conquering Agni’s beams ofsplendourgo to every side,\nMay his light chase our sin away.\n6 To every side thy face is turned, thou art triuTnphant every-\n* where.\nMay his light chase our sin away.\n7 0 thou whose face looks every way, bear us past foes as in a\nship.\nMay his light chase our sin away.\n8 As in a ship, convey thou us for our advantage o’er the flood.\nMay his light chase our sin away.\nhymn xcvm.\nAgm.\nStill in Vaisvanara's grace may we continue : yea, he is King\nsupreme o’er all things living.\nSprung hence to life upon this All he looketh. Vaisvanara\nhath rivalry with Surya.\n—\n2 Present in heaven, inearth, all-present Agni, all plants that\ngrow on groundhath he pervaded.\nMay Agni, may Vaisvanara with vigour, present, preserve ua\nday and night from foemen.\n3 Be this thy truth, Vaisvanara, to us-ward : let wealth in rich\nabundance gather round us.\nThis prayer of ours may Varuna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nXCIX.\nAgni.\nFor J&tavedas let us press the Soma: mayhe consume the\nwealth of the malignant.\nMay Agni carry us through all our troubles, through griefas\nin a boat across the river.\n1 Vaixv&nara, isanepithetof AgniorFireaspresentwith,commonto,or\nbenefiting, allmen.\nSprunghence,tolife: producedfromthesetwoaranisorfire-sticks.\n* This Hymn, consistingof asinglestanza, isascribedto theRishi Kasyapa,\nthe son of Marlchi."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 124,
            "content": ": : ,\n128 THF HYMNS OF [BOOK L\nhymn\nc. indra.\nMat he who hath his home with strength, the Mighty, the\nKing supreme of earth and spacious heaven, —\nLord of true power, to be invoked in battles, may Indra,\ngirt by Maru ts, be our succour.\n2 Whose way is unattainable like Sdrya’s : he in each fight is\nthe strong Vritra-slayer,\nMightiest with his Friends in his own courses. MayIndra,\ngirt by Maruts, be our succour.\n3 Whose paths go forth in their great might resistless, forth-\nmilking, as it were, heaven’s genial moisture. —\nWith manly strength triumphant, foe-subduer, may Indra,\ngirt by Maruts, be our succour.\n4 Among Angirascs he was the chicfest, a Friend with friends,\nmighty amid the mighty.\nPraiser mid praisers, honoured most of singers. May Indra,\ngirt by Maruts, be our succour,\n5 Strong with the Rudras as with his own children, in manly\nbattle conquering his foemen, —\nWith his close comrades doing deeds of glory, may Indra,\ngirt by Maruts, be our succour.\n6 Humbler of pride, exciter of the conflict, the Lord of heroes,\nGod invoked of many,\nMay he this day gain with ourmen the sunlight. May Indra,\ngirt by Maruts, be our succour.\n7 His help hath made him cheerer in the battle, the folk have\nmadehim guardian of their comfort.\nSole Lord is he of every holy service. May Indra, girt by\nMaruts, be our succour,\nThisHymn isascribedtotheregalIlishisthe Varsh&giras, the five sonsof\ntheB4j&Vrishftgir, whosenamesarementionedintheseventeenth stanza.\n3 Whosepaths ; pdntkdmh paths, is explainedas *rays’byS&yapa, Indra\nishererepresented asthe Godof lightandof rain,\n5 Madras theMaruts, sonsof Rudrathechief Storm-God. They arethe\nclosecomradesorfaithfulcompanions of Indra, who regards themnot ashis\nequalsbutashischildren,\n6 Thesunlight thehymnisaddressedto Indrafor aidinan approaching\nbattle. S&yanasaysthattheVftrshagiras pray that theymayhavedaylight\nandthattheirenemiesmayfightinthedark.\n7 Indrais regarded astheir helper and inspiriter in battle and their\nprotectorin.peace. Healso presides over &11 acts of worship* andas'such\nrewardsthosewhoservehim,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 125,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 100.] THE EIGVEDA. 129\n8 To him the Eero, on high days of prowess, heroes for help\nand booty shall betake them.\nHe hath found light even in the blinding darkness. May\nIndra, girt by Maruts, be our succour.\n9 He with his left hand checketh even the mighty, and with his\nright hand gathereth up the booty. ?\nEven with the humble he acquiretfi riches. May Indra, girt\nby Maruts, be our succour.\n10 Wi kt nh oh wo nst ts hio sn df ao yot byan ad llc ta hrs eh pe eow pi len ,neth treasures ; well is he\nWith manlymight he conquereth those who hate him. May\nIndra, girt by Maruts, be our succour.\n11 When in his ways with kinsmen or with strangers he speedeth\nto thefight, invoked of many,\nFor gain of waters, and of sons and grandsons, may Indra,\ngirt by Maruts, be our succour.\n12 Awful and fierce, fiend-slayer, thunder-wielder, with boundless\nknowledge, hymned by hundreds, mighty,\nIn strength like Soma, guard of the Five Peoples, may Indra,\ngirt by Maruts, be our succour.\n13 Winning the light, hitherward roarshis thunder like the terri-\nfic mighty voice of Heaven.\nEich gifts and treasures evermore attend him. May Indra,\n4 girt by Maruts, be our succour.\n14 Whose home eternal through his strength surrounds him on\nevery side, his laud, the earth and heaven,\nMay he, delighted with our service, save us. May Indra, girt\nby Maruts, be our succour.\n15 The limit of whose power not Gods byGodhead, nor mortal\nmen have reached, nor yet the Waters.\nBoth Earth and Heayen in vigour he surpasseth. MayIndra,\ngirt by Maruts, be our succour.\n9 Eventhehumble: nottliestrong only, but thefeeblemanalso acquires\nricheswithhishelp.\n12 GuardoftheFivePeoples ofthefiveclassesofbeings,accordingtoS&y-\nana,that is, Giods, Gandharvas, Apsarases, Asurasand R&kshasas. Probably\nthefiveAryatribesareintended. SeeI. 7. 9.\n14 The Earth andHeaven, hisdwelling-place, arehis everlastingsong of\npraise becausethey have been established and regulated by him. This is\n^Ludwig’sexplanationofthis obscureverse."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 126,
            "content": ": : ; :\n130 THEHYMNS OF [BOOKL\n16 The red and tawny mare, blaze-marked, high standing, celes-\ntial who, to bring Rijrasva riches,\nDrew at the pole the chariot yoked with stallions, joyous,\namong the hosts of men was noted.\n17 The Y ars^agiras unto thee, 0 Indra, the Mighty One, sing\nforth this laud to please thee,\nRijr&sva with his fellows, Ambarisha, Suradhas, Sahadeva,\nBhayamana.\n18 He, much invoked, hath slain Dasyus and Sirnyus, after his\nwont, and laid them low with arrows.\nThe mighty Thundererwith his fair-complexioned friends,won\ntheland, the sunlight,and the waters.\n19 May Indra evermore be ourprotector, and unimperilled may\nwe win the booty.\nThis prayer of ours may, Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nandSindh Earth and Heaven.\nu,\nHYMN CL\nIndra.\nSing, with oblation, praise to him who maketh glad, who with\nRijisvati drove the dusky brood away.\nFain forhelp, him thestrong whoseright handwields thebolt,,\nhim girtby Maruts we invoke to be ourFriend.\n2 Indra, who with triumphant wrath smote Vyansa down, and\nWhS oamb ea xtr ia r, paa tn ed dP Si up sr hu nathe thu enr ii ng sh att ie ao tu e,s—one\nhi;\nm girt by Maruts\nwe invoke to be our Friend.\n3 He whose greatwork of manly might is heavenand earth, and\nYanina and Suryakeephis holylaw ; —\nIndra, whose law the rivers follow as they flow, him girt by\nMaruts we invoketo heour Friend.\n16 Theepithetsinthisstanzaaretaken by Ludwig as names of the six\nhorseswithwhichRijrasva drove to battle and conquered. The last four\nversesofthehymnappeartohavebeenaddedafterthevictory.\n18 DasyusandSimyus menofindigenoushostileraces.\nHisfair-complexionedfriends explainedbyS&yanaastheglitteringMaruts,\nmeansprobably theAryan invaders as opposedtothe dark-skinnedraces of\nthecountry.\nThisHymnandthefollowingthirteenareascribedtotheRishiKutsa.\n1 Rijisvan aking,favouredandprotectedbyIndra. See I. 51. 5 ; 53. 8,\nTheduskybrood thedarkaborigineswhoopposedtheAryans.\n2 Vyansa, Sambara ,Pipru }andSushnaarenamesoffiends ofdrought."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 127,
            "content": ": : ; ; ;\nHYMN OT\n101.] RIQYEDA. 181\n4 He who is Lord and —Master ofthe steedsand kine, honoured—\nthe firm and sure at everyholy act\n—\nSlayer even of the strong who pours no offering out, him\ngirt hy Maruts we invoke to \"be our Friend.\n5 He who is Lord of all the world that moves and^breathes, who\nfor the Br&kman first before all found the Cows\n—\nIndra who cast the Dasyus down beneath 1 is feet, him girt\nby Maruts we invoke to be our Friend.\n6 Whom cowards must invoke and valiant men of war, invoked\nby those who conquer and by those who flee\nIndra, to whom all beings turn their constant thought,— him\ngirt by Maruts we invoke to be our Friend.\n7 Refulgent in the Rudras’ region he proceeds, and with the\nRudras through the wide space speeds the Dame.\nThe hymn of praise extols Indra the far-renowned him girt\n:\nby Maruts we invoke to be our Friend.\n8 0 girt by Maruts, whether thou delighttheein loftiest gather-\ning-place or lowly dwelling,\nCome thence unto our rite, true boon-bestower : throughlove\nof thee have we prepared oblations.\n9 We, fain for thee, strong Indra, have pressed Soma, and, 0\nthou sought with prayer, have made oblations.\nHow at this sacrifice, with all thy Maruts, on sacred grass, 0\nteam-borne God, rejoice thee.\n10 Rejoice thee with thine own Bay Steeds, 0 Indra, unclose thy\njaws and let thy lips be open*\nThou with the fair cheek, let thy Bay Steeds bring thee gra-\n:\ncious to us, he pleased with our oblation.\n11 Guards of the camp whose praisers are the Maruts, may we\nthrough Indra, get ourselves the booty.\nThis prayer of ours may Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Farth andHeaven.\n5 Who for the Brdhmctn according to S&yana, who recovered for the\nAngirasesthe cowsthathadbeencarriedoff bythePanis. See I. 32. II.\n7\nTheDame\n*\nLudwigsuggeststhatKodasi, thewifeofRudra,isintended,\nandreferstothe Old-Germanmythof theWind's-Bride. J\n11 Guardsof the camp may we who are the guardians of the camp or\nnew settlement, praised and favoured by the Maruts, win the spoil. The\nwordsmartitstotrasyavrijdnasyaaresomewhatobscure."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 128,
            "content": "::: :\nTHE HYMNS OF BOOK\n182 [ 1.\nHYMN CIL Indra.\nTo thee the Mighty One I bring this mighty hymn, for thy\ndesire hath been gratified by mylaud.\nInIndra, yea in him victoriousthrough hisstrength, the Gods\nhave joyed at feast and -when the Soma flowed.\n2 The Seven Rivers bear his glory far and wide, and heaven and\nskyand earth display his comely form.\nThe Sun and Moon in change alternate run their course, that\nwe, 0 Indra, may behold and may have faith.\n3 Maghavan, grant its that same car to bring us spoil, thycon-\n,\nquering car in which we joy in shock of fight.\nTliou, Indra, whom our hearts praise highly in the war, grant\nshelter, Maghavan, to us who love thee well.\n4 Encourage thou our sidein every fight for\nour ally, conquer the foeman’s host.\nIndrk' bestow ohus’jby\"and“Mrdf^n6Feakdown, 0 Maghavan,\nthe vigay.r oijour foes,\n5 For Eere in divers ways these men invoking thee, holder of\ntreasures, sing thee hymns to win thine aid.\nAscend the oar that thou mayest bring spoil to us, for, Indra,\nthy fixt mind winneth the victory.\nHis arms win kine, his power is boundless, in each act best,\nwith a hundred helps, waker of battle’s din\nIs Indra : none may rival him in mighty strength. Hence,\neager for the spoil, the people call on him.\n7 Thy glory, Maghavan, exceeds a hundred, yea, more than a\nhundred, than a thousand mid the folk,\nThe great bowl hath inspirited thee boundlessly so mayst\n:\nthou slay the Vritras, breaker-down of forts\n!\n8 Of thy great mightthere is a threefold counterpart, the three\nearths, Lord of men ! and the three realms of light.\nAbove this whole world, Indra, thou hast waxen great : with-\nout a foe art thou, by nature, from of old,\n2 The SevenFivers the chief rivers in the neighbourhood Qf the earliest\nAryansettlements. SeeI. 32. 12.\n7 Thegreat howl the vessel containing the exhilarating Soma juice, or\nthemightylibation itself. The fortsarethecloud-castlesof the demons of\nthe air which Indra destroys with his —lightning: ‘the cloudswhosemoving\nturretsmakethebastionsof thestorm.’ Shelley, Witchof Atlas .\n8 Thethreeearths perhapsthe earth,theatmosphere, andtheheaven.\nThethreerealmsof light oraccordingtoS&yana, the three fires orfirein\nthree forms, as the sun in heaven, the lightninginmid-air, andterrestrial\nfire onearth. Seealso I, 105. 5,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 129,
            "content": ":: : .\n9\nHYMN 103;] TIIE RIGYEDA 133\nWe invocate thee first among theDeities thou hast becomea\n:\nmighty Conqueror in fight.\nMay Indra fill with spirit this our singer’s heart, and make\nour car impetuous, foremost in attack.\n10 Thou hast prevailed, and hast not kept the booty back, in\ntrifling battles or in those of great account.\nWe make thee keen, the Mighty One, to succour us inspire\n:\nus, Maghavan, when we defy the foe.\n11 May Indra evermore be our Protector, and unimperilled may\nwe win the booty.\nThis prayer of ours may Varuna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nCHI. Indra.\nThat highest Indra-power of thine is distant : that which is\nhere sages possessed aforetime.\nThis one is on the earth, in heaven the other, and both unite\nas flag with flag in battle.\n2 He spread the wide earth out and firmly fixed it, smote with\nhis thunderbolt and loosed the waters.\nMaghavan with his puissance struck down Ahi, rent Rauhina\nto death and slaughtered Vyansa.\n3 Armed with his bolt and trusting in his prowess he wandered\nshattering the forts of Dasas.\nCast thy dart, knowing, Thunderer, at the Dasyu increase\n;\nthe Arya’s might and glory, Indra.\n4 For him who thus hath taught these human races, Maghavan,\nbearing a fame-worthy title,\nThunderer, drawing nigh to slay the Dasyus, hath given him-\nself the name of Son for glory.\n1 ThathighestIndra-power Benfey explains this verse as meaning : In-\nd sr aa g’ es swm hig oht byis thi en ira hc ye mr nta si ,n sw aca ry ifid ci ev sid ae nd d: lo in be atp ia onr st oo ff Sit omis apo js us ie cs ese gd ivb ey ht ih me\ncompletepower to performhis greatdeeds. Sslyanasays that the bun and\nafi nre dta hr ae te bq yua dl aly yt fih re el isus ct or me bo if neIn ddr wa i, tho tn he ei Sn uh ne ,a av ne dn ba ynd nigt hh te to ht ehe Sr uo nn isea cr oth m-;\nbinedwith fire.\n2 Rauhina saidtobe ademon,is,likethe other fiendsof drought, adark\npurplecloud, that withholdstherain.\n3 Ddsas or Dasyus, thenon-Aryaninhabitantsof the land.\nKnowing distinguishingtheAryanfromthe barbarian.\n4 Themeaningof this verseappearstobe, asLudwigsays, that Indra,\"in\npreparingto slaythe Dasyus, hasbecome, asitwere, ason to the piouS wor-\nshipperwhohasproclaimedhisgreat deedsto men."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 130,
            "content": ": : :\n134 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK /.\n0 See this abundant wealth that he possesses, andput yourtrust\nin Indra’s hero vigour.\nHe found the cattle, and he found the horses, he found the\nplants, the forests and the waters.\n6 To him the trulystrong, whose deeds are many, to him the\nstrong Bull let us pour the Soma.\nThe Hero, watching like a thief in ambush, goes parting the\npossessions of the godless.\n7 Well didst thou do that hero deed, 0 Indra, in waking with\nthy bolt the slumbering Ahi.\nIn thee, delighted, Dames divine rejoiced them, the flying\nMartits and all Gods were joyful,\n8 As thou hast smitten Sushna, Pipru, Vritra and Kuyava, and\nSambara’s forts, 0 Indra.\nThis prayer of oursmay Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nCIY. Indra.\nThe altar hath been made for thee to rest on ; come like a\npanting courser and be seated.\nLoosen thy flying Steeds, set free thy Horses who bear thee\nswiftly nigh at eve and morning.\n2 These men have come to Indra for assistance shall he not\nquickly come upon these ~\"4-lrT™v* ? :\nMay the Gods quellthe fur ; m l .-,, and may they lead\nour folk to happy fortune.\n3 He who hath onlywishas his possessioncasts onhimself, oasts\nfoam amid the waters.\n7 Dames divine theConsortsof theGods.\n8 Kuyava, meaning, probably, *causingbadharvests/isthe nameof an-\notherof thedemonsof drought.\n2 The Ddsa explainedbyS&yanaasthedestroyingdemon. It apparently\nmeans here a chief of non-Aryan race whom the suppliantsweregoingto\nattack.\n’ 3 S&yanaexplains: theAsura,ordemon, Kuyava, who knows the wealth\nof otherscarriesitawayof himself, andbeingpresentinthewaterhecarries\noffthe water with the foam. In this water which has been carriedaway\nKuyava’stwowivesbathe. Benfeytakesthefoamywaterto mean theferti-\nlizingrain. Ludwig's explanationis: WhilethepoorAryawhocanonlywish\nforthewealthwhichhedoesnotpossesshasnot evenordinarywatertowash\nhimself in,thewivesof theenemy,intheinsolentprideoftheirriches,bathe\nin milk."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 131,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 104.] THE RIGVEDA. 135\nBoth wives of ICuyava in milk have bathed them may they\n:\nbe drowned within the depth of SiphsL\n4 This hath his kinship checked who lives beside us with an-\n:\ncient streams forth speeds and rules the Hero,\nAnjasi, Kulisi, and Yirapatm, delighting him, bear milk upon\ntheir waters. *\n5 Soon as this Dasyu’s traces were discovered, as she who knows\nher home, he sought the dwelling.\nNow think thou of us, Maghavan, nor cast us away,as doth a\nprofligate his treasure,\n6 Indra, as such, give us a share of sunlight, of waters, sinless-\nness, and reputation.\nDo thou no harm to our . yet unborn offspring : our trust is in\nthy mighty Indra-power.\n7 Now we, I think, in thee as such have trusted : lead us on,\nMighty One, to ample riches.\nIn no unready house give us, 0 Indra invoked of many, food\nand drink whenhungry.\n8 Slay us not, Indra do not thou forsake us steal not away\n; :\nthe joys which we delight in.\nBend not our unborn brood, strong. Lord of Bounty our\n!\nvessels with the life that is within them.\n9 Come to us ; they have called thee Soma-lover : here is the\npressed uice. Drink thereof for rapture.\nj\nWidely-capacious, pour it down within thee, and, invocated,\nhear us like a Father.\nICuyava perhapsaname given by the Aryans to one of the non-Aryan\nchieftains.\nSijphd, is saidbyS&yanatobethe nameof ariver.\n4 This stanzaisveryobscure. Themeaningappearstobethatthe friend-\nshipof Indra, who sendsdowntherainasbefore, hasputanendtothe inso-\nlenceof Kuyava. SeeLudwig, UeberdieneuestenArbeitenaufdem Gebiete\nderRgveda-forschung.\nThesignificationof thethreeriversinthe second line is obscure. Benfey\nconsidersthenamestobefemininepersonifications of theclouds.\nVirapatni, fthehero’s wife,’ occurs, asDr. Hallhaspointed out,inYI. 49.\n7. , as anepithetof SarasvatitheGoddess,and it may possiblyheremeanthe\nriverSarasvati.\n5 Asshewho knowsher dwelling; asacowwhoknowsherstall.\n7 Inno unreadyhouse thatis, inahouse wellsuppliedandfurnished.\n8 Thejoysthatwedelightin: probably, our children.\nOurvessels ourwives with theirunborn babes. S&yana givesother ex-\nplanations ofthe expression,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 132,
            "content": ": ; : :\n136 THEHYMNS OF [BOORL\nHYMN\nCY. Visvedevas.\nWithin the waters runs the Moon, he with the beauteous\nwings in heaven.\nYe lightnings withyourgoldenwheels, menfind not yourabid-\ning-place. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n2.Surely men crave and gain their wish. Close to her husband\nclings the wife,\nAnd, in embraces intertwined, both give and take the bliss of\nlove. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n3 0 never may that light, ye Gods, fall from its station in the\nsky.\nNe’er fail us one like Soma sweet, the spring of our felicity.\nMark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n4 I ask the last of sacrifice. As envoy he shall tell it forth.\nWhere is the ancient law divine? Who is its new diffuser\nnow ? Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n5 Ye Gods whoyonder have your home in the three lucidrealms\nofheaven,\nWhat count ye truth and what untruth? Where is mine an-\ncient call on you h Mark thismy woe, yeEarth andHeaven.\n6 What is your firm support of Law 1 What Yaruna’s observant\neye?\nHowmay we pass the wicked on thepath of mighty Arya-\nman ? Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n7 I am the man who sang of old full many a laud when Soma\nflowed.\nYet torturing cares consume me as the wrolf assails the thirsty\ndeer. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\nThisHymn isascribed eitherto Tritaorto Kutsa. Itis addressed to the\nVisvedevasonbehalfofTritawhohadbeenimprisonedinawell. SeeI.52. 5.\n1 Withinthewaters intheoceanofair. Mewiththebeauteouswings the\nSun.\nMarkthismywoe : thetext hasonlyvittain measyd roda&t, 1knowofthis\nofme,0 Heaven andEarth/ whichmeans, accordingto S&yana, either ‘be\nawareofthismy affliction/or£attendto thismyhymn.’\n4 Iaskthelast thelatestoryoungest oftheGods, Agni, asbeing contin-\nuallyreproduced.\n5 Thethreelucid realms of heaven the world isdivided intoearth, sky,\nandheaven,andeachofthese, again,issometimesspokenof asthreefold.\npat6 hT th oe hp ea at veh no .f—mi Lg uh dt wy igA .rya Tm ha en g: enp er ro ab la mb el ay nit nhe gm oi fl \"ky <way, regarded 'ha is sat nh de\nt ah ne dt ww ro onp gre ?ce Id si tn hg erve er nse os mi os r: alIs gt oh ve er re nn mo enl ton og fer tha en wy orld'\n?\nIftherebe,whr yig ah mt\nI, afaithfulworshipper, allowedto sufferthisundeservedmisery?"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 133,
            "content": ": : ;: : :\nHYMN 105.] TEE RIGVEDA. 137\n8 Like rival wives on every side enclosing ribs oppress me sore.\n0 Satakratu, biting cares devour me, singer of thy praise, as\nrats devour the weaver’s threads. Mark this my woe, ye\nEarth and Heaven.\n9 Where those seven rays are shining, thence my house and\nfamily extend.\nThis Trita Aptya knoweth well, and speaketh out for\nbrotherhood. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n10 May those five Bulls which stand on high full in the midst\nof mighty heaven,\nHaving together swiftly borne my praises to the Gods, return.\nMark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n11 High in the mid ascent of heaven those Birds of beauteous\npinion sit.\nBack from his path they drive the wolf as he would cross the\nrestless fioods. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n12 Firm is this new-wronght hymn of praise, and meet to be told\nforth, 0 Gods.\nThe flowing of the floodsis Law, Truth is the Sun’s extended\nlight. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n13 Worthy of laud, 0 Agni, is that kinship which tfiou hast\nwith Gods.\nHere seat thee like a man most wise, bring thou the Gods\n:\nfor sacrifice. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n8 Enclosingribs: accordingto Sftyana,thewalls ofthewellin which Trita\nwas confined. Weaver’s threads the meaningof thus explained by\nSftyanais uncertain. Ludwig is of opinion that wooden phallus-idols are\nintended. ThelinerecursinX. 33. 8.\n9 Those sevenrags ofthe Sun, says S&yana. Butprobably, as Ludwig\nsuggests, the rays are the flames of Agni. That is, Agniwith hisbright\nbeams, or the worship ofAgni, isthe central point through whichI and\nallthemembers ofmyfamily areconnectedandheldtogether.\nTrita Aptya Amythical being who dwellsin theremotest part of the\nheavens, andwhoknowsthe celestial originofthehumanrace.\n10 ThoseJive Balls thestarsofsomeconstellation. Accordingto Sftyana,\nIndra,Yaruna, Agni, Aryaman, and Savitar, orFire, Wind, Sun, Moon, and\nLightning. S&yau&explainsuhshdnah,bullsoroxen, as ‘shedders ofbenefits,’\n11 Those Birdsofbeauteouspinion thestars.\nThewolf darkness or eclipseoftheMoon.\n12 Law (ritcim.) eternalorder. ‘Themeaning ofthe word as applied to\nthenatural world connects itselfwith thealternation ofday andnight, the\nregularpassage ofthesun throughtheheavens, ortheunswerving motion of\ntherain inits fallfromheavenand of thestreams alongtheircourses. This\nlastapplicationofthewordmayhavedetermined itsspecialsenseof‘wafer*\ninthelaterlanguage. Wallis, CosmologyoftheRigveda fp, 93,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 134,
            "content": "; :\n183 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\n14 Here seated, man-like as a priest shallwisestAgni to the Gods\nSpeed onward our oblations, God among theGods, intelligent.\nMark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n15 Vanina makes the holy prayer. To him who finds the path\nwe pray.\nHe.\nin the heart reveals his thought. Let sacred worship rise\nanew. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n16 That pathway of the Sun in heaven, made to be highly\nglorified,\nIs not to be transgressed, 0 Gods. 0 mortals, ye behold it\nnot. Markthis my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n17 Trita, when buried in the well, calls on the Gods to succour\nhim.\nThat call of his Brihaspati heard and released him from\ndistress. Markthis my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.\n18 A ruddywolf beheld me once, as I was faring on my path.\nHe, like a carpenter whose backis aching crouched and slunk\naway. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven,\n19 Through this our song may we, allied with Indra, with all our\nheroes conquer in the battle.\nThis prayer of ours may Vanina grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindh Earth and Heaven.\nu,\nHYMN\nCVI. Visvedevas.\nCall wefor aid on Indra, Mitra, Varuna, and Agni and the\nMaruthost and Aditi.\nEven as a chariot from a difficult ravine, bountifulVasus,\nrescue us from all distress.\n16 Thatpathway oftheSun : accordingtoBenfey, thewayoftruth,right,\neternal order, as inverse 12. According to Ludwig the path of the fc>un\nbetween the tropicsismeant. ThoGods, says S&yana,mustnotdisregard\nthe pathof the Sun, becausetheir existencedepends uponhim asregulator\nof the seasons atwhich sacrificesare offered to them. Stilllessmay men\ndisregardit, whoassinnersdonotbehold orunderstanditaright.\n17 Brihaspati theLordof Prayer.\n18 Likeacarpenter thecomparisonisnotveryclear. Itapparentlymeans\nthatthe wolf creptaway, archinghis back or contractinghislimbs, likea\ncarpenterbendingoverhisworktillhisbackaches. Sfiyana suggestsalsoan\nalternative andtotallydifferent explanationof thewholepassage, by inter-\npretingrriha,thewolf, astheMoon,andreadingmdsaicrit, makerof months,\ninsteadof mdsakHt meonce, bee Ludwig, Uber dieneuesten Arbeitenauf\ndemGebietederili}\ngyeda-forschung.\n1 Vasm ; originallymeaning {thegood’ issometimesused, asinthisplace\ntodesignate Godsingeneral"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 135,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 107.] THE RIGVEDA. 139\n2 Come ye Idityas for our full prosperity, in conquests of the\nfoe, ye Gods, bring joy to us.\nEven as a chariot from a difficult ravine, bountiful Yasus,\nrescue us from all distress.\n,3 May the most glorious Fathers aid us, and the two Goddesses,\nMothers of the Gods, who strengthen Law. '\nEven as a chariot from a difficult ravine, bountiful Yasus,\nrescue us from all distress.\n4 To mighty Narasansa, strengthening his might, to Pushan,\nruler over men, we pray with hymns.\nEven as a chariot from a difficult ravine, bountiful Yasus,\nrescue us from all distress.\n5 Briliaspati,makeusevermorean easypath we crave whatboon\n:\nthou hast for men in rest and stir.\nLikeasa chariotfromadifficult ravine,bountifulYasus, rescue\nus tom all distress.\n6 Sunk in the pit the Bishi Kutsa called, to aid, Indra the\nYritra-slayer, Lord of power and might.\nEven as a chariot tom a difficult ravine, bountiful Yasus,\nrescue us from all distress.\n7 May Aditi the Goddess guard us with the Gods : may the\nprotecting God keep us with ceaseless care.\nThis prayer of ours may Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nCYII. Visvedevas.\nThe sacrifice obtains the Gods' acceptance : be graciously\ninclined to us, Adityas.\nHitherward let your favour be directed, and be ourbest\ndeliverer from trouble.\n2 By praise-songs of Angirases exalted, may the Gods come to\nus with theirprotection.\nMay Indra with his powers, Maruts with Maruts, Aditi with\nAdityas grant us shelter.\n• 3 TheFathers theManesorspiritsof departedancestors.\nThe two Goddesses: Heaven and Earth.\n4 Nardsansa: amysticalnameof Agni, ‘thePraise of Men.1\nPUshan theGodwhonourishes menandflocksandherds.\n6 Sunk in the pit perhaps figuratively for {ia distress.’ Kutsaisthe\nKishitowhomthehymn isascribed.\n2 MarutswithMaruts thatis, all the Maruts together, orMaruts with\nt. heirwindsandstorm."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 136,
            "content": "!\n140 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n3 Thislaud of oufs may Varuna and Indra, Aryaman, Agni,\nSavitar find pleasant.\nThis prayer of ours may Varuna grant, and Mit.ra, and Adi.ti\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaveii.\nHYMN\nCVIII. Indra-Agni;\nOn that most wondrous oar ofyours, 0 Indra and Agni, which\n& looks round on all things living,\nTakeye your stand and come to us together, and drink liba^\ntions of the flowing Soma*\n2 As vast as all this world is in its compass, deep as it is, with\nits far-stretching surface,\nSo let this Soma be, Indra and Agni, made for your drinking\ntillyour soul be sated.\n3 For ye have won ablessed name together yea, with one aim\nye strove, 0 Vritra-slayers. :\nSo Indra-Agni, seated here together, pour in, ye Mighty Ones,\nthe mighty Soma.\nBoth stand adorned, when fires aredulykindled, spreading the\nsacred grass, with lifted ladles.\nDrawn by strong Soma juice poured forth around us, come,\nIndra-Agni, and display your favour.\n5 The brave deeds ye have done, Indra and Agni, the forms ye\nhave displayed and mighty exploits, —\nThe ancient and auspicious bonds of friendship, for sake of\nthese drink of the flowing Soma.\n6 As first I said when choosing you, In battle we must contend\nwith Asuras forthis Soma.\nSocame ye unto this my true conviction, and drank libations\nof the flowing Soma.\n7 If in yourdwelling, or withprinceorBr&hman, ye, Indra-Agni,\nHoly Ones, rejoice you.\nEven from thence, ye mighty Lords, come hither, and drink\nlibations of the flowing Soma.\n8 If with the Yadus, Turvasas, yesojourn, with Druhyus, Anus,\nPurus, Indra-Agni\nEven from thence, ye mighty Lords, come hither, and drink\nlibations of the flowing Soma.\n4 fWe have, merely, in the text, the epithets in the dua —l number: the\ncommentatorsuppliestheAdhwaryuandliisassistantpriest.’ Wilson. Ben-\nleyrefersthedual epithetstoIndraandAgni, translating them severallyby\n1honoured/ ffor whom sacred grass has been strewn/ *towards whom,the'\nlad 8le Ts hh ia sv ve erb se ee cn onu tp ali if nt sed t. h’\nenames of\nthefivewell-knownAAryantribes\norfami-\nlies,saidtobedescendantsofthefivesimilarlynamedsonsofYay&ti.SeeI. 7, 9,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 137,
            "content": "; : :\n9\nHYMN 109.] TEN RIGVEDA. 141\nWhether, 0 Indra-Agni, ye be dwelling inlowest earth, in cen-\ntral, or in highest,\nEven from thence, ye mighty Lox-ds, come hither, and drink\nlibations of the flowing Soma.\n10 Whether, 0 Indr^-Agni, ye be dwelling in highest earth, in\ncentral, or in lowest, *>\nEven from thence, ye mighty Lords, come hither, and drink\nlibations of the flowing Soma,\n11 Whether ye be in heaven, 0 Indra-Agni, on earth, on mourn\ntains, in the herbs, or waters,\nEven from thence, ye mighty Lords, come hither, and drink\nlibations of the flowing Soma,\n12 If, when the Sun to the mid-heaven hath mounted, ye take\ndelight in food, 0 Indra-Agni,\nEven from thence, ye mighty Lords, come hither, and drink\nlibations of the flowing Soma.\n13 Thus having drunk your fill of our libation, win us all kinds\nof wealth, Indra and Agni.\nThis prayer of ours mayVarana grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nCIX. Indra-Agni,\nLonging for weal I looked around, in spirit, for kinsmen,\nIndra-Agni, or for brothers.\nNo providence but yours alone is with me: so have I wrought\nfor you this hymn for succour.\n2 For I have heard that ye give wealth more freely than worth-\nless son-in-law or spouse’s brother.\nSo offering to you this draught of Soma, I make you this ne\\y\nhymn, Indra and Agni,\n.\n3 Let us not break the cords : with this petition we strive to\ngain the powers of our forefathers.\n9 Inlowestearth incentral orinhighest inearth, midrair, orheaven, the\nwordearthbeingus,edloosely, forsphereorworld. Or the referencemay be\ntothefancifulthreefolddivisionoftheearth.\n2 Thanworthless son-in-laworspouse'sbrother the worthless or defective\nson-in-law, orsuitor,who hasnot, as Y&ska explains,the necessary qualifica-\ntions, isobligedtowin theconsentof hisfuturefather-in-lawby very liberal\ngifts. Themaiden’sbrothergivesherrichpresents out of naturalaffection.\n3 Letus not breakthecords let us not break or irterrupt thelongseries*\nof religiousritesobservedbyour ancestors and continued to our time. Or,\nas S&yanaexplains, let usnotcutor breakoff the long lineof posterity, but\nask for*and obtain fdescendants endowed withthe vigourof theirprogenh"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 138,
            "content": ": :: : ;\n1*2 THE HYMNS OP [POOP\nI.\nFor Indra-Agni the strong drops are joyful, for here in the\nbowl’s lap are both the press-stones.\n4 For you the bowl divine, Indra and Agni, presses the Soma\ngladly to delight you.\nWithhandsauspiciousandfair arms,ye Asvins, haste, sprinkle\nit with sweetness in the waters,\n5 You, I have heard, were mightiest, Indra-Agni, when Yritra\nfell and when the spoil was parted.\nSit at this sacrifice, ye ever active, on the strewn grass, and\nwith the juice delight you.\n6 Surpassing all men where they shout for battle, ye Twain ex-\nceed the earth and heaven in greatness.\nGreaterare ye than rivers and thanmountains, 0 Indra-Agni,\nand all things beside them.\n7 Bring wealth and give it, ye whosearmswieldthunder : Indra\nand Agni, with yourpowers protect us.\nNow of a truth these be the very sunbeams wherewith our\nfathers were of old united.\n8 Giv$, ye who shatter forts, whose hands wieldthunder Indra\n:\nand Agni, save us in our battles.\nThisprayer of ours may Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nCX. Kiblms.\nThe holy work I wrought before is wrought again : my sweet-\nest hymn is sung to celebrate your praise.\nHere, 0 ye Eibhus, is this sea forall the Gods : sate you with\nSoma offered with thehallowing word.\nThestrongdrops theexhilaratingSoma.\nInthehowl'slap close to the vessel which r —eceives the juice. But see\nLudwig,UeberdieneuestenArbeiten,etc. pp. 85 88.\n4 YeAsvins herecalledupontoperformtheduties of theAdhvaryu and\nhisassistantpriest,tomixthesweetness, orSoma, with water to be offered\nto IndraandAgni.\n7 Thesehetheverysunbeams: The meaningof the line maybe that the\nworship of Indra and Agni is the great bond which has keptthe Ttishi’a\nancestorsunited. Wilson,followingS&yana,translates: cMay those rays of\ntheSun,bywhichourforefathers have attained,together,aheavenlyregion,\nshinealsouponus.’\n• 1 Thissea foralltheGods this vessel containing Soma juice for all the\nGods, orfortheparticularclassof GodscalledVisvedev&horVisvedevas.\nThehalloieingword: Svdhd(Ave ! Hail !) anexclamation usedinmaking\noblationstotheGods,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 139,
            "content": "—\nHYMN 110.] THE ItIGVEDA. 143\n2 When, seeking your enjoyment onward from afar, ye, certain\nof my kinsmen, wandered on your way,\nSons of Sudhanvan, after yourlong journeying, ye came unto\nthe home of liberal Savitar.\n3 Savitar therefore gave you immortality, because ye came pro-\nclaiming him whom naught can hide ; ' •\nAnd this the drinking-chalice of the Asura, which till that\ntime was one, ye made to he fourfold,\n4 When they had served with zeal at sacrificeas priests, they,\nmortal asthey were, gained immortality.\nThe Bibhus, children of Sudhanvan, brightassuns, were in a\nyear’s course made associate with prayers.\n5 The Bibhus with a rod measured, as ’twere a field, the single\nsacrificial chalice wide of mouth,\nLauded of all who saw, praying for what is best, desiring glo-\nrious fame among Immortal Gods.\n6 As oil in ladles, we th4rou1gh knowledge will present unto the\nHeroes of the firmament ourhymn,\nThe Bibhus who came near withthis greatFather’sspeed, and\nrose to heaven’s high sphere to eat the strengthening food,\n7 Bibhu to us is Indrafreshest in his might, Bibhu with powers\nand wealth is giver of rich gifts.\nGods, through yourfavour may we on the happy day quell\nthe attacks ofthose who pour no offerings forth.\n8 Outofaskin, 0Bibhus, onceye formeda cow,and broughtthe-\nmother close unto her calf again.\nSons of Sudhanvan, Heroes, with surpassing skill ye made\nyour aged Parents youthful asbefore.\n^\n2 Seekingyourenjoyment: desirousof enjoyinglibationsof' Somajuice.\nMy kinsmen: Sudhanvan,fatherof theBibhus,was adescendantof Angl-\nras, aswasalso KutsatheIiishiofthehymn.\n3 Himwhom naughtcanhide; or, fromwhom nothingcan behidden,that\nis, Savitar astheSun.\nThedrinking-chdlice ofthe Asura; the cupthat hadbeen made by the\nAsuraorimmortalGodTvashtar. SeeL20. 6. This chaliceappearstobethe\nmoonwhichcontainstheAmritornectarof the Gods. Thelegendseemsto1\nmeanthat Tvashtar as Godoftheyearcreatedituniformly bright,and that\nt phh ae seB si .bhu Ss e, eas HiG lo led bs rao nf dtt ,he Yes cea 'sons,Mmad Peit 'four If .ol pd -o 5r 15.diversifiedwith four\n4 Associatewithprayers: \\— . heceremonies (appropriatedto\nthe differentseasons) oftheyear.’ Wilson,\n5 Measured: in ordertodivideitintofour, asissaidinverse 3.\n6 ThisgreatFather: SavitarastheSun,thesourceofalllife. Strengthening\nfood: Soma.\n8 Askin: perhapsthedried-upearth. A cow : theearthrefreshed bythe\nJlains. Themother: the earth. Her calf: theautumn Sun. Parents: Hea-\nvenandEarth,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 140,
            "content": ": :\n144 THE IIYMNS OF [BOOK 7.\n9 Help us with strength where spoil is won, 0 Indra joined\nwith the Ribhus give us varied bounty. :\nThis prayer of ours may Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nCXI. Ribhus.\nWorking with still theywrought thelightly rolling car : they\nwrought the Bays who bear Indra and bring great gifts.\nThe Ribhus for their Parents made life young again and fa-\n;\nshioned for the calf a mother by its side.\n2 For sacrifice make for us active vital power for skill and wis-\n;\ndom food with noble progeny.\nGrantto our companythis power most excellent, that with a\nfamily all-heroic we may dwell.\n3 Do ye, 0 Ribhus, make prosperity for us, prosperity for car,\nye Heroes, and for steed.\nGrantusprosperity victorious evermore, conquering foes in\nbattle, strangers or akin.\n4 Indra, the Ribhus’ Lord, I invooate for aid, the Ribhus, Y&jas,\nJdaruts to the Soma draught.\nYaruna, Mitra, both, yea, and the Asvins Twain : let them\nspeed us to wealth, wisdom, and victory.\n5 May Ribhu send prosperity for battle, may Y&ja conquering\nin the'fight protect us.\nThis prayer of ours may Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nV CXII. Asvins,\n^\nTo give first thought to them, I worship Heaven and Earth,\nand Agni, fairbright glow, to hasten their approach.\nCome hither unto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids wherewith\nin fightye speed the war-cry to the spoil.\n2 Ample, unfailing, they have mounted as it were an eloquent\ncarthatye may think of us and give.\nCome hither unto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids wherewith ye\nhelp our thoughts to further holy acts.\n4 Vdjas that is, Y&jaand histwobrothers Ribhu and Vibhvan, more\nusually called collectively the Ribhavah or Ribhus. Similarly, in this line\ntheRibhusareRibhu andhisbrothers,\nj\n1 Togivefirstthoughttothem .* Heaven andEartharetohethefirstobjects!\nof invocation, Agni, with his signalof brightfire, is also called uponto\nhastentheapproachoftheAsvinstothesacrifice.\n2 They ourofferings. Aneloquentcar: thechariotofour hymns, *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 141,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 112.] THE RIGYEEA. 145\n3 Ye by the might which heavenly nectar giveth you are in\n,\nsupreme dominion Lords of all these folk.\nCome hither unto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids wherewith ye,\nHeroes, made the barren cow give milk.\n4 The aids wherewith the Wanderer through his offspring’s\nmight, or the Two-Mothered Son shows swiftest mid the\nswift; —\n• Wherewith the sapient one acquired his triple lore, Come\nhither unto us, 0 Asvins, withthose aids.\n5 Wherewith ye raised from waters, prisoned and fast bound,\nEebha, and Vandana to look upon the light; —\nWherewith ye succoured Kanva as he strove to win, Come\nhither unto us, 0 Asvins, -with those aids.\n6 Wherewith ye rescued Antaka when languishing deep in the\npit, and Bhujyu with unfailing help, —\nAnd comforted Karkandhu, Vayya, in their woe, Come\nhither unto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n7 Wherewith ye gave Suchanti wealth and happy home, and\nmade the fiery pit friendlyfor Atri’s sake ; —\nWherewith ye guarded Purukutsa, Prisnigu, Come hither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n3 Heavenlynectar theSoma. Thebarrencow oftheBialiiSayu,\n4 The Wanderer: according to Sayana, the Wind. Agni is called his\noffspringashavingbeenexcitedintoflamebythe wind. Or MAtarisvan may\nbeintended (seeL 31. 3), whobroughtAgnifromheaven.\nTheTwo-MotheredSon\n:\nAgnisprungfromthetwofire-sticks.\nThesapientone: saidtohe the Bishi Kakshiv&n. His triplelore: know-\nledgeofsacrificialfood, oblationsof clarified butter, and libations of Soma\n‘juice. Themeaningofthepassageisuncertain.\n5 Mebhaand VandanaaresaidtohavebeenthrownintowellsbytheAsuras\nordemons, Kanvawas somewhatsimilarlytreated. ‘Inthese,andsimilarin-\nstancessubsequentlynoticed/saysWilson, ‘we maypossiblyhaveallusions to\nthedangersundergonebysomeofthefirstteachersof Hinduismamong the\npeoplewhomtheysoughtto civilize/\n6 Antaka : saidtohavebeenaBajarshiorregalBishi. Bhujyu : aB&jarshi,\nsonofTugra,rescuedwhenindangerof drowning. Vayya: seeII. 13. 12 ;\nIY. 19. 6.\n7 Purukutsa see I. 63. 7. Of Suchanti and Prisnigu nothing more is\nrelated.\nAtri see I. 45. 3; 51. 3. He issaidto havebeenthrownbythe Asurasinto\nafierypit.\n10 ^0^"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 142,
            "content": "; : ; :\nTEE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n146\n8 Mighty Ones, with what powers ye gave Paravrij aid what\ntime ye made the blind and lame to see and w —alk\n;\nWherewithye setat liberty the swallowedquail, Come hither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n9 Wherewith yequickened the most sweet exhaustless flood, and\n•comforted Vasishtha, ye who ne’er decay ; —\nAnd to Srutarya, Kutsa, Narya gave yourhelp, Come hither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with thoseaids.\n10 Wherewith ye helped, in battle ofa thousand spoils, Vispalfc\nseeking booty, powerless to move. —\nWherewith ye guarded friendlyYasa,Asva’sson, Comehither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n11 Whereby the cloud, ye Bounteous Givers, shed sweet rain\nfor Dirghasravas, for the merchant Ausija, —\nWherewithye helped Kakshiv&n, singer of your praise, Come\nhitherunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n12 Wherewith ye made Hasa swell full with water-floods, and\nurged to victory the car without a horse —\nWherewith Trisoka drove forth his recovered cows, Come\nhither unto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n8 Pardvrij: accordingtoSflyana, thenameofaman. Benfey explainsthe\nwordasthesettingSun (sidewaysdeparting),calledblindbecausehislightis\nnearlygone,andlamebecausehe no longer travels. The swallowed quail\nswallowed, orseized,byawolf. Thequailissaid by Yftska, as quoted by\nS!dyana, tosignifytheDawn seizedandswallowedbythebrightSum Benfey\ntakesittomeanthe Sunaftersetting.\n9 Astheearliestbringersoflight,theAsvinsmaybesaid to quickenand\nanimateby theircomingthestreamsoftheocean of air. We are nottold\nhowthefamous Vasishthawascomforted;andSrutarya,Kutsa andNarya are\n,\nmerelysaidbyS&yanatobethreeRishis. Kutsahasbeenmentionedbefore.\nSee I. 33. 14 ; 51.6 ; 63. 3. ’ *\n10 Vispald aladywhowaswoundedinbattle,and made whole by the\nAsvine. See1,116, 15 ; 117. 11 ; 118. 8 ;X. 89.8. Powerlessto move ;pierced\nthrough withalance,accordingtoLudwig. Themeaningof atharvyamisun-\ncertain. Fn-sa.* a celebratedRishi,theseerofHymn VIIJ. 46.\n11 Dirghasravas saidtobeaRishiwhotradedforhislivelihood. Ausija\nhapatronymicmeaningsonofUsij. KaJcshtvdnis alsosaid to havebeen a\nson ofUsij, SeeI. 18. 1.\n12 Basd : ‘ TheRas&,knowntotheZoroastriansasthe Ranhd,wasorigin-\nallythenameofa realriver, butwhenthe Aryasmovedaway fromit into\nthePunjab,itassumedamythicalcharacter, and becameakind of Okeanos,\n—\nsurroundingthe extreme limits of the earth,’ M. Huller, Vedic Hymns,\nI. 323. Nofurtheraccountisgiven oftheeventsmentionedinthisverse."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 143,
            "content": ": : ::; ; ;\nHYMN 112.] the mar mba. 147\n13 Wherewithyecompass round the Sun when faraway,strengths\nened MandMtar in his tasks as lord of lands,—\nAnd to sage Bharadvaja gave protecting help, Come hither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n14 Wherewith, when Sambara was slain, ye guarded well great\nAtithigva, Divodasa, Kasoju, * —\nAnd Trasadasyu when the forts w-ere shattered down, Come\nhither unto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n15 Wherewith ye honoured the great drinker Vamra, and Upas-\ntuta and Kali when he gained his wife, —\nAnd lent to Vyasva and to Prithi favouring help, Come\nhither unto us, 0Asvins, with those aids.\n1*6 Wherewith, 0 Heroes, ye vouchsafed deliverance to Sayu\nAtri, and to Manu longago —\nWherewith ye shot your shafts in Syumarasmi’s cause, Come\nhither unto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n17 Wherewith Patharva, in his majesty of form, shone in his\ncourse like to a gathered kindled fire —\nWherewithye helpedSaryatainthe.mightyfray, Comehither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n13 TheAsvins.aresaidto compass the Sun in order to .save him from\neclipse.\nMandh&tar : aR&jarshi orregalRish'i. SeeVIII. 39. 8.\nPhavadv&ja averycelebratedRishi,saidtobethe sonofBrihaspati.\n:\n14 Sambara : oneofthe demonsofdroughtslainbyIndra. Sayana takes\natithigvdmandkasojum asepithetsof Divod&sathe kingwho was aided by\ntheAsvins : ‘thehospitableDivod&saashesoughtthewater(through fearof\ntheAsuras).’ Trasadasyu : aprincerenownedforhisvictoriesand liberality,\nandforthefavourshownhimbythe Gods. See IY. 42. 9; VII. 19,. 3 ; YHI.\n9. 21 ; 19. 36 ; 36. 7.\n15 Vamra calledaRish'i, son ofVikhanas, by SHyana. ‘‘The test calls\nI... * much and variously,—which the Scholiast explains,\nt., '- ' , .-'thlymoistureor dew.5 Wilson. Benfey thinks that\nJ , ,rthenameYamra.\nUpastuta; takenbySayanaas anepithetofYamra, *praisedby allaround\nhim.’\nKali aRishi,mentionedagain.inX. 39,. 8. 'TheAsvinsmayhaverestored\nhimtoyouth.\nVyasva takenbySayanaasan epithetofPrithi, *horseless,nrwhohadlost\nhishorse.’ PrithiissaidtohavebeenaR&jarehi.\n16 Sayu ; seenoteon verse 8 ofthisHymn;-seealso I. 116. 22 ; 117. 20.\nA Mt ar ni u: :se te hin so Mte anon uv ie sr ss ae id7 b;yal Ss &o yI a. n1 a1 t6 o. 8 h. ave been a Rajarshi whom the\n.Asvinstaughttosowbarleyand.othergrain,\nSydmaraxmi saidtohavebeen aRishi, seerofhymns 77,78,BookX.\n17 Patharvd: saidbyS&yanatohave beenaR&jarshi. Benfey thinks that\nLth ue dww io grdp coa nt sh ia dr ev ra sn, Sais yaa nadi ’a sle ect xi pc la al nf ato ir om nof (wp ha it cr hdrv Ia hn a,v4 eha fv oi ln lg oww ei dn )ge td oho br eses e. r’\n~\n.roneouBandimpossible He thinks that Palh&ru was the name o.f some"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 144,
            "content": "—\n: :: :: : ; ; ;\n148 TEE EYMiYS OF [BOOK L\n18 Wherewith, Angirases ye triumphed in your heart, and\n1\nonward wentto liberate the hood of milk\nWherewith ye helped the hero Manu with new strength,\nCome hitheruntous, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n19 Wherewith ye brought a wife forYimada to wed, wherewith\nye freely gave the ruddy cows away —\nWherewith ye carried home Sndevi to Sudas, Come hither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n20 Wherewith ye bring great bliss to him who offers gifts, where-\nwith ye have protected Bhujyu, Adhrigu, —\nAnd good and gracious SubhaiA and Bitastup, Come hither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n21 Whrerewith ye served Krisanu where the* shafts were shot,\nand helped theyoung man’s horse to swiftnes—sin the race\nWherewithyebringdelicioushoney tothebees, Come hither\nunto us, OAsvins, with those aids.\nstrongholdwhichtheAsvinssaved from burning, eitherthroughtheinstru-\nmentality of aman calledJatharaorbymeans'of the rain-clouds. Heac-\ncordinglyrenders: ‘Bymeansof which, atPatharft, through the powerof\nJathara (violence of the rain-clouds) the fire did not flame up, though\npreparedandlightedontheway.’ Thepassageisdifficult,andtheinterpreta-\ntionsputuponthewords hySayanacertainlyappeartobe forced,butonthe\nwhole I thinkitsafertofollowhisguidance. Imayobserve here that *na,1\nwhichintheVedameansboth ‘not’ and ‘like* sometimes makes the mean-\ning of a passage uncertain. InthislineS&yanatakesitinthelatter sense,\nandLudwiginthe former.\nSarydta perhapsthesameasSarv&ti,asonof ManuVaiva.svata.\n18 Angirases: thetexthasAngiras onlyin thesingularform, whichmay\nstand,asLudwigremarks,forthedual. Wilson,followingSftyana,translates:\n‘Angiras, (praisetheAsvins).’ S&yatiasupposes the Kishito addresshimself\nbythistitle. Benfeyjoinsangiras withthefollowingword, makinganyiro-\nmdnasd, ‘throughaffectionfortheAngirases.’\nThefloodof milk thecowsshut upin the oave, thatis, therain-clouds\npreventedfrompouri.ngouttheirwater.\nManu : seeverse16.\n9.1 l9 o jY Xi .ma 2d 0.a 10a ,Ki as nh di, Xw .ho 23s .e 7n .am Te ho ecc wu ir fs ea ig sa si an idin to1. h1 a1 v6 e. b1 e; en11 t7 h. e2 d0 au; g°V hI tII e. r\nof Purumitra.\nTheruddycows perhapstheredrain-clouds.\nSudds ; sonof Pijivana. SeeI.47.7.\n20 Bhujyu:seenoteonverse6. Adhrigu,takenbyS&yanaasapropername\nis said to have been' a sacrificer of the Gods. Bitastup is calledaKishi!\nS to&y qa uan la ift ya .kessuhhdrdmasanadjective,but hasto supplyisham food, for it-\ncel2 e1 stiE ai l/ Bi osd mn au . t Sh ee eK Ie Vr .es 2^ 7n .i 3.ofthe Avesta ; one of the guardians of the\nTheyoungman whosehorsewasaided, wasPurukutsa."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 145,
            "content": ":: : : ; ; : :\nHYMN 113.] THE RIGVEDA. 149\n22 Wherewithye speed the hero as he fights for kiiie in hero\nbattle, in the strife for land and sons, —\nWherewith ye safely guard his horses an<i his ear, Come\nhither unto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n23 Wherewith ye, Lords of Hundred Powers, helped Kutsa, son\nof Arjuni, gave Turviti and Habhitistrength—*\nFavoured Dhvasanti and lent Purushanti help, Come hither\nunto us, 0 Asvins, with those aids.\n24 Make ye our speech effectual, 0 ye Asvins, and thisourhymn,\nye mighty Wonder-Workers.\nIn luckless game I call onyou for succour : strengthenus also\non the field of battle.\n25 With undiminished blessings, 0 ye Asvins, for evermore both\nnight and day protect us.\nThis prayer of ours may Varuna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN CXIIL Dawn.\nThis light is come, amid all lights thefairest ; born is the bril-\nliant, far-extending brightness.\nNight, sent awayforSavitar’suprising, hathyieldedupa birth-\nplace for the Morning.\n2 The Fair, the Bright is comewith her white offspring; to her\nthe Hark One hath resigned her dwelling.\nAkin, immortal, following each other, changing their colours\nboth the heavens moveonward.\n3 Common, unending is the Sisters’ pathway taught by the\n;\nGods, alternately they travel.\nFair-formed, of different hues and yet one-minded, Night and\nHawn clash not, neither do they tarry.\n4 Bright leader of glad sounds, our eyes behold her splendid\n;\nin hue she hath unclosed the portals. *\n23 Kutsa has been mentioned beforeasa favourite of Indra. See I.\nV51 I,\n.\n6 2. 0.T 1u 3rvit 2i\n6.\n6.se Pe uI r. us36 h. an1 t8 i. D aab lh ibi et ri alps re ie nceI .I. S18 e. e9 IX; .15 5.. 89 .; 3.IV. 30, 21 ;\n-24 Inluc; kless game ; ametaphorborrowedfromdicing ; that is,'inatime\nofdifficulty, perhaps theeve of a desperate battle. S&yana,followingadif-\nferentderivation of the-word, explainsit, in the absenceof light, or illthe\nlastwatchofnight, whentheAsvinsare especially tobe worshipped.\n1 Savitar the Sun.\n2 Herwhiteofspring whitecloudsthatattendher. Or the word in the\ntextmayberendered 4brightoffspring/ the Sunwhomsheprecedes.\nBoththeheavens orDayandNight.\n4 Leader ofglad sounds awakenerof ‘thecharm of earliest birds5 and\nthejoyfulvoices of otheranimals."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 146,
            "content": ": ::\n150 THE HYMNS OF {BOOK L\n5\nShe, stirring tip the world, hath shown us riches : Dawn hath\n6 awakened every living creature.\nBich Dawn, she sets afoot the coiled-up sleeper, one for enjoy-\nment, one forwealth or worship,\nThose who saw little for extended vision. All living creature^\nhath the Dawn awakened.\nOne to high sway, one to exalted, glory, one to pursue his gain,\nand one his labour\nAll to regard their different vocations, all moving creatures\nhath the Dawn awakened.\n7 We see herthere, the Child of Heaven, apparent, the young\nMaid,flushing in her shining raiment.\nThou sovran Lady of all earthly treasure, flush on us here-,\nauspicious Dawn, this morning'.\n8 She, first of1 endless moms to come hereafter, followsthe path\nof moms thathave departed.\nDawn, atherrising, Urges forth the living: him who is dead\nshe wakesnot from his slumber.\n9 As thou, Dawn,-hast caused Agni tobe kindled, and with the\nSuiTs eye hast: revealed creation.\nAnd hastawakened men toofferworship,thouhastperformed,\n•\nforGods, a noble service.\n—\n10 How long a time, and they shall be together, Dawns that\nhave shone and Dawns to shine hereafter?\nSheyearnsforformer Dawnswitheagerlonging,andgoesforth\ngladly shining withthe’others\n11 Gone are the men who in the days before us looked on the\nrising of the earlier Morning.\nWe, we the living, nowbehold herbrightness, andthey come\nnigh who shall hereafter see her.\n5 Thosewhosawlittle.* duringthedarknessof night.\n6 Thisverr' -11 b toadivisionintofourcastesorclasses,regal\na sen pd arm ai tli et dar by y,\n:\n, tha end res se trv oi fle; theB hu yt mnve ,rs ae ns d4, ma5, yft pes re he am psto bebe\na\nlateradditiontoit.\n9 CausedAgnitobekindled daybreakbeing the proper time for lighting\nthesacrificialfires.\n10 Themeaningappears tobe : How long have we to live? When will\nallourfuture Hawnsbewith thosethathavepassed away ? Wilson, follow-\ning Sftyana, translates: ‘For how long a period is it that the dawnshave\nrisen? Forhowlongaperiodwilltheyrise?*\nSheyearns the Hawn that now shines as the firstof Dawns to comeis\nalreadyeagertojointhosethathavepast."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 147,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN 113.1 THE ElGYEDA. 151\n12 Foe-chaser, boraof Law, theLaw'sprotectress, joy-giver, waker\nof all pleasantvoices,\nAuspicious, bringing food for Gods' enjoyment, shine on us\nhere, most bright, 0 Dawn, this morning.\n13 From days eternal hath Dawn shone, the Goddess, and shows\nthis light to-day, endowed with riches.\nSowill she shine on days to come immortal she moves on in\nher own strength, undecaying. ;\n14 In the sky'sborders hath she shonein splendour the Goddess\n:\nhath thrown off the veil of darkness..\nAwakening*the world withpurplehorses, on her well-harnessed\nchariot Dawn approaches.\n15 Bringing all life-sustaining blessings with her, showing herself\nshe sends forth brilliant lustre.\nLast of the countless mornings that have vanished, first of\nbright morns to come hath Dawn arisen.\n16 Arise ! the breath, the life, again hath reached us : darkness\nhath passed away, and light approaoheth.\nShe for the Sun hath left a path to travel : we have arrived\nwhere men prolong existence.\n17 Singing the praises of refulgent Mornings with his hymn's web\nthe priest, the poet, rises.\nShine then to-day, rich Maid, on him who lauds thee, shine\ndown on us the gift of life and offspring.\n18 Dawns giving sons all heroes, kine and horses,, shining upon\nthe man who brings oblations,\nThese let the Soma-presser gain when ending his glad songs\nlouder than the voice of Vayu.\n19 Mother of Gods,Aditi’sformof glory, ensign ofsacrifice, shine\nforth exalted.\nRise up, bestowingpraiseonourdevotion all-bounteous, make\n:\nus chief among the people.\n20 Whateversplendid wealththe Dawns bring with them to bless\nthe man who offers praise and worship,\nEven that may Mitra, Varuna vouchsafe us, and Aditi and\nSindliu, Earth and Heaven.\n12 Evilspirits vanishwhenDawnappears. She comesin accordance with\nthe eternallaw of theuniverse whichshe observes and guards. Her coming\nisthesignalformento offeroblationstotheGods.\n16 Wheremenprolongexistence anewlifebeginsatthereturnofday-light.\n17 Hishymn’s xoeh: thewords whichhe weaves, orcarefullycomposes.\n18 Louder than the voiceof Vdyu louder even than the roaring of the\nwind. Wilson translates: cAt the conclusion of his praises, (enunciated),\nlike thewind, (.withspeed).’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 148,
            "content": "152 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\nHYMN CXIY. Rudra.\nTo the strong Rudra bring we these our songs of praise, to\nhim the Lord, of Heroes, with the braided hair,\nThat it be well with allour cattle and our men, that in this\nvillage ill be healthy and well-fed.\n.2 Be gracious unto us, 0 Rudra, bring us joy; thee, Lord of\nHeroes, thee with reverencewill we serve.\nWhatever healthandstrength our fatherManuwonbysacrifice\nmay we, under thy guidance, gain.\n3 By worship of the Gods may we, 0 Bounteous One, 0 Rudra,\ngain thy grace, Ruler of valiant men.\nCome to our families, bringing them bliss : may we, whose\nheroes are uninjured, bring thee sacred gifts.\n4 Hither we call foraidthewise, thewanderer,impetuousRudra,\nperfecter of sacrifice.\nMay he repel fromus the anger of the Gods verilywe desire\n:\nhis favourable grace.\n5 Him withthe braided hair we call with reverence down, the\nwild-boar of the sky, the red, the dazzling shape.\nMay he, his hand filled full of sovran medicines, grant us pro-\ntection, shelter, and a home secure.\n6 To himthe Maruts* Father is this hymn addressed, tostreng-\nthen Rudra’s might, a song more sweet than sweet.\nGrant us, Immortal One, the food which mortals eat be\ngracious unto me, my seed, myprogeny. :\n7 0 Rudra, barm not either great or small of us, harm not the\ngrowing hoy, harm not the full-grown man.\nSlay not a sire among us, slay no mother here, and to our\nown dear bodies, Rudra, do no harm.\n8 Harm us not, Rudra, in our seed and progeny, harm us not\nin the living, nor in cows or steeds.\nSlay not our heroes in the fury of thy wrath. Bringing\noblations evermore we call to thee.\n1 Rudra,; generally explained as the Roarer, from the sound of stormy\nwinds,theGodof tempestsand fatherof the Maruts. He is called Kapar-\ndinaswearinghairbraidedandknotted likeacowry shell (kaparda). Prof.\nPischel(YedischeStudien, I. 55. sqip) derivesRudra (the Red, the Brilliant)\nfromalostrootrud tobered.\n,\n2 Wonbysacrifice: thatis,asaninstitutorof earliestsacrifice,enabled us\ntoobtainbyofferingstotheGods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 149,
            "content": ": ;\n9\nHYMN 115.] THE RIGVEDA. 153\nEven as a herdsman I have brought thee hymns of praise\n0 Father of the Maruts, give us happiness. :\nBlesshd is thy most favouring benevolence, so, verily, do we\ndesire thy saving help.\n10 Far us,be 0t th hy ouda Lr ot rt dha ot\nf\nk Hi el rl oe et sh .men or cattle\n;\nthy,bliss be with\nBe gracious unto us, 0 God, and bless us, and then vouchsafe\nus doubly-strong protection.\n11 We, seeking help, have spoken and adored him may Budra,\n:\ngirt by Maruts, hear our calling.\nThis prayer of ours may Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sindhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN\nCXV.\nSfirya.\nThe brilliant presence of the Gods hath risen, the eye of\nMitra, Yaruna and Agni.\nThe soul of all that moveth not or moveth, the Sun hath\nfilled the air and earth and heaven.\n2' Like as a young man followeth a maiden, so doth the Sun\nthe Dawn, refulgent Goddess\nWhere pious men extend their generations, before the\nAuspicious One for happy fortune.\n3 Auspicious are the Sim’s Bay-coloured Horses, bright, chang-\ning hues, meet for our shouts of triumph.\nBearing our prayers, the sky’s ridge have they mounted, and\nin a moment speedround earth and heaven.\n4 This is the Godhead, this the nrght of Surya : he hath\nwithdrawn what spread o’er work unfinished.\nWhen he hath loosed his Horses from their station, straight\nover all Night spreadoth out her garment.\n9 Even as a herdsman as aherdsman prays for the well-being of his\ncattle, sothepoetpraysfortheprosperityofthosefor whom liespeaks.\n2 The exact meaning of the second line is somewhat -uncertain. AsI\nhave rendered it, inaccordance with Ludwig, it reminds one ofShelley’s,\nfMan, theimperialshape,then multiplied Hisgenerationsunderthe pavilion\nOf the Sun’s throne.’ Wilson, following S£ ’ \" ‘At which\nseason pious men perform (the ceremonies ^es,’ S&yana\nproposes an alternative rendering by taking ynglni (gener, ations, ages,)to\nm goe da sn bf yyo tk he es prf oo fr itpl wo hu ig ch hs’ a; g* rf io cr u, lta ut reth yi is els de sa ,so en q, uim pe tn hes ie rek pli on ug ght so .’propi.tiatethe\ndes4 istH se fh ra ot mh hw isit lh ad traw .n : that ’is, us na fy is nisW hi el ds ,on u, po‘ nth te hecu sl et ti tv ia nt gor ofo tr heart si us na ’n\n;\nwhen thesun 4has \\ / himself) the diffused (lightwhich has\nbeenshed)upontheunfinishedtask,’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 150,
            "content": "::: :\n154 TEE EYMNS OF [BOOK 1,\n5 In the shy's lapthe Sun thisform assumeth that Yaruna and\nMitra may behold it.\nHis Bay Steeds well maintain his power eternal, at one time\nbright and darksome at another.\n6 This day, fO Gods, while Surya is ascending, deliver us from\ntrouble and dishonour.\nThis prayer of ours may Yaruna grant, and Mitra, and Aditi\nand Sin:lhu, Earth and Heaven.\nHYMN CXYI. Asvins.\nI trim like grass my song for the Nasatyas, and send their\nlauds forth as the wind drives rain-clouds,\nWho, in a chariot rapid asan arrow, brought to the youthful\nYimadaa consort,\n2 Borne on byrapid steeds of mighty pinion, or proudly trust-\ning in the Gods' incitements.\nThat stallion ass of yours won, 0 Nasatyas, that thousand in\nthe race, in Yama’s contest.\n3 Yea, Asvins, as a dead man leaves his riches, Tugra left Bhuj-\nyu in the cloud of waters.\nYe brought him back in animated vessels, traversing air, un-\nwetted by tbe billows.\n& Bhujyu ye bore with wingfcd things, Nasatyas, whichfor three\nnights, three days full swiftly travelled.\nTo the sea’s farther shore, the strand of ocean, in three cars,\nhundred-footed, with six horses.\n5 Ye wrought that hero exploit in the ocean which giveth no\nsupport, or hold, orstation,\nWhat time ye carried Bhujyu to his dwelling, borne in a ship\nwith hundred oars, 0 Asvins.\n5 Hispowereternal ,asmakerandrulerofdayandnight.\nThisHymnandthefivefollowingareascribedtothe RishiKakshiv&n,\n1 Grass thesacredgrasswhichisspreadonthealtar.\nNdmtyas acommonnameoftheAsvins. SeeI. 3. 3.\nYimuda theAsvinsassistedVimada, who was attacked when returning\nhomewithhisnewly-wonbride, whomtheycarriedtohishouse intheirown\nchariot. MostofthedeedsascribedtotheAsvinsin this hymn have been\nmentionedinI. 112.\n2 Stallionass; thatdrawsthe caroftheAsvins. SeeI. 34. 9.\nTama’scontest apparentlytheraceinstitutedbythe Gods when Praj&pati\n(hererepresentedby Yama) gavehis daughter Suryain marriageto King\nSoma, theMoon,asrelatedinAitareya-Br&hmana, IY. 2. SeeEhni, Der My-\nthus des Yama,p. 160.\n3 Bhujyu : see I. 112, 6.\n5 *This,’ observesWilson, eisaratherunintelligibleaccount of asea-voy-\nage,althoughthewordsofthetestdonotadmitofanyotherrendering.’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 151,
            "content": "—\n;: ::\nHYMN\n116.]\nTEE REEVEDA.\n155\n6 The white horse which of old ye gave Aghasva, Asvins, a gift\nto be his wealth for-ever,\nStill to be' praised is that your glorious present, stillto be\nfamed is the brave horse of Pedu.\n7 0 Heroes, ye gave wisdom to Kakshiv&n who^sprang from\nPajra’s line, who sang your praises.\nYe poured forth from the hoof of your strong charger a hun-\ndred jars of wine as from a strainer\n8 Ye warded offwith cold the fire’s fierce burning food very\n;\n*rich in nourishment ye furnished.\nAtri, cast downward in the cavern, Asvins, ye brought, with\nall his people, forth to comfort.\n9 Ye lifted up the well, 0 ye NAsatyas, andset thebase on high\nto open downward.\nStreams flowed for folk of Gotama who thirsted, like rain to\nbring forth thousandfold abundance.\n10 Ye from the old Chyav&na, 0 Nasatyas, stripped, as ?twere\nmail, the skinupon hisbody,\nLengthened his life when all had left him helpless, Dasras !\nand made him lord of youthful maidens.\n11 Worthy of praise andworth the winning,Heroes, is that your\nfavouring succour, 0 Nasatyas,\nWhat time ye, knowing well his case, deliveredYandana from\nthe pit like hidden treasure.\n12 That mighty deed of yours, for gain, 0 Heroes, as thunder\nheraldeththe rain, I publish,\nWhen, by the horse’s head, Atharvan^s offspring Dadhyach\nmade known to you the Soma’s sweetness.\nvic6 iouA syh hd ors sv ea s.; ’an Po et dhe ur wn aa sm ae ro of yaP le Rd iu sh; io wr ha one wp oi rt sh he it po pf edPe td hu eA‘ sh va iv ni sng ah na dd wao sr\nthus rewarded.\n7 Kakshivdn; afamousIlishi, (seeI. 18. 1,) adescendantof the Pajrasor\nAngirases. Strongcharger thatis, the \"*v’’ 1“ud, from whichthe\naA nsv di tn hs ep fo ou ur ne td aid no Hw in ppc oo cp ri eo nu es .showers. Of. 1 , , ofthehorsePegasus\n8 Atri: seeI. 112, 7.\n9 Thewell thatisthe waterycloud. This deed isascribedtotheMaruts\nin I. 85. 11.\n10 Dasras a name oftheAsvins Wonder-Workers, orMighty Ones.\n;\n11 Vandana : seeI. 112. 5.\n12 By thehorses head fIndra, havingtaught the sciences called Pravcny\ngyavidydand MadhumdyiltoDadhyach, threatened thathe would cut offhis\nheadif everhetaughtthemto any oneelse. The Asvinsprevaileduponhim\nto teachthemtheprohibitedknowledge, and,toevade—Indra’sthreat, tookoff\nthehead ofthesage, replacingitbythatofa horse.’ Wilson. SeeI. 84. 13,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 152,
            "content": ";\n156 THE HYMNS OF tBOOK l*\n13 In the great rite the wise dame called, Nasatyas, you, Lords\nof many treasures, to assist her.\nYc heardthe weakling’s wife, as ’twere an order, and gave to\nher a son Hiranyahasta.\n14 Ye fromtjie wolfsjaws, as yestoodtogether, setfreethequail,\n0 Heroes, 0 Nasatyas.\nYe, Lords of many treasures, gave the poet his perfect vision\nas he mourned his trouble.\n15 Whenin the time of night, in Khela’s battle, a leg wasseveiled\nlike a wild bird’s pinion,\nStraight ye gave VispaH a leg of iron that she might move\nwhat time the conflict opened.\n16 His fatherrobbed Bijrasvaofhiseye-sight whofor theshe-wolf\nslew a hundred wethers.\nYe gavehimeyes,Nasatyas,Wonder-Workers, Physicians, that\nhe saw with sight uninjured.\n17 The Daughter of the Sun your car ascended, first reaching as\nit were the goal with coursers.\nAll Deities within their hearts assented, and ye, Nasatyas, are\nclose linked with glory,\n18 When to his house ye came, to Divodasa, hasting to Bharad-\nvaja, 0 ye Asvins,\nThe carthatcame with you brought splendid riches a por-\n:\npoise and a bull were yoked together.\nIB Theweakling'swife: orVadhrimati,whichhasthatmeaning.\n14 Setfreethequail: seeI. 112. 8.\n15 Khcla'$battle the Commentator says that IChelawas a whose\nrelativeVispal4lostafootinbattleandreceivedanironleg from the Asvins\nattheprayerof Agastya, Khela’sfamily priest. SeeI. 112. 10.\n16 Rijrdsva ,mentionedinI. 101.17,wasoneofthesonsofYrisMgir. The\nshe-wolfforwhom*heslaughteredthesheepwasoneoftheassesoftheAsvins\nindisguise, andtheAsvinsconsequentlyrestoredtohimtheeye-sightofwhich\nhis angryfather haddeprivedhim.\n17 The Daughter oftheSun : ‘Stirya, itis related, was desirousof giving\nhisdaughterSftrydtoSoma butall thegods desiredher asa wife. They\n;\nagreedthathewhoshouldfirstreachthesun,asagoal,shouldwed thedam-\nsel. TheAsvinswere victorious ; and —Sfiry4, wellpleased by theirsuccess,\nrushedimmediatelyinto theirchariot.’ Wilson. Seenoteon verse2oftills\nhymn.\n18 Divoddsa: see I. 112. 14. His family priest wasone ofthe Bliarad-\nvdjas. TheAsvins, it is said, yoked theporpoise andthe bull togetheras a\nproofofpower."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 153,
            "content": ":: ;\nHYMN 117.] THE RIGVEDA, 157\n19 Ye, bringing wealth with rule, and life with offspring, life rich\nin noble heroes, 0 Nasatyas,\nAccordant came with strength to JahmTs children whooffered\nyou thrice every day your portion.\n20 Ye bore away at night byeasy pathways Jahuslja compassed\nround on every quarter,\nAnd, with your car that cleaves the foe asunder, Nasatyas\nne’er decaying rent the mountains.\n!\n21 One morn ye strengthened Vasa forthe battle, to gatherspoils\nthat might be told in thousands.\nWith Indra joined ye drove away misfortunes, yea, foes of\nPrithusravas, 0 ye Mighty.\n22 From the deep well ye raised on high the water, so that Bich-\natka’s son, Sara, should drinkit\nAnd with your might, to help the weary Sayu, ye made the\nbarren cow yield milk, Nasatyas.\n23 To Visvaka, Nasatyas ! son of Krishna, the righteous man\nwho sought your aid and praised you,\nYe with your powersrestored, like some lost creature, his son\nVishuapu for liis eyes to look on.\n24 Asvins, ye raised, like Soma in a ladle, Bebha, who for ten\ndays and ten nights, fettered\nHad lain in cruel bonds, immersed and wounded, suffering\nsore affliction, in the waters.\n25 I have declared your wondrous deeds, 0 Asvins may this be\n:\nmine, and many kinc and heroes.\nMay I, enjoying lengthened life, still seeing, enter old age\nas ’twere the house I live in.\nHYMN\nCXVTI. Asvins,\nAsvins, your ancient priest invites you hither to gladden you\nwith draughts of meath, of Soma.\nOur gift is onthegrass, our song apportioned : with food and\nstrength come hither, 0 N&satyas.\n19 Jahmi’schildren JahnuwasaMaharshiorgreatKishi.\n21 Vasa ; seel. 112. 10. Prithusravas appears tobe identicalwith Prb\nthusravas Kanita, mentionedinVIII. 46. 21, whosefamilypriestwasVasa.\n22 Sayu : hasbeen mentionedin I. 132, 16. OfSarain this verse and of\nVisvaka, Krishna, andVi&hn&puinthenextweareonlytold thatthey were\nBishis.\n24 Pehha: seel. 112. 5.\n25 Maythishemine mayIhe masterof thisplaceor district, asubstan-\ntiveof somesuchsignificationbeingunderstood."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 154,
            "content": "—\n:::: : : ; !\n153 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\n2 That car of yours, swifter than thought, 0 Asvins, which\ndrawn by brave steeds cometh to the peop—le,\nWhereonye seek the dwelling of the pious, come ye thereon\nto our abode, 0 Heroes.\n3 Ye-freed sage Atri, whom tire Five Tribes honoured, from the\nstrait pit, ye Heroes, with his people,\nBaffling the guiles of the malignantJDasyu, repelling them, ye\nMighty, in succession.\n4 Rebha the sage, ye mighty Heroes, Asvins I whom, like a\nhorse, vile men had sunk in water,\nHim, wounded, with your wondrous powers ye rescued your\n:\nexploits of old time endure for ever.\n5 Ye brought forth Vandana, ye Wonder-Workers, for triumph,\n.\nlike fair gold that hath been buried,\nLike one who slumbered in destruction’s bosom, or like the\nSun when dwelling in the darkness.\n6 KakshivUn, Pajra’s son, must laud that exploit of yours,\nNasatyas, Heroes, ye who wander\nWhen from the hoof of your strong horse ye showered a\nhundred jars of honey for the people.\n7 To Krishpa’s son, to Visvaka who praised you, 0 Heroes, ye\nrestored his son Vishnapu.\nTo Ghoshft, living in her father’s dwelling, stricken in years,\nye gave a husband, Asvins.\n8 Rushatt, of the mighty people, Asvins, ye gave to Syava of\nthe line of Kanva.\nThis deed of yours, ye StrongOnes, should be published, that\nye gave gloryto the son of Nrishad.\n9 0 Asvins, wearing manyformsat pleasure, onPedu ye bestow-\ned a fleet-foot courser,\nStrong, winner of a thousand spoils, resistless, the serpent-\nslayer, glorious, triumphant.\n3 Atri: seeI. 116. 8. TheFive Tribes: aretheconfederateAryanfamilies\nnamedinthenoteto I.7. 9.\n4 Rebha seeI. 112. 5. Likeahorse sunkdeepinwaterlikeahorsewhen\nheisbathedinariver.\nf» Vandana: seeI. 116. 11.\n6 Kalcshtvdn: see I. 116. 7. Stronghorse seel. 116. 7.\n7 Ghoshd Kakshiv&n’s daughter,said tohave beenafflictedwith leprosy\nandhealedbytheAsvins,whofoundherahusband.\n8 Stjdva allishiwhomtheAsvinscuredof leprosy, andenabled tomarry\nPushati. Thesonof Nrishad KanvaorhisdescendantSy&va.\n9 Pedu seeI. 116. 6. Theserpent-slayer: seeIX. 88. 4, andHymnsofthe\nAtharva-veda, X. 4, 47."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 155,
            "content": "—\n: :::\nHYMN 117.] THE RIGVEDA, 159\n10 These gloriousthings are yours, ye Bounteous Givers; prayer,\npraise in both worlds areyour habitation.\n0 Asvins, when the sons of Pajracall you, send strength with\nnourishment to him who knoweth.\n11 Hymned with the reverence of a son, O Asvins, ye Swift Ones\ngiving booty to the singer,\nGlorified by Agastya with devotion, established Vispal& again,\nN&satyas.\n12 Ye Sons of Heaven, ye Mighty, whither went ye, sought ye\nfor his fairpraise the home of Kavya,\nWhen, like a pitcher full of gold, 0 Asvins, on the tenth day\nye lifted up the buried?\n13 Ye with the aid of your great powers, 0 Asvins, restored to\nyouth the ancient man Chyav&na.\nThe Daughter of the Sun with all her glory, 0 ye Niisatyas,\nchose your car to bear her,\n14 Ye, ever-youthful Ones, again remembered Tugra, according\nto your ancient manner *\n:\nWith horses brown of hue that flew with swift wings ye\nbrought back Bhujyu from the sea of billows.\n15 The son of Tugra had invoked you, Asvins borne on he went\n;\nuninjured through the ocean.\nYe with your chariot swift as thought, well-harnessed, carried\nhim ofl‘ 0 Mighty Ones, to safety,\nlfi The quail had invocated you, 0 Asvins, when from the wolfs\ndevouring jaws ye freed her.\nWith conquering ear ye eleft the mountain's ridges ; the off-\nspring of Visvaeh fe killed with poison.\n•\n17 He whom for furnishing a hundred wethers to the she-wolf,\nhis wicked father blinded,\nTo him, Hijrasva, gave ye eyes, 0 Asvins; light to the blind\nye sent for perfect vision.\n11 Agastya thefamilypriestof Ivhela. See 1. 116. 15.\n12 Kdvya Usan&, sonof Kavi, SeeI. 83. 6. The buried ; Rebha. The\nmeaningis, *whydidyedelaysolongtherescueof Rebha ?*\n13 Ohyavdna: seeI. 116. 10. TheDaughterof theSun : seeX. 116. 17.\n14 Yebrought bachBhujyu; see I. 116. 3.\n16 Thequail seeI. 116. 14. F?'ai?c2c7i; said tobe anAsuraorfiend.\n17 jRijrdsva seel. 116. 16."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 156,
            "content": ": ; :\n160 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I\n.\n18 To bring the blind man joy thus criedtheshe-wolf 0 Asvins,\n:\n0 ye Mighty Ones, 0 Heroes,\nFor me Rijr&sva, likea youthfullover, hath cut piecemeal one\nand a hundred wethers,\n19 Great and weal-giving is your aid, 0 Asvins, ye, objects of all\nthought, made whole the cripple.\nPurandhi also for this cause invoked you, and ye, 0 Mighty,\ncame to her with succours.\n20 Ye, Wonder-Workers, filled with milk for Sayu the milkless\ncow, emaciated, barren\n;\nAnd by your powers the child of Purumitra ye brought to\nYimadato be hipconsort.\n21 Ploughing and sowing barley, 0 ye Asvins, milking out food\nfor men, ye Wonder-Workers,\nBlasting away theDasyuwithyourtrumpet, yegavefar-spread-\ning light unto the Arya.\n22 Ye brought the horse’s head, Asvins, and gave it unto Dadh-\nyach the offspring of Atharvan.\nTrue, be revealed to you, 0 Wonder-Workers, sweet Soma,\nTvashtar’s secret, as your girdle.\n23 0\n'\nS ma yges p, rae yv ee rsr ,mo 0re AsI vic nr sa .ve your favour : be gracious unto all\nGrant me, Nasatyas, riches in abundance, wealth famous and\naccompanied with children.\n24 With liberal bounty to theweakling’sconsort ye, Heroes, gave\na son Hiranyahasta\nAnd Sy&va, cut into three several pieces, ye brought to life\nagain, 0 bounteous Asvins.\n25 These your heroic exploits, 0 ye Asvins, done in the days of\nold, have men related.\nMay we, addressing prayer to you, ye Mighty, speak with\nbrave sons about us to the synod.\n19 Purandhi: orasSfiyanaexplains, 4thewisemaid/ Ghoshs.\n20 Sayu: see I. 112. 16 ; and I. 116. 22. Vimada: seeI. 112. 19.\n22 JOadhyach: seel. 116. 12. Asyourgirdle to strengthen and support\nyou.\n24 Theweakling'sconsort see I. 116.13. Sydva: cut to pieces by the\nAsuras, wasmadewholebytheAsvins.\n25 Thesynod: thecongregationof worshippers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 157,
            "content": "—\nm\nHYMN 118.] THE RIOVEDA,\nHYMN CXVIIL Asvins.\nFlying, with falcons, may yourchariot, Asvins, most gracious,\nbringing friendly help, come hither,\nYour chariot, swifter than the mind of mortal, fleet as the\nwind, three-seated,-,0 ye Mighty. *\n2 Come to us with your chariot triple seated, three-wheeled, of\ntriple form, that rolleth lightly.\nFill full our cows, give mettle to our hprses, and make each\nhero son grow strong, 0Asvins.\n3 With your well-rolling car, descending swiftly, hear this the\npress-stone’s song, ye Wonder-Workers.\nHow then have ancient sages said, 0 Asvins, that ye most\nswiftly come to stay affliction?\n4 0 Asvins, let your falcons bear you hither, yoked to your\nchariot, swift, with flying pinions,\nWhich, everactive, liketheairyeagles, carry you, 0 N&satyas,\nto the banquet.\n5 The youthful Daughterof the Sun, delighting in you, ascend-\ned there your chariot, Heroes.\nBorne on their swift wings letyour beauteous horses, your\nbirds of ruddy hue, convey you near us.\n6 Ye raised up Yandana, strong Wonder-Workers ! with great\nmight, and with power ye rescued Rebha.\n10 From out the sea ye saved the son of Tugra, and gave his\nyouth again unto Chyavana.\n7 To Atri, cast down to the fire that scorched him, ye gave, O\nAsvins, strengthening food and favour.\nAccepting his fair praises withapproval, yegave his eyesagain\nto blinded Kanva.\n8 For ancient Sayu in his sore affliction ye caused his cow to\nswell with milk, 0 Asvins.\nThe quail from her great misery ye delivered, and a new leg\nfor Vispala provided.\n9 A white horse, Asvins, ye bestowed on Pedu, a serpent-slaying\nsteed sent down by Indra,\nLoud-neighing, conquering the foe, high-mettled, firm-limbed\nand vigorous, winning thousand treasures.\nSucli as ye are, 0 nobly born, 0 Heroes, we inourtrouble call\non you for succour.\n5 In this and the following verses mostof thewonderful deeds of the\nAsvinsmentioned in theprecedinghymnarebriefly referred to,\n11"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 158,
            "content": ":\n162 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 1.\nAccepting these our songs, for our well-being come to us on\nyour chariot treasure-laden.\n11 Comeuntouscombinedin love,N&satyas come withthefresh\n;\nswift vigour of the falcon.\nBearing oblations I invoke you, Asvins, at the first break of\neverlasting morning.\nHYMN\nCXIX.\nAsvins,\nHither, that I may live, I call unto the feast your wondrous\ncar, thought-swift, borne on by rapid steeds,\nWith thousand banners, hundred treasures, pouring gifts,\npromptly obedient, bestowing ample room.\n2 Even as it moveth near my hymn is lifted up, and all the re-\ngions come together to sing praise.\nI sweeten the oblations; now the helpers come. Urjani hath,\n0 Asvins, mountedonyour car.\n3 When striving man with man for glory they have met, brisks\nmeasureless, eager for victory in fight,\nThen verily yourcar isseen upon theslopewhen ye, 0 Asvins,\nbring some choice boon to the prince.\n4 Ye came toBhujyuwhile hestruggled inthe flood, with flying\nbirds, self-yoked, ye bore him to his sires.\nYe went to the far-distanthome, 0 Mighty Ones and famed\n;\nis your great aid to Divodasagiven.\n5 Asvins, the car which you had yoked for glorious show your\nown two voices urged directed to its goal.\nThen she who cameforfriendship, Maidof noble birth, elected\nyou as Husbands, you to be her Lords.\n6 Bebha ye saved from tyranny for Atri’s sake ye quenched\n;\nwith cold the fiery pit that compassed him.\nYe made the cow of Sayu stream refreshing milk, and Van-\ndana was holpen to extended life.\n2 Urjdnt: strength, personified. According to S&yana, Lrj&ui is Suryft\nthedaughterof theBun.\n3 Upon theslope thatis,of thesky.\n4 Bhujyu\n,\nand other personsand incidents referredtointhis hymnhave\nbeenmentionedinT.116.\n6 She who camefor friendship : Silryd. The meaning seems to be, as\nLudwigsays, thatshecameintendingto avail lierself of the servicesof the\nAsvinsasbridesmen, andthattheybecameherbridegroomsinstead."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 159,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN 120,] THE RIGVEDA. m\n7 Doers of marvels, skilful workers, ye restored Vandana, like a\ncar, worn out with length of days.\nFrom earth ye brought the sage to life in wondrous mode:\nbeyour great deeds don^ e here for him who honours you.\n£ Ye went to him who mourned in a far distant place, him who\nwas left forlorn by treachery of his sire.\nRich with the light of heaven was, then the help ye gave, and\nmarvellous your succour when ye stood by him.\n9 To you in praise of sweetness sang the honey-bee Ausija\n:\ncalleth you in.Soma’s rapturous joy.\nYe drew unto yourselves the spirit of Dadhyaeh, and then the\nhorse’s head uttered his words to you.\n10 A horse did ye provide for Pedu, excellent, white, 0ye Asvins,\nconqueror of combatants,\nInvincible in warby arrows, seeking heaven, worthy of fame,\nlike Indra, vanquisher of men.\nHYMN CXX. Asvm&\nAsvins, what praise may win your grace ? Who may be pleas-\ning to you both%\nHow shall the ignorant worship you ? —\n2 Here let the ignorant ask the means of you who know for\nnone beside you lmoweth aught\nNot of a spiritless mortal mam\n3 Such as ye are, all-wise, we call you. Ye wise, declare to u»\nthisclay accepted prayer.\nLoving you well your servant lauds you.\n8 Tohimwhomourned Bhujyu.\n9 Thehoney-bee meaningAusijaorthebothof Uaij,the sageKakshMn.\nWithregardtothelegendsrecountedin these hymns to the Asvins, Hr*\nMuir remarks. (0.& Texts, V. 248): ‘The deliverancesof Rebha,Vandana,\nParavrij, Bhujyu, ChyavS.ua, .and othersare explainedby Professor Benfey\np(f ho el nl oow mi en ng aDr w. itK hu wh hn ica hnd thePr Ao sf ve is nso sr aM ru el sl uer p, p) osa es dr be yfer tr hi en sg est co hoc le ar rt sai tn op bh eys ci oc na -l\nnected. Butthisallegorical method of \"eems unlikely to be\ncorrect,asitis difficultto suppose that in question should\nhave been alluded to undersuchavariety of namesand circumstances. It\n.appears, therefore, tobemoreprobablethattherxshismerely referto certain\nlegeuds’whichwerepopularly currentof interventionsof theAsvinsinbehalf\nof thepersonswhosenamesarementioned.'\nPartsof thisHymnaredifficult and olecure. The first nine stanzas are\nin ninedifferentmetres,\n2 In line2 Iadopt Ludwig’semendationalcrntau foraJcrauof the text."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 160,
            "content": ":: ;\n164 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n4 Simply, ye Mighty Ones, I ash the Gods of that wondrous\noblation hallowed by the mystic word.\nSave us from what is stronger, fiercer than ourselves.\n5 Forth go the hymn that shone in Ghosha Bhrigu’s like, the\nsong wherewith the son of Pajraworships you,\nLike some wise minister.\n§ Hear ye the song ofhim who hastens speedily, 0 Asvins, I\nam he who sang your praise,\nHither, ye Lords of Splendour, hither turn your eyes.\n7 For ye were ever nigh to deal forth ample wealth, to give the\nwealth that ye had gathered up.\nAs such, ye Vasus, guard us well, and keep us safely fromthe\nwicked wolf.\n8 Give us not up to any man who hateth us, nor let our milch-\ncows stray, whose udders give us food,\nFarfrom ourhomes without their calves.\n9 May they who love yougain you fortheirFriends, Prepareye\n•\nus for opulence with strengthening food,\nPrepare us for the food that floweth from our cows.\n10 1 have obtained the horseless car of Asvins rich in sacrifice,\nAnd Iam well content therewith.\n11 May it convey me evermore : may the light chariot pass from\nmen\nTo men unto the Soma draught.\n12 Itholdeth slumber in contempt, and the rich who enjoyeth\nnot\nBoth vanish quickly and are lost.\nHYMN\nCXXI.\nInch*a.\nWhen will men’s guardians hasting hear with favour the song\nof Angiras’s pious children?\nWhen to the people of the home he cometh, hestrideth to the\nsacrifice, the Holy,\nan4 obH la al tl ioo nwe td ob ay Gt oh dem wy is tt hic fiw reo .rd T: hib sy wt oh re de ix sc ol fam ta ht eio mn osv tds eh sa st e, ntu is ae ld ii mn pom ra tk ai nn cg\ne\ninsacrifice,butif carelesslyandinconsiderately used its effects are deadly,\nandagainstthesetheRishi’praysforprotection.\n5 Ghosha, S&yanasaysthat Suhastya,thesonof Ghoshft,isintended.\nThesonofPajra, oneof thedescendants of theAngirases here, accord-\ningtoS&yana,theRishiICakshiv&n. ;\nInthisHymn,asinthepreceding, thereareseveral very obscure passages\nwhichcan onlyconjecturallybe translatedand explained."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 161,
            "content": "; :;; : ;\nHYMN 121.] the may Ei>a. 165\n2 He stablisbed heaven he poured forth, skilful worker, the\n;\nwealth of kine, for strength, that nurtures heroes.\nThe Mighty One his self-born host,regarded, the horse’s mate,\nthe mother of the heifer.\n3 Lord of red dawns, hecame victorious, daily to the Angirases*\nformer invocation*\nHis boltandteam hath heprepared, andstablished the heaven\nfor quadrupeds and men two-footed.\n4 In joy of this thou didst restore, for worship, the lowing com-\npany of hiddencattle.\nWhen the three-pointedone descendswith onslaught he opens\nwide the doors that Gause man trouble.\n5 Thine is that milk which thy swift-moving Parents brought\ndown, a strengthening genialgift for conquest\nWhen the pure treasure unto thee they offered, the milk shed\nfrom the cow who streameth nectar.\n6 There is he born. May the Swift give us rapture, and like the\nSun shine forth from yonder dawning,\nIndu, even us who drank, whose toils are offerings, poured\nfrom the spoon, with praise, upon the altar,\n2 TheMighty One : Indraisheresaidtohaveregarded or looted on the\nhosthornfrom, orproducedby him, that is, perhaps, the heaven and the\nearthingeneral. Speciallyhas heregardedtheanimalsin whichthewealth\nofthe people chieflyconsists, amongwhichthe mareand the cow naturally\nhold the chiefplace. Ludwig wouldread mdtaramgdminstead of mdtaram\ng6h. Hethinks thatthemateofthehorse (Sflrya)istheearth, the motherly\ncow. S&yanasaysthat Indrainsportmade a mare bring forth acalf, and\nWilsonfollowinghimtranslates; ‘hemadethe femaleofthe horseunnatur-\nallythemotherof the cow.’\n4 Injoy ofthis: intherapture arisingfromdrinking thisSomajuice.\nThe lowing company ofhiddencattle therain-cloudscarried off and kept\nconcealedby thePanis.\nThethree-pointed one apparently the thunderbolt. Sftyana takes it to\nmeanIndra (elevatedasatriplecrestinthethreeworlds). He : Indra.\n5 Thy swift-movingParents: HeavenandEarth.\n6 TheSwift theswiftlyflowingandefficaciousInduorSoma.\nWhosetoilsareofferings whose dropsofsweat,as we labour inoursaci’ed\nduties,countasoblationstotheGodswhom weserve.\nFrom yonderdawning probably anindication oftime only."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 162,
            "content": ": : : : : ;\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK\nI,\n7 When the wood-pile, made of good logs, is ready, at the Sun’s\nworship to bind fast the Bullock,\nThen when thou shinest forth through days of action for the*\nCar-bome, the Swift, the Cattle-seeker.\n8 Eight steads thoubroughtestdown from mighty heaven, when\nlighting for the well that giveth splendour.\nThat men might press with stones the gladdening yellow,\nstrengthened with milk, fermenting, to exalt thee.\n9 Thou hurledst forth from heaven the iron missile, brought by\nthe Skilful,fromthe sling of leather,\nWhen thou, 0 Much-invoked, assisting Kutsa with endless\ndeadlydarts didst compass Sushna.\n10 Bolt-armed, ere darkness overtook the sunlight, thou castest\nat the veiling cloud thy weapon,\nThou rentest, out of heaven, thoughfirmlyknotted, themight\nof Sushna that was thrown around him.\n11 The mighty Heaven and Earth, those bright expanses that\nhave no wheels, joyed, Indra, at thine exploit.\nVritra, the boar wholay amidthewaters, to sleepthou sentest\nwith thy mighty thunder.\n12 Mount Indra, lover of the men thou guardest, the well-yoked\nhorses of the wind, best bearers.\nThe bolt which Kavya Usana erst gave thee, strong, gladden-\ning, Vritra-slaying, hath he fashioned.\n13 The strong Bay Horsesof the Sun thou stayedst this Etasa\n:\ndrew not the wheel, 0 Indra.\nCasting them forth beyond the ninety rivers thou dravest\ndown into the pit the godless.\n7 Tobindfastthe Bullock theBullock isthe Sunhimself : thesacrificeis\ntosecurethe\"blessingsof sunlight. S&yanaexplains : thepriestiscompetent\nfortheattachmentof theanimalto the stake.\nThe Oar-borne,theSwift, the Cattle-seeker apparently appellationsofIndra.\n8 Thewellthatgivethsplendour thecloudthatsheds fertilizing rain.\nTheyellow theSomajuice.\n9 TheS/cilful Tvashtar.\nKdvya U§cm&: seeI. 51. 10.\n13 Thefirsthemistich of thisstanzaismostdifficult, and Idonotsee how\nitcan be satisfactorily translated and explained. 1have followed Gmssmnnn\nRwh eo n* netr ran ms ela ht res ih: r' RD aiu l,l 0ies Is ne ds rt a.’ruh In\nf\ntd he ir\ns\nS beon tn he\ne\ns mt ea ar nk ie ngR ,oss te h, ern ei fc eh rt enz co eg md ao yr\nbe, perhaps,to an eclipseof the sun.\nEtasa appearsin adoublecharacter,firstas asacrificerwhooffered Soma\njuiceto Indraand was aidedandfavouredbythat God(I. 51. 15), and second-\nly, Etasaisthe name of the horses orof one of the horses, orof thesingle"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 163,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 122.] THE RIGVEDA. 167\n14 Indra, preserve thou us from this affliction; Thunder-armed,\nsave us from the misery near us.\nVouchsafe us affluence in chariots, founded on horses, for our\nfood and fame and gladness.\n15 Nevermaythisthyloving-kindnessfailus; mightyinstrength,\nmay plenteous food surround us.\nMaghavan, make us share thefoemaits cattle maywe he thy\n;\nmost liberal feast-companions.\nHYMN\nCXXII. Visvedevas.\nSay, bringing sacrifice to bounteous Budra, This juice for\ndrink to you whose wrath is fleeting !\nWith Dyaus the Asura’s Heroes I have lauded the Maruts as\nwith prayer to Earth and Heaven.\n2 Strong to exalt the early invocation are Night and Dawn who\nshow with varied aspect.\nThe Barren clothes her in wide-woven raiment, and fair Morn\nshines with Surya's golden splendour.\n3 Cheer us the Boamerround, whostrikes atmorning, theWind\ndelight us, pourcr forth of waters !\nSharpen our wits, 0 Parvata and Indra. May all the Gods\nvouchsafe to us this favour.\nhorse, of SCiryaorthe Sun, especially,itseems, of the horsewho, duringthe\nnight, drawsbackthechariot of the Sunfrom the west totheeast. Inthis\nverse, according to M. Bergaigne, Etasa himself or hissubstitute (the word\n‘na’ which I havetaken tomean 1not’ being understood inits alternative\nsemse of 1like or as’)is represented asdrawing the wheel when Indra has\nstayed thecourse of the Harits orBay Horses ofthe Bun. Itisnot*difficult,\nsays M, Bergaigne, to reconcilethesetwo different conceptionsof the rdleof\nEtasa. A sacrificer especially favoured by Indra may representeitherthe\nsacrificial fire orthe S-miajuicethatis prepared, consecrated, and offered to\nthe God, and Soma, inthe Veda,is frequent—ly represented asa horse. See\nBergaigne, LaReligion Vediqae, Vol. II. 330 333.\n1 Themeaningofthisverydifficult verseappears tobe,thattheofferingof\nSo. majuiceispresentedtolludraandtohissonsthefiercebuteasilyappeased\nMarutsorStorm-Gods, whomthe poethaslaudedasthe HeroesofDyaus,the\nImmortal, and hasatthesametimesupplicatedtheDeitiesHeavenandEarth.\nWilson,following Sayana, paraphrasesthe secondhemistich : £I praise him\nwhowithhisheroic(followers) as (with shafts)from a quiver expelled (the\nAsuras)from heaven : and (Ipraise) theMaruts, (whoabide) betweenheaven\nandearth.’\n2 Thebarren; theunfruitfulNight\n;\ninwhichnoworkisdone.\n3 TheRoamevround : ithecircumambientdivinity,’ theWind.\nWhostrikesatmorning\n*\nperhaps,blowsawayall evilspiritsofthe night.\nParvata thepresiding Geniusof themountains andruler ofthe clouds,\nfrequently associated with Indra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 164,
            "content": "A\n;: : : ! :\n168 THE HYMNS OF tBOOK I.\n4 And Ausija shall call for me that famous Pair who enjoy and\ndrink, who come to brighten.\nSet ye the Offspring of the Floods before you both Mothers\n;\nof the Living One who beameth.\n5 For you shall Ausija call him who thunders, as, to win Arju-\nna's assent, cried Ghosli\nI will invoke, that Pushan may be bounteous to you, the rich\nmunificence of Agni\n6 Hear, Mitra-Yaruna, these mine invocations, hear themfrom\n.\nall men in the hall of worship.\nGiver offamous gifts, kindhearer, Sindhu whogives fairfields,\nlisten with all his waters !\n7 Praised, Mitra, Yaruna ! is your gift, a hundred cows to the\nPrikshayamas and the Pajra.\nPresented by car-famous Priyaratha, supplying nourishment,\nthey came directly.\n8 Praised is the gift of him the very wealthy : may we enjoy it,\nmen with hero children\n:\nHis who hath manygifts to givethe Pajras, achief whomakes\nme rich in cars and horses.\n9 The folk, 0 Mitra-Yaruna, who hate you, who sinfully hating\npour you no libations,\nLay in their hearts, themselves, a wasting sickness, whereas\nthe righteous gaineth all by worship.\n10 That man, most puissant, wondrously urged onward, famed\namong heroes, liberal in giving,\nMoveth a warrior, evermore undaunted in all encounters even\nwith themighty.\n11 Come to the man's, the sacrificer’s calling : hear, Kings of\nImmortality, joy-givers\nWhile ye who speed through clouds decree your bounty large-\nly, forfame, to him the chariot-rider.\n4 Avs'ja thesonofUsij,thatis,Kakshtvanhimself,theRishiofthehymn.\nThatfamousPair theAsvins. The OffspringoftheFlood Agni.\nThe Living Oneloho beameth orpraiseth. Agniappearstobemeant,\nvid5 edHi wim thwh ao ht uh su bn ad ne drs b: yI tn hd era A. sviG nh s.oshd Ar, jin unI a. ,1 i1 n7. th5 i, si vs ers sa ei ,d mt ao yha pv ee rhb ae pe sn hp ar vo- e\nbeenthehusband’sname. Themeaningofthepassageisuncertain. S&yana\ntakesdrjunatomeanwhite skin, or leprosy, fromwhichGhosha prayed to\nbe madefree.\n6 Sindhu theIndus theDeitypresidingoverwaters.\n7 Whothe Pr1-1 ; *. \"• ;-mrsofswifthorsesare,isuncertain.\nThePajra: th ‘. I \\ . .• himself, a memberof thepriestly family\nofthePajras.\n11 KingsofImmortality: YarunaandMitra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 165,
            "content": "; ;\nHYMN 123.] THE RIGVEDA. 1(59\n12 Vigour will we bestow on that adorer whose tenfold draught\nwe come to taste, so spake they.\nMay all in whom rest splendour and great riches obtain re-\nfreshment in these sacrifices.\n13 We will rejoice to drink the tenfold present when the twice-\nfive come bearing sacred viands.\nWhat can he do whose steeds and reins are choicest1 These,\nthe all-potent, urge brave men to conquest.\n14 The sea and all the Deitiesshall give us him vTitk the golden\near and neck bejewelled.\nDawns, hasting to the praises of the pious, be pleased with\nus, both offerers and singers.\n15 Four youthful sons^of Masarslra vex me, three, of the King,\nthe conquering Ayavasa.\nNow like the Sun, 0 Varuna and Mitra, your car hath shone,\nldhg-shaped and reined with splendour.\nHYMN CXXHL\nDawn.\nThe Dakshin&’s broad chariot hath been haimessed this car\n:\nthe Gods Immortal have ascended.\nFain to bring light to homes of men thenobleand active God-\ndess hathemerged from darkness.\n12 Tenfold draught Somajuiceofferedintenladles, thetwice-fivc of the\nfollowingverse.\nhem1 i4 stH ii chm iw si ut nh cet rhe tag io nl .den ear: perhaps the Sun\n;\nbut the meaningof the\n15 Thereisno verbinthefirsthemistich, andI followS^yanainsupplying\n1vex.’ Butshvah maymean eyounghorses’ as well as ‘youthful sons/ and\ntheverbto besuppliedmay be ‘carry/ as suggested by Grassmann. The\nwholehymn, asWilsonobserves, ‘is veryellipticalandobscure/ and muchof\nitisatpresentunintelligible.\nI TheDalcshinVs broadchariot theLakshin!itself, that is the honora-\nr.iumorfee presentedbytheinstitutor ofasacrificeto the priests whoper-\nformtheceremony. Themeaningofthefirsthemistichappearstobethatall\npreparationshavebeenmadefor ' v -*- *n -e, andespeciallythatthe\nafe re ef co or mi it ns gp te orf to hr em ra itn ec .e— Ta hm eos wt\nord\nddhhii ndi/dhs\nis\nconr se ia dd ey r, edan bd yt Kh &a yt ant ahe toGo bd\ne\nan epithetofushodevatdgdh, understood, thatis, {of the Goddess Tishas or\nDawn.’ Wilsonaccordingly translates, ‘the spacious chariot of thegraceful\nb{ oD ta hwn s) ch; o’ laL ru sd aw pi pg lyr ie nn gde tr hs et eh pe iw tho er td tb oy Usf hfr ai sen od rly D/ aa wn nd wGr ha oss im san nn otby me* nw te ia ol nt eh d/\nin thetext. IhavefollowedM. Bergaignewho says : *The interpretationof\ntheworddaJcshindin thesenseofsacrificialsalary, in the first verseof our\nhymn asalsointhe fifth, is,notonlypossiblebuttheon'lypossibleone,forthe\nreasonthatthis wordhasnoothersenseintheRig-Vedathan thatof“salary,\nrecompense,” given either by the earthly maghavan thatis tosay by those\n}"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 166,
            "content": ":: : ;\n170 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n2 She before all the living world hath wakened, the Lofty One\nwho wins and gathers treasure.\nBevived and ever young on high she glances. Dawn hath\ncome first unto our morning worship.\n3 If, Dawn,#thou Goddess nobly born, thou dealest fortune this\nday to all the race ofmortals,\nMay Savitarthe God, Friend of the homestead, declare before\nthe Sun that we are sinless.\n4 Showing her wonted,form each day that passeth, spreading\nthe light she visiteth each dwelling.\nEagerfor conquest, with bright sheen she cometh. Her por-\ntion is the best ofgoodly treasures.\n5 Sister of Yaruna, sister of Bhaga, first among all sing forth,\n0 joyous Morning.\nWeak be the strength of him who workethevil may$e sub-\n:\ndue him with our carthe guerdon.\n6 Let our glad hymns and holy thoughts rise upward, for the\nflames brightly burning have ascended.\nThe far-refulgent Morningsmakeapparentthelovelytreasures\nwhich the darkness covered.\n7 The one departethand the other cometh unlike in hue day’s\n:\nhalves march on successive.\nOne hides the gloom of the surrounding Parents. Dawn on\nhershining chariot is resplendent.\n8 The same in form to-day, the same to-morrow, they still keep\nVartuna’s eternal statute.\nwhopaythepriestfor performingthesacrifice, orby theheavenlymar/havan\nIndra,whoinhisturnpaysforthe sacrificeby favours ofeverykind to the,\nmanwho'causesittobeoffered.’ SeeLaReligion Vedique,Yol. III. pp. 2S£,ff.,\nforM.Bergaigne’stranslationof, andpolemicalcommentaryon, thishymn.\nThenobleandactiveGoddess Ushas, Aurora, orDawn, The word Goddess\nisnotinthe text.\n3 May Savitar theall-seeingdeitySavitarwhopresidesover, butissome-\ntimesdistinguishedfrom,theSun,is appealedtoas thebestjudgeof thesup-\npliant’sinnocence.\n5 Oureartheguerdon maytheliberalfeegivenfortheperformanceofthe\nsacrificebetousasawar-chariottoenableusto overpowerthosewho would\ninjureus.\n7 Day’s halves dayandnight. The surrounding Parents are the all-en-\ncompassing Heaven and Earth : the nightly darkness which envelops them\nis hidden ordispelledbytheday"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 167,
            "content": ": .\nH 9YMN 124.] THE RIOVEDA. 371\nBlameless, inturntheytraversethirty regions, and dart across\nthe spiritin a moment.\nShewho hath knowledge of the first day's nature is born re-\nfulgent white from out the darkness.\nThe Maiden breaketh not the law of Order, dayby daycoming\nto the place appointed.\n10 In pride of beauty like a maid thou goest, 0 Goddess, to the\nGod who longs to win thee,\nAnd smiling, youthful, as thou shinest brightly, before him\nthou discoverest thy bosom.\n11 Fair as a bride embellished by her mother thou showest forth\nthy form that all may see it.\nBlessed art thou, 0 Dawn. Shine yetmorewidely. No other\nDawns have reached what thou attainest.\n12 Richin kine,horses, and all goodly treasures, in constant oper-\nation with the sunbeams,\nThe Dawns depart and come again assuming their wonted\nforms that promise happy fortune.\n13 Obedient to the rein of Law Eternal give us each thought\nthat more and moi*e shall bless us.\nShine thou on us to-day, Dawn, swift to listen. With us be\nriches and with chiefs who worship.\nHYMN\nCXXIV. Dawn.\nThe Dawn refulgent when the fire is kindled, and the Sun\nrising, far diffuse their brightness.\nSavitar, God, hath sent us forth to labour, each quadruped,\neach biped, to be active.\n2 Not interrupting heavenly ordinances, although she minisheth\nhuman generations,\nThe last of endless morns that have departed, the first of\nthose that come, Dawn brightly shineth.\n8 Theytraversethirtyregions: IfollowM. Bergaignein understanding the\nthirtyregionsor spacesto bean indefiniteexpressionforthe whole universe.\nA moreelaborateattemptatexplanationwillbefoundinWilson’sTranslation\nin aNotefrom Bentley’sHinduAstronomy. Theyare the Dawns, and they\nmaybesaidto pass acrossorthroughthespirit, toenlightenit. The second\nhemistichisverydifficultandobscure, andcanhetranslatedonlyprovisionally.\n10 TheGodwholongsto ivinthee the Sun, theloverof Dawn.\n13 Chiefsxoho ivorship: the wealthyinstitutors of sacrifices.\n1 Thefire: thesacrificialfirelighted * 4 \"* rites.\n2 Sheminisheth ,*bymarkingthelapse ‘ \\ . time. Cf,I.92.10,11"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 168,
            "content": ";:; :\n172 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n3 There in the eastern region, she, Heaven's Daughter, arrayed\nin garments all of light, appeareth.\nTruly she followeth the path of Order, nor faileth, knowing\nwell, theheavenly quarters.\n4 Hear is she seen, as't werethe BrightOne's bosom : she show-\neth sweet things like a new song-singer.\nShe cometh like a flyawakingsleepers, of all returning dames\nmost true and constant.\n5 There in the east half of the watery region the Mother of\nthe Cows hath shown her ensign.\nWider and wider still she spreadeth onward, and filleth full\nthe laps of both her Parents.\n6 She, verily, exceeding vast to look ondebarreth from herlight\nnor kin nor stranger.\nProud of her spotless form she, brightly shining, turneth not\nfrom the high nor from the humble.\n7 She seeketh men as she who hath no brother, mounting her\n10 car, as 't were to gather riches.\nDawn, like a loving matron for her husband, smiling and well\nattired, unmasks her beauty.\n8 The Sisterquitteth, for the elder Sister, her place, andhaving\nlooked on her departeth.\nShe decks her beauty, shining forth with sunbeams, like wo-\nmen trooping to the festal meeting.\n9 To all these Sisters who ere now have vanished a later one\neach day in course succeedeth.\nSo, like the past, with days of happy fortune, may the new\n.\nDawns shine forth on us with riches.\nRouse up, 0 Wealthy One, the liberal givers let niggard\n;\ntraffickers sleep on unwakened\n:\nShine richly, Wealthy One, on those who worship, richly, glad\nDawn while wasting, on the singer.\n!\n4 Likea pj; admasduna; seeGeklner, Yedische Studicn, II. 179.\n5 Thewateryregion themistysky. The Coios: rays of light.\nBothherParents: HeavenandEarth.\n7 Sheseekethmen thisisnotveryclear. Perhapsthe Sun, her lover or\nhusband,isintended.\n8 TheelderSister Day,forwhom Nightmakes room*\n10 Whilewasting asinverse2."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 169,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 125.] THE RIGVEDA. 173\n11 This young Maid from the east hath shone upon us; she har-\nnesseth her team of bright red oxen.\nShe will beam forth, the light will hasten hither, and Agni\nwill be present in each dwelling.\n12 As the birds fly forth from their resting-places, ’so men with\nstore of food rise at thy dawning.\nYea, to the liberal mortal wdto remaineth at home, 0 Goddess\nDawn, much good thoubringest.\n13 Praised through my prayer be ye who should be lauded. Ye\nhave increased our wealth, ye Dawns who love us.\nGoddesses, may we win by your good favour wealth to be told\nby hundreds and by thousands.\nHYMN CXXV.\nSvanaya.\nComing at early morn he gives his treasure the prudent one\n;\nreceives and entertains him.\nThereby increasing still his life and offspring, he comes with\nbrave sons to abundant riches.\n2 Rich shall he be in gold and kine and horses. Jndra bestows\non him great vital power,\nWho stays thee, as thou comest, with his treasure, like game\ncaught in the net, 0 early comer.\n3 Longing, I came thismorningto thepious, the son ofsacrifice,\nwith car wealth-laden.\nGive him to drink juice of the stalk that gladdens; prosper\nwith pleasant hymns the Lord of Heroes.\n4 Health-bringing streams, as milch-cows, flow toprofit him who\nhath worshipped, him who now will worship.\nTo him who freely gives and fills on all sides full streams of\nfatness flow and make him famous.\n5 On the high ridge of heaven he stands exalted, yea, to the\nGods he goes, the liberal giver.\nThe streams, the waters how for himwithfatness : to him this\nguerdon ever yields abundance.\n12 Withstoreoffood weshould expect 'who seek their food/ and. bo\nS&yana explains pitubh&jah. The wealthy may be meant who share their\nstore'withothersandmustworktoreplenishit.\nThishymn isadialoguebetweenawanderingpriest and apiousandliberal\nprince. For the explanatory legend, whichiscitedby S&yana,seethe note\nin Wilson’stranslation.\n1 Thepriest(Kakskiv&n)speaks. His treasure thewealththatwillfollow\nsacrifice. Theprudentone theprince.\n2 Theprince (Svanaya) speaks.\n3 Thepriestspeaks. Him Indra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 170,
            "content": ": : ;\n174 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK /.\n6 For those wlio give rich meeds are all these splendours, for\nthose who give rich meeds suns shine in heaven.\nThe givers of rich meeds are made immortal the givers of\n;\nrich fees prolong their lifetime.\n7 Let notthe liberal sink to sin and sorrow, never decay the\npious chiefs who worship1\nLet every man besides be their protection, and let affliction\nfall upon the niggard.\nHYMN CXXYI. BMvayavya.\nWith wisdom I present these lively praises of Bhavya dweller\non the bank of Siudhu\nFor he, nnconqnered King, desiring glory, hath furnished me\na thousand sacrifices.\n2 A hundred necklets from the King, beseeching, hundred\ngift-steeds I at once accepted\n;\nOf the lord’s cows a thousand, I Kakshivan. His deathless\ngloryhath he spread to heaven.\n3 Horses of duskycolour stoodbesideme, tenchariots,Svanaya’s\ngift, with mares to draw them.\nKine numbering sixty thousand followed after. Kakshivan\ngained them when the days were closing.\n4 Fortybayhorses ofthe ten cars’master before athousandlead\nthe long procession.\nReeling in joy Kakshivan’s sons and Pajra’s have groomed the\ncoursers decked with pearly trappings,\n<5 An earlier gift for youhave I accepted, eight cows, good milk-\ners, and three harnessed horses,\nPajras, who with your wrains with your great kinsman, like\ntroops of subjects, have been fain for glory.\n1 Bhdvyti: theprinceSvanaya of the precedinghymnis hereagain eulo-\ngizedforhismunificenceunderthename ofhis fatherBh&va orBh&vayavya,\nwholived outhebank of Sindhu ortheIndus,\n3 Withmarestodrawthem or,withdamselsorfemaleslaves. Cf. YI. 27. 8,\n4 Pajra thefounder of the priestly family £am which Kakshivdn was\ndescended.\nThe sixthstanzaofthehymn isascribed to Svanaya,andthe seventhto his\nwifeRomas*! They havenoapparentconnexionwith what precedes, and are\nina differentmetre. Theyseemtobeafragmentofapopularsong. See Ap-\npendix."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 171,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN 127.] THE RIGVEDA. 175\nHYMN\nCXXVII.\nAgni.\nAgni I hold as herald, themunificent, the gracious, Son of\nStrength, who knoweth all that live, as holy Singer, know-\ning all.\nLord of fair rites,a God with formerectedturningtotheGods,\nHe, when the flame hath sprung forth from the holy oil, the\noffered fatness, longeth for it with his glow.\n42 We, sacrificing, callontheebestworshipper, the eldest of Augi-\nrases, Singer, with hymns, thee, brilliant One withsingeiV\n!\nhymns\nThee, wandering round as ’t were the sky, who art the invok-\ning Priest of men,\nWhom, Bull with hair of flame, the people must observe, the\npeople that he speed them on.\n3 He with his shining glory blazing far and wide, heverily it is\nwho slayeth demon foes, slayeth the demons like an axe :\nAt whose close touch things solid shake, and what is stable\nyields like trees.\nSubduing all, he keeps his ground and flinches not, from the\nskilled archer flinches not.\nTo him, as one who knows, even things solid yield : through\nfire-sticks heated hot he gives his gifts to aid. Men offer\nAgni gifts for aid.\n.He deeply piercing many a thing hews it like wood with fer-\nvent glow.\nEven hard and solid food he crunches with his might, yea,\nhard and solid food with might.\nThis hymn, andthetwelve thatfollowit,areattributedtotheRishiParueli-\nehhepa. They are generally very obscureandfrequently unintelligible. One\noftheirpeculiarities is *to reiteratealeadingword whichoccursthethird or\nfourthfromthe end of thefirstline, andsometimesalso ofthethird, and to\nrepeatitas thelastwordoftheline. Thus wehaveheres&numsahasoJata-\nvedasam, vipramna J£tavedasam ; this is little else thana kind of verbal\nalliterativejingle,buttheScholiastthinksitnecessarytoassigntothe repeated\n—\nword a distinct signification.7 Wilson.\n2 EldestofAngirases; seeI. 1. 6.\n3 Fromthe shilledaroh&rflinches not noteven astrong manarmed with\nhisbowcanturnhim from hiscourse.\n4 Fire-sticlcs : thetwopieces of woodwhich arestill usedtoproduce the\nsacrificialfire.-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 172,
            "content": ": : ;\n176 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n5 Here near we place the sacrificial food for him who shines\nforth fairer in the night than in the day, with life then\nstronger than by day.\nHis life gives sure and firm defence as that one giveth to a\nson.\nThe during fires enjoy things given and things not given, the\n(during fires enjoy as food.\n6 He, roaring very loudly like the Maruts’ host, in fertile cul-\ntivated fields adorable, in desert spots adorable,\nAccepts andeats our offeredgifts, ensignofsacrificeby desert\nSo let all, joying, love his path when he is glad, as men pur-\nsue a path for bliss.\n7 Even as they who sang forth hymns, addressed to heaven, the\nBhrigus with their prayer and praise invited him, the\nBhrigus rubbing, offering gifts.\nFor radiant Agni, Lord of all these treasures, is exceeding\nstrong.\nMay he, thewise, accept thegratefulcoverings, thewiseaccept\nthe coverings.\n8 Thee we invoke, the Lord of all our settled homes, common\n10 to all, the household’s guardian, to enjoy, bearer of trxie\nhymns, to enjoy.\nThee we invoke, the guest of men, by whose mouth, even as\na sire’s,\nAll these Immortals come to gain their food of life, oblations\ncome to Gods as food.\n9 Thou, Agni, most victorious with thy conquering strength,\nmost Mighty One, art born for service of the Gods, like\nwealth for service of the Gods.\nMost mighty is thine ecstasy, most splendid is thy mental\npower.\nTherefore men wait upon thee, undecaying One, like vassals,\nundecaying One.\nTo him the mighty, conquering with victorious strength, to\nAgni walking with the dawn, who sendeth kine, be sung\nyour laud, to Agni sung\nAs he who with oblation co; mes callshim aloud in every place.\nBefore the brands of fire he shouteth singer-like, the herald,\nkindler of the brands.\n5 Thingsgivenandthingsnotgiven; both sacrificial offeringsandthe grass\nbrushwoodof thejungle.\n7 The Bhrigus descendantsof Bhrigu, the earliest cherisherof Agni, or\nkindlerof fire. Rubbing: agitatingthefire-sticks. Hhe coverings according\nto S&yana,theoblationsof clarifiedbutter, etc."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 173,
            "content": ";;\nHYMN 128.] THE R1GVEDA. Ill\n11 Agni, beheld by us in nearest neighbourhood, accordant with\nthe Gods, bring us, withgraciouslove, great riches with thy\ngracious love.\nGive us, 0 Mightiest, what is great, to see and to enjoy the\nearth.\nAsone of awful power, stir up heroic might for those who\npraise thee, Bounteous Lord\n!\nHYMN\nCXXVIII. Agni.\nBy Manu’s law was born this Agni, Priest most skilled, born\nfor the holy work of those who yearn therefor, yea, bom\nfor his own holy work.\nAll ear to him who seeks his love, and wealth to him who\nstrives for fame,\nPriest ne'er deceived, he sits in P&’s holy place, girt round in\nI]a’s holy place.\n2 We call thatperfeeter of worshipby the pathof sacrifice, with\nreverence rich in offerings, with worship rich in offerings.\nThrough presentation of our food he grows not old in this his\nform\nThe God whom Matarisvan brought from far away, for Manu\nbrought from far away.\n3 In ordered course forthwith he toaverses the earth, swift-swal-\nlowing, bellowing Steer, bearing the genial seed, bearing\nthe seed and bellowing.\nObservant with ahundred eyes the God is conqueror in the\nwood\n: -\nAgni, who hath his seat in broad plains here below, andin the\nhigh lands far away.\n4 That Agni, wise High-Priest, in every house takes thought for\nsacrifice and holy service, yea, takes thought, with mental\npower, for sacrifice.\nDisposer, he withmentalpowershows all thingsunto him who\nstrives\nWhence he was born a guestenriched with holy oil, born as\nOrdainer and as Priest.\n1 7M'sholy place : the altar ; Id& or11& is personified Prayer and Wor-\nship.\n2 Mdtarhvan : seeI. 31. 3.\n12"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 174,
            "content": "—\n;\n178 TIIE IIYMN8 OF [BOOK\nI.\n5 When through his powerand in his strong prevailing flames\nthe Maruts’ gladdening boons mingle with Agni’s roar,boons\ngladdening for the active One,\nThen he accelerates the gift, and, by the greatness of his\nwealth,\n^\nShall rescue us from overwhelming misery, from curse and\noverwhelming woe.\n6 Vast, universal, good, he was made messenger the speeder\n;\nwith his right hand hath not loosed his hold, through love\nof fame not loosed lxis hold.\nHe bears oblations to the Gods for whosoever supplicates.\nAgui bestows a blessing on each pious man, and opens wide\nthe doors for him.\n7 That Agni hath been set most kind in camp of men, in sacri-\nfice like a Lord victorious, like a dear Lord in sacred\nrites.\nHis are the oblations of mankind when offered up at Ila's\nplaco.\nHe shall preserve xxs from Varuna’s chastisement, yea, from\nthe groat God's chastisement.\n8 Agni the Priest they supplicate to grant them wealth him,\n:\ndear, most thoughtful, have they made their messenger,\nhim, offering-bearerhave they made,\nBeloved of all, who knoweth all, the Priest, the Holy One,\nthe Sage\nHim, Friend, forhelp, the Gods when they are fain forwealth,\nhim, Friend, with hymns, when fain for wealth.\nHYMN CXXIX.\n. Indra,\nThe ear which, Indra, thou, for service of the Go Is, thoughit\nbe far away, 0 swiftOne, bringest near, which, Blameless\nOne, thou bringest near.\nPlace swiftly nigh us for our help : be it thy will that it be\nstrong.\nBlameless and active, hear this speech of orderers, this speech\nofus like orderers.\n2 Hear, Indra, thou whom men in every fightmust call to show\nthy strength, for cry of battle with the men, with men of\nwarfor victory.\nHe who with heroes wins the light, who with thesingers gains\nthe prize,\nHim the richseek to gain even as a swift strong steed, even\nas a courser fleet and strong.\n5 TheMaruts'1 gladdening boom stormandrain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 175,
            "content": "HYMN 129.] THE RIGVEEA. 179\n3 Thou, Mighty, pourest forththehide thatholdstherain thou\n;\nkeepest far away, Hero, the wicked man, thou shuttesfc out\nthe wicked man.\nIndra, to thee Ising, to Dyaus, to Rudra glorious in himself,\nTo Mitra, Yanina I sing a far-famed hymn, tp the kind God\na far-famed hymn.\n4 Wewish our Indra here that he may further you, the Friend,\nbeloved ofall, the very strong ally, in wars thevery strong\nally.\nIn all encounters strengthen thou our prayer to be a help\nto us.\n— —\nHo enemy whom thou smitest down subdueth tliee, no\nenemy, whom thou smitest down.\n5 Bow down the overweening pride of every foe with succour\nlike to kindling-wood in fiercestflame, withmightysuccour,\nMighty One.\nGuide us, thou Hero, as of old, so art thoucounted blameless\nstill.\nThou drivest, asa Priest, all sins of man away, as Priest, in\nperson, seeking us.\n6 This may I utter to the present Soma-drop, which, meet to be\ninvoked, with power, awakes the prayer, awakes the demon-\nslaying prayer.\nMay he himself with darts of death drive far from us the\nscorner’s hate.\nFar let him flee away who speaketh wickedness, and vanish\nlike a mote of dust.\n7 By thoughtful invocation this may we obtain, obtain great\nwealth, 0 Wealthy One, with hero sons, wealth that is\nsweet with hero sons.\nHim who is wroth we pacify with sacred foodand eulogies,\nIndra the Holy with our calls inspired andtrue, the Holy One\nwith calls inspired.\n8 On, foryour good and ours, come Indra with the aid of his\nown lordliness, to drive the wicked hence, to rend the evil-\nhearted ones\n1\nThe weapon whichdevouring fiends cast at us shall destroy\nthemselves.\nStruck down, it shall not reach the mark ; hurled forth, the\nfire-brand shall not strike.\nWith riches in abundance, Indra, come to us, come by an\ng\nunobstructed path, come by a path from demons free."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 176,
            "content": ":\n180 TEE HYMNS OF {BOOK L\nBewithuswhen we stray afar, he with us when our home is\nnigh.\nProtect us with thy help both near and far awray protectus\n:\never with thy help.\n10 Thou art ojur own, 0Indra, with victoriouswealth : let might\naccompanythee, the Strong, to give us aid, like Mitra, to\ngive mighty aid.\n0 strongest saviour, helperthou, Immortal of each warrior’s\n!\ncar.\nHurt thou another and not us, 0 Thunder-armed, one who\nwould hurt, 0 Thunder-armed !\n11 Save us from injury, thou who art well extolled : ever the\nwarder-off art thou of wicked ones, even as a God, of\nwicked ones\n;\nThou slayer of the evil fiend, saviour of singer such as I.\nGood Lord, the Father made thee slayer of the fiends, made\nthee, goodLord, to slay the fiends.\nHYMN CXXX.\nIndra.\nCome to us, Indra, from afar, conducting us even as a lord of\nheroes to the gatherings, home, like a King, his heroes’\nlord.\nWe come with gifts of pleasant food, with juice poured forth,\ninvoking thee,\nAs sons invitea sire, that thoumayst get thee strength, thee,\nbounteousest, to get thee strength.\n2 0 Indra, drink the Somajuice pressed out with stones, poured\nfrom the reservoir, as an ox drinks the spring, a very\nthirsty hull the spring.\nFor the sweet draught that gladdens thee, for mightiest fresh-\nening ofthy stength,\nLet thy Bay Horses bring thee hitherasthe Sun, as everyday\nthey bring the Sun.\n3 He found thetreasure broughtfrom heaventhatlayconcealed,\nclose-hidden, like the nestlingof a bird, in rock, enclosed in\nnever-ending rock.\nBest Angiras, bolt-armed, he strove to win, as ’t were, the\nstall of kine\n;\nSo Indra.hathdisclosed thefood concealed, disclosed thedoors,\nthe foodthatlay concealed.\n11 TheFather Janit&, theLatingenltor the Supreme God, theMaker\n;\nand Fatherof theUniverse,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 177,
            "content": ";:: : ; : ;\nH7MN THE MOTE\n130.] I)A. 131\nA\nGrasping his thunderbolt with both hands, Indra made its\nedge most keen, for hurling, like a carving-knife for Ahi’s\nslaughter made it keen.\nEndued with majesty and strength, 0 Indra, and with lordly\nmight,\nThou crashest down the trees, as when acraftsmanfells, crash-\nest them down as with an axe.\n5 Thou, Indra, without effort hast let loose the floods to run\ntheir freecourse down,like chariots,to the sea, like chariots\nshowing forth their strength.\nThey, reaching hence away, have joined theirstrength for one\n.\neternal end,\nEven as the cows who poured forth every thing for man, yea,\npoured forth all things for mankind.\n'6 Eager for riches, men have formed for thee this song, like as\na skilful craftsman fashioneth a car, so have they wrought\nthee to their bliss\nAdorning thee, 0 Singer, like a generous steed for deeds of\nmight,\nYea, like a steed to show his strengthand win the prize, that\nhe may bear each prize away.\n7 For Pdru thou hast shattered, Indra ! ninety forts, for Divo-\ndasa tliy boon servant with thy bolt, 0 Dancer, for thy\nworshipper.\nFor Atithigva he, the Strong, brought Sambara from the\nmountain down,\nDistributing the mighty treasures with his strength, parting\nall treasures with his strength.\n8 Indra in battles holp his Aryan worshipper, he who hath hun-\ndred helps at hand in every fray, in frays that win the\nlight of heaven.\nPlaguing the lawless he gave up to Manu’s seed the dusky\nskin\nBlazing,i }t were, he burns each covetous man away, he burns\nthe tyrannous away.\nHefound the treasure theSoma. Thefoodconcealed accordingtoS&-\nyana,inthefirstplacetherain enclosed in the clouds,andinthesecondplace\nthe seedsshutupintheearthwhichawaittheraintomakethemgerminate.\n5 Forman ; orforManu,thegreatprogenitorofthehumanrace.\n7 Prtru the name ofaprinceprotectedbyIndra. Divoddsa called also\nAtithigva. SeeI. 92, 191.\nSambara ademonoftheair orperhapsinthisplace somehuman adver-\n;\nsary ofAtithigva.\nDancer thouwhodancest inbattle dancerofthe-war-dance.\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 178,
            "content": ":: :\n182 THE IIYMNS OF [BOOKL\n9 Waxed strong in might at dawn he tore the Sun's wheel off.\nBrightred, he steals away theirspeech, the Lord ofPower,\n.\ntheir speech he steals away from them,\nAs thou with eager speed, 0 Sage, hast come from far away\nto help,\nAs winning for thine own all happiness of men, winning all\nhappiness each day.\n10 Lauded with oarnew hymns, O vigorous in deed,save us with\nstrengtheninghelp, thou Shatterer of the Forts\n!\nThou, Indra, praised byDivodasa's clansmen, as heaven grows\ngreat with days, shaltwax in glory.\nHYMN CXXXI.\nIndra,\nTo Indra Dyausthe Asura hath bowed him down, to Indra\nmighty Earth with wide-extending tracts, towin the light,\nwith wide-spread tracts.\nAll Gods of one accord have set Indra in front preeminent.\nFor Indra all libations must be set apart, all man's libations\nset apart.\n2 In all libations men with hero spiriturge the Universal One,\neach seeking several light, each fain to win the light apart.\nThee, furthering like a ship, will weset to the chai*iot-pole of\nstrength,\nAs men who win with sacrifices Indra's thought, men whowin\nIndra with theirlauds.\n3 Couples desirous of thine aid are storming thee, pouringtheir\npresents forth to win a stall of kine, pouring gifts, Indra,\nseeking thee.\nWhen two men seekingspoil or heaven thou bnngest face to\nface in war,\nThou showest, Indra, then the bolt thy constant friend, the\nBull that everwaits on thee.\n9 Hetorethe Sun's wheel off according to Sayana, Bralim&had promised\ntheAsuras orfiends that Indra’s thunderbolt should never destroy them.\nIndra,accordingly, castatthemthewheeloftheSun’schariotandslew them\ntherewith.\nTiestealstheirspeech: SayanathinksthatthemeaningisthatIndradepriv-\ned hisenemies oflife.\n0Sage; 0Indra,\n10 B\\j BivodAsa’sclansmen: byme, Paruchchhepa,amemberof thehouse\norfamilyof Divod&sa.\n3 Couples sacrifieers andtheirwiveswhoareassociatedwiththeminoffer-\ning oblations.\nTheHull thefiercelyrushingthunderbolt."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 179,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 132.] THE RIGYEDA. 133\n4 This thine heroic power men of old time have known, where-\nwith thou breakest down, Indra, autumnal forts, breakest\nthem down with conquering might.\nThou hast chastised, 0 Indra, Lord of Strength, the man who\nworships not,\nAnd made thine own this great earth and thesfc water-foods,\nwith joyous heart these water-floods.\n5 And they havebruitedfarthishero-mightwhenthou, 0 Strong\nOne, in thy joy holpest thy suppliants, who sought to win\nthee for their Friend.\nTheir battle-cry thou niadest sound victorious in the shocksof\nwar.\nOne streim after another have they gained from thee, eager\nfor glory have they gaiued.\n6 Also this morn may he be well-inclined to us, mark at our call\nour offerings and our song of praise, our call that we may\nwin the light.\nAs thou, 0 IndraThunder-armed, wilt, as theStrong One, slay\nthe foe,\nListen thou to the prayer of me a later sage, hear thou a\nlater sage’s prayer.\n7 0 Indra, waxenstrongandwell-inclined tous,thouveiymighty,\nslay the man that is our foe, slay the man, Hero I with thy\nholt.\nSlay thou the man who injures us : hear thou, as readiest to\nhear.\nFar be malignity, like mischief ou the march, afar be all\nmalignity:\nHYMN\nCXXXII.\nIndra.\nHelped, Indra Maghavan, by thee in war of old, may we sub-\ndue infight the men who strive with us, conquer the men\nwho war with us.\n4 Autumnalforts: strongholdsonhighground,occupiedasplacesof refuge\nduring the heavy rains,or £the brilliant battlementedcloud-c—astles, which\naresooftenvisibleinthe Indiansky at.thisperiodof the year.’ Muir, 0. S.\nTexts, II. 379.\nMenof oldtime: I have followed Sftyana here. Butptlrdvah probably\nmeansthe Purus,oneof thefivegreat Aryantribesor clans.\n1 Thisday : thehymn isaddressedtoIndrajustbeforean expected battle.\nMay we divide thespoil divideitinanticipation' secureitbyoursacrifice.\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 180,
            "content": ":\n184 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\nThis day that now is close at hand bless him who pours the\nSoma juice.\nIn this- our sacrifice may we divide the spoil, showing our\nstrength, the spoil of war.\n2 In war which wrins the light, at the free-giver’s call, at due\noblatioii of the early-rising—one, oblation of the active one,\nIndra slew, even as we know whom each bowed head must\nreverence.\nMay all thy bounteous gifts be gathered up forus, yea, the\ngood gifts of thee the Good.\n3 This food glows for thee as of old at sacrifice, wherein they\nmade thee chooserof the place, for thou choosest the place\nof sacrifice.\nSpeak thou and make it known to us : they see within with\nbeams of light.\nIndra, indeed, is found a seeker after spoil, spoil-seekerfor his\nown allies.\n4: So now must thygreatdeed be lauded asof old, when for the\nAngirases thou openedst the stall, openedst, giving aid, the\nstall.\nIn the same manner for us here fight thou and be victorious.\nTo him who pours the juice give up the lawless man, the law-\nless who is wroth with us.\n5 When with wise plan the Hero leads the people forth, they\nconquer in the orderedbattle, seekingfame, press, eager, on-\nward seeking fame.\nTo him in time of need they sing for life with offspring and\nwith strength.\nTheir hymns with Indra find a welcome plg.ce of rest ; the\nhymns go forward tothe Gods.\n6 Indra and Parvata, our champions in the fight, drive ye away\neach man who fain would war with us, drive him far from\nus with the bolt.\n2 The early-rising and activeoneistheoffererof thesacrifice.\n3 Theymadetheechooserof theplace: the meaningappears tobe that In-\ndrais presentatsuchsacrificesonlyashechoosestofavour.\nSpeakthouandmakeitknown\n:\nWilson,followingSayapa.paraphrases\n:\n'do\nthou declarethat(rite), thatmenmaythencebeholdtheintermediate(firma-\nmentbright)withtherays(of thesun).’ Ifindthepassage unintelligible.\n4 Theman who poursthejuiceistheworshipperof Indra, and the lawless\nmanis the non-Aryan inhabitantof the country, the natural enemyof the\nnewsettlers.\n6 Parvata the presiding Genius of mountains and clouds, frequently\nassociated with Indra, or, according to S&yana, another form of that God,\nCf. 1, 122. 3."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 181,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 133.] TUB RIGVEDA . 185\nWelcome to him concealed afar shall be the lairthat he hath\nfound.\nSo may the Render rend our foes on every side, rend them, 0\nHero, everywhere.\nHYMN\nCXXXIII.\n. Indra.\nWith sacrifice I purge both earth and heaven ; I burn up\ngreat she-fiends who serve not Indra,\nWhere throttled by thy hand the foes were slaughtered, and\nin the pit of death lay pierced and mangled.\n2 0 thou whocastest forth the stone, crushing the sorceresses7\nheads,\nBreakthemwiththywide-spreadingfoot,withthywide-spre'ad-\ning mighty foot.\n3 Do thou, O Maghavan, beat off these sorceresses7 daring\nstrength.\nOast them within the narrow pit, within the deep and narrow\npit.\n4 Of whom thou hast ere now\" destroyed thrice-fifty with thy\nfierce attacks.\nThat deed they count a glorious deed, though small to thee,\na glorious deed.\n5 0 Indra, crush and bray to bits the fearful fiery-weaponed\nfiend\n:\nStrike every demon to the ground.\n6 Tear down the mighty ones. 0 Indra, hear thou us. For\nheaven hath glowed like earth in fear, 0 Thunder-armed,\nas dreading fierce heat, Thunder-armed !\nMost Mighty mid the Mighty Ones thou speedest with strong\nbolts of death,\nNot slaying men, unconquered Hero with the brave, 0 Hero,\nI\nwith the thrice-seven brave.\n.\n7 The pourer of libations gains the home of wealth, pouring his\ngift conciliates hostilities, yea, the hostilities of Gods.\nPouring, he strives, unchecked and strong, to win him riches\nthousandfold.\nIndra gives lasting weal h to him who pours forth gifts, yea,\nwealth he gives that long shalllast.\nThis hymnisa prayer forthedestructionof witches, goblins,and evil spi-\nritsof various sorts.\n2 Whocastest forththestone hurlestthethunderbolt.\n6 Not slayingmen : thatis destroying evilspirits only. The thrice-seven\nbrave the Maruts, Indra’s allies. These were forty-nine in number,and\nthrice-sevenisusedindefinitelyforalargermultipleof seven,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 182,
            "content": "186 THE HYMNS OF {BOOK I.\nHYMN CXXX1Y. V4yu.\nYAytj, let fleet-foot coursers bring thee speedily to this our\nfeast, to drink first of the juice we pour, to the first\ndraught of Soma juice.\nMay om;glad hymn, discerning well, uplifted, gratify thy\nmind.\nCome with thy team-drawn car, 0 Yayu, to the gift, come to\nthe sacrificer’s gift.\n2 May the ‘-7 0 Yayu, gladden thee, effectual,\nwell \\ v i to the heavens, strong, blent with\nmilkand seeking heaven\n;\n*That aids, effectual to fulfil, may wait upon our skilful power.\nAssociate teams come hitherward to grant our prayers : they\nshall address the hymns we sing.\n3 Two red steeds Yayuyokes, Yayu two purple steeds, swift-\nfooted, to the chariot, to the pole to draw, most able, at the\npole, to draw.\nWake up intelligence, as when aloverwakes hissleeping love.\nIllumine heaven and earth, make thou the Dawns to shine,\nforglory make the Dawns to shine.\n4 For thee the radiant Dawns in the far-distant sky broaden\ntheir lovely garments forth in wondrous beams, bright-\ncoloured in theirnew-born beams.\nFor thee the nectar-yielding Cow pours all richtreasures forth\nas milk.\nThe Marut host hast thou engendered from the womb, the\nMaruts from the womb of heaven.\n5 For thee the pure bright quickly-flowingSoma-drops, strong in\ntheir heightening power, hasten to mix themselves, haste\nto the water to be mixed.\nTo thee the weary coward prays for luck that he may speed\naway.\nThou by thy law protectest us from every world, yea, from\nthe world of highest Gods.\n6 Thou, Yfyu, who hast none before thee, first of all hast right\nto drink these offerings of Soma juice, hast right to drink\nthejuice out-poured,\n1 Vdf/a: theGodof wind.\n4 Nectar-yielding cow: Sabarduglul; yielding amrit, ambrosia, nectar, or\nfoodfortheGods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 183,
            "content": "!\nIIYMN 135.] THE RJGYEDA. 187\nYea, poured by all invoking tribes who free themselves from\ntaint of sin.\nFor thee all cows are milled to yield the Soma-milk, to yield\nthe butter and the milk.\nHYMN CXXXY.\nyAyT*, Indra-Vayu.\nStrewn is the sacred grass\n;\ncome, Vayu, to ourfeast, with\nteam of thousands, come, Lord of the harnessed team, with\nhundreds, Lord ofharnessed steeds\n!\nThe drops divine are lifted upfor thee, the God, to drinkthem\nfirst.\nThe juices rich in sweets have raised them for thy joy, have\nraised themselves to give thee strength.\n2 Purified by the stones the Soma flows for thee, clothed with\nits lovely splendours, to the reservoir, flows clad in its re-\nfulgent light.\nFor thee the Soma is poured forth, thy portioned share mid\nGods and men.\nDrive thou thy horses, Vayu, come to us with love, comewell-\n6 inclined and loving us.\n3 Come thou with hundreds, come with thousands in thy team\nto this our solemnrite, to taste the sacred food, Vayu, to\ntaste the offerings.\nThis is thy seasonable share, that comes corradiant with the\nSun.\nBrought by attendant priests pure juice is offered up, Vayu,\npure juice is offered up.\n4 The chariot with its team of horses bring you both, to guaixl\nus and to taste the well-appointed food, Vayu, to taste the\nofferings\nDrink of the pleasant-flavoured juice : the first draught is\nassigned to you.\n0 Vayu, with your splendid bounty come ye both, Indra, with\nbounty come ye both.\n5 May our songs bring you hither to our solemn rites: these\ndrops of mighty vigour have they beautified, like a swift\nsteed of mighty strength.\nDrink of them well-inclined to us, come hitherward to be our\nhelp.\nDrink, Indra-V&yu, of these juices pressed with stones,\nStrength-givers 1 till they gladden you.\nT/ieSoma*milk;tlxelibation consistingofSomajuice mixedwithmilk."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 184,
            "content": ": :: . :\n188 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n6 These Soma juices pressed for you in waters here, borne by\nattendant priests, are offered up to you ; bright, V&yu, are\nthey offered up.\nSwiftthrough the strainer have they flowed, andhere areshed\nfor both ofyou,\nSoma-drops, fain for you, over the wether’s fleece, Somas over\nthe wether’s fleece.\n7 0 Vayu,passthouoverallthe slumberers, andwherethepress-\nstone rings enterye both that house, yea, Indra, go ye both\nwithin.\nThe joyous Maiden is beheld, the butter flows. With richly-\nladen team come to our solemn rite, yea, Indra, come ye to\nthe rite.\n8 Ride hither to the offering ofthe pleasant juice, the holy Fig-\ntree which victorious priest surround victorious be they\n:\nstill for us.\nAt once the cows yield milk, the barley-meal is dressed. For\nthee,\n0 Vayu, never shall the cows grow thin, never for thee shall\nthey he dry.\n9 These Bulls of thine, 0 Vayu with the arm of strength, who\nswiftly fly within the current of thy stream, the Bulls in-\ncreasing in their might,\nHorseless, yet even through the waste swift-moving, whom no\nshout can stay,\nHard to be checked are they, like sunbeams, in their course,\nhard to be checked by both the hands.\nHYMN CXXXVI.\nMitra-Varuna.\nBring adoration ample and most excellent, hymn, offerings, to\nthe watchful Twain, the bountiful, your sweetest to the\nbounteous Ones.\nSovrans adored with streams of oil and praised at everysacri-\nfice,\nTheirhigh imperial mightmay nowherehe assailed, ne’er may\ntheir Godhead be assailed.\n6 The wethers'sfleece thefilterorstrainermadeofwool,usedin purifying\ntheSomajuice. SeeX. 2. 1\n7 Wherethepress-stonerings wheremen arepressing outtheSomajuice.\nThejoyous Maiden : probably UshasorDawn.\n8 The holy Fig-tree the vessel for holding the Somajuice, made of the\nwoodoftheAavattha orFicusReligiosa or, asS&yana explains ithere, the\nSomaitself. ;\nThebarky-meal formingapartofthe offering.\n9 Hulls : blastsofwind."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 185,
            "content": "HYMN 136.] THE BIGVEDA. 189\n2 For the broad Sun was seen a path more widely laid, the path\nof holy law hath been maintained withrays, the eye with\nBhaga’s rays of light.\nFirm-set in heaven is Mitra’s home, and Aryaman’s and\nVaruna’s.\n*\nThencetheygiveforthgreat vitalstrength whichmeritspraise,\nhigh power of life that men shall praise.\n3 With Aditi the luminous, the celestial, upholder ofthe people,\ncome ye day by day, ye who watch^sleepless, day by day.\nResplendent mighthaveye obtained, Adityas, Lords of liberal\ngifts.\nMovers of men, mid both, are Mitra, Yaruna, mover of men is\nAryaman.\n4 This Soma be most sweet to Mitra, Yaruna : he, in the drink-\ning-feasts, shall have a share thereof, sharing, a God, among\nthe Gods.\nMay all the Gods of one accord accept it joyfully to-day.\nTherefore do ye, 0 Kings, accomplish what weask, ye Righte-\nous Ones, whateverwe ask.\n5 Whoso with worship serves Mitra and Yaruna, him guard ye\ncarefully, uninjured, from distress, guard from distress the\nliberal man.\nAryaman guards him wellwho actsuprightlyfollowing hislaw,\nWho beautifies theirservice withliislauds, whomakesitbeauti-\nful with songs of praise.\n6 Worship will I profess to lofty Dyaus, to Heaven and Earth,\nto Mitra and to bounteous Yaruna, the Bounteous, the Com-\npassionate.\nPraise Indra, praise thou Agni, praise Bhaga and heavenly\nAryaman.\nLong may we live and have attendant progeny, have progeny\nwith Soma’s help.\n2 Bhaga1$raysof light: ‘the ancient god, Bhaga/ says Mr. Wallis, ‘lias\nbecome in the Kigveda little more than*asourcefromwhichdescriptions of\nthe functions of other gods are obtained, or a standard of comparison by\nwhich their greatness is enhanced. His namehas survivedin the Slavonic\nlanguagesasageneralname for god, asense whichit alsohasin theAvesta.\nTojudgefromtheIligveda,Bhagawouldseemtobeasurvivalfroman ancient\nSun-worship.’ The Cosmology of theBigveda,p. 11. Itisdifficultto explain\nevery expression in the verse butthegeneralmeaningappears tobe that\ntheheaven hasbeen lightedby; theSun, and that there is the homeof the\nGodswho thence show forththepowerswhichmenshouldglorify.\n3 Aditi and Adityas: seeI. 14. 3.\n4 He : Somahimself, meaningperhaps theMoon,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 186,
            "content": ": ;\n190 THE HYMNS OF {BOOK I.\n7 With the Gods’ help, with Indra still beside us, may we be\nheld self-splendid with the Maruts.\nMay Agni, Mitra, Vanina give us shelter: this may we gain,\nwe and our wealthy princes.\nHYMN CXXXVIL\nMitra-Varuna.\nWith stones have we pressed out : 0 come ; these gladdening\ndrops are blent with milk, these Soma-drops which gladden\nyou.\nCome to us, Kings who reach to heaven, approach us, coming\nhitherward.\nThese milky drops are yours, Mitra and Varuna, brightSoma\njuices blent with milk-\n2 Here are the droppings come ye nigh the Soma-droppings\n; ;\nblent with curd, juices expressed and blent with curd.\nNow for the wakening of your Dawn together with the Sun-\nGod’s rays,\nJuice waits for Mitraand for Varuna to drink, fair juice for\ndrink, forsacrifice.\n3 As’twerearadiant-coloured cow, theymilk withstonesthestalk\nfor you, with stones they milk the Soma-plant.\nMay ye come nigh us, may ye turn hither to drink the Soma\njuice.\nThe men pressed out this juice, Mitra and Varuna, pressed\nout this Soma foryour drink.\nHYMN CXXXYIIL Paehan.\nStrong Pushan’s majesty is lauded evermore, the glory of his\nlordly might is never faint, his song of praise is never faint.\nSeeking felicity I laud him nigh tohelp, the sourceof bliss,\nWho, Vigorous One, hathdrawn tohimtheheartsofall, drawn\nthem, the Vigorous One, the God.\n2 Thee, then, 0 Pushan, like a swift one on his way, I urge with\nlaudsthat thou mayst make the foemen flee, drive, camel-\nlike, our foes afar.\nAs I, a man, call thee, a God, giverofbliss, to be my Friend,\nSo make our loudly-cbanted praises glorious, in battles make\nthem glorious.\n1 Pilshan see I. 14. 3, and42. 1.\n2 Camel-like Sftyanaexplains: eas a camelcarriesawayhisload,socarry\naway ourenemiesfromthebattle.’ Themeaningis obscure."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 187,
            "content": ":\nHYMN\n139.]\nTUB MGYEDA.\n191\n3 Thou, Pushan, in whose friendship they who singforth praise\nenjoy advantage, even in wisdom, \"through thy grace, in\nwisdom even they are advanced.\nSo, after thismost recentcourse, wecome to thee withprayers\nfor wealth.\nNot stirred to anger, 0 Wiile-Ruler, come to us^come thou to\nus in every fight.\n4r Not stirred to anger, come, Free-giver, nighto us, to take this\ngift of ours, thou who hast goats for steeds, Goat-borne\n1\ntheirgift who long forfame.\nSo, Wonder-Worker may we turn thee hither with effectual\n!\nlauds.\nI slighttheenot, 0Pushan, thou ResplendentOne\n:\nthyfriend-\nship may not be despised.\nHYMN CXXXIX.\nVisveclevas.\nHeatid be our prayer ! In thought I honour Agni first: now\nstraightway we elect thisheavenlycompany, IndraandVayu\nwe elect.\nFor when our latest thoughtis raisedand onVivasvan centred\nwell,\nThen may our holy songs go forward on their way, our songs\nasJt were unto the Gods.\n2 As there ye, Mitra, Yaruua, above the true have taken to\nyourselves the untruewith yourmind, vrithwisdom’s mental\nenergy,\nSo in the seats wherein ye dwell have we beheld the Golden\nOne,\nNot with our thoughts or spirit, but with these our eyes, yea,\nwith the eyes that Soma gives.\n4 Thou who hastgoats for steeds; Pushan’s chariot, like Thorr’s in the\nEdda, is said to be drawn by ateam of goats.\n1 Vivasvin theradiantcelestialAgni.\n2 Thisverseisexceedinglydifficult. Ludwig’sexplanation,ifIhaveunder*\nstoodhimrightly,istothefollowingeffect: TheGoldenOne, which isinthe\nhomeof Mitraand Varuna,istheSunwhichisonlytheimageorcopyof the\ntranscendentalreality, thegoldenshellthatcoversthe faceof the satyamor\nverity. This apparent Sun Mitra and Varuna have taken to themselves im\nadditiontotheirreal essence. Asthisrealessence isperceivednot with the\neyesof thebodybutbythe eyes of thespirit strengthenedby theelevating\nSoma-draught, so on theotherhandtheapparentSunisnot an objectof"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 188,
            "content": ":\n192 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n3 Asvins, the pious callyou with their hymns of praise, sound-\ning their loud song forth to you, these living men, to their\noblations, living men.\nAll glories and all nourishment, Lords of all wealth ! depend\non you.\nThe fellies of your golden chariot scatter drops, Mighty Ones !\nof yourgolden car.\n4 Well is it known, 0 Mighty Ones *. ye open heaven; for you\nthe chariot-steeds are yoked for morning rites, unswerving\nsteeds for morning rites.\nWe setyou on the chariot-seat, ye Mighty, on the golden car.\nYe seek mid-air as by a path that leads aright, as by a path\nthatleads direct.\n5 0 Rich in Strength, through your great power vouchsafe us\nblessings day and night.\nThe offerings which we bring to you shall never fail, gifts\nbroughtby us shall never fail.\n6 These Soma-drops, strong Indra drink for heroes, poured,\n!\npressed out by pressing-stones, are welling forth for thee,\nfor thee the drops are welling forth.\nThey shall make glad thy heart to give, to give wealth great\nand wonderful.\nThou who acceptestpraise come glorifiedby hymns, come thou\nto us benevolent.\n7 Quickly, 0 Agni, bear us : magnified by us thou shalt speak\nfor us to the Gods adorable, yea, to the Kings adorable :\nWhen, 0 ye Deities, ye gave that Milch-cow to the Angirases,\nThey milked her Aryaman, joined with them, did the work\n: :\nhe knoweth her as well as I.\n8 Ne’er may these manly deeds of yours for us grow old, never\nmay your brightglories fall into decay, never before our\ntime decay.\nWhat deed of yours, new every age, wondrous, surpassing\nman, rings forth,\nWhatever, Maruts maybe difficult to gain, grant us, whatever\n!\nis hard to gain.\nspiritualperception. Consequentlythepoetsays ; 1Withourbodilyeyeswe\nhaveseen theSun, but enlightenedby the Somajuice we have recognized\nit as being only an imageof you.* The, untrueis theSun ; thetrueis the\ntranscendentalessenceof the God.\n7 ThatMileh-cow according to S&yana, theCowofPlenty. M. Bergaigne\n(LaIteligionV&lique, I. 135, 310) thinks thatprayerismeant, *the ancient\nprayeroftheFathers/ Themeaningofthelatterpartofthe verseisuncertain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 189,
            "content": "—\n: :: : :\n9\nHYMN 140,] TEE RIGVEDA, 198\nDadhyach ofold, Angiras, Priyamedha, these, andKanva, Atri,\nManu knew my birth, yea, these of ancient days aiid Mann\nknew.\nTheir long line stretcheth to the Gods, our birth-connexions\nare with them.\nTothese, fortheirhighstation, Ibowdownwithsong, toIndra,\nAgni, bow with song.\n10 Let the Invoker bless : let offerers bring choice gifts; Brihas-\npati the Friend doth sacrifice with Steers, Steers that*have\nmany an excellence.\nNow with our earswe catch the sound of the press-stone that\nrings afar.\nThe veryStrong hathgainedthe waters byhimself, the Strong\ngained many a resting-place.\n11 0 ye Eleven Gods whose home is heaven, 0 ye Eleven\nwho make earth your dwelling,\nYe who with might, Eleven,live in waters,acceptthissacrifice,\n0 Gods, with pleasure.\nHYMN CXL.\nAgni.\nTo splendid Agni seated by the altar, loving well his home,\n1 bring the food as ?twere his place of birth,\nI clothe the Bright One with ray hymn as with a robe, him\nwith the car of light, bright-hued, dispelling gloom.\n9 Dadhyachofold alltheseancient sageshave been mentionedinformer\nhymns. As predecessorsof Paruchchhepa, the Kishiofthishymn, they are\nsaidtohaveknownhis ancestry.\n10 LettheInvokerbless letthe Hotar, orinvokingpriest utterthe Ydjyd,\nwordsofconsecrationusedatsacrifice.\nBrihaspati seeI, 14. 3.\nWithSteers: accordingto Sflyana, ametaphorical expression forstrong\nandcopiouslibationsofSomajuice.\nTheveryStrong theSoma. Theresting-placesarethedifferentrecept-\naclesintowhichthejuiceflows.\n11 0ye Eleven Gods : onthis SAyana remarks : *Although, according to\nthetext, {Thereareonlythreegods’, (Nirukta, vii. 5), thedeitieswho repre-\nsentthe earth, etc., arebut three, still through their greatness, i. e. their\nrespective varied manifestations, they amount to thirty-three, according\nto the saying, ‘other manifestations of Him existin different places.’\nJ, Muir, 0. S. Texts v. 10.\n,\nThisandthetwenty-fourfollowinghymnsareascribedtotheRishiDlrgha-\ntamas, theson ofUchathya.\n1 The foodas *tioere hisplace of birth the oblation of clarified buttec\nwhichmakesthefirespringupintofreshlife.\n13"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 190,
            "content": ": ; : :;\n194 THE HYMNS OF [BOOH I.\n2 Child of adouble birth he grasps at triple food in the year’s\n;\ncourse what he hath swallowed grows anew.\nHe, by another’s mouth and tongue a noble Bull,,with other,\nas an elephant, consumes the trees.\n3 The pair©who dwell together, moving in the dark, bestir\nthemselves both parents hasten to the babe,\n:\nImpetuous-tongued, destroying, springing swiftly forth, one to\nbe watched and cherished, strengthener of his sire.\n4 For man, thou Friend of men, these steeds of thine areyoked,\nimpatient, lightly running, ploughing blackened lines,\nDiscordant-minded, fleet, glidingwitheasyspeed, urgedonward\nby the wind and rapid in their course.\n5 Dispelling on their way the horror of black gloom, making a\nglorious show these flames of his fly forth,\nWhen o’er the spacious tract hespreads himself abroad, and\nrushes panting on with thunder and with roar.\n6 Amid brown plants he stoops as if adorning them, and rushes\nbellowing like a bull upon his wives.\n,\nProving his nrght, he decks the glory ofhis form, and shakes\nhis horns like one terrific, hard to stay.\n7 Now covered, now displayed, he grasps as one who knows,\nhaving his resting-place in those who know him well.\nA second time they wax and gather Godlike power, and blend-\ning both together changetheir Parents’ form.\n8 The maidens with long tresses hold him in embrace dead,\n, ;\nthey rise up again to meet the Living One.\nReleasing them from age with a loud roar he comes, Ailing\nthem with newspirit, living, unsubdued.\n2 Childofadouble birth: bornfirstfromthefire-sticksandthenanew by-\nconsecration.\nTriple food clarified butter, friedcakes, Somajuice.\nBy another's mouth according to Sayana, ‘he receivestheoblationby\nmeans of the ladle ofthe ministeringpriests, andinanother form, thatis\nthefirethatburnsforests, heconsumesthetrees.’\n*\n8 The pairwho dwell toyether the two fire-sticks from which Aguiis\nproducedbyfriction. His sire: saidto betheinstitutorofthe sacrifice.\n4 In this and the four following stanzas Agniis described not in his\nsacrificialform butas thefirethatdestroys thejungleandpreparestheway\nfornewsettlements.\n6 Asadorningthem: withtheglory ofhis flame.\n7 As onewho knows : because, coming fromheaven withthe waters, he\nmakes theplantsgrow, and is saidtolive within them.\nChange theirParents'form perhaps,as Ludwigsuggests,theplantsalter\nt,heappearanceoftheearth, andAgni orfire thatofthesky.\n8 2hemaidenswithlongtresses thecurlingflames."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 191,
            "content": ":: : : ;\nm9 m\nr 141.3 THE RIGVEDA. ISo\nLicking the mantle of the Mother, far andwide he wanders\nover fields with beasts that flee apace.\nStrengthening allthatwalk, lickingup allaround, ablackened\npath, forsooth, he leaves where’er he goes.\n10 0 Agni, shine resplendent with our wealthy chiefs, like a\nloud-snorting bull, accustomed to thehouse.\nThou casting off thine infant wrappings blazest forth as\nthough thou hadst put on a coat of mail for war.\n11 May this our perfect prayer be dearer unto thee than an\nimperfect prayer although it please thee well.\nWith the pure brilliancy that radiates from thy form, mayest\nthou grant to us abundant store of wealth.\n12 Grant to our chariot, to our house, 0 Agni, a boat with mov-\ning feet and constant oarage,\nOne that miy further well our wealthy princes and all the\nfolk, and be our certain refuge.\n13 Welcome our laud with thine approval, Agni. May earth and\nheaven and freely-flowing rivers\n1\nYield us long life and food and corn and cattle, and may the\nred Dawns choose for us their choicest.\nHYMN\nCXLI. Agni.\n.Yea, verily, the fair effulgence of the God for glory was\nestablished, since he sprang from strength.\nWhen he inclines thereto successful is the hymn the songs\n:\nof sacrifice have brought him as they flow.\n2 Wonderful, rich in nourishment, he dwells in food; next, in\nthe seven auspicious Mothers is his home.\nThirdly, that they might drain the treasures of the Bull, the\nmaidens brought forth him for whom the ten provide.\n9 TheMother the earth, whose vesture of grass and shrubshelicks and\nconsumes.\nStrengthening all that walk giving them strength and speed to fly-\nbefore him.\n10 Thineinfantwrappings thewatersthatenvelopedthefChildoftheFloods.’\n1 11\n2\nAThi bs oao turp ae cr cf oe rc dt ip nr ga ty oer S; dyse ae n' aY ,ed ti hc eH sy am crn ifs i, ce,I, w2 i2 t5 h.\npriests for oars, and\nGods, prayersand offerings, forfeet.\n1 Fromstrength: fromviolentagitationofthe fire-stick.\n2 He dioellsinfood: heis the cause of theproduction ofmen’s food, as\nsen Tde •-rofrain an Vdas ,«sa *c fr \\i tf hi ec ri sal :fi ar ce.\ncordingtoS&yana, therainswhich fertilize\nth- ' : v. .\nTheBull Agni. Themaidens, andtheten arethe fingers which produce\nthefire by attritionandtenditafterwards. ,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 192,
            "content": "; :; ; : : ;\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOH I\n.\n3 What time from out the deep, from the Steer’s wondrous\nform, the Chiefs who had the power produced him with\ntheirstrength\nWhen Matarisvan rubbed forth him who lay concealed, for\nmixture* ofthe sweet drink, in the days of old.\n4 When fromthe Highest Fatherhe isbimight to us, amid the\nplantshe riseshungry,wondrous!y.\nAs both together join to expedite his birth, mostyouthful he\nis born resplendentin his light.\n5 Then also entered he the Mothers, and in them pure and\nuninjured he increased in magnitude.\nAs to the first he rose, the vigorous from of old, so now he\nruns among the younger lowest ones.\n6 Therefore theychoosehim Heraldat the morningrites, press-\ning to him as unto Bhaga, pouring gifts,\nWhen, much-praised, by the power and will of Gods, he goes\nat all times to his mortal worshipper to drink.\n7 Whattime the Holy One, wind-urged, hath risen up, serpent-\n10 like winding through the dry grass imrestrained,\nDust lies upon the wayof him whoburneth all, black-winged\nand pure ofbirth who follows sundry paths.\n8 Like a swift chariot made by men who know their art, he\nwith his red limbs lifts himself aloft toheaven.\nThy worshippers become by burning black of hue their\n:\nstrength flies as before a hero’s violence.\n9 By thee, 0 Agni, Varuna who guards the Law, Mitra and\nAryaman, the Bounteous,are madestrong\nFor, as the felly holds the spokes, thou with thy might\npervadinghast been born encompassingthem round.\nAgni, to him who toils and pours libations, thou, MostYouth-\nful ! sendest wealth and all the host of Gods.\nThee, therefore, even as Bhaga, will weset anew, youngChild\nof Strength, most wealthy l in our battle-song.\n3 AgniappearsheretohavebeenpartlyproducedbytheChiefs, the Sftris\nor Gods, from thedepth ofthe atmosphere,from Parjanya the rainy cloud\nsymbolically represented as a bull, and partly generated by Matarisvan\n(see I. 31. 3) by attrition, and brought by him to the earth to receive\nlibationsof Somajuice.\n4 TheHighestFather Dyaus. Bothtogether Heavenand Earth.\n5 TheMothers: thewaters. Theyoungerlowest ones theplants inwhich\nalsohedwells.\n6 Herald or,Hotar. Bhaga seeI. 136. 2."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 193,
            "content": ":; :\nHYMN 1420 THE RI&VEDA* XOt\n11 Vouchsafe us riches turned to worthy ends, good luck abiding\nin the house, and strong capacity,\nWealth that directs both worlds as they wereguiding-reins,\nand, very Wise, the Gods’ assent in sacrifice.\n12 May he, the Priest resplendent, joyful, hear uas, he with the\nradiant car and rapid horses.\nMay Agni, ever wise, with best directions to bliss and highest\nhappiness conduct us.\n13 With hymns of might hath Agni now been lauded, advanced\nto height of universal kingship.\nNow may these wealthy chiefs and we together spread forth\nas spreads the Sun above the rain-clouds,\nHYMN CXLIL\nApris.\nKindled, bring, Agni, Gods to-day for him who lifts the\nladle up.\nSpin out the ancient thread for him who sheds, with gifts,\nthe Soma juice.\n2 Thou dealest forth, Tanunap&t, sweet sacrifice enriched\nwith oil,\nBroughtbyasinger suchasI whooffersgifts andtoilsforthee.\n3 He wondrous, sanctifying, bright, sprinkles the sacrifice with\nmead,\nThrice, Narasansafrom, theheavens, a GodmidGods adorable.\n4 Agni, besought, bring hitherward Indra the Friend, the\nWonderful,\nFor this my hymn of praise, '0 sweet of tongue, is chanted\nforth to thee.\n5 The ladle-holders strew trimmed grass at this well-ordered\nsacrifice\nA home for Indra is adorned, wide, fittest toreceive the Gods.\n6 Thrown open be the Boors Divine, unfailing, that assist\nthe rite,\nHigh, purifying, much-desired, sothat the Gods may enterin.\n7 May Night and Morning, hymned with lauds, united, fair to\nlook upon.\nStrong Mothers of the sacrifice, seat them together on the\ngrass.\n1 Theladle; thesacrificialladlecontainingtheoblation.\nSpinouttheancientthread performthesacrificeordained ofold,\n2\n3\nNT aa rn dU &n aa np sd at\n:\naSo nn ao mf eT oh fys Ae gl nf i.;Ag Sn ei e. I.S 1e 3e .I 2. .13. 2.\nTheDoorsDivine; ofthehall ofsacrifice. SeeI. 13.fi."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 194,
            "content": ":: :: : : ;\n198 THE IIYMNS OF [BOOK I.\n,\n8 May the two Priests Divine, the sage, the sweet-voiced lovers\nof the hymn,\nComplete this sacrifice of ours, effectual, reaching heaven\nto-day.\n9 Let Hotr& pure, set among Gods, amid the Maruts Bharati,\nI]a, Sarasvati, Mahi, rest on the grass, adorable.\n10 May Tvashtar send us genial dew abundant, wondrous, rich\nin gifts,\nFor increase and for growth of wealth, Tvashtar our kinsman\nand our Friend.\n11 Vanaspati, give forth, thyself, and call the Gods to sacrifice.\nMay Agni, God intelligent,'speed our oblation to the Gods.\n12 To Vayujoined with Pushan, with the Maruts, and the host\nof Gods,\nTo Indra who inspires the hymn cry Glory and present\n!\nthe gift,\n13 Come hitherto enjoy the gifts prepared with cry of Glory\n!\nCome,\n0 Indra, heartheir calling ; they invite thee to the sacrifice'.\nHYMN\nCXLIIJT. Agni.\nTo Agni I present anewer mightier hymn, I bring my words\nand song unto the Son of Strength,\nWho, Offspring of the Waters, beariug precious things sits on\nthe earth, in season, dear Invoking Priest.\n2 Soon as he sprang to birth that Agni was shown forth to\nM\nOtarisvan in thehighest firmament.\nWhen he was kindled, through hispower and majesty his\nfiery splendour made the heavens and earth to shine.\n3 His flames that wax not old, beams fair to look upon of him\nwhose face is lovely, shine with beauteous sheen.\nThe rays of Agni, him whose active force is light, through\nthe nights glimmer.sleepless, ageless, like the floods.\n.\n8 ThetwoPriestsDivine seeI. 13. 8.\nH\n9 otrd aGoddessof sacrifice,regarded astheconsortofAgni,\nBMrati aGoddessofsacredspeech.\nIId, Sarasvati, MaM seeI. 13. 9.\nII Vanaspati thesacrificialpost, saidtoheaformof Agni.\ni.nv1 o2 catC ir oy ns.Glory/; SvaM ! the sacred word utteredattheendof sacrificial\n2 Mdtarhvan see I. 31, 3,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 195,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 144.] THE RIGVEDA. 199\n4 Send thou withhymns that Agni to his own abode, who rules,\none Sovran Lord of wealth, like Yaruna,\nHim, All-possessor, whom the Bhrigus with their might\nbrought to earth's central point, the centre of the world.\n5 He whom no force can stay, even as the Manfts5 roar, like\nto a dart sent forth, even as the bolt from heaven,\nAgni with sharpened jaws chews up and eats the trees, and\nconquers them as when the warrior smites his foes.\n6 And will not Agni find enjoyment in our praise, will not the\nYasu grant our wish with gifts of wealth ?\nWill not the Tnspirer speed our prayers to gain their end 1\nHim with the radiant glance I laud \"with this mysong.\n7 The kindler of the flame wins Agni as a Friend, promoter of\nthe Law, whose face is bright with oil.\nInflamed and keen, refulgent in our gatherings, he lifts our\nhymn on high clad in his radiant hues.\n8 Keep us incessantly with guards that cease not, Agni, with\nguards auspicious, very mighty.\nWith guards that never slumber, never heedless, never be-\nguiled, 0 Helper, keep our children.\nHYMN\nCXLIY.\nAgni.\nThe Priest goes forth to sacrifice, with wondrous power send-\ning aloft the hymn of glorious brilliancy.\nHe moves to meet the ladles turning to the right, which are\nthe first to kiss the place where he abides.\n2 To him sang forth the flowing streams of Holy Law, encom-\npassedin the home and birth-place of the God.\nHe, whenhe dweltextended inthe waters’ lap, absorbed those\nGodlike powers for which he is adored.\n3 Seeking in course altern to reach the selfsame end, the two\ncopartners strive to win this beauteous form.\nLike Bhaga must he be duly invoked by us, as he who drives\nthe car holds fast the horse’s reins.\n4 Earth'scentral'point thealtar.\n6 The PWsu ; theGodAgni.\n1 Theplace wherehe abides: Agni'sdwelling-place; thealtar.\n2 OfHoly Law : flowinginaccordance withthe orderoftheuniverse.\n3 The two copartners: thetwo priests, Hotar and Adhvaryu, accordingto\nS&yana. Perhaps Day and Night are intended, as Ludwigsuggests."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 196,
            "content": ": ; ; :\n200 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\n4 He whom the two copartners with observance tend, the pair\nwho dwell together in the same abode,\nBy night as in the day the grey one was bornyoung, passing\ntmtouchedby eld throughmany an age of man.\n5 Him the ten fingers, the devotions, animate : we mortals call\non him a God to give us help.\nHespeeds over the sloping surface ofthe land\n:\nnew deeds\nhath he performed with those who gird him round.\n6 For, Agni, like a herdsman, thou by thine own might rulest\no’erall that is in heaven and on the earth\nAnd these two Mighty Ones, bright, golden, closely joined,\nrolling them round are come unto thy sacred grass.\n7 Agni, acceptwith joy, be glad in this our prayer, joy-giver,\nself-sustained, strong, born of Holy Law 1\nFor fair to see art thou turning to every side, pleasant to\nlook on as a dwelling filled with food.\nHYMN CXLV. Agni.\nAsk ye of him, for he is come, he knoweth it ; he, full of\nwisdom, is implored, is now implored.\nWith him are admonitions and with him commands : he is\nthe Lord of Strength, the Lord of Power and Might.\n2 They ask ofhim : not all learn by their questioning what he,\nthe Sage, hath grasped, as ’twere, with his own mind.'\nForgetting not the former nor the later word, he goeth on,\nnot careless, in his mental power.\n3 To him these ladles go, to him these racing mares : he only\nwill give ear to all the words I speak.\nAll-speeding, victor, perfecter of sacrifice, the Babe with\nflawless help hath mustered vigorous might.\n4 Whateverhe meets he grasps and then runs farther on, and\nstraightway, newly born,creeps forward with his kin.\nHe stirs the wearied man to pleasure and great joy what time\nthe longing gifts approach him as he comes.\n4 Thegreyone.'Agni. Of. I. 164, 1.\n5 Himthetenfingers seeI. 141. 2. Thosewhogird himround his wor-\nshippers.\n6 ThesetwoMighty Ones: HeavenandEarth.\n3 Theseracingmares:theselibationsthatquicklyreachAgni.\nThe Babe with fiawless help the evcr-youthful Agni who protects his\nworshippers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 197,
            "content": "::; : ; :\nHYMN 146.] THE RIGVEDA. 201\n5 He is a wild thing of the flood and forest : he hath been laid\nupon the highest surface.\nHe hath decla1 red the lore of works to mortals, Agni the Wise,\nfor he knows Law, the Truthful.\nHYMN CXLVL\nAgni.\nI laud the seven-rayed, the triple-headed, Agni all-perfect in\nhis Parents bosom,\nSunk in the lap of all that moves and moves not, him who\nhath filled all luminous realms of heaven.\n2 As a great Steer he grew to these his Parents sublime he\n;\nstands, untouched by eld, far-reaching.\nHe plants his footsteps on the lofty ridges of the broad earth\nhis red flames lick the udder.\n3 Coming together to their common youngling both Cows, fair-\nshaped, spread forth in all directions,\nMeasuring out the paths that must bo travelled, entrusting\nall desires to him the Mighty.\n4 The prudent sages lead him to his dwelling, guarding with\nvaried skill the Ever-Youthful.\nLonging, they turned their eyes unto the Biver : to these the\nSun of men was manifested.\n5 Born noble in the regions,aim of allmens1eyes, to beimplored\nfor life by great and small alike,\nFar as the Wealthy One hath spread himself abroad, he is\nthe Sire all-visible of this progeny.\n5 Upon thehighest surface the meaning isnot clear, but thereference\nappearstobeto celestial Agniinthefirmamentratherthantothe sacrificial\nfireuponthealtar.\n1 ‘Thethreeheadsmaybethethreedailysacrifices, orthethreehousehold\nfires, or thethree regions, earth,heaven andmid-air. Thesevenraysarethe\n—\nsevenflamesoffire.’ Wilson.\nHisParents' bosom thelap of HeavenandEarth.\n2 Theudder theclouds ofthesky.\n8 Both Coios apparently Heaven and Earth ; according to Sftyana, the\ninstitutorof theriteandthepriest,orthesaerificerandhiswife.\n4 TheRiver Agni, whosebountiesflowlikestreams ofwater.\n5 The Wealthy One: therichandmightyAgni."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 198,
            "content": "—\n: :!\n202 THE HYMNS O’F [BOOK /.\nHYMN CXLYir. Agni.\nHow, Agni, have the radiant ones, aspiring, enduedthee with\nthe vigour of the living,\nSo that, on both sides fostering seed and offspring, the Gods\nmay joy in Holy Law’s fulfilment?\n2 Mark this my speech, Divine One, thou, Most Youthful\noffered to thee by him who gives most freely.\nOne hates thee, and another sings thy praises : I thine adorer\nlaud thy form, 0 Agni.\n3 Thy guardian rays, 0 Agni, when they saw him, preserved\nblind Mamateya from affliction.\nLord of all riches, he preserved the pious : the foes who fain\nwould harm them did no mischief.\n4 The sinful man who worships not, 0 Agni,who, offering not,\nharms us with double-dealing,\nBe this in turn to him a heavy sentence may he distress\n: :\nhimself by his reviliugs.\n5 Yea, when a mortal knowingly, 0 Victor, injureswith double\ntongue a fellow-mortal,\nTYom him, praised Agni save thou him that lauds thee\n!\nbring us not into trouble and affliction.\nHYMN CXLVIII. Agni.\nWhat Matarisvan, piercing, formed by friction, Herald of all\nthe Gods, in varied figure,\nIs he whom they have set mid human houses, gay-hued as\nlight and shining forth for beauty.\n2 They shall not harm the man who brings thee praises : such\nas I am, Agni myhelp approves me.\nAll acts of mine shall they accept with pleasure, laudation\nfrom the singer who presents it.\n3 Him in his constant seat men skilled in worship have taken\nand with praises have established.\nAs, harnessed fco a chariot,, fieet-foot horses, at his command\nlet bearers lead him forward.\nX The radiantones: thybrightrays.\n3On Mdb mot ah tesi yd aes: Db io rt gh lii an tam me asn ,an td hew Io lm lae hxn ; ofor t( ho effs hp yri mn ng ,) o sf ob no ot fh Ms aex me as t. &. , the\nwifeof Uchathya.\n1 Wilson,followingSftyana,translates*. cThewind,penetrating(amidst the\nfuel) hasexcited(Agni) theinvoker(ofthe gods)themultiform, theminister\nof allthedeities.’ Butthenydt whatorwhen, isleft untranslated, and the\nexplanationofMatarisvanasV£y,uorwindcannotbejustifiedbyanyRigveda\ntext, ’ *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 199,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN 150.] THE RIGVEDA, 20$\n4 Wondrous, full many a thing he chews and crunches he\nshines amid the wood with spreading brightness. :\nUpon his glowing flames the wind blows daily, driving them\nlike the keen shaft of an archer.\n5 Him, whom while yet in embryo thehostile, both skilled and\nfain to harm, may never injure,\nMen blind and sightless through his splendour hurt not his\n:\nnever-failing lovers have preserved him.\nHYMN\nCXLIX.\nAgni.\nHither- he hastes to give, Lord of great riches, King of the\nmighty, to the place of treasure.\nThe pressing-stones shall serve him speedingnear us.\n2 As Steer of men so Steer of earth and heaven by glory, he\nwhose streams all life hath drunken,\nWho hasting forward rests upon the altar.\n3 He who hath lighted up the joyous castle, wise Courser like\nthe Steed of cloudy heaven,\nBright like the Sun, with hundredfold existence.\n4 He, doubly born, hath spread in his effulgence through the\nthree luminous realms, through all the regions,\nBest sacrificing Priest where waters gather.\n5 Priest doubly born, he through his love of glory hath in his\nkeeping all things worth the choosing.\nThe man who brings him gifts hath noble offspring.\nHYMN\nCL. ‘ Agni.\nAgni, thy faithful servant I call upon thee with many a gift,\nAs in the keeping of the great inciting God\n;\n2 Thouwhone’ermovesttheetoaidtheindolent,thegodlessman,\nHim who though wealthy never brings an offering.\n3 Splendid,0Singer,isthatman,mightiestof thegreatinheaven.\nAgni, may we be foremost, we thy worshippers.\n1 The place oftreasure the altar, where riches are obtainedby sacrifice\nandprayer.\n2 AsSteerofmen : preeminent, like a strongbull, amongmen.\n3 The joyous castle:orthe castle Narmini; meaning, probably, the proud\nstrongholdofsomedemon,\n4 Wherewatersgather: accordingtoS&yana, intheplaceofsacrificewhere\nwater iscollectedfor ceremonial purpose. Butthe reference is mprobably to\nAgui’sappearanceinthefirmament, thewaters above theearth, the form\noflightning.\n5 Doubly born fromthefire-sticksand againat consecration.\n3 Thatman : who propitiatestheeby sacrificeandpraise,\n0Singer; singerofhymns, sage, or priest."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 200,
            "content": "—\n::: : : :\n204 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\nHYMN CLI. MitraandVaruna.\nHeaved and earth, trembled at themight and voice of him,\n•whom, loved and Holy One, helper ofall mankind,\nThe wise who longed for spoil in fight for kine brought forth\nwith power, a Friend, mid waters, at the sacrifice*\n2 As these, like friends, have done this work for you, these\nprompt servants of Purumilha Soma-offerer,\nGive mental power to him who sings the sacred song, and\nhearken, Strong Ones, to the masterofthe house.\n3 The folk have glorified your birth from Earth and Heaven,\nto be extolled, ye Strong Ones, for your mighty power.\nYe, when ye bring to singer and the rite, enjoy the sacrifice\nperformed with holy praise and strength.\n4 The people prospers, Asuras ! whom ye dearly love ye,\nBighteous Ones, proclaim aloud the Holy Law. :\nThat efficacious power that comes from lofty heaven, ye bind\nunto the work, as to the pole an ox.\n5 On this great earth ye send your treasure down with might\nunstained by dust, the crowding kine are in the stalls.\nHere in the neighbourhood they cry unto the Sun at morning\nand at evening, like swift birds of prey.\n6 The flames with curling tresses serve your sacrifice, whereto\n*ye sing the song, Mitra and Varuna.\nSend down of your free will, prosper our holy songs ye are\nsole Masters of the singer’shymn of praise. :\n7 Whosowith sacrifices toiling brings you gifts, and worships,\nsage andpriest, fulfilling your desire,\nTo him do ye draw nigh and taste his sacrifice. Come well-\ninclined to us unto our songs and prayer.\n8 With sacrifices andwithmilktheydeck you first, ye Bigliteous\nOnes, as ifthrough stirrings of the mind.\nToyou they bring their hymns with their collected thought,\nwhile ye with earnest soul come to us gloriously.\n1 Ofhim Agni.\n2 As these the priests. Purumtlha; the prince who offersthesacrifice.\nStrong Ones yemightyGods,MitraandVaruna.\n3 Whenyebring him,Agni, to thesacrifice.\n4 Asuras : immortal Gods, especiallytheancient deities.\nThatefficaciouspower as 'Wilsonobserves,themeaningisnotveryobvious,\nalthoughitisclearthattheadequacyofworship orsacrificetoeffectitsobjects,\n©rrealizeitsrewards, isintended."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 201,
            "content": ": : :; : :\nHYMN 152.] THE RIGVEDA. 205\n9 Rich strength of life is yours ye, Heroes, have obtained\n:\nthrough your surpassing powers rich far-extending might.\nNot the past days conjoined with nights, not rivers, not the\nPanis have attained your Godhead and your wealth.\nHYMN\nCLII. Mitra-Yaruria.\nThe robeswhich ye put onaboundwithfatness uninterrupted\n:\ncourses are yourcounsels.\nAll falsehood, Mitra-Varuna ye conquer, and closely cleave\nI\nunto the Law Eternal.\n2 This might of theirs hath no one comprehended. True is the\ncrushing word the sage hath uttered,\nThe fearful four-edged bolt smites down the three-edged, and\nthose who hate the Gods first fall and perish.\n3 The Footless Maid precedethfootedcreatures. Whomarketb,\nMitra-Varuna, this your doing ?\nThe Babe Unborn supporteth this world’s burthen, fulfilleth\nLaw and overcometli falsehood.\n4 We look on him the darlingof theMaidens, alwaysadvancing,\nnever falling downward,\nWearinginseparable,wide-spreadraiment,Mitra’sandVaruna’s\ndelightful glory.\n5 Unbridled Courser, born but not of horses, neighing he flieth\non with back uplifted.\nThe youthfullove themystery thought-surpassing, praising in\nMitra-Varuna, its glory.\n9 ThePanis theenviousdemonswhocarryawayand concealthe cowsor\nrays oflight.\nX Therobes whichyeput on the oblationsofclarified butterwithwhich\nthe Godsmay besaid tobe clothed.\nUninterrupted courses are your counsels your designs arealways fully\ncarriedinto effect. Orthe meaning may beas Wilson, following S&yana,\nrenders it: *yournaturesareto beregardedaswithoutdefect/\n2 Thefearfulfour-edged bolt Ludwigsuggestsan emendationofthetext\nandthentranslates: ‘thricestrikesthe edge [ofIndra’s thunderbolt], four\ntimesthe fearfuledge.’ Igive theliteralEnglishof thewords asthey stand,\nthesensebeing, accordingto S&yana,thathe whohasmorearmsis stronger\nthanhewho hasfewer, thearmsintendedbeing,perhaps, sacrificeandprayer.\n8 The Footless Maid Dawn. The Babe Unborn the Sun before his\nappearancein heaven.\n4 The darlingoftheMaidens: the Sun, theloveroftheDawns.\n5 Themystery thought-surpassing: themysteryofthe Sun’smotionexcites\nwonder, and MitraandVarunaarepraised inconnexionwithit*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 202,
            "content": ": : : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [HOOK\n/.\n6 May the milch-kine who favour Mamateya prosper in this\nworld himwho loves devotion.\nMay he, well skilled in rites, beg food, and calling Aditi with\nhis lip$ give us assistance.\n7 Gods, Mitra-Varuna, with love and worship, let me make you\ndelight in this oblation.\nMay our prayer be victorious in battles, maywe have rain\nfrom heaven to make us prosper.\nHYMN\nCLIII. Mitra-Varuna.\nWe\nworship with our reverence and oblations you, Mitra-\nVaruna, accordant, mighty,\nSo that with us, ye Twain whose backs are sprinkled with oil,\nthe priests with oil and hymns supportyou.\n2. Your praise is like a mighty power, an impulse : toyou, Twain\nGods, a well-formed hymn is offered,\nAs the priest decks you, Strong Ones, in assemblies, and the\nprince fain to worship you for blessings.\n3 0 Mitra-Varuna, Aditi the Milch-cow streams for the rite, for\nfolk who bring oblation,\nWhen in the assembly he who worships moves you, like to a\nhuman priest, with gifts presented.\n4 So may the kine and heavenly Waters pour you sweet drink\nin families that make youjoyful.\nOf this may he, the ancient House-Lord, give us. Enjoy,\ndrink of the milk the cow provideth.\n6 Mdmateya; theson ofMamat&, DirghatamastheRishiofthe hymn.\nHim who loves devotion : apparently Purumillia the institutor of the\nsacrifice,mentionedinstanza6 oftheprecedinghymn.\nMay he beg food the food that remains after the oblations have been\npresentedandconsumed,\nAditi: Ifollow Ludwigin takingAditiintheusualsignification. S&yana\ntakes it as meaning £a perfect ceremony’ which is to be completed, and\nGrassmannasfamine, dearth,orwant, whichistobeaverted.\nThe hymn isfullof difficulties, and cannot at present be satisfactorily\ntranslated.\n2 Theprince thewealthymanwhoinstitutes thesacrifice.\n3 Aditi the Milch-cow aditi regarded as thesource of rewards forthe\npious\n;\nor, Aditi may be taken asaii epithet, cthe exhaustless,’ qualifying\nMilch-cow.\n4 TheancientHouse-Lord Agni, theguardianofthehomestead."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 203,
            "content": "—\n: : :: ;\nEYME 155.] • THE RIGVEDA. 207\nHYMN\nCLIV. Vishnu.\nI will declare the 'mighty deeds of Vishnu, of him who\nmeasured out the earthly regions,\nWho propped the highest place of congregation, thrice setting\ndown his footstep, widely striding.\n2 For this his mighty deed is Vishnu lauded, like some wild\nbeast, dread, prowling, mountain-roaming\nHe within'whose three wide-extendedpacesall living creatures\nhave their habitation.\n3 Let the hymn lift itself as strength to Vishnu, the Bull far-\nstriding, dwelling on the mountains,\nHim who alone with triple step hath measured this common\ndwelling-place, long, far extended.\n4 Him whose threeplacesthat arefilledwithsweetness, imperish-\nable, joy as it may list them,\nWho verily alone upholds the threefold, theearth, the heaven,\nand all living creatures.\n5 May I attain to that hiswell-lovedmansionwhere men devoted\nto the Gods are happy.\nFor there springs, close akin to the Wide-Strider, the well of\nmeath in Vishnu’s highest footstep.\n6 Fain would we go unto your dwelling-places where there are\nmany-horned and nimble oxen,\nFor mightily, there, shineth down upon us the widely-striding\nBull’s sublimest mansion.\nHYMN CLV\nVishnu-Indra.\n.\nTo the great Hero, himwhosetshismindthereon, and Vishnu,\npraise aloud in song your draught of juice,\nGods ne’er beguiled, who borne as ’t were by noble steed, have\nstood upon the lofty ridges of the hills.\n1 Thehighestplaceofcongregation: heaven, wherethe Gods are assembled.\nThrice setting down hisfootstep see I.22. 16.\n2 Forthishis mighty deed Ihave followed S&yana who takes the active\nverb inapassive signification. Prof. Peterson translates: 4Vishnu makes\nloudboastofthis/ whichisperhapsamoreaccurate rendering.\n5 Meath ornectar, orhoney meaningcelestial Soma.\n;\n6 Yourdwelling-places: Vishnu’s and probably Indra’s.\nMany-hornedandnimble oxen the stars with their ever-twinkling rays.\n• Of. I. 105. 10 ; Valakkilya 7. 2.\n1 TothegreatEero: Indra. Whosetshismind thereon; wholovespraise."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 204,
            "content": ": ; : ;\n203 THE HYMNS OF ' [BO'OK /.\n2 Your Soma-drinker keeps afar your furious rush, Indra and\nVishnu, when ye come with all your might.\nThat which hath been directed well at mortalman, bow-armed\nKris&mfls arrow, ye turn far aside.\n3 These offerings increase his mightymanlystrength he brings\n:\nboth Parents down to share the genial flow.\nHe lowers, though a son, the Father’s highestname the third\n;\nis that which is highin the light of heayen.\n4 We laud this manly power of him the Mighty One, preserver,\ninoffensive, bounteous and benign\nHis whostrode, widely pacing, with three steppings forth over\nthe realms of earth for freedom and for life.\n5 A mortal man, when he beholds two steps of him who looks\nuponthe light, is restless with amaze.\nBut his third step doth no one venture to approach, no, nor\nthe feathered birds of air who fly with wings.\n6 He, like a rounded wheel, hath in swift motion set his ninety\nracing steeds together with the four.\nDeveloped, vast in form, with those who sing forth praise, a\nyouth, no more a child, he cometh to.our call.\nHYMN CLVI. Vishnu.\nFar-shining, widely famed, going thy wonted way, fed with\nthe oil, be helpful, Mitra-like, to us.\nSo, Vishnu, e’en the wise must swell thy song of praise, and\nlie who hath oblations pay thee solemn rites.\n2 YourSoma-drinker: yougentlyapproachyourdevoutworshipperand do\nhimnoharm.\nKrisdnu\n:\noneof theguardiansof theheavenlySoma,apparentlyademon\nof droughtwho preventsmenfrom enjoyingtheambrosialrain.\n3 BothParents: HeavenandEarth. Thegenialflow thesacrificialoffering,\nthelibationof Somajuice.\nlielowerSfthoughason themeaningappearstobethatVishnutakes rank\ninthesacrificeabovehis ownfatherDyaus,andthatAgnihasthethirdplace.\n5 {His(Vishnu’s) path onearth—andin the firmament iswithin mortal\nobservation notsothatinheaven.’ Wilson. Histhirdstep inthehighest\nheaven. Cf.; L 154. 5.\n(3 Thisverseisnot very intelligible. Wilson following Sfiyana, gives the\nfollowing explanation: cVishnu is here identified with Time, comprising\nninety-four periods: the year, two solstices, fiveseasons, twel ”ve months,\ntwenty-fourhalf-months,thirtydays,eightwatches,and ‘ 1 / •*;\nsL eu asd ow ni sg\n]\nht e,ra ln is kl eat aes rout nhe dwf hi ers et l,he hm ai ts hti sc eh t: in1 ma on td iou nnd ne ir nefo t- yspokes/- tTh1 e.' steeds. ,r\norspokes,arethedaysof thesolaryear, ninetyineachof thefourseasons."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 205,
            "content": ": : ; '\nm\nHYMN 157.] THB HIGVE1>A'\n2 He who brings gifts to him the Ancient and the Last* to\nVishnu who ordains, together with his Spouse,\nWho tells the lofty birth of him the Lofty One, shall verily\nsurpass in glory e’en his peer.\n3 Him have ye satisfied, singers, as well as ye know, primeval\ngerm of Order even from his birth.\nYe, knowing e’enhisname, havetolditforth\n:\nmaywe, Vishpu,\nenjoy the grace of thee the Mighty One.\n4 The Sovran Varuna and both the Asvins wait on this the will\nof him who guides the Marut host.\nVishnu hath power supreme and might thatfinds the day,\nand with his FriendTtmbarsthe stable of the kine.\n5 Even he the Heavenly One who came for fellowship, Vishnu\nto Indra, godly to the godlier,\nWho, Maker, throned in three worlds, helps the Aryan man,\nand gives the worshipperhis share of Holy Law.\nHYMN CLVII.\nAsvins.\nAgni is wakened : Surya riseth from the earth. Mighty, re-\nfulgent Dawn hath shone with all her light.\nThe Asvins have equipped their chariot for the course. God\nSavitar hath moved the folk in sundry ways.\n2 When, Asvins, ye equip, your very mighty car, bedew, ye\nTwain, our power with honey and with oil.\nTo our devotion give victorious strength in war may we win\n:\n‘ riches in the heroes’ strife for spoil,\n3 High to us come the Asvins’ lauded three-wheeled car, the car\nladen with meath and drawn by fleet-foot steeds,\nThree-seated, opulent, bestowing all delight : may it bring\nweal to us, to cattle and to men,\n4 Bring hither nourishment for us, ye Asvins Twain sprinkle\n,\nus with your whip that drops with honey-dew.\n2 Together -with his Spouse: sumajjdnaye explained byS&yana tomean\n‘self-born/ andbyLudwig ‘verydelightful.’\n4 WithhisFriend : assistshisfriendIndrainreleasingtherainimprisoned\ninthemountainsof cloud, ortherays of lightthathavebeen stolen.\n5 Hisshareof HolyLaw his shareof theblessingswhich followtheper-\nformance of sacrifice.\n1 Savitar: the Sun asthegreatcauseof life.\n3 Three-wheeledcar see I.34. 5.\n4 Yourwhip : seeHymnsof theAtharva-veda, IX. 1, whichis aglorifica-\ntion of the Asvins’ Honey-VTVr, perhaps, the early stimulating\nandlife-givingbreezewhich< •*.i ri\\- .no firstappearance of theseLords\nof LightandHeraldsof Dawn,\n14 ' . ’ '"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 206,
            "content": ";\n210 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\nProlong our days of life, wipe out our trespasses ; destroy our\nfoes, be our companions andour Friends.\n5 Ye store the germ of life in female creatures, ye lay it up\nwithin all living beings.\nYe haversent forth, 0 Asvins passing mighty, the fire, the\nsovrans of the wood, the waters.\n6 Leeches are ye with medicines to heal us, and charioteers are\nye with skill indriying.\nYe Strong, give sway to him who brings oblation and with his\nheart pours out his gift before you.\nHYMN\nOLYIII. Asvins.\nYe Vasus Twain, ye Rudras full of counsel, grant us, Strong\nStrengtheners, when ye stand beside us,\nWhat wealth Auchathya craves of you, great Helpers when\nye come forward with no niggard succour.\n2 Who may give you aught, Yasus, for your favour, for what,\natthe Cow’s place, ye grant through worship2\nWake for us understanding full of riches, come with a heart\nthatwill fulfil our longing.\n3 As erst for Tugra’s son your car, sea-crossing, strong, was\nequipped and set amid the waters,\nSo may I gain your shelter and protection as with winged\ncourse a hero seeks his army.\n4 May this my praise preserve Uchathya’s offspring: let not\nthese Twain who fiy with wings exhaust me.\n'Let not the wood ten times up-piled consume me, when fixed\nfor you it bites the ground it stands on.\n5 The most maternal streams, wherein the Dasas cast me\nsecurely bound, have not devoured me.\nWhen Traitana would cleave my head asunder, the D&sa\nwounded his own breast and shoulders.\n5 Thesovransof thewood thetalltreesof theforest.\n1 Ye Yasus Twain,yeRudras : theAsvinsareaddressedasidentical with\nthesetwoclassesof Gods. SeeI. 31. 3, and34. 11.\nAuchathya: the sonof Uchathya, Dtrghatamas theRishiof thehymn.\n2 The Cow's place; according to S&yana, the altar; the Cow being the\ntheearth.\n3 Tugra'sson.\"seeI. 116. 3.\n4 Uchathya'soffspring: the poet himself. These Twain ; dayandnight.\nFromthisandthefollowingverseitwouldappearthat Dlrghatamas hadbeen\nsubjectedtotheordeals of fire, water, andsingle combat withaman called\nTraitana, and preserved inall threeby theAsvins. SeeLudwig, DerIiig-\nveda,IV.p. 44."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 207,
            "content": ": : : :\nBtMtt 160.] mn MM VEDA. 211\n6 Dirghatam&s the son of MamatH hath come to length of days\nin the tenth age of human kind.\nHe is the Brahman of the waters as they strive to reach their\nend and aim\n;\ntheir charioteeris he,\nHYMN\nOLIX. HeavenandEarth,\nI PftAISE with sacrifices mighty Heaven and Earthat festivals,\nthe wise, the Strengtheners of Law.\nWho, having Gods for progeny, conjoined with Gods, through\nwonder-working wisdom bring forth choicest boons,\n•\n2 With invocations, on the gracious Father’s mind, and on the\nMother’s great inherentpower I muse.\nProlific Parents, they have made the world of life, and for\ntheir brood all round wide immortality.\n3 These Sons of yours well skilled in work, of wondrous power,\nbrought forth to life the two great Mothers first of all.\nTo keep the truth of all that stands and all that moves, ye\nguard the station of your Son who knows no guile.\n4 They with surpassing skill, most wise, have measured out the\nTwins'united in their birth and in their home.\nThey, the refulgent Sages, weave within the sky, yea, in the\ndepths of sea, a web for ever new.\n5 This is to-day the goodliestgift of Savitar : this thought we\nhave when now the God is furthering us.\nOn us with loving-kindness Heaven and Earth bestow riches\nand various wealthand treasure hundredfold\n!\nHYMN CLX, Heaven andEarth.\nThese, Heaven and Earth, bestow prosperity onall, sustainers\nof the region, Holy Ones and wise,\nTwo Bowls of noble kind : between these Goddesses the God,\nthe fulgent Sun, travels by fixed decree.\n6 Thetenth age perhaps the tenth decade. The meaning of the verse,\nwhichappearsto bealateraddition, isobscure.\n3 These Sons of yours the Ttibhus,who restored their Parents* youth.\nSeeI. 20. 4, ThetwogreatMothers: the Parents of all, HeavenandEarth.\nYourSonwho knowsno guile Suvya, or the Sun, who isregardedasthe\nsymbolof truth. ‘Solemquisdicerefalsum Audeat ?’\n4 The Twins Heaven and Earth, In the depths of sea; in the aerial\noceanoratmosphere.\n1 TwoBowls:socalledfromtheirhemisphericalappearance. ButseeHille-\nbrandt,VedischeMythologie, I, p. 177,andLudwig, UeberdieN,A, aufdem\nQ, derPgveda-forscliung,p. 87."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 208,
            "content": ": : : : ; :\n212 TEE HYMNS OF - [BOOK I.\n2 Widely-capacious Pair, mighty, that never fail, theFather and\n, the Mother keep all creatures safe\nThe two world-halves, the spirited, the beautiful, because the\nFatherhath clothed them in goodly forms.\n3 Son ofth^se Parents, he the Priest withpowertocleanse, Sage,\nsanctifies the worlds with his surpassing power.\nThereto for his bright milk he milked through all the days\ntheparty-coloured Cow and the prolific Bulb\n4 Among the skilful Gods most skilled is he, who made the two\nworld-halves which bring prosperity to all\nWho with great wisdom measured both the regions out, and\nstablished them with pillarsthat shallne’er decay.\n5 Extolled in song, 0 Heaven and Earth, bestow on us, ye\nmighty Pair, great glory and high lordly sway,\nWhereby wemay extend ourselves ever over the folk and\n;\nsend us strength that\"shall deserve the praise of men.\nHYMN CLXL\nEibhus.\nWhy hath the Best, why hath the Youngest come to us?\nUpon what embassy comes he ? What have we said?\nWe have not blamed the chalice of illustrious birth. We,\nBrother Agni, praised the goodness of the wood,\n2 Th Ge oc dh sal ci oce mmt aha nt deis dsin tg hl ee rem foa rk ee ay me Iin ct oo mef .our : thus have the\n;\nIf, 0 Sudhanvan’s Children, ye will do this thing ye shall\nparticipate in sacrifice with Gods.\n3 Whatto the envoy Agni in reply ye spake, A coursermust be\nmade, a chariot fashioned here,\nA cow must be created, and the Twain made young. When\nwe have done these things, Brother, we turn to you.\n4 When thus, 0 Hibhus, ye had done ye questioned thus,\nWhitherwent he who came to us a messenger ?\n2 TheFather Dyaus, orperhapsTvashfcar.\n3 Son oftheseParents theSun, theoffspringof HeavenandEarth,\nForhisbrightmilk: hehas drawn the dewasmilkfromhismotherEarth,\nandobtainedhislightfromHeavenhisfather.\n4 Mostskilledishe Sfiyana observes that haying magnified Heavenand\nEarthby praisingtheir son, the poetnow magnifiesthem bylanding their\nmaker. SeeMuir, 0. S. Texts,v. 80.\n1 TheHibhus ask Agni whyhecomes tothem. Thechalice seeI.2Q, 0.\n- g ^ comermustbe made,etc,; seaI. 20. 2, 3, 4,and I, 110, and 111,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 209,
            "content": ": : ; :\nHYMN 161.] THE MIGVEDA. 213\nThen Tvashtar, when he viewed the four wrought chalices,\nconcealed himself among the Consorts of the Gods.\n5 As Tvashtar thushad spoken, Let us slaythesemen who have\nreviled the chalice, drinking-cup of Gods,\nThey gave themselves new names when Soma juipe was shed,\nand under these new names the Maiden welcomed them.\n6 Indra hath yoked his Bays, the Asvins’ car is horsed, Brihas-\npati hath brought the Cow of every hue.\nYe went as Bibhu, Vibhvan, Vaja to the Gods, and skilled\nin war, obtained your share in sacrifice.\n7 Ye by your wisdom brought a cow from out ahide untothat\n;\nancient Pair ye gave again their youth.\nOut of a horse, Sudhanvan’s Sons, ye formed a horse a cha-\n:\n10 riot ye equipped, and went unto the Gods.\n8 Drink ye this water, were the words ye spake to them or\n;\ndrink ye this, the rinsing of the Munja-grass.\nIfye approve not even this, Sudhanvan’s Sons, then at the\nthird libation gladden ye yourselves.\n9 Most excellent are waters, thus said one of you most excel-\n;\nlent is Agni, thus another said.\nAnother praised to many a one the lightning cloud. Then\ndid ye shapethe cups, speaking the words of truth.\nOne downward tothe water drives the crippled cow, another\ntrims the flesh brought on the carving-board.\nOne carries off the refuse at the set of sun. How did thePa-\nrents aid their children in their task !\ndes4 seT sh —e pn roT bv aa bs lh yta tr heCr ee lp er se ts iae lnt We ad teas rsh—id win hg enhi hm ese sl af wf to hr issh ala tm ee raa tim oo nn og fht ih se wG oo rd k-\n,\ndndinangerproposingtoslaytheRibhuswhohadthus disg —racedhim.\nTM\n5 Newnames : probablyRitus, Seasons,inplaceofRibhus. Ludwig.\nMaiden apparently the daughter ofTvashtar,meaning, perhaps,asLudwig\nsuggests, the first Dawnoftheyear, ofwhichTvashtaristhe God.\n6 The Cowof everyhue thefruitfulearth restoredto youthbythe Gods\noftheSeasons.\n8 Therinsingofthe Munja-grass or Somajuice which has been filtered\nthroughastrainermade ofthat grass. ‘Thetwo firstalternatives intimate\nthat theRibhus maybe participantof the libations offered at dawnor at\nnoon the thirdapplies tothe eveningsacri—fice the rightof theRibhus tp\nshare; inthisbeingelsewhereacknowledged/ Wi;lson.\n9 Themeaningofthesesayingsinthisplaceisnotclear.\n10 The restorationto youthof theaged Parents, Heaven andEarth, ap-\npears tobesymbolicallydescribedunderthefigure ofasacrifice.\nHowdidthe Parentsaid?; weak andexhausted withagetheywere unable\ntogiveanyassistance."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 210,
            "content": ": :: ; : :\n214 TUB HYMNS OB \\[BOOK1.\n11 On the high placesye havemade thegrass forman, andwater\nin thevalleys, by your skill, 0 Men.\nEibhus, ye iterate not to-day that act of yours, your sleeping\nin the house of him whom naught can hide.\n12 As, compassing them round, ye glided through the worlds,\nwhere had the venerable Parents their abode %\nYe laid a curse on him who raised his arm at you to him\n:\nwho spake aloud to you ye spake again.\n13 When ye had slept your fill, ye Eibhus, thus yeasked, 0 thou\nwhomnaught may hide, who now hath wakened us?\nThe goat declared the hound to be yourwakener. That day,\nin a full year, ye first unclosed your eyes.\n14 The Maruts move in heaven, on earth this Agni through the\nmid-firmament the Wind approaches. ;\nYaruna comes in thesea’sgatheredwaters, 0 SonsofStrength,\ndesirous ofyourpresence.\nHYMN CLXIL TheHorse.\nSlight us not Varuna, Aryaman, or Mitra, Eibhukshan,\nIndra, Ayu, orthe Maruts,\nWhen we declare amid the congregation the virtues of the\nstrong Steed, God-descended.\n2 Whattime they bearbefore the Courser, coveredwith trap-\npings and with wealth, the grasped oblation,\n11 Inthehouseofhimwhomnaught canhide in themansion ofthe Sun,\ntowhomtheTtibhuswenttoobtainimmortality. Inthisandtheremaining\nstanza, accordingtoSftyana, theIlibhus areidentified withthe rays of the\nsun.\n13 Whenyehadslept in themansionofthe Sun.\nThegoatdeclaredthe houndto he your walcener the meaningis obscure.\nS&yana'srenderingis, (theSunrepliedthattheawakenerwasthewind/\nThatday\n;\nWilson, followingS&yana, explains; fyouhavemadethisworld\nt pao s- td ,ay thl eum ri an yo su os f, ta hf ete sr ut nhe any dea mr oh oa ns ae rx epi ar ge ad in; vt ih sa it bli es /, the rainyseason being\n14 SonsofStrength yepowerfulIlibhus.\n1 Bibhuhshan :anameofIndra, aslord oftheIlibhus.\nthiA sy pu lac: esa fi od rh Y&y yub ,ot th heco Gm om den ot fa Wt ior ns d,\n.\nSf At yya una isa pn rd obM aba lh yid Ah ga nr ia .,to beused in\nAmidthecongregation; atsacrifice.\nGod-descended sprungfromtheGods,or, accordingtoS&yana,hornasthe\ntypeofvariousdeities.\n2 Grasped oblation the offering that is to be madefor thehorse, and\nwhichhasbeentakenfromtheremainsofthe burnt-offeringmade the night\nbefore,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 211,
            "content": "7 , ;\nHYMN 162.1 VttS&I&VMDA, 215\nThedappled goat goeth straightforward, bleating, to the place\ndear to Jndra and to Pushan.\n3 Dear to all Gods, this goat, the share of Pushan, is first led\nforward with the vigorous Courser,\nWhile Tvashtarsendshimforwardwiththe Charger, acceptable\nfor sacrifice, to glory.\nA When thrice the men lead round the Steed, in order, who\ngoeth to the Gods as meet ohlation,\nThe goat precedeth him, theshare ofPushan, and to the Gods\nthe sacrifice announceth.\n5 Invoker, ministering priest, atoner, fire-kindler, Soma-presser,\nsage, reciter,\nWith this well ordered sacrifice, well finished, do ye fill full\nthe channels of the rivers.\n6 The hewers ofthe post and those who carry it, and those who\ncarve the knob to deck the Horse’s stake —\nThose who prepare the cooking-vessels for the Steed, may\nthe approving help of thesepromote our work.\nPorth, for the regions of the Gods, the Charger with his\n10\\ smoothhack is come my prayer attends him.\nIn him rejoice the singe; rs and the sages. A good friend have\nwe won for the Gods5 banquet.\n8 May the fleet Courser’shalterandhisheel-ropes, thehead-stall\nand the girths and cords about him. —\nAnd the grass put within his mouth to bait him, among the\nGods, too, let all these be with thee.\n9 What part of the Steed’s flesh the fly hath eaten, or is left\nsticking to the post or hatchet, —\nOr to the slayer’shandsandnailsadhereth, amongthe Gods,\ntoo, may all this he with thee.\nFood undigested steaming from his belly, and any odour of\nraw flesh remaining,\nThis let the immolators set in order and dress the sacrifice\nwith perfectcooking.\nThedappledgoat: this goatistobe tiedtothehorseatthesacrihGialpost.\nPttshan hereissaidby SayanatostandforAgnh\n4 Whogoethto the Gods : theobject ofthe sacrificeis tosend thehorse to\nthe Godsthathe mayobtainwealthandotherblessings forhissacrificers.\n5 Invoker, etc : thesearethedesignationsofeightofthesixteenpriestBem-\nployedatsolemnrites. The sage (s'dviprah apriestofprofound knowledge)\nis thesuperintendent ofthe whole ceremony.\nFillfallthechannels: obtain abundanceofrain\n;\nor perhaps offeroblations\ninabundance."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 212,
            "content": "—\n: ; : ;\n2J6 TEEETMm OF [BOOK £\n11 Whatfrom thy body which with fire is roasted, when thouart\nset upon the spit, distilleth,\nLetnotthat lie on earth or grass neglected, but to the long-\ning Gods let all be offered.\n12 They who observing that the Horse is ready call out and say,\nThe smell is good remove it —\nAnd, craving meat, a; wait the distribution, may theirapprov-\ning help promote our labour.\n1-3 The trial-fork of the fiesh-cooking caldron, the vessels out of\nwhich the broth is sprinkled,\nThe warm—ing-pots, the covers of the dishes, hooks, carving-\nboards, all these attend the Charger.\n14 The starting-place, his' place of rest and rolling, the ropes\nwherewith the Charger’s feet were fastened, —\nThe water that he drank, the food he tasted, among the\nGods, too, may all these attend thee.\n15 Let not the fire, smoke-scented, make thee crackle, nor glow-\ning caldron smell and break to pieces. —\nOffered, beloved, approved, and consecrated, such Charger\ndo the Gods accept with favour.\n16 The robe theyspread uponthe Horse toclothe him, the upper\ncovering and the golden trappings, —\nThehalterswhichrestraintheSteed, theheel-ropes, allthese,\nas grateful to the Gods, they offer.\n17 If one, when seated, with excessive urging hath with his heel\norwith his whip distressed thee,\nAll these thy woes, as with the oblations5 ladle at sacrifices,\nwith my prayer I banish.\n18 The four-and-thirtyribsof the swift Charger,kin to the Gods,\nthe slayer5s hatchetpierces.\nCut ye with skill, so that the parts be flawless, and piece by\npiece declaring them dissect them.\n—\n19 Of Tvasht—ar’s Charger there is one dissector, this is the\ncustom two there are who guide him.\nSuch of his limbs as I divide in order, all these, amid the\nballs, in fire I offer.\n18 Four-and-thirty so many out of tke thirty-six. As the Sacrificial\nHorse is the symbol of the heavens, the thirty-fourribsrepresentthesun,\nthe moon,the fiveplanets, and the twenty-seven nahskatras or lunar as-\nterisms. See Ludwig, Her Rigveda, III.p. 186. Piece by piecedeclaring\nthem thedissectors aretoname theseveralparts as theydividethem, each\npartbeingsacredto aseparatedivinity.\n19 Amidtheballs themeatmadeupintoballs."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 213,
            "content": "; :: :: : ! ;\nGYMN 163.] TSM MTGVSbA. 217\n20 Let not thy dear soul burnthee as thou comest, let not the\nhatchet linger in thy body.\nLet not a greedy clumsy immolator, missing the joints,\nmangle thy limbs unduly.\n21 No, here thou diest not, thou art not injured : Ify easy paths\nunto the Gods thou goest.\nBoth Bays, both spotted mares are now thy fellows, and to\nthe ass's pole is yoked the Charger.\n22 May this Steed bring us all-sustaining riches, wealth in good\nkine, good horses, manly offspring.\nFreedom from sin may Aditi vouchsafe us the Steed with\n:\nour oblations gain us lordship\nHYMN\nOLXIII. TheHorse\n.\nWhat time, first springing into life, thou neighedst, proceed-\ning from the sea or upper waters,\nLimbs of the deer hadst thou, and eagle pinions. 0 Steed,\nthy birth is high and must be lauded.\n2 This Steed which Yama gave hathTrita harnessed, and him,\nthe first of all, hath Indra mounted.\nHis bridle the Gandharva grasped. 0 Yasus, from out the\nSun ye fashioned forth the Courser.\n3 Yama art thou, 0 Horse thou art Aditya Trita art thou by\n; ;\nsecret operation.\nThou art divided thoroughly from Soma. They say thou\nhast three bonds in heaven that hold thee.\n20 Burnthee: maketheesad,\n21 BothBays thou artnow associatedin heaven withthetwobayhorses\nof Indra, the two spotted mares of the Maruts, and the ass that draws\nthe’chariotof theAsvins.\nA full description of anAsvamedha or Horse—-sacrifice in later time3 may\nbefoundin theB&m&yana, BookI., Cantos 10 13.\n1 Fromthesea the Sacrificial HorseishereidentifiedwiththeSuninthe\noceanof air.\n2 Yama heresaid tomean Agnl, as asolardeity. Trita as Godof the\nremotebirth-placeof theSun, SeeI. 187,note.\nThe Gandharva : Visv&vasu, aheavenly beingwho dwellsinthe region of\ntheairandguardsthecelestialSomA\n3 Aditya the Sun,\nBysecretoperation bythe mysteriouseffectof thesacrifice.\nSoma here, perhaps, theMoon\n;\nbutthemeaningisuncertain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 214,
            "content": ": : ; :;\n218 TUB HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n4 Three bonds, they say, thou hast in heaven that bind thee,\nthree in the -waters, three within the ocean.\nTo me thou seemestYaruna, 0 Courser, there where they say\nis thy sublimest birth-place.\n5 Here, Courser, are the places where they groomed thee, here\nare the traces of thy hoofs as winner.\nHere have I seen the auspicious reins that guide thee, which\nthose who guard the holy Law keep safely.\n—\n6 Thyself from far I recognized in spirit, a Bird that from\nbelow flew through the heaven.\nI sawthy headstill soaring, striving upward bypaths unsoiled\nby dust, pleasant to travel.\n7 Here I beheld thy form, matchless in glory, eager to win thee\nfood at the Cow’s station.\nWhene’er a manbringsthee to thine enjoyment, thouswallow-\n10\nestthe plants, most greedy eater.\n8 After thee, Courser, come the car, the bridegroom, the kine-\ncome after, and thecharm of maidens.\nBull companies have followed for thy friendship the pattern\n:\nof thy vigour Gods have copied.\n9 Horns made of gold hath he : his feet areiron : less fleet than\nhe, though swift as thought, is Indra.\nThe Godshave come that they may taste the oblation of him\nwho mounted, first of all, the Courser.\nSymmetrical in flank, with rounded haunches, mettled like\nheroes, the Celestial Coursers\nPut forth their strength, like swans inlengthened order,when\nthey, the Steeds, have reached theheavenly causeway.\n4 Thethreehandsin heavenaresaid by Sftyanatobehis cmediaoforigin,\nthatis the Vasus, Aditya, and Heaven.’ Bythe waters,itissaidthatthe\nhabitablework! isintended,andthatthethreebondstherein aretillage, rain,\nta hn ud ndse ee rd .. I Vn art uhe naocea on n, at ch ca ot unis tt oh fe tf hi er -m ta hm re en et b, ont dh sey (Sa er ee Ic .lo 2u 4d ., 1l 5)i ,ghtning, and\n6 Inthisand thefollowing stanzathe horseisregarded as identical with\ntheSunin hiscoursethrough heaven, andasaccepting theoblations offered\nbytheworshipper. The Cow'sstation the chief place of earth, the Cow,\nisthealtar,\n7 Mostgreedyeater regardedasamere earthlyhorse.\n9 Ho.rnsnualeofgold accordingto S&yana,theword hornsisused figur-\nativelyformane. TheSun’sraysareprobablyintended.\nWhomounted,firstofall\n,\ntheCourser Indra,aBissaidinverse2.\n10 Thehorsesof the Sun aresaidtobe spokenof. Theexact meaningof\nthewordsis.uncertain,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 215,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 164.] THE RIGVEDA. 219\n11 A body formed for flight hast thou, 0 Charger swift as the\n;\nwind in motion is thy spirit.\nThy horns are spread abroad in all directions: they move\nwith restless beat in wildernesses.\n12 The strongSteed hath come forward to the slaughter, ponder-\ning with a mind directed God-ward.\nThe goat who is his kin is led before him the sages and the\n:\nsingers follow after.\n13 The Steed is come unto the noblest mansion, is come unto his\nFather and his Mother.\nThis day shall he approach the Gods, most welcome then he\n:\ndeclares good gifts to him who offers.\nHYMN\nCLXIV.\nVisvedevas.\nOf this benignant Priest, with eld grey-coloured, the brother\nmidmost of the three is lightning.\nThe third is he whose back with oil is sprinkled. Here I\nbehold the Chief with seven male children.\n2 Seven to the one-wheeled chariot yoke the Courser bearing\n;\nseven names the single Courser draws it.\nThree-naved the wheel is, sound and undecaying, whereon are\nresting all theseworlds of being.\n3 The seven who on the seven-wheeled car are mounted have\nhorses, seven in tale, who draw them onward.\nSeven Sisters utter songs of praise together, in whom the\nnames ofthe seven Cows are treasured.\n11 Thy horns: meaning, here,perhapshoofs.\n13 HisFatherandhis Mother Heavenand Earth.\nWilson remarks\n:\n*Although more mystical than the preceding hymn,\nespecially inregard tothe intimationsof the identityof thehorse withthe\nsun, thereisnothinginitincompatible withthemore explicit descriptionin\ntheformerStiJctaof theactualsacrificeof ahorse.’\n1 ThepriestisAditya, the Sun. His next brother is lightning, another\nformof fire, andthethirdbrotherisAgniG^rhapatya,thewestern sacredfire\nmaintainedbyeachhouseholder, andfed with oblationsof clarifiedbutter.\nThesevenmalechildren areprobablythepriests.\n2 Seven priests. The one-wheeledchariot: the Sun. Sevennames: perhaps\nthe seven solar rays. Three-naved with reference,probably, to the three\nseasons, thehotweather,therains, andthe coldweather. On thiswheel of\ntheSunall existingthingsdepend.\n3 Theseven: accordingto Sayana,the seven solar rays,or theseven divi-\nsionsof theyear, solstice, season, month, fortnight, day, night, hour. The\nsevenwheels ofthe chariotandthesevenhorses may also, according to Sft-\nyana,bethesolarrays.\nSevenSisters probablythesevencelestialrivers, which, asemblems offer-\ntilitymaybearthe nameof cows. S&yanaexplains theseven Sistersas the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 216,
            "content": "; : : ; : :\n220 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\n4 Who hath beheld him as he sprang to being, seen how the\nboneless One supports the bony ?\nWhere is the blood of earth, the life, the spirit% Who mayap-\nproach the man who knows, to ask it?\n5 Unripei£mind, in spiritundiscerning, Iask of these the Gods’\nestablished places\nFor up above the yearling Calf the sages, to form a web, their\nown seven threads have woven.\n6 I ask, unknowing, those who know, the sages, as one all igno-\nrant for sake of knowledge,\nWhatwasthatOne who inthe Unborn’simagehath stablished\nandfixed firm these worlds’ six regions.\n7 Let him who knoweth presently declare it, this lovely Bird’s\nsecurely founded station.\nForth from his head the Cows draw -milk, and, wearing his\nvesture, with their foot have drunk the water.\n8 The Mother gave the Sire his share of Order : with thought,\nat first, she wedded him in spirit.\nShe, the coy Dame, was filledwithdewprolific\n:\nwithadoration\nmen approached to praise her,\nsolarrays, orthesixseasonsand theyear, orthesixpairsofmonthswith the\nintercalarymonth, and theseven Cowsasthesevennotesofmusicasemployed\njin.chantingthepraisesoftheSun.\n4 Howtheboneless Onesupportsthebmy orinmore conventionaland less\nliteralwords,howtheunsubstantialone (feminine)supports that(masculine)\nwhichisendowedwithsubstance.\nThe bonelessor unsubstantialisPrakriti,Mature, theoriginal sourceof the\nsubstantial,thatisthematerialandvisibleworld. According toHillebrandt,\nVedischeMythologie, I. p. 338, theboneless Oneisthe Sunand the bony the\nMoon. SeeM. Muller, India,WliatcanitTeachus? pp. 245, 246.\n5 Theyearling Calf probablythe Sun,in referenceto hisyearly course.\nWhat the seven threadsare is uncertain. S&yana says they arethe seven\nformsoftheSomasacrifice,orthesevenmetresoftheVedas. Ludwigthinks\nthatthegeneralmeaningof thestanza is; I(thepoet) contentmyself with\naskingforinformationabout theplacesor traces of the Gods inour world\nbutthesagestalkaboutthingswhicharebeyondmypowerofcomprehension.;\n6 Inthe Unborn'simage intheform ofAjaorthe UnbornCreator,repre*\nsentedbytheSun. Cf.VIII. 41. 10.\n7 ThislovelyBird's...station theplaceoftheSun.\nThe Cowsdrawmilk: *Thesolarrays, although—especial agentsin sending\ndownrain,areequallyactiveinitsre-absorption.’ Wilson.\n8 ThemotherBarthgavethefatherHeavenhisshare inthegreatworkof\ncosmicalproduction,\nDewprolific thefertilizingraim"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 217,
            "content": ":: :: :: :\nm\nH9YMN\nnmvELA.\n164,] 221\nYoked wasthe Motherto the boon Cow's car-pole in thedank\n;\nrows of cloud the Infant rested.\nThen the Calf lowed, and looked upon the Mother, the Cow who\nwears all shapes in three directions.\n10 Bearing three Mothers and three Fathers, single he stood\nerect: they never make him weary.\nThere on the pitch of heaven they speak together in speech\nall-knowing but not all-impelling.\n11 Formed with twelve spokes, by length of time unweakened,\nrolls round the heaventhis wheel of during Order.\nHerein established, joined in pairs together, seven hundred\nSons and twenty stand, 0 Agni.\n12 They call himin thefarther halfof heaventhe Sirefive-footed,\nof twelve forms, wealthy in watery store.\nThese others say that he, God with far-seeingeyes, is mounted\non the lower seven-wheeled, six-spoked car.\n13 Upon this five-spoked wheel revolving overall living creatures\nrest and are dependent.\nIts axle, heavy-laden, is not heated : the nave from ancient\ntime remains unbroken.\n14 The wheel revolves, unwasting, with its felly ; ten draw it,\nyoked to the far-stretching car-pole.\nTheSun’seyemovesencompassedbytheregion onhimdepend-\n:\nent rest all living creatures.\n9 Yokedwas the Mother Earth undertook the functionsof thecow who\nsuppliesmilkforsacrifices.\nTheInfant theyoung Sun.\nThe Calflowed; thecloudthundered. Inthreedirections heaven, mid-air,\nand earth.\n10 Three MothersandthreeFathers: thethreeearthsandthethreeheavens.\nThisfancifulthreefold divisionhasoccurredbefore. SeeI. 105. 5.\ntheyspeak the Gods converse together about the Sun, says S&yana, in\nspeech thatknowsall butdoesnotextendtoorimpressall.\n11 Thewheelformedwithtwelvespokesistheyearwithitstwelvemonths.\nThesevenhundred andtwentysons, joinedin pairs, are the days and nights\noftheyear, threehundred andsixty ofeach,\n12 Five-footed thefivefeetare, Sftyanasays, the five seasons, the dewy\nandcoldseasons beingcountedasone. Thetwelve formsare the months of\ntheyear. Thesevenwheelsofthecarare saidtobethesevensolarrays,and\nthesixspokes ofeachwheel arethesix seasons, I find thestanza unintelli-\ngible.\n13 The five-spoked wheel inreference, perhaps, to thefive seasons, as in\nverse 12.\n14 Tendrawit probablythetenregionsofspace.\nTheregion; the firmament, mid-air."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 218,
            "content": ": : :\n222 TILEHYMNS OP [MON t\n15 Of the co-born they call theseventh single-born; the sis twin\npairs are called Bishis,Children of Gods,\nTheir good gifts sought of men are ranged. in order due, and\nvarious in theirformmove for the Lord whoguides.\n16 TheytoM me these were males, though truly females! he\nwho hath eyes sees this, the blind discerns not.\nThe sou who is a sage hath comprehended : who knows this\nrightly is his father's father.\n17 Beneath the upper realm, above this lower, bearing her calf\nat foot the Cow hath-risen.\nWhitherward, to what place hath shedeparted? Where calves\nshe? Not amid this herd of cattle.\n18 Who, that the fatherof thisCalf discernethbeneath theupper\nrealm, above thelower,\nShowing himself a sage, may here declare it? Whence hath\nthe Godlike spirit had its rising?\n19 Those that come hitherward they call departing, those that\ndepartthey call directed hither.\nAnd what so ye have made, Indra and Soma, steeds bear as\n't were yoked to the region's car-pole.\n20 Two Birds with fair wings, knit with bonds of friendship, in\nthe same sheltering tree have found a refuge.\n15 Theco-born thesixpairsofmonths, orsixseasons oftwomonthseach.\nThe single-born is the thirteenth and intercalary month. S&yana explains\nrishayah,Rishis,inthisstanzaasgantdrah,goers;butinwhatsenseisuncertain.\n•16 Theytoldme these were males Wilson observes : ‘This is a piece of\ngrammaticalmysticism rasmi, aray of thesun,herepersonifiedas afemale,\nisproperlyanounmascul; ine.’ Butthisisjustthereverseof theexplanation\nrequired. Themeaningisobscure.\nGrassmann suggeststhat themeaning is that Night and Morning, both\nfeminine,havereceivedthemasculinename of Day.\nThesonwhoisasage: *AccordingtotheScholiast,theSunistobeconsider-\nedasthefatherof theraysof light,whichagain,intheircollective capacity,\nb the ei rn eg f—ot rh ee fc aa tu hs ee ro Of fr ta hin e, fa ar te het rh ,e af no dste hr eer ws ho or kpa nr oe wn sts to hf ist ih se ide ea nr tt ih ca: lth we itS hun thi es\nSun.’ Wilson. Themeaningof thelastsemi-hemistich isprobablythatan\nintelligentson maybecalled the parent of anignorant father, asbeing his\nsuperiorinknowledge.\n17 UshasorDawnhathrisenbetweenheavenandearth, carryingwith her\ntheyoungSunheroffspring. Thisherdof cattle thevisibleworld.\n18 Ushasisthemother,butwhoisabletosaywhothefatheroftheSun1st\n19 This stanza may refer to the planets which change their relative\npositionastheyrevolve. IndraisheretheSun,andSomatheMoon.\n20 S&yanasaysthatthetwo Birds are the vitaland the SupremeSpirit,\ndwellinginonebody. Thevitalspiritenjoysthefruit or rewardsof actions\nwhiletheSupremeSpiritismerelyapassivespectator. «"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 219,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN 164.] THE RIGVEDA, 223\nOne of the twain eats the sweet Fig-tree’s fruitage ; the other\neating not regardeth only*\n21 Where those hue Birds hymn ceaselessly their portion of life\neternal, and the sacred synods,\nThere istheUniverse’smightyKeeper, who, wise,irathentered\ninto me the simple.\n22 The tree whereon the fine Birds eat the sweetness, where they\nall rest and procreate their offspring,\nUpon its top they say the fig is luscious : none gaineth it who\nknoweth not the Father.\n23 How on the GAyatr! the Gayatri was based, how from the\nTrishtup they fashioned the Trishtup forth—,\nHow on the Jagati was based the Jagati, they who know,\nthis have won themselves immortal life.\n24 With Gayatri he measures out the praise-song, Santa with\npraise-song, triplet with the Trishtup,\nThe triplet with the two or four-foot measure, and with the\nsyllable they form seven metres.\n21 Tlie fine Birds here are perhaps thepriests, andthe Keeperof the\nUniverse maybeBoma.\n22 Sftyana explainssuparnfi, well-winged,inthis andthepreceding stanza\nas smooth-gliding(rays). Theiroffspringis,heBays, thelight, and theFather\nisthecherishingandprotectingSun. Allexplanationsof these threestanzas\ncan be only conjectural. Ludwig is of opinion that they are originally\nunconnected fragmentsand thatthey havebeen inserted together in this\nhymnmerelybecausethe word suparnd (usedapparentlyhivarious senses)\nhasaprominentplaceineach stanza.\nSuparnff,(dual) hasbeen explained bydifferent scholarsastwospeciesof\ns ts mo p h yu i e trl his t ios; cr ad bo la f oy Wrt oa h rn re led g dd in -e oi Tg na rh d eot ef, ; .S p tr hu i Aen esa gt Sn es u nd ;n erM a a;o n lo td lhn yet s; h ae s t( a ip ct sl rr fu ier afea cil c t) io oa rn la ys p ewr o xha s py i t ls c a;h no af t tthl ihi e oeg y nht r w ie o; ss rts l st da ca s ar ; rs t ch; eae lm n ye b dt tor od te y bhs e e, ;\nhopedfor,\n23 Wilson, following Sdyana, paraphrases this stanzaasfollows: cThey\nwhoknow thestationof Agniupontheearth thestation of Vftyu thatwas\nfabricatedfromthefirmament, and thatstati; on of the Sunwhichis placed\nin heaven, obtain immortality.5 He observes that the purport of the\nphraseology, borrowed from the several metres Gayatri, Trishtubh, and\nJagati, is notvery clear, and that itmaybe merely obscureandmystic\nreferencetothetextof theVeda, a knowledgeof which isessential tofinal\nfelicity. Themeaningseemstobethatthosewhoarethoroughly acquainted\nwith theappropriate rewards which followthe employmentof each of the\nsacredmetresnamedareontherightroadtoimmortallife.\n24 Triplet thewordinthetextvdhdissaidtomean eithertwo orthree\nconnectedstanzas.\nTwoorfour-footmeasure consistingoftwoorfourpddasorsemi-hemistichs.\nAndwiththesyllable: theyformthesevengeuericmetres oftheYedawith\nthesyllable,whichisthechiefelementofmetre,theGayatitconsistingofeight\nsyllables, the Trishtup ofeleven,andtheJagatioftwelve. See Wilson'snote."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 220,
            "content": ": : :\n224 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n25 With Jagat! the flood in heaven he stablisbed, and saw the\nSun in the Rathantara Saman.\nGayatri hath, they say, three brands for kindling\n:\nhenceit\nexcels in majesty and vigour.\n26 I invocafe the milch-cow good for milking, so that the milker,\ndeft of hand, may drain her.\nMay Savitar give goodliest stimulation. The caldron is made\nhot j I willproclaim it.\n27 She, lady of all treasure, is come hither yearning in spirit for\nher calf and lowing.\nMay this cow yield her milk for both the Asvins, andmay\nshe prosper to ourhigh advantage.\n28 The cow hath lowed after her blinking youngling she licks\n$\nhisforehead, as she lows, to form it.\nHis mouth she fondly calls to her warm udder, and suckles\nhim with milk while gently lowing.\n29 He also snorts, by whom encompassed round the Cow lows as\nshe clings unto the shedder of the rain.\nShe with her shrilling cries hath humbled mortal man, and,\nturned to lightning, hath stripped off her covering robe.\n30 That which hath breath and speed and life andmotion lies\nfirmly stablished in the midst of houses.\nLiving, by offerings to the Dead he moveth, Immortal One\nthe brother of the mortal.\n311 saw the Herdsman, him who never stumbles, approaching\nby his pathways and departing.\nHe, clothed with gathered and diffusive splendour, within the\nworlds continually travels.\n25 He Brahmfi, accordingtoSayana.\nllM =at Bh ia gn vt ea drc ab VIIo .ne 32o .f 2t 2,he 23m .ost important Sdma-hymns ; SamavedaII. I.i.\nThreebrands the three pddas, divisions, or lines of the verse being\nfancifullylikenedtothestickswithwhichthesacrificialfireiskindled.\n26 The milch-cowinthis andthe two following stanzas may bethe cow\nwhosuppliesmilkforthesacrifice. ButS&yanasaysthatthecowmaybethe\nrain-cloud,themilkbeing therain andthe milker V&yu the God of Wind\nwhocausesittotow. The calf, Sayana says, isthe world longingforthe\nraintofall.\n29 Healso: probably Parjanya, the personified Storm-Cloud. TheCow\nhereisundoubtedlyacloud.\n30 The subject of the first hemistich is apparently^gni. The Moon,\nsustainedbysacrificialofferingstothe Departed, appearstobethesubjectof\nthesecond. ButseeHymnsof theAtharva-vedaIX. 10.8.\n31 TheHerdsman : theSun,theguardianof theworld."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 221,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN 164.] THE ttIGVEDA. 225\n32 He who hath made him doth not comprehend him from him\nwho saw him surely is he hidden. :\nHe, yet enveloped in his Mother’s bosom, source of much life,\nhath sunk intodestruction,\n33 Dyaus is my Father, my begetter: kinship is#here. This\ngreat earth is my kin and Mother.\nBetween the wide-spread world-halves is the birth-place ; the\nFather laid the Daughter’s germ within it,\n34 I ask thee of the earth’s extremest limit, where is the centre\nof the world, I ask thee.\nI ask thee of the Stallion’s seed prolific, I ask of highest\nheaven where Speech abideth.\n35 This altar is the earth’s extremest limit; this sacrifice of ours\nis the world’s centre.\nThe Stallion’s seed prolific is tho Soma; this Brahman\nhighest heaven where Speech abideth,\n36 Seven germs unripened yet are heaven’s prolific seed their\n:\nfunctions they maintain by Vishnu’s ordinance.\nEndued withwisdom through intelligence and thought, they\ncompass us about present on every side,\n37 What thing I truly am I know not clearly mysterious,\nfetteredin my mind I wander. :\nWhen the first-born of holy Law approached me, then of\nthis speech I first obtain a portion.\n38 Back, forward goes he, grasped by strength inherent, the Im-\nmortal bom tlie brother of the mortal.\n32 Lightning, the immediatecause of rain, withhis countless offspringthe\nf, appears tobealludedto.\n. ; literallybowls orvesselsinto whichthe Somais poured,\na figurativeexpression forheavenandearth. Thefirmamentorspace between\nthesetwois, astheregion of therain, the womb of all beings, The Father\nis Dyausandthedaughteris Earth whosefertility depends upon thegermof\nrainlaid in thefirmament.\n35 Theearth's extremestlimit the altar,astheplacenearesttoheaven,the\nplacewherethe Gods visitmen.\nThe Stallion: Dyaus,orFather Heaven.\nThisBrahman The priestsonamedwhorecitesthetexts of theVeda.\n36 Thisstanza, as Ludwigremarks, is oneof the mostunintelligibleinthe\nwholeVeda. Theseven accordingtoS&yana, arethe solarrays, and Vishnu\n,\nis’saidtobe the Sun.\n37 Thefirst-bornof holyLaw ; accordingto S&yana, thefirst-born (percep-\ntions) of the truth, Soma may be intended, as suggested by Bergaine,\nlieligionV&lique,I. 150,\n38 Thisstanza appearsto refertotheSunin his daily coursefromeastto\nwestand hisnightly returnto tlieeast, theformer visibleto men and tlie\nlatterinvisible.\nThey in thiscase, would mean theSunby dayand theSunbynight.\n,\n15"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 222,
            "content": ": : • : :\n226 ' THE HYMNS OF [BOOK /.\nCeaseless they move in opposite directions: men mark the\none and fail to mark the other.\n39 Upon what syllable of holy praise-son—g, as ’twere their\nhighest heaven, the Gods repose them,\n’Who kn<£ws not this, what will he do with praise-song? But\ntheywho know itwell sit here assembled.\n40 Fortunate mayst thou be with goodly pasture, and may we\nalso he exceeding wealthy.\nFeed on the grass, 0 Cow, at everyseason, and coming hither-\nward drink limpid water.\n41 Forming the water-hoods, the buffalo hath lowed, one-footed\nor two-footed or four-footed, she,\nWho hath become eight-footed or hath got nine feet, the\nthousand-syllabledin the sublimest heaven.\n42 From her descend in streams the seas of water thereby the\n;\nworld’s four regions have their being.\nThence hows the imperishable flood, and thencethe universe\nbath life.\n43 I saw from far away the smoke of fuel with spires that rose\non high o’er that beneath it.\nThe Mighty Mon have dressed the spotted bullock. These\nwere the customs in the clays aforetime.\n44 Three with long tresses show in ordered season. One of them\nshearcth when the year is ended.\nOne with Ills powers the universe regardeth: of one the\nsweep is,seen, but not his figure.\n45 Speech hath been measured out in four divisions, the Brah-\nmans who have understanding know them.\n39 The syllable is the Pranava, the mystical sacred syllable Om. This\n•syllable is set forth in the Upanislrads asthe objectof profound religious\nmeditation,andthehighestspiritualefficacyisattributedtoit.\n40 Thisstanzaisaddressed tothecowwhosuppliesthemilkforlibations.\n41 The buffalo hath lowed: thegreat rain-cloudhas thundered. S&yana\nf-v.plr.ir.v footed, assounding fromthe cloud; two-footed, from cloud and\npa! o> iy nt; s an1 d thefouf rr -o im ntt erh me edf io au tr eca pr od ii nn ta sl p no ii nn et -s fo; oe ti eg dht- ff roo ot med t, hef sr eom poit nh te sf ao nu dr\nthe zenith. (Jftmrt,the buffalo, is, accord; ingtoSftyan, a,Vtih,Speech,thevoice\n•of heaven.\n42 Fromher from the buffalo, or cloud. Theworld's four regions the\nwholeworld.\n43 Thesmokeoffuel arisingfrom burningeow-dung. TheMightyMen\n•the Heroes, the Gods. The spotted bullock: the Soma. The whole may,\nperhaps, beafigurative descriptionof thegatheringof therain-clouds.\n.an4 d4 thT eh ie nvt ish ir be le ea Vr &e yA ugn ori Ww ih no d.burnsup thevegetation, theall-seeinbg Sum\n1"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 223,
            "content": ": :: ; : : :\nHYMN 164.] THE RIGYETA. 227\nThree kept in close concealment cause no motion of speech,\nmen speak only the fourth division. ;\n46 They call him Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni, and he is heavenly\nnobly-winged Garutman.\nTo what is One, sages give many a title: they*call it Agni,\nYama, Matarisvan.\n47 Dark the descent the birds are golden-coloured up to the\n: ;\nheaven they fly robed in the waters.\nAgain descend they from the seat of Order, and all the earth\nis moistened with their fatness.\n48 Twelve are the fellies, and the wheel is single three are the\nnaves. What man hath understood it? ;\nTherein are set together spokes three hundred and sixty,\nwhich in nowise can be loosened.\n49 That breast of thine exhaustless, spring of pleasure, where-\nwith thou feedest all things that are choi—cest,\nWealth-giver, treasure-finder, free.bestower, bring that, Sara-\nsvati, that we may drain it.\n50 By means of sacrifice the Gods accomplished their sacrifice\nthese were the earliest ordinances.\nThese Mighty Ones attained the height of heaven, there\nwhere the Sadhyas, Gods of old, are dwelling.\n51 Uniform, with the passing days, this water mounts and falls\nagain.\nThe tempest-clouds give life to earth, and fires re-animate the\nheaven,\n45 Threekeptincloseconcealment thethreemight mean thethree Vedas;\nbut this interpretation doesnot suitthe restof the half-line. The fourth\ndivision ordinarylanguage. SeeWilsonfor S&yana’selaborateexplanation\nof thisstanza, and Muir, 0. S. Texts, II. 155.\n46 Garutmdn the Celestial Bird, the Sun. All these names, says the\npoet, are names of oneand thesame DivineBeing, the One Supreme Spirit\nundervariousmanifestations.\n.\n47 Dark thedescent therays of light descend into the darkness of the\nearbh when wrappedin night, and riseagain to heaven with the moisture\nwhichthey haveabsorbedto descendagainintheformof fertilizingrain.\nt' hr4 e8 eT nh ave es sin ag rl ee tw hh eee tl hris eeth se eay se oa nr s; ofth fe out rwe ml ov ne thsp so eke as chare ant dhe thm eon st ph oks e; st ah re\ne\nthe daysof theluni-solaryear. The stanzaisoutof pla; cehere.\n49 Sarasvatt seeI. 3. 10.\n50 TheSldhyas saidby Ydskato be ‘the Gods whose\nthesky,’ They are named among theminor divinitiesin *•\nand, as Wilson observes, *itwouldseem thatin Sdyana’s daythepurportof\nthedesignationhadbecomeuncertain.’\n51 Fires re-animate the heaven; the oblations offered in sacrificial fires\ndelightand strengthenthe Gods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 224,
            "content": ":\n223 .THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n52 The Bird Celestial, vast with noble pinion, the lovely germ of\nplants, the germ of waters,\nHim who delighteth ns with rain in season, Sarasvan I invoke\nthat he may helpns.\nHYMN CLXY.\nIndra.Maruts.\nWith what bright beanty are the Marnts jointly invested,\npeers in age, who dwell together ?\nFrom what place have they come? With what intention?\nSing they their strength through love of wealth, these\nHeroes\n?\n2 Whose prayershave they, theYouthful Ones, accepted? Who\nto his sacrifice hath turned the Maruts? —\nWe will delay—them on their journey sweeping with what\nhigh spirit1 through the air like eagles.\n3 Whence comest thou alone, thou who art mighty, Indra, Lord\nof the Brave? What is thy purpose?\nThou greetest us when meeting us the Bright Ones. Lord of\nBay Steeds, say what thou hast against us.\n4 Mine are devotions, hymns; sweet are libations. Strength\nstirs, and hurled forth is my bolt of thunder.\nThey call for me, their lauds are longing for me. These my\nBay Steads bear me to these oblations.\n5 Therefore together with our strong companions,havingadorn-\ned our bodies, now we harness\nOur spcrbted deer with might, for thou, 0 Indra, hast learnt\nand understood our Godlike nature.\n6 Where was that nature then of yours, 0 Maruts, that ye\ncharged me alone to slay the Dragon ?\nFor I in truth am fierce and strong and mighty. I bent\naway from every foeman’s weapons.\n52 Savasvdn orSarasvat, is the nameof a River-God usually assigned\nasaconsorttoSarasvatl. Inthisplace theSunis meant, and sdrasvantam\nmaybetakenasamereepithet, (richinwater5 whichheabsorbs.\nIndra, the Maruts,and thegreat sageAgastya areregardedastheRishis\nof thishymn,which appears tobe, asWilson observes, avindicationof *the\nseparate, or atleast preferential,worship of Indra, without comprehending,\natthesame time, as amatterof course, theadorationof theMaruts.’ The\nhymn istranslated and fully explained in Prof. MaxMuller’s Vedic Hymns,\nPartI.\n1 Indraspeaks.\n3 HeretheMaruts address Indra whomthey meet alone, unattended by\nthem as wasusual.\n4 Indrareplies,\n5 TheMarutsagain speak.\n6 Indraclaimsforhimselfthegloryofthevictoryover..Vritra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 225,
            "content": "—\n!\nHYMN. 165.] THE RIGVEDA, 229\n7 Yea, much hast thou achieved with mb for comrades, with\nmanly valour like thine own, thou Hero.\nMuch may we too achieve, 0 mightiest Indra, with our great\npower, we Maruts, when we will it.\n8 Vritra I slew hy mine own strength, 0 Maruts, having waxed\nmighty in mine indignation.\nI with the thunder in my hand created for man these lucid\nsoftly flowing waters.\n9 Nothing, 0 Maghavan, stands firm before thee among the\n;\nGods not one is found thine equal.\nNone born or springing into life comes nigh thee. Do what\nthou hast to do, exceeding mighty\n1\n10 Mine only be transcendent power, whatever I, daring in my\nspirit, may accomplish.\nFor I am known as terrible, 0 Maruts : I, Indra, amthe Lord\nof what I ruined.\n11 Now, 0 ye Maruts, hath your praise rejoiced me, the glorious\nhymn which ye have made me, Heroes\nFor me, for Indra, champion strong in battle, for me, your-\nselves, as lovers for alover.\n12 Here, truly, they send forth their sheen to meet me, wearing\ntheir blameless glory and their vigour.\nWhen I have seen you, Maruts, in gay splendour, ye have\ndelighted me, so now delight me.\n13 Who here hath magnified you, 0 ye Maruts h speed forward,\n0 ye lovers, to your lovers.\nYe Radiant Ones, assisting their devotions, of these my holy\nrites be ye regardful.\n14 To this hath Manya’s wisdom brought us, so as to aid, as aids\nthe poet him who worships.\nBring hither quick ! On to the sage, ye Maruts ! These\nprayers for you the singerhath recited.\n11 *Inthisverse Indra, afterhavingdeclined withno uncertainsound the\nfriendshipof theMaruts, repents himself of his unkindness towardshis old\nfriends. The wordsofpraisewhichthey addressedtohiminverse 9, inspite\nof the rebuff which they had received from Indra, have touched hisheart,\nand we may suppose that, after this, their reconciliation was complete.’\nMaxMiiller.\n14 This verseisexceedingly difficult, and itstranslationatpresentcanhe\nonly conjectural.\nMdnya,apparently,meanstheson ofMftna.\nM&nd&rya, probablythe nameof the poet, butexplained differentlyby\nB&yanaandMalfidhara,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 226,
            "content": ": :\n230 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK I.\n15 May this your praise, may this your song, 0 Maruts, sung\nby the poet, Mana’s son, M&ndarya,\nBidng offspring for ourselves with food to feed us. May we\nfind strengthening food in fullabundance\n1\nHYMN CLXVL\nMaruts.\nNow let us publish, for the vigorous company the herald of\nthe Strong One, their primeval might.\nWith fire upon your way, 0 Maruts loud of voice, with battle.\nMighty Ones, achieve you? deeds of strength.\n2 Bringing the pleasant meath as ’twere their own dear son,\nthey sport in sportive wise gay at their^gatherings.\nThe Rudras come with succour to the worshipper self-strong\n;\ntheyfail not himwho offers sacrifice.\n3 Towhomsoever, bringer of oblations, they, immortal guard-\nians, have given plenteous wealth,\nFor him, like loving friends, the Maruts bringing bliss bedew\nthe regions round with milk abundantly.\n4 Ye whowith mightypowers have stirred the regions up, your\ncoursers have sped forth directed by themselves.\nAll creatures of the earth, all dwellings are afraid, for bril-\nliant is your coming with your spears advanced.\n•5 When they in dazzling rush have made the mountains roar,\nand shaken heaven’s high back in their heroic strength,\nEach sovran of the forest fears as ye drive near, and the\nshrubs fly before you swift as whirling wheals.\n6 Terrible Maruts, ye with ne’er-diminished host, with great\nbenevolencefulfil our heart’s desire.\nWhere’er your lightning bites armed with its gory teeth it\ncrunches up the cattle like a well-aimed dart.\n15 1borrowthree-fourthsofthisversefromProf.M. Muller.\nThishymn andthetwenty-fivefollowingareascribed totheRishiAgastya,\nwhoappearsintheR&mftyana as the friendand counsellorof Rftma. He is\none of those indefinable mythic personages who are found in the ancient\ntraditions of many nations, and in whom cosmogonical or astronomical\nnotions aregenerally figured. Thusit is related of Agastya that the Yin-\ndhyan mountains prostrated themselves before him and yet the same\n;\nAgastyaisbelievedtobetheregentof thestarCanopus.\n1 TheStrong One : Indra,whoisprecededbytheMaruts.\n2 The Budras theMaruts,sons of the Strong-GodRudra.\n3 Milk ; fertilizingrain.\n5 Asyedrivenear similar abrupt changes of person are common inthe\nVeda."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 227,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN 166.] THE MOVED A. 231\n7 Givers of during1gifts whose bounties neverfail, free from ill-\nwill, at sacrifices glorified,\nTheysing their song aloud that they may drink sweet juice\n:\nwell do they know the Hero’s first heroic deeds.\n8 With castles hundredfold, 0 Maruts, guard ye well the man\nwhom ye have loved from ruin and from sin,\nThe man whom ye the fierce, the Mighty Ones who roar,\npreserve from calumny by cherishing his seed.\n9 0 Maruts, in your cal’s are all things that are good great\n:\npowers are set as’twere in rivalry therein.\nBings are upon your shoulders when ye journey forth your\n:\naxle turns together both the chariot wheels.\n10 Held in yourmanly arms are many goodly things, gold chains\nare on your chests, and glistering ornaments.\nDoor-skins are on their shoulders, on their fellies knives :\nthey spread their glory out as birds spread out their wings.\n11 Mighty inmightiness, pervading, passing strong, visible from\nafar as ’twere with stars of heaven,\nLovely with pleasant tongues,sweetsingerswith their mouths,\nthe Maruts, joined with Indra, shout forth all around.\n12 This is your majesty, ye Maruts nobly born, far as the sway\nof Aditi your bounty spreads.\nEven Indra by desertion never disannuls the boon bestowed\nbyyou upon the pious man.\n13 This is your kinship, Maruts, that, Immortals, ye were oft in\noldeu time regardful of our call.\nHaving vouchsafed to man a hearing through this prayer, by\nwondrous deeds the Heroes have displayed, their might.\n14 That, 0 ye Maruts, we may long time flourish through your\nabundant riches, 0 swift movers,\nAnd that our men may spread in the encampment, let me\ncomplete the ritewith these oblations.\n15 May this your laud, may this your song, 0 Maruts, sung by\nthe poet, M&na’s son, Mandarya,\nBring offspring for ourselves with food to feed us. May we\nfind strengthening food in full abundance,\n10 Ontheirfellieshiives: theirwar-chariots havesharp scythe-likeblades\nattachedtotheirwheels,orsharpedges to theirfellies.\n11 Sweetsingers theMaruts’ songinthemusic of-thewinds.\n12 TheswayofAditi: ‘Whatthe poetsaysissimplythis, thatthebounty\nof theMarutsextendsasfarasthe realm of Aditi, i. e. isendless, or extends\neverywhere, Aditibeinginitsoriginalconception thedeityof—the unbounded\nworldbeyond,theearliestattemptatexpressingthe Infinite.’ MaxMuller.\nThisalsois oneofthe hymnstranslatedandfully explainedby Prof. Max\nMullerin VedicHymns,Part I."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 228,
            "content": ": : : .\n232 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK l\nHYMN CLXVIL\nIndra.Maruts.\nA thousand are thy helps for us, 0 Indra; a thousand, Lord\nof Bays, thy choice refreshments.\nWealth of a thousand sorts hast thou to cheer us: may preci-\nous goods come nigh to us in thousands.\n2 May the most sapientMaruts, withprotection,with bestboons\nbrought from lofty heaven, approach us,\nNow when their team of the most noble horses speeds even\non the sea’s extremestlimit.\n3 Closeto themclings onemoving inseclusion, likea man’swife,\nlike a spear carried rearward,\nWell grasped, bright, decked with gold there is Yak also,\n;\nlike to a courtly, eloquent dame, amongthem\n4 Far off the brilliant, never-weary Maruts cling to the young\nMaid as ajointpossession.\nThe fierce Gods drave not Rodasi before them, but wished for\nher to grow theirfriend andfellow.\n—\n5 When chose immort —alRodasi to follow she with loose tresses\nand heroic-spirit\nShe clomb her servant’s chariot, she likeSurya with cloud-like\nmotion and refulgent aspect.\n6 Upon their carthe young mensettheMaidenwedded toglory,\nmighty in assemblies,\nWhen your song, Maruts, rose, and, with oblation, the Soma-\npourer sang his hymn inworship.\n7 I will declare the greatness of these Maruts, their real great-\nness, worthy to be lauded,\nHow, with them, she though firm, strong-minded, haughty,\ntravels to women happy in their fortune.\n2 The set^sextremest limit theskirtsoftheseaofair, thefirmament.\n3 Sftyanasaysthatthelightningisspoken of, movingin theclouds, asifin\nsecret,likethewell-attired wifewhoremainsinthe women’sapartment, but\nsometimesshowingitself,like thehymnorprayerrecitedat religiousceremo-\nnies. The comparisons are scarcely intelligible. V&k here is the voice of\nHeaven, thethunder. SeeMaxMuller, Vedic Hymns, PartI.\n5 Rodasi usually regarded as the consortof Rudra, said by S&yana to\nmeanherethelightning,thebrideoftlieMaruts.\nStiryd: thedaughteroftheSun,whomounted thechariot ofthe Asvins.\nSeel. 116.17.\n7 She Rodasi. Inthesecondhemistichthere isno substantive, only ad-\njectivesin the feminine gender. Wilson,followingS&yana, rendersthelast\nhalf-lineby ‘supportsaflourishingprogeny.’ Ludwigthinksthat Rodasi ap-\npearsas ElXddvict ofthe Greek pantheon, the Goddess who presides over\nchildbirth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 229,
            "content": "—\n:; : ;\nHYMN 168.] THE RIGVEDA. 233\n8 Mitra and Yaruna they guard from censure : Aryaman too,\ndiscovers worthless sinners.\nFirm things are overthrown that ne’er were shaken he pros-\n:\npers, Maruts, who gives choice oblations.\n9 None of us, Maruts, near or at a distance, hath£ver reached\nthe limit of your vigour.\nThey in courageous might still waxing boldly have compassed\nround their foemen like an ocean.\n10 May we this day be dearestfriends of Indra, and letus call on\nhim in fight to-morrow.\nSo were we erst. New might attend us daily ! so be writh us\nItibhukshan of the Heroes\n!\n11 May this your laud, may this your song, 0 Maruts, sung by\nthe poet, M&na’s son, M&ndarya,\nBring offspring for ourselves with food to feed us. May we\nfind strengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN\nCLXVIII. Maruts.\nSwift gain is his who hathyou nearat everyrite yewelcome\n:\nevery song of him who serves the Gods.\nSo may I turn you hither with fair hymns of praise to give\ngreat succour for the weal of both the worlds.\n2 Surrounding, as it were, self-born, self-powerful, they spring\nto life the shakers-down of food and light\nLike as the countlessundulationsofthefloods, worthyofpraise\nwhen near, like bullocks and like kine.\n3 They who, likeSomas with theirwell-growrn stalks pressed out,\nimbibed within the heart, dwell there in friendly wise.\nUpon their shoulders rests as ’twere a warrior’s spear, and in\ntheir hand they holda dagger and a ring.\n10 Thehymnappearstohavebeenrecitedontheeveofanexpectedbattle.\nRibhuhshan aname ofIndra, aslord oftheKiblius.\n1 The text ofthefirstline is manifestly corrupt, and translationis conjec-\ntural. SeeMaxMuller, SacredBooks oftheEast, XXXII, p. 281.\n2 The shahers-down violently sending downtherain which isfollowed by\nsunlightand fertility.\nWhennear terrificinappearence atadistance,butgentlewhenpropitiated\nwithworship.\n3 Thefirsthemistichis obscure. Perhapsthe meaning is thatthe bene-\nficialeffectsofthestormarelastinglikethe inspiringinfluenceofSomajuice.\nWarrior's sjpear: ‘Rambhint I now take with S&yana in the senseof a\nwife clingingtotheshoulders ofher husband, though whatis meantis the\ns Mp ue la lr e, r,or Ves do im ce Hyo mth ne sr ,w I.ea 2p 8o 3n ,, slung over the shoulders ; see1. 167, 3.’ M,,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 230,
            "content": ": :\n234 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK /*\n4 Self-yoked they have descended lightly from the sky. With\nyotirown lash, Immortals, urge yourselves to speed.\nUnstained by dust the Maruts, mighty intheir strength, have\noast down e'en firmthings, armed with their shining spears.\n5 Who amongyou, 0Marutsarmedwit!)lightning-spears, moveth\nyou by himself, as with the tongue his jaws2\nYe rush from heaven's floor as though ye sought for food, bn\nmany errands like the Sun's diurnal Steed,\n6 Say where, then, is this mighty region'sfarthesthound, where,\nMaruts, is the lowest depth that ye have reached,\nWhen ye cast down like chaff the firmly sfcablished pile, and\nfrom the mountain send the glittering water-flood?\n7 Your winning is with strength, dazzling, with heavenly light,\nwith fruit mature, 0 Maruts, fall of plenteousness.\n10 Auspicious is your gift like a free giver’s meed, victorious,\nspreading far, as of immortal Gods.\n8 The rivers roar before your chariot fellies whenthey areutter-\ning the voice of rain-clouds.\nThe lightnings laugh upon theearth beneath them, what time\nthe Maruts scatter forth their fatness.\n9 Prism brought forth, to fight the mightybattle, theglittering\narmy of the restless Maruts.\nNurtured together they begat the monster, and then looked\nround them for the food that strengthens.\nMay thisyour laud, may this your song, 0 Maruts, sung by\nthe poet, Manas son, Mandarya,\nBring offspring for ourselves with food to feed us. May we\nfind strenthemng food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXIX.\nIndra.\nAs, Indra, from greattreason thou protectest, yea, from great\ntreachery these who approach us,\nSo, marking well, Controller of the Maruts, grant us their\nblessings, for they are thy dearest.\nth5 emW th ha et i, rfa is rk ss tit mh pe ulp so ee ,t, asis at mhe anmo wv hi en ng hp eri wn ac si hp ele so mf ovt eh se hM ia 'r -1u -ts —?vWho\n-1\ngives\n?\n*Thisstanza/remarksWilson, *isexceedinglyellipticaland ; : -\n.completionofthetextisentirelyconjectural.’\n9 Prisni themother oftheMaruts. See I.24. 3. Themonster themass\nofdarkstorm-clouds.\n1 Thesewhoapproachus: theMaruts,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 231,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMN 170,] THE RIGVEDA. 235\n2 The various doings of all mortal people by thee are ordered,\nin thy wisdom, Indra.\nThe host of Maruts goeth forth exulting to win the light-\nbestowing spoil of battle.\n3§That spear of thine sat -firm for us, 0 Indra : the Maruts set\ntheir whole dread power in motion.\nE7en Agni shines resplendent in the brushwood the viands\n:\nhold him as hoods hold an island.\n4 Touchsafe us now that opulence, 0 Indra, as guerdon won by\nmightiest donation.\nMay hymns that please thee cause the breast of Yayu to\nswell as with the mead's refreshing sweetness.\n5 With thee, 0 Indra, are most bounteous riches that further\nevery one who lives uprightly.\nNow may these Maruts show us loving-kindness, Gods who\nof old were ever prompt to help us.-\n6 Bring forth the Men who rain down boons, 0 Indra exert\n:\nthee in the great terrestrial region\nFor their broad-chested speckled deer are standing like a\nKing^s armies on the field of battle.\n7 Heard isTHBTroa'r'TJ'f^the‘advancingMaruts, terrific, glittering,\nand swiftly moving,\nWho with their rush overthrow as 'twere a sinner the mortal\nwho would fight with those who love him.\n8 Give to the Meinas, Indra with the Maruts, gifts universal,\ngifts of cattle foremost.\nThou, God, art praised with Gods who must be lauded. May\nwe find strengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXX. Indra. Maruts,\nNaught is to-day, to-morrow naught. Whocomprehends the\nmystery\n?\nWe must address ourselves unto another's thought, and.lost\nis then the hope we formed.\n2 The Maruts are thy brothers. Why, 0 Indra, wouldst thou\ntake our lives?\nAgree withtheminfriendlywise, anddonotslayusinthefight,\n3 Satfirm: was firmlyandproperlyheldby tlieWarrior-God.\n6 TheMen : the Maruts. Theirchariotis drawnbyspotteddeer.\n8 TheMdnas men of the familyof thepoetMfina.\n1 Lostis thenthe hopewe formed .- Indra appearstohaveappropriatedto\nhimself thesacrifice intendedfor theMaruts, who complain, accordingly,of\ntheirdependenceonanother’swilland of theirdisappointedhopes.\n2 ThisisspokenbyAgastya,whoofferedthesacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 232,
            "content": ": ;\n286 THEHYMNS OF [BOOK /.\n3 Agastya, brother, why dost thou neglect us, thou who art our\nfriend1\nWe know the nature of thy mind. Verily thou wilt give us\nnaught.\n4 Let them prepare the altar, let them kindle fire in front:\nwe two\nHere will spread sacrifice for thee, that the Immortal may\nobserve.\n5 Thou, Lord of Wealth, art Master of all treasures, thou, Lord\nof friends, art thy friends’ best supporter.\n0 Indra, speak thou kindly with the Maruts, and taste obla-\ntians in their proper season.\n„\nHYMN CLXXI.\nMaruts.\nTo you I come with this mine adoration, and with a hymn I\ncrave the Strong Ones’ favour,\nA hymn that truly makes youjoyful, Maruts. Suppress your\nanger and unyoke your horses.\n2 Maruts, to you this laud with prayerand worship, formed in\nthe mind and heart, ye Gods, is offered.\nCome ye to us, rejoicing in your spirit, for ye arethey wTho\nmake our prayer effective.\n3 The Maruts, praised by us, shall show us favour; Maghavan,\nlauded, shall be most propitious.\nMaruts, may all our days that are to follow be very pleasant,\nlovely and triunphant,\n4 I fledin terrror from this mighty Indra, mybody tremblingin\nalarm, 0 Maruts.\nOblations meant for you had been made ready thesehave we\n;\nsetaside : for this forgive us.\n3 TheMarutscomplain thatAgastya doesnot supporttheirclaim.\n4 SpokenbyAgastyato Indra. We Agni andI. TheImmortal; Agni.\n5 Agastyacontinueshisconciliatoryspeech.\n1 Unyokeyour horses staywith usand enjoythe sacrifice. *Thishymn,\nagain,’ asWilsonremarks, *indicatesasortoftrimming betweenthe worship\npfIndraandtheMaruts.’\n3 Unabletotranslate thesecond hemistichsatisfactorily, Ihave followed\nS&yana who takes vdndni as an adjective, lovely. Grassmann translates :\n*Mayallour days stand uprightlike beautiful trees/ and Ludwigsuggests\n‘battling? spears? for komytt—vdndni. *May ourtrees (ourlances) through\nOurvalourstandalwayserect.' MaxMuller.\n4 AgastyaapologizesforhavingallowedIndratoenjoytheofferingsintend-\nedfortheMaruts,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 233,
            "content": "; ::: :: :\nHYMN 173.] THE RIGVEDA. 237\n5 BywhomtheManasrecognizethedaysprings,bywhosestrength\nat the dawn of endless mornings,\nGive us, thou Mighty, glory with the Maruts, fierce with the\nfierce, the Strong who givest triumph.\n6 Do thou, 0 Indra, guard the conquering Heroes, tmd rid thee\nof thy wrath against the Maruts,\nWith them, the wise, victorious and bestowing. May we find\nstrengthening food infull abundance.\nHYMN\nCLXXII.\nMaruts.\nWonderful let your coming be, wondrouswithhelp,yeBount-\neous Ones,\nMaruts, who gleam as serpents gleam,\n2 Farbe fromus, 0 Maruts,yefreegivers, your impetuous shaft;\nFar from us be the stone ye hurl,\n3 0 Bounteous Givers, touch ye not, 0 Maruts, Trinaskanda’s\nfolk\nLift ye us up that we may live.\nHYMN CLXXIIL\nIndra.\nThe praise-song let him sing, forthburstingbird-like sing we\n:\nthat hymn which like heaven’s light expandeth,\nThat the milk-giving cows may, unimpeded, call to the sacred\ngrass the Gods’ assembly.\n2 Let the Bull sing with Bulls whose toil is worship, with a loud\nroar like some wild beastthat hungers.\nPraised God the glad priest brings his heart’s devotion the\n! ;\nholy youth pi'esents twofold oblation.\n5 Bywhom thou, Indra, bywliom, etc.\n1 Whogleam asserpents gleam; referringto theflashes of lightning that\naccompanythe Godsof storm.\n2 Thestone thethunderbolt.\n3 Trinaskandu'sfolk Trinaskandaappearstobethenameofsomechiefnot\nelsewherementioned. Wilson,followingS&yana,translates\n:\n‘protectmypeople\n(although 1 be) asinsignificantas grass.’\n1 Lethimsing lettheIJdgatarpriestsingtheS&man ormetricalhymnof\npraise, which spreadsandblesses likethelightofheaven.\n2 The Bull perhapstheinstitutorofthe sacrifice ; or Indrahimself may\nbeintended. S&yanaoffersboth explanations.\nTheBulls: theofficiatingpriests.\nPraised God! addressed to Indra. The meaning of the hemistichis obs-\ncure. Thewordmithuntt (literally, pairs) whichIhaverenderedinaccordance\nwithS&yanaandWilson,means accordingtoGrassmann, *boththeworlds/ and\naccordingto Ludwig, *thecouples consistingof thesacrificersand therespec-\ntive wives/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 234,
            "content": ": :;: ;\n238 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n3 May the Priest come circling the measured stations, andwith\nhim bring the earth’s autumnal fruitage.\nLetthe Horse neigh led near, let the Steer bellow : let the\nVoice go between both worlds as herald.\n4 To him ewe offer welcomest oblations, the pious bring their\nstrength-inspiring praises.\nMay Indra, wondrous in hismight, accept them, car-borne and\nswiftto move like the Nasatyas.\n5 Praise thou that Indra who is truly mighty, the car-borne\nWarrior, Maghavan the Hero\nStronger inwar than those who fight against him, borne by\nstrong steeds, who kills enclosing darkness\n6 Him who surpasses heroes in his greatness : the earth and\nheavens suffice not forhis girdles.\nIndra endues the earth tobe hisgarment,and, God-like, wears\nthe heaven as ’twere a frontlet,\n7 Thee, Hero, —guardian of the brave in battles, who roamest in\n10 the van, to draw thee hither,\nIndra, thehosts agree beside the Soma, andjoy, forhis great\nactions, in the Chieftain.\n8 Libationsintheseatotheearepleasant, whenthydivineFloods\ncome to cheer these people.\nTo thee the Cow is sum of all things grateful when with the\nwish thou seekest men and princes.\n9 So may we in this One hewell befriended, well aidedas itwere\nthrough praise of chieftains,\nThat Indra still may linger at our worship, as one led swift to\nwork, to hear our praises.\nLike men in rivalry extolling princes, our Friend he Indra,\nwieldor of the thunder.\nLike true friends of some city’s lord, within them held in good\nrule with sacrifice they help him.\nZ ThePnest: Agni who is also the Horse and the Steer. The measured\nstations; thedifferentfire-altars. Fruitage grainfortheoblation. The Voice:\nthunder.\n4 TheNdsatyas: theAsvi-ns,whosechariotisfamedforswiftness.\nlar8 ygeI Irn nest teh hre iv sos ie Ora no efr /e S ta o hc m ih sain ojg nui et ch e te . re uei Tn fh ret ih ewe ni dss h Ie na do rgf ar .aa ni tr i; ngor all‘t th he eis rea d’ esim rea sy , mean the\nm\n.\n™ commene ds aw t- iZ oa nil-i,kd ei* (? thu ol st ecoW nf tl ea no dn i, nf gol fl oo rwi tn hg eS& fy aa von ua r, )t or fans ml eat nes: ma‘E rmu Inl do ru as\nt dh ese iw ri oe ul sd oe fro hf u St 0h fe dr °t ih e °nu Udn rsd he ir mpb to el ( nct no, enc dib ile aia te t eq eu ) (a rl t el h py e res( l ea o nrf tdr ai toe ifn vd ea) s)ct io pt ry ou ps ( i: r tu ill aii tnk egge ) (t Iwh no i ds t re ah* )w g wo ih o to d\nh"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 235,
            "content": ": : : : :\nHYMN 174.] TUB RIGYENA. 239\n11 For every sacrifice makes Indra stronger, yea, when he goes\naround angry in spirit\n;\nAs pleasure at the ford invites the thirsty, as the long way\nbrings him who gains his object.\n12 Let us not here contend with Gods, 0Indra, forhere, 0Mighty\nOne, is thine own portion,\nThe Great, whose Friends the bounteous Maruts honour, as\nwith a stream, his song who pours oblations.\n13 Addressed to thee is this our praise, O Indra: Lord of Bay\nSteeds, find us hereby advancement.\nSo mayst thou lead us on, 0 God, to comfort. May we find\nstrengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXIV.\nIndra.\nThou art the Xing of all the Gods, 0 Indra protect the men,\n0 Asura, preserve us. :\nThou Lord of Heroes, Maghavan, our saver, art faithful, very\nrich, the victory-giver.\n2 Indra, thou humbledst tribes that spaUe with insultby break-\ning down seven autumn forts, their refuge.\nThou stirredst, Blameless 1 billowy Foods, and gavest his foe a\nprey to youthful Purukutsa.\n3 With whom thou drivest troops whose lords areheroes, and\nbringest daylight now, much worshipped Indra,\nWith them guard lion-like wasting active Agni to dwell in our\ntilled fields and in ourhomestead.\n4 They through the greatness of thy spear, 0 Indra, shall, to\nthy praise, rest in this earthly station.\nTo loose the floods, to seek, forkine, the battle, his Bays he\nmounted, boldly seized the booty.\n5 Indra, bear Kutsa, him in whom thou joyest the dark-red\n:\nhorses of the Wind are docile.\n11 Indra will come at last although he tarriesnow. We must wait pa-\ntiently. Thethirsty traveller comestothestream and reacheshis journey’s\nend atlast.\nWilson observes with truththat cthishymnisingeneral ellipticalandobs-\ncure.’ A translatorhas to endeavour togive theprobable meaning of the\nwordsas they stand, withoutventuringonconjectural completion of fancied\nellipsesandtheinsertionofwords atpleasureafterthemannerofS&yana.\n1 Themen: thepriests. Us: tbyworshippers. Asura immortaland divine.\n2 Autumnforts probablystrongholdsonhighground, occupiedintherainy\nreason. Purukittsa: has beenmentioned before. SeeI. 63. 7.\n3 Withwhom. theMaruts.\n4 They: the enemy, lie Indra.\n5 Kutsa the Rishiofthatname. WilsonparaphrasesafterS&yana : tBear\n(thesage) Kutsatothat ceremony (towhich) thou desirest(toconvey him)/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 236,
            "content": "; : : ; :\n240 THE HYMNS OF [SOON\nI.\nLet the Sunroll his chariotwheel anearus, andletthe Thund-\nerer go to meet the foemen.\n6 Thou Indra, Lord of Bays, made strong by impulse, hast slain\nthe vexers of thy friends, who give not.\nThey wlio beheldthe Friend beside the living were cast aside\nby thee as they rode onward.\n7 Indra, the bard sang forth in inspiration thou madest eartha\n:\ncovering for the Dfisa.\nMaghavan made the three that gleam with moisture, and to\nhis home brought Kuyavach to slay him.\n108 These thine old deeds new bards have sung, 0 Indra. Thou\nconqueredst, boundest many tribes for ever.\nLike castles thou hast crushed the godless races, and bowed\nthe godless scorner’s deadly weapon.\n9\nAStormerthouhastmadethestormywatersflowdown,\n0Indra,\nlike the running rivers.\nWhen o’er the flood thou broughtest them, 0 Eero, thou kept-\nest Turvasa and Yadu safely.\nIndra, mayst thou be ours in all occasions, protector of the\nmen, most gentle-hearted,\nGiving us victoryover allour rivals. Maywe findstrengthen-\ning food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXV.\nIndra#\nGlad thee : thy glory hath been quaffed, Lord of Bay Steeds,\nas ’twere the bowl’s enlivening mead.\nFor thee the Strong there is strongdrink, mighty, omnipotent\nto win.\n2 Let our strong drink, most excellent, exhilarating, come to\nthee,\nVictorious, Indra! bringing gain, immortal, conquering in\nfight.\n3 Thou, Hero, winnerof thespoil, urgesttospeedthe carof man.\nBurn,likeavesselwiththeflame,thelawlessDasyu,Conqueror!\nG mo a6 d ysW poh ef ro ht ah(j pei sv Ae brn eyo at an; s p. rw oh po T eh ro ef nf F aer r min eeo n hdo eb rl ea .It ni do rn as .; b Ba er sb ia dr eia tn hs elw ih vio nrd jon Ao y Jt u,wo tr hs eh li ip vit nh ge\nso1 ntT rh ae nst lh ar te ee st :ha rt hag sle ma am dw eit th hemo ti hs rt eu er (e r; egw ih ona st )t mh ae rvt eh lre le oua sre byis Mn sot gic fl tse .a ’r. SW oi ml e-\nreferencetothree morningsappearstobeintended. Kuyav&ch probably the\nname ofademon, orbarbarian,\n9 Turvuqaand Yadu eponyjniofAryan tribes. SeeI. 36. 8.\nous1 dT eeh dy s,gl no ary meh la yth thb eee Sn oq mua aff je ud icet ch oo nu tah ia ns et dd ir nu tn hk ew bh owa lt .incites theeto g°lo~ri-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 237,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 176,] THE RIGVEDA. 241\n4 Empowered by thine own might, 0 Sage, thou stolest Surya's\nchariot wheel.\nThou barest Kutsawith the steeds of Wind to Sushna as his\ndeath.\n5 Most mighty is thy rapturous joy, most splendid is thine\nactive power,\nWherewith, foe-slaying, sending bliss, thou art supreme in\ngaining steeds.\n6 As thou, 0 Indra, to the ancient singers wast ever joy, as\nwater to the thirsty,\nSo unto thee I sing this invocation. May we findstrengthen-\ning food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXVI.\nIndra\n.\nCheerthee with draughts to win us bliss: Soma, pierce Indra\nin thy strength.\nThou stormest trembling in thy rage, and findestnot afoeman\nnigh.\n2 Make our songs penetrate to himwho isthe Only One ofmen\nEor whom the sacred food is spread, as the steer ploughs the;\nbarleyin.\n3 Within whose hands deposited all the Pive Peoples' treasures\nrest.\nMark thou the man who injures us and kill him like the heav-\nenly bolt.\n4 Slay everyone who pours no gift, who, heard to reach, delights\nthee not.\nBestow on us what wealth he hath this even the worshipper\n:\nawaits.\n5 Thou kolpest him the doubly strong whose hymns were sung\nunceasingly.\nWhen Indra fought, 0 Soma, thou holpest the mighty in the\nfray.\n6 As thou, 0 Indra, to the ancient singers wast ever joy, like\nwater to the thirsty,\nSo unto thee I sing this invocation. May we find strengthen-\ning food in full abundance.\n4 ThoustolestS&rya'schariotwheel; Indraissaidtohave taken the wheel\nofthechariotof the{Sunandtohavecastitlikeaquoitagainstthedemon-of\ndrought.\nKutsa theRislii mentionedin thepreceding hymn. Indradefended him\nagainstSush.ua,orprotectedmankindfromdrought. SeeI. 51. 6.\n5 Mostmighty is thy rapturousjoy Wilson translates: ‘Thyinebriety is\nmostintense/ See I. 51. 2.\n3 TheEtvePeoples' treasures thewealthofalltheAryans. SeeL 7. 9.\n16"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 238,
            "content": "—\n: :\n242 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOR /.\nHYMN CLXXVII.\nIndra\n.\nThe Bull ofmen, who cherishes allpeople, King of the Kaces,\nIndra, calledof many,\nFame-loving, praised, hither to me with succour turn having\nyokedjooth vigorous Bay Horses\n!\n2 Thy mighty Stallions, yoked by prayer, 0 Indra, thy Coursers\nto thy mightychariot harnessed,\nAscend thou these, and borne by them come hither with\n:\nSoma juice out-poured, Indra, we call thee.\n3 Ascend thy mighty ear : the mighty Soma is poured for thee,\nand sweets are sprinkled round us.\nCome down to us-ward, Bull of human races, come, having\nharnessed them, with strong Bay Horses,\n4 Here is God-reaching sacrifice, here the victim; here, Indra,,\nare the prayers, here is the Soma.\nStrewn is the sacred grass ; come hither, Sakra ; seattheeand\n2 drink unyoke thy two Bay Coursers.\n:\n5 Come to us, Indra, come thou highly lauded to the devotions\nof the singer Mana.\nSinging, may we find early through thy succour, may we find\nstrengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXYIII. v\nIndra.\nIf, Indra, thou hast given tliat gracious hearing wherewith\nthouholpest those who sang thy praises,\nBlast not the wish that would exalt us : mayI gain all from\nthee,and pay all man’s devotions.\n2 Let not the Sovran Indra disappoint us in what shall bring\nboth Sisters to our dwelling.\nTo him have run the quickly flowing waters. May Indra\ncometo us with life and friendship.\n3 Victorious withthe men, Hero in battles, Indra, who hears\nthe singer’ssupplication.\nWillbring his car nigh to the man who offers, if he himself\nupholdsthe songs that praise him.\n1 TheBull: thehero,orchiefdistinguishedbysuperiorstrength.\n3 Thewordhererenderedby ‘mighty’ (vrishau) is commonlyapplied\nintheYedatolivingbeingsandthingspreeminentforstrength,andtheYedie\npoetsdelightinrepealingitandits compoundsandderivatives. *Butthisis\nnothing yet/ observes Prof. MaxMuller, ‘comparedtoother passages, when\nYth .e 4p 0oe 2,t 3ca ;n Vn Io It I.ge 1t 3.en 3o 1u —g 3h 3.of vrishanandvrishabhrf.’ Of.II. Id, 6; V.30. 5 ;\n2 BothSisters Might and Morning. The quiehly flowingwaters forthe\nlibations. ... ..t *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 239,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 180.] THE JkIGVEDA. 243\n4 Yea, Indra, with the men, throughlove of glory consumes the\nsacred food which friends have offered.\nThe ever-strengthening song of him who worships is sung* in\nfight amid theclash of voices.\n5 Aided by thee, 0 Magbavan, 0Indra, may wesubdue our foes\nwho count them mighty.\nBe our protector, strengthen and increase us. May we find\nstrengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXX.\nAsvin*.\nLightly your coursers travel through the regions when round\nthe sea of air your car is Eying.\nYour golden fellies scatter drops of moisture : drinking the\nsweetness yeattend the Mornings.\n2 Ye as ye travel overtake the Courser who flies apart, the\nFriendof man, most holy.\nThe prayer is that the Sister may convey you, all praised,\nmeath-drinkers to support and strengthen.\n1\n3 Ye have deposited, matured within her, in the raw cow the\nfirst milk of the milch-cow,\nWhich the bright offerer, shining like a serpent mid trees,\npresents to you whose form is perfect.\n4 Ye made the fierce heat to be full of sweetness for Atri at his\n* wish, like streaming water.\nFire-offeringthenceisyours, 0 Asvins, Heroes yourcar-wheels\n:\nspeed to us like springs of honey.\n5 Like Tugra’s ancient son may I, ye Mighty, bring you to give\nyour gifts with milk-oblations.\nYour greatness compasseth Earth, Heaven, and Waters: decay-\ned for you is sorrow's net, ye Holy.\nForHymn CLXXIX. SeeAppendix,\n2 The Courser: theSun. TheSister: Uslias, Dawn.\n3 Thefirstmilk : ye depositedthemilkwithinthe Cosmic Cow, andthis is-\nfoundunalteredin thecowsof earth.\nThe bright offerer; I follow Both in taking this tobethefire, creeping\nthrough —thefuelas asnakethatcreepsandgleams through the bushes. But\nthehemistichisvery difficult and the meaning is doubtful. Wilson, after\nS&yana. . </rrvigilant inthemidst of the ceremony) as a thief\n(inthe ' Ludwig saysthathudvd means neither snake\nnor thief, b.ut( atuborwoodenvessel.\n4 Atri : see I. 112. 7.\n5 Tugra's ancientson: see1.117. 4. Greatness Iadopt Ludwig’s conjec-\nturemdhimdformtfhintf*\n- ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 240,
            "content": "—\n: ;\n244 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n6 When* Bounteous Ones, ye drivevyour yoked team downward,\nye send, by your own natures, i.-;-vL~vV:*.7.\nSwift asthe wind let the prince pi . , 1 : .,. * you : he, like\napious man, gains strength for increase.\n-\n7 For veritywetruthful singerspraiseyou: the niggardtrafficker\nis here excluded.\nNow, even now do ye 0 blamelessAsvins, ye Mighty, guard\nthe manwhose God is near him.\n8 You of a truth dayafter day, 0 Asvins, that he might winthe\n10 very plenteous torrent,\nAgastya, famous among mortal heroes, roused with athousand\nlauds like sounds of music.\n9 When with the glory of your carye travel, when ye go speed'\ning like the priest of mortals,\nAnd give good horses to the sacrifices, may we, Nasatyas\n!\ngain our share of riches.\nWith songs of praise we call to-day, 0 Asvins, that your new\nchariot, for our own well-being,\nThat circles heaven with never-injured fellies. May we find\nstrengthening food in full abundance.\nI-IYMN CLXXXI. Asvins.\nWhat, dearest Pair, is this in strength and riches that ye as\nPriests are bringing from the waters1\nThissacrifice isyour glorification, ye whoprotect mankindand\ngive them treasures.\n1 2 May your pure steeds, rain-drinkers, bring you hither, swiftas\nthe tempest, your celestial couriers,\nEapid as thought, with fairhacks,fullof vigour, resplendentin\ntheir native light, 0Asvins.\n3 Your car is like a torrent rushing downward : may it come\nnigh, broad-seated, for our welfare,\nCar holy, strong, that ever would be foremost, thought-swift,\nwhich ye, for whom we long, have mounted.\n6 Theprince: theinstitutorofthesacrifice.\n8 Theveryplenteoustorrent to obtain abundance of rain. Agastya: the\nHishiofthehymn.\n* 9 Whenyouassistthepiouschiefsinbattle,andtheywin thespoil,letthe\npriestswhoofficiatedatthesacrificeswhichwonthataidreceivetheirdueshare\nofthebootyaBtheirreward.\n1 Fromthewaters fromthefirmament."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 241,
            "content": ": : ; ,\nIlfMET 1S2J TlIB klGYEDA. Ut>\n4 Here sprung to life, they both have sungtogether, with bodies\nfree from stain, with signs that mark them\nOne of you Prince of Sacrifice, the Victor, the other counts as\nHeaven’s auspicious offspring,\n5 May your car-seat, down-gliding* golden-coloured, according to\nyour wish, approach our dwellings.\nMen shall feed full the bay steeds of the other, and, Asvins\nthey with roars shall stir the regions.\n6 Forth comes your strong Bull like a cloud of autumn, sending\nabundant food of liquid sweetness.\nLet them feed with the other’s ways and vigour the upper\ni\nstreams have come and do us service.\n7 Your constant song hathbeen sentforth,Disposers thatflows\n!\nthreefold in mighty strength, 0 Asvins.\nThus lauded, give the suppliantprotection moving orresting\n:\n.hear mine invocation.\n8 This song of bright contents for you is swelling in the men’s\nhall where threefold grass is ready.\nYour strong rain-cloud, ye Mighty Ones,hath swollen, honour-\ning men as ’twere with milk’s outpouring.\n9 The prudent worshipper, like Pushan, Asvins praises you as\nhe praises Dawn and Agni, !\nWhen, singing with devotion, he invokes you. May we find\nstrengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXXIT.\nAsvins.\nThis was the task. Appear promptly, ye prudent Ones. Here\nis the chariot drawn by strong steeds : be ye glad.\nHeart-stirring, longed for, suecourers of Vispal&, here are\nHeaven’s Sons whose sway blesses the pious man.\n6 YourStrong Bull: your swift chariot. \"Wilsonremarks : fThisand.the\nprecedingstanzaare notvery explicitin thecomparison whichis intimated\nbetween*thefunctions ofthetwo Asvins, for theuseof anyasya ofthe other,\nuin ndt eh re sts oe oc don id nh ta hl efo fif rst the halv fe .r ’se,isallthatintimatesthate/casya\n,\noftheone,is\n7 Thatflowsthreefold: fromthreepriests.\n8 Threefoldgrass : sacredgrassarrangedto formthreelayers orseats.\n9 As hepraisesDawn andAgni thatis, atthemorningsacrifice.\n1 Thiswasthetask thissacrificeistheworkatwhichyouhavetopreside.\nBeyeglad: delightyourselves withthe Somajuice.\nSuecourersof Vispald: bygivingheranironleg. SeeI. 316. 15. Or the\nwordinthetextmay mean, as explainedby S&yana, ‘richinbenevolence to\nmen/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 242,
            "content": ";\n246 TIIE HYMNS OF [BOOK /.\n2 Longed for, most Indra-like, mighty, most Marat-like, most\nwonderful in deed, car-borne, best charioteers,\nBiing your full\" chariot hither heaped with l.iquid sweet:\nthereon, ye Asvins, come to him who offers gifts.\n3 What make ye there, ye Mighty? Wherefore linger ye with\nfolk who, offering not, are held in high esteem?\nPass over them ; make ye the niggard’s life decay : give light\nunto the singer eloquent in praise.\n4 Crunch up on every side the dogs who bark at us : slay ye\nour foes, 0 Asvins this ye understand.\nMake wealthy every; word of him who praises you : accept\nmy\nwith favour, both Nasatyas, this laud.\n5 Ye made for Tugra’s son amid the water-floods that animated\nship with wingsto fly withal,\nWhereon with God-devoted mind ye brought him forth, and\nfled with easy flight from outthe mighty surge.\n6 Four ships most welcome in the midst of ocean, urged by the\nAsvins, save the son of Tugra,\nHimwho was cast down headlong in the waters, plunged in\nthe thick inevitable darkness.\n7 What tree was that which stood fixed in surrounding sea to\nwhich the son of Tugra supplicating clung?\nLike twigs, of which some wingedcreature maytake hold, ye,\nAsvins, bore him off safely to your renown.\n8 Welcome to you be this the hymn of praises uttered by\nManas, 0 Nasatyas, Heroes,\nFrom this our gathering where we offer Soma. May we find\nstrengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXXIir. Asvins,\nMake ready that which passes thoughtinswiftness, that hath\nthree wheels and triple seat, ye Mighty,\nWhereonye seek the dwelling of the pious, whereon, three-\nfold, ye flylike birds with pinions.\n5 Tugra'&son: seeI. 116. 3, 4,\n6 Inthemidstof ocean Icanmakenothingofthej&thcdasyaof thetext,\nandinsertthesewordsassubstitutefortranslation.\n7 Whattreewasthat: figurativelyof the Asvinswhosaved him, as, in a\nsudden inundation,atreesavestheman who climbsit. An.\npretation of thelegend willbefound in M. Bergaigne’s La •*. i( :\nIII. 10.17.\n1 The three-wheeled chariot of the Asvins has been mentioned before?\nBeeI. 34, 14"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 243,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN 184,] THE MOVED A. 247\n2 Light rolls your easy chariot faringearth-ward, what time, for\nfood, ye, full of 'wisdom, mount it,\nMay this song, wondrous fair, attend your glory ye, as ye\ntravel, wait on Lawn Heaven's Daughter. :\n3 Ascendyour lightly rolling car, approaching the* worshipper\nwho turns him to his duties,\nWhereon ye come unto the house to quicken man and his\noffspring, 0 Nasatyas, Heroes.\n4 Let notthe wolf, let not the she-wolf harm you. Forsake me\nnot, nor pass me by for others.\nHere stands your share, here is your hymn, yeMighty : yours\nare these vessels, full of pleasantjuices.\n5 Gotama, Purumilha, Atri bringing oblations all invoke you\nfor protection.\nLike one who goes straight to the point directed, come, ye\nNasatyas, to mine invocation.\n6 We have passed o'er the limit of this darkness: our praise\nhath been bestowed on you, 0 Asvins.\nCome hitherward by paths which Gods have travelled. May;\nwe find strengthening focd in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXXIY. Asvins.\nLet us invoke you both this day and after : the priest is here\nwith lauds when morn is breaking :\nNasatyas, wheresoe'er ye be, Heaven's Children, for him who\nis more liberal than the godless.\n2 With us, ye Mighty, let yourselves be joyful, glad in our\nstream of Soma slay the niggards.\nGraciouslyhearmy hymnsandinvitations, marking, 0 Heroes,\nwith your ears my longing.\n3 N asatyas, Pushans, ye as Gods for glory arranged and set in\norder Surya's bridal.\nYourgiant steeds move on, sprung from the waters, like an-\ncient times of Yaruna the Mighty.\n4 Let notthe wolf: let no enemy prevent your coming. Ludwig thinks\nthat thereis anironical referenceto thewolf from whose j^aws the Asvins\nrescuedthequail. BeeI. 117. 16.\n,\n6 Gotama, P-urumilha Atri sagesfavouredbytheAsvins.\n,\nS P'dshans yewho cherish menlikePushanhimself,\nSdri/d the daughterof the Sunand theconsort of the Asvins. See I.\n116. 17. Giantsteeds: cf. I. 46. B.\nWhatthe timesorages of Yaruna areisuncertain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 244,
            "content": ": ; ;\nm\nTUB HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n4 Your grace be with us, ye who love sweet juices further\n:\nthe hymn sung by the poet Mana,\nWhen men are joyful in your glorious actions, to win heroic\nstrength, ye Bounteous Givers,\n5 Thispraise was made, 0 liberal Lords, 0 Asvins, for you with\nfair adornment by the Manas.\nCome to our house for us and for our children, rejoicing, 0\n]Sfasatyas, in Agastya.\n6 We have passed o’er the limit of this darlmess our praise\n:\nhath been bestowed on you, 0 Asvins.\nCome hitherward by paths which Godshave travelled. May\nwe find strengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXXV.\nHeavenandEarth.\nWhether of these is elder, whether later? How were they\nbom ? Who knoweth it, ye sages1\nThese of themselves support all things existing as on a car\n:\nthe Day and Night roll onward.\n2 The Twain uphold, though motionless and footless, a wide-\nspread offspring havingfeet and moving.\nLike your own son upon his parents’ bosom, protect us,\nHeaven and Earth, from fearful danger.\n3 I callforAditi’s unrivalled bounty, perfect, celestial, deathless,\nmeet for worship.\nProduce this, ye Twain Worlds, for him who lauds you.\nProtect us, Heaven and Earth, from fearful danger.\n4 May we be close to both the Worlds who suffer no pain,\nParents of Gods, who aid with favour,\nBoth mid the Gods, with Day and Night alternate. Protect\nus, Heaven and Earth, from fearful danger.\n5 Faring together, young, with meeting limits, Twin Sisters\nlying intheir Parents’ bosom,\nKissing the centre of the world together. Protect us, Heaven\nand Earth, from fearful danger.\n6 Duly I callthetwowideseats, themighty, thegeneralParents,\nwith the Gods’ protection.\n3 Aditi*sgift alltheblessingsof infiniteNature. According to S&yana,\nAditi means here thefirmament,in whichcaseher giftwould beseasonable\nrain andconsequentwealth.\n4 Parentsof Gods-; aswiththe Greeks, HeavenandEarthare regardedas\nthefatherandmother of theGods.\n5 The meaning is obscure. Ludwig suggests Daksha and Aditi as the\nparents. The centreof theworldmeansusuallythealtar,\nGod6 s.Wit Th heth ne ecG to ad rs1p tr ho ete rc at ii no .n tocometouswith thefavourin6g hel 1nnf"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 245,
            "content": "; :: : ;\nHYiVX 186.] flJB ttjGVllDA.\n•\n249r\nWho, beautiful to look on,- make the nectar. Protect us*\nHeaven and Earth, from fearful danger.\n—\n7 Wide, vast, and manifold, whose bounds are distant, these*\nreverent, I address at this our worship,\nThe blessed Pair, victorious, all-sustaining. Protect us, Heaven\nand Earth, from fearful danger.\n8 What sin we have at any time committed against the Gods*\nourfriend, ourhouse’s chieftain,\nThereofmaythisour hymn be expiation. Protect US, Heaven\nand Earth, from fearful danger.\n9 May both these Friends ofman, who bless, preserve me, may\nthey attend me with their help and favour.\nEnrich the man more liberal than- the godless. May we, ye\nGods, be strong with food rejoicing.\n10 Endowed with understanding, I have uttered this truth, for\nall to hear, to Earth and Heaven.\nBe near us, keep us from reproach and trouble. Father and\nMother, with your help preserve us.\n11 Be this my prayer fulfilled, 0 Earth and Heaven, wherewith,\nFather and Mother, I address yon.\nNearest of Gods be ye with your protection. May we find\nstrengthening food in full abundance.\nHYMN CLXXXVt\nYisvedevaa.-\nLoved of all men, may Savitar, through praises offered as\nsacred food, come to our synod,\nThat you too, through our hymn, ye ever-youthful, may glad-\nden, at your visit, all our people.\n2 To us may all the Gods come trooped together, Aryaman,\nMitra, Yaruna concordant,\nf\nThat all may be promoters of our welfare, and with great\nmight preserve our strength from slackness.\n3 Agni I sing, the guest you love most clearly the Conqueror\n:\nthrough our lauds is friendly-minded :\nThathe may be our Vanina rich in glory, and send food like\na prince praised by the godly.\n4- To you I seek with reverence, Night and Morning, like a cow\ngood to milk, with hope to conquer,\n1 Savitar the Sun, especially regarded asthe vivifierand generator. Ye\neveryouthful Visvedevas, orAll-Gods.\n3 Our Yaruna ourlordandprotector.\n4 Likeacow thesingeris the cowandhishymn the milk.\nWithhopeto conquer to overcomesins, accordingtoS£yana."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 246,
            "content": "—\n:: : ::; :\n250 '' THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\nPreparing on a common day the praise-song with milk of vari-\n8 ous hues within this udder.\n£> May the great Dragon of the Deep rejoice us : as one who\nnourishes her young comes Sindhu,\nWith wh<Mnwe will incite the Child of Waters whom vigorous\ncoursers swift as thought bring hither.\nMoreover Tvashtar also shall approach us, one-minded with\nthe princes at his visit.\nHither shall come the Yritra-slayer Indra, Ruler of men, as\nstrongestofthe Heroes,\n'7 Him too our hymns delight, that yoke swift horses, like\nmother cows who lick their tender youngling.\nTo him our songs shall yield themselves like spouses, to him\nthe most delightful of the Heroes.\n8 So maythe Maruts, armed with mighty weapons, rest here on\nheaven and earth with hearts in concord,\n5\nAs Gods whose cars have dappled steeds like torrents, destroy-\ners of the foe, allies of Mitra.\n9 They hasten on to happy termination their orders when they\nare made known by glory.\nAs on a fairbright day the arrow fiieth, o’er all the barren\nsoil their missiles sparkle.\n10 Incline theAsvins to show grace, and Pushan, for power and\nmighthavethey, their own possession.\nFriendly are Yishnu, Yata, and Ribhukshan : so may I bring\nthe Godstomake us happy.\n11 This is my reverent thought of you, ye Holy ; may it inspire\nyou, make you dwell among us,\nThought, toiling for the Gods and seeking treasure. May we\nfind strengthening food in full abundance.\nA commonday belongingtothepastnightandthepresentmorning.\nMilkofvarioushues: thelibation^ofmilkmixedwiththeyelloworbrown\nSomajuice.\nThisudder apparently a figurative expression for the place of sacrifice\nwhencethemilkylibationsflow.\nDragonoftheDeep Ahibudhnya,adivinebeingthatdwellsin,andpre-\nskies overthefirmament. Sindhu: theIndus.\nThe Childof Waters: Agni.\n6 Tvashtar theheavenlyartist. Theprinces institutorsofthesacrifice.\n7 Thatyokeswifthorses thatquicklybringthe Gods to thesacrifice.\nTheirtender youngling S&yana takesthe epithettdrunam asapplying to\nIndractkeever-youthful.’\n10 Ribhukshan: aname of Indra,as Lord of the Ilibhus. Seel. 162.1."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 247,
            "content": ": ; ;\nHYMN 187.] THE RIQVEDA. 251\nHYMN CLXXXVII.\nPraiseof Food.\nNow will Iglorify Food that upholds great strength,\nBy whose invigoratingpower Trita rent Vritralimbfrom limb.\n2 0 pleasant Food, 0 Food of meath, thee have we chosen for\nour own, •\nSo be our kind protector thou.\n3 Come hitherward to us, 0 Food, auspicious with auspicious\nhelp,\nHealth-bringing, not unkind, a dear and guileless friend.\n94 These juices which, 0 Food, are thine throughout the regions\nare diffused.\nLike windsthey have their placein heaven.\n5 These gifts of thine, 0 Food, 0 Food most sweet to taste.\nThese savours of thy juices work like creatures that have\nmighty necks.\n6 In thee, 0 Food, is setthe spirit of great Gods.\nUnder thy flag brave deeds were done he slew the Dragon\n:\nwith thy help.\n7 If thoube gone unto the splendour of the clouds,\nEven from thence, 0 Food of meath, prepared for our enjoy-\nment, come,\nS Whatever morsel we consume from waters or fromplants of\nearth, 0 Soma, wax thou fat thereby.\nWhat, Soma, we enjoyfrom thee inmilky food orbarley-brew,\nV&t&pi, grow thou fat thereby.\n10 0 Vegetable, Cake of meal, bewholesome,firm, and strength-\nening\nV atapi, g: row thou fat thereby.\n11 0 Food, from thee as such have we drawn forth with lauds,\nlike cows, our sacrificial gifts,\nFrom thee who banquetest withGods,Hrom thee who banquet-\nest with us.\n1 Trita amysteriousancient deity frequentlymentionedin the Iligveda,\nprincipallyinconnexionwithIndra,Vftyu, andtheMaruts. His home is in\ntheremotest partof heaven, and he is called Aptya, the Watery, thatis,\nsprungfrom, or dwellingin the sea of cloud and vapour. By S&yapahe is\nidentifiedsometimeswithV&yu, sometimes withIpdra as thepervader of the\nthreeworlds,andsometimeswithAgnistationedinthe threefire-receptacles,\n2 The God addressedis the Soma.\n5 Dikecreaturesthathavemightyneclcs like'strong bullocks.\n6 Thespiritof great Gods : thou incitestIndra andthe Gods to perform\ngloriousandbenevolentacts.\n9 Vdtdpi thefermentingSoma. According to Sayana,thebody."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 248,
            "content": ": ; : :; :\nHYMNS OP Pooh t\nt\nHYMN CLXXXYIIL\nApris,\n8 Winner of thousands, kindle d* thou shinest a God with Gods\nto-day.\nBear our oblations, ehvov, Sage.\n62 Child of f'hyself the sacrifice is forthe righteous blent with\n!\nmeath,\nPresenting viands thousandfold*\nInvoked and worthy of ourpraise bring Gods -Whose due is\nsacrificei\nThou, Agnij givest countless gifts*\n4 To seat a thousand Heroes they eastward have strewn the\ngrass with might,\nWhereon, Adityas, ye shine forth*\nThe sovran all-imperial Doors, wide, good, many and manifold*\nHave poured their streams of holy oil.\n6 With gay adornmdnt fair to see, .in glonotis beauty shine\n3\nthey forth\n:\nLet Night and Morning rest them here*\n7 Let these two Sages first of all, heralds divine and eloquent*\nPerformfor us this sacrifice.\n8 You I address, Sarasvatq and Bh&rati* and I1A* all i\nUrge ye us on to glorious fame.\n9 Tvashtar the Lord hath made all forms and all the cattle of\nthe field\nj\nCause them to multiply for Us.\n10 Send to the Godsj Yanaspati, thyself, the Sacrificial draught *\nLet Agni make the oblations sweet.\n11 Agni, preceder of the Gods, is honoured with the sacred song i\nHe glows at offerings blest with Hail\n1\nTheAprisarethevariousforms of Agni, according to S&yapa, which are\ninvokedinthehymn*\n1 Thou Agni*\n2 Childof Thyself Agui. SeeL 13. 2*\n4 Adityas; seeI. 14. 3.\n5 Thesovrdndll-imperialPoors of thesacrificialhallthroughwhich Gods\nenter. Theyaretypesof theportalsof the Eastthrough whichlightcomes\nintotheworld. SeeWallis, Cosmologyof theRigveda,p. 19.\n7 ThesetwoSages heraldsorinvokers,because theycallthe Gods. SeeI.\n13. 8.\n8 SarasvatiandBhdrattandltd; seeI. 13. 9,\n10 Vanaspati see I. 13. 11.\n11 BlestwithHail! seeI. 13. 12."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 249,
            "content": "; : ;\nHYMN\n189.]\nTHERIGVEDA.\n253\n.\nHYMN CLXXXIX.\nAgni.\nBy goodly paths lead us to riches, Agni, thou God who know-\nest every sacred duty,\nBemove the sin that makes us stray and wander ; most ample\nadoration will we bring thee. m\n2 Leadus anewto happiness, 0 Agni lead usbeyondall danger\n;\nand affliction.\nBe unto us a wide broad ample castle bless, prosper on their -\n;\nway our sons and offspring.\n3 Far from us, Agni, put thou all diseases : let them strike\nlands that have no saving Agni.\nGod, make our home again to be a blessing, with all the Im-\nmortal Deities, 0 Holy.\n4 Preserve us, Agni, with perpetual succour, refulgent in the\ndwelling which thou lovest.\n0 Conqueror, most youthful, let no danger touch him who\npraises thee to-day or after.\n5 Give not usup a prey to sin, 0 Agni, the greedy enemy that\nbrings us trouble\nNot to the fanged that bites, not to the toothless give not\nus up, thou Conqueror, to the spoiler. :\n6 Such as thou art, horn after Law, 0 Agni, when lauded give\nprotection to our bodies,\nFrom whosoever would reproach or injure for thou, God,\n;\nrescuest from all oppression.\n7 Thou, well discerning both these classes, comest to men at\nearly morn, 0 holy Agni.\nBe thou obedient untoman atevening,to be adorned, as keen,\nby eager suitors.\n8 To him have we addressed our pious speeches, I, Mana’s son,\nto him victorious Agni.\n* May we gain countless riches with the sages. May we find\nstrengthening food in full abundance,\nThishymn, asLudwig observes, appearstohavebeencomposedatatimeof\npestilence.\nwh3 osT eh ia nt hah ba iv te an nto ss da ovi nn og tA wg on rsi h: ipor A, gnw ih .ichdo not maintain thesacredfire ;\no Thefanged venomous serpents. The toothless: wild animals thatdo\nnotbite, butinjurewiththeirhorns, etc.\n7 Boththeseclasses: worshippers andnon-worshippers.\nBethouobedient beausefulservantin thehouse.\nItiA gs vedk ae ,en ap: pa ek ar rsdh t, oa mp epl ai ned hat so tyA ,g vn ii olei nn t,al el agt eh re ,p ol ra kc ee es n.whe Lr ue dwi it gocc tu hr is nki sn tt hh ae\nt\nitmeanshereasacrificialpost,and Grassmann, a banner. Wilson, following\nf te h& eya rn ita e, ,p (a wr ha oph ir sa ds ie rs ec: te‘ db )e bc yom tp hl eia dn est ir( ew sit (oh fh ti hs ew pri is eh se ts s)) .’; likeaninstituteof"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 250,
            "content": "—\n: :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK l\nHYMN CXC,\nBrihaspati.\nGloriPy thou Brihaspati; the scatheless, who must he praised\nwith hymns, sweet-tongued and mighty,\nTo whom as leader of the song, resplendent, worthy of lauds,\n“both Ghds and mortals listen.\n2 On him wait songsaccording to the season, even as a stream\nof pious —men set moving. —\nBrihaspati forhe laid outthe expanses was, at the sacrifice,\nvast Matarisvan.\n3 The praise, the versethatoffers adoration, may he bring forth,\nasthe Sun sends his arms out,\nHe who gives daily light through this God’s wisdom, strong\nas a dread wild beast, and inoffensive.\n4 His song of praise pervades the earth and heaven let the\n:\nwise worshipper draw it, like a courser.\nThese of Brihaspati, like hunters’ arrows, go to the skies that\nchange their huelike serpents.\n4\n5 Those, God, who count thee as a worthless bullock, and,\nwealthy sinners, live on thee the Bounteous,\nOn fools like these no blessing thou bestowest : Brihaspati,\nthou punishest the spiteful.\n6 Likea fairpath is he, where grass is pleasant, though hard\nto win, a Friend beloved most dearly.\nThose who unharmed by enemies behold us, while theywould\nmake them bare, stood closely compassed.\n1 Brihaspati Lordof Prayer. BeeI. 14. 3.\n2 Forhelaidouttheexpanses: spreadoutandrevealedto-theeyes ofmen\nthebroadregionsof heavenandearth. Themeaningofthesecondhemistich\nisnotclear. Wilson paraphrases; £forthatBrihaspati is the manifester(of\nall),theexpansivewindthat(diffusing) blessingshas been producedfor(the\ndiffusion of)water/ Thereseemstobe nothingintheRigveda tojustifythe\nidentificationof Matarisvanwiththewind,andonlyinthe laterlanguagehas\nritcithesenseof water. SeeI. 31. 3.\n3 He; Brihaspati. He who gives daily light theregular appearanceof\ntheSun dependsupon Brihaspati’s wisdom.\nInoffensive; arakshdsah,accordingtoS&yana, {freefrom, theoppositionof\nB&kshasas/\n,\n4 TheseofBrihaspati; thesesacredsongs, comparedtoarrows.\nThatchangetheirhuelikeserpents: dhimdydn. See1. 3. 9.\nw ofa6 y (atT o rh ui h ls ei rs mt wa w hn h oz o )ai g rs o ee su tsn ri w an iet nle slll tai hg ni edb bl me aa dt ko esm ae ng. doo mdW ai o yfl fs e to r hin n og ssr e,en l sd i ik ne e lr e? ' ss’x m: enB-- w' ho/\" it ns. truc1 , t} i\nus,althoughyetenveloped(byigno; rance)standextricated from their cover-\ning’\n;\nandremarks\n:\n^itisnotclearhow those whoareenvelopedbyignorance\nshould becompetenttoteach: another explanation is, let those who revile\nus, anclarebeingprotected, bedeprivedof that protection/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 251,
            "content": "— —\n: :\nHYMN\n101.] trtiE\nmayed\na. 255\n7 He to whom softgs of praise go forth like- torrents, as rivers\neddying under banks flow sea-ward\nBpihaspati the wise, the eager, closely looks upon both, the\nwaters and the vessel.\n8 So hath Brihaspati, great, strong and mighty, the God exceed-\ning powerful, been brought hither.\nMay he thus lauded give us kine*and horses*. May we'-find\nStrengthening food in full abundance..\nHYMN CXCL\nWater. Grass..Sun..\nVEtfOMOtrs, slightly venomous, or venomous aquatic worm,\nBothcreatures, stinging, unobserved, withpoisonhaveinfected\nme.\n2 Coming, it killstheunobserved it killsthemasitgoes away,\n;\nIt kills them asit drives them off, and bruising bruises* them\nto death.\n3 Saragrass, Darblia, Kusara, and Sairya, Munja, Tirana,\nWhere all these creatures dwell unseen, with poison have in-\nfectedme.\n4 The cowshad settled in theirstalls, the beasts of prey had\nsought tlieir lairs.\nExtinguished were the lights of men, when things unseen in-\nfected me.\n5 Orthese, these reptiles, are observed, like lurking thieves at\nevening time,\nSeers ofall, themselves' unseen\n:\nbe therefore very vigilant.\n7 This stanzaalso is very obscure. Brihaspatiis said to lookupon the\nwatersandthevessel, thatis therivertobe crossed andtheboatwhichis to-\nbe used, meaningperhaps thesacrifice and allthat isused inperforming it..\nLudwigthinksthataplay upon the words is intended, ftpah meaning both\nwaterandareligiousceremony andtarahbothfer^-boatand prompt energy.\nThis so-calledhymn isaspellorcharmsaidtohavebeenrecitedbyAgastya\nwhenhesuspectedthathehad beenpoisoned. Itssilent repetitionis said to\nbe aneffectualantidote-against *allvenominreptiles, insects,scorpions,roots,\nandartificialpoisons/ I generallyfollow Sfiyana but hisexplanations are\nnotalwayssatisfactory,\nandseveralpassagesmustb;\neleftintheir originalobs-\ncurity.\n1 Theexactmeaningofthewordsinthefirstlineisuncertain.\nBothci'eatures; both classes,eitherthevenomousandtheslightlyvenomous,\norland-reptilesandwater-snakes.\n2 Coming, it kills the unobserved the herb, used as an antidote, coming\nto themanwhohasbeenbittenkills thevenomouscreatures whosecretlyat-\ntackedhim.\n3 Sara grass, etc these are different sortsof grassInwhich snakes and\nothervenomousreptiles lurk,."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 252,
            "content": "—\n: : ::\n256 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK L\n6 Heaven is your Sire, your Mother Earth, Soma yotir Brother,\nAditi\nYour Sister : seeing all, unseen, keep still and dwell ye hap-\nPi]J-\n7 Biters ofshoulder or of limb, with needle-stings, most veno-\nmous,\nUnseen, whatever ye may be, vanish together and be gone.\n8 Slayer of things unseen, the Sun, beheld of all, mounts, east-\nward, up,\nConsumingall that are not seen, and evil spirits of the night.\n9 There hath the Sun-God mounted up, who scorches much and\neverything,\nEven the Aditya from the hills, all-seen, destroying things un-\nseem\n10 1 hang the poison inthe Sun, a wine-skin in a vintner’shouse,\nHe will not die, nor shall we die : his path is far : he whom\nBay Horses bear hath turned thee to sweet meath.\n11 This little bird, sovery small,hath swallowedallthypoisonup.\nShe will not die, nor shall we die : his path is far : he whom\nBay Horses bear hath turned thee to sweet meath.\n12 The three-times-seven bright sparks of fire have swallowed up\nthe poison’s strength.\nThey will not die, nor shall we die: his path is far: he whom\nBay Horses hear hath turned thee to sweet meath.\n13 Of ninety rivers and of nine with power to stay the venom’s\ncourse,\nThe namesof allIhavesecured\n:\nhispathisfar: he whom Bay\nHorses bear bath turned thee to sweet meath.\n6 Heaven, orDyaus,isheresaidtohethefatherofthesnakes.\nSoma: theMoon.\n10/hang thepoisonintheSun *Ideposit thepoi —son inthesolarorb,like\naleatherbottleinthe house ofa venderof spirits.’ Wilson. See Wilson’s\nnoteinwhichhesaysthatbytheSunorasS&yanaparaphrasesit, theorb of\nthe Sun, iisprobablytobe understooda mysticaldiagram, orfigure wholly\norpartly typicalof the solar orb : the Sun being considered as especially\ninstrumentalincounteractingtheoperationof poison.’\nHewillnotdie theSunwillnotdiefromtheeffectsofthepoison thusap-\nplied,andwealsowhohavebeenbittenshallthroughhisfavourrecover.\n11 Thislittlebird: according to Sftyana, thebird whichwe callthe fran-\ncolinepartridge,saidtobea ‘removerofpoison.’\n12 Brightsparksofjire either,saysS&yana, thesevenflames offiremulti-\nplied,orthetwenty-onevarieties ofanotherkindofbirdunaffectedby eating\npoison. “ *\n13 Ofninetyrivers andof nine thenumbers areused indefinitelyfor all\ntheriversofthecountry."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 253,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 191.] TIIE RIGYEDA. 257\n14- So have the peahens three-times-scven, so have the maiden\nSisters Seven\nCarried thy venom far away, as girls bear water in their\n:\njars.\n15 The poison-insect is so small; I crush the creature with a\nstone.\nI turn the poison hence away, departed unto distant lands,\n16 Forth issuing from the mountain’s side the poison-insectspake\nand said *\n;\nThe scorpion’s venom hath no strength Scorpion, thy venom\n;\nis but weak,\n14 Thepeahensthree-times-seven peafowlsareregardedasthegreatenemies\nifsnakes. The number appears to he merelyfanciful and borrowed from\nverse 12.\nThe maidenSistersSeven: theseven chiefrivers oftheland,\n15 AsJcushumbhameans poison-bag, IcushurEbhakdK in thetextistaken by\nLudwigand Grassmannto mean venomous insect.\n,-mS al keya isna pre ox vp el ra bi in as l.ita Ws it lh se onnak pau rl aa\npf\nhn rc aiu sl esor\n:\n1m Mu ang yoo ts he ew ih no sis ge nifh io cs at ni tlit my unt go oot she\ne\ncarryoff thyvenom, (Poison): ifnot, I will crushthevile (creature)with a\nstone,’\n17"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 254,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 255,
            "content": ":\nBOOK THE SECOND.\nHYMN L * Agni.\nThou, Agni, stuninginthyglory throughthe days, artbrought\nto life from out the waters, from the stone :\nFrom out the forest trees and herbs that grow on ground,\nthou, Sovran Lord of men art generated pure.\n2 Thine is the Herald’s task and Cleanser’s duly timed; Leader\nart thou, and Kindler for the pious man.\nThou art Director, thou the ministering Priest thou art the\n:\nBrahman, Lord and Master in our home.\n3 Hero of Heroes, ”Agni ! thou art Indra, thou art Vishnu of\nthe Mighty Stride, adorable\n:\nThou, Brahmanaspati, the Brahman finding wealth: thou, O'\nSustained with thy wisdom tendest us.\n4 Agni, thou art King Varuna whose laws stand fast; as Mitra,\nWonder-Worker, thou must be implored.\nAryaman, heroes’ Lord, art thou, enriching all, and liberal\nAnsa in the synod, 0 thou God.\nThehymnsofthisBook, withthefewexceptionsthatwillbenoted, areas-\ncribedtothe Itishi Gritsamada. As BookI. is called the Book ofthe Satar-\nchins, thatis oftheseersofahundredorlargeindefinitenumberofllichasor\nverses, so thisBook is commonly called-the GdrtsamadaMandala or Book of\nGiitsamada.\n1 Through the days forthe daysofsacrifice, accordingto Sdyana.\nThewaters: fromthewaters ofthefirmament, aslightning.\nFromouttheforesttrees:in the frequently occurringconflagrations caused\nbythefrictionofdrybranches. Agniis alsosaidtohavehis homeinplants,\nperhaps originally on account of a phosphorescentlight whichsome plants\nemit.\n2 Agni concentrates inhimselfthevariousfunctionsof differentclassesof\nhumanpriests, themostimportantofwhicharementionedin theverse. The\nclassification ofthepriests andthe description of theirdutiesaregiven with\nvariationsbydifferent authorities. The Hotar orHerald invokesthe Gods\nthePotar, Purifier,or Cleanser,is theassistant ofthe Brahman or praying;\np wr ai re dst tw hh eo wir fe eme od fi te hs ean say crd ie ff ice ec rtin tht ehe Ar git nu ia dl h; t oh re KiN ne ds lh et rar lo ir ghL te sa td he erl sae ca rd is fif co ir a-\nl\nvfi ar re y; ut oh re mP ir na is sd ts et ra ir ngor prD ii er se tc it sor th; i es dt eh ae coa nss wis ht oant meo af sut rh ee sH to heta gr ro; ua nn d,d bt uh ie ldsAd th h- e\naltar, andmakesallthepreparationsnecessaryforthesacrifice. Thedutie&.of\nthepriests, however, variedatdifferent times andaccordingtothe nature of\ntheceremonywhichthey wereengagedto perform.\n3 VishnuoftheMightyStride: seeI. 32. 16.\n4 Ansa .* theDistributer ; oneoftheAdityas,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 256,
            "content": ":\nSCO THE HYMNS OF [BOOK II\n5 Thou givest strength, as Tvashtar, to the worshipper thou,\n:\nwielding Mitra’s power, hast kinship with the Dames.\nThou, urging thy fleet coursers, givest noble steeds a host\n:\nof heroes art thou with great store of wealth.\n6 Rudra art thou, the Asura of mighty heaven thou art the\n:\nManats’ host, thou art the Lord of food,\n9 Thou goest with red winds : bliss hast thou in thine home*\nAs Pushan thou thyself protectest worshippers.\n7 Giver of wealth art thou to him who honours thee thou art\n;\nGod Savitar, granter of pi-ecious things.\nAs Bhaga, Lord of men ! thourulest over wealth, and gtiard-\nest in his house him who hath served thee well.\nS To thee, the people’s Lord withinthehouse, the folk press for-\nward to their King most graciously inclined.\nLord of the lovely look, all things belong to thee ten, hun-\n:\ndred, yea, a thousand are outweighed by thee.\nAgni, men seek thee as a Father with their prayers, win thee,\nbright-formed, to brotherhood with holy act.\nThouart aSon tohim whoduly worshipsthee, andas atrusty\nFriend thou guardest from attack.\n10 A Ribhu art thou, Agni, near to be adored thou art the\n;\nSovranLord of foodful spoil and wealth.\nThoushinest brightly forth, thou burliest to bestow pervad-\n:\ning sacrifice, thou lendest us thine help.\n11 Thou, God, art Aditi to him who offers gifts : thou, Hotra\nBharati, art strengthened by the song.\nThou art the hundred-wintei'ed 118, to give strength, Lord of\nWealth Vritra-slayer and Sarasvati.\n!\n12 Thou, Agni, cherished well, art highest vital power; in thy\ndelightful hue areglories visible.\nThou artthe lofty might that furthers each design : thou art\nwealth manifold, diffused on every side.\n13 Thee, Agni, have the Adityas taken as their mouth; the\nBright Ones have made thee, 0 Sage, to be their tongue.\nThey who love offerings cling to thee at solemn rites: by thee\nthe Gods devour the duly offered food.\n14 By thee, 0 Agni, all the Immortal guileless Gods eat with thy\nmouth the oblation that is offered them.\n5 TheDames theConsortsofthe Gods,\n11 Hotrd, Bhdrati, Hi are personifications of parts of religious worship.\nTheepithet £hundred-wintered ' appears to refer to the naturalduration of\nhumanlife. Sarasvati: seel, 10."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 257,
            "content": "—\n;\n2TTMH2.] THE H1QVEDA. 261\nBy tb.ee do mortal men give sweetness to tbeir drink.\nBright art thou born, the embryo of theplants of earth.\n15 Withthese thou art united, Agni yea, thou, God of noble\n;\nbirth, surpassest them in majesty,\nWhich, through the power of good, here spreads abroad from\nthee, diffusedthrough boththe worlds, throughouttheearth\nand heaven.\n16 The princely worshippers who send to those who sing thy\npraise, 0 Agni, guerdon graced withkine and steeds,\nLead thou both these and us forward to higher bliss. With\nbrave men in the assembly may we speak aloud.\nHYMN\nIL Agni.\nWith sacrifice exalt Agni who knows all life; worship him\nwith oblation and the song of praise,\nWell kindled, no ly fed, heaven’s Lord, Celestial Priest, who\nlabours at the pule where deeds of might aredone.\n2 At night and morning, Agni, have they called to thee, like\nmilch-kine in then stalls lowing b> meet their young.\nAs messenger of heaven thou lightest all night long the fami-\nlies of men, thou Lord of precious moos.\n3 Him have the Gods established at the region’s base, doer of\nwondrous deeds, Herald of heaven and earth\nLike a most famous car, Agni the purelybright, like Mitra to\nbe glorified among the folk.\n4 Him have they set in his own dwelling, in the vault, like the\nMoon waxing, fulgent, in the realm of air.\nBird of the firmament, observant with his eyes, guard of the\nplace as ’twere, looking to Gp Is and men.\no May he as Priest encompass all the sacrifice men throng to\n:\nhim with offerings and with hymns of praise.\nPagingwithjawsof gold amongthegrowingplants,likeheaven\nwith all the stars, he quickens earth and sky.\n16 With bravemen,: attendedbybrave sons, whowill supportand strong-\nthen us,\n1 Wholaboursatthepole who takes thechiefpartinthe performanceof\nall-important,sacrifice. Ametaphorfrom oxen drawingacarorwain.\n2 Have they called: thepriests.\n3 Atthe region's base: atthe altar, accordingto S&yana.\n4 Thewordhvdr4,hererenderedfinthevault/isdifficult. Sdyana explains\nitas *solitary.’ Rothwouldalter thetext.\nGuardof theplace; of themostsacredplace, thealtar."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 258,
            "content": "— —\n: :: : ; -;\nm\nTHE HYMHS OF [EOOK IL\n6 Such as thouart, brilliantly kindled for our weal, a liberal\ngiver, send us riches in thyshine,\nFor our advantage, Agni, God, bring Heaven and Earthhither\nthat they may taste oblation brought by man.\n7 Agni, give usgreat wealth,giverichesthousandfold : uncloseto\nus, like doors, strength that shall bring renown.\nMakeHeavenandEarthpropitiousthroughthepowerofprayer,\nand like the sky's bright sheen let mornings beam on us.\n8 Enkindled night by night at every morning's dawn, may he\nshine forth with red Same like the realm of light,\nAgni adored in beauteous rites with lauds of men, fair guest\nof living man and King of all our folk.\n9 Song chantedby us men, 0 Agni, Ancien—t One, has swelled\nunto the deathless Gods in lofty heaven\nA milch-cow yielding to the singer in the rites wealth mani-\nfold, in hundreds, even as he wills.\n10 Agni, may weshow forth ourvalour with thesteed or withthe\npower of prayer beyond all other men\nAnd overthe FiveFaces letour gloryshine highlike therealm\nof light and unsurpassable.\n11 Such, Conqueror ! be to us, be worthy of our praise, thou for\nwhom princes nobly born exert themselves\nWhosesacrificethe strongseek, Agni, when itshines fornever-\nfailing offspring in thine own abode.\n12 Knowerofall thatlives, 0 Agni, maywe both, singers ofpraise\nand chiefs, be in thy keeping still.\nHelp us to wealth exceeding good andglorious, abundant, rich\nin children and their progeny.\n13 The princely worshippers who send to those who sing thy\npraise, 0 Agni, guerdon, graced with kine and steeds,\nLead thou both these and us forward to higher bliss. With\nbrave men in the assembly may we speak aloud.\nHYMN III. A P*1S.\nAgni is set upon the earth well kindled ; he standeth in the\npresence of all beings.\nWise, ancient, God, the Priest and Purifier, let Agni serve the\nGods for he is worthy.\n8 Mayhe Agni. !\n9 A milch-cow thehymnofpraise bringsriches tothe worshipper.\n10 Withthesteed: withthewar-carinbattleaswellaswithprayerinsacrifices.\nTheFiveRaces thefivegreatAryantribes. Bee I* 7. 9.\n11 Thestrong;thewealthyworshippers.\nNever-failingoffspring one ofthe chiefrewards ofthe worship ofAgni,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 259,
            "content": "— —\n: :: :\nitrtfy 3.] THE RIGVEDA. 263\n2 MayNarasansa lightingup the chambers, brightinhismajesty\nthrough threefold heaven,\nSteeping the giftwith oil-diffusing purpose, bedew the Gods at\nehiefest time ofworship.\n&3 Adored in heart, as is thy right, 0 Agni, serve tire Gods first\nto-day before the mortal.\nBring thou the Marut host. Ye men, do worship to Indra\nseated on the gi'ass, eternal.\n4 G Grass divine, increasing, rich in heroes, strewn for wealth7\nsake, well laid upon this altar,\nOn this bedewed with oil sit ye, 0 Yasus, sit all ye Gods, ye\nHoly, ye Adityas.\nWide be the Doors, the Goddesses, thrown open, easy to pass,\ninvoked, through adorations.\nLet themunfold, expansive, everlasting, thatsanctifythe class\nfamed, rich in heroes.\n6 Good work for us, the glorious Night andMorning, likejemale\nweavers, waxen,from aforetime,\nYielders of rich milk, interweave in concert the long-extended^\nthread, the web of ivorship.\n7 Let the two heavenly Heralds, first, most wise, most fair, pre-\nsent oblation duly with thesacred verse,\nWorshipping Gods, at ordered seasons decking them at three\nhigh places at the centre of the earth.\n8 Sarasvati who perfects our devotion, Ila divine, Bharati all-\nsurpassing,\n\"2 Nardsansa : 1thePraiseofMen,’ Agni. Thechambers: thereceptaclesof\nthe offerings, according to Sa/yana. At ehiefest time ofworship when the\noblation of clarified butteris cast into the fire.\n3 Beforethemortal beforethemortalpriest.\n4 0Grass divine:the sacredgrass,strewnonthefloorofthehallofsacrifice\nas aseat for the Gods, is one ofthe Apris or deifiedobjects whichare to be\npropitiated in thishymn. AlltheseareregardedasformsofAgni.\n5 The Boors : ofthehall ofsacrifice. Theseappear tohave beenregarded\nastypesof, and even fancifullyidentifiedwith, thedoorsofthecosmichouse,\nthe portals oftheEastthroughwhichthemorninglightentersinto theworld.\nSee Cosmology oftheRigreda, p. 19.\nTheclass; the maghavans, the eminent and wealthy men who institute\nsacrifices,\nYielders of richmilk: cheerfulgiversofrewards.\n7 Two heavenly Heralds invokers or priests. According to S&yana,the\npersonifiedfire ofearthandofthefirmament. See I. 13. 8.\nThe centreof theearth the altar. The three high places of the three\nfires."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 260,
            "content": ": :: : : :\n2G4 TED HYMNS OP tBOOK If,\n9\nThree Goddesses, withpowerinherent, seated, protectthisholy\nGrass, ourflawless refuge !\nBorn is the pious hero swift of hearing, like gold in hue, well\nformed, and full of vigour,\nMay Tv&shtarlengthen out our line and kindred, and may\nthey reach the place which Gods inhabit.\n10 Yanaspati shall stand anear and start us, and Agni with his\narts prepare oblation.\nLet the skilled heavenly Immolator forward unto the Godsthe\noffering thrice anointed.\n11 Oil has been mixt : oil is his habitation. In oil he rests : oil is\n* his proper province.\nCome as thy wont isr 0thou Steer, rejoice thee ; bear offthe\noblation duly consecrated.\nHYMN\nIV. Agni.\nFor you I call the glorious refulgent Agni, the guest of men,\nrich in oblations,\nWhom all must striveto win evenasalover, God among godly\npeople, Jatavedas.\n2 Bhrigus who served him in the home of waters set him of old\nin houses of the living.\nOver all worlds let Agni be the Sovran, the messenger of Gods\nwith rapid coursers.\n3 Among the tribes of menthe GodsplacedAgniasadearFriend\nwhen they would dwell among them.\n* Against the longing nightsmayheshinebrightly, andshow the\nofferer in the house his vigour.\n4 Sweet is his growth as of one’s own possessions his look\n;\nwhen rushing fain to burn is lovely.\nHe darts his tongue forth, like a harnessed courserwho shakes\nhis flowing tail, among the bushes.\n8 Three Goddesses presidingoverdifferentdepartments ofworship,\n9 Thepiousherq asondevotedtotheGods\n10 Vanaspati: thesacrificialpost,orAgniin thatform. See I, 13. 11.\nTheheavenlyImmolator Agni, typicallysocalled.\n11 Oil: theclarifiedbutteroblation. ThouSteer: mightyAgni,\nDulyconsecrated offeredwiththeholywordSvalid. SeeI. 13. 12.\nThishymnand the threethatfollowareascribed to the Rishi Som&huti\noftheancientpriestlyfamilyofBhrigu,oneofthefirstinstitutorsofsacrifice.\n1 Jdtavedas Agni, whoknowsalllife. SeeI. 44. 1.\n2 Whoservedhimin thehomeofwaters existing inthe form of lightning\ninthefirmamentbeforehewasbroughtdowntoearth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 261,
            "content": "; : ; : :\nZTTMN 8.] THB HTGfEDA* - 265\n—\n5 Sincetheywhohonourmehavepraisedmy greatness, hegave,\nas Twere, his hue to those Who love him.\nKnown is he by his bright delightful splendour, and waxing\nold renews his youth for ever.\n6 Like one athirst, he lighteth up the forests likenvater down\n;\nthe chariot ways he roareth.\nOn his black path he shines in burning beauty, marked as it\nwere the heaven that smiles through vapour.\n7 Around, consuming the broad eart—h, he wanders, free roaming\nlike an ox without a herdsman,\nAgni refulgent, burning up the bushes, with blackened lines,\nas though the earth he seasoned.\n8 I, in remembranceofthineancientfavour, havesung myhymn\nin this our third assembly.\n0 Agni, give us wealth with store of heroes and mighty\nstrength in food and noble offspring.\n9 May the Gritsamadas, servmg insecret, throughthee, 0 Agni\novercome their neighbours,\nKic gih vein tg ho oo u1 th oe cr ho 1ie es fsa _n ad nd.s su ib nd gu eri sn .g foemen. That vital .power\nHYMN\nV. Agni.\nHeraun and teacher was he born, a guardian for our patrons\nhelp,\nEarner by rites of noble wealth. That Strong One may we\ngrasp and guide\n2 In whom, Leader of sacrifice, the seven reins, far extended,\nmeet\nWho furthers, man-like, eighth in place, as Cleanser, all the\nwork divine.\n5 Sincetheywhohonourone Agniappears tobethespeakeroftheseword.*.\n7 Asthough theearthhe seasoned as though, by burning the weeds and\nbushes,hedressedandpreparedthegroundfortillage.\n8 Thirdassembly: atthethird of thethreedailysacrifices.\n9 Serving in secret by the peaceful discharge ofpriestly duties, not by\nwarfarelikethechiefswhoinstitute the sacrifice.\n1 Ourpatrons: thewealthyinstitutorsofthesacrifice. ThatStrong One:\nAgni.\n2 Leader; Netar, oneofthe sixteenpriests.\nThesevenreins: theseven priestsengagedintheirseveralduties.\nCleanser: Potar, oneofthesixteenpriests. See II. I. 2,\no The first hemistich, as it stands,is unintelligibleto me. Wilson, after\nS&yaua, paraphrases : Whatever (offerings the priest) presents, whatever\nprayersherecites.’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 262,
            "content": "; : : : :\n266 WEE HYMNS OF IBOOK II.\n3 When swiftlie follows,this behest, bird-like hechants the holy\nprayers.\nHe holds all knowledge in his grasp even as the felly rounds\nthe wheel.\n4 Together with pure mental power, pure, as Director, was he\nborn.\nSkilled in his own unchanging laws he waxes like the growing\nboughs.\n•5 Clothing them in his hues, the ldae ofhim the Leader waiton\nhim.\nIs he not betterthan the Three, the Sisters who have come to\nus?\n<6 When, ladenwiththeholyoil, theSisterby theMotherstands,\nThe Priest delights in their approach, as cornatcoming of the\nrain.\n7 For hissupportlethimperformasministranthispriestly task\n;\nYea, song of praise and sacrifice we have bestowed, let us\n:\nobtain.\n8 That so this man, well skilled, may pay worship to all the\nHoly Ones,\nAnd, Agni, this our sacrifice whichwe have here prepared, to\nthee.\nHYMN\nVI. Agni.\nAgni, accept this flaming brand, this waiting with xhy prayer\non thee\nHear graciously these songs of praise.\n2 Withthis hymn let us honourthee, seeker of horses, Son of\nStrength,\nWith this fair hymn, thou nobly born.\n4 Director .* Pras&atar,oneofthepriests. SeeII, 1.2.\n5 Thestanzaisobscure. LudwigthinksthatAgniisherecalledtheLeader\nbecauseheleadsthesisterDawnstothesacrifice,andthattheyare said to be\nthreeinnumbertocorrespondwiththenumberof thecows.\n6 TheSister: Ushas orDawn. TheMother: the northernaltar,represent-\ningEarth.\n7 Lethim Agnias priest.\n8 Thisman theworshipper.\nThiswaitingwithmyprayeronthee this ‘beseeching andbesieging' as\nMiltonsays. Orupasddamtakenina specialsense maymeanthe ceremony\ncalled IJpasadwhichformedpartoftheJyotishtoma, avery important Soma\nceremony.\n2 Seekerofhorses inorderto bestow themon theworshipper."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 263,
            "content": "; ! : :: !\nHYMN 7.1 TBS SlQVSBA. 267\n3 As such, lover of song, with songs, wealth-lover, giver of our\nwealth\nWith reverence let us worship thee.\n4 Be thou for us a liberal Prince, giver and Lord of precious\nthings. 0\nDrive those who hate us far away.\n5 Such as thou art, give rain from heaven, give strength which\nno man may resist\nGive food exceeding plentiful.\n6 To him who lauds thee, craving help, most youthful envoy\nthrough our song,\nMost holy Herald come thou nigh.\n!\n7 Between both races, Agui, Sage, well skilled thou passest to\nand fro,\nAs envoy friendly to mankind.\n8 Befriend us thou as knowing all. Sage, duly worship thou\nthe Gods,\nAnd seat thee on this sacred grass.\nHYMN\nVII. Agni.\n0 Yasu, thou most youthful God, Bharata, Agni, bring us\nwealth,\nExcellent, splendid, much-desired.\n2 Let no malignity prevail against us, either God’s or man’s\n:\nSave us from this and enmity.\n3 So through thy favour may vve force through all our enemies\naway,\nAs.Twere through streaming,water-floods.\n4 Thou, Purifier Agni, high shinest forth, bright, adorable,\nWhen worshipped with the sacred oil.\n5 Ours art thou, Agni, BMrata, honoured by us with barren\ncows,\nWith bullocks and with kine incalf\n6 Wood-fed, bedewed with s Wacred oil, ancient, Invoker, excellent,\nThe Son of Strength, the onderful.\n7 Bothraces: Godsandmen. Wellshilled acquaintedwithboth.\n1 Vasit one ofthe classof Gods sonamed. BMrata : Agni is so called\naccordingto SAyana,eitherashavingbeenproducedbyattritionbythepriests,\noras beingthe bearer ofoblatWions. Themeaningis, probably, specially con-\nnectedwiththeBharatasor amors.’\n5 Withkineincalf; ashtdpadibhih isthusexplainedbyS&yana,andisused\ninthelanguage ofthe ritualforanimals with young. Both and Grassmann\nunderstand *verses’ consistingofeightfeet, divisions, orsyllables. According\ntoBergaigne,these cowsrepresent prayers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 264,
            "content": ": ; : : ; :\nfns HYMNS OP [POOK //.\nHYMN VIII. Agni.\nNow praise, as one who strives for strength, the harnessing of\nAgni’s car,\nThe liberal, the most splendid One\n2 Who, guiding worshippers aright, withers, untouched by age,\n6 Wht eh ne f wo oe r: shipped fair to look upon 5\n3 Who for his glory is extolled at eye andmorninginourhomes,\nWhose statute is inviolate ;\n4 Who shines refulgentlike the Sun, with brilliance and with\nfiery flame,\nPecked with imperishable sheen.\n5 Him Atri, Agni, have our songs strengthened according to his\nsway\nAll glories hath he made his own.\nMay we with Agnfs, Indra’s help, with Soma’s, yea, of all the\nGods,\ntTninjured dwell together still, and conquer those who fight\nwith us.\nHYMN\nIX. Agin.\n.\nAccustomed to the Herald’s place, the Herald hath seated\nhim, bright, splendid, passing mighty,\nWhose foresight keeps the Law from violation, excellent,\npure-tongued, bringing thousands, Agui.\n:2 Envoy art thou, protector from.the foeman\n;\nstrong God, thou\nleadest us to higher blessings.\nKefulgent, be an ever-heedful keeper, Agni, for us and for\nour seed and offspring.\n3 May we adore thee in thy loftiest birth-place, and, with our\npraises, in thy lower station.\nThe place whence thou hast issued forth I worship : to thee\nwell kindled have theypaid oblations.\n5 HimAtri: Agniappearsheretobecalled by the name of the ancient\nsage Atri. Or dtvim may beanepithet of Agni, signifyingthedevourer of\nthefoodwithwhichheissupplied,as S&yanaexplainsit.\nI Tie Herald: or Hotar Agni, the Invoker of the Gods. The name\ncomes, with more emphasis,a; t the end of the verse. TheLaw especially\nsacrifice.\n3 Inthyloftiestbirth-place asthefireof the Sun in heaven. Thy lower\nstation thefirmament,whereAgni is bornas lightning. The place whence\nthouhastissuedforth thealtarwherethesacrificialfireburns."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 265,
            "content": ": : ; :;\nHYMN 10.] the may eda. 269\nA Agni, best Priest, pay worship with oblation quickly com-\n;\nmend the gift to be presented\nFor thou art Lord of gathered wealth and treasure of the\n:\nbright song of praise thou art inventor.\n5 The twofold opulence, 0 Wonder-Worker, of th&e new-born\neach day never decreases.\nEnrich with food the man who lauds thee, Agni make him\n:\nthe lord of wealth with noble offspring.\n6 May he, benevolent with this fair aspect, best sacrificer, bring\nthe Gods to bless us.\nSure guardian, our protector from the foeman, shine, Agni,\nwith thine affluence and splendour.\nHYMN\nX. Agni.\nAgni, first, loudly calling, like a Father, kindled by man upon\nthe seat of worship,\nClothed in his glory, deathless, keen of insight, must bo\nadorned by all, the Strong, the Famous.\n2 May Agni the resplendent hear my calling, through all my\nsongs, Immortal, keen of iusight.\nDark steeds or ruddy draw his car, or carried in sundry ways\nhe makes them red of colour.\n3 On wood supine they got the well-formed Infant : a germ in\nvarious-fashioned plants was Agni\nAnd in the night, not compassed roundby darkness, be dwells\nexceeding wise, with rays of splendour.\n4 With oil and sacred gifts I sprinkleAgni whomakes his home\nin front of all things living,\nBroad, vast, through vital power o'er all expanded, conspicu-\nous, strong with all the food that feed's him.\n5 I pour to him who looks in all directions ; may he accept it\nwith a friendly spirit.\nAgni with bridegroom's grace and lovely colour may not be\ntouched when all his form is fury.\n5 The twofold opulence enrichingGodswith sacrifice andmenwithearthly\nblessings.\nNew-borneach day rekindled at themorningsacrifice.\nyok1 edFi brs yt a; ll,ch ai ce cf orof dit nh ge tG oo Sd &s y. anaL .oud Ll iy keca all Fi ang therro ;ar si un pg poa rs tif nir ge, to hr e, l Go odb se i bn y*\nconveyingoblations to them.\n2 Carriedinsundryways: toone fire-receptacleafter another.\n3 Onwood supine : thelowerpieceof wood inwhichfireisproduced.\nA germ : latentinplants, withreference to the luminosityof some plant*.\nSecII. I. 1."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 266,
            "content": "—\n: ;: : : ; ;\n270 THE MYMJtfS OF [BOOK It\n6 By choice victorious, recognize thy portion : with thee for\nenvoy may we speak like Manu.\nObtaining wealth, I call on perfectAgni whowith aneloquent\ntongue dispenses sweetness,\nHYMN XL\nIndra.\nHijab thou my call, 0 Indra ; be not heedless : thine may wTe\nbe for thee to give us treasures\n;\nFor these presented viands, seeking riches, increase thy\nstrength like streams of waterflowing.\n2 Floods great and many, compassed bytheDragon, thoubadest\nswell and settest free, 0 Hero,\nStrengthened by songs of praise thou rentest piecemeal the\nD&sa, him who deemed himself immortal.\n3 For, Hero, in the lauds wherein thou joyedst, in hymns of\npraise, 0 Indra, songs of Rudras,\nThese streams in which is thy delight approach thee, even as\nthe brilliant ones draw nearto Vayit.\n4 We who add strength to thine own splendid vigour, laying\nwithin thine arms the splendid thunder\nWith us mayst thou, 0 Indra, waxen splendid, with Surya\novercome the Dksa races.\n5 Hero, thou slewest in thy Valour Ahi concealed in depths,\nmysterious, great enchanter,\nDwelling enveloped deep within the waters, him who checked\nheaven and stayedthe floods fromflowing.\n6 Indra, we laud thy great deeds wrought aforetime, we laud\nthineexploits later of achievement\nWe laud the bolt that in thine arms lies eager; we laud“ thy\ntwo Bay Steeds, heralds of Sflrya.\n6 Bychoice accordingtoS&yaiia, ‘with lustre/ Recognize thy portion:\nacknowledge thesacrificialofferingtobesuitable.\nLikeManu ; withthewisdomandauthorityof Manu whowas instructed\ndirectlybytheGods,\n2 CompassedlytheDragon obstructedbythegreatserpentAhi.\nTheDdsa the savageordemonAhi, SeeI. 32. 11.\n3 SongsofRudras like those sung bythe Rudras or Maruts, Indra's\nallies.\nThesestreams sacrificialwatersorlibations. Vdyti, theGodof wind, was\nentitledtothefirstdraughtof theSomajuice. Seeverse 14 of thishymn.\n4 Splendid .*thewordsubhm ,splendid, occursinallthreeplacesinthetext.\n5 Concealedindepths of theatmosphere.\n6 HeraldofSdrya : announcingthecomingofthesunlightaftertheheavy\nrainwhichIndrahassent."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 267,
            "content": ": :\nBYMtt IT.] THE MormA, 271\n7 Indra, thy BaySteeds showing forth their rigour have sent a\nloud cry out that droppeth fatness.\nThe earth hath spread herself in all her fulness the cloud\n:\nthat was about to move hath rested.*\n8 Down, neverceasing, hath the rain-cloud settledr bellowing',\nit hath wandered with the Mothers.\nSwelling the roar in the far distant limits, they have spread\nwide the blast sent forth by Indra,\n.\n9 Indrahathhurleddownthe magician Vritrawho-laybeleaguer-\ning the mighty river.\nThen both the heaven and earth trembled in terror at the\nstrong Hero’s thunder when hebellowed,\n10 Loud roared the mighty Hero’s bolt of thunder,, when he, the\nFriend of man, burnt up the monster,\nAnd, havingdrunk his fillof flowing.Soma,baffled the guileful\nD&nava’s devices.\n11 Drink thou r 0 Hero Indra, drink the Soma ; let the joy-giving\njuices make thee joyful.\nThey, filling both thy flanks, shall swell thy vigour. The\njuice that satisfies hath holpen Indra,\n12 Singers have we become with thee,. 0 Indra may we serve\n:\nduly and prepare devotion.\nSeeking thy help we meditate thy praises may we at once\n:\nenjoy thy gift of riches,\n13 May we be thine, such by thy help, 0 Indra, as swell thy\nvigour while they seek thy favour.\nGive us, thou God, the riches that welong for, most powerful,,\nwith store of noble children.\n14 Give us a friend, giveusanhabitation Indra, giveusthecom-\n;\npany of Maruts,\nAnd those whose minds accord with theirs, the Yayus,, who\ndrink the first libation of the Soma,\n15 Let those enjoy in whom thou art delighted. Indra, drink\nSoma for thy strength and gladness.\nThou hast exalted us toheaven, Preserve!-, inbattles, through\nthe lofty hymns that praise thee.\n7 Theloudcrythatdropsfatness is thethunderthatprecedesthe fertiliz-\ningrain. The earthhathspreadherself: toreceivetherain,\n8 TheMothers: theoriginalwatersabovethefirmament.\nThey\n:\nIndra’sattendants,theMarutsorStorin-Gods.\n9 Themightyriver; thegreatcloudthatholdstherain,\n10 TheguilefulTdnava’sdevices: themagicarts of the demonVritra,\n14 The Vdyus the pluralisusedhonorifically forthesingular."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 268,
            "content": ": :\n272 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IT.\n16 Great, verily, are they, 0 thou Protector, who by their songs\nofpraise have won thy blessing.\nTheywho strew sacred grass tobethydwelling,hoZpeubythee\nhave got them strength, 0 Indra,\n17 Upon the great Trikadruka days, Hero, rejoicingthee, O Indra,\ndrink the Soma.\nCome with Bay Steeds to drink of our libation, shaking the\ndrops from out thy beard, contented,\n18 Hero, assume the might, wherewith thou olavest Vritra piece-\nmeal, the D&nava Aurnavabha.\nThou hast disclosed the light to light the Arya: on thy left\nhand, 0 Indra, sank the Dasyu.\n19 May we gain wealth, subduing with thy succour and with\nthe Arya, all our foes, the Dasyus.\nOur gain was that to Trita of our party thou gavest up\nTvashtar?s son Yisvarupa.\n20 Hecast down Arbuda whattime his vigour was strengthened\nby libations poured by Trita.\nIndra sent forth his whirlingwheel like Surya, and aided by\nthe Angirases rentVala.\n21 Now let that wealthy Cow of thine, 0 Indra, yield in return a\nboon to him who lauds thee.\nGive to thy praisers ; let not fortune fail us. Loud may wo\nspeak, with brave men, in the assembly.\nHYMN\nXII. Indra,\nHe who, justborn, chiefGodofloftyspiritbypowerandmight\nbecame the Gods' protector,\nBefore whose breath through greatness of his valour the two\nworlds trembled, He, 0 men, is Indra,\n17 Trikadrukadays ; thefirstthreedaysoftheAbhiplavafestival.\n18 Aurnavdbha sonofUrnav&bha, a (lemon. The Dasyu : the barbarian,\ntheoriginalinhabitantoftheland. AccordingtoS&yauathedemonVritra\nis\nmeant.\nby19 SI &t yais nadif tf oicu blt et aom Ma ake ha mn Uyth oi rng gri en at tell Ii lg wi bb il ,e ao nf dt Yhi is svs at ra un pza a. issT ar ii dta tois bs eaid\na\ntliree-headedmonsterslainbyIndra. See SacredBooksoftheEast,XII. 164.\n20 Atbuda: ademonoftheatmosphere. SeeI. 51 6.\nSentforthhhwhirling wheel; Indraissaid to have used a wheel of the\nBun'schariotasamissile.\nVala thebrotherofVritraorVritrahimself. SeeI. 11. 5.\n21 Thatwealthy Cowofthine;meaning,probably,UshasorDawn,whobrings\ngood gifts to man. Qvsuddkshind may/idnlmaybetranslated fthatliberal ,M,\nmeed ofthine, thatistherichreward whichIndrabestowsuponhiaworship-\nj\npers, regardedas thecounterpartofthedalcshindor honorariumgivenbythe\ninstitutesofsacrificestothepriestswhoperformthe ceremonies."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 269,
            "content": ": : : :; ;\nHYMN THE MOVED\n12.] A. 27$\n2 He who fixed fast and firm the earth that staggered, and set\nat rest the agitated mountains,\nWho measured out the air’s wide middle region and gave the *\nheaven support, He, men, is Indra.\n3 Who slew the Dragon, freed the Seven Rivers, anS drove the\nkine forth from the cave of Yala,\nBegat thefirebetweentwostones,thespoilerinwarriors’ battle,\nHe, 0 men, is Indra.\n4 By whom this universe was made to tremble, wh —o chased away\nthe humbled brood of demons,\nWho, like ajrambler gathering his winnings,—seized the *foe—’s\nriches, He, 0\"men” lSTMraT —\n<5 Of ivE'om, the Terrible, they ask, Where is He ? or verily they\nsay of him, He is not.\nHe sweeps away, like birds, the foe’s possessions. Have faith\nin him, for Ho, 0 men, is Indra.\n6 Stirrer to action of the poor and lowly, of priest, of suppliant\nwho sings his praises\n;\nWho, fair-faced, favours him who presses Soma with stones\n•made ready, He, O men, is Indra.\n107 He under whose supreme control are horses, all chariots, and %\nthe villages, and cattle\nHe who gave bemg\"to*’th; e Sun and Morning, who leads the\nwaters, He, O men, is Indra.\n8 To whom two armies cry in close encounter, bothenemies, the\nstronger and the weaker\nWhom two invokeupon one chariot mounted, each for himself,\nHe, O ye men, is Indra.\n9 Withoutwhosehelp ourpeopleneverconquer whom, battling,\n;\nthey invoke to give them succour\nHe of whom all this world is but the copy, who shakes things\nmoveless, He, 0 men, is Indra.\nHe who hath smitten, ere they knew their danger, with his\nhurled weapon many grievous sinners\nWho pardons not his boldness who prov; okes him, who slays\nthe Dasyu, He, 0 men, is Indra.\n3 Begatthefivebetweentwostones generatedlightningbetweenheavenand\nearth.\n5 Likebirds as birdsarecapturedby thefowler. Aceordingto others (like\nstakesofgamblers,’ themeaningof vijafybeinguncertain. BeeX. 92. 10, note.\n7 Who leads thewaters brings theperiodicalrains.\n8 Whom two invoke thewarrior and thecharioteer.\n18"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 270,
            "content": ":: : ; ; ;\n274 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 1L\n11 Hewho discoveredinthefortiethautumnSambara ashedwelt\namong the mountains\nWho slewthe Dragonputtingforthhisvigour, thedemonlying\nthere, He, men, is Indra.\n12 Who with seven guiding reins, the Bull, the Mighty, set free\nthe Seven great Floodsto how atploasuro\nWho, thunder-armed, rent Eauhina in pieces when scaling\nheaven, He, 0 ye men, is Indra.\n13 Even the Heaven and Earth bow down before him, before his\nvery breath the mountains tremble.\nKnown as the Soma-drinker, armed with thunder, who wields\nthe bolt, He, 0 ye men, is.Indra.\n14 Who aids with favour him who pom's the Soma and him who\nbrews it, sacrificer, singer.\nWhom prayer exalts, and pouring forth of Soma, and this our\ngift, He, 0 ye men, is Indra.\n15 Thou verily art fierce and true who sendest strength to the\nman whobrews and pourslibation.\nSomay weevermore, thyfriends, 0 Indra, speak loudlyto the\nsynod with our heroes. 1\nHYMN\nXIII. Indra.\nThe Season wastheparent, andwhenborntherefromItentered\nrapidly the floods wherein it grows.\nThence was it full of sap, streaming with milky juice: the\nmilk ofthe plant's stalk is chief and meet for lauds.\n2 They come trooping together bearing milk to him, and bring\nhim sustenance who gives support to all.\nThe way is common for the downward streamsto flow. Thou\nwho didst these things first art worthy of our lauds.\n12 Sevenguidingreins or, accordingtoLudwig,sevenbrightrays, saidto\nmeansevenformsofIndra. Rauhina\n:\nthenameofademonofdrought,\n15 Withourheroes: withourbravesons aroundus.\n1 TheSeason theRains,themostimportantof theseasons. Somonsoon,\na Soc mo ar -r pu lp at ni to .n of mamim, any season, means the Rains especially. It.* the\n2 They come probablythecowswhose milkistobeusedinsacrifice.\nThe wayis common referringto the water used in the Soma ceremony.\n•S af gt gy ra en ga ate ex dpl (a si tn rs eat mh se )s eta on mz ea , bdi ef af re ir ne gnt ely v, era yn wd heW ri els to hn ewp aa tr ea rp ,hr aa ns des ci ot nvt ehu ys in: g‘ iT th ae\ns\nsustenancefortheasylumofall rivers,(theocean)\n:\nthesamepathisassigned\ntoallthedescending(currents) tofollow\n;\nand ashewhohas (assigned)them\n(theircourse), thou,(Indra),artespecially tobepraised."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 271,
            "content": "—\n: ; : ;\nHYMN 13.] THE RIGVEDA. 275\n3 One priest announces what the instroutor gives one, altering\n:\nthe forms, zealously plies his task.\nThethird corrects the imperfections left by each. Thou who\ndidst these things first art worthy of our lauds.\n4 Dealing out food unto their people there they sit/like wealth\nto him who comes, more than the back can bear.\nGreedily with his teeth he eats the master's food. Thou who\ndidst these things first art worthy of our lauds.\n5 Thou hast created earth to look upon the sky thou, slaying\n:\nAhi, settest free the rivers' paths.\nThee, such, a God, the Gods have quickened with their lauds,\neven as a steed with waters meet for praise art thou.\n:\n6 Thou givest increase, thoudealesttousourfood thoumilkest\n:\nfrom the moist the dry, the rich in sweets.\nThou by the worshipper layest thy precious store : thou art sole\nLord of all. Meet for our praise art thou.\n7 Thou who hast spread abroad the streams by stablished law,\nand in the field the plants that blossom and bear seed\nThou who hast made the matchless lightnings of the sky,\nvast, compassing vast realms, meet for our praise art thou.\n8 Who broughtest Naramra with all hiswealth, forsake of food,\nto slay him that the fiends mightbe destroyed,\nBroughtest the face unclouded of the strengthening one, per-\nforming much even now, worthy aft thou of praise.\n9 Thou boundest up the Dasa’s hundred friends and ten, when,\nat one's hearing, thou holpest thy worshipper.\n8 Accordingto Sayana. three priests are here indicated, the Hotar who\nannouncesthesacrifice,theAdlivaryuwhoapportionstheseveralpieces ofthe\nvictim,andtheBrahmanwhocorrectsmistakesandremediesdefectsintheritual.\nThefirstfour stanzas are full of difficultiesandin places absolutely unin-\ntelligible. Myversion of stanza 3, which generallyfollows S&yana, will not\nbearcriticalexamination,but atpresentI havenothingbettertopropose.\n4 There theysit: according to Siyaua, *the householders abide in their\nhomes/ Tohimwhocomes toaguest. He eats themaster'sfood probably,\nAgniconsumesthe oblations ofthe householder.\n6 Thou milkestfrom the moist producest the dry nutritious grain from\nthemoiststalk.\nN\n8 Thisstanzaisunintelligible. drmara : said tobeafiendslainbyIndra.\nThestrengtheningone: accordingtoSayana,l)rjayantiisthenameofafemale\ndemonorPisacbl GrassmanntakesittomeantheSun. Ludwigthinks it ia\nthenameofastronghold used asastore-houseofprovisions.\n9 Themeaning ofthe firsthalf-verseis uncertain,thetext being evidently\ncorrupt. IadoptLudwig’semendation,d$i>asya inplaeeoftheunintelligible\nvdyasya. }"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 272,
            "content": "—\n; : : :\n276 THE HYMNS OF ' [BOOK II.\nThou for Dabhiti boundest Dasyus not with cords; thou wast\na mighty help. Worthy of lauds artthou.\n10 All banks of rivers yielded to his manly might to him they\n;\ngave, to him, the Strong, gave up their wealth.\nThesixdirectionshastthoufixed, afivefoldview\n:\nthy victories\nreached afar. Worthy of lauds art thou.\n11 Meet for high praise, 0 Hero, is thy power, that with thy\nsingle wisdom thou obtainest wealth,\n>'The life-support of conquering Jatushthira. Indra, for all\n* thy deeds, worthy of lauds art thou.\n12 Thou for Turvlti heldest still the flowing floods, the river-\nstream for Vayya easily to pass,\nDidst raise theoutcast fromthe depths, andgavestfame unto\nthe halt and blind. Worthy of lauds art thou.\n13 Prepare thyself to grant us that great bounty, 0 Yasu, for\nabundant is thy treasure.\nSnatch up the wonderful, 0 Indra, daily. Loud may we\nx/ speak, withheroes, in assembly.\nHYMN\nXIY. Indra.\nMinisters, bring the Soma juice for Indra, pour forth the\ngladdening liquor with the beakers.\nTo drink of this the Hero longeth ever; offer it to the Bull,\nfor this he willeth.\n2 Ye ministers, to him who with the lightning smote, like a\ntree, the rain-withholding Vritra\nBring it to him, him who is fain to taste it, a draught of\nthis which Indra here deserveth.\nJOabMti aRishi,namedin I. 112. 23. Notwithcords inaprisonwithout\ncords,thegrave.\n30 Allbanksofrivers:thedamsthatpreventedtheriversofthecloudsfrom\nflowing. Thesixdirections.* above, below, before, behind, right, left. The\nfivefoldview: inasmuch aswecannotseewhatisbelow the ground. S&yana\nexplainstheshadvishtlrahasheaven,earth,day,night, water,andplants,and\nthepdfichasandrisah asthefiveracesofmen. «\n11 Jdtdshthira a certainman of that name, says S&yana perhaps the\n;\ninstitute ofthesacrifice.\n12 Turvlti and Vayyaappearto havebeenenabledtofordagreatrirerby\ntheaid ofIndra. SeeI. 61 11. TurvltiwasthesouofVayya. SeeI. 54. 6.\nThe outcast or Par&vrij as a proper name. See I. 112. 8, where the\nmiracleis ascribedtotheAsvins.\n13 Snatchup thewonderful; that is, gain quickly wondrous wealth. This\nappears tohe theliteral meaningof thewords which Wilson paraphrases,\nafterS&yana\n:\n*mayestthoubedisposedtograntusexceedingabundance.*\n1 Ministers; Adhvaryus,orpriests, whose duty wastomakethe prepara*\ntionsforsacrifice,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 273,
            "content": "—\n: : ; ;; ; :\nfl¥MN 14.] ‘ TEE niGVBDA, 277\n,3 Ye ministers* to him who smote Dfibhika, who drove the kine\nforth, and discovered Yala,\n- Offer this draught, like Y&ta in the region : clothe him with\nSoma even as steeds with trappings.\n4 Him who did Urapa to death* Adhvaryus though showing\n!\narms ninety-and-nine in number —\nWho cast dowm headlong Ai'buda and slew him, speed ye\nthat Indra to our offered Soma.\n5 Ye ministers, to him who struck down Svasna, and did to\nto death Vyansa and greedy Sushna, —\nAnd Rudhikras and Namuchi and Pipru, to him, to Indra,\npourye forth libation.\n6 Ye ministers, to him who, as with thunder, demolished\nSambara's hundred ancient castles —\nWho cast down Yarchin's sons, a hundredthousand, to him,\nto Indra, offer ye the Soma.\n7 Ye ministers, to him who slew a hundred thousand, and cast\n10 them down upon earth's bosom\nWho quelledthevaliantmen of Atithigva, Kutsa, and Ayu,\nbring to him the Soma.\n8 Ministers, men, whateverthingye long for obtain ye quickly\nbringing gifts to Indra.\nBring to the Glorious One what hands have cleansM to\n;\nIndra bring, ye pious ones, the Soma.\n9 Do ye, 0 ministers, obey his order that, purified in wood, in\n:\nwood uplift ye.\nWell pleased he longs for what your hands have tended : offer\nthe gladdening Soma juice to Indra.\nAs the cow's udder teems with milk, Adhvaryus, so fill with\nSoma Indra, liberal giver,\nI know him : I am sure of this, the Holy knows thatI fain\nwould give to him more largely.\n3 DribMka :oneofthenumerousdemonsslain by Indra.\nLike Vdtain theregion: bringingrain, astheWind-God does.\nAs steeds with trappings: the meaning of jtih is uncertain. Sfcyana ex-\nplains it, *asanold man (is covered) with gai'inents.’\n4 Urana anotherdemon. Arbuda: a demon mentionedinI. 51. 6.\n5 Svasna, Vyansa, and therest, are demons, some of whom have been\npreviously mentioned.\n6 Sambara afiendmentionedseveraltimesin BookI, Varchin ademon\nwhoreviledIndra, and wasslain withall hissons and followers.\n7 The ‘valiantmen : vivctn heroes. S&yana supplies fassailants,* as Ati-\nthigva, Kutsa, and Ayu appearinBookI. as‘favouredbyIndra. Heretheir\nbattlewithTurvay&na(1. 58. 10)isreferredto,\n9 Inwood; in thewoodenreceptacle,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 274,
            "content": ": : : :\n278 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK II.\n11 Him, ministers, the Lord of heavenly treasure and all terrest-\nrial wealth that earth possesses,\nHim, Indra, fill with Soma as a garner is filled with harley\nfull be this your labour.\n:\n12 Prepare uhyself to grant us that great booty, 0 Yasu, for\nabundant is thy treasure.\nGather up wondrous wealth, 0 Indra, daily. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XV.\nIndra.\nNow, verily, will I declare the exploits, mighty and true, of\nhim the True and Mighty.\nIn theTrikadrukas he drank the Soma : then in its rapture\nIndra slew the Dragon.\n2 Highheaven in unsupported space he stablished : he filled the\ntwo worlds and the air’s mid-region.\nEarth he upheld, and gave it wide expansion. These things\ndid Indra in the Soma’s rapture.\n4\n3 From front, as ’twere a house, he ruled and measured pierced\n;\nwith his bolt the fountains of the rivers,\nAnd made them flow *at ease by paths far-reaching. These\nthings did Indra in the Soma’s rapture.\n4 Compassing those who bore away Dabhiti, in kindled fire he\nburnt up all their weapons,\nAnd made him rich with kine and cars and horses. These\nthings did Indra in the Soma’s rapture.\n5 The mighty roaring flood he stayed from flowing, and carried\nthose who swam not safely over.\nThey having crossed the stream attained to riches. These\nthings did Indra in the Soma’s rapture.\n6 With mighty powerhe made the stream flow upward, crushed\nwith his thunderbolt the car of Ushas,\nBending her slow steeds withhisrapidcoursers. These things\ndid Indra in the Soma’s rapture.\n1 In The Trikadrukas seeII. 11. 17. Inits rapture in theexhilaration\nproducedbydrinkingthefermentedjuice. SeeI. 51. 2andnote.\n3 Fromfront as7twereahouse theformationoftheworldiscomparedto\nthebuildingof, ahouse. Wilson renders\n:\n(Heitis)whohas measuredthe\neastern (quarters)withmeasureslikeachamber.’\n• 4 Dabhiti: see II. 13. 9.\n5 Of. I. 13. 12.\n6 The carof Ushas thedestructionofthe chariotofUshas orDawnby\nIndraisdescribedmorefullyin IV. 39. 8."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 275,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA. 279\n16.]\n7 Knowingthe place whereinthe maids were hiding, the outcast\nshowed himself and stood before them.\nThe cripple stood erect, the blind beheld them. These things\ndid indra in the Soma's rapture.\n8 Praised by the Angirases he slaughtered Vala, an$burstapart\nthe bulwarks of the mountain.\nHe tore away theirjieftly-built defences. These things did\nIndra in the Soma's raptiireT\n9 Thou, with sleep whelming Chumuri and Dhuni, slowest the\nDasyu, keptest safe Dabliiti.\nThere the staff-bearerfoundthegolden treasure. These things\ndid Indra in the Soma’s rapture.\n10 How let thatwealthy Cow of thine, 0 Indra, yield in return\na boon to him who lauds thee.\nGive to thy praisers let not fortune fail us. Loud may we\n:\nspeak, with brave men, in assembly.\nHYMN\nXVI. Indra.\nTo him, your own, the best among the good, I bring eulogy,\nlike oblation in the kindled fire.\nWe invocate for help Indra untouched by eld, who maketh\nall decay, strengthened, for ever young.\n2 Without whom naught exists, Indra the Lofty One in whom\n;\nalone all powers heroic are combined.\nThe Soma is within him, in his frame vast strength, the\nthunder in his hand and wisdom in his head.\n3 Not by both worlds is thine own power to be surpassed, nor\nmay thy car be stayed by mountains or by seas.\nNone cometh near, 0 Indra, to thy thunderbolt, when with\nswift steeds thou fliest over many a league.\n4 For all men bring their will to him the Besolute, to him the\nHoly One, to him the Strong they cleave.\nPay worship with oblation, strong and passing wise. Drink\nthou the Soma, Indra, through the mighty blaze.\n7 Paravrij, hererendered £the outcast/ is taken by S&yanaas thenameof\na Itishi who was lame andblind. When somegirls made sport of himhe\nprayedtoIndraand wasmadesound.\n9 Chumuriand Dhuni : Asuras ordemons.\nThestaff-bearer; thedoor-keeper, or chamberlain, of Dabhiti. Thegolden\ntreasure of Chumuriand Dhuni.\n1 Likeoblation praisethatmagnifiesandstrengthens Indraas oblationsof\nclarifiedbuttercastintothefireincreasetheflame."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 276,
            "content": ": : :\n80 THEHYMNS OF [BOOK II.\n5 The vessel of the strong hows forth, the hood ofmeath, unto\nthe Strong whofeedsupon the strong, for drink.\nStrong are the two Adhv&ryus, strong are both the stones.\nThey press the Soma that is strong forhim the Strong.\n6 Strong m thy thunderbolt, yea, and thy caris strong strong\n;\nare thy Bay Steeds and thy weapons powerful.\nThou, Indra, Bull, art Lord of the strong gladdening drink\n:\nwith the strong Soma, Indra, satisfy thyself.\n7 I, bold by prayer, come near thee in thy sacred rites, thee\nlike a saving ship, thee shouting in the war.\nVerily he will hear and mark this word of ours ; we will pour\nIndra forth as 7twere a spring of wealth.\n8 Turn thee unto us ere calamity come nigh, as a cow full of\npasture turns her to hercalf.\nLord ofa Hundred Powers, may we once firmly cling to thy\nfair favours even ashusbands to their wives.\n9 Now letthat \"wealthy Cow ofthine, 0 Indra, yield in return a\nbooii to him who lauds thee.\nGive to thypraisers : let not fortune fail us. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN\nXVII. Indra.\nLike the Angirases, sing this new song forth to him, for, as\nin ancient days, his mighty powers are shown,\nWhen in the rapture of the Soma he unclosed with strength\nthe solid firm-shut stables of the kine.\n2 Lethim be even that God who, for the earliest draught mea-\nsuring out bis power, increased his majesty;\nHero who fortifiedhis bodyin thewars, andthrough hisgreat-\nness set the heaven upon his head.\n3 Thoudidstperformthyfirstgreatdeedofheromight whattime\nthou showedst power, through prayer, before this folk.\nHurled downby theethe car-borne Lord of Tawny Steeds, the\ncongregated swift ones fled in sundry ways.\n5 Thevesselofthe strong the reservoir containing thestrong Soma. In\nreference to therepetition of the word ‘strong' inthis and thefollowing\nstanzasee1. 177. 2,S.\nBoththestones: forpressingouttheSomaJuice.\n1 PraiseIndraafterthemaimeroftheancientAngirases with anew song,\nbecausehis ancientdeedsarecontinuallyrenewed forouradvantage.\n2 Fortified-his body protecteditwith acoatofmail,\n3 Thecongregatedswift ones accordingto S&yana, the Asuras or enemies\npf the Gods. AccordingtoBoththewater*of theheaven."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 277,
            "content": ": : : :\nI1YMN 18.] TEE MG VEDA. 281\n4 HemadehimselfbymightLordof all livingthings, and strong\nin vital power waxed great above them all.\nHe, borne on high, overspread with light the heavenand earth,\nand, sewing up the turbid darkness, closed it in.\n§ He with his might made firm the forward-bending hills, the\ndownward rushing of the waters he ordained.\nFast he upheld the earth that nourisheth all life, and stayed\nthe heaven from falling by his wondrous skill.\n6 Fitforthe graspingofhis arms iswhattheSirehath fabricated\nfrom all kind of precious wealth,\nThe thunderbolt, wherewith, loud-roaring, he smotedown, and\nstriking him to death laid Krivi on the earth.\n7 Asshewhoinher parents' house is growing old, I pray to thee\n- as Bhaga from the seat of all.\nGrant knowledge, mete it out and bring it to ushere giveus\nthe share wherewith thou rnakest people glad1 . :\n8 Mayweinvoketheeasaliberalgiver\n:\nthougivestus, 0 Indra,\nstrength and labours.\nHelp us with manifold assistance, Indra Mighty One, Indra,\n:\nmake us yet more wealthy,\n9 Now may that wealthy Cow of thine, 0 Indra, give in return\na boon to him who lauds thee.\nGivetothypraisers\n:\nletnotfortunefailus. Loudmaywcspeak,\nwith heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN\nXYIII. Indra.\nThe rich new car hath been equipped at morning fouryokes\n;\nit hath, three whips, seven reins to guide it\nTen-sided, friendlytomankind,light-winner,thatmustbeurged\nto speed wibh prayers and wishes.\n4 Borneon high : orperhaps *luminous/ asProf. MaxMullerrendersit.\n5 Forward-bending: ready tofalluntil Indrafixedthem.\n6 Krivi originally 1aleatherhag* and metaphorically acloud,’ said by\nS&yanatobeanAsuraordemon.\n7 As Bhaga as the Godwhodistributeswealth,andalsopresidesoverlove\nandmarriage. From theseatofall from thehallofsacrifice whereseatsof\nsacred grassareprovidedforallthe Gods.\n1 Therich newcar is the morningsacrifice which travelstothe Godsand\nobtainswealthfortheworshipper. Thefouryokesarethefourpairofstones\nfor pressing out the Soma juice the three whips are the three tones of\nprayer the seven reins arethe se; ven metres. The meaningof dasdritroh,\n(tensid; ed,’isnotclear. S&yauaexplainsaritrdh as 4preserversfromenemies,\nit e. sins,’ theplanets. Grassmannthinksthat’wheels aremeant."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 278,
            "content": ": : :\n282 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK //.\n2 This is prepared for him the first, the second, and the third\ntime : he is man’s Priest and Herald.\nOthers get offspring of another parent : he goeth, as a noble\nBull, with others.\n3 To India’s car the Bay Steeds have I harnessed, that new\nwell-spoken words may bring him hither.\nHere let not other worshippers detain thee, for among us are\nmany holy singers, /\n4 Indra, come hitherward with two Bay Coursers, come thou\nwith four, with six when invocated.\nCome thou with eight, with ten, to drink the Soma. Here is\nthe juice, brave Warrior : do not scorn it.\n5 0Indra,comethouhitherhavingharnessedthycarwithtwenty,\nthirty, forty horses.\nCome thou with fifty well trained coursers, Indra, sixty or\nseventy, to drink the Soma.\n6 Come to us hitherward, 0 Indra, carried by eighty, ninety,or\nanhundred horses.\nThis Somajuice among the Sunahotras hath been poured out,\n4\ninlove, to gladthee, Indra.\n7 To this my prayer, 0 Indra, come thou hither : bind to thy\ncar’spole all thy two Bay Coursers.\nThou art to be invoked in many places: Hero, rejoice thyself\nin this libation.\n8 Ne’er be my love from Indra disunited : still may his liberal\nMilch-cow yield us treasure.\nSo may we under his supreme protection, safe in his arms,\nsucceed in each forth-going.\n9 Now may that wealthy Cow of thine, 0 Indra, give in return\na boon to him who lauds thee.\nGive to thy praisers : let not fortune fail us. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nref2 erT rh ee dtf oi .rst, lit ehe iss me ac no 'n sd , Pra in ed stthe At gh ni ird mut sim te bet mh ee ant th .ree daily sacrifices are\nThe second hemistich is obscure. Wilson, after Sftyana, paraphrases:\n*Other(priests) engenderthe embryoofa different(rite), butthis victorious\n(sacrifice),theshowerer (of benefits)combines withother(ceremonies).’\n4 With two Bay Coursers this is the usual number. The progressive\nmultiplication inthis andthe followingstanzas is perhaps intendedto in-\ndicatethe ever increasing rapidity with which the eager worshipper prays\nIndratoapproach. The{Scholiast saysthatby theirsupernatural power the\ntwo horses ofIndramultiplythemselvesindefinitely.\n6 TheStmahotms: apparentlyafamilysocalled; '’, 'hosewho\nsacrificewithhappyresult}.’ AccordingtoSayana, certain\nvesselsintowhichtheSomajuicewaspoured. ’ ;\n^"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 279,
            "content": ": ;: ; ;\nHYMN 19,] THE RIGVEDA. 283\nHYMN\nXIX. Indra.\nDraughts of this sweet juice have been drunk for rapture, of\nthe wise Soma-presser’s offered dainty,\nWherein, grown mightyinthedaysaforetime, Indra^hathfound\ndelight, and men who worship.\n2 Cheered by this meath Indra, whose handwieldsthunder, rent\npiecemeal Ahi whobarred up the waters,\nSo that the quickening currents of the rivers flowed forth like\nbirds unto their resting-places.\n3 Indra, this Mighty One, the Dragon's sktyer, sent forth the\nflood of waters to the ocean.\nHe gave the Sun his life, he found the cattle, and -with the\nnight the works of days completed.\n4 To him who worshippeth hath Indragivenmanyandmatchless\ngifts. He slayeth Vritra.\nStraight was he to be sought with supplications by men who\nstruggled to obtain the sunlight.\n—\n5 To him who poured him gifts he gave up Surya, Indra, the\nGod, the Mighty, to the mortal\nFor Etasa with worshipbrought him riches that keep distress\nafar, as 'twere his portion.\n6 Once to the driver of his chariot, Kutsa, he gave up greedy\nSushna, plague of harvest\nAnd Tndra, for the sake of Divod&sa, demolishedSambara'snine-\nand-ninety castles.\n1 Have been drunk by Indra.\n3 Andwiththenight perhaps, by givingthenightfor restenabledmento\nperform,thelabours oftheday. Or, asaktwnd may mean ‘bylight/ ‘effected\nthe manifestation of the daysbylight/ asWilson rendersitafterS&yana.\n5 See I. 61. 15. Thelegendsays thatacertain King who wished fora son\nworshippedSftryawho, togranthisprayer,wasbornhimselfastheKing's son.\nAfterwardswhen some disputearosebetween'this King’s sonwhowas named\nSuryaandthe RishiEtasa, Indrasided withthelatter. InI. 61.15,achariot\nrace appearstobereferred to, and Ihave translatedthepassage accordingly,\nfollowingS&yahain takingSUryatobethenameofaman. If, however, asis\nverypossible, Sftryathereisthe Sun-GodthemeaningisthatIndra, in order\ntofavour hisfaithfulworshipperEtasa, compelledSurya ortheSun tobring\nbackhis chariotandhorsestothe east;thatisthereturnofdayonsomeparti-\ncularoccasionisattributedtoIndra’s intervention onbehalfof his favourite.\nThisappears tobethemeaningofthisversealso. See,alsoI. 121. 13.\nAs 'twerehis ‘portion as (a father gives) his portion (to ason), according\nto S&yana.\n6 Kutsaand Divoddsa, favouritesofIndra,andSushnaandSambara,demons\nofdrought, haveoccurredfrequentlyin BookI."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 280,
            "content": "; : :\n234 TIIB HYMNS OF [BOOK It.\n7 So have we brought our hymn to thee, 0 Indra, strengthening\nthee and fain ourselves for glory,\nMay we with best endeavours gain this friendship, andmayst\nthoubend the godless scorner’s weapons,\n8 Thus the Gritsamadas for thee, 0 Hero, have wrought their\nhymn and task as seeking favour.\nMay they who worship thee afresh, 0 Indra, gain food axid\nstrength, bliss, and a happy dwelling,\n9 Now may that wealthy Cow of thine, 0 Indra, give in return\na boon to him who lauds thee.\nGive to thy praisers : let not fortune fail us. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XX, Indra.\nAs one brings fo—rth his car when fain for combat, so bring we\npower to thee regard us, Indra\nWell skilled in song, thoughtful in spirit, seeking great bliss\nfrom one like thee amid the Heroes.\n2 Indra, thou art our own with thy protection, a guardian near\nto men who love thee truly.\nActive art thou, the liberal man’s defender, his who draws\nnear to thee with right devotion.\n3 May Indra, called with solemn invocations, the young, the\nFriend, be men’s auspicious keeper,\nOnewho willfurther withhisaidthe singer, the toiler, praiser,\ndresser of oblations.\n4 With laudand song let me extol that Indra in whom of old\nmen prospered and were mighty.\nMay he, implored, fulfil the prayer for plenty of him who\nworships, of the living mortal.\n5 He, Indrawhom the Angirases’ praise delighted, strengthened\ntheir prayer and made their goings prosper.\nStealing away the mornings with the sunlight, he, lauded,\ncrushed even Asna’s ancient powers.\n1 Forcombat or,perhaps,fortherace.\n3 Thetoiler: themanwholaboursinthedischargeofreligiousduties.\n4 Theliving mortal thepresentworshipper,asdistinguishedfromthemen\nofold.\n5 Madetheir goingsprosper by recoveringfor them the stolen cows, fre-\nquentlymentionedin BookX. Asna, ‘thevoracious,’ saidtobethename of\nademon, oneofthemanyfoesoverthrownbyIndra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 281,
            "content": "; : : : i:\nHTMN 21.] THE MOVED A. 28^\n6 He verily, the God, the glorious Indra, hath raised him up for\nman, best Wonder-Worker.\nHe, self-reliant, mighty and triumphant, brought low the dear\nhead of the wicked D&sa.\n7 IndratheVritra-slayer,Fort-destroyer, scatteredtheD&sahosts\nwho dwelt in darkness.\nForman hath he createdearth andwaters, and ever helped the\nprayer of him who worships.\n8 To him in might the Gods have ever yielded, to Indra in the\ntumult of the battle.\nWhen inhisarms theyj&id_the bolt, heslaughtered the Dasvus\nand cast down their forts\"oF ron.\n9 Now may that wealthy Cow ofthine, 0 Indra, givein return a\nboon to him who lauds thee.\nGive to thy praisers let not fortune fail us. Loud may we\n:\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly,\nHYMN XXL\nIndra,\nTo himtheLord of all, the Lord of wealth, of light; him who\nis Lord for ever, Lord of men and tilth,\nHim who is Lord of horses, Lord of kine, of floods, to Indra,\nto the Holy bring sweet Soma juice.\n2 To him the potent One, who conquers and breaks down, the\nVictor never vanquished who disposes all,\nThe mighty-voiced, the rider, unassailable, to Indra ever-\nconquering speak your reverent prayer,\n3 Still Victor, loved by mortals, ruler over.men, o’erfchrower,\nwarrior, he hath waxen as he would;\nHost-gatherer, triumphant, ho.loured mid the folk. Indra’s\nheroic deeds will I tell forth to all.\n6 D4sa saidby S&yanatobean Asura,ordemonofthatname. Theword\nis frequently appliedtothefoes ofthe Aryas, tothemaliguant demons ofthe\nair as wellastothe barbarousand hostileinhabitantsoftheland,and itis not\nalwaysclearwhether humanorsuperhuman enemiesareintended.\nThedearhead : theDdsa’s ownhead ; dear = <j)(Xov*nHomer.\n. 7 The Ddsa hosts xoho dwelt in darkness the wordsthus renderedarevari-\nously explained. It isuncertain whether the aborigines of thecountry ar#\nmeant,orthedemonsofairwho dwellin thedark clouds.\n8 TheDasyus theAsurasor demons, acecndingto S&yana,\n1 TheLord literally, conquerorofall, ofwealth, etc.\n2 Mighty-voiced: Sftyanagives two explanations, 1havingafull throat/ or\n'praisedbymany.’ Eider bornethrough thesky."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 282,
            "content": "—\n:;; ;:: ;\n286 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IL\n4 The-strong who never yields, who slew the furious fiend, the\ndeep, the vast, of wisdom unattainable\nWho speeds thegood, the breaker-down, t; he firm, the vast,\nIndra whose rites bringjoy hath made the light of Dawn.\n5 By sacrifice the yearning sages sending forth their songs\nfound furtherance from him who speeds the flood.\nIn Indra seeking help with -worship and with hymn, they\ndrew him to themselves and won them kine and wealth.\n6 Indra, bestow on us the best of treasures, the spirit of ability\nand fortune\nIncrease ofriches, safety of ourbodies, charm of sweet speech,\nand days of pleasant weather.\nHYMN\nXXII. Indra.\nAt the Trikadrukas the Great and Strong hath drunk drink\nblent with meal. With Yishnu hath he quaffed the poured\nout Soma juice, all that he would.\nThat hath so heightened him the Great, the Wide, to do his\nmighty work.\nSo may the God attainthe God,trueInduIndrawho istrue.\n2 So he resplendent in the battle overcame Krivibymight. He\nwithhismajesty hath filled theearthandheaven, andwaxen\nstrong.\nOne share of the libation hath he swallowed down: one share\nhe left.\nSo may the God attend the God, trueInduIndrawho istrue.\n3 Brought forth together with wisdom and mighty power thou\ngrewest great with hero deeds subduing the malevolent,\n;\nmost swiftin act\nGiving prosperity, and lovely wealth tohimwhopraiseth thee.\nSomaytheGod attend the God, true InduIndra who istrue.\n4 This, Indra, was thy hero deed, Dancer, thy first and ancient\nwork, worthy to be told forth in heaven,\nWhattime thou sentestdown life withaGod’sown power, free-\ning the floods.\nAll thatis godless may he conquer with his might, and, Lord\nof Hundred Powers, find for us strength and'food.\n4 Thefuriousfiend Vritra.\n6 Ability toperformsacredceremonies,accordingtoSayana.\n1 The Trikadrukas the firstthreedays oftheAbhiplavaceremony.\nIndu : adrop, especially ofSoraajuice ; anothernameofthedeified Soma.\n2 Krivi ademon. SeeII. 17i 6.\n4 Dancer active inbattle, dancerofthewar-dance."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 283,
            "content": "— —\n: :\nHYMN- 23.] THE RIGVEDA. 287\nHYMN\nXXIII. Brahmanaspati.\nWe call thee. Lord and Leader of theheavenlyhosts,the wise\namongdhe wise, the famousest of all,\nThe Kingsupreme of prayers, 0 Brahmanaspati]: h^ar us with\nhelp sit down in place of sacrifice.\n;\n2 Brihaspati, God immortal verily the Gods have gained from\n!\nthee, the wise, a share in holy rites.\nAs with great light the Sun brings forth the rays of morn, so\nthou alone art Father of all sacred prayer.\n3 When thou hast chased away revilers and the gloom, thou\nmountest the refulgent car of sacrifice\n;\nThe awful car, Brihaspati, that quells the foe, slays demons,\ncleaves the stall of ldne, and finds the light.\n4 Thou leadest with good guidance andpreservestmen distress\n;\novertakes not him who offer's gifts to thee.\nHim who hates prayer thou pimishest, Brihaspati, quellinghis\nwrath : herein is thygreatmightiness.\n5 No sorrow, no distressfrom any side, no foes, no creatures\ndouble-tongued have overcome the man,\nThou drivest all seductive fiends away fromhimwhom, careful\nguard, thou keepest, Brahmanaspati.\n6 Thou art our keeper, wise, preparer of our paths we, for thy\n:\nservice, sing to thee with hymns of praise.\nBrihaspati, whoever lays a snarefor us, him may his evil fate,\nprecipitate, destroy.\n7 Him, too, who threatens us without offence of ours, the evil-\nminded, arrogant, rapacious man,\nHim turn thou from our path away, Brihaspati give us fair\naccess to this banquet of the Gods. :\n8 Thee as protector of our bodies we invoke, thee, saviour, as\nthe comforter who loveth us.\nStrike, 0 Brihaspati, the Gods’ revilers down, and let not the\nunrighteous come to highest bliss.\nof1 thB emk wm ora sn hc it ps pp ea rii up.* oa nlt te hr ena Gt oi dng sw ii st ph erB sr oi nh ia fs iep da .ti, St eh eeD I.ei 1t 4.y 3i .nw Aho com mt ph ae raa tc it vi eo -n\nlyrecentGod,astherepresentative ofthehierarchy, heis graduallyencroach-\ningonthejurisdictionof Indra the Warrior God of the Kshatriyas, claiming\nhis achievements ashisown and assuming his attributes. See Weber, tiber\ndenVftjapeya, SitzungsberiehtederK.P. Academie der Wissenschaften 1892\nXXXIX, p. 15. J\n3 Rei'ilers blasphemingdemonsof darkness. Cleavesthestallof Hne opens\ntheprison wherethecows orrays oflighthavebeen shut up. x\n7 Thisbanquetofthe Gods: sacrificein'general, and especially the sacrifice\nwhich isperforming."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 284,
            "content": "—\n289 8 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK It,\nThroughthee, kindprospered 0Brahmanaspati, mayweobtain\nthe wealth of men which all desire :\nAnd all our enemies, who near or far away prevail against us,\ncrush, andleave them destitute.\n;\n10 With thee as our own rich and liberal allymaywe, Brihaspati,\ngain highest power of life.\nLet not the guileful wicked man be lord of us : still may vTe\nprosper, singing goodly hymns of praise.\n11 Strong, never yielding, hastening to the battle-cry, consumer\nof the foe, victorious in the strife,\nThou*art sin's true avenger, Brahmanaspati, who tamest e'en\nthe tierce, the wildly passionate.\n12 Whoso with mind ungodly seeks to do us harm, who, deeming\nhim a man of might mid lords, would slay,\nLet nothis deadly blow reach us,.Brihaspati; may we humi-\nliate the strong ill-doer's wrath.\n13 Themovermidthespoil, thewinnerof allwealth, tobeinvoked\nin fight, and reverently adored,\nBrihaspati hath overthrown like cars of warallwicked enemies\nwho fain would injure us.\n14 Burnupthedemonswith thyfiercest-flaming brand, those who\nhave scorned thee in thy manifested might.\nShow forth that power that shall deserve the hymn of praise-:\ndestroy the evil-speakers, 0 Brihaspati.\n15 Brihaspati, thatwhichthefoedeservesnot, whichshinesamong\nthe folk effectual, splendid,\n—\nThat, Son of Law 1 which is with might refulgent that trea-\nsure wonderful bestow thou on us.\n16 Give us not up to those who, foes in ambuscade, are greedy\nfor the wealth of him who sitsat ease,\nWho cherish in their heart abandonment of Gods, Brihaspati,\nnofurther rest shall they obtain.\n.\n17 For Tvashtar, he who knows each sacred song, brought thee\nto life, preeminent o’er all the things that be.\nGuilt-scourger,guilt-avengeris Brihaspati, whoslays thespoiler\nand upholds the mighty Law.\n15 Sonof Law ; whohastthybeinginaccordancewithvita,truthoreternal\nLawandOrder,\n16 This stanza is difficult, and the translation is conjectural. Wilson\nobservesthatS&yana’s explanationis notveryintelligible."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 285,
            "content": ": ; -\nZTTAfy 24.] TIIE UIGVEDA . 1589\n18 The mountain, for thy glory, cleft itself apart when, Angir&s !\nthou openedst the stall of kine.\nThou, 0 Brihaspati, with Indra for ally didsthurldownwater-\nfloods which gloom had compassed round.\n19 0 Brahmanaspati, he thou controller of this ouffhymn and\nprosper thou our children.\nAll that the Gods regard with love is blessed. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XX\nIT. %ahmanaspati.\nBe pleased with this our offering, thou who art the Lord; we\nwill adore thee with this new and mighty song.\nAs this thy friend, our liberal patron, praises thee, do thou,\nBrihaspati, fulfil ourhearts’ desire.\n2 He who with might bowed down the things that should be\nbowed, and in his fury rent the holds of Sambara —\nWho overthrew what shook not, Brahmanaspati,* he made\nhis way within the mountain stored with wealth.\n3 That was a great deed for the Godliest of the Gods strong\n:\nthings were loosened and the firmly fixed gave way.\nHe drave the kine forth and cleft Vala through by prayer,\ndispelled the darkuess and displayed the light of heaven.\n4 The well with mouth of stone that poured a flood o—f meath,\nwhich Brahmanaspati hath opened with his might\nAll they who see the light have drunk their All thereat to-\n:\ngether they have made the watery fount flow forth.\n5 Ancient will be those creatures, whatsoe’er they be with\n;\nmoons, with autumns, doorsunclose themselves to you.\nEffortlesstheypassonto perfectthisandthat, appointed works\nwhich Brahmanaspati ordained.\n18 Angiras : Brihaspatiishere called bythename of the ancientpatriarch\nas Agni is in I. 1. 6 According tothe Bhdgavata Pnrdna Brihaspatiisthe\nson ofAngiras.\nThou didsthurl doivn: the deedusuallyascribed to Indra ishereattri-\nbutedtoBrihaspatiasthe Lord of effectual prayer. See I. 14. 3 ?and 02 3.\n1 Thyfriend, ourliberalpatron: theinstitutorof thesacrifice,the faithful\nworshipperofthe Godand therewarder ofthepriests.\n2 TheholdsofSxmbara greatblack cloudsbefore they pourtheirrain.\nThe mountainstoredwith wealth: the cloudfullof preciousrain.\n5 Thisstanza is difficult. Ludwig takes tof bhitvanA, *those creatures/\nwhose natureis imperfectly known,tobe the sunand moon, theparentsof\nmonthsandyears,whichwithoutanyeffortontheirpai'tbringtopasswhatever\nBrahmanaspatidecrees.\n19"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 286,
            "content": "——\n: : : :\n2,90 THE HYMNS OF [WOK IL\n6 Theywho with much endeavour searchinground obtained the\nPams5 noblest treasure hidden inthe cave,\nThose SrgT*!, \"having luarko i-lm falsehoods, turned them hack\n:\nwhence they had come, and sought again to enter in.\n7 The pious ones when theyhadseenthefalsehoodsturnedthem.\nback, thesages stood again upon the lofty ways.\nCast down with both theirarms upon the rock they left the\nkindled fire, and said, No enemy is he.\n8 With his swift bow, strung truly, Brahmanaspati reaches the\nmark \\jhate7er it he that he desires.\nExcellent are the arrows wherewithal he shoots, keen-eyed to\nlook on men arid springingfrom his ear.\n9 Hebrings togetherandheparts,thegreatHighPriest; extolled\nis he, in battle Brahmanaspati.\nWhen, gracious, for the hymn he brings forth foodandwealth,\nthe glowing Sun untroubled sends forth fervent heat.\n10 First and preeminent, excelling all besides are the kind giftsof\nliberal Brihaspati.\nThese are the boons of him the Strong who should be loved,\nwherebyboth classes and the people havedelight.\n11 Thou who in every way supreme in earthly power, rejoicing,\nby thy mighty strength hast waxen great,\nHe is the God spread forth in breadth against the Gods : he,\nBrahmanaspati, encompasseth this All.\n1.2 From you, twain Maghavans, all truth proceedeth : even the\nwaters break not your commandment.\nCometous, BrahmanaspatiandIndra, toouroblationlikeyoked\nsteeds to fodder.\n;6 ThePanis arethe robber-fiendswho carryoffandhide thecowsorraya\noflight. Those sages: the Angirases, to whom the stolen cows aresaidto\nhave belonged. Hivingmarked the falsehoods having seen through the\nguilesofthefiendswho soughttomisleadthem.\n7 Theyleftthekindledfire: thecows, orwatersandthelightwhichfollows\ntheireffusion, weresetfreebyfire-oblationsof whichtheAngirasesareregard-\ned as theearliestinstitutors. Noenemy: thatis, man’sgreatestfriend. The\nstanzaisobscure,andSftyana’s explanationisunsatisfactory.\n8 Springingfromhis ear the bow-string being drawn to the right ear.\nThe word may, perhaps, mean also, *findingtheirhomein,i. e. reachingthe\nears* of men,andmight betranslated1levelledtothe ear.’\n9 Hebrings togetherandheparts bringsfriendstogether in worship, and\ndispersesenemiesinbattle.\n10 Bothclasses: accordingto S&yana, theinstitutorsofthesacrificeandthe\npriests, orGodsandmen.\n11 In breadthagainst theGods: inhismightinesstherepresentativeof all\nthe Gods.\n12 Eventhewatm all nature,eventhestrongandrapidwater-floods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 287,
            "content": "BYMN THE RIGVEDA. 291\n26.]\n13 The sacrificial femes most swiftly hear the call: the priest of\nthe assembly gaineth wealth for hymns.\nHating the stern, remitting at his will the debt, strong in the\nshock of fight is Brahmanaspati.\n14 The wrath of Brahmanaspati according to his will had full\neffect when he would do a mighty deed.\nThe kine he drave forth and distributed to heaven, even as a\ncopious flood with strength flows sundry ways.\n15 0 Brahmanaspati, may we be evermore mastersof wealthwell-\n2 guided, full of v' ital strength.\nHeroesonheroessendabundantly tous, when.thouomnipoten\nthrough prayer seekest my call.\n16 0 Brahmanaspati, be thou controller of this our hymn, and\nprosper thou our children.\nAll that the Gods regard with love is blessed. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XX\nY. Brahmanaspati.\nHe lighting up the flame shall conquer enemies strong shall\n:\nhe be who offers prayer and brings his gift.\nHe with his seed spreads forth beyond another’s seed, whom-\never Brahmanaspati takes for his friend.\nWith heroes he shall overcome his hero foes, and spread his\nwealth by kine ; wise by himself is he.\nHis children and his children’s children grow in strength,\nwhomever Brahmanaspati takes for his friend.\n3 He, mighty like a raving river’s billowy flood, as a bull con-\nquers oxen, overcomes with strength.\nLike Agni?s blazing rush he may not be restrained, whomever\nBrahmanaspati takes for his friend.\n4 For him the floods of heaven flow never failing down : first\nwith the heroes he goes forth to war for kine.\nHe slays in unabated vigour with great might, whomever\nBrahmanaspati takes for his friend. *\n5 All roaring rivers pour their waters down for him, and many\na lawless shelter hath been granted him.\nBlest with the happiness of Gods he prospers well, whomever\nBrahmanaspati takes for his friend.\nHYMN XXYI. Brahmanaspati.\nThe righteous singer shall o’ercome his enemies, and he who\nserves the Gods subdue thegodless man.\n.\n>'T The zealous mail shall vanquish the invincible, the worshipper\nshare the food of him who worships not."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 288,
            "content": ": : :\nm\nTEE HYMNS OF [BOOK 11\n2 Worship, thou hero; chase the arrogant' afar: put oil aus-\npicious courage for the fight with foes.\nPrepare oblation so that thou mayst have success we crave\n:\nthe favouring help of Brahmanaspati.\n3 -Ho with*his folk, his house, his family, his sons, gains booty\nfor himself, and, with the heroes, wealth,\nWho with oblation and a true believing heart serves Brah-\nmanaspati the Father ofthe Gods.\n4 Whoso hath honoured him with offerings rich in oil, him\nBralnnanaspatileads forward on his way,\nSaves him from sorrow, frees him from his enemy, and is his\nwonderful deliverer from woe.\nHYMN XXVII. Adilyas,\nThe^je hymns that drop down fatness, with the ladle I ever\nofferto the Kings Adityas.\nMay Mitra, Aryaman, and Bhaga hear us, themighty Varuna,\nDaksha, and Ansa.\n2 With one accord may Aryaman and Mitra and Varuna this\nday accept this praise-song—\n^\nAdityas bright and pure as streams of water, free from all\nguile and falsehood, blameless, perfect.\n3 These Gods, Adityas, vast, profound, and faithful, with many\neyes, fain to deceive the wicked,\nLooking within behold the good and evil: near to the Kings\nis even the thing most distant.\n4 Upholding that which moves and that which moves not,\nAdityas, Gods, protectors of all being,\nProvident, guarding well the world of spirits, true to eternal\nsj Law, the debtmxaotora .\n2 Worship, thouhero thelvishiaddressesthe exhortationtohimself,\n3 TheFatheroftheGods ; S&yanaexplainspUdntm ,father, bypdluyltdram,\nprotector,\n1 With the ladle that is, with my tongue that utters praises as the\nsacrificial ladlepoursouttheoblationsofclarifiedbutter.\nAdityas: BeeI. 14. 3.\nBhaga: the name of this ancient God still survives in the Slavonic\nlanguages asageneral^name for God. Be is frequently invoked together\nwith Pfishanand theAdityas, SeeX. 14. 3,\nDaksha active energy, spiritual power personified, and called an Ad itya\norson ofAditi. Sayanatakes thewordas an epithetofAnsa,powerful.\nAnsa : anotherof theAdityas,theDistributer, SeeII. 1, 4,\n3 looking within: iutothe heartsofmen.\n4 Thedebt-exactors; thepunishersofsin,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 289,
            "content": "m\n&Tmn 27%] $uB Rwvtii)A (\n85 May I, Adityas, share in this your favour which, Aryaman,\nbrings profit e’en in danger.\nUnder your guidance, Vanina and Mitra, round troubles may\nt pass, like rugged places.\nSmooth is your path, 0 Aryainan and Mitra; excellent is it,\nVanina,^and thornless.\nThereon, Adityas, send us down your blessing: grant us a\nshelter hard to be demolished.\n7 Mother of Kings, may Aditi transport us, by fair paths Arya-\nman, beyond all hatred.\nMay we uninjured, girt by many heroes, win Varrma’s and\nMitra’s high protection.\n8 With their support they stay three earths, three heavens;\nthree are their functions in the Gods’ assembly.\nMighty through Law, Adityas, is your greatness; fair is it,\nAryaman, V&runa, and Mitra.\n9 Golden and splendid, pure like streams of water, they hold\naloft the three bright heavenly regions.\nNe’er do they slumber, never close their eyelids, faithful, far-\nruling for the righteous mortal,\n10 Thou over all, O Varuua, art Sovran, be they Gods, Asura or\n!\nbe they mortals.\nGrant unto us to see a hundred autumns : ours he the blest\nlong lives of our forefathers.\n11 Neither the right nor left do I distinguish, neither the east\nnoryet the west, Adityas.\nSimpleand guided by your wisdom, Vasus ! may I attain the\nlight that brings no danger.\n12 He who bears gifts unto the Kings, true Leaders, he whom\ntheireverlasting blessings prosper,\nMoves with his chariot first in rank and wealthy, munificent\nand lauded in assemblies.\n13 Pure, faithful, very strong, with heroes round him, he dwells\nbeside the waters rich with pasture.\n.\nNone slays, from near at hand or from a distance, him who is\nunder the Adityas’ guidance.\n7 Motherof Kings: Adifci, theInfinite, motherof the Adityas.\n8 Three aretheirfunctions: perhaps theabsorption, retention,and effusion\nof rain.\n10 ; adivine andimmortal being ; apparently a higher title than\nderdh, Godsor BrightOnes.\nIllknownothingof myself and cannotattain to thelightof day, or the\nlight of trueknowledge, withoutyour assistance."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 290,
            "content": ": ; : :\n294 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IL\n14 Aditi, Mitra, Yaruna, forgive us however we have erred and\nsinned against you.\nMay I obtain the broad light free from peril : 0 Indra, let\nnot during darkness seize us.\n15 For him*’the Twain united pour their fulness, the rain from\nheaven he thrives most highly favoured.\n:\nHe goes to warmastering both the mansions : to him both\nportions of the world are gracious.\n16 Your guiles, ye Holy Ones, to quell oppressors, your snares\n•spread out against the foe, Adityas,\nMay I car-borne pass like a skilful horseman : uninjured may\nwe dwell in spacious shelter.\n17 May I not live, O Yaruna, to witness my wealthy, liberal,\ndear friend’s destitution.\nKing, may I neverlack well-ordered riches. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XXYrn.\nYaruna.\nThis laud of the self-radiant wise Aditya shallbesupreme o’er\nall that is in greatness.\nI beg renown of Yaruna the Mighty, the God exceeding kind\ntohim who worships.\n2 Having extolled thee, Yaruna, with thoughtful care may we\nhave high fortune in thy service,\nSinging thy praises like the fires at coming, day after day, of\nmornings rich in cattle.\n3 May we be in thy keeping, 0thouLeader, wide-ruling Yarupa,\nLord of.many heroes.\n0 Sons of Aditi, for everfaithful, pardon us, Gods, admit us\n.to your friendship.\n.\n4 He made them flow, the Aditya, the SuStainer : the riversrun\n* by.Yaruna’s commandment.\n14 Duringdarkness; death, night,darknessaretobedreaded : daylight is\nComparativelyfreefrom danger.\n15 The Twain'united heavenandearthwhichtogethermakeuptheworld.\nBoththemansions thatis, he retainspossessionof his own dwelling and\ngainBpossessionof thatof his enemy.\nBothportionsof theworld heavenand earth.\n17 May I never see mywealthy patron,the institutor of the ceremony\nreducedtopoverty.\n1 This laud the poetmagnifiesthe importanceof theworship which he\nofferstothe AdityaYaruna, thegreat King overall, theGodofnatural,peace-\nful, moralorderascontrasted withIndra the Godofbattles."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 291,
            "content": "—\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA. 295\n29.]\nThesefeelnoweariness, norceasefrom flowing: swift havethey\nflown like birds in airaround us.\n5 Loose me from sin as from a bond that binds me : may We\nswell, Varuna, thy spring of Order.\nLet not my thread, while I weave song, be severed, nor my\nwork’s sum, before the time, be shattered.\n6 Far fromme, Varuna,removealldanger\n:\nacceptmegraciously,\nthou Holy Sovran.\nCast off, like cords that hold a calf, my troubles : I am not\neven mine eyelid’s lord without thee.\n7 Strike us not, Varuna, with thosedread weapons which, Asufa,\nat thy bidding wound the sinner.\nLet us not pass awayfrom lighttoexile. Scatter, that we may\nlive, the men who hate us.\n8 0 mighty Varuna, now and hereafter, even as of old, will we\nspeak forth our worship.\nFor in thyself, invincible God, thy statutes ne’er to be moved\narefixedas on a mountain.\n9 Movefarfromme whatsins Ihave committed : let menotsuffer,\nKing, for guilt of others.\nFull many a mom remains to dawn upon us: in these, 0\nVaruna, while we live direct us.\n10 O King, whoever, be he friend or kinsman, bath threatened\nme affrighted in my slumber\nIf any wolf orrobberfain would harmus, therefrom, 0 Varuna,\ngive thou us protection.\n11 May I not live, O Varuna, to witness my wealthy, liberal, dear\nfriend’s destitution.\nKing, may Ineverlackwell-orderedriches. Loudmaywespeak,\nwith heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XXIX. Visvedevas.\nUpholders of the Law,ye strong Adityas, remove my sinlike\nher who bears in secret.\nYou, Varuna, Mitra and all Gods who listen, I call to helpme,\nI who know your goodness.\n2 Ye, Gods, are providence ap.d ye are power remove ye utterly\n:\nall those who hate us.\n5 Swell thyspring of Order* observe andstrengthenthystatutesand\nordinances from whichlifeand allblessings flow.\n1 Likeherwho hearsinsecret asanunweddedmotherabandonshersecretly\nborachildinsomedistantplace. -"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 292,
            "content": ";; :: :\n296 THE HYMNS OF [BOOR II.\nAsgiversofgood thingsdeal with ns kindly; thisday begraci-\nous to us.and hereafter.\n3 What service may we do you with our future, what service,\nVasus, with ourancient friendship?\nO Aditif and Varuna and Mitra, Indra and Maruts, make us\n-well and happy.\n4 Ye, 0 ye Gods, are verily our kinsmen; as such be kind to me\nwho now implore you.\nLet not yourcar come slowly to our worship of kinsmensuch\n:\nasyou ne’er let us weary.\n5 I singlyhave sinnedmany a sin againstyou, and ye chastised\nme as a sire the gambler.\nFar be your nets, far, Gods, be mine offences : seize me not\nlike a bird upon her offspring.\n6 Turn yourselves hitherward this day, ye Holy, that fearingin\nmy heart I may approach you.\nProtect us, God let not the wolf destroy us. Save us, ye\n;\nHoly, from the pit and falling.\n7 May I notlive, 0Varupa, towitness my wealthy, liberal, dear\nfriend’s destitution.\nKing, may I never lack well-ordered riches. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XXX.\nIndraand Others.\nTnB streams unceasing flow to Indra, slayer of A hi, Savitar,\nGod, Law’s fulfiller,\nBay after day goes on the sheen of waters. What time hath\npast since they were first setflowing?\n— —\n2 His Mother for she knew spake and proclaimed him who\nwas about to cast his bolt at Vritra.\nCutting their paths according to his pleasure day after day\nflow to their goal the rivers.\n3 Alofthe stood above the airy region, and against Vritra shot\nhis deadly missile.\nEnveloped in a cloud he rushed upon him. Indra subdued\nthe foe with sharpened weapons.\n5 As asire thegambler asa fatherpunisheshissonforgambling.\nYournets thenoosesorsnareswhichyespreadforthewicked.\n1 Savitar theSun, as identical with Indra. TheScholiast explains the\nwordhereastheinstigatororimpellerof all.\nWhat timehathpassed? meaningthatthewatersareeternal.\n2 The first hemistichisobscure. I followLudwig’s conjecturalinterpre-\ntation(Der lligveda,V. 63), whoreadsvidiishtforvidushe, and referstothe\nlegendrelatedinIV. 18. HisMother: Aditi,themotherofIndra.\n3 Alofthestood:Indra, SeeI. 32.Envelopedinacloud referringtoVritra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 293,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 31,] THE RTOYEDA. 297\n4 As with a bolt, Brihaspati, fiercely flaming, pierce thou\nYrik&dvaras’, the Asura’s, heroes.\nEven as iu time of old with might thou siewest, so slay even\nnow our enemy, 0 Indra.\n5 Gast down from heaven on high thy bolt of thuftder where-\nwith in joy thou smitest dead the foeman.\nFor gain of children make us thine, 0 Indra, of many child-\nren’s children and of cattle.\n6 Whomso ye love, his power ye aid and strengthen ye Twain\n;\nare the rich worshipper’s advancers.\nGraciously favour us, In;lra and Soma give us 6rm standing\n;\nin this time of danger.\n7 Let it not vex me, tire me, make me slothful, and never let\nus say, Press not the Soma\nFor him who cares forme, give; s gifts, supports me, who comes\nwith kine to me who pour libations.\n8 Sarasvati, protect us with the Maruts allied thou boldly\n:\nconquerest our focmen,\nWhile Indra does to death the daring chieftain of Sandikas\nexulting in his prowess.\n9 Him who waylays, yea, him who would destroy us,—aim»at\nhim, pierce him with thy sharpened weapon.\nBrihaspati, with arms thou slayest foemen 0 King, give ufP\n:\nthe spoiler to destruction.\n10 Perform, O Hero, with our valiant heroes the deeds heroic\nwhich thou hast to finish.\nLong have they been inflated with presumption slay them,\n:\nand bring us hithertheir possessions.\n11 I craving joy address with hymn and homage your heavenly\nhost, the company of Maruts,\nThat we may gain wealth with full store of heroes, each day\n'more famous, and with troops of children.\nHYMN XXXL\nVisvedevae,\nHelp, Yarunaand Mitra, 0ye TwainalliedwithYasus, Budras,\nand Adityas, help our car,\nThat, as the wildbirdsoftheforestfromtheirhome, ourhorses\nmay fiy forth, glad, eager for renown.\n4 Vrikadvarus: supposed by Ludwigto be the Kingofthe Sandikas, the\nhymn beingaprayer forvictoryin anapproaching battle with him. The\nAsura wouldthen mean King.\n7 Comesloith hine referringtoIndra who rewards hisworshippers with\ngifts ofcattle.\n1 Helpourcar inthe chariot-race. AccordingtoProf. Windisch,fcar’isa\nfigurative expression for ‘hymn ofpraise.1 Seethatscholar’sexhaus—tivedis-\ncussion ofthishymninFestgrussanRudolf vonRoth, 1893,pp. 139 *144*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 294,
            "content": ":: : :; :: ; . ; ;\n298 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IL\n2 Yea, now ye Gods of one accord speed on our car what time\namong the folk it seeks an act of might\nWhen, hasting through the region with the stamp of hoofs,\nour swift steeds trample on the ridges of the earth.\n3 Or mayour Indrahere, theFriend of all mankind, comingfrom\nheaven, most wise, girt by the Marut host,\nAccompany, with aid untroubled by a foe, our car to mighty\ngain, to win the meed of strength.\n4r Ormay this Tvashtar, God who rulesthe world with power,\none-minded with the Goddesses speed forth our car\nIla andBhaga the celestial, Earth and Heaven, Pushan, Puran-\ndhi, and the Asvins, ruling Lords.\n5 Or, seen alternate, those two blessed Goddesses, Morning and\nNight who stir all living things to act :\nWhile with my newest song I praise you both, 0 Earth, that\nfrom what moves notye may spread forth threefold food. •\n6 Your blessing as a boon for suppliantswedesire : theDragon of\nthe Deep, arid Aja-Ekapad,\nTrita, Ribhukshan, Savitar shall joy in us, and the Floods’\nswift Child in our worship and our prayer.\n7 These earnest prayers I pray to you, ye Holy : to pay you\n** honour, living men have formed them,\nMen fain to win the prize and glory. May they win, as a car-\nhorse might the goal, your notice.\nHYMN XXXII. VariousDeities.\nGraciously further, 0 yeHeaven and Earth, this speech striv-\ning to win reward, of me your worshipper.\nFirst rank I give to you, Immortal, high extolled [ I, fain to\nwin me wealth, to youthe mighty Pair.\n2 Letnot man’s guile annoy us, secret or by day give not us\n:\nup a prey to these calamities.\nSever not thou our friendship think thereon for us. This,\n:\nwith a heart that longs for bliss, we seek from thee.\n4 Purandhi meaningthebold,or the intelligent,may be either an epi-\nthetofPdshanorthenameofaseparatedeity.\nalw5 ayI sp rr ea gi as re dey dou asb co lt oh s, el0 ycE oa nr nt ech tedi ,e t. he0 mH ee na tv ie onn oa fnd onE ear isth su; fft ich ie enp t.air being\nFromlohcitmovesnot fromplantsasdistinguished from animals.\n6 The Drcvjonofthe Deep:Ahibudhnya, whodwellsinthedepthofair. See\nI. 186. 6. Aja-Bka'p&d cthe unbornone-footed,’ theSun. SeeVI. 50. 14,\nnote. Trita aVedieGod,appearingin connexion with Indra. TheFloods'\nswiftChild Agni. For theothernamesseeIndex.\n2 Thesecalamities some pressingtroubles orimminentdangersnotfurther\nspecified. Fromthee probablyIndra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 295,
            "content": "—\n: : : * :\nHYMN 33.] THE RIGVET)A. 299\n3 Bring hither with benignant mind the willing Cow teeming\nwith plenteous milk, full, inexhaustible.\n0 thou invoked by many, day by day I urge thee with my\nword, a charger rapid in his tread.\n4 With eulogy I callonRakaswiftto hear mayshe^auspicious,\n:\nhear us, and herself observe.\nWith never-breaking needle may she sew her work, and give\na hero son most wealthy, meet for praise.\n5 All thy kind thoughts, 0 Rak&,lovelyintheirf—orm,wherewith\nthou grantest wealth to him who offers gifts\nWith these come thou tous this day benevolent, 0 Blessed\nOne, bestowing food of thousand sorts.\n6 0 broad-tressed Sinivali, thou who art the Sister of the Gods,\nAccept the offered sacrifice, and, Goddess, grant us progeny.\n7 Withlovelyfingers, lovelyarms, prolific Motherofmanysons\nPresent the sacred gifts to her, to Sinivali Queen of men.\n8 Her, Sinivali, her, Gungu, her, Raka, her, Sarasvati, IndiAni\nto mine aid I call, and Varunani formy weal.\nHYMN\nXXXIII. Rudra.\nFather of Maruts, let thy bliss approach us exclude us not\n:\nfrom looking on the sunlight.\nGracious to our fleet courser be the Hero : may we ti'ansplant\nus, Rudra, in our children.\n2 With themost savingmedicineswhichthougivest, Rudra, may\nI attain a hundred winters.\nFar from us banish enmity and hatred, and to all quarters\nmaladies and trouble.\n3 Chief of all bom art thou in glory, Rudra, armed with the\n'\nthunder, mightiest of the mighty.\nTransport us over trouble to well-being: repel thou from tis all\nassaults of mischief.\n4 Let us not anger thee with worsihxp, Rudra, ill praise, Strong\nGod or mingled invocation.\n1\n4 Rdkd the Goddesspresidingovertheactualday offullmoon, andappa-\nrentlyassociatedwith child-birth.\n6 SinivdU asimilarlunarGoddess, whoaidsthebirthofchildren.\n8 GungH; identified by S&yanawith Kuhu, another lunar Goddess, orthe\ndayofconjunction whenthemoonrisesinvisible. Indrdniand Varundniare\ntheconsortsrespectively ofIndraand Varuna.\n1 The Hero ; Rudra. According to Ludwig: Letourbravesonbe mighty\nwith thecharger.\n4 With worship with imperfect worship. Mingled invocation in which\nother Godsalso, whohavenoclaimto theparticularoblation, areaddressed. '"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 296,
            "content": ": : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [tiOOK If.\nDo thou with strengthening halms incite our heroes : I hear\nthee famed as best of all physicians.\n5 May I with praise-songs win that Rudra’sfavourwhois adored\nwith gifts and invocations.\nNe’er may the tawny God, fair-cheeked, and gracious, swift-\nhearing,'yield us to this evil purpose*\n6 The Strong, begirt by Maruts, hath refreshed tne, with tnost\ninvigorating food, imploring.\nAs he who finds a shade in fervent sunlight may I, uninjured,\nwin the bliss of Rudra.\n7 Where is that gracious hand ofthine, 0 Rndra, the hand that\ngiveth health and bringcth comfort,\nRemover of the woe that Gods have sent us? 0 Strong One,\nlookthou on mewith compassion.\n8 To him. the strong, great, tawny, fair-complexioned, I utter\nforth a mighty hymn of praises*\nWe serve the brilliant God with adorations, we glorify the\nsplendid name of Rudra\n9 Withfirm limbs, Uiultiform, the strong, the tawny adonis him-\nself with bright gold decorations :\nThe strength of Godhead ne’er departs from Rudra, him who\nis Sovran of this world, the mighty.\n10 Worthy, thou earnest thy bow and arrows, worthy, thy many-\nhued and honoured necklace.\nWorthy, thou cufctest here each fiend to pieces i a mightier\nthan thou there is not, Rudra.\n11 Praise him the chariot-borne, the young, the famous, fierce,\nslaying like a dread beast of the forest.\n0 Rudra, praised, be gracious to the singer : let thy hosts\nspare us and smite down another.\n12 1 bend to thee as thou approachesr, Rudra, even as a boy be-\nfore the sire who greets him.\n1 praisetheeBounteous Giver, Lord of heroes : give medicines\nto us as thou art lauded,\n13 Of your pure medicines, 0 potent Maruts, those that are\nwholesomest and health-bestowing,\nThose which our father Manu hath selected, I crave from\nRudra for our gain and welfare.\n5 Yieldustothisevilpurpose giveusuptothemalieeofourenemy.\n6 TheStrong ortheBull, Rudra, accompanied byhissonstheMaruts.\n8 Fail•-gomplexioned thewhitecompletionofSiva, thelaterrepresentative\nofRudra,has,therefore,asWilson observes,itsoriginintheRigveda.\n18 Thosewhichourfather Manu. hath£elected; Wilsonobserves that*this\nAll (idestothe vegetable seedswhich Manu, accordingto theMahdbhdrata\n%"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 297,
            "content": ": :\nmYmk U.] THE R1QYEBA. 301\n14 May Rudra’s missile turn aside and spare us, the great wrath\nof the impetuous One avoid us.\nTurn, Bounteous God, thy strong bow from ourprinces, and\nbe thou gracious to our seed and offspring.\n15 0 tawny Bull, thus showing forth thy nature, as neither to\nbe wroth, 0 God, nor slay us,\nHere, Rudra, listen to our invocation. Loud may we speak,\nwith heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XXXIV,\nMaruts,\nThe Maruts of resistless might who love therain, resplendent,\nterrible like wild beasts in their strength,\nGlowing like flames of fire, impetuous in career, blowing the\nwandering rain-cloud, have disclosed the kine.\n*\n2 Theygleamwitharmlets as the heavens are decked with stars,\nlike cloud-born lightnings shine the torrents of their rain,\nSince the strong Rudra, 0 Maruts withbrilliant chests, sprang\ninto life for you in Prism's radiant lap.\n4\n3 They drip like horses in the racings of swift steeds with the\n;\nstream’s rapid oars they hasten on their way.\nMaruts with helms of gold, ye who make all things shake,\ncome with your spotted deer, one-minded, to our food.\n4 They have bestowed on Mitra all that live, to feed, they who\nfor evermore cause their swift drops to flow\n:\nWhose steeds are spotted deer, whose riches never fail, like\nhorses in full speed, bound to the pole in works.\n5 With brightly-flaming kine whose udders swell with milk,\nwith glittering lanceson your unobstructed paths,\nwasdirected to take with himinto the vessella whichhewas preserved at\nthetimeofthedeluge.’\n14 Ourprinces: our wealthy patrons, the institutors ofoursacrifices,\n1 Havedisclosed thehine: (giveventto its(collected)rain.’—Wilson.\n.2 Prhni's radiantlap: Priant the motherofthe Maruts, probably ‘the\nspeckled cloud,’ is, according to S&yaua, the Earth who in the form of a\nbrindledcowwasimpregnated by Rudra,\n3 With the stream's rapid ears : *Thewaves raised by thestorm may be\nregarded—as theears withwhich the stream listensto the roaring of the\nt we im tp hes st w. i’\nft\n(L hu od rsw ei sg ). onW ti hl eso sn k, ira tf st oe frS tf hl eya sn oa u, np da ir na gph (cr la os ue ds\n).;\n’<and theyrushalong\nupr po4 om npT t ah -e fg ri ivm ei ne n da ,gn ai lMn lag r thuo etf ss eth (ee wv oe rrf li dr c -s ot sn ufl pei prn oe ru tpi is o nn gn ),o tt wh ae tc el (e roa sfr /f. ereW ri ol fso sn acr rie fn id ce iar ls )i ft o: od,Th ae s\nHound to the pole in work's carrying on their appointed dutiesas horses\ndrawthechariotto whosepoletheyareharnessed. *\n5 Withbrightly-flaming hine cloudsthat emitflashes oflightning before\ntheypourdowntheir storesoffertilizingrain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 298,
            "content": ": ;\n302 THE HYMNS Of BOOK 1L\n[\n0 Maruts, of one mind, like swans who seek their nests, come\nto the rapturous enjoyment of the meath.\n6 To these our prayers, 0 Maruts, come unanimous, come ye to\nour libations like the praise of men, *\nMake it swell like a mare,in udder like acow, and for the\nsinger grace the song with plenteous strength.\n,7 Give us a steed, 0Maruts,mightyinthecar ; prevailingprayer\nthat brings remembrance day by day\nFood to your praisers, to your bard in deeds of might give\nwinning wisdom, power uninjured, unsurpassed.\n8 When the bright-chested Maruts, lavish oftheir gifts, bind at\nthe time ofbliss their horses to the cars,\nThen, as the milch-cow feeds her calf within the stalls, they\npourforth food for all oblation-bringing men.\n9 Save us, 0 Maruts, Yasus, from the injurer, the mortal foe\nwho makes us looked upon as wolves.\nWith chariot all aflame compass him round about : 0 Rudras,\ncast away the foeman's deadly bolt.\n10 Well-known, ye Maruts, isthattvondrouscourseof yours,when\ntheymilked Prism's udder, close akinto her.\nOr whento shame the bard who lauded, Rudra’s Sons, ye the\ninfallible brought Trita to decay.\n11 We call you, such, great Maruts, following wonted ways, to\nthe oblation paid to Yislinu Speeder-on.\nWith ladleslifted up, withprayer, we seekofthempreeminent,\ngolden-hued, the wealth which all extol.\n6 Likethepraise ofmen : whichattendspiousworshippers,\nMakeitswell,*make oursacred song effectual, metaphoricallyfullof milk.\nProf.M.Mullerwouldreadasvftni insteadof dsvdm : 1Fulfil (ourprayer)like\ntheudderofabarren cow.’\n7 Brings remembrance makes theGodsrememberns.\n10 Prisnihereis the firmament, and her udder is the cloud from which\ntheMaruts drew the rain. There is a very abrupt changefromthesecond\npersontothethird,from *ye’ to‘they.’\nI canmakenothing of thesecond hemistich. Wilson paraphrsesit:‘Yon\n(destroyed) the reviler ofyour worshipper, and (came), irresistible sonsof\nItudra, toTritaforthe destructionofhisenemies.’ Tritais saidbyS&yatmto\nbeaIiishi. Ludwig in his noteon thepassagetakes Trita to beaname of\nthe$oma.\n11 Vishnu Speeder-on: who runs his rapid courseround heaven. S&yana\nexplains Vishnu to mean 1the diffusivsanddesirable Soma.’ Perhaps, as\nLudwigthinks, sacrificeingeneralis intended, ofwhich Vishnuistherepre-\nsentative."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 299,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 35,] THE RIGVESA. 303\n12 They, the Dasagvas, first of all brought sacrifice : they at the\nbreak of mornings shall inspirit us.\nDawn with her purple beams uncovereth the nights, with\ngreat light glowing like a billowy sea of milk.\n13 The Rudras have rejoiced them in thegathered bands at seats\nof worship as in purple ornaments.\nThey with impetuous vigour sending down the rainhavetaken\nto themselves a bright and lovely hue.\n14 Solicitingtheirhighprotectionforour help,withthisouradora-\ntion we sing praise to them,\nWhom, for assistance, like the five terrestrial priests, Trita\nhath brought to aid us hither on his car.\n15 So may your favouring help be turned to us-ward, your kind-\nness like a lowing cow approach us,\nWherewith ye bear your servant over trouble, and free your\nworshipper from scoffand scorning.\nHYMN XXX\nY. SonofWaters.\nEager for spoil my flow of speech I utter may the Floods’\nChild accept my songs with favour. :\nWill notthe rapid Son of Waters make them lovely, for he it\nis who shall enjoy them?\n2 To him let us address the song well-fashioned, forth from the\nheart. Shall he not understand it?\nThe friendly Son of Waters by the greatness of Godhead\nhath produced all things existing.\n3 Some floods unite themselves and others join them the\n:\nsounding rivers fill one common storehouse.\nOn every side the bright Floods have encompassed the bright\nresplendent Offspring of the Waters.\n4 The never-sullen waters, youthful Maidens, carefully decking,\nwait on him the youthful.\nHe with bright rays shines forth in splendid beauty, unfed\nwith wood, in wraters, oil-enveloped.\n12 TheEas'tgvas: theMarutsareheresaid tohavebeenthefirstperformers\nofsacrifice, thetrue Dasagvas. The priestsso calledbelongedoriginally tothe\nraceorschool ofAngiras.\n14 Thesecond hemistichiBveryobscure. S&yana’sexplanation (seeWilson)\nis altogetherunsatisfactory.\n: 1 The Floods* Child: orSon oftheWaters, Ap&mnap&t, a nameofAgni as\nbornintheform of lightningfrom thewaters oftheaerialoceanorfirmament.\nMake them lovely grace them withacceptance."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 300,
            "content": "—\n: : : : 1\nm\nTEEHYMNS OF [EOOE\nIT.\n5 To him three Dames are offering food to fecvl him, Goddesses\nto the God whom none may injure.\nWithin the waters hath he pressed, as hollows, and drinks\ntheir5milk who now are first made mothers.\n6 Here was the horse’s birth his was the sunlight. Save thou\n;\nourprinces from the oppressor’s onslaught.\nHim, indestructible, dwelling at a distance in forts unwrought\nliesand ill spirits reach not.\n7 He, in whose mansion is the teeming Milch-cow, swells the\nGods nectar and eats noble viands.\nThe Sonof Waters, gathering strength inwaters, shinesfor his\nworshipper to give him treasures.\n8 He who in waters with his own pure Godhead shines widely,\nlaw-abiding, everlasting\nThe other worlds are verily his branches, and plants are born\nof him with all their offspring.\n9 The Waters5 Son hath risen, and clothed in lightningascended\nup unto the curled cloud5s bosom\n;\nAnd bearing with themhissupremestglorytheYouthful Ones,\ngold-coloured, move around him.\n10 Golden in form is he, like gold to look on, his colour is like\ngold, the Son of Waters.\nWhen he is seated fresh from golden birth-place those who\npresenttheir gold give food to feed him.\n11 This thefairnameandthisthelovelyaspectof himthe Waters5\nSon increase in secret.\nWhom here the youthful Maids together kindle, his food is\nsacred oil of golden colour.\n12 Him, nearest Friend of many, will we worship with sacrifice\nand reverence and oblation.\n5 ThreeDames lift, Sarasvati, and Bh&rati,the personifications ofsacred\nprayer andworship. Withinthewaters: Agnidweltwithinthewatersastheir\n•unbornbabe.\n6 Herewasthehorse'sbirth:theprodurxf- r:V!. 1 ' - v' .\ntheBun butthemeaningisdoubtful. T •i * '\nreferto; tbecreationof the natural ho\" .« .. .*• '\nheavenlyhorse. Hiswasthe sunlight: \\ - \\ ' . , . .\nwrought:inthepastiesofthecloudsasopposedtothestonestrongholdsofmen.\n9 The Youthful Ones ; theriversorwatersoftheaerialocean.\n10 Goldeninform whenwearingtheshapeoflightning. Thosewhopresent\ntheirgold theinstitutorsofsacriiicewho rewardthepriests.\n11 Insecret: Aplmnap&t,thecelestialAgni,increasesandgrowsstrongwith-\noutmenseeingthe process. Theterrestrial Agniiskindledandtendedby the\nsisterfingersandfed withoilorclarifiedbutter.\n12 Nearest Friendofmany lowestdown, and sonearest tomen, ofall the\nGods. Makehisbacktoshine: withbutter offeredinsacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 301,
            "content": ";: : : :\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA.\n36.]\nI make his back to shine, with chips provide him I offer food-\nand with my songs exalt him. ;\n13 The Bull hath laid his own life-germ within them. He sucks\nthem as an infant, and they kiss him. .\nHe, Son of Waters, of unfading colour, hathentered here as in\nanother’s body.\n14 While here he dwelleth in sublimest station, resplendent with\nthe rays that never perish,\nThe Waters, bearing oil to feed their offspring, flow, Youthful\nOnes, in wanderings about him.\n15 Agni, I gave good shelter to the people, and to the princes\ngoodly preparation.\nBlessed is all that Gods regard with favour. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN XXXVI. Various Gods.\nWater andmilk hath heendued, sent forth to thee the men\n:\nhave drained him with the filters an —d the stones.\nDrink, Indra, from the Hotar’s bowl first right is thine—\nSoma hallowed and poured with Vashat and SvaM.\n2 Busied with sacrifice, with spotted deer and spears, gleaming\nupon your way with ornaments, yea, our Friends,\nSitting on sacred grass, ye Sons of Bharata, drink Soma from\nthe Potar’s bowl, 0 Men of heaven.\n3 Come unto us, ye swift to listen as at home upon the sacred\n:\ngrass sit and enjoy yourselves.\nAnd, Tvashtar, well-content be joyful in the juice with Gods\nand Goddesses in gladsome company.\n13 Within them withinthewaters. The Bull apparentlyAgnihimself.\nAsinanother'sbody: thatis,fireoriginallycelestialasAp&mnap&t, hascome\ntomenas terrestrialand sacrificialfire, containedinthe woodendrill from\nwhichitis producedbyfriction.\n16 Asthe resultof myhymnstoAgni ourpeople havedwelt safely, and\nourwealthymen havebeenenabledto offerwell-conductedsacrifices.\n1 TheSoma juicehas beenpressed out with the stones, strained through\nthe filters, andthen mixed withwaterand milkbeforeitis offeredto Indra.\nThe Botar's bowl the sacred vessel held by theHotarorHotri, oneof the\nchiefofficiatingpriests.\nVashat and Sodhd, meaning respectively fmay he (Agni)bear it(tothe\nGods)’ and Ave ! or Hail ! are wordsof consecrationand blessingused when\noblations areoffered.\n2 Sons of Bharata the Maruts, sons of Rudra the Warrior. Potar\netymologically, Cleanser, thetitleofanotherofthe priests.\n20"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 302,
            "content": ";; :; : : : :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK II.\n4 Bring the Gods hither, Sage, and offer sacrifice; at the three\naltars seat thee willingly, 0 Priest.\nAcceptfor thy delightthe proffered Soma meath : drink'from\nthe Kindler’s bowl and fill thee with thy share.\n5 This is the strengthenerofthybody's manlymight : strength,\nvictory forall time are placed within thine arms.\n, Pressed forthee, Maghavan, it is offered unto thee : drink from\nthe chalice of this Brahman, drink thyfill.\n6 Accept the sacrifice\n;\nmark, both of you, my callr the Priest\nhath seated him aftertheancient texts.\nMy prayer that bids them comegoes forth to both the Kings\ndrink yethe Soma meath from the Director’s bowl.\nHYMN XXXVII. VariousGods.\nEnjoy thy fillofmeath out of the Hotar’s cup\n:\nAdhyaryus,\nhe desires a full draught poured for him.\nBring it him r seeking this he gives. Granter of Wealth,\ndrink Soma with the Ritusfrom the Hotar’s cup,\n2 He whom of old I called on, him I call on now. He is to be\ninvoked his name is He who Gives.\n;\nHere brought by priests is Soma meath. GranterofWealth,\ndrink Soma with the Ritus from the Potar’s cup.\n3 Fat may the horses be wherewith thou speedest on Lord of\n:\nthe Wood, unharming, strengthen thou thyself.\nDrawing andseizing,BoldOne,thou whograntestwealth, drink\nSoma with the Ritus from the Neshtar’s cup.\n4 From Hotar’s cup and Potar’s he hath drunk and joyed the\n:\nproffered food hathpleasedhimfromtheNeshtar’sbowl.\nThefourthcupundisturbed,immortal,lethimdrinkwhogiveth\nwealth, the cup ofthe wealth-giving God.\n.\n5 Yoke, O ye Twain, to-day your hero-bearing car, swift-moving\nhitherward yourloosing-place is here.\n:\nMix the oblations, thencome hitherwiththe meath, anddrink\nthe Soma, ye rich in abundant strength.\n4 Sage:Agui. TheKindler the Agntdh, the priest who lightsthe fire.\nThethreealtars oftheG&rhapatya, Ahavaniya, andDakshina fires.\n6 Both the Kings: Mitra andVaruna. The Director Pras&star,another\npriest,firstassistantof theHotar.\n1 AgniisaddressedasDravinod&sorWealth-giver. Adhvavyus minister-\ningpriests. TfaBitpf theSeasonsorthedeitiespresidingovertheSeasons.\nSeeI. 15.\n3 Lordof theWood Agni, regardedasthe Kingofplants. TheNeshtar's\ncup;theNeshtaristhepriestwholeadsforwardthewifeofthesacrificer.\nr5 0yeTwain Asvins,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 303,
            "content": ": .\nBYMN THE MOVED\n38.] - A. 307\n6 Agni, accept the fuel an(J our offered gift : accept theprayer of\nman, accept our eulogy.\nDo thou with all, with Ritu, 0 thou Excellent, fain, make the\ngreat Godsall fain taste the gift webring.\n#\nHYMN XXXVIII.\nSavitar.\nUprisen is Savitar, this God, to quicken, Priest who neglects\nnot this most constant duty.\nTo the Gods, verily, he gives rich treasure, and blesses him\nwho calls them to the banquet.\n2 Having gone up on high, the God broad-handed spreads his\narms widely forth that all may mark him.\nEven the waters bend them tohisservice : even this windrests\nin the circling region.\n3 Though borne by swift steeds he willyet unyoke them e’en\n:\nthe fleet chariot hath he stayed from going.\nHe hath checked e’en their haste who glide like serpents.\nNight closely followed Savitar’s dominion.\n4 Whatwasspreadout she weavesafresh, re-weaving\n:\nthe skilful\nleaves his labour half-completed.\nHe hath arisen from rest, andparted seasons : Savitar hath\napproached, God, holy-minded.\n5 Through various dwellings, through entire existence, spreads,\nmanifest, the household light of Agni.\nThe Mother gives her Son the goodliest portion, and Savitar\nhath sped to meet his summons.\nRit6 uW ii nt th heal tl e, xw tit ih si)R nit tu he: st ih ne gum le aa rn ni un mg bi es r, .apparently*, with allthe Ritus ;but\n1 Toquicken: themeaningofSavitar, as anameofthe Sun,beingthegreat\ngeneratororvivifier.Priest:vdhnih;or,perhaps,thesupporter,or,theluminous.\n3 Theirhaste whoglide likeserpents the speed of the fleet-footed horses\nwho drawthechariotoftheSun.\n4 Themeaningofthisstanza isobscure. I havegivenwhat appearstobe\nthesenseofthe wordsasthey stand, buttheverse, as awhole,isscarcelyin-\ntelligible. Wilson, following S&yana, paraphrasesit thus : \"She(Night), en-\nwrapstheextended (world)like (awoman) weaving (agarment) : theprudent\nmanlays asidethework he is able (toexecute)inthemidst(of hislabour):\nbutallspringup(fromrepose)whenthedivine,unwearied Sun,whohasdivid-\nedtheseasons, againappears/ Roth takes ardniatih, which X haverendered\nbyholy-minded, as a substantive, the Genius of Devotion, and translates :\n\"Againhad theWeaver(Aramati) drawn in whatshehadspun out (theweb\nortissueofdevotionandsacrifice),thedevoutmanhadleftoffinthemidstof.\nhistask(attheapproach ofnight) thenAramatiarisesanewandarrangesthe\ns \"ea hso Tn hs e: Mt oh te hed ri :vin Xe JsS ha av sit oa rr Dis awpr nes;e an st si( gi n, se. tm oo hr en rin Sog nre At gu nr ins t) h/ e Agnihotrarite\ntw hh eic ch eri es mp oe nr yfo ar fm tee rd ta ht e:d la iy gh- tb ir ne gak o, fa tn hedS sa av cri it fa ir c, iao lr fit rh e.e ri Ts hi ung sS Au gn n, ii is sp hr oe ns oen ut rea dt,\nbydeifiesinheavenaswellas by men on earth,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 304,
            "content": ": ;\n^308 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IT.\n6 He comes again, unfolded, fain for conquest at home washe,\n:\nthe love of all things moving.\nEach man hath come leaving hisevil doings, after the Godlike\nSavitay’s commandment.\n7 The wild beasts spread through desert places seeking their\nwatery share which thou hast set in waters.\nThe woods are given to the birds. These statutes of the God\nSavitar none disobeyeth.\n8 With utmost speed, in restless haste at sunset Varuna seeks\nhis wateryhabitation.\nThen seeks each birdhis nest, each beasthislodging. In due\nplace Savitar hath set each creature.\n9 Him whose high law notVaruna nor Indra, not Mitra, Arya-\nman, nor Rudra breaketh,\nNor evil-hearted fiends, here for my welfare him I invoke,\nGod Savitar, with worship.\n10 May they who strengthen bliss, and thought and wisdom, and\nthe Dames’ Lord and Narasansa aid us.\nThat good may come to us and wealth be gathered, may we\nbe Savitar the God’s beloved.\n11 So come to us ourhearts’ desire, the bountybestowedbythee,\nfrom heaven and earth and waters,\nThat it be well with friends and those who praise thee, and,\nSavitar, with theloud-lauding singer.\nHYMN XXXIX.\nAsvins,\nSing like the two press-stones for this same purpose come\n;\nlike two misers to the tree of treasure\nLike two laud-singing Brahmans in the assembly, like the\nfolk’s envoys called in many places.\n.\nJ 6 Hecomesagain: Agni,re-kindledinthemorning,resumeshisfullpower.\nHe, whom alllivingbeingslove, waspresent, butlatent, duringthenight,\n‘ 7Savitarprovidesforthewildbeastsofthedesertandforthebirdsoftheair.\n8 Though not generally regarded in the Vedaas the God of the ocean,\nVarunaisyetfrequentlyconnected withthewaters, eitherofthefirmament\norofearth.\n10 Theywhostrengthen bliss: the Gods ingeneral. TheDames' Lord: the\nguardianoftheconsortsofthe Gods, Tvashtar, who isgenerally represented\nas attendingorattendedbythem.\n*\nNardsansa\n;\n‘thePraiseofMen/ anameofAgni.\n1 Inthishymn theAsvinsare compared to anumber ofobjects, animate\nandinanimate,inmanyofwhichtheonlypointofresemblanceisduality.\ny$inglikethetwopress-stones mayyourauspiciousbrightnessasyouapproach\nrpftclear astheringingsoundof thepress-stones,andmaysimilarblessings\nrewardthe worshippers. '"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 305,
            "content": "; : ;\nHYMN THE R1QVEDA. 309\n40.]\n2 Moving at morning like two car-borne heroes, like to a pairof\nLikg eoa tt ws oye faic ro dm ae me el sec et mi bn eg l; lishing their% bodies, likea wisemar-\nried pair among the people.\n3 Like to a pair of horns come first to us-ward, like to a pair of\nhoofs with rapid motion\nCome like two Chakwas in the grey of morning, come liketwo\nchariot wheels at dawn, ye Mighty.\n4 Bear ns across the rivers like two vessels, save us as ye were\nyokes, naves, spokes, and fellies.\nBe like two dogs that injure not our bodies preserve us, like\n;\ntwo crutches, that we fall not.\n5 Like two winds ageing not, two confluent rivers, come with\nquick visionlike two eyes before us.\nCome like two hands most helpful to the body, and guide us\nlike two feet to what is precious.\n6 Even as two lips that with the mouth speak honey, even as\ntwo breasts that nourish our existence,\nLike the two nostrils that protect our being, be to us as our\nears that hear distinctly.\n7 Like two hands give ye us increasing vigour like heaven and\n;\nearth constrain the airy regions.\nAsvins, these hymnsthatstruggle to approach you, sharpen ye\nlikean axe upon a whetstone.\n8 These prayers of ours exalting you, 0 Asvins, have the Gritsa-\nmadas, for a laud, made ready.\nWelcome them, 0 ye Heroes, and oome’hither. Loudmay we\nspeak, with brave^men, in assembly.\nHYMN\nXL. Somaand Ptishan.\nSoma andPushan, Parents of all riches, Parents of earth and\nParents of high heaven,\nLike twomisers tothe tree of treasure : as misers come todig upthegold\ntheyhaveburiedatthefootofatree, socomeye to thelibation madeof the\njuiceofthepreciousSomaplant.Thefolk'senvoys:themessengerswhomtheina-\ntitutorsofsacrificessendtothepriestswhentheywishto.securetheirservices.\n2 Yecomeelecting; to choose and accepttheofferingsmade.\n3 Ghahwds the Chakravftka, orasit isnow called in Hindi, the ChakwA,\nis abirdfrequentlymentionedinlaterpoetryasatypeofloveandconstancy.\nThe malebirdand hismatearecondemnedtospendtheirnightson opposite\nbanks of ariver, and are allowed to meetagain in theearly morning. The\nEnglishname ofthebird isBrahmany duck. Chakw& isproperly themale\nbird, and Chakwithefemale.\n1 Soma •'addressedin thishymn isthe Godwhorepresentsand animates\nthejuiceofthe Somaplant. SeeI. 18. 4.\nPUshan asolardeitywhoprotectsandmultipliescattleandotherproperty,\nSee I, 42."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 306,
            "content": ": :\nmn urum\n3i'o op [book tt\nYou Twain, brought forth asthe whole worlds protectors, the\nGodshave made Centre of life eternal.\n2 At,birth of these two Gods all Gods are joyful : they have\ncaused darkness, which we hate, to vanish.\nWith these, with Soma and with Pushan, Indra generates ripe\nwarm milk in the raw milch-cows.\n3 Soma and Pushan, urge your chariothither, the seven-wheeled\ncar that measures out the region,\nThat stirs not all, that movesto every quarter, five-reined and\nharnessed by the thought, ye Mighty.\n4 One in the heaven on high hath madehis dwelling, on earth\nand in thefirmament the other.\nMay they disclose to us great store of treasure, much-longed-\nfor, rich in food, source of enjoyment.\n5 One of youTwain is Parent ofall creatures, theotherjourneys\nonward all-beholding.\nSoma and Pushan, aid my thought withfavour withyou may\n:\nwe overcome in all encounters.\n6 May Pushan stir our thought, the all-impelling, may Soma\nLord of riches grant us riches.\nMay Aditi the perfect Goddess aid us. Loud may we speak,\nwith heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN\nXLT. VariousDeities.\n0 VAyu, come to us with all the thousand chariots that are\nthine,\nw •’ Team-borne, to drink the Soma juice.\n2 Drawn by thy team, 0 Vayu, come tothee is offered this,\n;\n• thepure:\nThouvisitest the presser’s house.\n.\n3 Indra and Vayu, drawn by teams, ye Heroes, come to-dayand\ndrink\n\\\nOf the bright juice when blent with milk.\n2 Pipewarmmilk: seeI. 62. 9.\n3 Thatstirsnotall:thatmovesandinfluencesthehighestbeingsonly.\n4 Oneinthe heavenonhigh Pushan, asacelestial God. Theother Soma,\nwho dwellsonearthinplants, andinthefirmamentastheMoon.\nf\n- 5 Oneofyou: Soma. Withallusion, perhaps, tothelibationsofSomajuice\nwhich producetherainuponwhichtheproductionandgrowthof allcreatures\ndepend. Alkbeholding; asasolar deity, ortheSun.\n1 V&yu, theGodofwind, is addressed inthe first,two stanzas. In those\n' thatfoilow thepoet,invokesIndra andVfiyu, MitraandVaruna,the Asvins,\nIndra1 , theVifjvedevas, Sarasvati, and Heaven andEarth* * <\nfi"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 307,
            "content": "!: : ; -\nm\nTm\nMYMtf UtGVEDA.\n41.]\n4 This Soma hath been shed for you, Law-strengtheners, Mitra-\nYaruna\nListen ye here to this my call.\n5 Both Kings >v:ho never injureaught seat them‘in theirsuprem-\n^esFHome,\nThe thousand-pillared, firmly-based.\n6 Fedwithoblation, SovranKings, Adityas, Lordsof liberalgifts,\nThey wait on him whose life is true.\n7 With kine, Nksatyas, and with steeds, come, Asvins, Rudras,\nto the house\nThat will protect its heroes well\n8 Such, wealthy Gods as none afar nor standing nigh to us\n!\nmay harm,\nYea, no malicious mortal foe.\n9 As such, O longed-for Asvins, lead us on to wealth of varied\nsort,\nWealth that shall bring us room and rest.\n10 Verily Indra, conquering all, drivethe’en mighty fear away,\nFor firm is he and swift to act.\n11 Indra be gracious unto us sin shall not reach us afterward,\n:\nAnd good shall be before us still.\n12 From all the regions of the world let Indra send security,\nThe foe-subduer, swift to act.\n13 0 all ye Gods, come hitherward : hear this mine invocation,\nseat\nYourselvesupon this sacred grass,\n14 Among the Sunahotras strong for you is thissweetgladdening\ndrau'ght\nDrink ye of this delightsome juice.\n15 Ye Maruts led by Indra, Gods with P&shan for your bounte-\nousest,\nHear all of you this call of mine.\n«/l6 Best Mother, best of Rivers, best of Goddesses, Sarasvati,\nWe are, as ’twere, of no repute dear Mother, give thou us\n:\nrenown.\n14 Among theSunahotras: thefamilyofwhichDritsamada,theKishiof the\nhymn,wasamember. Cf. II. 18. 6,note.\n15 WithPH&hanforyourbounteomest thatis, amongwhomPushan isthe\nm Po hss ht al ni .beralgiverofgoodgifts ; orthe meaningmaybe, whosebenefactor Is\n,\n16 Sarasvati; see I. 3. 10."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 308,
            "content": ":\n312 THE HYMNSOF [BOOK IL\n17 In thee, Sarasvati, divine, all generations have their stay.\nBe glad with SunahotraJs sons\n:\n0 Goddess grant us progeny,\n18 Enriched with sacrifice, acceptSarasvati,theseprayers of ours,\nThoughtswhichGritsamadasbelovedof Godsbring, Holy One,\nto thee.\n19 Ye who bless sacrifice, go forth, for verily we choose youboth,\nAnd Agni who conveys our gifts.\n20 This oureffectual sacrifice, reaching thesky, shallHeavenand\nEarth\nPresent unto the Gods to-day.\n21 In both your laps, ye guileless Ones, the Holy Gods shall sit\nthem down\nTo-day to drink the Soma here.\nHYMN\nXLII. Kapinjala.\nTelling his race aloud with cries repeated, he sends his voice\nout as his boat a steersman.\n0 Bird, be ominous of happy fortune from no side may\n;\ncalamity befall thee.\n2 Let not the falcon kill thee, nor the eagle : let not the arrow-\nbearing archer reach thee.\nStill cryinginthe region oftheFathers, speak hereauspicious,\nbearing joyful tidings.\n3 Bringing goodtidings, Birdofhappyomen, callthououtloudly\nsouthward of our dwellings,\nSo that no thief, no sinner may oppress us. Loud may we\nspeak, with heroes, in assembly.\nHYMN\nXLIII. Kapinjala.\nHere on the right sing forthchantersof hymnsof praise, even\nthe winged birds that in due seasonspeak.\n19 Ye who bless sacrifice: according to Sflyana, the two havirdMnas or\nvehiclesonwhichthe Soma and other offeringsareput, and which are sup-\nposed to represent Heaven and Earth, are addressed. Itismorelikely, as\nLudwigsuggests,thatAgniandthehumanpriestareintended. (We choose\nyouboth, thee, thehumanpriest,andAgnithe God.’\nThisHymn is said to he addressed to Indra in the formof a kapinjala,\nthebirdwhichwecalltheFrancoline partridge.\n1 He : thekapinjala.\n2 Inthe region of the Fathers towards the quarter where the Fathers\nPitaras,orspiritsofdeceasedancestorsdwell,thatis, the south, the cry of\nbirdsfromthatquarterbeingregardedasauspicious.\nThisHymn issaidtobeaddressed,likethe preceding,to Indraintheform\nofakapinjalaorFrancoline partridge."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 309,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN ’ THE RIGVEDA. M.%\n43,]\nHe, like a Sama-chanter utters both the notes, skilled in the\nmode of Trishtup and of Gayatri.\n2 Thou like the chanter-priest chantest the Sima, Bird ; thou\nsingest at libations like a Brahman’s son. *\nEven as a vigorous horse when he comes near the mare, an-\nnounce to us good fortune, Bird, on every side, proclaim in\n.\nall directions happy luck, 0 Bird.\n3 When singinghere, 0 Bird, announce good luck to us, and\nwhen thou sittest still think on us with kind thoughts.\nWhen flying oif thou singest thou art like a lute.\nWith brave sons in assembly may we speak aloud.\n^\n1 Sdma-chanter the Udg&tar, one ofthefourchief priestswhose duty is\ntochantthehymns of the Siimaveda. Both the notes * a high and amiddle.\nTrishtup themeasureconsistingofforty-foursyllablesin averse or stanza ;\nfourP&das or demi-hemistichs ofeleven syllables each. Gdyatrt themeasure\nconsisting of twenty-foursyllables in a stanza, three lines of eightsyllables\neach, orone line ofsixteenandone ofeight.\nthe2 sA amB era ah sma tn h' es Bs ro &n hm: at th ie &cB hr ca hh hm aa np su it ,ra on, eor ofBr ta hh em sa in x- tp er ei nes pt r’ is ests so ,n, wis hs oai rd et co itb ee s?\nthe mantrathatiBnotto besung orchanted."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 310,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 311,
            "content": ":\nBOOK THE THIRD.\nHYMN\nI. Agni.\nThou, Agni, whowilthavethestrong, hastmademethe Soma’s\npriest, to worship in assembly.\nThou shinest to the Gods, I set the press-stones. I toil ; he\njoyful in thyself, 0 Agni.\n2 East have we turned the rite may the hymn aid it. With\n;\nwood and worship shall they honour Agni.\nFrom heaven the synods of the wise have learnt it: e’en for\nthe quick and strong they seek advancement.\n3 The Prudent, he whose will is pure, brought welfare, allied by\nbirth to Heaven and Earth in kinship.\nThe Gods discovered in the midst of waters beautiful Agni\nwith the Sisters’ labour.\nHim, Blessed One, the Seven strong Floods augmented, him\n4r\nwhite at birth and red when waxen mighty.\nAs mother mares run to their new-born youngling, so at his\nbirth the Gods wondered at Agni-\nTheHymnsof BookIII. are ascribedto theRishi Visv&mitraorto mem-\nbersofhisfamily. Visv&mitra holdsanimportant place in Indian tradition,\naccordingtowhichhewas born aKshatriya,butby thevirtue of his intense\nausteritiesraisedhimselftotheBrahmancaste. Therivalry betweenVisyamitra\nandtheRishiVasishtliais alluded to in many passages of the Rigveda, and,\ni lt ati es rt sh to oru ig eh st ot nh ta ht eas suc ba js et ce td oi fst ti hn ic st ri io vn as lh ryad mn ao yta ht avt ehat rest ti em de ob nec ao Vm ee dif cixe ld e, get nh de\nwhichsaysthatKingSudas,havingemployedVasishthaashisdomesticpriest,\nallowedonvariousoccasionsVisv&mitraalsotoofficiate, which ledtojealousies\nand quarrelbetweenthesetwo functionaries. Thestory ofVisv&imtraistold\natfulllengthin theMmdyana, I. 51—55, (Schlegel’s edition, and Griffiths\n•\ntranslation).\nThefirstandelevenfollowing hymnsareascribedtoVisvamitrahimself,\n1 Basthave weturned therite—towards theregion of the Gods ; ‘wehave\nperformedasuccessful sacrifice.’ Wilson.\n«th2 eT qh ue icq ku ,i oc rk ca ln ed ver’str mo ang y: mA eg an ni, tha ecc po rr id ei stn ,gt ao ndS& £y ta hn ea. strL ou nd gw ’i tg hes wu ag rg re is ot rs ,t th na et\nMaghavanorinstitutorofthesacrifice.\nWit3 h,T th he eP Sr iu sd tee rn s't la al bl o- uk rn :ow ti hn eg mA eg ani n, ins gon isof nH otea dv ee an r,and LuE da wr it gh -. suggests upan\ninsteadofapdsi finthe sisters’ bosom,’ in thedepthof thesisterrivers.. _•\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 312,
            "content": ": ; ; ;;\n318 THE HYMNS OF [BOOH III\n5 Spreading with radiant limbs throughout the region, purging\nhis power with wise purifications,\nRobing himself in light, the life ofwaters, he spreads abroad\nhis|dgh and perfect glories.\n6 He sought heaven’s Mighty Ones, the Unconsuming, the un-\nimpaired, not clothed and yet not naked.\nThenthey,ancientandyoung, whodwell together, Sevensound-\ning Rivers, as one germ received him.\n7 His piles, assuming everyfoi«m, arescatteredwhere flow sweet\nwaters, at the spring of fatness\nThere stood the milch-kine with full-laden udders, and both\npaired Mighty Mothers of the Wondrous.\n8 Carefully cherished, Son of Strength, thou shonest assuming\nlastingand refulgent beauties.\nFull streams of fatnessandsweet juice descended, there where\nthe Mighty One grew strong bywisdom.\n9 From birth he knew even his Father’s bosom, heset his voices\nand his streams in motion\nKnew himwho moved with b; lessed Friends in secret, with the\nyoung Dames of heaven. He stayed not hidden.\n10 He nursed the Infant of the Sire and Maker : alone the Babe\nsucked many a teeming bosom.\nGuard, forthe Bright and Strong, the fellow-spouses friendly\nto men aud bound to him inkinship.\n11 The Mighty One increased in space unbounded full many a\n;\nglorious flood gave strength to Agni. .\nFriend of the house, within the lap of Order lay Agni, in the\nSister Rivers’ service.\n6 Heaven*smighty Ones; the watersabovethefirmament, the seven rivers\nof thenexthemistich. Notclothedandyet notnaked havingonlythelucid\nwatersforrobes.\n7 His piles: the heaped clouds. Springoffatness theplace whencethe\nfertilizingrainflows. Themilch-kinealsoaretheladenclouds,andthepaired\nMightyMothersareHeavenandEarth,theparentsoftheWondrousAgni,\n9 HisFather'sbosom: hisfather, accordingto S&yaua, is thefirmament\nhutasthefirmamentisnotrepresentedintheVedaasaGod, Dyaus, orTyash-;\ntar,isprobablyintended, asLudwigsuggests.\nThe blesshdFriendsmustbetheRibhus,andtheyoungDanes the Gn&s or\nconsortsoftheGods. Hestayed not hidden ; refers not to Agni buttohis\nfather, Tvashtar.\n10 He ; thefather. Manyaswelling bosom : ofthecelestialWaters.\nTheBrightandStrong Agni. Thefellow-spouses; Heaven and Earth, or\nNightandMorning.\n31 IntheSisterFivers' service orintheirbosom,ifupasimayberead for"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 313,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 1.] TBE RIGVEDA. 317\n12 As keen supporter where great waters gather, light-shedder\nwhom the brood rejoice to look on\nHe who begat, and will beget, the da; wn-lights, most manly,\nChild of Floods, is youthful Agni.\n13 Him, varied in hisform, the lovely Infant of floodsand plants\nthe bless&d wood hath gendered.\nGods even, moved in spirit, came around him, and served him\nat his birth, the Strong, the Wondrous.\n14 Like brilliant lightnings, mighty luminaries accompany the\nlight-diffusing Agni,\nWaxen, as 71were in secret, in his dwelling, while in the\nboundless stall they milk out Amrit.\n15 I sacrificing serve thee with oblations and crave with longing\nthy good-will and friendship.\nGrant, with the Gods, thy grace to him who lauds thee, pro-\ntect us with thy raysthat guard the homestead.\n16 May we, 0 Agni, thouwho leadest wisely, thy followers and\nmasters of all treasures,\nStrong in the glory of our noble offspring, subdue the godless\nwhen they seek the battle,\n17 Ensign of Gods hast thou become, 0 Agni, joy-giver, knower\nof all secret wisdom.\nFriend of the homestead, thou hast lightened mortals car-\n:\nbjrne thou goest to the Gods, fulfilling,\n18 Within the house hath sate the King Immortal of mortals,\nfilling full their sacred synods.\nBedewedwith holy oil he shineth widely, Agni, the knower of\nall secret wisdom.\n19 Come unto us with thine auspicious friendship, come speeding,\nMighty, with thy mighty succours.\nGrant us abundant wealth that saves from danger, that brings\na goodrepute, a glorious portion.\n20 To thee who art of old these songs, 0 Agni, have I declared,\nthe ancient and the later.\nThesegreat libations to the Strong are offered in every birth\n:\nis Jatavedas stablished.\n11 32 T Th heeb blr eo so sd bd: wp oa or dexc oe nll een oc fe , tht ehe fih ro es -t stio ef ksMa br yut ws h. ich Agniiskindled.\n14 Theboundlessstall limitlessaerialspace. Amrit water, according to\nS&yana.\n17 Thougoest to the Gods,fulfilling: completing oursacrifices andmaking\nthem effectual.\ndas20 stS abo ln ig ss he: dl :it Aer ga nl ily, wb hi ort kh ns o;wsth aa lt li ls i, fepr iaod au pc pt oi io nn ts e.\nd\nI in\nn\ne ev ve ery rybir gt eh nei rs atJ id ot nave a-\na\nthegreathighpriestwho mediatesbetween Godsandmen."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 314,
            "content": ": : : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK UL\n318-\n21 Stablishe4 in every birth is J&tavedas, kindled perpetual by\nthe Visvamitras.\nMay we rest ever in the loving-kindness, in the auspicious\ngraceof him the Holy.\n2,2 This sacrifice of ours do thou, 0 Mighty, 0 truly Wise, bear\nto the Gods rejoicing.\nGrant us abundant food, thou priestly Herald, vouchsafe to\ngiveus ample wealth, OAgni.\n23 As holy food, Agni, to thine invoker give wealth in cattle,\nlasting, rich inmarvels.\nTo us be born a son, and spreading offspring. Agni, be this\nfchy gracious will tp us-ward,\nHYMN\nII. Agni.\nTo him, Yaisvanara, who strengthens Holy Law, to Agni we\npresent our praise like oil made pure.\nWiththoughtful insight human priests bring him anear, our\nHerald from of old, as an axe forms a car.\n2 He made theheaven andearthresplendentbyhisbirth Child\n:\nof two Mothers he was meet to be implored,\nAgni, oblation-bearer, gracious, ever-young, infallible, rich in\nradiant light, the guest of men.\n3 Within the range of their surpassing power, by might, the\nGods created Agni with inventive thought.\nI, eager to win strength, address him, like asteed, resplendent\nwith his brilliance, with his ample light.\n4 Eagertogain, we crave from him the friendly God strength\nconfident, choice-worthy, meet to be extolled :\nThe Bhrigus’ bounty, willing, strong with sages’ lore, even'\nAgni shining forth with light that comes from heaven.\n5 For happiness, men, having trimmed the sacred grass, set\nAgni glorious for his sti’ength before them here\nYea, with raised ladles, him bright, dear to all the Gods,\nperfecting aims of works, Budra of solemn rites.\n1 Vaisvdnam Agni who belongs to all men ; the God of all Aryan\nfamilies.\nOurpraise literally ‘thewish/ explainedbySayanaasstutim,thatisthe\npraisewhichthouwishestforandwhichwenowoffer,*\n% ChildoftwoMothers: of HeavenandBarth,orof thetwofire-sticks.\n4 TheBhrigm’bounty Agni, the treasure which the Bhrigua received-\nfromM&fcarisvanandbestowedonothermen.\n1£ Fudra; hereasynonym*of Agni, SeeI,27. 10,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 315,
            "content": ": : :: : ; :\nHYMN XI.] THE RIGVEDA, 310\n6 Around thy dwelling-place, O brightly-shining Priest, are men\nat sacrifice whose sacred grassis trimmed.\nWishing to do thee service, Agni, they are there, desirous of\nthy friendship grant them store of wealth.\n:\n7 Hehath filled heaven and earth and thegreat realm of light,\nwhen at his birth the skilful held- himin their hold.\nHe like a horse isl'ed( forth to the sacrifice, Sagey.graciously\ninclined, that he may win us strength.\n8 Honour the oblation-bearer, him who knows fair rites, serve\nye the Household Friendwhoknowsall things that be.\nHe drives the chariot of the lofty ordinance Agni most\n:\nactive, isthe great High Priest of Gods.\n9 They who are free from death, fain for him, purified three\nsplendours of the mighty Agni, circlingall.\nTo man, for bis enjoyment, one of these they gave ; the other\ntwo have passed into thesistersphere.\n10 Man’s sacrificial food hath sharpened like an axe,, for bright-\nness, him the Sage of men, the people’s Lord.\n13\nBusied with sacredriteshe mountsand hedescends^ Hehath\nlaid down hisvital germ within these worlds.\n11 He stirs with lifein wombs (dissimilar in kind, born as a Lion\nor a loudly-bellowing Bull\nVaisvanara immortal with wide-reaching might, bestowing\ngoods and wealth on him who offers gifts.\n12 Vaisvanara, as of old, mounted tlie cope of heaven, heaven's\nridge, well greeted, by those skilled in noble songs.\nHe, as ofold, producingriches for the folk, still watchful, tra-\nverses the common way again.\nFornewprosperitywe seekto Agni, him whosecourse issplen-\ndid, gold-haired, excellently bright,\nWhom Matarisvan stablished, dwellerin the heaven, meet for\nhigh praise and holy, sage and true to Law.\n7 He Agni. The skilful thepriests.\n3 Hedrivesthechariot heistheleaderof sacrificeordainedbyholylaw.\n0 Theywho are free from death; theimmortal Gods. Threesplendours\nwithreferencetohis appearanceastheSun,the lightning, and domestic fire,\nthelastof whichisgiventoman as his ownspecialpossession.\n10 Withinthese,worlds thegermoffireis alwayslatent inthe fire-sticks\nortwopiecesofwoodwhichareemployedtoproducetheflame.\n11 Born asaLion:destructiveandvoracious,andasaloudly-bellowingBull ,\nwithreference tohis strengthand theroarofhis fiames.\n12 Thecommon way the pathof the Gods,which as-the-Sunhe travel*\nover."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 316,
            "content": ": : : ; \\\n320 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK III\nH\nAs pare and swift of course, beholder of the light, who stands\nin heaven's bright sphere a sign, who wakes at dawn,\n—\nAgni, the head of heaven, whomnone mayturn aside tohim\nthe Powerfulwith mighty prayer we seek.\nT5 ThecheerfulPriest, thepure, inwhomno guileisfound, Friend\nof the House, praise-worthy, dear to all ma —nkind,\nFail* tobeholdforbeautylikea splendid car, AgnitheFriend\nof men we ever seek for wealth.\nHYMN\nIII. Agni.\nTo him who shines afar, VaisvUnai'a, shall bards give precious\nthings that he may go on certain paths\n:\nFor Agni the Immortal servesthe Deities, and thereforenever\nbreaks their everlasting laws.\n2 He, wondrous envoy, goes betweenthe earthand heaven, firm-\nseated as theHerald, great High Priest of men.\nHe compasseth with rays the lofty dwelling-place, Agni, sent\nforwardby the Gods, enriched with prayer.\n3 Sages shall glorify Agni with earnestthoughts, ensignof sacri-\nfice, who fills the synod full ;\nIn whom the singers have stored up their holyacts to him\n:\nthe worshipper looks for joy and happiness.\n4 The Sireofsacrifice, greatGodofholybards, Agni, themeasure\nand the symbol of the priests,\nHath entered heaven and earth that show invaried form the\nSage whom many love rejoicefch in his might. :\n5 BrightAgniwiththebrightcar, Lordofgreendomains, Yaisva-\nnaradweller in thefloods, who finds the light,\nPervading, swift and wild, encompassed round with powers,\nhim very glorious have the Gods established here,\n6 Agni, together with the Gods and Manu's folk by thought ex-\ntending sacrifice in varied form,\nGoes, car-borne, toand frowith thosewho crown eaoh rite, the\nfleet, the Household Friend, who turns the curse aside.\n14 Whowakesatdawn whenre-kindledforthemorningsacrifice.\n1 Thathemaygooncertainpaths may constantlyvisitmen,\n2 Theloftydwelling-place:thehallorchamberinwhichsacrificeiscelebrated.\n5 Lordofgreendomains : whohasdominionoverbushesandtrees.\nQo6 dsT wo ha ond maf kro\ne\nsab ce rt ifw ie ce en efh fe eca tv ue aln .andearth. <$'hoxcwho crowneach rite the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 317,
            "content": "; ::\nHYMN 4.] TUB RIGVEDA, 321\n7 Sing, Agni, for long life to usand noble sons teem thou with\n:\nplenty, shine upon us store of food.\nIncrease the great man’s strength, thou ever-vigilant thou,\n:\nlonging for the Gods, knowest their hymns full well.\n£ The Mighty One, Lord of the people and their guest, the\nleader of their thoughts, devoted Friend of priests,\n.Our solemn rites’ announcer, Jatavedas, men with worship\never praise, with urgings for their weal.\n9 Agni the God resplendent, giver of great joy, hath on his\nlovely car compassed the lands with might.\nLet us with pure laudations in his house approach the high\nlaws of the nourisher of multitudes.\nH> I celebrate thy glories, 0 Vaisvanara, wherewith thou, 0 far-\nsighted God, hast found the light.\nThou filledst atthy birth both worlds, ;the earth and heaven\n:\nall this, 0 Agni, hast hhou compassed of thyself.\nI’l By his great skill the Sage alone hath brought to pass a great\ndeed, mightier th$,n Vaisv&nara’s wondrous acts.\nAgni sprang into being, magnifying both his Parents, Heaven\nand Earth, rich in prolific seed.\nHYMN\nIV. Apris.\nBe friendly with each kindled log of fuel, with every flash\nbestow theboon of riches.\nBring thou the Gads, O God, unto our worship : serve, well-\ninclined, as Friend thy friends, 0 Agni.\n2 Agni whom daily Varuiia and Mitra the Gods bring thrice a\nday to this our worship,\nTanunapat, enrich with meath our service that dwells with\nholy oil, that offers honour.\n7 Thegreatman'$strength the strength of theeminent man whoisthe\ninstitutorof thesacrifice.\n—\n# Approach thehigh laws performthesacrifices. M. Muller,\n11 The first hemistich of this stanza is somewhat obscure. S&yana’s\nparaphrase as given by Wilson is : ‘From acts that are acceptable to\nVaisvanaracomes great (wealth) forhe, thesage (Agni) alone,bestows(the\n;\nreward)of zeal in (theperformance of) hisworship.’\nThe Apriswho aresaidtobe thedeities of this hymn arethe divine or\ndeified beings and objects to which t1’' -yversesare addressed.\nT thh ee h py rem cu e, dia ns gWi al ds do rn esr se em dar tk os, th* eis\"m Apo rr ie s,. ex^ cepti Sft»\nkta\nIo Ib Is ,cu or fe tt hh ean Sa en cy ono df\nMandala[II. 3.], to which itbearsthenearestanalogy : theyare both perhaps\nof somewhatlaterdatethantheothers.’\n2 TanUnapdt aname of Agni ; *Child of Thyself/ SeeX. 12, 2."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 318,
            "content": "I\n: ; :\n322 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK II\n3 The thought thatbringeth every boon proeeedeth to worship\nfirst the Priest of the libation,\nThat we may greet the Strong One with oifrhomage. Urged,\nmayhe bring theGods, bestSacrificer.\n4 On high\"your way to sacrifice was made ready the radiant\n;\nflames went upward to the regions.\nFull in the midst of heaven the Priest is seated : strew we\nthe sacred grass where Gods may rest them.\n5 Claimingin mind the seven priests’ burnt-oblations, inciting\nall, they came in settled order.\nTo this our sacrifice approach the many who show in hero\nbeauty at assemblies.\n6 Night and Dawn, lauded, hither come together, both smiling,\ndifferent are their forms in colour,\nThatYanina and Mitra may accept us, and Indra, girt by\nMaruts, with his glories.\n7 I crave the grace of heaven’s two chief Invokers the seven\n:\nswiftsteeds joy in their wonted maimer.\n10\nThese speak of truth, praising the truth eternal, thinking on\nOrder as the guards of Order.\n8 May Bharat! with all her Sisters, I]a accordant with the Gods,\nwith mortals Agni,\nSarasvat!withall herkindred Rivers, cometo thisgrass, Three\nGoddesses, and seat them.\n9 Well pleased with us do thou 0 God, 0 Tvashtar, give ready\nissue to our procreant vigour,\nWhence springs*the hero, powerful, skilled in action, lover of\nGods, adjuster of the press-stones.\nSend to the Gods the oblation, Lord of Forests; andlet the\nImmolator, Agni, dress it.\nHe as thetruerPriestshall offerworship, forthe Gods’genera-\ntions well he knoweth.\n4 Yourway '; apathforAgniandthe Barkisor sacredgrass,theGodand\nthedeifiedobjectaddressedinthestanza.\nIn themidstof heaven in the centre of the radiant hall of sacrifice, as\nS&yanaexplainsit.\n5 Thisstanzarefersto thedeified doorsof thehall of sacrifice,andtothe\ndeitieswhopresideoverthem.\n7 Heaven'stwochief Invokers Agniand perhaps Yanina. SeeI. 13.8.\nThesevenswiftsteeds; sevenministeringpriests.\n8 Bhdrati, lid, andSarasvatiareGoddessespresidingoverdifferentdepart-\nmentsofreligiousworship. SeeI. 13. 9. ThenameofAgniisinsertedsome-\nwhatuiieoimectedly.\niss1 a0 idLo tord beof aF fo ore rs mts of.* AV ga nn ia .spati,alargetree ; herethesacrificialpostwhich\nTruerPriest ascompared with humanpriests,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 319,
            "content": ": ;: : : : !\nHYMN 5.] THE RIGVEDA. 323\n11 Come thou to us, 0 Agni, duly kindled, together With the\npotent Gods and Indra.\nOn this our grass sit Aditi, happy Mother, and let our Hail\ndelight the GodsImmortal.\nHYMN\nV. Agni.\nAgni who shines against the Dawns is wakened, the holy\n4 Singer who precedes the sages.\nWith far-spread lustre, kindled by the pious, the Priest hath\nthrown both gates of darkness open.\n2 Agni hath waxen mighty by laudations, to be adored with\nhymns of those who praise him.\nLovingthevariedshowsofholyOrderatthe firstflush ofdawn\nhe shines as envoy.\n3 Amid men’s homes hath Agni been established, fulfilling with\nthe Law, Friend, germ of waters.\nLoved and adored, the height he hath ascended, the Singer,\nobject of our invocations.\nAgni is Mitra when enkindled duly, Mitra as Priest, Varuna,\nJatavedas\nMitra as active minister and House-Friend, Mitra of flowing\nrivers and of mountains.\n5 The Earth’s, the Bird’sdearloftyplace he guardeth, heguard-\neth in his might the course of Surya,\nGuardeth theSeven-headedinthe centre, guardethsublimethe\nDeities’ enjoyment.\n6 The skilful God who knowsall forms of knowledge made for\nhimself a fair form, meet for worship.\nThis Agni guards with care that never ceases the Soma’s skin,\nthe Bird’s place rich in fatness.\nII Happy Mother literally, havingexcellentsons, theAdityas.\n1 Whoshines againstthe Dawns rekindledforthe morningsacrifices.\nWhoprecedes thesages: astheirguideand teacher. ThePriest Agni,\n3 Theheight the placecalled thenorth altar,says S&yana. Perhaps the\nheightofheaven maybeintended.\n4 Agni is here identified with Mitra, the Sun, and both these Gods are\nidentifiedwithVaruna.\n5 Thedearloftyplace oftheearth mayhethe altar, or theeastern point.\nThe Bird is theSun who flies through heaven. The Seven headed, said by\nSayanatobethehostofMaruts,ismoreprobablytheSundrawnbyhieseven\nhorses,\n6 TheSoma’sshin; themeaningof thewords sasasya chdrma isnot clear.\nAnenvelopeoracovering, whichinsomemystical wayissupposed to conceal\ntheSoma-plant, appearstobeintended. TheBird'splace thestation ofthe\nBun,whoisadored withoblationsofclarifiedbutter."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 320,
            "content": "; ;\n324 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK III.\n7 Agni hath entered longingly the longing shrine rich with fat-\nness, giving easy access.\nResplendent, pure, sublime, and purifying, again, again he\nrenovates his Mothers.\n8 Born suddenly, by plants he grew to greatness, when tender\nshoots with holy oil increased him,\nLike waters lovely when they hasten downward : may Agni\ninhis Parents’ lap protect us.\n9 Extolled, the Strong shone forth with kindled fuel to the\nearth’s centre, to theheight of heaven.\nMay Agni, Friend, adorable Matarisvan, as envoy bring the\nGods unto our worship.\nJO Best of all luminaries lofty Agni supported with his flame\nthe height of heaven,\nWhen, far from Bhrigus, MAtari§van kindled the oblation-\nbearer where he lay in secret.\nJJ, As holy food, Agni, to thine invoker give wealth in cattle,\nlasting, rich in marvels.\nTo us be born a son and spreading offspring. Agni, be this\nthy gracious will to us-ward.\nHYMN\nVI. Agni.\nUrged on by deep devotion, 0 ye singers, bring, pious ones,\nthe God-approaching ladle.\nBorne onward to the right ittravels eastward, and, filled with\noil, to Agni bears oblation.\n2 Thou at thy birth didst fill both earth and heaven, yea, Most\n:\nAdorable, thou didst exceed them.\nEven through the heayen's and through the earth’s expanses\nlet thy swift seven-tongued flames roll on, 0 Agni.\n7 71isMothers orhisparents, HeavenandEarth, who are strengthened\nand restoredtotheiryouthbysacrifice.\nTheplantsarethetwigsused fuel,andthetender s/wotsare thebunch\nofgrassusedinsprinklingtheclarifiedgutteroverthefire.\n9 Theearth's centre: earth'smostimportantplace,the altar.\nInthesecondhemistichAgniisidentified with Matarisvan the divine or\nsemi-divinebeingwhobroughthimfromheaven.\n10 Farfrom Bhrigus thewordsinthe text WQuld seem to mean that\nM pa et ra hr ai ps sv ia mn plt io eo sk st eh pe arf ai tr ie of nr .om St &h ye anB ahr ei xg pu ls ai; nsbu .t B, hrias gusL iu ndw ti hg ispsu lg ag ce est bs y,p ra ar yi s\noftheSun.\n* 1 The C 7 *''T ladle: thesacrificialladle withwhichtheoblation\nofclarifie \" . : offeredtothe Gods.\nBorneonwardtotheright: ortothe southof thefire-altar. Accordingto\nLudwig,bearing the sacrificialgift."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 321,
            "content": "——\nHYMN 6;] THE MiaVEHAi 825\n3 Both Heaven and Earth and Gods who should be worshipped\nestablish thee as Priest for every dwelling,\n& Whenever hUttislnfaniilids, God-devbted, bringing oblations,\nlaud thy splendid lustrd;\n4 Firni in the Gods’home is the Mighty seated,- between vast\nHeaven and Earth, the well-beloved\nthose' who' yield, Unharaldd, their nectar, SpoUses of the\nFar-Strider, ever-young, United.\nGreat are the deedsof thee, the Great, 0 Agni thou by thy\n:\npower hast spread out earth and heaven.\nAs sooii as thou wast bdrri thou Wast ail envoy, thou,- Mighty\nOne, wast Leader of the people.\n6 Bind to the pole with cords of holy Order thy long-maned\nruddy steeds who sprinkle fatiiess.\nBring hither, 0 thou God, all Gods together provide them\nnoble worship, Jatavedas. :\n7 Even from the sky thy brilliant lights shone hither : still\nhast thou beamed through many a radiant morning,\nThat the Gods praised their joyous Herald’s labour eUgerly\nburning, Agni, in the forests.\n8 The Gods who take delight in air’s wide region, or those the\ndwellers in heaven’s realm of brightness,\nOr those, the Holy, prompt to hear, our helpers, who, car-\nborne, turn their horses hither, Agni\n9 With these, borneon onecar, Agni, approach us, or borne on\nmany, for thy steeds are able.\nBring, with their Dames, the Gods, the Three-and-Thirty,\nafter thy Godlike nature, and be joyfuL\n10 He is the Priest at Whose repeated worship even wide Heaven\nand Earth sing out for increase;\nThey fair and true and holy coming forward stand at his\nsacrifice who springs from Order.\n11 As holy food, Agni, to thine invoker give wealth in cattle,\nlasting, rich in marvels.\nTo us he born a son and spreading offspring. Agni, be this\nthy gracious willto us-ward.\n4 TheMighty : Agni. Those Cows : Heaven andEarthwhoyield allbless-\nings,here called alsothe spousesof Vishnu the God ofthe mightystride,\nthatis, the Sun, oras S&yanasays, ofthe far-extendingAgni,\n9 The Three-and-Thirty; see I, 34, 11,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 322,
            "content": ";: : ;: : :: : : ; :\n326 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK HI.\nHYMN\nVII. Agni.\nThe seven tones risen from the white-backed viand have\nmade their way between the pair of Mothers.\nBoth circumjacent Parents come together to yield us length\n;\nof days they hasten forward.\n2 The Male who dwells in heaven hath Mares .and Milchkine\nhe came to Goddesses who bring sweet treasure.\nTo thee safe resting in the seat of Order the Cow alone upon\nher way proceodeth.\n3 Wise Master, wealthy finder-out of riches, he mounted those\nwho may with ease be guided.\nHe, dark-backed, manifold with varied aspect, hath made\nthem burst forth from their food the brush-wood.\n4 Strength-giving streams bear hither him eternal, fain to sup-\nport the mighty work of Tvashtar.\nHe, flashing in his home with all his members, hath entered\nboth the worlds as they were single.\n5 They know the red Bulbs blessing, and are oyful under the\nj\nflaming-coloured Lord’s dominion\nThey who give shine from heaven with fair effulgence, whose\nlofty song like Ija must be honoured.\nThishymnandthefivefollowingareascribedtotheItishiVisv&mitra.\n1 Theseventones are the hymns sung in seven tones, or metres. The\nwhite-hacked viandis the Soma mingled with milk,and the'pair of Mothers\norMother andFather areHeaven and Earth whoseintermediate spacethe\nhymnshavereached. ThecircumjacentParentsareHeaven andEarth. The\nconstruction in the first half of the stanza is difficult, the masculineform\nye being apparentlyused for the feminine. S&yanainserts rasmayah, rays,\nwhichhe makes the subject of thefirst sentence,andexplains dMs% viand,\nby ‘theall-sustaining Agni,’ andsaptdyflnth,sevenvoices ortones, by ‘the\nf hl yo mw ni ,n ’g sri av ye srs. P’ rofT esh se orhy Grm an ssi ms anf nul ,lo ‘f whd oi sff eic pu al rt ti ies\nal;\nly‘a cn ori rn ut pe tnt ti eo xn tal cl ay no nb ots ,cu or ne\naccount, of thisobscurity,besatisfactorilyre-established.’\n.\n2 TheMale who dwellsin heaven celestialAgni. TheMares andMilch-\nJcinearethe Goddessesof theair. Tothee toAgni,\nThe Cow ; V&ktheGoddessof Speech,i. e. speechitself,prayer.\n3 Wise Master Agni. Those his mares, the rapidly advancing flames\n'thatbearhimonward. Dark-hacked withsmoke.\n4 Strength-giving streams the watersof the air which bring down the\nembryo Agniinrain. Themighty workof Tvashtar : the whole creation, or,\nasthereis nosubstantive expressed, the son of Tvashfcar, the Sun, maybe\nintended. Asthey weresingle hath pervaded and illumined heaven and\nearthsimultaneously, asthoughthey wereoneworld.\n§ Thered Ball Agni, They perhaps the Gods, lid PrayerorPraise,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 323,
            "content": "®YMN 8.] TMM RTOVEDA. 327\n6 Yea, by tradition from the ancient sages they brought great\nstrength from the two mighty Parents,\nTo where the singer’s Bull, the night’s dispeller, after his\nproper law hath waxen stronger.\n7 Seven holy singers guard with five Adhvaryus* the Bird’s\nbeloved firmly-settled station.\nThe willing Bulls, untouched by eld, rejoice them : as Gods\nthemselves the ways of Gods they follow.\n8 I crave the grace of heaven's two chief Invokers the seven\n:\nswift steeds joy in their wonted manner.\nThese speak of truth, praising the Truth Eternal, thinking\non Order as the guards of Order.\n9 The many seek the great Steed as a stallion the reins obey\n:\nthe Lord of varied colour.\n0 heavenly Priest, most pleasant, full of wisdom, bring the\ngreat Gods to us, and Earth and Heaven.\n10 Rich Lord, .the Mornings have gleamed forth in splendour,\nfair-rayed, '*-'» ,1 \\ r. -worshipped with all viands,\nYea, with th :! . .' :! earth, 0 Agui. Forgive us, for\nour weal, e’en sin committed.\n11 As holy food, Agni, to thine invoker, give wealth in cattle,\nlasting, rich in marvels.\nTo us be born a son, and spreading offspring. Agni, be this\nthy gracious,will to us-ward.\nHYMN\nVIII. SacrificialPost.\nGod-serving men, 0 Sovran of the Forest, with heavenly\nmeath at sacrifice anoint thee.\nGrant wealth to us when thou art standing upright as when\nreposing on thisMother’s bosom.\n6 They ; themenwho first honouredAgni whois called thesinger’s Bulb\nthestrongGod whoprotectshis worshipper.\n7 Adhvaryus: ministering priests. The Bird: the rapidly-flying Agni.\nThewilling Bulls: thezealous priests, who inthis stanzaare boldly called\nGods. Of, 'Isitnotwritteninyourlaw, Isaid,Yeare G-orls?’ (St.John, x. 11).\n8 Ifmven's two chief1nvohers: or Hotars;according to Sayana, the celestial\nand\n9\nt Th he et mer ar nes ytr :ia tl heAg an di j. ectT ih veis ia st fa en mz ia niis nere ap nea dte hd asfr no om sI uI bI s. ta4 n. t‘7 i.\nve expressed.\nTheDawns maybeintended,orperhapslibations.\n11 This concludingstanza isthe burden of several hymns ofthis Booh,\nand there is considerable variation inS&yana’s interpretation of itin the\ndifferentplacesin whichitoccurs.\n1 0 Sovran ofthe Forest: thetalltree (vdnaspdti)out of whichismade\nthesacrificial post to whichthe victimistied. The postwhen consecrated\nis a deifiedobject andisregardedasaform ofAgni.\nWith heavenly meath : or balm; sacred oilor clarified butter. Forafull\naccountoftheceremony ofanointingtheSacrificialPost,seeHaug’s Aitarey.\nBr&hmanam, Vol. II. pp. 74-78,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 324,
            "content": "—\n0 ; : :: ;\n328 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK TIL\n2 Set up to eastward of the fire enkindled, accepting prayer\nthat wastes not, rich in heroes,\nDriving far from us poverty and famine, lift thyself up to\nbring us great good fortune.\n3 Lord of the Forest, raise thyself up on the loftiest spot of\nearth.\nGive splendour, fixt and measured well, to him who brings\nthe sacrifice.\n4 Well-robed, enveloped, he is come, the youthful : springing to\nlife his glory waxeth greater.\nContemplative in mind and God-adoring, sages of high in-\ntelligence upraise him.\n5 Sprung up he rises in the days' fair weather, increasing in\nthe men-frequented synod.\nWith song the wise and skilful consecrate him : his voice the\nGod-adoring singer utters.\n6 Ye whom religious men have firmly planted; thou Forest-\nSovran whom the axe hath fashioned,\nLet those the Stakesdivine which here are standing be fain\nto grant us wealth with store of children.\n7 0 men who liftthe ladles up, these hewn and planted in the\nground,\nBringing a blessing to the field, shall bear our precious gift\nto Gods.\n8 Adityas, Budras, Yasus, careful leaders, Earth, Heaven, and\nPrithivi and Air’s mid-region,\nAccordant Deities, shall bless our worship and make our\nsacrifice’s ensign lofty.\n9 Like swans that flee in lengthened line, the Pillars h^ve come\nto us arrayed in brilliant colour.\nThey, lifted up on high, by sages, eastward, go forth as Gods\nto the Gods’ dwelling-places.\n1 Those Stakes upon the earth with rings that deckthem seem\nto the eye like horns of horned creatures\n3 Theloftiestspotofearth: thealtar.\n4 Well-robed, enveloped withacordorgarland.\n5 In thedays'fairweather whentheperiodical Rainsareover.\n7 Thesehewnandplanted apparentlysplinterscutfromthetree.\n8 Prithivi Earth regarded as single, aucl not asone ofthe constantly\nconnectedpairHeavenandEarth.\n9 Pillars: apparentlychipsorsplinters(of. stanza 7) which fallfrom the\ntree, asitiscuttoform the Saoriftciftlftt&ke, likewhiteorgreybirds alight-\ningontheground."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 325,
            "content": ": ; : ;\nJKYMN THE RIGVEDA 329\n9.] ,\nOr, as upraised \"by priests ill invocation, let them assist us in\nthe rush to battle.\n11 LordoftheWood, risewithahundredbranches: withthousand\nbranches may we rise to greatness, *\nThou whom this hatchet, with an edge well whetted for great\nfelicity, hath brought before us.\nHYMN\nIX. Agni,\nWe as thy friends have chosen thee, mortals a God, to be our\nhelp,\nTheWaters*Child, the blessed, theresplendentOne, victorious\nand beyond compare.\n2 Since thou delighting in the woodshast goneunto thymother\nstreams,\nNot to be scorned, Agni, is that return of thine when from\nafar thou now art here.\n3 O’er pungent smoke hast thou prevailed, and thus art thou\nbenevolent.\nSome go before, andothersround aboutthee sit, they in whose\nfriendship thou hast place.\n4 Himwhohadpassedbeyondhisfoes,beyondcontinualpursuits.\nHimtheunerringOnes, observant^ foundin3oo’3s7c6uchedlike\na lion in his lair.\n5 Him wandering at his own free will, Agni here hidden from\nour view,\nHimMatarisvanbroughttous fromfar awayproduced byfric-\ntion, from the Gods.\n6 0 Bearer of Oblations, thus mortals received thee from the\nGods,\nWhilst thou, the Friend of man, guardest each sacrifice with\nthine own power, Most Youthful One.\n7 Amid thy wonders this is good, yea, to the simple is it clear,\nWhen gathered round about thee, Agni, lie the herds where\nthou art kindled in the morn.\n2 Thatreturnofthine,* thydescentfromthecelestialwatersinwhich thou\narthornaslightning.\n3 Some accordingtoS&yana,theAdhvaryus others theS&ma-priesfswho\nsitandrecitethe prayers and hymns. ;\n4 Theunerring Ones the Gods, who followedandfoundthefugitiveAgni.\n5 Matarisvan thedivineorsemi-divinebeing who brought Agnito men.\nSee Index.\ning7 tI on tht ehe Sm cho or ln ia: stb ,e if no cr le ut dh ee mc ea nttl ae sa wr ee llse an st qo uu at drt uo pegr da sz .e. Theherds , accord-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 326,
            "content": ": ; ! :\n330 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK III\n8 Offer to him who knows fair rites, who burns with purifying\nglow,\nSwift envoy, active, ancient, and adorable : serve ye the God.\nattentively.\n9 Three times a hundred Gods and thrice a thousand, and three\ntimes ten and nine have worshipped Agni,\nFor him spread sacred grass, with oil bedewed him, and\nstablished him as Priest and Sacrificer,\nHYMN\nX. Agni.\nThee, Agni, God, Imperial Lord of all mankind, do mortal\nmen\nWith understanding kindle at the sacrifice.\n2 They laud thee in their solemn rites, Agni, as Minister and\nPriest.\nShine forth in thine own home as guardian of the Law.\n3 He, verily, who honours thee with fuel, Knower of all Life,\nHe, Agni wins heroic might, he prospers well.\n!\n4 Ensign of sacrifices, he, Agni, with Gods is come to us,\nDecked by the seven priests, to him who bringeth gifts.\n5 To Agni, the Invoking Priest, offer your best, your lofty\nspeech,\nTo him Ordainer-like who brings the light of songs.\n6 Let these our hymns makeAgni grow, whence, meetfor laud, •\nhe springs to life,\nTo mighty strength and great possession, fair to see.\n7 ABes jt oyS fa uc lri Pf ri ic ee sr t, ,b tr hi yng spt lhe enG do od us r, dr0 ivA egn oi u, rt fo oet she afp ai rous man :\n8 As such, 0 Purifier, shine on us heroic glorious might\nBe nearest Friend to those who laud thee, for their weal.\n9 So, wakeful, versed in sacred hymns, the holy singers kindle\nthee,\nOblation-hearer, deathless, cherisher of strength.\nHYMN XL Agni.\nAgni is Priest, the great High Priest of sacrifice, most swift\nin act\nHe knows the rite in constant course. *\n9 In theVaisvadeva Nividor Hymnof Invitationto theYisvedevas, the\nnumberoftheGods issaid tobe 3 times 11,then 33,then 303,then 3003.\nByaddingtogether334-303+3003thenumber3339isobtained. SeeHaug’s\nAitareyaBr&hmanam, II. p. 212, note.\n5 Whobringsthe lightof songs whobrightens andinspiresourhymns,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 327,
            "content": ": : : ::\nHYMN 12.] THE RIGVEDA. 331\n2 Oblation-bearer, deathless, well inclined, an eager messenger,\nAgni comes nigh us with the thought.\n3 Ensign of sacrifice from of old, Agni well knoweth with his\nthought *\nTo prosper this man’s aim and hope.\n34 Agni, illustrious Irom old time, the Son of Strength who\nknows all life,\nThe Gods have made to be their Priest.\n5 Infallible is Agni, he who goes before the tribes of men,\nA chariot swift and ever new.\n6 Strength of the Gods which none may harm, subduing all his\nenemies,\nAgni is mightiest in fame,\n7 By offering sacred food to him the mortal worshipper obtains\n•A home from him whose light makes pure.\nFrom Agni, by our hymns, may we gain all things that bring\nhappiness,\nSingers of him who knows all life.\n9 0 Agni, in our deeds of might may we obtain all precious\nthings\nThe Gods are centred all in thee.\nHYMJSF XII. Indra-Agni.\nMoved, Indra-Agni, by our hymn, come to the juice, the pre-\ncious dew\nDrink ye thereof, impelled by song.\n2 0 Indra-Agni, with the man wholauds you comes the waken-\ning rite :\nSo drink ye both this juice outpoured.\n3 ThroughforceofsacrificeIchooseIndraAgniwholovethewise\n;\nWith Soma let these sate them here.\n4 Indra and Agni I invoke, joint-victors, bounteous, unsubdued,\nFoe-slayers, best to win the spoil.\n5 Indra and Agni, singersskilled in melody hymnyou, bringing\nlauds\nI ohoose you for the sacred food.\n6 IndraandAgni, yecastdowntheninety forts whichDasasheld,\nTogether, with one miglify^aBM:\n2 With thethought or, throughourprayer.\n3 This man's: whoinstitutes thesacrifice.\nfor6 tsT ah re etni hn ee st ty rf oo nr gt hs oldn sin oe fty thi es nu os ne -d AAi rn yd ae nfin ii nt he al by itf ao nr tsa ofla tr hg ee cn ou um nb tre yr .. The"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 328,
            "content": ": ; : ;\n332 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 111\n.\n7 To Indra-Agni reverent thoughts go forward from the holy\ntask\nAlong the path of sacred Law.\n8 0 Ind*&-Agni, powers are yours, and dwellings and delightful\nfood\nGood is your readiness to act;\n9 'Indra and Agni, in your deeds of might ye deck heaven^\nlucid realms\nFamed is that hero strength of your&\nHYMN\nXIII, Agni.\nTo Agni, to this God of yours I sing aloud with utmost\npower.\nMay he come to us with the Gods, and sit, best Offerer, on\nthe grass.\n2 The Holy, whose are earth and heaven, and succour waits\nupon his strength\nHim meii who bring oblations laud, and they who wish to\ngain, for grade.\n3 He is the Sage who guides these men, Leader of sacred rites\nis he.\nHim, your own Agni, serve ye well, whowinneth and bestow-\neth wealth.\n4 So may the gracious Agni grant most goodly shelter for our\nuse;\nWhence iti the heavens or in the floods Ire shall pour wealth\nupon our lands.\n5 The singers kindle him, the Priest, Agni the Lord of tribes\nof men,\nResplendent and without a peer through his own excellent\ndesigns,\n6 Help US, thou Brahman, best of all invokers of the Gods in\nsong'.\nBeam, Friend of Maruts, bliss on us, 0 Agni, a most liberal\nGod,\n7 Yea, grant Us treasure thousandfold with children and with\nnourishment,\nAnd, Agni, splendid hero strength, exalted, wasting not away.\n7 Theholytask: sacrifice,\nThehymnandthatwhichfollowsareascribedtotheIltshiBishabha, ason\nof Visv&mitra.\n6 Thou Brahman Agni i& here addressed,as the Brahman or praying\npriest*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 329,
            "content": "; : ::\nEYMN 15,] TEE MOVED A. 333\nHYMN\nXIV. Agni,\nThe pleasant Priest is come into the synod, true, skilled in\nsacrifice, most wise, Ordainer.\nAgni, the Son of Strength, whose Gar is lightning, whose hair\nis flame, hath shown on earth his lustre.\n2 To thee I offer reverent speech : accept it: to thee who mark*?\nest it, victorious, faithful !\nBring, thou who knowest, those whoknow, andseat thee amid\nthe sacred grass, for help, O Holy.\n3 The Two who show their vigour, Night and Morning, by the\nwind’s paths shall haste to thee, 0 Agni.\nWhen men adprn the Ancient with oblations, these seek, as on\ntwo chariot-seats, the dwelling.\n4 To thee, strong Agni ! Varpna and Mitra and all the Maruts\nsang a song of triumph,\nWhat fime unto the people’s lands thou earnest, spreading\nthem as the Sun of men, with lustre.\n5 Approaching with raised hands and adoration, we have this\nday fulfilled for thee thy longing.\nWorship the Gods with most devqted spirit, a Priestwith no\nunfriendly thought, 0 Agni.\n6 For, Son of Strength, from thee come many succours, and\npowers abundant that a Godpossesses.\nAgni, to us with speech that hath no falsehood grant riches,\nreal, to be told in thousands.\n7 Whatever, God, in sacrifice we mortals have wrought is all for\nthee, strong, wise of purpose I\nBe thou the Friend of each good chariot’s master. All thi§\nenjoy thou here, immortal Agni.\nHYMN XV.\nAgni.\nResplendent with thy wide-extepding lustre, dispelthe terrors\nof the fiepds who hate us* %\nMay lofty Agni be my guide and shelter, the easily-invoked,\nthe good Protectqr,\n2 Be thou to us, while now the morn is breaking, be thou a\nguardian wbep the Sun hath mquqted.\n2 Thosewho lenow the Gods.\n3 TheAncient Agni.\n4 Spreading them causing Aryap men to spread asthe sun spreads his\nrays.\n5 Thy longing: foroblations.\n6 Allthis all oursacrificialofferings."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 330,
            "content": "! ; ;\n334 TIIE HYNMB OF [BOOK IIL\nAccept, as men accept atrue-born infant, my laud, O Agni\nnobly born in body.\n3 Bull, who beholdest men, through many mornings, among\nthe $ark ones shine forth red, 0 Agni.\nLead us, good Lord, and bear us over trouble : Help uswho\nlong, Most Youthful God, to riches.\n4 Shine forth, a Bull invincible, O Agni, winning by conquest\nall theforts and treasures.\nThou Jatavedas who art skilled in guiding, the chief highsav-\ning sacrifice’s Leader.\n5 Lighting Gods hither, Agni, wisest Singer, bring thou to us\nmany and flawless shelters.\nBring vigour, like-a car that gathers booty\n:\nbring us, 0 Agni,\nbeauteous Earth and Heaven.\n6 Swell, 0 thou Bull and give those powers an impulse, eren\nEarthand Heaven who yield their milk in plenty,\nShining, 0 God, with Gods in clear effulgence. Let not a\nmortal’s evil will obstruct u&\n7 Agni, as holy food to thine invoker, give wealth in cattle,last-\ning, rich in marvels.\nTo us be bora a son and spreading offspring. Agni, be this\nthy gracious will to us-ward.\nHYMN\nXYT. Agni.\nThis Agni is the Lord ofgreat felicity and hei’o strength\n;\nLord of wealth rich in children, wealth inherds of kine Lord\n;\nof thebattles with thefoe.\n2 Wait, Maruts, Heroes, uponhim the Prosperor in whom is\nW;.1‘- ' ’ -iv 0 wea cl ot nh q; uer evil-hearted men, who overcome\nthe enemy.\n3 As such, G Agni, deal us wealth and hero might, O Bounteous\nOne\nMost lofty, very glorious, rich in progeny, free from disease\nand full of power.\n4 He who made all that lives, who passes all in might, who\norders service to the Gods,\nHeworks amongthe Gods, he worksin herostrength, yea, also\nin the praise of men.\n3 Amongthedarkones; inthedarkness ofthenights.\n6 Theirmilk rain andallfertilizinginfluence.\n2 Who : referringtotheMaruts ; theverbsbeinginthethird person.\n3 Mostlofty, etc theseepithetsqualify wealthandhero might."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 331,
            "content": "— —\n:\nHYMN 18,] THE RIGVEDA, 335\n5 Give us not up to indigence, Agni, nor want of hero sons,\nNor, Son of Strength, to lack of cattle, nor to blame. Drive\nthou our enemies away.\n6 Help us to strength, blest Agni rich in pi-ogeny, abundant,\n!\nin our sacrifice. * *\nFlood us with riches yet more plenteous, bringing weal, with\nhigh renown, most Glorious One 1\nHYMN\nXYII. Agni.\nDuly enkindled after ancient customs, bringing all treasures,\nhe is balmed with unguents,\nFlame-haired, oil-clad, the purifying Agni, skilled in fair rites,\nto bring the Gods for worship.\n2 As thou, 0 Agni, skilful Jatavedas, hast sacrificed as Priest of\nEarth, of Heaven,\nSo with this offering bring the Gods, and prosper this sacrifice\nto-day as erst for Manu.\n3 Three are thy times of life, 0 Jatavedas, and the three morn-\nings are thy births, 0 Agni.\nWith these, well-knowing, grant the Gods5 kind favour, and\nhelp in stir and stress the man who worships.\n4 Agni most bright and fair with song we honour, yea, the ador-\nable, 0 Jatavedas.\nThee, envoy, messenger, oblation-bearer, the Gods have made\ncentre of life eternal.\n5 That Priest beforethee, yetmore skilledin worship, sfcablislied\nof old, health-giver by his nature,\nAfter his custom offer, thou who knowest, and lay our sacri-\nfice where Godsmay taste it.\nHYMN\nXVIII. Agni.\nAgni, be kind to us when we approach thee, good as a friend\nto friend, as sire and mother.\nThe races of mankind are greatoppressors : burnup malignity\nthat strives against us.\n2 Agni, burn np the unfriendly who are near us, burn thou the\nfoeman5s curse who pays no worship.\n3 Threearethy timesoflife: theexistenceofAgniuponearthis saidto be\nthreefoldasdependenton thesupplyoffuel, clarifiedbutter, andSoma. The\nthreemornings; Agniisre-born everymorning, and thenumberthreeappears\nto beusedmerelyforthesakeofaccordancewiththethree times oflife pre-\nviouslymentioned.\n5 ThatPriest beforethee Agni’smore skilfulpredecessor isprobably the\ncelestialAgni,thehigh priestwho sacrifices for the Gods, The terrestrial\nAgniisto take him forhismodel."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 332,
            "content": ":\n336 . THE HYMNS OF [BOOK TIL\nBum, Vasu, thou who markest well, the foolish : let thine\neternal nimble beams surround thee.\n3 With fuel,Agni, and withoil, desirous, mineoffering I present;\nfor strength and conquest, —\nWith prayer, so far as I hays power, adoring this hymn\ndivine to gaina hundred treasures.\n4 Givewith thyglow, thou Son of Strength,when lauded, great\nvital power to those who toil to serve thee.\nGiverichly, Agni, to the Visvarnitras rest and stir. Oft have\nwe decked thy body,\n5 Give us, 0 liberal Lord, great store of riches, for, Agni, such\nartthou when duly kindled.\nThou in the happy singer’s home bestowest, amply with arms\nextended, things of beauty.\nHYMN XIX. J4 Agni.\nAgni, quick, sage, infallible, all-knowing, I choose to be our\nPriest atthis oblation.\nIn our Gods’ service he, best skilled, shall worship may he\n:\nobtain us boons for strength and riches.\n2 Agni, to thee I lift the oil-fed ladle, bright, with an offering,\nbearing our oblation.\nFrom the right hand, choosing the Gods’ attendance, he with\nriph presents hath arranged the worship.\n3 Of keenest spirit is the man thou aidest give us good off-\nspring, thou who givest freely. :\nIn power of wealth most rich in men, 0 Agni, of thee, the\nGood, may \\ve sing forth fair praises.\n4 Men as they worship thee the God, 0 Agni, haye sot on thee\nfull many a brilliantaspect.\nSo bring, .Most Youthful One, the Gods’ assembly, the\nHeavenly Host which thou to-day shalt honour.\n,5 When Gods anoint thee Priest at their oblation, and seat thee\nfor thy task as Sacrihcer,\n0 Agni, be thou here our kjrjd defender, and to ourselves\nvouchsafe the gift of glory.\nHYMN XX.\nAgni,\nWith lauds atbreak of morn the priestinvoketh Agni, Dawn,\nDadhikras, and boththeAsvins.\n4 Fullmanya brilliantaspect: brightappearance, orsplendidpresence.\nI Hadhihvds or Dadhikr&, isaipytincal being described as a kind of\ndivine horse, and probablyapersonification of the morning Sun. He is\ninvokedinthemorningtogetherwithAgni, Ushas,and theAsvins."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 333,
            "content": ": :: : 7\nBY *MN 21J THE RIQYEDA . 33\nWith one consent the Gods whose light is splendid, longing\nto taste our sacrifice, shall hear us.\n2 Three are thy powers, 0 Agni, three thy stations, three-are\nthytongues, yea^ many, Child of Order ! m\nThree bodies hast thou which the Gods delight in with\n:\nthese protect our hymns with care unceasing,\n3 0 Agni, many are the names thou bearest, Immortal, God,\nDivine, and Jatavedas\nAnd many charms of charmers, All-Inspirer have theylaid in\n!\nthee, Lord of true attendants i\n4 Agni, like Bhaga, leads the godly people, he who is true to\nLaw and guards the seasons.\nAncient, all-knowing, hethe Vritra-slayershall bearthe singer\nsafe through every trouble.\n5 I call on Savitar the God, on Morning, Brihaspati, and\nDadhikras and Agni,\nOn Varuna and Mitra, on the Asvins,<dBhaga, the Yasus,\nlludras, and Adityas.\nHYMN XXL Agni,\nSet this our sacrifice among the Immortals be pleased with\n:\nthese our presents, Jatavedas.\n0 Priest, 0 Agni, sit thee down before us, and first enjoy the\ndrops of oil and fatness.\n2 For thee, 0 Purifier, flow the drops of fatness, rich in oil.\nAfter thy wont vouchsafe to us the choicest boon that Gods\nmay\nfeast.\n3 Agni, Most Excellent for theethe Sage are drops that drip\n!\nwith oil.\nThou art enkindled as the best of Seers. Help thou the\nsacrifice.\n4 To thee, 0 Agni, mighty and resistless, to thee stream forth\nthe drops of oil and fatness.\nWitli great light art thou come, 0 praised by poets Accept\n!\nour offering, 0 thou Sage.\n2 Three are thy powers orthree kindsof strengthening food, clarified\nbutter, fuel, and Soma. Threethystations: three altars,orthethree worlds.\nThreearethy totvnm the threefires, G&rkapabya, Ahavaniya,and Dakshina.\nThreebodies: orformsas Pavaka, Pavamftna, and Suchi.\n3 The names thou bearest orthe natures thoupossesses^ Many charms ;\norsupernatural powers.\n22"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 334,
            "content": ": :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK\nIlf.\n—\n5 Fatness exceeding rich, extractedfrom the midst, this as our\ngift we offer thee.\nExcellent God, the drops run down upon thy skin. Deal\nthem^to each amongthe Gods.\n' • . HYMN XXII. Agni.\nThis is that Agni whence the longing Indra took the pressed\nSoma deep within his body.\nWinner of spoils in thousands, like a courser, with praise art\nthouexalted, Jlfcavedas.\n2 That light of thine in heaven and earth, 0 Agni, in plants,\n0 Holy One, and in the waters,\nWherewith thou hast spread wide the air’s mid-region—\nbright is thatsplendour, wavy, man-beholding.\n3 0 Agni, to the sea of heaven thou goest : thou hast called\nhither Gods beheld in spirit.\nThe waters, too, come hither, those up yonder in the Sun’s\nrealm of lightsand those beneath it.\n4 Let fires that dwell in mist, combined with those that have\ntheir home in floods,\nGuileless accept oursacrifice, greatviands free.from alldisease.\n5 Agni, as holy food to thine invoker give wealth in cattle,\n•\nlasting, rich in marvels.\nTo us be born a son and spreading offspring. Agni, be this\nthy gracious will tous-ward.\nHYMN\nXXril. Agni.\nRubbed into life, well stablished in the dwelling, Leader of\nsacrifice, the Sage, the Youthful,\nHere in the wasting fuel Jatavedas, eternal, hath assumed\nimmortal being.\n2 Both Bharatas, Devasravas, Devavata, have strongly rubbed\nto lifeeffectual Agni*\n0 Agni, look tliou forth with ample riches : be, every day,\n• bearer of food to feed us.\n3 Him nobly born of old the fingers ten produced, him whom\nhis Mothers counted dear.\niss5 uiF ta at bln eets foe rxc ae ne id min ag lri sac ch r, ife ix cet sr .acte Td hf ero fam tnt eh se smi hd es rt\ne\nst ph oi ks eh ny om fn i, s,S a& sy Pa rn oa fes sa sy os,\nr\nWilson remarks, thesame thatisdescribed in Leviticus, IV. 9,as ‘the fat\nthatcovereththeinwards, andall thefatthatis upon the inwards.’\n1 Whence literally, wherein\n;\nthatis poured outonwhom orwhich.\n. 2 Both BMratas : sonsof JBharata, thetwoIlishisof thehymn.\n, 3 HisMothers ; thetwofire-sticksfromwhichAgnisprings tolife."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 335,
            "content": ": : :\nB-YMN 25.] THE RIGVEDA. 339\nPraise Devavata’s Agni, thou Devasravas, him who shall be\nthe people’s Lord.\n4 He set thee in the earth’s most lovely station, in La’s place,\nin days of Afair bright weather. A\nOn man, on Apaya, Agni on the rivers Drishadvati, Saras-\n!\nvati, shine richly.\n5 Agni, as holy food to thine invoker give wealth in cattle,\nlasting, rich in maiwels.\nTo usbe born a son and spreading offspring Agni, be this\nthy gracious will to us-ward\nHYMN XXIV. Agni.\nAgni, subdue opposing bands, and drive our enemies away.\nInvincible, slay godless foes; give splendour to the wor-\n'shipper.\n2 Lit with libation, Agni, thou, deathless, who eallest Gods to\n.feast,\n*. Accept our sacrifice with joy.\n3 With splendour, Agni, Son of Strength, thou who art wor-\nshipped, wakeful One,\nSeat thee on this my sacred grass.\n4 With all thy fires, with all the Gods, Agni, exalt the songs\nwe sing.\nAnd living men in holy rites.\n5 Grant, Agni, to the worshipper wealth rich in heroes, plen-\nteous store\nMake thou us rich with many sons.\nHYMN XXV. Agnt\nThou art the sapient Son of Dyaus, 0 Agni, yea, and the\nChild of Earth, who knowest all things.\nBring the Gods specially, thou Sage, for worship.\n2 Agni the wise bestows the might of heroes, grants strengthen-\ning food, preparing it for nectar.\nThou who art rich in food bring the Gods hither.\n4 He the worshipper. Earth's most lovely station according to S&yapa,\non the northernaltar, lid’splace; the placeof prayerandpraise.\nApaD yri ds ,ha wd hv ia ct hi isan nod tS ma er na ts iva ot ni ed(s ee le sewB ho eo rk e,I. ap3 p. e1 a0 r. s) ta or he avw eel bl eek nno aw ln ittls etr se ta rm es am;\nm thesameneighbourhood, neartheearlier settlementsof theAryanimmi-\ngrants. •\nThis hymn and theeightfollowingareascribed to-theBishiYiavAmitr-a.."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 336,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nS40 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK III\n'3 Agni,.infallible, lights Earth and Heaven, immortalGoddesses\ngracious to all men,\nLord through his strength, splendid through adorations.\n1\n4 Come torthe sacrifice, Agni and Indra: come to the offerer’s\nhouse -who hath the Soma.\nCome, friendly-minded, Gods, to drink theSoma.\n5 In the floods’ home art thou enkindled, Agni, 0 J&tavedas',\nSon of Strength, eternal,\nExalting with thine help the gathering-places.\nHYMN XXVL\nAgni\nSeveringinourheart AgniVaisvfinara,thefindor of the light,\nwhose promises are true,\n‘ The liberal, gladsome, car-borne God, we Kusikas invoke him\nwith oblation, seeking wealth with songs.\n2 That Agni, bright, Vaisvanara, we invoke for help, and\nMatarisvan worthy of the song of praise\n;\nBrihaspati for man’s observance of the Gods, the Singer\nprompt to hear, theswiftly-moving guest.\n3 Age^after age Vaisvanara, neighing like a horse, is kindled\nwith the women by the Kusikas.\ni May Agni, he who wakes among Immortal Gods, grant us\nheroic strength and wealth in noble steeds.\n4 -Let them go forth, the strong, as flames of fire with might.\nGathered for victory they have yoked their spotted deer.\nPourers of floods, the Maruts, Masters of all wealth, they\nwho can ne’er be conquered, make the mountains shake.\n5 The Maruts, Friends of men, are glorious as the fire; their\nmighty and resplendent succour we implore.\n-•Th.ose\nstorming Sons of Kudra clothed in robes of rain,\nboon givers of goodgifts, roar as the lions roar,\n6 We, band on band and troop following troop, entreat with\n* fair lauds Agni’s splendour and the Maruts’ might.\nm/71 home inthefirmament, thehomeof theaerialwaters.\ny'\\ : *; . r * the worlds or regions inhabitedby living beings,\n. .1 Va78V'fnara, common to, dearto, ordwellingwith,allAryanmen.\n- Kunkus menof thefamilyof theIliahiKusika.\n;buc2 tM hd et ua sr uam la sn e: nss ea oi fdh te hr ee wb oy rdSa isya an pn proto prm ie ata en eA ng on ui gha ,sGodofthelightning\nBi,s3 terW s,it wh hichagitatet• heth fie re-f si tn ig ce kr .s, elsewhere called the damsels,\n;\nand the\nkZW'ifimgoforth• theMaruts,orStorm-Gods,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 337,
            "content": "; ;\n&7MN mars\n27.} *lbe da. -341\nWith spotted deer for steeds, with wealth that never fails,\nthey, wise Ones, come to sacrifice at our gatherings.\n7 Agniam I who know, by birth, all creatures. Mine eye is\nbutter, in my mouth is nectar #\nI am light threefold, measurer of7 the Region exhaustive\nheat am I, named burnt-oblation. ;\n8 Bearing in mind a thought with light accordant, he purified\nthe Sun with three refinings\nBy his own nature gained the highest treasure, and looked\nabroad over the earth and heaven.\n9 The Spring that fails not with a hundred streamlets, Father\ninspired of prayers that men should utter,\n—\nThe Sparkler, joyous in his Parents bosom, him, the Truth-\nspeaker, sate ye, Eai'th and Heaven.\nHYMN\nXXVII.\nAgni.\nInladle dropping oil yourfoodgoes in oblation up to heaven,\n, Goes to the Gods in search of bliss.\n2 Agni I laud, the Sage inspired, crowner of sacrifice through\nsong,\nWho listens and gives bounteous gifts.\n3 0 Agni, ifwe might obtain control of thee the potent God,\nThen should we overcome our foes.\n4 Kindled at sacrifices lie is Agni, hallower, meet for praise,\nWith flame for hair to him we seek.\n:\n5 Immortal Agni, shining far, enrobed with oil, well worshipped,\nbears\nThe gifts of sacrifice away.\n6 The priests with ladles lifted up, worshipping here with holy\nthought.\nHave brought this Agni for our aid.\n7 HereAgnispeaks and declares hisuniversality as theSoul of all. He\nknowsallliving creatures. His eye, orin his eye, is thelight which is fed\nwith offeringsof sacred oil. Theainrit, nectar, or ambrosia, which ia^the\nrewardof piety, is obtained by burnt-offerings or through the mouth of\nAgni. He traverses ormeasuresoutthefirmament, andaslightheshinesas\nthesunin heaven, thelightning in mid-air, and fireonearth. Seenoteon\nthepassagein Wilson’sTranslation.\n8 With threerefining*: accordingto S&yana, withhisthreepurifyingforma\nas Agni, V&yu, aud Sdrya, or fire, wind, andsun. Butpavitraihmaymean\n*with mental divisions,’ andthe sensewould bethatAgni dividedlightinto\nthree, sun, lightning andfire.\n9 HuParentx’ boson in closeconnexion with Heaven andEarth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 338,
            "content": ": ! : ; :\n342 THE HYMXS OF [BOOK tTf.\n7 Immortal, Sacrifice^ God, with wondrous power he leads the\nway,\nUrging the greatassembly on,\n8 Strong,r‘he is set on deeds of strength. In sacrifices led in\nfront,\nAs Singerhe completes the rite.\n9 Excellent,hewasmadebythought. The Germof beings have\nI gained,\nYea, and the Sire of active strength.\n10 Theehave I stablished, Excellent, 0strengthenedbythe sage’s\nprayer\nThee, Agni, longing, nobly bright.\n11 Agni, the swift and active One, singers, at time of sacrifice,\nEagerly kindle with their food.\n12 Agni the Son of Strength who shines up to the heaven in\nsolemn rites,\nThe wise of heart, I glorify.\n13 Meet to be lauded and adored, showing in beauty through the\ndark,\nAgni, the Strong, is kindled well.\n14 Agni is kindled as a bull, like a horse bearer of the Gods :\nMen with oblations worship him.\n15 Thee will we kindle as a bull, we who are Bulls ourselves, 0\nBull,\nThee, Agni, shiningmightily.\nHYMN\nXXVIII, Agni.\nAgni who knowest all, accept our offering and the cake of\nmeal,\nAt dawn’s libation, rich in prayer\n!\n2 Agni, the sacrificial cake hath been prepared and dressed for\nthee\nAccept it, 0 Most Youthful God.\n3 Agni, enjoy the cake of meal and our oblation three days old :\nThou, Son of Stoength, art stablished at our sacrifice.\n9 Hewasmadebythought byholythought,or devotion.\n15 Wekoho areBulls ourselves priests are frequently called bulls, on ac-\ncountoftheirgreatpower. Cf. III.7. 7.\n3 Ouroblationthreedaysold theSomajuicepreparedthedaybeforeyes-\nterdayandMb\ntoferment. *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 339,
            "content": ": ; : :\nHYMH 2?,] THE RIGVEDA. 343\n4 Here at the midday sacrifice enjoy thou the sacrificial cake,\nwise, J&tavedas !\nAgni, the sages in assemblies never minish the portion due to\nthee the Mighty.\n5 0 Agni, at the third libation take with joy the offered cake of\nsacrifice, thou, Son of Strength.\nThrough skill insong bear to the Gods our sacrifice, watchful\nand fraught with riches, to Immortal Gods.\n6 0 waxing Agni, knower, thou, ofall, accept our gifts, the cake,\nAnd that prepared ere yesterday.\nHYMN\nXXIX. Agni\nHerb is the gear for friction, here tinder made ready for the\nspark.\nBring thou the Matron we will rub Agni in ancient fashion\n:\nforth.\n•2 In the two fire-sticks Jabavedas lieth, even as the well-set germ\nin pregnant women,\nAgni who day by day must be exalted by men who watch and\nworship with oblations.\n3 Lay this with care on that which lies extended : straight hath\nsheborne the Ste—er when made prolific. —\nWith his red pillar radiant is his splendour in our skilled\ntask is born the Son of Ila.\n4 InIla’s placewe setthee down, upon thecentral point ofearth,\nThat, Agni Jatavedas, thou mayst bear our offerings to the\nGods,\n5 Rub into life, ye men, the Sage, the guileless, Immortal, very\nwise and fair to look on.\nO men, bring forth the most propitious Agni, first ensign of\nthe sacrifice to eastward.\n1 Hereis thegearforfriction the word adhimdnthanam meansthe upper\n-fire-stick andthe string used inagitating it. The tinder is a tuftof dry\nKusagrass placed so astocatchtheflameproducedbyattrition. TheMatron\nthelowerpieceof woodin which the spark is genez’ated. S&yana explains\nthe wordvh^itnini, feminineofvhpati lord ofthepeople, asprotectress of\nmen by meansof the sacrificeswhichare, performedwiththe help ofthe fire\nwhichsheproduces.\n3 Lay thiswithcare: placethe upperfire-stick, whichistobe turned rap-\nidlyruund, upon thelowerpieceofwoodwhichis preparedto receiveit. The\n/Son oflid Agni.\n4 In IIVsplace onthe northern altar, the place of worship and libation,\norprayerand praise."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 340,
            "content": ": ;\n344 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK HI,\n6 Whenwiththeir arms they rub him straight he shineth forth\nlike a strong courser, red in colour, in the wood.\nBright, checkless, as it were upon the Asvins.’ path, hepasseth\nby the stones and burneth up the grass.\n7 Agni shines forth when born, observant, mighty, thebountiful,\ntheSingerpraised by sages\nWhom, as adorable andknowing allthings, Godsset at solemn\nrites as olFering-bearer.\n8 Set thee, 0 Priest, in thine ownplace, observant : lay doVra\nthe sacrifice in the home of woi’sliip.\nThou,dear to Gods, shaltservethem withoblation Agni, give\n:\nlong life to the sacrincer.\n9 Raise ye a mighty smoke, my fellow-workers Ye shall attain\n1\nto wealth without obstruction.\nThis Agni is the battle-winning Hero by whom the Gods have\n• overcome the Dasyus.\nJO This is thine ordered place of birth whence sprungto lifethou\nshonest forth.\nKnowingthis, Agni, sit theedown, andprosperthou the songs\nwe sing.\n11 As Germ Celestial he is called Tanunapat, and Narasansa born\ndiffused in varied shape.\nFormed in his Motherhe is Matarisvan he hath, inhiscourse,\n;\nbecome the rapid flight of wind.\n12 With strong attrition rubbed to life, laid down with careful\nhand, a Sage,\nAgni, make sacrifces good, and for the piousbring the Gods.\n13 Mortals havebroughtto life theGod Immortal, the Conqueror\nwith mighty jaws, unfailing.\nThe sisters ten, unwedded and united, together grasp the\nBabe, thenew-born Infant.\nServed by the seven priests, he shone forth from ancient time,\nwhen in his Mothers bosom, in her lap, he glowed.\nGiving delight each day he closeth not his eye, since froftt\nthe Asura’s body he was brought to life.\n6 Asitwereupon theAsvins'path: with thespeedoftheAsvins’ chariot.\n8 Inthineownplace: thecentreofthenorthaltar.\n11 A*Oerm Celestial: orchild oftheAsuraDyaus,thatis,in theform of\nlightning. In his Mother ; accordingtoS&yana,inthematernal atmosphere,\n13 Thesistersten ; the ringersusedin producingfire.\n14 TheAsura'sbody theAsurai~. *1 ‘v Byaus. ProfessorWilson,\nfollowingS&yana, translates, ‘from !, . : (spark-) emitting wood,’’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 341,
            "content": "HYMN 30.J THE MOVE DA. 346\n15 Even as the M&ruts1 onslaughts who attack the foe, those\nborn the first of all knew the full power of prayer.\nThe Eusikas have made theglorious hymn ascend, and, each\none singly in his home, have kindled fire.\n^\n16 As we, O Priest observant, have elected thee this day, what\ntime the solemn sacrificebegan,\n%\nSo surelyhast thouworshipped, surely hast thou toiled come\n:\nthou unto the Soma, wise and knowing all.\nHYMN XXX. Indra.\nThe friends who offer Soma long to find thee theypour forth\n:\nSoma and present theirviands.\nThey bear unmoved the cursing of the people, for all our\nwisdom comes from thee, 0 Indra.\n2 Not far for thee are mid-air’s loftiest regions start hither,\n:\nLord of Bays, with thy Bay Horses.\nMade for the Firm and Strong are these libations. The\npressing-stones are set and fire is kindled.\n3 Fair cheeks hath Indra, Maghavan, the Victor, Lord of a\ngreat host, Stormer, strong in action.\nWhat once thou didst in might when mortals vexed thee,—\nwhere now, 0 Bull, are those thy hero exploits%\n4 For, overthrowing what hath ne’er been shaken, thou goest\nforth alone destroying Vritras.\nFor him who followeth thy Law themountains and heaven\n- and earth stand as if firmly stablished.\n5 Yea, Much-invoked ! in safety through thy glories alone thou\nspakost truth asVritra’s slayer.\nE’en these two boundless worlds to thee, 0 Indra, what time\nthou graspest them, are but a handfuL\n6 Forth with thy Bay Steeds down the steep, 0 Indra, forth,\ncrushing foemen, go thy bolt of thunder!\nSlay those who meet thee, those who flee, who follow : make\nall thy promise true be all completed.\n;\n7 The inan to whom thou givest as Provider enjoys domestic\nplenty undivided.\nBlest, Indra, isthy favour dropping fatness : thy worship,\nMuch-invoked brings gifts in thousands.\n!\n8 Thou, Indrn, MuchInvoked didst crush to pieces Kun&ru\n1\nhandless fiend who dwelt with DAnu.\n15 Those born thefirst ofall;the mostancient Rishissuchas Kusikaand\nhissons.\n8 Kundvu; the name o£ademon. Edna: motherof Yritra. Seo I. 32. 9,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 342,
            "content": "::; :\n346 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IJI.\nThou with might, Indra, smotest dead the seorner, the\nfootless Vritra as he waxed in vigour.\n9 Thou hast established in her seat, 0 Indra, the level earth,\nvast, vigorous, unbounded.\nThe Bull hath propped the heaven and air’s mid-region; By\nthee sent onward let the floods flow hither.\n10 He who withheld the kine, in silence yielded in fear before\nthy blow 0 Indra.\nHe made paths easy to drive forth the cattle. Loud-breath-\ning praises helped the Much-invoked One.\n11 Indra alone filled full the earth and heaven, the Pair who\nmeet together, rich in treasures.\nYea, bring thou near usJro.n the air’s mid-region strength,\non thy car, and wholesome food, 0 Hero.\n12 Surya transgresses not the ordered limits set daily by the\nLord of Tawny Coursers.\nWhen to the goal he comes, bis journey ended, his Steeds he\nlooses : this is Indra’s doing.\n13 Men gladly in the course of night would look on the broad\nbright front of the refulgent Morning\n;\nAnd all acknowledge, when she comes in glory, the manifold\nand goodly works of Indra.\n14 A mighty splendour rests upon her bosom bearing ripe milk\n:\nthe Cow, unripe, advances.\nAll sweetness is collected in the Heifer, sweetness wThieh\nIndra made for our enjoyment.\n15 Barring the way, they come.- Be firm, 0 Indra; aid friends\nto sacrifice and him who singeth.\nThese must be slain by thee, -malignant mortals, armed with\nill arts, our quiver-bearing foemen.\n16 A cry is heard from enemies most near us : against them\nsend thy fiercest-flaming weapon.\nBend them from under, crush them and subdue them. Slay,\nMaghavan, and make the fiends our booty.\n9 The Hall the mightyIndra.\n10 In silence: IadoptProf.M.Muller’sinterpretation(YedicHymns, I.pp.\n'227, 228) of the difficult word aldtrindh, 'which had evidently become\nunintelligibleeven atthetimeof Y&ska.’\n*1% Setdaily with reference, perhaps, as Professor Ludwig remarks, -to\ntheapparentchangein thesun’splaceof rising.\n14 The Cow and theHeifer beneficentUsliasor Morning.\n,\n15 Theycome thosewhorevileand hindertheworshipof Indra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 343,
            "content": ".\njftrMN SlJ THE MIGVEDA. 347\n17 Root up the race of Rakshasas, 0 Indra ; rend it in front and\ncrush it in the middle.\nHow long hast thou behaved as one who wavers 1 Cast thy\nhot dart at him who hates devotion «\n:\n18 When borne by strong Steeds for our weal, 0 Leader, thou\nseatest thee at many noble viands,\nMay we be winners of abundant riches. May Indra be our\nwealth with store of children.\n19 Bestow on us resplendent wealth, 0 Indra; let us enjoy thine\n* overflow of bounty.\nWide as a sea our longing hath expanded, fulfil it, 0 thou\nTreasure-Loi'd of treasures.\n20 With kine and horses satisfy this longing with verysplendid\nbounty still extend it. ;\nSeeking the light, with hymns to thee, 0 Indra, the Kusikas\nhave brought their gift, the singers.\n21 Lord of the kine, burst the kine’s stable open : cows shall be\nours, and strength that wins the booty.\nHero, whose might is true, thy home is heaven : to us, 0\nMaghavan, grant gifts of cattle.\n22 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Hero in this\nfight whei^e spoil is gathered,\nThe Strong who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Vritras, wins and gathers riches.\nf HYMN XXXI. Indra.\nWise, teaching, following the thought of Order, the soilless\ngained a grandson from his daughter.\nFain, as a sire, to see his child prolific, he sped to meet her\nwith an eager spirit.\n1 Iam unable to give a satisfactory or even an intelligible version or\nexplanationof the first twostanzas which appear to attribute,in avery\nobscure manner, toAgniand the Gods in heaven thecustoms orlaws of\nsuccessiontopropertyamongmen. Inthefirststanzavdhnih, which usually\nmeansanoblation-bearer,a sacrificer, apriest, oronewhoisbornealong asa\nGodinacelestial car, is said by Sftyana to mean sonless, the father of a\ndaughter only, because he transfers his property through his married\ndaughter into another family. The sonless father, according to B&yapa,\n*stipulatesthathis daughter’sson, his grandson, shall behisson, a modeof\naffiliationrecongnizedby law and, relyingon anheirthus obtained, and one\nwhocanperform hisfuneral r; ites, heis satisfied.’ This maybe intelligible,\nbutwhatithasto dowith Agnior withthe restof thehymn isnat clear.\nGrassmanntakes vdhnih tomean theupper fire-stick, and 'thedaughter to\nmean thelowerpieceofwood."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 344,
            "content": ": : : ; ;: : : :\n348 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK TIL\n2 The Son left not his portion to the brothel, he made a home\nto hold him who sheaid gain it*\nWhat time his Parents gave the Priest his being, of the good\npair one acted, one promoted.\n3 Agni was horn trembling with tongue that flickered, so that\nthe Red’s great children should be honoured.\nGreatis their germ, that born of them is mighty, great the\nBays’ Lord’s approach through sacrifices.\n4 Conquering bands upon the Warrior waited they recognized\n:\ngreat light from out the darkness.\nThe conscious Dawns wentforth tomeet his coming, and the\nsole Master of the kine was Indra.\n5 The sages freed them from their firm-built prison the seven\n:\npriests drave them forwa4rd with their spirit.\nAll holy Order’s pathway they discovered he, full of know-\n:\nledge, shared these deeds through worship,\n6 When Sarama had found the mountain’s fissure, that vast and\nancient place she plundered throughly.\nIn the floods’ van she led them forth, light-footed : she who\nwell knew came first unto their lowing.\n7 Longing for friendship came the noblest singer : the hill pour-\ned forth its treasure for the pious.\n2 TheSon leftnothisportiontothebrother Wilson,following Sayana tran-\nslates: ‘(ason) bornof the body does not transfer (paternal) wealthto a\nsister.’ Ludwigtabesthemeaningto be : thebodilyson (of Dyaus,or of the\nheavenlywaters) did nottransmithisinheritance(that is, sacrifice) to abro-\nther. Ahome theplants whichreceive andhold Agni, who obtains the in-\nheritanceofsacrifice. IIisParents perhaps thefiresticks, one ofwhich by\nagitationproducestheflameintheother. Thegoodpair theterrestrialofferer\nwho performs the sacrifice, andthe celestial offerer who makesit effectual.\nSeeBergaigne,LaReligion Vedique, I. 234.\nLudwigallows thatthemeaningofthefirsttwostanzasisproblematical,and\nWilsonsaysofhisown translation: thesetwo verses, ifrightly interpreted,\narewhollyunconnected with thesubject of the Siikta,and comein without\nanyapparentobject : theyareveryobscure, andareonly madesomewhat in-\ntelligiblebyinterpretationswhichseemtobearbitrary,and arevery unusual,\nalthoughnotpeculiartoSayaru,hisexplanationsbeingbasedonthoseofIblskad\n3 The Red'sgreatchildren thehotraysofthe glowingfire. That born of\nthem; Indra’scoming, whichiscaused by thekindlingofsacriricalfire.\n4^ Conquering bnids the over-victorious Marufcs, The Warrior Indra,\n.theirleader. Masterofthekine; reeovererofthevanishedraysoflight.\n5 Thesagesandthesevenpriests arethe Angirases.\n6 Saramd the hound of Indra. See I. 62. 3. In thefloods'van : hasten-\ningoutof themountain cavernin advanceof the liberated waters. Them;\nthecows,thewatersandtheraysoflight\n7 Thenoblestsinger; asanounofmultitude, alltheAngirases,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 345,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN SI.] THE RIGVEDA. 349\nThe Hero with young followers fought and conquered, and\nstraightway Angiras was singing praises.\n8 Peer of each noble thing, yea, all-excelling, all creatures doth\nhe know, he slayeth Suslina. 19\nOur Leader, fain for war, singing from heaven, as Friend ha\nsaved his lovers from dishonour.\n.\n9 They sate them down with spirit fain for booty, making with\nhymns a way to life eternal.\nAnd this is still theirplace of frequent session, whereby they\nsought togain the months through Order.\n10 Drawing the milk of ancient seed prolific, they joyed as they\nbeheld their own possession.\nTheir shout of triumph heated earth and heaven. When the\nkine showed, they bade the heroes rouse them.\n11 Indra dravo forth the kine, that Vritra-slayer, while hymns\nof praise rose up and gifts were offered.\nFor him the Cow, noble and far-extending, poured pleasant\njuices, bringing oil and sweetness.\n12 They made a mansion for their Father, deftly provided him a\ngreat and glorious dwelling\nWith firm supportparted and s; tayed the Parents, and, sitting,\nfixe:l him there erected, mighty.\n13 What time the ample chalice had impelled him, swift waxing,\nvast, to pierce the earth and heaven,\nHim in whom blameless songsare all united : all powersinvim\ncible belong to Indra.\n14 1 crave thy powers, I crave thy mighty friendship : full many\na team goes to the V'fitra-alayer.\nGreat is the laud, we seek the Prince’s favour. Be thou, O\nMaghavan, our guard and keeper.\nTheHero : Ipdra with hisalliesthe Marais.\n9 They: theAngirases, whohad been eager torecover thecows. To gain\nthe months : to acquirethe power ofkeepingthemonthlyfestivals.\n10 Or, 4They joyed toseethem, as theirown possession, yieldingthemilk\nof ancient seedprolific.’ The Angirases rejoiced astheyagain beheld therays\nof light, sheddingwhatoriginates and supportsall life. SAyana’s rendering\nofthisdifficultstanza isthus given by Wilson\n:\nfComte;nplatingtheir own\n(cattle)givingmilk to theirformer progeny (the Any irasas) were delighted\n;\ntheirshoutsspread throughheaven and earth they replacedthe recovered\nkinein their [daces,and stationed guardsovert; hecows.’\n12 FortheirFather accordingto B&yana, for their protector Indra. But\nAgni maybemeant, themansion beingthe placeof sacrifice. The Parents:\nHeavenandBarth,parents ofallthings.\n13 The amplechalice thebowlofSomajuice. But, according toLudwig,\nBhishdridhereandelsewhere,meansearnestwish, longing.\n14 Fallmanyateam: hymnssentforthliketeams ofhorses."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 346,
            "content": "; : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF IBOOK JIL\n15 He, having found great, splendid, rich dominion, sent life and\nmotion to his friends and lovers.\nIndra who shone together with the Heroes begat the song,\nthe£re, and Sun and Morning.\n16 Vast, the Hoitse-Friend, he set the waters flowing, all-lucid,\nwidely spread, that move together.\nBy the wise cleansings of the meath made holy, through days\n.\nand nights they speed the swift streams onward.\n17 To thee proceed the dark, the treasure-holders, both of them\nsanctified by Siirya’s bounty,\nThe while thy lovely storming Friends, 0 Indra, fail to attain\nthe measure of thy greatness.\n18 Be Lord ofjoyous songs, 0 Vritra-slayer, Bull dear to all, who\ngives the power of living.\nCome unto us with thine auspicious friendship, hastening,\nMighty One, with mighty succours.\n19 Like Angiras I honourhim withworship, andrenovateold song\nfor him the Ancient.\nChase thouthemanygodlessevil creatures,andgiveys, Magha-\nvan, heaven’s light to help us.\n20 Far forth are spread the purifying waters convey thou us\n:\nacross them unto safety!\nSave us, our Charioteer, from harm, 0 Indra, soon, very soon,\nmake us win spoil of cattle. . «\n21 His kine their Lord hath shown, e’en Vritra’s slayer through\n:\nthe black hosts he passed with red attendants.\nTeaching us pleasant things by holy Order, to us hath he\nthrown open all his portals.\n22 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Heroin thislight\nwhere spoil is gathered,\nThe Strong who listens, who gives aidin battles, who slaysthe\nVritras, wins and gathers riches.\n16 By thewisecleansings oraccordingtoSdyana, thewisepurifiers, thatis,\nAgni, V&yu,andSurya, whoactaspurifiersofthelibationofSomajuice.\nNi1 g7 htT ah ne dd Dar ak y, .the Stt or rea ms iu nr ge- Fh ro ild ee nr ds s: or t, heth Me ard ua tr sk .oneandthetreasure-holder ;\n20 Thepurifying waters: theepithetpdvaMh, purifying,is entirelyout of\nplacehere. Ludwigsuggestspdpakdh, wicked, whichwould bemoresuitable.\n21 Kine raysoflight. Medattendants; theMaruts.\n‘c oftheversesin this hymn/ Prof. Wilson observes, care of more\nthanusualobscurity.’ Prof. GrassmannplacesthehymninhisAppendix."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 347,
            "content": ": ;\nMYMN 3*2;} THE RIGVEDA. 351\nHYMN XXXIL\nIndra.\nDrink thou this Soma, Indra, Lord of Soma drink thou the\n;\ndraught ofnoonday which thou lovest.\nPuffing thy cheeks, impetuous,^ liberal Giver, hereloose thy\ntwo Bay Horses and rejoice thee.\n2 Quaff it pure, meal-blent, mixt with milk, 0 Indra ; we have\npoured forth the Soma for thy rapture.\nKnit with the prayer-fulfilling band of Maruts, yea, with the\nRudras, drink till thou art sated\n3 Thosewhogave increaseto thystrength and vigour, theMaruts\nsinging forth thy might, 0 Indra.\nDrink thou, 0 fair of cheek, whose hand wields thunder, with\nRudras banded, at our noon libation.\n4 They, even the Maruts who were there, excited with song the\nmeath-created strength of Indra.\nBy themimpelledto acthe reachedthe vitalsof Vritra,though\nhe deemed that none might wound him.\n. v\n5 Pleased, like a man, with our libation, Indra, drink, for endur-\ning hero might, the Soma.\nLord of Bays, moved by sacrifice come hither thouwith the\n:\nSwift Ones stirrest floods and waters.\n6 When thou didst loose the streams to run like racers in the\nswift contest, having smitten Vritra\nWith flying weapon where he lay, 0 Indra, and, godless, kept\nthe Goddesses encompassed.\n7 With reverence let us worship mighty Indi*a, great and sub-\nlime, eternal, ever-youthful,\nWhose greatness the dear world-halves have not measured, no,\nnor conceived the might of him the Holy.\n8 Many are Indra’s nobly wrought achievements, and non6 of all\nthe Gods transgress his statutes.\nHe beareth up this earth and heaven, and, doer of marvels, he\nbegat the Sun and Morning.\n1 Pujincf thy cheeks: meaning,apparently,smackingthylips inanticipation\nof the Sonia-draught. Sflyanaexplains it.as, ‘filling their(Indra's horses’)\njawswithfodder.’ Impetuous: thisappearstobe themeaningofthe epithet\nrijtshin asderivedfromtherootrij,ratherthan, asSftyanaexplainsit, ‘drinker\nofthespiritlessresidueoftheSoma.’ Thelattermeaning,however, isadmis-\nsible, andissupportedbygood authority.\n3 The Marutssingingforth thy might thesongofthe—Marutsis the music\nof *ThewingM storm’s, chauntingtheirthunder-psalm,’ Shelley.\n5 Likeaman : ot } as thou wastpleased with thelibation of Manu.\nTheSwift Ones: the Maruts.\n\" 6 The Goddesses: theheaven'y waters.\n7 Thedear world-halves: heaven and earth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 348,
            "content": ": ; :\n352 THEHYMN'S OF [BOOK III.\n'9 Herein, 0 Guileless One, is thy true greatness, that soon as\nhorn thou (frankest up the Soma.\nBays may not check the power of thee the Mighty, nor the\nnights, Indra, nor the months, nor autumns.\n10 As soon as thou wast bom in highest heaven thou drankest\nSoma to delight thee, Indra\n;\nAnd when thou hadst pervaded earth and heaven thou wast\nthe first supporter of the singer.\n11 Thou, puissant God, more mighty, slowest Ahi showing his\nstrength when couched around the waters.\nThe heaven itself attained not to thy greatness when with one\nhip of thine the earth was shadowed.\n12 Sacrifice, Indra, made thee wax so mighty, the dear oblation\nwith the flowing Soma.\n0Worshipful, withworshiphelpourworship, forworshiphelped\nthy bolt when slaying Ahi.\n13 With sacrifice and wish have I brought Indra still for new\nblessings may [ turn him hither, j\nHim magnified by ancient songs and praises, by lauds of later\ntime and days yet recent. ^\n14 I have brought forth a song when longing seized me : ere the\ndecisive day will I laud Indra\nThen may he safely bear us over trouble, as in a ship, when\nboth sides invooate him.\n15 Full is las chalice : Glory 1 Like a pourer I have filled up the\nvessel forhis dripking.\nPresented on the right, dear Soma juices have brought us\nIndra, to rejoice him, hither.\n16 Hot the .deep-flowing flood, 0 Much-invoked One ! not hills\nthat compass thee about restrain thee,\nSince here incited, for thy friends, 0 Indra, thou brakost e’en\nthe firm-built stall of cattle.\n17 Call we on Maghavau, auspicious Indra, best Heroin tho fight\nwhere spoil is gathered,\nThe Strong who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Vritras, wins and gathers riches.\n11 Whenwithonekipofthinethoearth <iimshadowed Prof. Wilson,follow-\ningSayana,translates: ‘as th»u remaiuwlst concealing the earth by oneof\n{thy)flames/and observesthat rhemeaning is not veryclear. But aphid\nmeansahipanti nota flame, and the poet appearstomean thataportion of\nIndra’s bodyshadowed orcovered theearth whiletherestwasin theheavens.\nSo,in BookX. 119 11, Indra is represented as saying when exhilarated by\nS tio ema sk: y,di av ni dme\nI\nha an vy e'tt dy rp aal we nsht t) he\\i oh t6 heran dy od wm n.aehtkrisham % one side of me isin\n14 Erethedecisive day un theeveof auimportant,battle."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 349,
            "content": ": ,\nHYMN 33.] THE MG YEDA, 353\nHYMN\nXXXIII. Indra.\nForth from the bosom of the mountains, eager as two swift\nmares with loosened rein contending,\nLike two bright mother cows who lick their youngling,\nVip&s and Sutudri speed down their waters.\n2 Impelled by Indra whom ye pray to urge you, ye move as\n’twere on chariots to the ocean.\nFlowingtogether, swelling withyourbillows, 0 lucid Streams,\neach of you seeks the other.\n3 I have attained the most maternal River, wehave approached\nVipas, the broad, the blessed.\nLicking as ’tweretheir calf the pair of Mothers flow onward\nto their common home together.\n4 We two who rise and swell with billowy waters move forward\nto the home which Gods have made us.\nOur flood may not be stayed when urged to motion. What\nwould the singer, calling to the Rivers ?\n5 Linger a little at my friendly bidding rest, Holy Ones, a\n;\nmoment in your journey.\nWith hymn sublime soliciting your favour Kusika’s son hath\ncalled unto the River.\n6 Indra who wields the thunder dug our channels he smote\n:\ndown Vritra, him who stayed our currents.\nSavitar, God, the lovely-handed, led us, and at his sending\nforth we flow expanded.\nThehymn is adialoguebetweenVisv&mitraandtherivers VipftsandSutu-\ndri whoareregarded severallyasthe Rishis orseers of the verses ascribed to\nthem. The legend cited by S£yana’says that Visv&mitra, thePurohitaor\nfamily priestof King Sud&s, havingobtained wealth by. meansof his office,\ntook thewholeof itand cametotheconfluence of theVip&sand theSutudri.\nOthersfollowed. In orderto make theriversfordablehe lauded them with\nthe firstthreeversesof thehymn. Thehymnhas some poeticalbeauty,and\nis interesting as a relic of thetraditions of theAryansregardingtheirpro-\ngress eastwardin the Landofthe Five Rivers.\n1 Viptis.* considered to be identical with the Hyphasis of Arrian, is the\nmodern Beils which rises in the Himalaya and falls yito the Sutlej, the\n&itudriof thetext, alittletothesouth-eastof Amritsar.\n4 Theriversspeakinreply toVisvftmitra’s address.\nSch5 olV iai ss tv s& ,m Yit &r sa kas ape na dks Sca tyg aa ni an ,. thA et mem ay nif nr gie on fdl my eb vi dd cd hi an sg e: soa mc yc fo tr yd ai in sg\n,\n‘t to omth ye\nspeechimportingthe Soma ’ thatis, the objectof myaddressisthatImay\ncross over and gather the;Soma-plant. The word somyd consistingof, con-\nnected with, or inspired by, Soma, appears to have here its more general\nmeaningof lovely, pleasant,orfriendly. Husika'sson Visv&mitra.\n6 Therivers speak. Savitar: said byS&yanatobe used hereasanepithet\nof Indra, ftheimpellerof thewholeworld,’\n23"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 350,
            "content": ";\n354 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK ill\n.\n7 That hero deed of Indra must be lauded for*ever that he i^ent\nAhi in pieces.\nHe smote away the obstructed with his thunder, and eager\nfor their course forth flowed the waters.\n8 Never forget this word of thine, 0 singer, which future gene-\nrations shall reecho.\nIn hymns, 0 bard, show us thy loving-kindness. Humble us\nnot mid men. To thee be honour\ni\n9 List quickly, Sisters, to the bard who eometh to you from far\naway with car and wagon.\nBow lowly down; beeasy to be traversed: stay, Rivers, with\nyour floods below our axles.\n10 Yea, we will listen to thy words, 0 singer. With wain and\ncar from far away thou comest.\nLow, like a nursing mother, willI bend me,and yield me as a\nmaiden to her lover.\n11 Soon as the Bhai'atas have fared across thee, thewarrior band,,\nurged on and sped by Indra,\nThen let your streams flow on in rapid motion. I crave your\nfavour who deserve our worship.\ni2 Thewarriorhost, the Bharatas, fared over\n:\nthesinger won the\nfavour of the Rivers.\nSwellwithyour billows, hasting, pouring riches. Fill fullyour\nchannels, and roll swiftly onward.\n13 So let yourwavebear upthe pins, and ye, 0 Waters, sparethe\nthongs\nAnd nevermaythe pair of Bulls, harmless and sinless, waste\naway.\nHYMN XXXIV.\nindra.\nFort-renuer, Lord of Wealth, dispelling foemen, Indra with\nlightnings hath o’ercome the Dasa.\n7 Visvamitraspeaks.\n8 The riversspeak.\n9 Visvaraitraspeaks.\n10 Therivers speak.\n11 Visvdmitraspeaks. TheBharatas: thefamilyof Visv&mitra.\n13 Thisverse,inadifferentmetre,,ismanifestlyalateraddition. Thepins:\nof the yokes. The pair of Bulls: the two strong rushing rivers. Of.\nHorace’s tauriformisAufidus. Prof. Wilson, followingSftyana, gives a some-\nwhat different versionof thestanza: ‘Let your waves (rivers)soflowthat\nthe pin of the yoke maybe above(their)waters : leavethe tracesfull, and\nmay (thetwostreams) exempt from misfortune or defect,and uncensured,\nexhibitno (present)increase.’ 1\n1 Fort-render ; breaker-downof the cloud-castlesof thedemonswhowith-\nholdtherainaswellas of thestrongholdsof thehostile non-Aryan tribes,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 351,
            "content": ":\nHtMN 34.] THE RIGVXDA. 3&5\nImpelled by prayer and waxen great in body, lie hath filled\nearth and heaven, the Bounteous Giver.\n2 I stimulate tliy zeal, the Strong, the Hero, decking my song\nof praise for thee Immortal. #\n0 Indra, thou art equally the Leader of heavenly hosts and\nhuman generations.\n3 Leadinghis band Indra encompassed Vritra; weak grew the\nwily leader of enchanters.\n- He who burns fierce in forests slaughtered Yyansa, and made\nthe Milch-kine of the nights apparent.\n4 Indra, light-winner, days5 Creator, conquered, victorious, hos-\ntile bands with those who loved him.\nFor man the days5 bright ensign he illumined, and found the\nlight for his great joy and gladness,\n5 Forward to fiercely falling blows pressed Indra, herolike\ndoing.many hero exploits.\nThese holy songs he taught the bard who praised him, and\nwidely spread these Dawns5 resplendent colour.\n6 They laud the mighty acts of him the Mighty, the many\nglorious deeds performed by Indra.\nHe in his strength, with all-surpassing prowess, through\nwondrous arts crushed the malignant Dasyus.\n7 Lord of the brave, Indra who rules the people gave freedom\nto the Gods by might and battle.\nWise singers glorify with chanted praises these his achieve-\nWs\nments in Vivasv dwelling.\nt\n8 Excellent, Conqueror, the victory-giver, the winner of the\nlight and Godlike Waters, —\nHe who hath won this broad earth and this heaven, in\nIndra they rejoice who love devotions.\n9 He gained possession of the Sun and Horses, Indra obtained\nthe Cow who feedeth many.\nTreasure of gold he^won he smote the Dasyus, and gave\n;\nprotection to the Aryan colour.\n3 Hewhoburnsfierce in forests: perhapsthe thunderbolt. Vyansa ; the\nname of one of the demons of drought. SeeI. 101. 2,and 103, 2.\nMadethe MUch-Hneof the nights apparent according to Sflyana, ‘made\nmanifest the (stolen) cows (that had been hidden) inthe night ;’ thatis,\nrecoveredtheraysof light.\n7 In Vivasvdns dwelling in the sacrificial chamber,in' thehomeof the\nworshipper who represents Vivasv&n, the Radiant God, regarded as the\nCelestialSacrificer.\n9 The Aryan colour; or, raceof Aryas ; accordingto S&yana, thenoblest\ntribeororder, meaning the first threeclassesorcastes."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 352,
            "content": ";\n356 TBE HYMNS OF [BOOK 111 .\n10 He tookthe plants and days for his possession• he gainedthe\nforest trees and air’s mid-region.\nYala he cleft, and chased away opponents : thus was he tamer\nof the overweening.\n11 Call we onMaghayap, auspicious Ipdra, bestHero inthe fight\nwhere spoil is gathered,\nThe Strong, who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Vritras, wins and gathers treasures.\nHYMN XXXY.\nIpdra,\nMountthe Bay Horses to thy chariot harnessed, and come to\nus like Y&yu with his coursers.\nThou, hastening to us, shalt drink the Soma. Hail, Indra\n!\nWe have poured it for thy rapture.\n2 Forhim, theGod who is invokedby many, thetwo swift Bay\nSteeds to the pole I harness,\nTh. at they in fleet course may bring Indrahither, e’en to this\nsacrifice ai’ranged completely.\n3 Bring the strong Steeds who drink the warm libation, and,\nBull of Godlike nature, be thou gracious.\nLet thy Steeds eat set free thy Tawny Horses, apd roasted\n;\ngrain like this consume thou daily.\n4 Those who are yoked by prayer with prayer I harness, fleet\nfriendly Bays who take their joy together.\nMounting thy firm and easy car, 0 Indra, wise and all-know-\ning come thou to the Soma.\n5 No other worshippers must stay beside thepi thy Bays, thy\nvigorous and smooth-backed Coursers.\nPass by them all and hasten onward hither: with Soma\npressed we will prepare to feast thee.\n6 Thine is this Soma : hasten to approach it, Drink thou there-?\nof, benevolent, and cease not.\nSit on the sacred grass at this ourworship, apd take these\ndrops into thy belly, Indra.\n.\n7 The grass is strewn for thee, pressed is the Soma; the graip\nisready for thy Bays tofeed on.\nTo thee who lovest them, the very mighty, strong, girt by\nMaruts, are these gifts presented.\n2 7harness myprayercausesIndratoharness.\n3 Whodrinkthewarm libationt or, accordingto S&yana,*whoprotect.us\nfrom our enemies.’ Roasted grain; ftiedbarley, accordingto Sayana. The\ngrainwouldappeartobeintendedforIndra’shorses, Secstanza7."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 353,
            "content": "—\n,; : : : :\nBVMtf 36.] f&E MOVED A. 357\n8 This the sweet draught, with cows, the men, the mountains,\nthewaters, Indra, have for thee made ready.\nCome, drink thereof, Sublime One, friendly-minded, foreseeing,\nknowing well the ways thou goest.\n9 The Maruts, they with whom thou sharedst Soma, fndra, who\nmade thee strong and were thine army,\nWith these accordant, eagerly desirous drink thou this Soma\nwith the tongue of Agni.\n10 Drink, Indra, of the juice by thine own nature, or by the\ntongue of Agni, 0 thou Holy.\nAccept the sacrificial gift, 0 Sakra, from the Adhvaryu’s hand\nor from the HotaFs.\n11 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Hero in the fight\nwherespoil is gathered,\nThe Strong, who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Yritras, wins and gathers riches.\nHYMN XXXYI. Indra.\nWith constant succours, fain thyself to share it, make this\noblation which we bring effective.\nGrown great through strengthening gifts at each libation, he\nhath become renowned by mighty exploits.\n2 For Indra were the Somas erst discovered, whereby he grew\nstrong-jointed, vast, and skilful.\nIndra, takequickly thesepresentedjuices\n:\ndrink ofthestrong,\nthat which the strong have shaken.\n3 Drink and wax great. Thine arethe juices, Indra, bothSomas\nof old time and these we bring thee.\nEven as thou drankest, Indra, earlier Somas, so drink to-day,\na new guest, meet for praises.\n4 Great and impetuous, mighty-voiced in battle, surpassing\npower is his, and strength resistless.\nHim the broad earth hath never comprehended when Somas\ncheered the Lord of Tawny Coursers.\n8 Withcoios thatis, withthemilkwhichismixed with Soma. Themen :\nwho mate all preparations forthe sacrifice. The mountains on which the\nSomagrows orperhaps thepressing-stones broughtfromthehill-side. The\n;\nwaters: usedtopurifythe Soma.\n10 Bythineownnature: bythineown strength, or effort spontaneously.\nSakra Mighty One acommon name of Indra. ;\n;\n2 Brinkof thestrong thatis, of thestrong Soma juice, which has been\nshaken i.e. violentlypressedout,bythestrongpressing-stones.\n4 Mighty-voiced theexactmeaningof viropsinisuncertain. Prof.Wilson\nrenders it, afterS&yana,by ‘defierof foes,’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 354,
            "content": ": : : ;\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK TIL\n5 Mighty and strong he waxed for hero exploit : the Bull was\nfurnished with a Sage's wisdom.\nIndra is our kind Lord; his steers have vigour ; his cows are\nmany with abundant offspring,\n6 As floodsaccording to their stream flow onward, so to the sea,\nas borne on cars, the waters.\nVaster is Indra even than his dwelling, what time the stalk\nmilked out, the Soma, fills him,\n7 Eager to mingle with the sea, the rivers carry the well-pressed\nSoma juice to Indra.\nThey drain the stalk outwith their arms, quick-handed, and\ncleanse it with a stream of mead and filters.\n8 Like lakes appear his flanks filled fullwithSoma yea, hecon-\n:\ntains libations in abundance.\nWhen Indra had consumed the first sweet viands, he, after\nslaying Vritra, claimedthe Soma.\n8 Then bring thou hither, and let none prevent it we know\n:\nthee well, the Lord of wealthand treasure.\nThat splendid gift which is thine own, 0 Indra, vouchsafe to\nus, Lord of the Tawny Coursers.\n10 0 Indra, Maghavan, impetuous mover, grant us abundant\nwealth that brings all blessings.\nGive us a hundred autumns for our life-time give us, 0 fair-\n:\ncheeked Indra, store of heroes.\n11 Call we on Indra, Maghavan, auspicious, bestHerointhefight\nwhere spoil is gathered,\nThe Strong, who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Vritras, wins and gathers riches.\nHYMN XXXVII.\nIndra.\n0 Tndba, for the strength that slays Vritra and conquers in\nthe fight,\nWe turn thee hitherward to us.\n5 His cows: I followS&yana, Roth, Ludwig, and Grassmannin giving this\n^meaningto ddkshinrth, asthe meaning ‘guerdons,’ ‘donations,’ does notsuit\nthepassage.\n6 Asliversincreasethesizeof theocean, so libations of Soma juice aug-\nment the greatness of Indra until heis toovastforhishometheheaven to\ncontainhim.\n7 Thesea, perhapsthesacrificialreservoir. Therivers; watersusedinthe\nSomaceremonies.\nTheydrain thatis,the officiatingpriests.\n9 Bringthouhither bringthewealthforwhichwepray,\n10, A hundredautumns seeI. 89, 9,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 355,
            "content": "J: : ;:\nHYMN 88. THE MOVE DA, 359\n2 0 Indra, Lord of Hundred Powers, may those who praise thee\nhitherward\nDirect thy spirit and thine eye,\n3 0 Indra, Lord of Hundred Powers, with all our songs we in-\n0\nvocate\nThy names for triumphover foes.\n4 We strive for glory through the powers immenseof him whom\nmany praise,\nOf Indra who supports mankind.\n5 For Vritra’s slaughter I addressIndra whom many invocate,\nTo win us booty inthe wars.\n6 Inbattlesbevictorious. We seekthee,LordofHundredPowers,\nIndra, that Vritra may be slain.\n7 In splendid combats of the hosts, in glories where the fight\nis won,\nIndra, be victor over foes.\n8 Drink thou the Soma for our help, bright, vigilant, exceeding\nstrong,\n0 Indra, Lord of Hundred Powers.\n9 0 Satakratu, powers which thou mid the Five Races hast dis-\nplayed—\nThese, Indra, do I claim of*thee.\n10 Indra,greatgloryhastthougained. Win splendidfame which\nnone may mar\nWe make thy might perpetual.\n11 Come to us either from anear, or, Sakra, come from far away.\nIndra, wherever he thy home, come to us thence, 0 Thunder-\narmed.\nHYMN XXXVIII. Indra.\nHasttng like some strong courser good at drawing, a thought\nhave I imagined like a workman.\nPondering what is dearest and most noble, I long to see the\nsages full of wisdom.\n2 Thosewho ‘praise thee: theinstitutorsof thesacrifice.\nS Vigilant accordingto S&yaua, Somapreventssleep,\n9 Satakratu Lord of ahundred, or countless, powers.\nTheFiveFaces: Indraisthespecialprotectorof thefive Aryantribes.\nThishymn is ascribed to the Tlislii Prajdpati, of tlie familyof Visv&mitra,\norPrajftpati, son of Vfik, orbothtogether, orVisvamitra himself. Tliedeity\nis said to be Indra, although he is mentioned only intheconcludingvgrae.\nThe hymnis intentionallyobscure,andinpartsunintelligible.\n1 Likeaxoorkman: asacarpenterprepareshis wood.\n1long toseethesages thatI maylearnfromthem whatI wishtoknow."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 356,
            "content": ": :: :\n360 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK Jit\n2 Askof the sages1mightygenerations\n:\nfirm-minded anddevout\nthey framed the heaven.\nThese are thy heart-sought strengthening directions, and they\nhave come to be the sky’s upholders.\n3 Assuming in this world mysterious natures, they decked the\nheaven and earth forhigh dominion,\nMeasured with measures, fixed their bimd expanses, set the\ngreat worlds apart held firm for safety.\n4 Even as he mounted up they alladornedhim : self-luminoushe\ntravels clothedin splendour.\nThat is the Bull’s, the Asura’s mighty figure: he, omniform,\nhath reached the eternal waters.\n5 First the more ancient Bull engendered offspring: these are\nhis many draughts that lent him vigour.\nFrom days of old ye Kings, two Sons of Heaven, by hymns of\nsacrifice have won dominion.\n6 Three seats ye Sovrans, in the holy synod, many, yea, all, ye\nhonourwith your presence.\nThere saw I, going thither in the spirit, Gandharvas in their\ncourse with wind-blowntresses.\n7 That same companionship of her, the Milch-cow, here withthe\nstrong Bull’s divers forms they stablished.\nEnduing still some new- celestial figure, the skilful workers\nshaped a form around him.\n8 Letno onehere debarme fromenjoying thegolden lightwhich\nSavitar diffuses.\nHe covers both all-fostering worlds with praises even as a wo-\nman cherishes her children.\n3 Forhighdominion thatIndramightruleoverthem.\n4 Evenashemounted : thatis,IndraastheSun.\nTheeternalwaters or,accordingto Prof. Roth, ‘theforcesofeternity/\n5 Themoreancient Bull IndraastheSun.\nTwoSonsofHeaven orofDyaus\n,*\nVaninaandperhapsMitra.\n6 Thethreeseatsareheaven, thefirmament ormid-air,andtheearth. The\npoetappears tomean, bythe wordsthat follow, that noplaceof sacrifice is\ndulyconsecratedunlessthese Godsarepresent.\nThe Gandharvas, accordingtotheScholiast, aretheguardians oftheSoma.\nHere,probably,theyaremerelysunbeams.\n7 The Milch-cow isDawn, andthe strong Bullis apparently Indraas the\nSun.* ‘Thisstanza/ ProfessorWilsonremarks, ‘is singularlyobscure, and is\nveryimperfectlyexplainedbythecommentators/\n8 Thisstanzaalsois hardlyintelligible."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 357,
            "content": ": : :; : ; : :\nEYMN TEM hiqymda.\n39.1 36l\n9 Fulfil, ye Twain, his work, the Great,the Ancient r asheavenly\nblessing keep your guard around us.\nAll the wise Gods behold his varied actions who stands erect*\nwhose voice is like a herdsman's.\n10 Call we on Indra, Maghavan, auspicious, best Hero in the4\nfight where spoil is gathered,\nThe Strong, who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays-\nthe Vritras, wins and gathers riches,\nHYxAHNf XXXIX, Ia&a,\nTo Indrafromtheheartthehymnproceedeth, to hirnthe Lord*\nrecited, built withpraises\nThe wakening song sung forth in holy synod that Which i&\n:\nborn for thee, 0 Indra, notice.\n2 Born from the heaven e'en in the days aforetime, wakening*\nsung aloud in holy synod,\nAuspicious, clad in white and shining raiment, this is the\nancient hymn of our forefathers.\n3 The Mother of the Twins hath borne Twin Children my\n:\ntongue’s tip raised itself and rested silent.\nKillingthedarknessatthelight'sfoundation,theCouple newly\nborn attain their beauty.\n4 Not one is found among them, none of mortals, to blame our\nsires who fought to win the cattle.\nTheir strengthener was Indra the Majestic he spread their\n;\nstalls of kine, the Wonder-Worker.\n5 Where as a Friend with friendly men, NavagVas, with heroes*\non his knees he sought the cattle.\nThere, verily with ten Daeagvas Indra found the Sun lying\nhidden in the darkness.\n9 Ye Tioain apparentlyMitraand Varuna, The Great theAncient Dyaus.\n,\nWhosevoiceis likea herdsman’s Professor Wilsonrenders this, {blandly-\nspeaking.’ Themeaning appearsto be, using his voicefor theprotection of\nman,like a herdsmanwhocalls outtohiscattle.\nThishymn andthefollowingthirteenareascribedtothe RishiVisv&mitra.\n2 Gladin white andshiningraiment clothedwithenergyandsplendour.\n.*\n3 TheMotherofthe Twins: according to S&yana, Ushas or Dawn. Twin\nChildren theAsvins. My tongue’stipraiseditself I preparedto praise the\nAsvins,butwas unequaltothetask.\n4 SeeM. Muller, Chips, IV. 29 (Editionof1895).\n5 Navagvas f -1 ,/* \\tnily often associated with the Angirasea\nand describedas : ! battles. SeeI. 33. 6, and 62. 4.\nEasagvas memoers oi, or priestly allies connected with, thefamilyof\nAngiras. SeeI. 62, 4."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 358,
            "content": ": : :\nm. THE HYMNS OF [BOOK ITT.\n*6 Indra found meath collected in the milch-cow, by foot and.\nhoof, in the cow’s place of pasture*\nThat which lay secret, hidden in the waters, he held in his\nright hand, the rich rewarder.\nr\n7 He took the light, discerning it from darkness : may we be far\nremoved from all misfortune.\nThese songs, 0 Soma-drinker, cheered by Soma, Indra, accept\nfrom thy mostzealous poet.\n8 Let there be light through both the worlds for worship may\n:\nwe be far from overwhelming evil.\nGreat woecomes even from the hostile mortal, piled up but\n;\ngood at rescue are the Yasus.\n9 Gall we onMagfiavan, auspiciousIndra, best Hero in the fight\nwhere spoil is gathered,\nThe Strong, who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Yritras, wins and gathers riches.\nHYMN\nXL. Indra,\nThee, Indra, we invoke, the Bull, what time the Soma is\nexpressed.\nSo drink thou of the savoury juice.\n2 Indra, whom many laud, accept the strength-conferring Soma\njuice\nQuaff, pour down drink that satisfies.\n3 Indra, with all the Gods promote our wealth-bestowing\nsacrifice,\nThou highly-lauded Lord of men.\n4 Lord of the brave, to thee proceed these drops of Soma juice\nexpressed,\nThebright drops to thy dwelling-place.\n5 >Vithin thy belty, Indra, take juice, Soma the most excellent\nThine are the drops celestial.\n6 Drink our libation, Lord of hymns with streams of meath\n:\nthou art bedewed\n:\nOur glory, Indra, is thy gift.\n7 To Indra go the treasures of the worshipper, which never\nfail:\nHe drinks the Soma and is strong,\n6 Indrafoundmeath sweetrain. By foot and hoof: tracking the cows\nbytheir foot-marks. Thatwhich laysecret: therain whichwasimprisoned\ntheclouds."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 359,
            "content": "::; !\nHYMN 42.] THE RIGVEDA. 3*63\n8 From far away, from near at hand, O Vritra-slayer, come\nto us\nAccept the songs we sing to thee.\n9 When from the space between the near and fa» thou art\ninvoked by us,\nThence, Indra, come thou hitherward.\nHYMN\nXLI, Indra.\nInvoked to drink the Somajuice, come with thy Bay Steeds,\nThunder-armed\n!\nCome, Indra, hitherward to me.\n2 Our priest is seated, true to time; the grass is regularly\nstrewn\nThe pressing-stones were set at morn.\n3 These prayers, 0 thou who hearestprayer, are offered seat\n:\nthee on the grass.\nHero, enjoy the offered cake.\n4 0 Vritra-slayer, be thou pleased with these libations, with\nthese hymns,\nSong-loving Indra, with our lauds.\n5 Our hymns caress theLora of Strength, vast, drinker of the\nSoma’s juice,\nIndra, as mother-cows their calf.\n6 Delight thee with the juice we pour for thine own great\nmunificence\n;\nYield not thy singer to reproach.\n7 We, Indra, dearly loving thee, bearing oblation, sing thee\nhymns\nThou, Vasu, dearly lovest us.\n8 0 thou to whom thy Bays are dear, loose not thy Horses far\nfrom us\n:\nHere glad thee, Indra, Lord divine.\n9 May long-maned Coursers, dropping oil, bring thee on swift\ncar hitherward,\nIndra, to seat thee on the grass.\nHYMN\nXLII. Indra.\nCome to the juice that we have pressed, to Soma, Indra, blent\nwith milk\n:\nCome, favouring us, thy Bay-drawn car\n9 Thespace between the near and far the firmamentor mid-air,between\n:\nthe earthand thedistantsky."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 360,
            "content": "!: : : ; ;\nMe\niU tifiim of [book hi.\n2 Come, Indra, to this gladdening drink* placed on the grass,\npressed out with stones\n:\nWilt thou not drink thy fill thereof?\n8 To Indira have my songs of praise gone forth, thiis rapidiy\nsent hence,-\nTo tarn him to the Soma-draught.\n4 Hither with songs of praise we call Indra to drink the Soma\njuice\nWill he not come to us by lauds?\n6 Indra, these Somas are expressed. Take them withinthy\nbelly, Lord\nOf Hundred Powers, thou Prince of Wealth/\n6 We know thee winner of the spoil, and resolute in battles,\nSage\nTherefore thy blessing we implore.\n*1 Borne hither by thy Stallions, drink, Indra, this juice which\nwe have pressed,\nMingled with barley and with milk.\n8 Indra, for thee, in thine own place, I urge the Soma for thy\ndraught\nDeep in thy heart let it remain.\n9 We call on thee, the Ancient One, Indra, to drink the Soma\njuice,\nWe Kusikaswho seek thine aid.\nHYMN XLIIL Indra.\nMounted Upon thy chariot-seat approach us : thine is the\nSoma-draught from days aforetime.\nLoose for the sacred grass thy dear companions. These men\nwho bring oblation call thee hither*\n2 Come our true Friend, passing by many people come with\n;\nthy two Bay Steeds to our devotions\n3?or these our hymns are calling thee, 0 Indra, hymns formed\nfor praise, soliciting thy friendship.\n3 Pleased, with thy BaySteeds, Indra, God, come quickly to\nthis our sacrifice that heightens worship\nFor with my thoughts, presenting oil to feed thee, I call\nthee to the feast of sweet libations.\n9 We Kusikas; members of the family of Kusikawho wasthefatheror\nthegrandfatherof Visvamitra, theRishi of thehymn.\nI Thydearcompanions thyhorses."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 361,
            "content": "—\n; : : ;\nm\nhymn 44 tiie rigyeda,\n.]\n,\ni Yea, let thy two Bay Stallions bear thee hither, well limbed\nand good to draw, thy dear companions.\nPleased with the corn-blent offering which we bring thee,\nmay Indra, Friend, hear his friend's adoration.\n9\n5 Wilt thou not make me guardian of the people, make me, im\npetuous Maghayan, their ruler?\nMake me a Rishi haying drunk of Soma? Wilt thou not give\nme wealth that lasts for ever ?\n6 Yoked to thy chariot, let thy tall Bays, Indra, companions of\nthy banquet, bear thee hither,\nWho from of old press to heaven's farthest limits, the Bull’s\nimpetuous and welhgroomed Horses.\n7 Drink of the strong pressed out hy strong ones, Indra, that\nwhich the Falcon brought thee when thou longedst\nIn whose wild joy thou stirrest up the people, in whose wild\njoy thou didst unbar the oow-stalls.\n8 Call we on Indra, Maghavan, auspicious, best Hero in the fight\nwhere spoil is gathered\nTJbeStrong, who listens, whogiv^es aid in battles, who slays the\nVritras, wins and gathers riches.\nHYMH XLIW\nipdra.\nMay this delightsome Soma be expressed for thee by tawny\nstones.\nJoying thereat, 0 Indra, with thy Bay Steeds come ascend\n:\nthy goldemcoloured car,\n% In loye thou madest Ushas glow, in love thou madest Surya\nshine.\nThou, Indra, knowing, thinking, Lord of Tawny Steeds, above\nall glories waxest great.\n3 The heaven with streams of golden hue, earth with her tints\nof green and gold\nThe golden Pair yield Indra plenteous nourishment between\n:\nthem moves the golden One.\n7 Thestrong ; theSomajuice. Thestrongones thepress-stones.\nThat which theFalcon broughtthee the Somais said to hayebeenbrought\nfromheavenbya falcon. SeeI. 8Q. 2, and93. 6.\nThroughout thehymnthepoetringsthechanges on words saidtobederiva*\ntives of theroot hritotake,asharyatd delightsome, harydn^loving, hari, hay\nprtawny, hdrit, green yellow, orgold-c, oloured.\n,\n3 Thegolden One : the Sun."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 362,
            "content": "; :\nm m\nTrn hymns op [book\n4 When bom to life the golden Bull illumines all the realm of\nlight.\nHe takes his golden weapon, Lordof TawnySteeds, thegolden\nthunderin his arms.\n5 The bright, the well-loved thunderbolt, girt with the bright,\nIndra disclosed,\nDisclosed the Soma juice pressed out by tawnystones, with\ntawny steeds drave forth the kine.\nHYMN\nXLY. Inch^\nComb hither, Indra, with Bay Steeds, joyous, with tails like\npeacocks* plumes.\nLet no men check thy course as fowlers stay the bird pass\n:\no’er them as o’er desert lands.\n2 He who slew Vritra, burst the cloud, brake the strongholds\nand drave the floods,\nIndra who mounts his chariot at his Bay Steeds* cry, shatters\ne'en things that stand most Arm.\n3 Like pools of water deep and full, like kine thott cherishest\nthy might\nLike the milch-cows that go well-guarded to the mead, like\nwater-brooks that reach the lake.\n4 Bring thou us wealth with power to strike, our share ’gainst\nhim who calls it his.\nShake, Indra, as with hooks, the tree for ripened fruit, for\nwealth to satisfy our wish.\n5 Indra, self-ruling Lord art thou, good Leader, of most glorious\nfame.\nSo, waxen in thy strength, 0 thou whom many praise, bethou\nmost swift to hear our call.\n4 Thegolden Bull/ IndraastheSun.\n5 Girtwiththebright: surroundedby flashesoflight. Withtawny steed$\norbymeansofthetawnypressing-stones, i,e, inspiritedby draughts of the\nexpressedSomajuice.\n1 Tailslikepeacock*splumes : trailing cloudswithfringesofpurpleandgold,\n\"3 Micepoolsofwater: themeaningappearstobe,asProf. Ludwigsuggests\n:\nthymentalpowerisasinexhaustibleasthewaterindeepsprings,assafefrom\nharmascarefullyguarded cowsthatgowithoutstrayingtotheir pasture, and\neverfulllikestreamsthat pourwaterinto alake. ProfessorWilson, follow-\ningSftyana,paraphrasesthus\n:\n*Thoucherishestthecelebratorofthepiousrite\nas (thoufillest)thedeepseas(withwater) orasacarefulherdsman(cherishes)\n;\nthecows (thouimhibestthe Soma) as cows (obtain) fodder, and the juices\n:\nflowintothee)asrivuletsflow into alake.’ Kratu whichIhaverenderedby\n1might,’ meanspower, eithermental orbodily,and }sometimesalso, especially\ninlaterworks,a sacrificialceremony, S&yanahas filled up supposed ellipses-\ninthemostarbitrary way."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 363,
            "content": ": ;\nIIYMN 47'.] TIIB RIGVEDA. * 36?\nHYMN XLVL\n' in<fc*\nOf thee, the Bull,the Warrior, Sovran Euler, joyousandfierce*\n.ancient and ever youthful,\nThe undecaying One who wields the thunder, ren&wned and!\ngreat, great are the exploits, Indra.\n2 Great art thou, Mighty Lord, through manly vigour, 0 fierce\nOne, gatheringspoil, subduing others,\nThyself alone the universe’s Sovran ; so send forth men to\ncombat and to rest them.\n3 He hath surpassed all measure in his brightness, yea, and the\nGods, for none may be his equal.\nImpetuous Indra in his might exceedeth wide vast mid-airand\nheaven and earth together.\n4 To Indra, even as rivers to the ocean, flow forth from clays of\nold the Soma juices\nTo him wide deep and mighty from his birth-time, the well of\nholy thoughts, all-comprehending.\n5 The Soma, Indra, which the earth and heaven bear for thee as\na mother hears her infant,\nThis they send forth to thee, this, vigorous Hero ! Adhvaryus\npurify forthee to drink of.\nHYMN XLVIL\nIndra.\nDrink, Indra, Marut-girt, as Bull, the Soma, for joy, for rap-\nture even as thou listest.\nPour down the flood of meath within thy belly : thou from of\nold art King of Soma juices.\n2 Indra, accordant, with the banded Maruts, drink Soma, Hero,\nas wise Vritra-slayer.\nSlay thou our foemen, drive away assailants and make us safe\non every side from danger.\n3 And, drinker at dueseasons, drinkinseason, Indra,withfriend-\nly Gods, our pressed-out Soma.\nThe Maruts following, whom thou madest sharers, gave thee\nthe victory, and thou slewest Vritra.\n4 Brink Soma, Indra, banded with the Maruts who, Maghavan,\nstrengthened thee at Ahi’s slaughter,\n’Gainst Samhara, Lord of Baysl inwinning cattle, and now re-\njoice in thee, the holy Singers.\n3 Impetuous or, accordingto Sftyana, whomProfessorsWilson andLudwig\nfollow, ‘drinker ofthe spiritless Somajuice/ *er desauch die sornatrester/\n4 Inwinningcattle: ' r 7t! stolenkine, thevanished raysoflight,\nor, generally, in battle ‘ ofdrought."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 364,
            "content": ": : :\nMS THEHYMNS OF [BOOK\n. III,\n5 The Bull whose strength hath waxed, whom Maruts follow,\nfree-giving I'ndra, the celestial Euler,\nMighty, all-conquering, the victory-giver, him let us call to\ngrani us new protection.\nHYMN\nXLVIII. Indra.\nSoon -as the young Bull sprang into existence he longed to\ntaste the pressed-out Soma’s liquor.\nPrink thou thy fill, according to thy longing, first, of the\ngoodly mixture blent withSoma.\n% That day when thou wast horn thou, fainto taste it,drankest\nthe plant’s milk which the mountains nourish.\nThatmilk thy Motherfirst, the Dame who bare thee, poured\nfor thee in thy mighty Father’s dwelling.\n5 Desiring food he came unto his Mother, and on her breast\nbeheld the pungent Soma.\nWise, he moved on, keeping aloof the others, and wrought\ngreat exploits in his varied aspects.\n4 Fierce, quickly conquering, of surpassing vigour, he framed\nhis body even as he listed.\nE’en from his birth-time Indra conquered Tvashtar, bore off\nthe Soma and in beakers drank it.\n5 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Hero in the\nfight where spoil is gathered\nThe Strong, who listens, who g; ives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Yyitras, wins and gathers riches.\nHYMN\nXLIX, Indra.\nGbeat Indra will I laud, in whom all people who drink the\nSoma have attained their longing\nWhom, passing wise, Gods, Heaven; and Earth, engendered,\nformed by a Master’s hand, to crush the Vritras.\n5 'ThisstanzarecursinVI. 19, 11.\n1 TheyoungBull Indra.\n2 Which themountains nourish; theSomaplant issaidto havegrown on\nthehills. ThyMother Aditi. Thymighty. Father:accordingtothelatermy-\nthologyKasyapawasthehusbandofAditi and father ofIndraand the other\ndeities,and S&yana says thatin this passage Kasyapais intended. But it\nseems almostcertain that Tvashtar, whom Indra conqueredat his birth, is\nherereferredtoashis mighty Father. See Bergaigne, LaReligion Vidique,\n1 FormedbyaMaster'shand or fashionedbyViblivanone oftheRibhus.\nAccordingtoSayana,appointedbyBrahma,forthegovernmentof the*world.\nThe Vritras : Vritraandsimilarfiends, or, generally, theenemies ofthe Gods\nandAryans."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 365,
            "content": ": ;:;\nHYMN 50.] THE JUGVEDA, 3,69\n2 Whom, most heroic, borne by Tawny Coursers, verily none\nsubdueth in thebattle\nWho, reaching far, most vigorous, hath shortened the Dasyu’s\nlife with Warriors bold of spirit.\n3 Victor in fight, swift mover like a war-horse, pervading both\nworlds, rainer down of blessings,\nTo be invoked in war likeBhaga, Father, as ’twere, o£hymns,\nfair, promptto hear, strength-giver.\n4 Supporting heaven, the high back of the region, his car ft\nVayu with his teamof Vasus.\nIllumining the nights, the Sun’s creator, like Dhishana he\ndeals forth strength and riches.\n5 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Hero in the fight\nwhere spoil isgathered\nThe Strong, who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Vritras, wins and gathers treasure.\nHYMN\nL. Indra.\n—\nLet Indra drink, All-bail ! for his is Soma, the mighty Bull\ncome, girt by Maruts, hither. '\nFar-reaching, let him fill him with these viands, and let ouf\noffering sate his body’s longing.\n2 I yoke thy pair of trusty Steeds for swiftness, whose faithful\nservice from of old thou lovest.\nHere, fair of cheek ! let thy Bay Coursers place thee : drink\nof this lovely well-effused libation.\n3 With milk they made Indra their good Preserver, lauding for\nhelp and rule the bounteous rainer.\nImpetuous God, when tliou hast drunk the Soma, enraptured\nsend us cattle in abundance.\n2 With Warriorsbold ofspirit bisallies theMaruts.\n4 His caris Vdi/n: the construction of the first hemistich is difficult;\nand the senseisdoubtful. The meaning may be, as V&yu the Godofwind\nmoves likea chariot on high drawn by the coursers of the air, so Indra\nmovesaccompaniedby theVasusorMaruts.\nLike Dhishand theWish-Goddess,adeitypresidingoverprosperity. See\n:\nI. 96. 1, note ; IV. 34. 1 ;V. 41. 8.\n1 All-hail! I take svdhi here as an exclamation addressed to Indra*\nS&yanaexplainsthewordby svdhdkrikmimamso?mm (let Indradrink) this.\nSomaoffered withSv&lid, f\n3 Withmilk; withlibations of Somajuicemingledwith milk.\n24"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 366,
            "content": ":\n370 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK 111.\n4 With kine and horses satisfy this longing with very splendid\n;\nbounty still extend it.\nSeeking thelight, with hymns to thee, 0 Indra, the Kusikas\nhav$brought their gift, the singers.\n5 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Heroin the fight\n,\nwhere spoil is gathered ;\nTheStrong, who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\nthe Vritras, wins and gathers riches.\nHYMN LL\nIndra.\nHigh hymns have sounded forth the praise of Maghavan, sup-\nporter of mankind, of Indra meet forlauds\n;\nHim who hath waxen great, invoked with beauteous songs,\nImmortal One, whose praise each day is sung aloud.\n2 To Indra from all sides go forth my songs of praise, the Lord\nof Hundred Powers, strong, Hero, like the sea,\nSwift, winnerof the booty, breaker-down of forts, faithful and\never-glorious, finder of the light.\n3 Where battle’s spoil is piled the singer winnetli praise, for\nIndra taketh care of matchless worshippers.\nHe in Vivasvan’s dwelling findeth his delight praise thou the\n:\never-conquering slayer of the foe.\n4 Thee, valorous, most heroic of the heroes, shall the priests\nglorify with songs and praises.\nFull of all wondrous power he goes to conquest : worship is\nhis, sole Lord from days aforetime.\n* 5 Abundant arethe gifts he gives to mortals : forhim the earth\nbears a rich store of treasures.\nThe heavens, the growing plants, the living waters, the forest\ntrees preserve their wealth for Indra.\n6 To thee, 0 Indra, Lord of Bays, for ever are offered prayers\nand songs : accept them gladly.\nAs Kinsman think thouof somefreshassistance goodFriend,\n;\ngive strength and life to those whopraise thee.\n7 Here, Indra, drink thou Soma with the Maruts, as thou didst\ndrink the juice beside Sary&ta.\nUnder thy guidance, in thy keeping, Hero, the singers serve,\nskilled in fair sacrifices.\n4 ThisstanzaIs foundalsoinHymnXXX. 20 of thisBook.\n3 In Vivasvdn's dwelling in the sacrificial chamber of the worshipper.\nSeeIII. 34. 7.\n7 Shydta: saidbySfiyanato have been a son of Sary&ta whowas\nperhapsthesameasgary&ti,asonofManuYaivasvata. SeeI.51. 12\n;\n112. 17"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 367,
            "content": "; ; ;\nBYMX\n52.] THIS &1GY2DA. art\n8 So eagerly desirous drink the Soma, our juice, 0 Indra, with\nthy friends the Maruts,\nSince at thy birth all Deities adorned thee for the great fight,\n0 thou invoked of many. ~\n9 He was your comrade in your geal, 0 Maruts : they, rich in\nnoble gifts, rejoiced in Indra.\nWith them together let the Vifitra-slayerdrinkin his homethe\nworshipper’s libation.\n10 So, Lord of affluentgifts, this juice hath been expressed for\nthee with strength\n;\nDrink of it, thou who lovest song,\n11 Incline thy body to this juicewhich suits thy Godlike nature\nwell\nMay it cheer thee who lovest it.\n12 Brave Indra, let it work through both thyflanks, and through\nthy head by prayer,\nAnd through thine arms, to prosper us,\nHYMN LIL\nIndra,\nIndra, accept at break of day our Soma mixt with roasted\ncorn,...\nWith groats, with cake, with eulogies,\n2 Accept, 0 Ineira, and enjoy the well-dressed sacrificial cake\nOblations are poured forth to thee.\n3 Consume oursacrificial cake, acceptthesongsof praise we sing,\n/As he who Woos accepts his bride.\n4 Famed from of old, accept the cake at our libation poured at\ndawn,\nFor great, 0 Indra, is thy power.\n5 Let roasted corn of our midday libation, and sacrificial cake\nhere please thee, Indra,\nWhat time the lauding singer, keen of purpose arid eageras a\nbull, with hymns implores thee.\nC At the third sacrifice, O thou whom many praise, give glory\nto the roasted corn and holy cake.\nWith offered viands and with songs may we assist thee, Sage,\nwhom Vaja and the Ribhus wait upon.\n8 Forthegreatfight thebattle withViitraand thedemonsof drought.\nly1 grW oi ut nh dgr co oa rnt ,s , o' rWit mh ec aa llce m: ixh ea dra wm ib th hi cn ua rm dsa ,p adp kd iv' nc dtn oftam gr; ueh la :ra am pb Uh pa di is ec aoa cr as ke e-\nmade of flo—ur.\nStanzas 1 4, in G&yatrimetre, accompanythemorning offering; stanza5,\nin flViahtup,theoffering of noon and 6 inJagatt, theeveninglibation.\n6 Giveglory ; honourbyaccept; ing. V, djaandtheMibhas: thethreeIJibhuSr"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 368,
            "content": ": :\n372 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK III.\n7 The groats have wo prepared for thee with Pushan, corn for\nthee, Lord of Bay Steeds, withthy horses.\nEatthou the meal-cake, handed with tho Maruts,*wise Hero,\nVrit^a-slayer, drink the Soma.\n8 Bring forth the roasted corn to meet him quickly, cake for\nthe bravest Hero mid the heroes.\nIndra, may hymns accordant with thee daily strengthen thee,\nBold One, for the draught of Soma.\nHYMN\nLIII. Indra, Parvata, Etc.\nOy a high car, 0 Parvata and Indra, bring pleasant viands,\nwith brave heroes, hither.\nEnjoy the gifts, Gods, at our sacrifices; wax strong by hymns,\nrejoice in our oblation.\n2 Stay still, 0 Maghavan, advance no farther; a draught of\nwell-pressed Soma will I give thee.\nWith sweetest song I grasp, 0 Mighty Indra, thy garment's\nhemas a child grasps his father's.\n3 Adhvaryu, sing we both ; sing thou in answer ; make we a\nlaud acceptable to Indra.\nUponthis sacrifice'sgrass beseated\n;\nto Indrashallour eulogy\nbe uttered,\n4 A wife, 0 Maghavan, is home and dwelling : so let thy Bay\nSteeds yoked convey thee hither.\nAVheneverwepressoutforthee theSoma, letAgnias ourHerald\nspeed to call thee.\n5 Depart, 0 Maghavan ;-again come hither ; both there and here\nthy goal is, Indra, Brother,\nWhere thy tall chariot hath a place to rest in, and wherethou\nloosest thy loud-neighingCourser.\n7 With Pihhan: becausekarainbkd, groatsorgruel, isthe usual offering to\nthat God. Coni forIndra\"ahorses.\nIn additiontoIndraandhisfrequentassociateParvata, the Genius of the\nmountainsandclouds, the Goddess V&k or Speech (stanzas 15, lt>), and the\nseveral parts of the chariot or wain (17—20) are regarded as the deities or\nobjectsreverently mentionedoraddressedinthishymn.\n1 Withbraveheroes accompanied, orfollowed byheroicsons.\n3 Adhvaryu,singweboth: the Hotarcallson theAdhvaryutojoinhim in\ntheperformanceofthe ceremony.\n4 A wife, ishomeanddwelling: or, perhaps, ‘Wife, Maghavan,ishome,\nsois thischamber thatis, Indrais toregard thesacrificial chamberas his\nhomeforthepresent, untilhe returns to hisconsort andhis otherhomo in\nheaven."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 369,
            "content": "—\n: :: ; .\ntttMft 53,] THE RIOVEDA, 373\n6 Thou hast drunk Soma, Tndra, turn thee homeward thy joy\nis in thy home, thy gracious Consort ;\nWhere thy tall chariot hath a place to rest in, and thy strong\nCourser is set free with guerdon. *\n7 Bounteous are these, Angirascs, Virupas the Asura’s Heroes\n:\nand the Sons of Heaven.\nThey, giving store of wealth to Visvamitra, prolong his life\nthrough countless Soma-pressings.\n8 Magliavan weareth every shape at pleasure, effecting magic\nchanges in his body,\nHoly One, drinker out of season, coming thrice, in a moment,\nthrough fit prayers, from heaven.\n9 The mightysage, God-bornand God-incited, who lookson men,\nrestrained the billowy river.\nWhen Visvamitra was SudAs's escort, then Indra through the\nKusikas grew friendly.\n10 Like swans, prepare a song of praise with pressing-stones, glad\nin your hymns with juice poured forth in sacrifice.\nYe singers, with the Gods, sages wholook onmen, ye Kusikas,\ndrink up the Soma's savourymeath.\n11 Come forward, Kusikas, and be attentive; let loose Sudas's\nhorse to win him riches.\nEast, west, and north, let the King slay the foeman, then at\nearth's choicest place perform his worship.\n12 Praisesto IndrahaveIsung, sustainerofthisearthandheaven.\nThis prayer of Visvamitra keeps secure the race of Bharatas.\n6 Thygracious Consort Intlrftui. Withguerdon: withcornandwater.\n7 ProfessorWilson, followingSftyana, paraphrases; ‘These eaorificera are\nf soB nh soj oa fs t) h, eo ef xpw eh llo em r(t oh fe thd eiv fe or es sif oi fe td hA eng Gi or da ss )e fs r( oa mre het ah ve enp ,ri be est ss t) o; wia nn gd rt ih che eshe ur po oi nc\nVigvAmitraatthesacrificeofathousan1 -4~>r-*' .r 1'yjrhislife.* TheBhojas\n(bounteousones) are said tobethe K * ;><‘- v ofSudds,andthe\ndiversifiedAngirasesMedMtithiandtherestoftheraceofAngiras. ‘TheAsura,’\nexplained by Sdyanaastheexpellerofthefoes ofthe Godsfromheaven, issaid\ntobeBudra,and hissons arethe Maruts. The Virupas are connectedwith\nAngirasin X, 62. 5., anda Virftpai& mentionedin I. 45, 3.andVIII. 64. 6.\n8 Dnnfceroutofseason drinkingthe celestial Soma wheneverhe wishes,\nirrespectivelyoftheappointedtimes forlibations onearth. Thrice; to the\nthreedailylibations.\n9 Themightysage: Vhv&mitra. SeeIII. 33,note.\n11 Inthis andthetwofollowingstanzasthepriestsimploretheaidofIndra\nforKing Suddswhois goingforthtobattle.\nE 1a 2rt Th' hs ec rh ao ci ece os ftp Bl ha ac re atat sh :& tal ht ear d. escendantsof*V+i»svd.mit*»ra, Bharatabei.ngt,,he\nsonof the celebratedSakuntald whowasVisvdmitra’sdaughterbythe Apsa-\nras £eM een Vd e.\ndicIndia\n(StoryoftheN^\nationsseries), pp.\n319f« f,\n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 370,
            "content": "J\nS74 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IXL\n13 The Visvamitrashavesung forththisprayertoIuclraThunder-\narmed\n:\nSo let him make us prosperous.\n14 Among^the Kikatas what do thy cattle? They pour no milky\ndraught, they heatno caldron.\nBring thou to us the wealth of Pramaganda give up tous 0\n;\nMaghavan, the low-born.\n15 Sasarpart, the gift of Jamadagnis, hath lowed with mighty\nvoice dispelling famine.\nThe Daughter of the Sunhath spread our glory among the\nGods, imperishable, deathless.\n16 Sasarpari broughtglory speedilyto these, over thegenerations\nof the Fivefold Race\n;\nDaughter of Paksha, she bestows new vital power, she whom\ntheancient Jamadagnis gave to me.\n^%\nor OudThkj? usualla y9 i,: det nh te ifn ieo dn- wA ir ty ha Sn oi un th hab Bi it ha an rt .sof Tha e ' \\ f . Tyosala\nw mb oe grst s to h ow ie p Sd ft ih yb e ay nA aI rn tyd har ena wGa or o re d dsu . mnp er aPo nf r si at m -a ab tl hge eaw n sh d onaen o: fi t tn h het eh pe ur sp i uo n rs c es e re /os fsio tn heof K&m a \\e fn c *aw sh J*o ad c^o vn mo ?t\nmov1 i5 ngS ,asa or rpa gr li i, dith ne ggi ef vt eo rf ywJT hx em rea )d ,ag isnk a.* na ac mco erd oi rng anto eS pa iy ta hn eta, oVS fas Va u&rp ka mr Vi of iLs cw eif Ztl Jv\nlatxon of Sayanas qu0 of t.aS t?i.r oy nao fr rot mhe SS hu an dg- urT uh sie shfo yl al 'o swhi Cg omis\nmentary on the\nt£ ^it e§* a' ,f ast7ory. Am ta!« sa/ cr, ifT ic“ eg o“ f,kiX ? nM a gi sat r Si ao un t dT &Sa”W ae t tb h he o esr eY po•l w«n e! rd «M « a* n* d»« spwi ^t rh ha nn fti vq Lui Jt fy-\nd BG rf ri aed hwh mi ff tr( ,oV m oi rs tvc ohao femm tip at hl r b ee a ot s) de uel nb ,y oe fiv ana ntgn dhq esu go ai s vs uo eh nve hed a er rcb Coy tcm oS e ea hk it b mi e, caso m Tn e h\" eo sdf Ve S tV fa t^es c mti t ts v&rh i\\ Vth Wa nT nKI cnd ddi aat Vmb a fe dl i tao eS rn “ oo ? ff\ngg£gm9&gg3£\naarrgguueesstthhaattinmdya,hathlowed,isar.nlina.bUlb/!“ 1li _^ br uo l£ lGra fi's?lto11\n/am^^\nThe aeeordmgtoS^yana, areItishis whomaintainaMazing\nfire,\nthefour'eastes,°andSari^ansornon-Aryam'**“ ; aooordinStoSiyapa,\ni3‘ °fthe <~-the lightand dark"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 371,
            "content": "—\n:\n!\nHYMN 53*] THE RIQVEDAv 375\n17 Strong be the pair of oxen, firm theaxles, let notthe poleslip\nnor the yoke be broken.\nMay Indra keep the yoke-pins from decaying : attend us, thou\nwhose fellies are uninjured.\n18 0 Indra, give our bodies strength, strength to the bulls who\ndraw the wains,\nStrength to our seed andprogeny thatthey may live, for thou\nart he who giveth strength.\n19 Enclosetheein theheartof Khayartimber, inthe carwrought\nof Sinsap& put firmness.\nShow thyself strong, 0 Axle, fixedand strengthened throwus\n:\nnot from the car whereon we travel.\n20 Let not this sovran of the wood leave us forlorn or injure us.\nSafe may we be until we reach our homes and rest usand un-\nyoke.\n21 With various aids this day come to us, Indra, with best aids\nspeed us, Maghavan, thou Hero.\nLet him who hateth us fall headlong downward i him tvhom\nwe hate let vital breath abandon.\n22 He heatshis veryaxe, andthen cutsa mereSemal blossom off.\n0 Indra, like a caldron cracked andseething, so he pours out\nfoam.\n1272Inthis andthethreefollowingstanzasVisvdmifcrabeingabouttodepart\nfromKing Sudds’s sacrificialhallblesses,orinvokesgoodluckfor, theseveral\npartsofthechariotorwainonwhichheisgoingtotravel.\nAttendus: thechariotishereaddressed.\n19 Khayartimber thehardwood ofthe Khadira, or Acacia Catechu, of\nwhich the pinofthe axlewas.made. Sinm'pd: Dalbergia Sisu, also a com-\nmontimber-tree.\n20 Thissovranofthewood: thetimberofwhichthebodyofthecaris made.\n21 Prof. Rothisofopinion thatthishymnconsists of fragments composed\nbyVisvdmitraorhisdescendantsatdifferentdates, andthat theverses (9\n13),inwhichthatUishirepresentshimselfandtheK—usikasasbeingthepriests\nofSudasareearlierthantheconcludingverses (21 24),whichconsistof im-\nprecationsdirectedagainstVasishtha. Theselastverses,heremarks, contain\nan expression of 'wounded pride, and threaten vengeance against an enemy\nwhohadcomeintopossessioixof somepowerordignitywhichVisv&mitrahim-\nself hadpreviously enjoyed. Withregard to the relations between Visvd-\nmitraandVasishthaaspriestsofSudds,seeMuir’s OriginalSanskrit Texts I.\n,\npp. 371 ff-\nsuppliP edro bfe ys tso hr eW sci hl os lio an str ,e am sar tk hs et: re1 eTh ise .cc uo tns dtr ou wc nti bo yn tis heel al xip eti sc oal m:ayth te he ell ei nps ee mi ys\nbecutdown asonecutsoff withoutdifficulty theflowerof the Simbala. so\ntm ea rsy fh oe ab me od re bs rt er ao ty hed f* r. oa mst ith se mc oa uu tl hd ,ro sn ow mh ae yn ts ht ar tuc hk a, tea rn ,d st th re un cc ke bl yea tki hn eg, ps oc wa et-\nr\nof myprayer, vomit foam fromhis mouth.’ Thephrases areprobably, as\nLudwigexplains,merelyproverbial expressionsfor threatsfull ofsound and\nfuryfollowed byinsingnificantresults.\n.....\nTheSemal(Simbala)istheSilk-cottontree."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 372,
            "content": "; : : :: : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK UL\n376\n23 Men notice not the arrow, 0 ye people; they bring the red\nbeast deeming it abollock.\nA sluggish steed men run not with the courser, nor ever lead\nan a$s before a charger.\nM\nThese men,the sonsofBharata, 0 Indra, regard notseverance\nor close connexion.\nThey urge their own steed as it were another’s, and take him,\nswiftas the bow’s string, to battle.\nHYMN\nLIY. Visvedevas.\nTo him adorable, mighty, meet forsynods, thisstrengthening\nhymn, unceasing, have they offered.\nMay Agni hear us with his homely splendours, hear us, Eter-\nnal One, with heavenly lustre.\n2 To mighty Heaven and Earth I sing forth loudly my wish\n:\ngoes out desirous and well knowing\nBoth, at whose laud in synods, showing favour, the Gods re-\njoice them with the living mortal.\nd. es2 t3 roM yee rn /n io .t ei .ce thn eot poth we erar or fo Vw isvo &r m, ita rcc aor wd hi ong wt io llS df ety sa tn ra o, y‘ hm isen enh ee me id esno it\ns\nt nh oe\nt\nknownto, orregardedhy,hisopponents.\nTheybringtheredbeast themeaning oflodhCmis uncertain. S&yana ex-\nplainsitaslubdham, desirous (that his penancemight not be frustrated).\nProf.Rothsuggeststhat lodhammeans red, and denotesan animal of some\nkindcontrastedwithp<w£(atameorsacrificialanimal, abullock), sothat the\nclausewouldhavesomewhatthesamemeaningas*theylookonthewolfas if\nitwereahare.’ Durga, thecommentatorontheNirukta,says: ‘Thetextin\nwhichthisword(lodhd)occursisaverseexpressinghatredofVasishtha. But\nXama KApishthalaofthefamilyofVasishtha andtherefore donotinterpret\n;\nit.’ SeeMuir’s 0. S. Texts,I.pp. 344, 372.\nDeemingitabudock„ accordingto SAyana, thinking the sage,VisvAmitra,\nwhokeptsilenceofhisownaccordtobe merelystupidlikesome inferiorani-\nmal. Inthesecoad linetherivalryof Vasishthawithhimself appearsto be\nridiculed.\n24 Thesonof Bharata descendantsand adherents of VisvAmitra. Prof.\nWilson, following SAyana, paraphrases the stanza: ‘Thesesons of Bharata,\nIndra, understand severance (from the Vasishthas), not association (with\nbt eh ae rm) a; stt oh ue ty bu or wge (ft oh rei tr hes it re de ed ss tr(a ug ca ti in os nt )t inhe bam t) tla es .’aga Ti hn est wa orc don ds rt aa nn at mf ,oe st; rat nh ge ey\n,\nforeign, another’s, givesnointelligiblesense.Prof.Ludwigsuggestsinitsplace\nJcaranam anever-readyhelper. Dr. Muir suggeststhatthe wordmay mean\nfasifto,\nadistance.’ -\nbli} es.To MM am\ny\nAA gg nn ii. heaM ree at s:fo br os ty hno ad ss; tet ro reb se trw io ar lsh fii rp epe ud sei dns fa oc rrif si ac ci ra il fia cess ae nm d-\ndomesticpurposesand as celestial firein theform ofthe Sun. They the\npriestlysingers.\n2 Knowingboth recognizingthegreatnessofHeavenandEarth, TheHi?-\ningmortal caenasworshippers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 373,
            "content": "—\n: : : :: : : : )\nHYMN 54.] THE RtGVUDA, S77\n3 0 Heaven and Earth, may your gi'eat law be faithful he ye\n:\nour leaders for our high advantage.\nTo Heaven and Earth I offer this my homage, with food, 0\nAgni, as I pray for riches. *\n4 Yea, holy Heaven and Earth, the ancient sages whose word\nwas evertrue had power to find you\n;\nAnd brave men in the fight where heroes conquer, 0 Earth,\nhave known you well and paid yon honour.\n5 What pathway leadeth to the Gods Who knoweth this of a\ntruth, and who will now declare it?\nSeen are their lowest dwelling-places only, but they are in re-\nmote and secret regions.\n6 The Sage who looketh onmankindbathviewed them bedewed,\nrejoicing in the seat of Order.\nThey make a home as for abird, though parted,withonesame\nwill finding themselves together.\n7 Partners though parted, with far-distant limits, on one firm\nplace both stand for ever watchful,\nAnd, beingyoung for evermore, as sisters, speak to each other\nnames that are united.\n8 All living things they partand keepasunder though bearing\n;\nup the mighty Gods they reel not.\nOne All is Lord of what is fixed and moving, that walks, that\nflies, this multiform creation.\n9 Afar the Ancient from of old I ponder, our kinship with our\nmighty Sire and Father,\n5 Seenaretheirlowest dwelling-places the constellations hut the Gods\narealsoinmysteriousand higherrealms beyond, and who k;nowsthe path\nthatleads thither?\n6 The Sagewho lookethon mankind the all-seeing andomniscient Sun.\nThem Heaven and Earth. Bedewed withthe waterabove the firmament\nandrainrespectively. IntheseatofOrder in the place whichtheeternal\nOrder of the Universe has assigned to them. Theymake a home though\nmeetingtogether, theyleaveaspace, likeabird’snest, betweenthem.\n7 Speakto eachothernames thatareunited addresseach otherorperhaps,\nareaddressed,by dualappellations, suchas urvi the Two Spacious Ones,\ndydvdprithivt Heaven-Earth, etc. }\n,\n8 OneAll ‘We find mentionin onehymn ofa primordialsubstance or\nunitoutofwhichtheuniversewasdeveloped, Thisis1the onething* (6kam\nwhichwehave metwithinconnection withAja, the Unborn (Book I. 164, 6,\n46.), andwhich isalso usedsynonymously withthe universein accordance\nwiththeprinciplewhichisthekey tomuchofthelatermysticismthatcause\nand effectareidentical. Thepoetendeavours, in astrainwhichpreludesthe\nphilosophy of the Upanishads, to picturetohim—self the first stateof the\nworld, andthefirstsigns of lifeandgrowthinit.’ Wallis, Cosmologyof the\nBigveda }p, 58."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 374,
            "content": "—\n; ; : : ,\n378 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK JIL\nSinging the praise whereof the Gods by custom stand on the\nspacious far-extended pathway.\n10 This laud, 0 Heaven and Earth, to you I utter let the kind-\n:\nhearted hear, whose tongue is Agni,\nYoung, Sovran Eulers, Yaruna and Mitra, the wise and very\nglorious Adityas.\n11 Thefair-tonguedSavitar, thegolden-handed, comesthricefrom\nheaven as Lord in our assembly.\nBear to the Gods this song of praise, and send us, then, Savi-\ntar, complete and perfect safety.\n12 Deftworker, skilful-handed, helpful, holy, mayTvashtar, God,\ngive us these things to aid us.\nTake your delight, ye Eibhus joined with Pushan ye have\nprepared the rite with stones adjusted. :\n13 Borne on their flashing car, the spear-armed Maruts, the nim-\nble Youths of Heaven, the Sons of Order,\nThe Holy, and Sarasvati, shall hear us ye Mighty, give us\n:\nwealth with noble offspring.\n14 To Vishnurichinmarvels, songsandpraisesshall goassingers\non the road of Bhaga,\nThe Chieftain of the Mighty Stride, whoseMothers, themany\nyoung Dames, never disregard him.\n15 Indra, who rules through all his powers heroic, hath with his\nmajesty filled earth and heaven.\nLord of brave hosts, Port-crusher, Yritra-slayer, gather thou\nup and bring us store of cattle.\n16 My Sires are the N&satyas, kind to kinsmen; the Asvins5\nkinship is a glorioustitle.\nFor ye are theywho give us store of riches ye guard your\n;\ngift uncbeated by the bounteous.\n9 Singingthepraisewhereof that is, withreferencetowhichkinshipwith\nourfather Dyausor Heaventhe Godsthemselves bearwitness toits exis-\ntence.\n11 Comesthriee atthe threedaily sacrifices.\n12 Thesethings; forwhichwepray.\nli OntheroadofBhaga,; oronthepath ofgoodfortuneor felicity.\nThe Chieftainof the Mighty Stride; Vishnu asthe Sun. The Mothers,\naccordingto S&yana, aretheregions ofspace whichgenerateallbeings. S&-\nyanasuppliesdjhdm, command,after ydsya, whose,andProf. Wilson renders\nthepassageaccordingly, 'whose commandsthemany-blendingregionsofspace,\nthegenerators(ofallbeings) donobdisobey.'\n16 MySiresaretheNdsatyas; theAsyinsregardmewithfatherlyaffection,\nYe the Asvins. Uneheatedbythebounteous neverdeceivedbyliberal men\n~ ~\nikeus."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 375,
            "content": ":: : :\nHYMN 55.] THE RIGVEDA, 379\n17 This is, ye Wise, your great and glorious title, that all ye\nDeities abide in lndra.\nFriend, Much-invoked art thou with thy dear Eibhus\n!\n. fashion ye this our hymn for our advantage. n\n18 Aryaman, Aditi deserve our worship the laws of Varuna re-\n;\nmain unbroken.\nThe lot of childlessness remove ye from us, and let our course\nhe rich in kine and offspring.\n19 May the Gods’ envoy, sent to many a quarter, proclaim us\nsiuless for our perfect safety.\nMay Earth and Heaven, the Sun, the Waters, hear us, and\nthe wide firmament and constellations.\n20 Hear us the mountains which distil the rain-drops, and, rest-\ning firm, rejoice in^freshening moisture.\nMay Aditi with the Adityas hear us, and Maruts grant us\ntheir auspicious shelter.\n21 Soft be our path for ever, well-proyisioned with pleasant\n:\nmeath, 0 Gods, the herbs besprinkle.\nSafe be my bliss, 0 Agni, in thy friendship : may I attain\nthe seat of foodful riches,\n22 Enjoy the offering beam thou strength upon us combine\n; ;\nthou for our good ail kinds of glory.\nConquer in battle, Agni, all those foemen, and light us every\nday with loying-kindness.\nHYMN LV, Visvedevas.\nAt the first shining of the earliest Mornings, in the Cow’s\nhome was born the Great Eternal.\nMow shall the statutes of the Gods be valid. Great is the\nGods’ supreme and sole dominion,\n17 Abide in lndra not, an Sftyana explains, inthe sphere or worldof\nlndra. The meaningis, as Professor Luclwig points out, thatthe gloryof\nthe Gods consistsintheirrecognition as formingapart of the true,supreme\nandall-embracing divine principle, inwhich, as theAbsoluteGod, all their\nindividualattributesareabsorbedandvanish.\nFashionye; perhapsmerely,giyeafavourableissueto,\n19 The Gods' envoy Agni.\n21 Withpleasantmeath; with refreshingrain.\n1 In the Cow's home: in the firmament or heaven, the place of the\nmysticalCosmic Cow. The Great Eternal the two adjectives are in the\nneutergender withoutasubstantive. S&yanasupplies jyotih light, inthe\nform of the Sun. —Great is, etc. ‘Great' and incomparable, is the divine\nnatureof the gods.’ Muir."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 376,
            "content": ": :: : :\n380 THE HYMNS OF [ZOOK III\n2 Lot not the Gods here injure us, 0 Agni, nor Fathers of old\ntime who know the region,\nNor the sign set betweentwoancient dwellings. Great is the\nGods?,supreme and sole dominion.\n3 My wishes fly abroad to many places : I glance back to the\nancient sacrifices. ,, .\nLet us declare the truth when fire is kindled. Great is the\nGods’ supreme and sole dominion.\n4 King Universal, borneto sundry quarters, extended through\nthe wood he lies on couches.\nOne Mother rests : another feeds the Infant. Great is the\nGods’ supreme and sole dominion.\n5 Lodgedinoldplants, hegrowsagaininyounger, swiftly within\nthe newly-born and tender.\nThough they are unimpregned, ho makes them fruitful.\nGreat is the Gods’ supreme and sole dominion.\n6 Now lying far away, Child of two Mothers, hewanders unres-\ntrained, the single youngling.\nThese are the laws of Varuna and Mitra. Great is the Gods’\nsupreme and sole dominion.\n7 Childof two Mothers, Priest, sole Lord in synods, he still pre-\ncedes while resting as foundation.\nThey who speak sweetly bring him sweet addresses. Great\nis the Gods’ supreme and sole dominion.\n2 The meaningof the stanza is,as Professor Ludwig says ; Maywebe\nable to calculate correctly the time of the {Sun’s approach, thatis, the\nmomentof hisrising, whenweshouldbegin oursacred ceremonies. Letnot\nthe Gods leadus astray, or allowus to err, in this matter let not the\nFathers, or spiritsof the departed, who areacquainted with; the region in\nwhich theSunfirstappears, andwho have transmitted theirknowledge to\ntheirdescendants, nor theSunhimself (or, perhaps, Agni) deceive us. Two\nancient dwelling ; 'heaven and earth, thehomes respectivelyof Gods and\nmen.\n3 Iglancebach: so Prof. M. Mullertranslatesthepassage.\n4 King Universal: Agni,theGodof all Aryanmen. Tosundryquarters:\nto variousaltars,for sacrificialpurposes.\nOne Mother the earth. Another the heaven. Or, as Prof. Ludwig\nsuggests, thelowerof thetwofire-sticks remainsstillwhile theupper stick,\nwhichis agitated, gives himlifeandstrength.\n5 Agniislatentinallplants,andfrom those thatareoldanddecaying he\npasses intotheyoungandtenderones.\n6 Faraway or, inthewest, as Sftrya ortheSunwhenhehasset.\nHewanders: when hehasrisen again.\n7 Priest Agni, the heraldwho callsthe Gods, thehotarorinvoker.\nAsfoundation as therootandbasis of everyreligious act."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 377,
            "content": ": : : ; ;\nHYMN 55.] TEE RIGVEDA . 361\n8 As to a friendly warrior when he battles, each thing that-\ncomes anear is seen to meet him.\nThe hymn commingles with the cow's oblation. Great is the\nGods' supreme and sole dominion.\nn\n9 Deep withinthese thehoary envoy pierceth mighty, he goeth\n;\nto the i*ealm of splendour,\nAnd looketh on us, clad iu wondrous beauty. Great is the\nGods' supreme and sole dominion.\n10 Vishnu, the guardian, keeps the loftiest station, upholding\ndeal', immortal dwelling-places.\nAgni knows well all these created beings. Great is the Gods'\nsupreme and sole dominion.\n11 Ye, variant Pair, have made yoursolves twin beauties: oneof\nthe Twain is dark, bright shines the other;\nAnd yet these two, the dark, the red, are listers. Great is\nthe Gods' supreme and sole dominion.\n12 Where the two Cows, the Mother and the Daughter, meetand\ngive suck yielding their lordly nectar,\n1 praise them at the seat of law eternal. Great is the Gods’\nsupreme and sole dominion.\n13 Loud hath she lowed, licking the other'syoungling. On what\nworld hatli the Milch-cow laid her udder?\nThis iJastreameth withthemilko! Order. Great is the Gods’\nsupremo and sole dominion.\n14 Earth weareth beauties manifold: uplifted, licking her Calf\nof eighteen months, she staudeth.\n8 Aguiishere represented asa champion whodraws mento meet him as\nafriend. Thehymneomminytes; penetrates,as itwere,andaccompanies the\nlibationof milkand fcSomajuice.\n9 Withinthese; plants in general. Thehoary envoy; Agni, theancient\nmessenger between Uodsand men. Tothe realmof splendour toheaven as\nthe&um\n1U Loftieststation: inthezenith. Cf. L 154. 5, 6.\n11 Ye, variantPair : Bay andNight.\nbabI ld yT ih Sie glt iw to anC dows Mo: rE na ir nt gh aa rend iutH ee na dv ee dn ., Tac hc eo sr cd ai tng oft lo awS e& ty ea rn na al; :m to hr ee alp tr ao r-\n,\nthe placeof sacrificeappointed by everlastinglaworrttd.\n13 Loud hath she lowed: Heaven, asthe rainpours down. Theother's\nyoanyliny,orcalf, is Agni. On what world . noone knows where therain\nooiiiesfrom. This 114 a nameof the earth\n;\norlid may mean, with the\nfresheningdraught (of rain),\n14 Earth:’padyd, accordingto Sdyana, has this meaning. Uplifted,.,\nshe standelh apparently, Heaven, but according to B&yaua, the Earth\nelevatedin the form of thenorthernaltar.\nHercalf of eighteen months or according to B&yana’s alternative ex-\nplanation, 4her calf who protectsthe threeworlds.’ Thecalfis the Sun."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 378,
            "content": ": ;\n382 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK HI.\nWell-skilledI seektheseatof law eternal. Great is the Gods’\nsupreme and sole dominion.\n15 Within a wondrous place the Twain are treasured : the one is\nmanifest, the other hidden.\nOne common pathway leads in two directions. Great is the\nGods’ supreme and sole dominion.\n16 Lettheniilch-kinethat haveno calves storm downward, yield-\ning rich nectar, streaming, unexhausted,\nThese who are ever newand freshandyouthful. Great is the\nGods’ supreme and sole dominion.\n17 What time the Bull bellows in other regions, another herd\nreceives the genial moisture\nFor lie is Bhaga, King, the earth’s Protector. Great is the\nGods’ supreme and sole dominion.\nJ8 Let us declare the Hero’s wealth in horses, 0 all ye folk : of\nthis the Gods have knowledge.\n; reharnessed. Great is the\nGods’ supreme and soledominion*\n19 TvashtartheGod,theomniformCreator, begetsandfeeds man-\nkind in various manner.\nHis, verily, are all these living creatures. Great is the Gods7\nsupreme and sole'dominion.\n20 The two great meeting Bowls hath he united ; each of the’\nPair is laden with his treasure,\nThe Hero is renowned for' gathering riches. Great is the\nGods’ supreme and sole dominion.\n21 Yea, andon this our earth theAILSustakerdwellslikea King\nwith noble friends about him.\nIn his protection heroes rest in safety. Great k the Gods’*\nsupreme and sole dominion,\n15 Within a wondrous place when Morning comes,Highiisconcealed\nin some mysterious placetowhich Morning orDayalsoretiresinturn when\nNightsucceeds. Fromthis mysterious prisonMorning and Night cometo1\nus bythesamepath, one departingas theotherapproaches,\n16 The milch-kineifiut haveno calves: theheavy clouds which pour out\ntheir fertilizing rain as cows yield their refreshing milk, hutwhichare1\nunlikecowsinasmuchas theyhavenocalves.\n17 The Bull: Indraas Parjanya the Godof therain cloud.\nAnotherherd; thefertilizingshowerfall'sin otherregions.\n18 Thenumberof Indra’s horsesis variously stated. Herehe is said io>\nbe drawnby sixhorses, thesix seasonsof the year, orbyfiveat atime or\nt coh le ds ae na dso tn hs er de eg wa yrd se ed asa os nsf ,iveby the combination of hemantaand fyira: the;\n20 The two great meetingBowls : theheaven and’earth,,hemispherical in\napptarauce,whichmeetatthehorizon, So the author of The Witnessof the\nSunspeaksof fthegreatbowlof theearth, whichhollowedtothehorizon/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 379,
            "content": ": :\nIlYkN 56-1 THE MOVED A. 383\n22 Iiioh in their gifts1 for thee are herbs and waters, and earth\nbrings all her wealth for thee, 0 Indra.\nMay weas friends ofthine share goodly treasures. Great is\nthe Gods’ supreme and sole dominion. >\nHYMN\nLVI. Vbvedevas.\nNot men of magic skill, not men of wisdom impair the Gods’\nfirst sbedfast ordinances.\nNe’er maythe earth and heaven which know not malice, nor\n‘the fixed hills, be bowed by sage devices.\n2 One, moving not away, supports six burthens the Cows pro-\n:\nceed to him the true, the Highest.\nNear stand three Mighty Ones who travel swiftly two are\n:\nconcealed from sight, one is apparent.\n3 The Bull who wears all shapes, the triple-breasted, three-ud-\ndered, with a brood in many places,\nliuleth majestic with his triple aspect, the Bull, the Everlast-\ning Ones’ impregncr.\n4 Whennigh them, as their tracer he observed them he called\n:\naloud tho dearname of Adityas.\nThe Goddesses, the Waters, stayedto* meet him\n:\nthey who\nwere wandering separate enclosed him.\n5 Streams thewise Gods have thrice three habitations. Child\n!\nof three Mothers, he is Lordin.synods*\n22 TheAll-Snstainer Indira.\n1 Thestatutesof tho Gods areunalterable-;-theystandfixed for everlike\nthebenignant heavenand earth and likethe mountainsthat never can be\nmoved.\n2 Themeaningof the-stanza isuncertain* According,to Sftyana,theone,\nmovingnot away, is thestationary year which sustainsthe load of thesix\nseasons, and the Cows arethe solarrays which pervadetheyear, ortheSun\nasitsrepresentative. ProfessorLudwig.thinks thatTvashtarmay beintend-\ned, andthat the cows maybe the-consorts of the God's who*are generally\nrepresented as beiring him company. Three Mighty Ones according to\nSayana, heaven, thefirmament,,and the earth, of which the ea»thisfully\nvisibleand the first twoareonly seenimperfectly. Whotravelswiftly: this\nis S 33y Ta hn ea Bvs ule lx :pla tn ha eti Go on- do wf hd otyd pf rc e, sc io du er sse or vs er; b tu het yt eh ae r.mea Tn hi eng thi rs en eot brc el ae sar t. sand\nthethree udders are probably heaven, thefirmament, and’the earth. His\ntriple aspect*thesixseasons,reduced1bycombination tothree,thehotseason,\nt arh ee 4tr Ha hi ens p, laa nn td s Vi:t Vh b ”e utc r.o t ,~l hd Pe -s t ^e ha ^rs seo e sn o. M rigT Lhh ut de y wE iOv gne e ,r sl\ns,\naa yos srt ,i tn Ahg ge nO W ian t ae e ss r, s Sa , ac , vc imo tar ad ryi ,n b tg e het io n GtS oea n dy dea pdn r.a e-,\nsiding - \" 1' T Adityas HereappeartoHe themonths.\n5 TV.1 ; each of thethree worlds havingthreesubdivi-\nsions. Childofthree Mothers: Agnias Savitar. appears to-be meant, the\nthree mothers being, perhaps, the three seasons. According to Sayana,\ntrimitit here means \"'the measurerof the three*(worlds),’ theSun. Ladies\nof the Watersi * 113, Sarasvatipand’Bh3rati. Thrice: at thethree daily\nsacrifices."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 380,
            "content": ": : : ! :\n384 * TEE HYMNS OF {BOOK IIL\nThree are the holy Ladies of the Waters, thrico here from\nheaven supreme in our assembly.\n6 Do thou, 0 Savitar, from heaven thrice hither, three times a\nday*send down thy blessings daily.\nSend us, 0 Bhag i, triple wealth and treasure ; cause the two\nworlds to prosper us, Preserver\n7 Savitar thrice from heaven pours down abundance, and the\nfair-handed Kings Vanina, Mitra\n;\nAnd spacious Heaven and Earth, yea, and the Waters, solicit\nwealth that Savitar may send us.\n8 Three are the bright realms, best, beyond attainment, and\nthree, the Asura’s Heroes, rule as Sovrans,\nHoly and vigorous, never to beinjured. Thricemaythe Gods\nfrom heaven attend our synod.\nHYMN\nLVII. Visvedevas,\nMr thought with fine discernment hath discovered the Cow\nwho wanders free without a herdsman,\nHer whohath straightway poured me food in plenty Indra\n*.\nand Agni therefore are her praisers.\n2 Indra and Pdshan, deftof hand and mighty, well-pleased have\ndrainedthe heaven's exhaustless udder.\nAs in thispraise the Gods have all delighted, may I win bles-\nsinghere from you, 0 Vasus.\n3 Fain to lend vigour to the Bull, the sisters with reverence re-\ncognize the germ within him.\nThe Cows eorne lowinghitherto theYoungling, to him endued\nwith great and wondrous beauties.\n6 Cause thetwo worlds; I follow Prof. Ludwig intaking dhishaneas an\n.accusative,\n8 The bright realms: heaven, divided into three. The Asard's Heroes:\naccordingto&£yana, Agni,Yftyu, andSiirya.\nThishymnand thefivefollowingareattributedtotheKishiVisv&mitra.\n1 Withfinediscernment theparticiplevivikvcfninthe masculineform ap-\npears toheusedinstead of thefeminine formwith mcuiisM thought. S&-\nyanareadsmanUhftmin theaccusativecase,andfollowingliir) afProfessorWil-\nsontranslates: ‘MaythediscriminatingIndraapprehend my glorification (of\nthe Gods), whichisfree asamilch-cow grazing alone, without a cowherd.’\npT rh oe ceC eo du sj; tcV4 vli t Voic 'e V’o -r vSp 1ee ec mh, plt oh ye ,v ao ni cc le wof hip cr hay Ie nr da rand ap nr dai As ge nw ihic arh et sh ae idpoe tot\napp \"2ro Av se ia nn .\n^ . .\n'\n:\na ic sce np ota sn uc be s.\ntantive inthe text. Sdyana supplies\nvedydm, altar.\ntio3 n.Th Te hF eul gl e; rmA ,gn wi i. thiT nhe Msi msters Agnt ih ’e sf fi rn uge cr ts ifw yh ini gch pp owr eo rd .uce Tt hh eef Yir oe ub ngy lif nri yc-\nAgni. AccordingtoS&yanathe Cowsare the plantswhichspring up in the\nvegetableworld,adornedwithallits variousproducts, ascows goeagerly to\ntheir calves, f"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 381,
            "content": "— —\n: ; :\nHYMN 5$,] THE MG VEDA, 385\n4 Fixing with thought, at sacrifice, the press-stones, I bid the\nwell-formed Heaven and Earth come hither\nF.. or these thy flames, which give men boons in plenty, rise up\non high, the beautiful, the holy,\n,\n5 Agni, thy meath-sweet tongue that tastes fair viands, which\namong Gods is called the far-extended,\nTherewith make allthe Holy Ones be seated here forourhelp,\nand feed them with sweetjuices.\n6 Let thy stream give us drink, 0 God, O Agni, wonderful and\nexhaustless like the rain-clouds.\nThus care for us, 0 Vasu J&tavedas, show us thy loving-kind-\nness, reaching all men.\nHYMN LYIIL\nAsvins.\nThe Ancient’s Milch-cow yields the things we long for the\n:\nSon of Dakshina travels between them.\nShe with the splendid chariot brings refulgence. The praise\nof Ushas hath awoke the Asvins.\n2 They bear you hither by well-ordered statute our sacred\n:\nofferings rise as if to parents.\nDestroy in us the counsel of the niggard come hitherward,\n:\nfor we have shown you favour.\n3 With lightly-rolling car and well-yoked horses hear this, the\npress-stone’s song, ye Wonder-Workers.\nHave not the sages of old time, ye Asvins, called you most\nprompt tocome and stay misfortune?\n4 Remember us, and come to us, for ever men, as their wont is,\ninvoeate the Asvins.\nFriends as it were have offered you these juices, sweet, blent\nwith milk at the first break of morning.\n—\n5 Eventhrough manyregions, 0 yeAsvins high praise isyours\namong mankind, ye Mighty\nCome, helpers, on the paths which Gods have travelled : here\nyour libations of sweet,meath arc ready.\n4 T-hyflames: 0 Agni.\n6 Jdtavedas: knowingallthings thatliveorexist.\n1 The Ancient's Milch-cow: bounteous UshasorDawn, daughterof an-\ncient Dyaus or Heaven. Dakshind: the sacrificial guerdon, personified.\nHersonisAgni,theSun who travelsbetween inaveu and canli.\n2 They our offerings of prayer and praise. Destroy %nu$ removefrom\nusallilliberalthoughts,andletusbebounteousin our worship of the Gods.\n5 Eventhrouyh manyregions: come to useven from faraway, although\nmany other worshippers alsowill try todetainyou,\n25"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 382,
            "content": ";:;\n386 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK III\n.\n6 Ancient your home, auspicious is your friendship : Heroes,\nyour wealth is with the house of Jahnu.\nForming again with you auspicious friendship, let us rejoice\nwitli draughts of meath together.\n7 0 Asvins, Very Mighty Ones, with Vayu and with his steeds,\none-minded, ever-youthful,\nNAsatyas, joying in the third day’s Soma, drink it, nothostile,\nVery Bounteous Givers.\n8 Asvins, to you are brought abundant viands in rivalry with\nsacred songs, unceasing.\nSprung from high Law your car, urged on by press-stones,\ngoes round the earth and heaven in one brief moment.\n9 Asvins, your Somasheds delicioussweetness drink yethereof\n:\nand come unto our dwelling.\nYour car, assuming many a shape, most often goes to the\nSoma-presser’s place of meeting.\nHYMN\nLIX. Mitra.\nMttra, when speaking, stirreth men to labour Mitra sustam-\n:\neth both the earth and heaven.\nMitra beholdeth men with eyes that close* not. To Mitra\nbring, with holy oil, oblation.\n2 Foremost he he who brings thee food, 0 Mitra, who strives to-\nkeep thy sacred Law, Aditya.\nHe whom thou helpest ne’er is slain or conquered, on him,\nfrom near or far, falls no affliction.\n3 Joying insacred food and freefrom sickness, with knees bent\nlowly on the earth’s broad surface,\nFollowing closely the Aditya’s statute, may we remain in\nMitra’ gracious favour.\ns\n4\nAuspiciousandadorable,thisMitrawasbomwithfairdominion.\nt King, Disposer.\nMay we enjoy the graceof him the Holy, yea, rest inhis pro-\npitious loving-kindness.\n5 The great Aditya, to be served with worship, who stirreth\nmen, is gracious to the singer.\n6 The houseofJahnu thefamilyof the Kusikas, of whom Jahnuwas\ntheancestor, iJahnu’s children’ are mentioned as having beenfavoured\nworshippersof theAsvins in BookI. 116. 19.\n7 The third,day's Soma pressedout thedaybefore yesterday, andin the\nmeantime lefttoferment,\n1 Stirrethmentolabour Mifcrabeing the Godof Day, Cf, YII, 302,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 383,
            "content": ":\nm\nMrME GO.] THE JUGVEDA.\nTo Mitra, him most highly to be lauded, offer in fire oblation\nthat he loveth.\n6 Thegainful graceof Mitra, God, supporter of the r&ce ofman,\nGives splendour of most glorious fame.\n7 Mitra whose glory spreads afar, he who in might surpasses\nheaven,\nSurpasses earth in his renown.\n8 All the Five Races have repaired to Mitra, ever strong to aid.\nFor he sustaineth all the Gods.\n9 Mitra to Gods, to living men, to him who strews the holy\ngrass,\n„\nGives food fulfilling sacred Law.\nHYMN\nLX.\nRibhifc.\nHerb is your ghostly kinship, here, 0 Men : they came desir-\nous to these holy rites with store of wealth,\nWith wondrous arts, whereby, with schemes to meet each\nneed,\nYe gained, Sudhanvan’s Sons S your share in sacrifice.\n2 The mighty powers wherewith ye formed the chalices, the\nthought by which ye drew the cow from out the hide, ^\nThe intellect wherewith ye wrought the two Bay Steeds,\nthrough these, 0.Ribhus, ye attained divinity.\n3 Friendship with Indra have the Ribhus fully gained grand-\n:\nsons of Manu, they skilfully urged the work.\nSudhanvan’s Children won them everlasting life, serving with\nholy rites, pious with noble acts.\n4 In company with Indra come ye to the juice, then gloriously\nshall your wishes be fulfilled.\nNot to be paragoned, ye Priests, are your good deeds, nor\nyour heroic acts, Ribhus, Sudhanvan’s Sons.\n5 0 Indra., with the Ribhus, MightyOnes, pour down the Soma\njuice effused, well-blent, from both thyhands.\nMaghavan, urged by song, in the drink-offerer’s house rejoice\nthee with the Heroes, with Sudhanvan’s Sons.\n8 9 A Gl il vet sh fe oF oi dv fe ulF fa ic lt lis ng: sal al crA er dy La an wmen t. hefoodwhich enablesmen too^ ffertheI\napp 1oi Hn et re ed is sac yr oi ufi rce gs. hostlykinship: here, i^ nthe sacrificial chamber wherethe\ndeitiesareworshipped, ye, Iiib1 -.-\"V ~-n, are spiritually connected\nwiththeGodsas partakers of They: theRibhus. With\nstoreof wealth : theirgreatskill the 'wondrous arts* of the follow .in .g .. li .ne ..\n2 SecX. 20. 2, 3, 6."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 384,
            "content": ":: :\nm\nthe hymns of [book hi.\n6 With Eibhu near, and Vaja, Indra, here exult, with Saehi,\npraised of many, in the juice we pour.\nThe —se homes wherein we dwellhaveturnedthemselvestothee,\ndevotions to the Gods, as laws of men ordain.\n7 Come with,the mighty Eibhus, Indra, come to us, strengthen-\ning with thy help the singer’s holypraise;\nAt hundred eagercalls come to the living man, with thousand\narts attend the act of sacrifice,\nHYMN\nLXI. Ushas.\n0 Ushas, strong with strength, endowed with knowledge,\nacceptthe singer’s praise, 0 wealthy Lady.\nThou, Goddess, ancient, young, and full of wisdom, moves b,\nall-bounteous\n!\nas the Law ordaineth.\n2 Shine forth, 0 Morning, thou auspicious Goddess, on thy\nbright car awaking pleasant voices.\nLet docile horses of far-reaching splendour oonvey thee\nhitherward, the golden-coloured.\n3 Thou, Morning, turning thee to every creature, standest on\nhigh as ensign of the Immortal,\nTo one same goal ever and ever wending now, like a wheel,\n:\n0 newly-born, roll hither.\n4 Letting her reins drop downward, Morning cometh, the\nwealthy Dame, the Lady of the dwelling\n;\nBringingforth light, the Wonderful, the Blesskd hath spread\nher from the bounds of earthand heaven.\n5 Hither invoke theradiant Goddess Morning, and bring with\nreverence yourhymn to praise her.\nShe, dropping sweets, hath set in heaven her brightness, and,\nfair to look on, hath beamed forth her splendour.\n6 From heaven, with hymns, the Holy One was wakened\nbrightly to both worlds came the wealthy Lady.\nTo Morning, Agni, when she comes refulgent, thou goest\nforth soliciting fair riches.\n7 On Law’s firm base the speeder of the Mornings, ths Bull,\nhath enteredmighty earth and heaven.\nGreat is the power of Vanina and Mitra, whieh, bright, hath\nspread in every place its splendour.\n6 BacM: Might, personified,the Consortof Indra,\n7 Thelivingman the worshipper.\n3 TheImmortal theSun.\n4 Lettingherreinsdrop : perhaps, sendingdownraysof light.\n•7 TheBull? the Sun, who, as followingthe Dawns, may besaid tourge\nthemonward,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 385,
            "content": "— —\n; : :\n&TMX Gt] Win kwVtibA. S89\nHYMN LXIL Indraand Others.\nYotTR well-known prompt activities aforetime needed no im-\npulse from your faithful servant.\nWhere, Indra-Yanina, is now that glory wherewith ye\nbrought support to those who loved you?\n2 This man, most diligent, seeking after riches, incessantly\ninvokes you for your favour.\nAccordant, Indra-Varuna,withMaruts, with HeavenandEarth,\nhear ye mine invocation.\n3 0 Indra-Yaruna, ourshethistreasure, ours.bewealth, Maruts,\nwith full store of heroes.\nMay the Varutris withtheir shelter aid us, and Bharati and\nHotrli with the Mornings.\n4 Be pleased with our oblations, thou loved of all Gods, Brihas-\npati\nGive wealth to him who brings thee gifts.\n5 At sacrifices, with your hymns worship the pure Brihaspati\nI pray for power which none may bend\n6 The Bull of men, whom none deceive, the wearer of each\nshape at will,\nBrihaspati Most Excellent.\n7 Divine, resplendent Pushan, this our newest hymn of eulogy\nBy us is chanted forth to thee.\n8 Accept with favour this my song, be gracious to the earnest\nthought,\nEven as a bridegroom to his bride.\nThe hymn consists of sis trichas or triplets, the deitiesof which are\nseverally (1) Indra and Vanina, (2) Brihaspati, (3) Pdshan, (4) Savitar, (5)\nBoma, (6) Mitraand Varuna.\nX Thisstanza isdifficulton accountof the uncertaintyof themeaningof\nbhrimdyah inthe firstline and of sinam, inthe second. ProfessorWilson\nrendersit: ‘Iudra and Varuna, maythese peoplewhoarerelyinguponyou,\nand wandering about(in alarm), sustain noinjury fromayouthful(adver-\nsary) forwhereis that reputation (youenjoy) onaccountthatyoubestow\nsusten; anceon yourfriends?’ ProfessorLudwig’s translationistothefollow-\ni mn ag de eff ne oct t: to4T bh ee hs ue rlt eh da at ta yr oe urco du en pt ee ndd eny to .urs V, art uh ne as ,e Mw ih ti rr al ,in wg hew re eap ison ts h, isw ye or ue r\nglory, wherewith againstyour friendsyesend your missile?* My version\nfollowsProfessorBoth’sinterpretationintheSt. PetersburgLexi^con.\n2 Thisman : the worshipper.\ning3 tT ohe thV ear CM or ml ms entg au ta or rd .ian JBhG do rd ad te tss ae ns d; Jt fh fe otO ro dn ;so Gr of dcs deo sf set she prG eo sd is d, ina gcco or vd e- r\ndifferentdepartmentsof religious worship.\n4 Brihaspati Lord of Prayer.\n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 386,
            "content": "—\n: : :\n9\n390 TEE RIOTTEA, IBOOK TIL\nMay lie who sees all living things, sees them together at a\nglance,\nMay he, may Pushan be our help.\n10 May wp attain that excellentglory of Savitar the God\n:\nBo may he stimulate our prayers.\n11 With understanding, earnestly, of Savitar the God we crave\nOur portion of prosperity.\n12 Men, singers worship Savitar the God with hymn and holy\nrites,\nUrged by the impulse of their thoughts.\n13 Sonia who gives success goes forth, goes to the gathering-\nplace of Gods,\nTo seat him at the seat of Law.\n14 To us and to our cattle may Soma give salutary food,\nTo biped and to quadruped.\n15 May Soma, strengthening our power of life, and conquering\nour foes,\nIn our assembly take his seat.\n16 May Mitra-Varuna, sapient Pair, bedew our pasturage with\noil,\nWith meath the regions of the air.\n17 Far-ruling, joyful when adored, ye reign through majesty of\nmight,\nWith pure laws everlastingly.\n18 Lauded by Jamadagni’s song, sit in the place of holy Law ;\nl)rink Soma, ye who strengthen Law.\n10 ThisstanzaistheS&vitri,theG&yatriparexcellence\n,\n*thecelebratedverse\noftheVedaswhichforms partof thedaily devotionsof the Brahmans,,and\nwastotmade knownto Englishreadersby Sir AV. Jones’s translationof a\nparaphrasticinterpretation herendersit,Letusadorethesupremacyofthat\ndivinesun,thegodhead, wh; oilluminatesall,fromwhomallproceed, towhom\nallmustreturn,whom weinvoketo direct ourunderstandings arightin our\n—\nprogresstowardshis holyseat.’ AVilson* See Rigveda Sanhitd,Vol. III. p.\n111\n.\n13 Thegathering-placeofGods thesacrificialchamber. Theseat ofLaw\ntheplacewheresacrificeordained byeternal Lawisperformed.\n16 With oil: withclarified butter, with fatness, that is, with fertilizing\nrain. With menth urwithlnmey, that is with sweetrefreshing dew.\n18 Jamadagni may,according to Havana, bein this place anepithet of\nATv/imitra, and, mean cbv whom thelire hasbeen kindled ;’or Jamadagni\nmay beanother llisliiand theseerof thehymn."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 387,
            "content": "—\nBOOK THE FOURTH.\nHYMN\nL\nAgni.\nThee, Agni, have the Gods, ever of one accord, sent hither\ndown, a God, appointed messenger, yea, with their wisdom\nsent thee down.\nThe Immortal, 0 thou Holy One, mid mortal men, the God-\ndevoted God, the wise, have they brought forth, brought\nforth the omnipresent God-devoted Sage.\n2 As such, 0 Agni, bi'ing with favour to the Gods thy Brother\nYarunawho loveth sacrifice, the Chief who loveth sacrifice,\nTrue to the Law, the Aditya who supporteth men, the King,\nsupporter of mankind.\n3 Bo thou, 0 Friend, turn hither him who is our Friend, swift\nas a wheel, like two car-steeds in rapid course, Wondrous\n1\nto us in rapid course.\n0 Agni, find thou grace for us with Yaruna, with Maruts\nwho illumine all.\nBless us, thou Radiant One, for seed and progeny, yea, bless\nus, 0 thou Wondrous God.\n4 Do thou who knowest Yaruna, 0 Agni, put far away from us\nthe God's displeasure.\nBest Sacrificer, brightest One, refulgent, remove thou far\nfrom us all those who hate us.\n5 Be thou, 0 Agni, nearest us with succour, our closest Friend\nwhile now this Morn is breaking.\nReconcile to us Yaruna, be bounteous enjoy the gracious\n:\njuice he swift to hear us.\n;\n6 Excellent is the glance, of brightest splendour, which the\nauspicious God bestows on mortals,\nThe God'sglance, longed-for even as the butter, pure, heated,\nof the cow, the milch-cow's bounty.\n7 Three are those births, the true, the most exalted, eagerly\nlonged-for, of the God, of Agni,\nHe came invested in the boundless region, pure, radiant,\nfriendly, mightily resplendent.\nThis hymn, and thefollowing forty, are ascribed to theRishiV&madeva*\nsonofGotama. £ •\n‘7 Three, arethosebirths: the manifestations ofAgni inheaven asthe Sun ,\ninthefirmamentas lightning, andonearth as sacrificial and domestic fire."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 388,
            "content": "; ; ::: : : ; :\n392 THE HYMNS ON [BOOK It.\n8 This envoy joyeth in all seats of worship, borne on his golden\ncar, sweet-tongued Invoker :\nLovely to look on, with red steeds, effulgent, like a feast rich\nin fopd, joyous for ever.\n9 Allied by worship, lethim give man knowledge : by an ex-\ntended cordtheylead him onward.\nHe stays, effectual, in this mortal's dwelling, and the God\nwins a share in his possessions.\n— —\n10 Let Agni for he knows the way conduct us to all that he\nenjoys of God-sent riches,\nWhat all the Immortals have prepared with wisdom, Dyaus,\nSire, Begetter, raining down true blessings.\n11 In housesfirst hesprang intoexistence, atgreatheaven'sbase,\nand in this region's bosom\nFootless and headless, both his ends concealing, in his Bull's\nlair drawing himself together.\n12 Wondrously first he rose aloft, defiant, in the Bull's lair, the\nhome of holy Order,\nLonged-for, young, beautiful, and far-resplendent : and seven\ndear friends sprang up unto the Mighty.\n13 Here did ourhuman fathers take theirplaces, fain to fulfil\nthe sacred Law of worship.\nForth drave they, withloud call, Dawn's teeming Milch-kinO.\nhid in the mountain-stable, in the cavern.\n14 Splendid werethey whenthey hadrent themountain others,\n:\naround, shall tell forth this their exploit.\nThey sangtheir song, preparedto free the cattle : they found’\nthe light; with holy hymns they worshipped.\n8 Sweet-tongued; withtastingtheoblations ; or, perhaps,pleasant-voiced.\n9 Byanextendedcord byvirtueoftheendlesschainorseries ofregularly\nperformedsacrifices. Effectual perfectingthesacrifices,or fulfillingall the\ndesiresofthe worshipper.\nA shareinMspossessions • because thewealth ofthe worshipper depends\nuponthefavourofAgni.\n11 Footlessandheadless withoutdistinguishableheadorfeet.\nHis Bull'slair apparentlythe fuelinwhich hegrows strong according\ntoS&yana, £inthenestoftheraincloud.’ ;\n12 Thehomeofholy Ordei* thealtar,theplace oflaw-appointed sacrifice.\nSevendearfriends: seven minorpriests\n;\northefrequentlymentioned seven\ntonguesorraysoffire.\n13 Ourhumanfathers the Angirases. Teeming MUch-Mne thefays of *\nlight.\nH\nSplendid illuminedbytherecoveredraysoflight;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 389,
            "content": ":\nm\nHYMN THE im VEDA.\nl.J\n15 Eager, with thought intent upon the booty, the men with\ntheir celestial speech threw open\nThe solid mountain firm, compact, enclosing, confining Cows,\nthe stable full of cattle.\no\n16 The Milch-cow'searliestnametheycomprehended\n;\ntheyfound\nthe Mother’s thrice-seven noblest titles.\nThis the bands knew, and sent forth acclamation : with the\nBull's sheen the Bed One Was apparent.\n17 The turbid darkness fled, the heaven was splendid : up rose\nthebright beam of celestial Morning.\nSurya ascended to the wide expanses, beholdingdeeds of men\nboth good andevil,\n18 Then, afterwards they looked around, awakened, when first\nthey held that HeaVen-allotted treasure.\nNow all the Gods abideinalltheir dwellings. Varuna, Mitra,\nbe the prayer effective,\n19 1 will call hither brightly-beaming Agni, the Herald, all-sup-\nporting, best at worship.\nHe hath disclosed, like the milch-cows' pureudder, the Soma's\njuice when cleansed and poured from beakers.\n20 Thefreest God of allwho should beworshipped, the guest who\nis received in all men's houses, —\nAgni who hath secured the Gods' high favour, may he be\ngracious, to us, Jdtavedas.\n15 Thebooty: the Cows, theraysoflight. Their celestialspeech: prayer.\n16 The Milch-cow's: here, accordingto Sflyana, VakorVoice, Speech, or\nespeciallyprayer. Itis uncertain whatis meantby the Mother's thrice-seven\nnoblest(titles, names, forms,or some similar word being necessarily under-\nstood). ProfessorWilson, followingS&yana, renders thepassage\n:\n*knowing\nthethrice-sevenexcellent(forms)ofthematernal(rhythm)/thatis,thetwenty-\nonemetresoftheVedas ; or, headds, the passagemay refer ‘tothe ancient\nnomenclatureof cattle, asutteredby theAngirases as JEM, surabhi guggulu,\n,\ngandhinij etc/\nWiththeBull'ssheen; withthesplendouroftheSun. TheRed One : TJslias\norDawn,\n18 That Heaven-allottedtreasure therecoveredraysoflight.\n19 Sdyana’sexplanationof the second lineof this stanza is different, and\nProfessor Wilson, followinghim translates: fwithoutmilkingthepureudder\n(ofthecow),withoutpurifiedfoodofthe Somaoffered in libation/ implying,\naccordingtothe Scholiast, *thatno offeringismade toAgnionthe occasion\n;\npraisealoneisaddressedto him/ Nd, in theVeda, itmaybe remembered,\nmeansbothnotandlike, and insome passages it isdifficulttodetermine in\nwhichofitssenses thewordis tobetaken."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 390,
            "content": "— ——\n:: ;\n304 THE HYMNS OF [KOOK IV.\nHYMN\nII. Agni*\nThe Faithful One, Immortal among mortals, a God among\nthe Gods, appointed envoy,\nPriest, bestat worship, must shine forth in glory : Agni shall\nbe raised high with man’s oblations.\n2 Born for us here this day, 0 Son of Vigour, between both\nraces of born beings, Agni,\nThou farest as an envoy, having harnessed, Sublime One !\nthy strong-muscled radiantstallions.\n3 I laud the ruddy steeds who pour down blessing, dropping\noil, fleetest through the thought of Order.\nYoking red horses to and fro thou goest between you Deities\nand mortal races.\n4 Aryaman, Mitra, Varuna, and Indra with Vishnu, of the\nGods, Maruts and Asvins\nThese, Agni, with good car and steeds, bring hither, most\nbountiful, to folk with fair oblations.\n5 Agni, be this our sacrifice eternal, with brave friends, rich in\nkine and sheep and horses,\nBich, Asura in sacred food and children, in full assembly,\n!\nwealth broad-based and during.\n6 The man who, sweating, brings for thee the fuel, and makes\nhis head toache, thy faithful servant,\nAgni, to him be a self-strong Protector guard him from all\nwho seek to do him mischief. :\n7 Who brings thee food, though thou hast food in plenty, wel-\ncomes his cheerful guest and speeds him onwar—d,\nWho kindles thee devoutly in his dwelling, to him be\nwealth secure and freely giving.\n5 Whoso sings praise to thee at eve or morning, and, with\noblation, doth the thing thou lovest,\nIn his own home, even as a gold-girt courser, rescue him from\ndistress, the bounteous giver.\n9 Whoso brings gifts to thee Immortal, Agni, and doth thee\nservice with uplifted ladle,—\nLethimnot, sorely toiling, lose his riches; letnot thesinner’s\nwickedness enclose him.\n,2 Betweenbothraces of bornbeings between Godsandmen, the Godsalso\nbeingcalledjdtfthorborn, as sonsof Heaven and Earth.\n3 Thethought of Order thethoughtof Law-appointed sacrifice.\n6Yo Mu aD ke niti he is s: het ah de tG oo ad cs heof w wih to hm tht eho lu o, adAg on fi, woar ot do wne h.\nich Hecarriesonit.\n7 Freelygiving: enablingthepossessorto bebountifulin turn."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 391,
            "content": "—\n—\n: :\nMYMN 2.] THE RIGVEDA. 395\n10 Whose well-wrought worship thou acceptest, Agui, thou God\na mortals gift, thou liberal Giver,\nDear be his sacrifice to thee, Most Youthful ! and may we\nstrengthen him when he adores thee.\n11 May he who knows distinguish sense and folly of men, like\nstraight'and crooked backs of horses.\nLead us, 0 God, to wealth and noble offspring : keep penury\nafar and grant us plenty.\n12 This Sage the Sages, ne’er deceived, commanded, setting\nhim down in dwellings of the living.\nHence mayst thou, friendly God, with rapid footsteps behold\nthe Gods, wonderful, fair to look on.\n13 Good guidance hast thou for the priest, 0 Agni, who,\nYoungest God with out-poured Soma serves thee.\n!\nRuler of men, thou joyous God, bring treasure splendid and\nplentiful to aid the toiler.\n14 Now all that we, thy faithful servants, Agni, have done with\nfeet, with hands, and with our bodies,\nThe wise, with toil, the holy rite have guided, as those who\nframe a car with manual cunning.\n15 May we, seven sages first in rank, engender, from Dawn the\nMother, men to heordainers.\nMay we, Angirases, he sons of Heaven, and, radiant, burst\nthe wealth-containing mountain.\n16 As in the days of old our ancient Fathers, speeding the work\nof holy worship, Agni,\n11 He who knows: the wise Agni. Like straight and crooked lacks:\npa d Ii as - sv f, sd ! \" aTn „ g.f vr eo .w .n ’, s! Po rf ofebh seo sr t os w re es R We, o in lti shws oe nils n ,lu -p fhsp oihl lsai lpe oied n wd t ie nb r gay pn Srd e &S t yi aa al ty nl ia a- o ,n s na h ta r; p o ae fa nds sd lb i aaa t tc i ekh m sso .r as *ne bdK- eek ee bde p odp uipe ntr e ti in m fuo urr liy ng ta or f to a tho r him : es\nl ti hb eer la il fegi tv oe cr\no;\nmes .h ’u—nh Mi am xw Muh lo leg ri .vesnot.’ ‘.Giveusthislife onearth, keepoff\n12 ThisSage Agni. The Sages : theother Gods. Commanded ordered\nto become a priestly herald or invoker. With rapid footsteps: I follow\nS&yana but the correctness of his explanation is doubtful. Accordingto\nPischel,;padbhihhere means ‘with(thine)eyes.’\n15 ‘Again, throughtheidentificationofthefatherswith thelighttheyare\nbrought into connection withthe metaphorof generation Thefathers\nareunitedwith theDawn,and desirewithherto begetmalechildren. Ina\nhymn to Somathey arementioned alongwith themorning Sunashaving\np wl ha ice ct h! gt ih ve ebg ie rr thm toin gt oh de\ns\nae na drt mh e; n,an id sdt eh se crifr bu ei dtf au sln pe rs os duo cf edhe ba yve tn hea fn atd here sa .r ’th,\nW .a .l Tl hi es, wC eo as lm tho -l co og ny tao if nlt nh geR mi og ur nc td aa i, n.p. ;7 t2 h. ecloud withits storeof rain, orthe\ncavein which thecowsorrays of light wereimprisoned."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 392,
            "content": "— —\n; : ::\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK TV*\nSought pure light and devotion, singing praises they cleft\n;\nthe ground and made red Dawns apparent.\n1? Gods, doing holy acts, devout, resplendent, smelting like ore\ntheii;human generations,\nEnkindling Agni and exalting Indra, they came encompassing\nthe stall of cattle.\n18 Strong One he marked them-—and the Gods before them\n!\nlike herds of cattle ina foodful pasture.\nThere they moaned forth their strong desire for mortals, to\naid the True, the nearest One, the Living.\n—\n19 We have worked for thee, we have laboured nohly bright\nDawns have shed their light upon our worship\nAdding a beauty to theperfect Agni, and the God’s beauteous\neye that shines for ever.\n20 Agni, Disposer, we have sung these praises to thee the Wise\ndo thou accept them gladly.\nBlaze up on high and ever make us richer. Give us great\nwealth, 0 thou whoseboons are many.\nHYMN\nIIL Agni.\nWin, to assist you, Rudra, Lord of worship, Priest of both\nworlds, effectual Sacrificer,\nAgni, invested with his golden colours, before the thunder\nstrike and layyou senseless.\n2 This shx-ine have we made ready for thy coming, as the fond\ndame attires herfor herhusband.\nPerformer of good work, sit down before us, invested while\nthese flames incline to meet thee.\n3 A hymn, 0 Priest, to him who hears, the gentle, to him who\nlooks on men, exceeding gracious,\nA song of praise sing to the God Immortal, whom the stone,\npresser of the sweet juice,worships.\n17 Gods the godlikeAngirases. Smelting like ore purifyingtheirhum-\nanity, asoreispurifiedbysmelting.\n18 Strong One: 0mightyAgni. Remarkedthem: Indra saw thekine of\ntheAngirases,thestolenraysoflight. The True theNearest One theLiving\nAgniappears tobemeant. , ,\nJ Rudra: here meaning Agni. Before the thunder strike: before death\novertakesyou. ProfessorLudwigreferstotheAtharvaveda, XIX. 2. 9, where\nAgniKravy&d,orAgniinhismost terrificform, isspoken ofas theGod of\nDeathwhostupefiesmenwithhisthunderbolt.\n2 Thefames:thereisnosubstantiveinthetext. S&yanasupplies cflamesor\nsongs ofpraise,’or‘ladles’ may be the word understood. Professor Ludwig\nsupplies visah or prajdh (families or people/ and Professor Grassmann\n‘libations,’ ' \\"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 393,
            "content": ": :::\nHYMN 3.] THE RIGVEDA, 397\n4 Even as true knower of the Law, 0 Agni, to this our solemn\nrite be thou attentive.\nWhen shall thy songs of festival be sung thee ? When is thy\nfriendship shown within our dwelling? s\n5 Why this complaint to Yaruna, 0 Agni? And why to\nHeaven ? for what is our transgression?\nHow wilt thou speak to Earth and bounteous Mitra? What\nwilt thou say to Aryaman and Bhaga ?\n6 What, when thou blazest on the lesser altars, what to the\nmighty Wind who comes to bless us.\nTrue, circumambient ? what to Earth, 0 Agni, what wilt\nthou say to man-destroying Rudra ?\n7 How to greatPushan who promotes ourwelfare,-— tohonoured\nRudra what, who gives oblations?\n10 What sin of ours to the far-striding Vishnu, what, Agni, wilt\nthou tell the Lofty Arrow.\n8 What wilt thou tell the truthful band of Maruts, how answer\nthe great Sun when thou art questioned%\nBefore the Free, before the Swift, defend us : fulfil heaven’s\nwork, all-knowing Jatavedas.\n9 I crave the cow’s truegift arranged by Order : though raw,\nshe hath the sweet ripe juice, 0 Agni.\nThough sheisblack of hue with milk sheteemeth, nutritious,\nbrightly shining, all-sustaining.\nAgni the Bull, the manly, hath been sprinkled with oilupon\nhis back, by Law eternal.\nHe who gives vital powergoes on unswerving. Prism the\nBull hath milked the pure white udder.\n5 Whythis complaint; whydostthouaccuseus ofsin?\n6 Onthelesseraltars : onthedMshny6$ }s:^r rever-\ne wd icw ki et dh ms ea nn ,d so an ysw th hi ech Sct hh oe lif ai sr te .is p Rl ua dce rd a.\nis\ngener- all' yr.e;\npresented asa\nbeneo *f\nvolentGod.\n7 TheLoftyArrow : thelightning. —\n8 Now answer the great$un thesenseofstanzas 5 8 appears to be, as\naP nro yfr\"-” T.* :'\ny i\nbs ;e br ev ,es ra: tht eh ro ,u ouh ras at dvn oo cag tr eo iu fn Sd ns ryf aor cc oo mm ep sla fi on ri wn ag rdof asus out ro\naccuser.\nBeforetheFree, befwetheSwift theSun.\n9 The —first,lineisdifficult. (l solicitthe milkof thecowessentialforthe\nsacrifice.’ Wilson. Though raw this opposition of the uncooked cowand\nthemilkcooked orripenedinherudderhasbeen noticedbefore. See,1. 62. 9.\n10 Prisni here said toheSuryaorthe Sun, whp drawshislightfrom the\nsky. Butsee Bcnfcy, Yedicaund Verwandtcs, pp. 71, 75."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 394,
            "content": ":\nS9S THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 1\\\\\n11 By Law the Augirases cleft the rock asunder, and sang their\nhymns-together with the cattle.\nBringing great bliss the men encompassed Morning ; light\nwarfapparent at the birth of Agni;\n12 By Law the Immortal Goddesses the Waters, with meath-rich\nwaves, 0 Agni, and uninjured,\nLike a strong courser lauded in his running, sped to flow\nonward swiftly and for ever,\n,13 Go never to the feast of one who harms us, the treacherous\nneighbour or unworthy kinsman.\nPunish us notfor a false brother’s .trespass. Let us not feel\nthe might of friend or foeman.\n14 0 Agni, keep us safe with thyprotection, loving us, honoured\nGod and ever guarding.\n!\nBeat thouaway, destroysevere affliction : slay e’en the demon\nwhen he waxes mighty,\n15 Through these our songs of praise he gracious, Agni; moved\nby our prayers, 0 Hero, touch our viands.\nAccept, 0 Angiras, these our devotions, and let the praise\nwhich Gods desire address thee.\n16 To thee who knowest, Agni, thou Disposer, all these wise\nsecret speeches have 1 uttered,\nSung to thee, Sage, the charming words of wisdom, to thee,\n0 Singer, with my thoughts and praises.\nHYMN\nIV. Agni.\nPut forth like a wide-spreading net thy vigour go like a\n;\nmighty King with his attendants.\nThou, following thy swift net, shootest arrows transfix the\n;\nfiends with darts that burn most fiercely.\n2 Forth go in rapid flight thy whirling weapons follow them\n:\nclosely, glowing in thy fury.\nSpread with thy tongue the winged flames, 0 Agni unfet-\n;\ntered, cast thy firebrands all around thee.\n3 Send thy spiesforward, fleetest in thy motion be, ne’er de-\n;\nceived, the guardian of this people\nFrom him who, near or far, is bent on evil, and let notrouble\nsent from thee overcome us.\nThishymn is saidbyS&yanatobeaddressed toAgnias slayer'ofthe Rak-\nshasas, thatis, asGodofthefirewithwhichtheimmigrant Aryansburntthe\njungle, drovebackthehostileaborigines, and clearedtheground forencamx>\nmentorpermanentsettlement.\n3 Thy spies thyfirstflames,sentforwardas iftoreconnoitre."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 395,
            "content": "; : :\nIlYMM 4.] TI1B MGVBDA. 399\n4 Bise up, 0 Agni, spread thee out before us burn down our\n:\nfoes, thou who hast^sharpened arrows.\nHim, blazing Agni who haHTlvorked us mischief, consume\n!\nthou utterly like dried-up stubble. #\n5 Eise, Agni, drive offthose -who fight against us\n:\nmake mani-\nfest thine own celestial vigour.\nSlacken the strong bows of the demon-driven destroy our\n:\nfoemen whether kin or stranger.\nG Most Youthful God, he knoweth well thy favour who gave an\nimpulse to this high devotion.\nAll fair days and magnificence of riches hast thou beamed\nforth upon the good man’s portals.\n’7 Blest, Agni, be the man, the liberal giver, who vTith his lauds\nand regular oblation\nIs fain to please thee for his life and dwelling. May all his\ndays he bright he this his longing.\n:\n8 I praise thy gracious favour : sing in answer. May this my\nsong sing like aloved one with thee.\nLords of good steeds and cars may wre adorn thee, and dayby\nday vouchsafe thou us dominion.\n9 Here offree choice let each one serve thee richly, resplendent\nday by day at eve and morning.\nSo may -we honour thee, content and joyous, passing beyond\nthe glories of the people.\n10 Whoso -with good steeds and fine gold, 0 Agni, comes nigh\nthee on a car laden with treasure,\nHis Friend art thou, yea, thou art his Protector whose joy it\nis to entertain thee duly.\n11 Through words and kinship 1 destroy the mighty: this power\nI have from Gotama my father.\nMark thou this speech of ours, 0 thou Most Youthful, Friend\nof the House, exceeding wise, Invoker.\n12 Knowing no slumber, speedy and propitious, alert and ever\nfriendly, most umvearied,\nMay thy protecting prnvers, unerring Agni, taking theirplaces\nhere, combined, preserve us.\n5 Thedemon-driven : thosewhom evilspiritsinciteto attackub.\n8 Singinanswer withtheauspicioussound ofthycracklingflames.\n11 Through words and kinship thatis, through my closealliance with\nAgni, effected by theprayers with whichmy fathers and Ihave worshipped\nhim.\nThemighty theB&ksliasasor demons; accordingtoS&yana."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 396,
            "content": "—\n; : :\n400 TEEHYMNS OF [BOOKIV•\n13 Thy guardian rays,, 0 Agni, when they saw him, preserved\nblind Mkmateya from affliction.\nLord of all riches, he preserved the pious : the foes who fain\nwould harm them did no mischief,\n4ided by thee with thee may we be wealthy, may we gain\nstrength with thee to guide us onward.\nFul tf hi il s,th te how uo Gr ods\nd\nwof hob moth p, ow0 erE ev me br olT dr eu nt sh .ful : s *traightway do\n15Q Agni,with this fuel will we serve thee; accept the laud we\nsing to thee with favour.\nDestroy the cursing B&kshasas preserveus, 0rich infriends,\n:\nfrom guile andscorn and slander,\nHYMN\nV. Agni.\nHow shall we giye with one accord oblation to Agni, to\nV^sv&nara the Bounteous1\n‘Cheat light, with full high growth hath he uplifted, and, as\nv\n/,a pillar hears the roof, sustainsit.\n,\n% Beproach pothim who, God and self-reliant, vouchsafed this\nbounty unto me a mortal,\nDeathless, discerner, wise, to me the simple, Vaisv&nai'a most\nmanly, youthful Agni.\n3 Sharp-poiuted, powerful, strong, of boundless vigour, Agni\nwho knows the lofty hymn, kept secret —\nAs the lost milch-cow’s track, the doubly Mighty, he hath\ndeclared to me this hidden knowledge.\nA May be with sharpened teeth, the Bounteous Giver, Agni,\nconsume with flame mostfiercely glowing4\nThose who regaz'dnot Varuna’s commandments and the dear\nstedfast laws of sapient Mitra.\n13 Thisstanzahas occurredbefore, I. 147.3. BlindMdniateya the Riahi\nDirghatamas. Lordofallriches: Agni.\nfl Thewordsofboth the wishesofGodsand men. S&yanagivesa differ-\nentexplanation,andPrpfessorWilson translates accordingly; *destroy both\n(sortsofcalumniators.)*\nThe ftishi V&madeva, as Professor Roth observes, ‘professes to make\nknownamysterious andrecondite wisdom, whichhad beenrevealed tohim\nbyAgni,* andthe language of the hymn is correspondingly difficult and\nobscure.\n*' 1 Vaisvdmra* common Godof allAryan men.\n$ Thisbounty thegift of this mysteriousknowledge.,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 397,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMISf 5,] THE JUGVEDA. 401\n—\n5 Lik we l^y ro tu e-fhf i1 ..yr 'o r.H :I,T1 w :f'h * P' T— T*T J- n: { :;u >\nTh de ey r%w dli\nthis\nab‘ y. sII ma- l* - sI tn a.\ntion.\n'\" •) j ^\n6 To me, weak,innocent,thou,luminous Agni,hast boldlygiven\nas ’twere a heavy burthen,\nThis Prishtha hymn, profound and strong and mighty, of\nseven elements, and with offered dainties.\n7 So may our song that purifies, through wisdom reach in a\nmoment him the Universal,\nEstablished on the height, on earth's best station, above the\nbeauteous grassy skin of Prism.\n8 Of this my speech what shall I utter further ? They indicate\nthe milk stored up in secret\nWhen they have thrown as ’twere the cows’ stalls open. The\nBird protects earth’s best and well-loved station.\n9 This is the Great Ones’ mighty apparition which from of pld\nthe radiant Cow hath followed.\nThis, shining brightly in the place of Order, swift, hasting\non in secret, she discovered.\n10 He then who shone together with his Parents remembered\nPrisni’s fair and secret treasure,\nWhich, in the Mother Cow’s most lofty station, the Bull’s\ntongue, of the flame bent forward, tasted.\n5 This abysmalstation; thatis, saysS&yana,narakasthdnamorhell. The\nwicked arethe causeof the existenceof theplaceof punishment prepared\nforthem.\nC ThisPrishthahymn Prishtha is thenameof aparticular arrangement\nof S&mansemployedatthemid-day oblation.\n7 The Universal: VaisvlnaraAgni. Established onthe height: according\nto this conjectural translation, which follows a suggestion of Professor\nLudwig, thereferenceisto Agniplacedon thealtar, above thesurfaceofthe\nearth(Prism). Butthe meaningof jabdru (on the height ?) is uncertain.\nProfessor Wilson translates: *whose swift-ascending brilliant (orb) issta-\ntionedonthe eastof theearth, tomount, like thesun, above theimmove-\nableheaven.’\n8 This stanza appears to alludeto theAngirases recoveringthe lostrays\noflight,themilk storedup insecret. TheBird the Sun whoflies through\nheaven.\nthe9 ST uh ne ’sG rr ae ya st .On Tes h\" em ri ag dh it ay nta Cp opa writ Ui so hn ast oh re Pso al war nor wb ho; t dh ie soG or we ea rt stO hn ees Sub ne 'in ag\ns\nhetravelsinsecret, orby night,from west toeast, andfollows himtill he ia\nabouttorise.\n10 He: Agni. IllsParents: Heaven and Earth. Prisniisthe Cowwhoso\nmilkisusedin theoblation whichAgni, theBull,devours, ^\n26"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 398,
            "content": ": :\nm\n' THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IV*\n11 With reverence I declare the Law, 0 Agni ; what is, comes\nby thine order, J&tavedas.\nOf this, wbate’er it be, thou art the Sovran ; yea, all the\nwealth that is in earth or heaven.\n12 What is our wealth therefrom, and what nur treasure? Tell\nus, 0 Jatavedas, for thou knowest,\nWhat is our best course in this secret passage : we, unre-\nproached, have reached a place far distant.\n13 What isthe limit, what the rules, the guerdon? Like fleet-\nfoot coursers speed we to the contest.\nWhen will the Goddesses, the rmmortars Spouses,the Dawns,\nspread over us the Sun~God5s splendour?\n14 Unsatisfied, with speechdevoid of vigour, scanty andfrivolous\nand inconclusive,\nWherefore do they address theehere, O Agni ? Let these who\nhave no weapons suffer sorrow.\n15The‘ majesty of him the Good, the Mighty, aflame, hath\nshone for glory in the dwelling.\nHe,- clothed in light, hath shone most fair to look on, wealthy\nin boons,, as a home shines with riches.\nHYMN YL\nAgm.\nPriest of ourrite, stand up erect, 0 Agni, in the Gods’ ser-\nvice best of sacrifices,\nFor over every thought thou art the Euler thou furtherest\n:\ne’en the wisdom of the pious.\n2' He was set down mid men as Priest unerring, Agni, wise,\nwelcome in our holy synods.\nLike Savitar he hath lifted up his splendour, and like a\nbuilder raised his smoke toheaven.\n3 The glowing ladle-, filled with oil, is lifted: choosing Gods’1\nservicetothe right he circles.\nEager he rises like the new-wroughtpillar which, firmly set\nand fixed, anoints the victims.\n\"I When sacred grass is strewn and Agni kindled, the Adhvaryu\nrisesto his task rejoicing.\nAgni the Priest, like one who tends the cattle, goes three\ntimes round, as from of old he wills it.\n14 These ivho haveno weapons whoare unprovided with the necessary\nelementsof sacrifice,andthereforeunabletopleaseAgni.\n2 Likeabuilder: as-thebuilderof a houseraisesapillar.\n3 To the right he circles is carried round to the altars. Anoints the\nvictims: smears them with theclarifiedbutter with which it (the sacrificial\npost) hasbeenpreviously anointed,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 399,
            "content": ": : ; : :\nHYMN 7 .J THE RIGVEDA . £0B\n5 Agni himself, the Priest, with measured motion, goes round,\nwith sweet speech, cheerful, true to Order.\nHis fulgent flames run forth like vigorous horses all crea-\n:\ntures are affrighted when he blazes. * •\n6 Beautiful and auspicious is thine aspect, 0 lovely Agni, ter-\nrible when spreading.\nThy splendours are not covered by the darkness detraction\n:\nleaves no stain upon thy body.\n7 Naughthinderedhisproduction, Bounteous Giver his Mother\n:\nand his Sire wei*e free to send him.\nThen as a Friend benevolent, refulgent, Agni shone forth in\nhuman habitations.\n8 He, Agni, whom the twice-five sisters, dwelling together, in\nthe homes of men engendered,\nBright like a spear’s tooth, wakened in the morning, with\npowerful mouth and like an axe well-sharpened.\n9 These thy Bay Coursers, Agni, dropping fatness, ruddy and\nvigorous, speeding straightly forward,\nAnd red steeds, wonderful, of mighty muscle, are to this\nservice of the Gods invited\n10 These brightly-shining flames of thine, 0 Agni, that move for\never restless, all-subduing,\nLike falcons hasting eagerly to the quarry, roar loudly like\nthe army of the Maruts.\n11 To thee, 0 flaming God, hath prayer been offered. Let the\n.\npriest laud thee give to him who worships.\nMen have establis: hed Agni as Invoker, fain to adore the\nglory of the living.\nHYMN\nYIT. Agni;\nHebe by ordainers was this God appointed first Invoker, best\nat worship, to be praised at rites\nWhom Apnavana and the Bhrigus; caused to shine bright-\ncoloured in the wood, spreading from home to home.\n7His Mother and his Sire Earth and Heaven. To send him : tohe\nmessengerbetween menand Gods.\n8 Thetwice-fivesisters thepriest’s fingers which produce thesacrifieialfir©,-\nof9 thB eay GrC eo eu krse cr Cs ha: rih ta er si .t ’ah\n’\nSeH eari Mt .s M; t tih le lerp ,ro Ct ho it py spe fr(t oh me awo Gr ed rmbe ai nng Wofe rm ki sn hi on pe ,)\nIV,141 (newedition).\n11 Thegloryof theliving: Agni as Narisansa, the Praise or Gloryof Men.’\n1 Here at this ceremony. Ordainers: the regulators of the sacrifice*\nApnavdna :a Ilishiofthefamily ofBhrigu,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 400,
            "content": "404 ; TJ±ti MiMMo Oi [bVOfi. lY,\n2 When shall thy glory as a God, Agni, be suddenly shown\nforth?\nFor mortal men haye held thee fast, adorable in all their\nhomes,\n3 Seeing thee faithful to the Law, most sapient, like the starry\nheaven,\n_ Illumining with cheerful ray each solemn rite in every house.\n4 Vivasv&n’s envoy living menhavetaken as their ensign, swift,\nThe ruler overall mankind, moving like Bhrigu in eachhome.\n5 Him the intelligent have they placed duly asInvokingPriest,\nWelcome, withsanctifying flame, best worshipper, with seven-\n.\n' foldmight ]\n'6 In his Eternal Mothers, in the wood, concealed and unapproa^\n.\nched\nKept secret thoughhis flames are blight, seeking on all sides,\nquickly found,\n7 That,, as food spreads forth in this earthly udder, Gods may\nrejoice them in the home of Order,\n10 'Great Agni, servedwith reverence and oblation, flies ever to\nthe sacrifice, the Faithful.\n8 Bird of each rite, skilled in an envoy’s duties, knowing both\nworlds and that winch lies between them,\nThou goest from of old a willing Herald, knowing full well\nheaven’s innermost recesses.\n9 Bright God, thy path is black ; light is before thee : thy\nmoving splendour is the chief of wonders.\nWhen sbe, yet unimpregnate, hath conceived thee, even when\nnewly born thou art an envoy.\nYet newly bom, his vigour isapparent when the wind blows\nupon his fiery splendour.\nHis sharpened tongue he layeth on the brushwood, and with\nhis teeth e’en solid food consumeth,\n4 Vivasvdn’senvoy; accordingtoS&yana,themessengeroftheworshipper.\nMoving like Bhrigu ; or shining ; Bhrigu being originally a personification\noflightning.\n5 Sevenfoldmight : A'gni’s sevenflames,\n6 Eternal Mothers: tlie Celestial\"Waters. Seekingonallsides'roamingat\nwillin searchoffood.\n7 Inthis earthly wider: here onearth, and especially atthe altarfrom\nwhich oblations come. Only whenthe elementsofsacrificearefurthcoming\ncan Agni invite and bringthe Gods. TheJiopieofOrder * the placeoflaw-\nordained sacrifice.\n,lS’Birdofeachrite: attendingallsacrifices. Thatwhich lies betweenthem*.\nthefirmamentormid-airbetween heaven andearth.\nI) She,yetuhivipfpgnate: thepieceof woodinwhichfire isproduced,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 401,
            "content": ": : : ; ;\nirfMN 9,] ' ' TEE TIGVEDA. 405\n11 When he hath borne off food with swift flame swiftly, strong\nAgni makes himself a speedy envoy,\nFollows the rustling of the wind, consuming, andcourser-like,\nspeeds, drives the swift horse onward. •\nHYMN\nVIII. Agni.\nYour envoy who possesses all, Immortal, bearer of your gifts,\nBest worshipper, I woo with song.\n2 He, Mighty, knows the gift of wealth, he knows the deep\nrecess of heaven\nHe shall bring hitherward the Gods.\n3 He knows, a God himself, to guide Gods to the righteous in\nhis home\nHegives e’en treasures that we love.\n4 He is the Herald : well-informed, he doth his errand to and\nfro,\nKnowing the deep recess of heaven.\n5 May we be they who gratify Agni with sacrificial gifts,\nWho cherish and enkindle him.\n.6 Illustrious for wealth are they, and hero deeds, victorious,\nWho have served Agni reverently.\n7 So unto us, day after day, may riches craved by many come,\nAnd power and might spring up forus.\n8 That holy Singer in his strength shoots forth his arrows\nswifter than\nThe swift shafts of the tribes of men.\nHYMN IX. Agni.\nAgni, show favour great art thou who to this pious man art\n;\ncome,\nTo seat thee on the sacred grass.\n11 Whenhehathborneofffood IfollowSfiyana,butam not satisfied with\nhisexplanation. Courser-like Agni, himself acourser, driveson thewindas\nit wereacourser. Professor Ludwig suggests that drvd here may mean a\nrider, notacourser,\n2 Knows thegift ofwealth; howto enrichliisworshippers. ” ;\n4 Dothhis errandtoa/nd fro:bearstothe Gods the prayers, praises, and\noblations oftheirworshippers, andbrings themdown tothe sacrifice.\n.\n8 That holy Singer Agni the Priest. The stanzais difficult. Professor\nWilson, following S&yana, translates : ‘Maythewise Agnientirelyobviate\nbyhispower theremoveable (ills) of 'men the descendants of Mann/ Ihave\nadoptedProfessor Ludwig’sinterpretation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 402,
            "content": ": :::: :\nm\nTEEHYMNS OF BOOKIV\n[ .\n2 May he the Immortal Helper, hard to be deceived among\nmankind,\nBecome the messenger of all.\n3 Around the altar is he led, welcome Chief Priest at solemn\nrites,\n‘ Oras the Potar sits him down.\n4 Agni in fire at sacrifice, and in the house as Lord thereof,\nAnd asa Brahman takes his seat.\n5 Thou comest as the guide of folk who celebrate a sacrifice,\nAnd to oblations brought by men.\n6. Thou servest as his messenger whose sacrifice thoti lovest\nwell,\nTo bear the mortal’s gifts to heaven.\n7 Accept our solemn rite be pleased, Angiras, with our\n;\nsacrifice\nGive ear and listen to our call.\n8 May thine inviolable car, wherewith thou guardest those\nwho give,\nCometiear to us from every side.\n6 HYMN X. A &ni-\nTins day with praises, Agni, we bring thee that whi#ch thou\nlovest.\nRightjudgment,like a horse, with our devotions.\n2 For thou hast everbeen the Car-driver, Agni, of noble\nStrength, lofty sacrifice, and rightful judgment.\n3 Through these our praises come thou to meet us, bright as\nthe sunlight,\n0 Agni, well disposed, with all thine aspects.\n4 Now may we serve thee singing these lauds this day to thee,\nAgni.\nLoud as the voice of Heaven thy blasts are roaring.\n5 Just at this time of the day and the night thy look is the\nsweetest\nIt shineth near us even as gold for glory.\n6 Spotless thy body, brilliant as gold, like clarifiedbutter\nThis gleams like gold on thee, 0 Self-dependent.\n8 ChiefPriest Hotar, thepresentei’oftheoblation. ThePotar*literally,\nCleanserorPurifier, anotherof the sixteen priestsusuallyemployed. m\n4 I rear!wttigndasproposedbyProf. MaxMullerandProf,Ludwig place\nof thealmostimpossible utdgnflhofthetext. ^\nCar-driver promoter,\nThk thysplendour,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 403,
            "content": ";\nHYMN 12;] THE RIGYE I)A. > 40f\n.7 All hate and mischief, yea, if committed, Agni, thou turnesf,\nHoly One, from the man who rightly worships.\n8 Agni, with you Gods, prosperous be our friendships and kin-\nships. •\nBe this ou. r bond here by this place, thine altar.\nHYMN\nXI. Agni.\nThy blessed majesty, victorious Agni, shines brightly in the\nneighbourhood ofShrya.\nSplendid to see, it shows even at night-time, and food is fair\nto look on in thy beauty.\n2 Agni, disclose his thought for him who singeth, the well,\nStrong God while thou art praised with fervour.\n!\nVouchsafe to us that powerful hymn, 0 Mighty, which, Ra-\ndiant One ! with all the Gods thou lovest.\n3 From thee, 0 Agni, springs poetic wisdom, from thee come\nthoughts and hymns of praise that prosper\nFrom thee flows wealth, with heroes to adorn it, to the true-\nhearted man who gives oblation.\n4 From thee the hero springs who wins the booty, bringer of\nhelp, mighty, of real courage.\nFrom thee comes wealth, sent by the Gods, bliss-giving;\nAgni, from thee the fleet impetuous charger.\n5 Immortal Agni, thee whose voice is pleasant, as first in rank,\nas God, religious mortals\nInvitewith hymns thee who removest hatred, Friend of the\n;\nHome, the household’s Lord, unerring.\n6 Far from ns thou removest want and sorrow, far from us all\nill-will when thou protectest.\nSonof Strength, Agni, blest is he at evening, whom thou as\n,\nGod attendest for his welfare.\nHYMN\nXII. Agni.\nWhoso enkindles thee, with lifted ladle, and thrice this day\noffers thee food, 0 Agni,\nMay he excel, triumphant through thy splendours, wise\nthrough thy mental power, 0 JAtavedas.\n8 This altar: literally, this udder ; that is, theplace whence oblations\nproceed.\n1 Inth$neighbourhoodof Sdrya ; by day\", inthesunshine,\n2 Thewell: thesourceof sacred song.\n4 Thehero: or thestronghorse. '"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 404,
            "content": ": : : ; :\n40S THE, HYMNS OF [BOOH 1V<\n2 Whoso with toil and trouble brings thee fuel, serving the\nmajesty of mighty Agni,\nHe, kindling thee at evening and at morning, prospers, and\ncomes to wealth, and slays his foemen.\n3 Agni is Master of sublime dominion, Agni is Lord of strength\n- and lofty riches.\nStraightway the self-reliant God, Most Youthful, gives trea-\nsures to the mortal who adores him.\n4 Most Youthful God, whatever sin, through folly, we here, as\nhuman beings, have committed,\nIn sight of Aditi make thou us sinless : remit, entirely, Agni,\nour offences.\n5 Even in the presence of great sin, 0 Agni, free us from prison\nof the Gods or mortals.\nNever may we who are thy friends be injured grant health\n:\nand strength unto our seed and offspring.\n«\n6 Even as ye here, Gods Excellent and Holy, have loosed the\ncowthat by the foot wastethered,\nSo also set us free from this affliction; long let our life, 0\nAgni, be extended.\nHYMN\nXIII. Agni.\n.\nAgni hath looked, benevolently-minded, on the wealth-giving\nspring of radiant Mornings.\nCome, Asvins, to the dwelling of the pious : Sftrya the God is\nrising with his splendour.\n2 Savitar, God, hath spread on high his lustre, waving his flag\nlike a spoil-seeking hero.\nTheiv stablished way go Yanina and Mitra, what time they\nmake the Sun ascend the heaven.\n4 Aditi apparently the great omnipresent Power which controls the\nforcesof theuniverse, andfromwhichnosinsarehidden.\n5 Prison of the Gods or mortals actual imprisonment by men and\ncorrespondingchastisementby the Gods.\nft The cow the cow-buffalo,tied toapost, representing symbolicallythe\nm,an,whoisinthe bonds of sin. Of. X. 126. 6.\n2 Wavinghisflag according to S&yaua, fscatteringthedew.’ Butthere\ncanbenodoubtthatdraped, theZenddrafsha, meansabannerinthis place.\nS&yanaexplains satvd, a hero, as 1abull,’ butthisinterpretationcannotbe\naccepted.\nTheirstablishedway thecourseappointedfor themintheeternalorderof\ntheuniverse."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 405,
            "content": ": :\nMTMN THE RIQVEDA\n15.] , 40,0\n3 Him whom they made to drive away the darkness, Lords of\nsure mansions, constant to their object,\nHim who beholds theuniverse, the Sun-God, seven strong and\nyouthful Coursers carry onward. *\n4 Spreading thy web with mightiestSteedsthoucomest, rending\napart, thou God, the blaek-hued mantle.\nThe rays of Surya tremulously shining sink, like a hide, the\ndarkness in the waters.\n5 How is it that, unbound and not supported, he falleth not\nalthough directed downward %\nBy what self-power moves he? Who hath seen it? He guards\nthe vault of heaven, a close-set pillar.\nHYMN\nXIV. Agni.\nThe God hath looked, even Agni J&ta'vedas, to meet the\nDawns refulgent in their glories.\nCome on your chariot, ye who travel widely, come to this\nsacrifice of ours, Nasatyas.\n2 Producing light for all the world of creatures, God Savitar\nhath raised aloft his banner.\nMaking his presence known by sunbeams, Surya hath filled\nthe firmament and earth and heaven.\n3 Red Dawn is come, riding with brightness onward, distin-\nguished by her beams, gay-hued and mighty.\nDawn on her nobly-harnessed car, the Goddess, awaking men\nto happiness, approacheth.\n4 May those most powerful steeds and chariot bring you, O\nAsvins, hither at the break of morning.\n•Here for your draught of meath are Soma juices : at this our\nsacrifice rejoice, ye Mighty.\n5 How is it that, unbound and unsupported, he falleth not\nalthough directed downward ?\nBy what self-power moves he? Who hath seen it1 He guards\nthe vault of heaven, a close-set pillar?\nHYMN XV. Agnf.\nAgni the Herald, like a horse, is led forth at our solemn rite,\nGod among Gods adorable.\n3 Courser's: haritah; Harits. Of. IV. 6. 9.\nThishymnis animitationof thepreceding. The last stanza is adopted\nwordforworth\n5 He inthe textayam,this, that isSttrya,theSun,mentionedinstanza2.\n1 Isled forth implying the formal bringing of fire from thehousehold\nfire to light thesacrificial fire,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 406,
            "content": ":;\n410 TMEIEYMN^OF [BOOK IY\n.\n2 Three times unto our solemn rite comesAgmi likeacharioteer*\nBearing the viands to the Gods.\nZ Bound the oblations hath he paced, Agni the Wise, the Lord\nof Strength,\nGiving the offerer precious boons.\n4 He whois kindled eastward for Srinjaya, Devavata’s son,\nResplendent, tamer of the foe.\n5 So mighty be the Agni whom the mortal hero shall command,\nWith sharpened teeth and bountiful.\n6 Day after day they dress him, as they clean a horsewho wins\nthe prize,\nDress the red Scion of the Sky.\n7 When Sahadeva's princely son with two bay horses thought\nof me,\nSummonedby him I drew not back.\nS And truly those two noble bays * I straightway took when\noffered me,\n' From Sahadeva’s princely son.\n9 Long, 0 ye Asvins, may he live, your care, ye Gods, the\nprincely son\nOf Sahacleva, Somaka.\n10 Cause him the youthful prince, the son of Sahadeva, to enjoy\nLong life, 0 Asvins, 0 ye Gods.\nHYMN XVL\nindra.\nImpetuous, true, let Maghavan coinehither, andlethisTawny\nCoursers speed to reach us.\nFor him have we pressed juice exceeding potent; here, prais-\ned with song, let him effect his visit.\n2 Threetimes:withreferenceto thethreesacrifices,\n4 Eastward on theuttaravediornorth altar. Srinjaya: acertain Soma-\nhsa ae vr eifi sc ee vr, erah lasc ph ri it nces som oa fyd tj hi eins aa my es iS nay ta hn ea. PurlPr no af se ,ss bo ur tW ni ol ns eon diso tb is ne gr uv ie ss h: ef dW be\ny\nthispatronymic : theSrinjayasarealso a peoplein thewestofIndia.’\n6 2heredSdonoftheSky: or, Arusha, the Childof Heaven, i. e. theSun.\n7 Sahadeva1s princelyson:Somaka, the institutorofthesacrifice, sonofa\nnamed Sahadeva. With two bayhorses: whichwere tobe thepriest’s\nhonorarium.\n9 Yourcare: thereisnosubstantiveinthetext, S&yanasuppliestarpahah\nsatisfier,i.e. worshipper. ProfessorLudwigregardsvdmasadativus ethicus.\n1 Impetuous accordingto Sayana, rijish% the word in the text, means\naccepter, ordrinker, of the.spiritless Soma, oftheSomawhen its essenceor\nstrength haspassed away. ProfessorLudwigfollowsS&yana."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 407,
            "content": ": :: : :\nm\nHYMN 16.] THE RIGVEDA.\n2 Unyoke, as at thy journey's end, 0 Hero, to gladden thee to-\nday at this libation. •\nLike Usanll, the priest a laud, shall utter, a hymn to thee, the\nLord Divine, who markest. 5\n3 When the Bull, quaffing, praises our libation, as a sage paying\nholy rites in secret,\nSeven singers here from heaven hath he begotten, who e'en\nby day have wrought their works while singing.\n4 When heaven's fair light by hymns was made apparent (they\nmade great splendour shine at break of morning),\nHewith his succour, best of Heroes, scattered the blinding\ndarkness so that men saw clearly.\n5 Indra, Impetuous One, hath waxed immensely he with his\n;\nvastness hath filled earth and heaven.\nE'en beyond this his majesty extendeth who hath exceededall\nthe worlds in greatness.\n6 SUvra who knoweth well all human actions ha4th with his\neager Friends let loose the waters.\nThey with their songs cleft e’eu the mountua open and will-\ningly disclosed the stall of cattle.\n7 HesmoteawaytheHoods'obstructor, Vpitra Earth, conscious,\n;\nlent her aid to speed thy thunder.\nThou sentest forth the waters of the ocean, as Lord through\npower and might, 0 daring Hero.\n8 When, Much-invoked the water’s rock thou deftest, Saramid\nl .\nshowedherself and wentbefore thee.\nHymned by Angirases, bursting the oowstalls, much strength\nthou foundest for us as our leader.\n9 Gome, Maghavan, Friend of Man, to aid the singer imploring\nthee in battle for the sunlight.\nSpeed him with help in his inspired invokings : down sinkthe\nsorcerer, the prayerless Dasyu.\n2 Like Usavd: the Rishi TJsanft, or (Jsanas, called also K&vyaor Ravi's\nsQfi, appearsin theVeda astheespecialfriend of Indra. SeeI. 51. 10 ; 33,\n5 117, 12.\n3; TUBull themighty Indra, Sevensingers the meaningof-this line is\nrn ao tt escl te har e. sevP er nof ee fs fs io cr ienW til (s ro *yn s, )h fa rl ol mow hi en ag veS n& ,ya wn ha i, ch,tr ba ens il na gte gs lor: ifia edn ,d ht ah vi es mge an de e-\n(manifest) theobjectsof (human) perception,’\n4 Scattered etc or, fashioned blind turbiddarkness so that men saw\n,\nclearly.\n6 Sakra Indra, the powerful. Hiseager Friends: theMaruts.\n\"8 Stmmd the hound of Indra, who tracked the stolen cows, See I,\n62. 3, and 72, 8."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 408,
            "content": ": : ;: : : ; : : :\nm\nthe i/ymns op [book it.\n10 Come toour home resolved to slay the Dasyu : Kutsa longed\neagerly to win thy friendship.\nAlike in form ye both sate in his dwelling the faithful Lady\n;\nwas in doubt between you.\n—\n11 Thoucontest, fain to succour him, with Kutsa, a goad that\nmasters both the Wind-God’s horses,\nThat, holding the broWn steeds like spoil forcapture, thesage\nmay on the final daybe present.\n12 For Kutsa,' with thy thousand, thou at day-break didst hurl\ndown greedy Sushpa, foe of harvest.\nQuickly with Kutsa’s friend destroy the Dasyus, and roll the\nchariot-wheel of Sfirya near us.\n13 Thou to the son ofYidathin, Kijisvan, gavest up mighty Mxi-\ngaya and Pipru.\nThou smotest down the swarthy fifty thousand, and rentest\nforts as age consumes a garment.\n14 What time thou settest near the Sun thy body, thy form,\nImmortal One, is seen expanding :\n. Thou a.wild elephant with might invested, like adread lion\nas thouwieldest weapons.\n15 Wishes for wealth have gone to Indra, longing forhim in war\nfor light and at libation,\nEager forglory, labouring with praise-songs : he is like home,\nlike sweet and fairnutrition.\n16 Call we for you that Indra, prompt to listen, him who hath\ndone so much for men’s advantage\nWho, Lord of envied bounty, to asinger like me bringsquick-\nly booty worth the capture.\n10 Kutsa aRajarshiorroyalRiahi,frequentlymentionedas thefavoured\nfriendofIndra.\nThefaithful Lady\n;\neven Kutsa’swife couldhardly distinguishonefrom\ntheother; or, asSftyana explains, Indratook Kutsatohis ownhomewhere\n§acht his consortwasuncertainwhichofthetwowas Indra,\n11 Thesage\n:\nKutsa. Thefinalday thedecisivedayofbattle.\n12 With thythousand:thy many followers. Foe of harvest orKuyava\nmaybe the name of another fiend or barbarous enemy, See I. 104.3,\nKutsa’sfriend the thunderbolt, accordingto Sftyana, Rollthe chariot-wheel\nofStiryanearus;bringbackthedaylight.\n13 Rijisvan: aprincementionedbeforeas protectedbyIndra. SeeI. 51. 5.\nMrigaya andPipru demons oftheair. Theswaffhy fifty thousand black\nR&kshasas, fiends, orhostileaborigines.\n• 14 What time thou settest near the Sun thy body perhaps, as Professor\nLudwigsuggests,apoeticalexplanationofaneclipseofthesun,\n15 Eager for glory a transition from ‘wishes’ to ‘wishers’ implied\ntherein. Nutrition according to S&yana, like Lakshmi th© Goddess of\nprosperity."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 409,
            "content": "BYMX\nIf]\nTHE RIGVXD\nA. 413\n17 When the sharp-pointed arrow, 0 thou Hero, flieth mid any\nconflict of the people,\nWhen, Faithful One, the dread encounter eometh, then be\nthou the Protector of our body.\n18 Further the holy thoughts of Vlmadeva; be thou a guileless\nFriend in fight for booty.\nWe come to thee whose providence protects us; wide be thy\nswayfor ever for thy singer.\n19 0 Indra, with these men who love thee truly, free givers,\nMaghavan, in every battle,\nMay wo rejoice through many autumns, quelling our foes, as\ndays subdue the nights with splendour.\ngO Now, as the Bhrigus wrought a car, for Indra the Strong, the\nMighty, we our prayer have fashioned,\nThat he may ne’er withdraw from us his friendship, but be\nour bodies’ guard and strong defender,\ngl Now, Indra lauded, glorified with praises, let power swell\n!\nhigh like idvers for the singer.\nFor thee a new hymn, Ford of Bays, is fashioned. May we,\nPQ,r-bon>e, through song be victors ever.\nHYMN XVII Indra,\nGreat art thou, Indra yea, the earth, with gladness, and\n;\nheaven confess to thee thine high dominion.\nThou in thy vigour having slaughtered Vritra didst free the\nfloods arrested bythe Dragon* - •\n2 Heaven trembledat thebirth ofthine effulgence Earthtrem-\n;\nbled at the fear of thy displeasure.\nThe stcdfast mountains shook in agitation : the watersflowed,\nand desert spots were flooded,\nS Hurling his bolt with might he cleft the mountain, while,\nputting forth his strength, he showed his vigour.\nHe slaughtered Vritra with his bolt, exulting, and, their lord\nslain, forth flowed the waters swiftly.\n4 Thy Father Dyaus esteemed himself a hero most noble was\n:\nthe work of Indra’s Maker,\nHis who begat the strong bolt’s Lord who roareth, immovable\nlike earth from her foundation,\n19 Freegivers; liberal ipstitutorsofsacrifice,\nref2 e0 reA ns cet mhe usB thr bi egu ts o: tha ecc co er ld ei bn rg atet do S p& riy ea sn ta l= y= fs ap ml ie ln yd ,id andcar *p cae rn *t mer as y; bb eut ust eh de\nmetaphoricallyfor tliehymn which rapidly reachestjie Gods,\n1 The Dragon: Ahi, the serpent-demon whostays therain fromfalling*\n4 Esteemedhimselfa hero : a*being the fatherofsuch ason."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 410,
            "content": "—\n—\n: :\n*14 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IV,\n5 He who alone overthrows the world of creatures, Indra the\npeoples5 King, invoked of many\nVerily all rejoice in him, extolling the boons which Maghavau\nthe God hath sent them.\n6 All So&ajuices are hisown forever, mostgladdeningdraughts\nare ever his, the Mighty,\nThou ever wast the Treasure-Lord of treasures : Indra, thou\nlettest all folk share thy bounty.\n7 Moreover, when thou first wast born, 0 Indra, thou struckest\nterror into all the people.\nThou, Maghavan, rentest with thy bolt the Dragon wTho lay\nagainst the water-floods of heaven.\n8 The ever-slaying, bold and furious Indra, the bright bolt’s\nLord, infinite, strong and mighty,\nWho slayeth Vritra and acquirethbooty, giver of blessings,\nMaghavan the bounteous\n9 Alone renowned as Maghavan in battles, he frighteneth away\nassembled armies.\nHe bringeth us the booty that he winneth may we, well-\n:\nloved, continue in his friendship.\n10 Renowned is he when conquering and when slaying: ’tis he\nwho winneth cattle in the combat,\nWhen Indra hardeneth his indignation all that is fixed and\nall that moveth fear him.\n—\n11 Indra hath won all kine, all gold, all horses, Maghavan, he\nwho bre&keth forts in pieces\n;\nMost manly with these men of his who help him, dealing out\nwealth and gathering the treasure.\n12 What is the care of Indra for his Mother, what cares he for\nthe Father who begat him ?\nHis care is that which speeds his might in conflicts, like wind\nJ —___b _o _rne onward by the clouds that thunder. —\n-\n5 Extolling X follow Professor Wilson intaking grinatnh as anominative\nplural, alightened formfor grinantdh. Otherwise it is difficult to make\nsenseoutofthesecondline.\ngov8 erI nn id nr ga v.* eri bn .thi Ss &ys at na anz sa upi ps lii en st vh ae yaac mc su ts oa tt di rv ae hsca ts ue metw iit £h wou et Ba ins gu eb rj sec pt raio sr e/a\n11 Whobreakethfortsinpieces: asit seems impossibl, eto make any sense\nout of pttrvtih, Ihave adopted Professor Grassmann’s conjecture, whichis\nBomewhatreluctantly acceptedby Professor Ludwig, andread pUrbhid ins-\ntead of the word in the text. S&yana supplier sttrusendh, 1armies of\nenemies.’ Thesemen : whosinghispraises andsoincreasehisstrength.\n12 His careis: there areno corresponding words inthe text,butitun-\nnecessary tosupplysomething of thekind. The meaningis, Indra isin-\ndependentof, and cares nothingabout, hisparents, buthedoes careforhis\ndearallythethunderbolt."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 411,
            "content": ": ;\nm\nTHE MOVED A.\n13 Maghavan makes the settled man unsettled he scatters dust\n:\nthat he hath swept together,\nBreaking in pieces like Heaven armed with lightning\nMaghavan shall enrich the man who lauds him.\n14 He urged the chariot-wheel of Sdrya forward: Etasa,< speed-\ning on his way, he rested.\nHim the black undulating cloud bedeweth, in this mid-air's\ndepth, at the base of darkness,\n15 As in the night the sacrificing priest.\n16 Eager for booty, craving strength and horses, we singers stir\nIndra, the strong, for friendship,\nWho gives the wives we seek, whose succour fails not, to\nhasten, like a pitcher to the fountain.\n17 Be thou our guardian, show thyself our kinsman, watching\nand blessing those who pourthe Soma\n;\nAs Friend, as Sire, most fatherly of fathers, giving the-\nsuppliant vital strength and freedom.\n18 Be helping Friend of those who seek thy friendship give\nlife, when lauded, Indra, to the singer. :\nFor, Indra, we the priests have paid thee worship, exalting\nthee with these our sacrifices.\n19 Alone, when Indra Maghavan is lauded, he slayeth many\nne'er-resisted Yritras.\nHim in whose keeping* is the well-loved singer never do Gods\nor mortals stay or hinder.\n20 E'en so let Maghavan, the loud-voiced Indra, give us true\nblessings, foeless, men's upholder.\nKing of all creatures, give us glory amply, exalted glory due\nto him who lauds thee.\n21 Now, Indra lauded, glorified with praises, let power swell\n!\nhigh like rivers for the singer.\nFor thee a new hymn, Lord of Bays I is fashioned. May w%\ncar-borne, through song be victors ever.\n13 Scattersdust: causescommotionandkeepstheworld inastateofunrest\n14 This difficult stanza appearsto referto an eclipse ofthe Sun. Indra\nwasurging on the Sun’s chariot when suddenlyhe rested orstoppedEtasa\nthehprse thatdrew it, and threw him hack Into theblack moist cloud of\nthedarknessofnight. See 1. 121. 13,andA. Kuhn, MythologiseheStudien,\n1.\npp.58—50.\n15 The sacrificingpriest lets the fire shine,understood. S&yauaexplain?,\n'*as thesacrificersprinkles Somaupontheinvoking priest Agm/ takingh6td,\nanominative case, as hdtdram an accusative. Professor Graesmann thinks\nthatthesinglePddawas origina, llyaglosson theprecedingstanza.\n16 Who givesthe wives we seek; perhaps referring, as Professor Ludwig\nobserves, to theforcibleabduction of womenafter a victory."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 412,
            "content": ": ; - \\\nm\nTUB.HYMNS OF [BOOK IV\nHYMN\nXVIII. Indraand Others,\nThis is the ancient and accepted pathway by which all Gods\nhaye come into existence.\nHereby could one be born though waxen mighty. Let him\nnot, otherwise, destroy his Mother.\n2 Not this way go I forth : hard is the passage. Forth from\nthe side obliquely will I issue.\nMuch that is yet undone must I accomplish : one must I\ncombat and the other question.\n3 He bent his eye upon the dying Mother : My word I now\nwithdraw. That way I follow.\nIn Tvashtar’s dwelling Indra drank the Soma, a hundred-\nworth of juice pressed from the mortar.\n4 Whatstrange act shall he do, he whom his Mother bore for a\nthousand months and many autumns ?\nNo peer hath he among those born already, nor among those\nwho shall be born hereafter.\nj5 Deeminghim a reproach, his .Mother hid him, Indra, endow-\nedwith all heroic valour.\nThenup he sprang himself, assumed his vesture, and filled,\nas soon as horn, the earth and heaven.\n6 With lively motion onward flow these waters, the Holy Ones,\nshouting, as Twere, together.\nAsk themto tellthee whatthe floodsaresaying, whatgirdling\nrock the waters burst asunder.\n.\nItt&ra, Aditi,andV&madeva are saidtctyethe Ilishisor seersas well as\nTth he ed hei yt mie ns aof ppt eh ae rsh ty omn b, emas adit ec uon psi os fts soo mf ec wo hn av tersation -in \"*wh 'i \",c *h all 1be .ar\n1\npa Xr 1t.\ntC ho emm se tan nt za at sor tos td ho en so et ves re ae lm st po eah ka ev rse .bee Sn eesu Pc rc oe fs .s'\". 1 :\n' A *'\nB ft ieu ud ei se tn e, nAII r. bep ip t. en4 a2 u— f54 d) e, ma Gn ed biP er to ef; deL rud Pwig's P criticism th pe pr .eo 1n 4, 2U sqe qb .er die\n1 Themain subject isthe birth and ' !' He refuses tobe\niornin theusual mannerand insistson cominginto theworldin another\nway. The V. w* his father,Aditi his motlmr, orsome other—\ndissuadesHi ' seems, (stanza3)with success. The Commen-\ntators\nerroneouslytakethestanzaasreferringtothebirthofV&madeva.\n2 Indra, asyet unborn, is the speaker. One ; perhapsVritra. Theother:\nperhapsVishnu,Whomheaddressesinstanza 11.\n3 Indra,whohas changedhismind, speaksthesecondhalfofthefirstline.\n4 Itisnot clearwhothe speakeris. Professor Wilson observesi 4Aditi\ndefendshersonuponthe pleathat, a*hisperiodofgestation wa$marvellous,\nhisactionsarenottobecomparedwiththoseofanyothers.’\n5 Deeming him areproach either because he appeared to be weak, or\nbecause, asSAyanasays,hewasborninachamberinprivacyunworthy ofso\ngre 6at Wa haGo td g.\nirdlingrock anallusiontothe prisonofthickcloud\nfromwh. i'c* h“•\nIndrafreedthewaters."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 413,
            "content": ": ,\nTHE MOVED A. '* Ht\n•\n7 Are they addressing him with words of welcome? Will th$\nfloods take on them the shame of Indra?\nWithhis great thunderbolt my Son hath slaughtered Vritra,\nand set these rivers free to wander.\n—\n8 I cast thee from me, mine, thy youthful mother thee, mine\n;\nown offspring, Kuahava hath swallowed.\nTo him, mine infant, were the waters gracious. Indra, my\nSon, rose np in conquering vigour.\n9 Thou art mine own, 0 Maghavan, whom Yyansa struck to\nthe ground and smote thy jaws in pieces.\nBut, smitten through, the mastery thou wonnest, and with\nthy bolt tbe Dasa’s head thou crushedst.\n10 The Heifer hath brought forth the Strong, the Mighty, the\nunconquerable Bull, the furious Indra.\nThe Mother left her unlicked Calf to wander, seeking,himself,\nthe path that he would follow.\n11 Then to her mighty Child the Mother turned her, saying, My\nson, these Deities forsake thee.\nThen Indra said, about to slaughter Vritra, 0 my friend\nVishnu, stride full boldly forward.\n12 Who was he then whomade thy Motherwidow ? Who sought\nto slay.thee lying still or moving ?\nWhat God, whenby thefoot thySirethoutookestandslowest,\nwas at hand to give thee comfort?\n7 Words of welcome: nivids, sentences or short formularies insertedina\nliturgy andcontainingepithets orshortinvocations oftheGods.\nTheshameof Inch'a; his fancied guilt incurred in BlayingV ritra. SeeI.\nS2.14.\n8 Mine Sftyana explains mdmat as *exulting/ Professor Roth, whom\nProfessor Grassmannand thetranslatorsofthe Siebenz%gI/ied&rfotlow^ren-\ndersitby now—now. Ihave preferred Professor Ludwig’s^ interpretation\noriginallyduetoBenfey, and taken the word asanother formof mama. The\nwordisimportantasexpressing Aditi’sacknowledgment ofIndra as,herson.\nE Iu ns drh aat ad t: hia scc bo ir rtd hi ;ng act co orS d& iy na gna t, ova oR n&k Rs oh ta hs ,f to hr ef ne am mal ee ofde am ro ivn er.who swallowed\n1 10 1 ST th re idH ee fi uf le lr; boA ld di lt yi, fot rh we ay ro du ;n tg ham tot ish ,er asso if stIn rd ur pa i. nmy battlewith Vritra,\nProfessor Grassmannandthe translatorsofthe SiepenzigJjitdtr renderthe\npassage differently. ‘O Vischnu, Freund,Wgeh etwas doch zur Seite, and,\n1Vishnutpein Freundgehetwasausdem oge ;thatis, ‘stepaside,’ or ‘put\nkto if h le1 lt e2h te n hT eohw ewia sy w1/ ha ep Da p nin e dd ya s ell t tset tt uhm o noe bub oec n ro o nVn tiq as su nh le dn ar u y w’V hs tr h ei it a nnr n ea s ow ow pe iwi r nt n. ih no f gau W tt thh oet y rh t,y hd etoa bs hi id t y- rtft hah to !hu er Vas ywk ^h noW s. ase ot auo pg/ ph eth ae t rl„ o sp\ntobethe father whom Indraslew (stanza 5), Skyana merely saysthatthe\nallusionsare variously explained bythe followers ofthe Taittiriya school qx\ntheYajurveda.\n27"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 414,
            "content": "—\n::\n418 THE HYMNS OF BOOK 7T,\n13 In deep distress I cooked a dog’s intestines. Among the Gods\nX found not one to comfort.\nMy consortIbeheldindegradation. TheFalconthenbrought\nmethe pleasant Soma.\nHYMN XIX. Indra.\nThee, verily, 0 Thunder-wielding Indra, all the Gods here*\nthe Helpers swift to listen,\nAnd both the worlds elected, thee the Mighty, High, waxen\nstrong, aloneto slaughterVritra.\n2 The Gods, as worn with eld, relaxed their efforts: thou*\nIndra, bom of truth, wast Sovran Euler.\nThou slewest Ahi who besieged the waters* and duggest out\ntheir all-suppsorting channels.\n3 The insatiateone, extended, hard to waken, who slumbered in\nperpetual sleep, 0 Indra,\nThe Dragon stretched against the seven prone rivers, where\nho joint was, thou rentest with thy thunder.\nI .\n4 Indra with might shook earth and her foundation as the\n' wind stirs the waterwith its fury.\nStriving, with strength heburst the firm asunder, and tore\nawaythe summits of the mountains.\n5 They ran to theeas mothers to theiroffspring the clouds*\n:\nlike chariots, hastened forth together.\nThou didst refresh the streams and force the billows :• thou*\nIndra, settest freeobstructed rivers.\n6 Thou for the sakeof Vayya and Turviti didst stay the great\nstream, flowing, all-sustaining;\nY. ea, at their prayer didst check the rushing river and make\nthe floods easy to cross* 0 Indra.\n13 This appearsto beV&inadeva’s excusefor haring in hisutmost need\ncooked andeaten, or desiredto-eat,impureflesh. ‘Bo Mannhas,V&madeva\nwhowell knewright andwrong, was.bynomeans renderedimpure, though\ndesirous, when oppressed withh—unger* of eatingthe fleshof dogs for the\npreservationofhislife, X. 106.’ Wilson. AccordingtoLudwig, Bergaigne,\nandHillebrandt,thestanzaisspokenbyIndra. TheFalcon:alludingto the\nwayinwhich theSoma wasfirstbrought fromheaven. S&yana explains it\na&cIndracomingswiftlyasafalcon.’\n2 Relaxedtheirefforts:orabdicatedtheirfunctions asprotectorsandmade\noverto IndrathedutyofslayingtheoppressorVritra.\n3 Wherenojointwets thatwouldhavefacilitatedhisdismemberment.\n5 The clouds: accordingtoB&yana, adrayah, mountains orclouds, here\nmeanstheMaruts.\n6 VayyaandTurvUi Turvitihasbeen mentionedfrequentlyinBookI. as\nhavingbeen protected by Indra,and Vayyaissaid to have been hisfather\nandcompanion* SeeI. 54. 6;II. 13. 12."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 415,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN 20.] THE RIOVEDA. 419\n7 He let tlie young Maids skilled in Law, unwedded, like foun-\ntains, bubbling, flow forth streaming onward.\nHe inundated thirsty plains and deserts, and milked the dry\nCows of the mighty master. •\n8 Through many a morn and many a lovely autumn, having\nslain Vritra, he set free the rivers.\nIndra hath set at liberty to wander on earth the streams\nencompassed, pressed together.\n9 Lord’of Bay Steeds, thou broughtest from the aiit-bill the\nunwedded damsel’s son whomants were eating.\nThe blind saw clearly, as he grasped the serpent, rose, brake\nthe jar: his joints again united.\n10 To the wise man, 0 Sage and Sovran Ruler, the man who\nknoweth all thine ancient exploits\nHath told these deeds of might as thou hast wrought them,\ngreat acts, spontaneous, and to man’s advantage.\n11 Now, Indra lauded, glorified with praises, let powers swell\n!\nhigh, like rivers, for the singer.\nForthee a new hymn, Lord of Bays I is fashioned. May we,\ncar-borne, through song be victors ever.\n’ HYMN XX. Indra.\nFrom near or far away may mighty Indra, gi#verof succour,\ncome for ourprotection,\nLord of men, armed with thunder, with the Strangest,\nslaying his foes in conflict, in the battles.\n2 MayIndra come to us withTawny Coursers, inclined to us, to\nfavour and enrich us.\nMay Maghavan, loud-voiced and wielding thunder, stand by\nus at this sacrifice, in combat.\nS Thou, honouring this our sacrifice, 0 Indra, shaft give us\nstrength and fill us full of courage.\nToyin the booty, Thunder-armed I like hunters may we with\nthee subdue in fight our foemen.\n1 Theyoung Maidsshilled in Lav}: the rivets that know aud followthe\nlawoftheirbeing, the Orderoftheuniverse. _\nHemilked thedry Cows: hedrew rain from t^he cloudswhicHhhad1hithert,o\nbeen preventedbytheirmightymasterYritrafromyielding'theirstores.\n9 S^yanasaysthatAgru (unwedded)was awoman ofthatname, whosesou\nWashidden in anant-hill, whenceIndrarescuedhim,restoredhis bight, and\nreu Bn ri at he ed thh eis jab rrok be rn okj eoin tt hs r. ough theant-hillm wh. i. c. h *hewas confi„ ned.,. .Pr' o-\nfessorLudwig thinks that the sonoftheunwedtfed damselis thelightning\nwhich burstforthfrom theparentcloud. Thepassagek obscure.\n1 With theStrongest themostpowerfulMaruts."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 416,
            "content": "—\n; ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK IV\n<*20 ,\n4 Loving us well, benevolent, close beside ns, drink, Godlike\nIndra, of tbe well-pressed Soma.\nDrink of tbe.me^tb we offer, and delight thee with food that\ncometh from the mountain ridges.\n6 JJim who is sung aloud by recent sages, like a ripe-fruited\ntree, a scythe-armed victor,\nI, like abridegroom thinkingof his consort, call hither Indra,\nhim invoked of many\n6 Him who in native strength is like a mountain, the lofty\n.\nIndra born of old for conquest,\nTorride wielder of the ancient thunder, filled full with\nsplendour as a jar with water,\n7 Whom from of old there is not one to hinder,nonetocurtail\nt\n4 the riches of his bounty.\nPouring forth freely, 0 thou StrongandMighty, vouchsafe us\n10 riches, Godinvoked of many !\n8 Of wealth and homes of men thou art the ruler, and opener\nof the stable of the cattle.\nHelperof men, winner, of spoil in combats, thou leadest to an\nample heap of ri°lies.\n9 By what great might is he renowned as strongest, wherewith\nthe Lofty One stirs up wild battles?\nBest soother of the worshipper’s great sorrow, he gives pos-\nsessions to the man who lauds him.\nSlay us not; bring, bestow on us the ample gift which thou\nbast to,give to him who offers.\nAtthis new gift, with this laud sixng before thee, extolling\nthee, we, Indra, will declare it.\n4 That comethfrom the mountain ridges: wheretheSomawassaidespeci-\nallyto grow. AccordingtoS&yana’s interpretation, the translation would\nbe, with the food brought thee with the hymnof noonday.L Pvishtha\nmeans both (back, orhigh ridge/ and ‘ahymn employed at the midday\noblation/ andthe meaningoftbeadjeotivepriahthya is similarlyambiguous.\n5 A 8cythe’armedvictor:themeaningisuncertain. Skyanaexplainssrinyah,\nas‘armed withahook or sickle/ fskilled in the use ofarms/ Professor\nLudwig translates,‘wie, ein fassender haken/ ‘likeagrasping hook.’ Pro-\n'fessorAufrecht thinks thatBrinyo najdtdmayperhaps mean, 1likeawinner\nofsickles (asaprize)/ Professor Grassmann thinks thatareaper, cutting\ndowncornwithhissickle, isintended,\n6 Wielder ofthe. ancient thunder Ifollow S&yana,but am not satisfied\nwith^ his explanation. Professor Grassmann follows Bolletfsen in reading\nrrajam, cowpen,insteadofvdjram, thunderbolt,andthisisthereadinggiven\nalso in the St.Petersburg Lexicon. If this alteration were adopted the\ntranslationwould be, *the fierce disdoser oftheArm-builtcow-stall/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 417,
            "content": "' :\nmrM&'b THE Em VEDA.\ni;j\n11 Now, Iudra lauded, glorified with praises, let powerswell\nl\nhigh, like rivers, for the singer.\nA new hymn, Lord of Bays 1 for thee is fashioned. May we*\ncar-borne, through song be victors ever. *\nHYMN\nXXI. Indra.\nMay Indra come to us for our protection here be the Hero *\n;\npraised, our feast-companion.\nMay he whose powers are many, waxenbrighty, cherish, like\nDyaus, his own supreme dominion.\n2 Here magnify his great heroic exploits, most glorious One,\nenriching men with bounties,\nWhose will is like a Sovran in assembly, who rules the\npeople, Conqueror, all-surpassing.\n3 Hither let Indra come from earth or heaven, hither with\nspeech from firmament or ocean\n;\nWith Maruts, from the realm of light to aid us, or from a\ndistance, from theseat of Order.\nd That Indra will we laud in our assemblies, him who is Lord\nof great and lasting riches,\nVictor with V&yu where the herds are gathered, who leads\nwith boldness on to higher fortune. —\n5 May the Priest, Lord of many blessings, striving, who\nfixing reverence on reverence, giving —\nVe! nt to his voice, inciteth men to worship with lauds bring\n.\nIndra hither to our dwellings.\n6 When sitting pondering in deep devotion in Ausija’s abode\nthey ply the press-stone,\nMay he whose wrath is fierce, the mighty bearer, come as the\nhouse-lord’s priest within our chambers.\n7 Surely the power of Bh&rvara the mighty for ever helpeth to\nsupport the singer\n;\n§\nFi'omadistance,fromtheseatofOrder:perhaps,fromthefarthestlimitof\ntheordereduniverse. AccordingtoS&yana,fromtheregion ofcloud,meghalok&t,\n% Wheretheherds aregathered:inplaceswherecattle,theprizeofvictory,\nabound.\n5 ThePiiest apparentlyAgni. Fixingreverenceon reverence:urgingmen\nto continualadoration.\n6 Avsija is generally a patronymic of the Rishi. Kakshivan and others.\nAccordingtoS&yanatheinstitutOrofthesacrificeismeant.Thestanzaisobscure.\nsup7 poB rh td er rv oa fr ta h: ea wc oc ro lr dd ,in tg hat to iS s,&y Pa ran ja f, ipa atn i.ame Pro of feI sn sd or ra Ga rs ^sso sn mao nf nBh ta hr iv na kr sa, tt hh ae t\nAgniismeant,andProfessorLudwigconsidersittolerablyclearthatBh&rvara\nisidenticalwithAusija. Theexactmeaningofthe stanzaisdoubtful, butits\ngeneralpurportappearstobethatBh&rvara, whetherhebe Ausija. orIndra,\norAgni, hasa storeof wealthor powertoprotect the worshipper andassist\nhimin theperformance ofhisreligiousduties,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 418,
            "content": ": : ; \\\n422 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IV.\nThat which in Ausija’s abode lies hidden, to come forth for\ndelight and for devotion.\n8 When he unbars the spaces of the mountains, and quickens\nwith his floods the water-torrents,\nHe finds in lair the buffalo and wild-ox when the wise lead\n\\\\ him on to vigorous exploit.\n10\n9 Auspicious are thv hands, thine arms well-fashioned which\nproffer bounty, indra, to thy praiser.\nWhat sloth is this? Why dost thou notrejoice thee? Why\ndost thou not delight thyself with giving?\nSo Indra is the truthful Lord of treasure. Freedom,he gave\nto man by slaying Vritra.\nMuch-lauded help us with thy power to riches may I be\n! :\nsharer of thy Godlike favour.\n- 11 Now, Indra 1 lauded, glorified with praises, let ]Jbwer swell\nhigh, like rivers, for the singer.\nFor thee a new hymn, Lord of Bays ! is fashioned. May we,\ncare-borne, through song be victors ever.\n‘ HYMN XXIL Indra.\nThatgift of ours which Indra loves and welcomes, even that\nhe makes for us, the Great and Strong One.\nHe who comes wielding in his might the thunder, Maghavan,\ngives prayer, praise, and laud, and Soma.\n2 Bull, lmrler of the four-edged rain-producer with both’Tiis\narms; strong, mighty, most heroic\nWearing as wool Pamshni for adornment, whose joints for\nsake of friendship he hath covered,\n8 When he unbars ; when Indralays open the interiorofthe mountain of\ncloudswithin whichthe rain isimprisoned.\nThe buffalo and wild-ox the Gaura (Bos gaurus) and the Gavaya (Bos\ngavaeus) are two kinds ofwild cattle. The gaurdsya andgavayasya ofthe\ntextmustbetakenaspartitivegenitives aftervidctt, hefinds. ‘Thepurport\nofthe expression, according tothescholiast, is, thatIndraobtainsthese two\nanimalstandwaupaail labhate, eitherforhimselfassacrificialflesh, orforhie\nworshippers, some ofw —hom, at least, evennow,would notobjecttoeatthe\nflesh ofthe wildoxen,’ Wilson,\n2 Rain-producer: thethunderboltorlightningwhich issupposed to oause\nrain by openingthecloud.\nParushni oneoftheriversofthePanj&b,calledinlatertimesIr&vatt, the\nmodern ltdvi, Indraappears tobe represented asclothing himself inthe\nwool-like waves,orfleecyvapours, oftheriver,andlovinglycoveringorunit-\ning inone stream herseveral joints,limbs, orbranches. *Thephraseology\nhere,’ ProfessorWilson remarks, cissomewhat obscure, and thescholiastdoes\nnotmateriallyenlightenus,’ - - -"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 419,
            "content": "MYMN 22.] TUB RIGVEDA. 423\n3 God who of all the Gods was born divinest, endowed with\nample strength and mighty powers,\nAnd bearing in his arms the yearning thunder, with violent\nrush caused heaven and earth to tremble. #\n4 Before the High God, at his birth, heaven trembled, earth,\nmany floods and all the precipices.\nThe Strong One bringeth nigh the Bull’s two Parents loud\n:\nsing the winds, like men, in air’s mid-region.\n5 These are thy great deeds, Indra, thine, the Mighty, deeds to\nbe told aloud at all libations,\nThat thou, 0 Hero, bold and boldly daring, didst with thy\nbolt, by strength, destroy the Dragon.\n6 True are all these thy deeds, 0 Most) Heroic. The Milch-kine\nissued from the streaming udder.\nIn fear of thee, 0 thou of manly spirit, the rivers swiftly set\nthemselves in motion.\n7 With joy, 0 Indra, Lord of Tawny Coursers, the Sisters then,\n10 these Goddesses, extolled thee,\nWhen thou didst give the prisoned ones their freedom to\nwander at their will in long succession.\n8 Pressed is the gladdening stalk as ’twere a river : so let the\nrite, the toiler’s power, attract thee\nTo us-ward, of the Bright One, as the courser strains his\nexceedingly strong leather bridle.\n9 Ever by us perform thy most heroic, thine highest, best\nvictorious deeds, 0 Victor.\nFor us make Vritras easy to be conquered : destroy the\nweapon of our mortal foeman.\nGraciously listen to our prayer, 0 Indra, and strength of\nvaried sort bestow thou on us.\nSend to us all intelligence and wisdom : 0 Maghavan, be he\nwho gives us cattle.\nthe4 hT eh ae venme aa nn din tg heof eat rh the ,s te hc eon pd arl ei nn te si os f, I tn hedr ma ib gr hi tn ygs Sun ne ,ar a, nb du tt heho wl id ns da spa sr mt g,\nintheintermediate spacewhichhasthusbeenprovidedforthem,\n6 TheMllch-hine: streamsoffertilizingrain. Theudderis the cloud.\n7 The Sisters: therivers.\ng Theconstructionofthemiddle portion ofthe stanzaisverydifficult.\nThegeneral meaningappears tobe, *The Somahas been Passed and the\n• om fi ace haf rlo dw -s puc lo lp ii no gus hl oy r. se.’L ,et Wo hu ors /a tc hr eifi Bc re igd hr taw Ont eh 'ee ish li at nh oe fr cw cli et ah ra ;l pl rt oh be abs lt yre Ang gt mh\nis meant. . . - „"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 420,
            "content": ": :: : :\nm\nTHK HYMNS OF [BOOK TV.\n11 Now-, Indra lauded, glorified with praises, let wealth Swell\n!\nhigh like rivers to the singer.\nFor thee a new hymn, Lord of Bays ! is fashioned. May we,\ncar-borne, through song he victors ever.\nHYMN. XXIII. Indra.\nHow, what priest’s sacrifice hath he made mighty, rejoicing\nin the Soma and its fountain?\nDelighting in the juice, eagerly drinking, theLofty One hath\nwaxed for splendid riches.\n2 What hero hath beenmade his feast-companion ? Who hath\nbeen partner in his loving-kindness?\nWhatknow we of his wondrous acts1 How often comes he to\naid and speed the pious toiler?\n3 Howheareth Indraoffered invocation? How,hearing, marketh\nhe the invoker’s wishes?\nWhat are his ancient acts of bounty? Wherefore call they\nhim t)newho filleth full the singer?\n4 How doth the priestwho laboureth, ever longing, win for\nhimself the wealth whichhe possesseth?\nMay he, the God, mark well my truthful praises, having\nreceived the homage which he loveth.\n5 How, and what bond of friendship with a mortal hath the\nGod chosen as this morn is breaking?\nHow, and what love hath he for those who love him, who\nhave entwined in him their firm affection?\n6 Is then thy friendship —with thy friends most mighty ? Thy\nbrotherhood with us, when may we tell it?\nThe streams of milk move, as most wondrous sunlight, the\nbeauty of the Lovely One for glory.\n1 Mighty effectual. Itsfountain more literally, udder the sacrifice,\nthesourcefromwhichtheSomaflowsasmilkfrom theudder; ofthecow.\nFor splendid riches in order to bestow splendid wealthonthe aacrificer,\naccordingtoS&yana.\nor2 toW kh na ot wh he ir so , beet nc evon lo eno tn ie ntia ena til ol no sw .edtoshare theofferings made to Indra\n6 The streamsofmilk this lineisdifficult. Indra’sclose connexion with\ntheSunisreferred to,andthe generalpurportmay be,as ProfessorLudwig\nsuggests: When thourieest upastheSun, thenwe declarethybrotherhood\ntw hi eth Suu ns .; o Sr &i yn ao nt ahe er xplw ao ir nd ss, sarI gn dd hra a' s,s ,tb he ea eu ft fy orti ss ,m (a ud de yogk dn ho ),wn gdha ,s ot fh te hl eig mh Qt Yo 'f\ning one (Indra),"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 421,
            "content": ": ; ;: : : ; ,\nJTfMJrmi THE MGYEEA. 425\n#'\n7 About to slay the Indradess destructive spirit he sharpens:\nhis keen arms to strike her.\nWhereby the Strong, although our debts’ exactor, drives in\nthe distant mornings that we know not. ,\n8 Eternal Law hath varied food that strengthens thought of\neternal Law removes transgressions. ;\nThe praise-hymn of eternal Law, arousing, glowing, hath\noped the deaf ears of the living.\n9 Firm-seated are eternal Law’s foundations in its fair form\nare many splendid beauties. ;\nBy holy Law longlasting food they bring us by holy Law\nhave cows come to our worship. ;\n10 Fixingeternal Law he, too, upholds it: swift moves themight\nof Law and wins the booty.\nTo Law belong the vast deep Earth and Heaven Milch-kine\nsupreme, to Law their milk they render. :\n11 How, Indra ! lauded, glorified with praises^ let power swell\nhigh like rivers to the singer.\nFor thee a new hymn, Lord of Bays, is fashioned, May we,\ncar-borne, through song be victors ever.\nHYMH XXIY* Indra.\nWhat worthy praise will bring before us Indra, the Son of\nStrength, that he may grant us riches\nForJhe the Hero, gives the singer treasures : he is the Lord\nwho sends us gifts, ye people.\n7 Spirit; the Druh, ormischievous female sprite who does not acknow-\nledgeIndra. Thepurportofthesecondlineis: Indra, although thepunisher\nofoursins, does nobsufferU3tobe destroyedbyevilspirits, but continuing\ntorise asthe Sun, urges onasuccession of morningsin thelight ofwhich\nthe demons ofthenight disappear.\n8 EternalLaw here, S&yanasays, thewordritd meansAditya, orIndra,\norsacrifice. Its meaningvaries slightlyinthisandthetwofollowingstanzas,\nbutthe originalideaofregularity,conformityto, or establishmentby, eternal\norder orlaw,is found throughout. In the second line eternal Law isthe\nregular law-ordained sacrifice. Glowmg brilliant, or clearly sounding. The\nliving; theworshippper.\n9 They bringus thatis, thecows whichhave cometo our worship tobe\n.presented tothe priestsaspaymentoftheirservices.\n10 Fixing eternalLaw the establisherof the lawis also itsupholderor\nadministrator. Professor Wilson translates: ‘The (worshipper) subjecting\npita (tohis will) verilyenjoysltita/\nTo Law belong: or, were made forthe sake of orderor law-ordained\nsacrifice. Milch-hine supreme bounteous heavenand earth, which cherish\nand supportsacrificeoreternalorderingeneral.\n1 ThuSonof Strength theMighty One,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 422,
            "content": "—\n: : ;\nTEEHYMNS OF \\B00KIV.\n426\n2 To be invoked and hymned in fight with Vritra, that well-\npraised Indra gives us real bounties.\nThat Maghavan brings eomfort inthe foray to the religious\nman,who pours libations.\n3 Him, verily, the men invoke in eombat ; risking their lives\nthey make him their protector,\nWhen heroes, foe to foe, give up their bodies, fighting, each\nside, for children and their offspring.\n4 Strong God thefolk at need put forth their vigour, striving\ni\ntogether in the whirl of battle.\nWhen warrior bands encounter one another some in the\ngrapple quit themselves like Indra.\n5 Hence many a one worships the might of Indra : hence let\nthe brew succeed the meal-oblation.\nHence let the Soma banish those who pour not : even hence\nI joy to pay the Strong One worship.\n6 Indra gives comfort to the man who truly presses, for him\nwho longs for it, the Soma,\nNot disaffected, with devoted spirit this man he takes to be\nhis friend in battles.\n7 He who this day for Indra presses Soma, prepares the brew\nand fries the grains of barley\nLoving the hymns of thatdevoted servant, to him may Indra\ngive heroic vigour-.\nS Whenthe impetuous chief hath sought the conflict, and the\nlord looked upon the long-drawn battle,\nThe matron calls to the Strong God whom pressersof Soma\nhave encouraged in the dwelling.\n9 He bid a small price for a thing of value : I was content,\nreturning, still unpurchased.\nHe heightened not his insufficient offer. Simple and clever,\nboth milk out the udder.\n5 Letthebrewsucceedthemeal-oblation: or,lettheofferingofcookedviands\nfollow thatofthe sacrificialcake; letvaried offeringsbemadeinrapid suc-\ncession. LettheSomabanish letthosewhopournoSoma-libationsto Indra\nbekeptatadistancefrom thosewhothusworship him. 1\n8 When the chieftain hasgone outtofight, his wife^ calls on Indra to\nprotect him. Accordingto S&yana, the ‘impetuous chief/ 1the lord/ is\nIndra whomhis consort recallsto drinkthe Somajuice which has been\nprepared forhimbymen.\n9 I was content spoken by Indra. Both milk out the udder both the\nsimple, or needy, buyer and theshrewdsellermakeasmuchas they can out\nmof enth te ob fa tr hg eai fn ee; tt oh ba et pis a, idth te ob tu heyi pn rg iesa tnd forse ol bl ti an ig no if ngI In nd dr ra a, *sme faa vn oi un rg bt yh se acrS ie ft it cl ee .-\nProfessor Grassmannbanishes stanzas 9 and 10 to anappendix, asnotorigin-\nallybelongingtothehymn."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 423,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 25,] THE RIGVEDA. 427\n10 Who for ten milch-kine purchaseth from me thisIndra who is\nmine\n?\nWhen he hath slain the Vritras letthe buyer give him back\nto me.\n.\nN\n11 ow, Indra 1 lauded, glorified with praises, let wealth swell\nhigh like rivers for the singer.\nFor thee a new hymn, Lord of Bays, is fashioned. May we,\near-borne, through song be victors ever.\nHYMN XXV. Indra.\nWhat friend of man, God-loving, hath delighted, yearning\ntherefor, this day in Indra’s friendship?\nWho with enkindled flame and flowing Soma laudeth him\nfor his great protecting favour?\n2 Who hath with prayer bowed to the Soma-lover? What\npious man endues the beams of morning2\nWho seeks bond, friendship, brotherhood with Indra% Who\nhath recourse unto the Sage for succour%\n3 Who claims to-day the Deities’ protection, asks Aditi for5\nlight, or the Adityas2\nOf whose pressed stalk of Soma drink the Asvins, Indra, and\nAgni, well-inclined in spirit?\n4 To him shall Agni Bharata give shelter long shall he look\n:\nupon the Sun uprising,\nWho sayeth, Let us press the juice for Indra, man’s Friend,\nthe Hero manliest of heroes.\nh Him neither few men overcome, nor many to him shallAditi\n:\ngive spacious shelter.\nDear is the pious, the devout, to Indra ; dear is the zealous,\ndear the Soma-bringer.\n6 This Hero curbs the mighty for the zealous the presser’s\n:\nbrew Indra possesses solely\n:\nNo brother, kin, or friend to him who pours not, destroyer of\nthe dumb who would resist him,\n2 EnduesthebeamsofmorningVtheexpressionmeans, apparently,‘betakes\nhimselfto prayerat day-break.’ S&yana’s interpretation is, ‘Who covets\nt Vh &a\n4\nmt aAi ds g,\nen\nvs iu ap Bp tho htr eft ns Ri,\nit\nsat hh\n;\nie\nA\noc fgo\nn\ntw\ni\nhs eag\ns\nhi ytv he mn\ne\nnb\ne\nbsy\nep\nleI\nc\non\ni\nnd\na\ngr\nl\nea\ndG\n.V\nod oftheBharata\nfamily, to„ w• h~ ic,,h*\n‘pr6 oC mu pr tbs dist —h ce omm fi ig th erty offt oeh se .’—me Sa in yi an ng a.pf Bp rr ia ds lu is nh gf ,tt lei as di—s ngo ,me dw rh iva it ngu on rce hr ata vi in\nng\nswifthorses,’ Prof. Robh. ‘Conqueror of themighty.’ Prof. Ludwig. The\ndumb : the man whohasnovoice to praisehim, - ' ,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 424,
            "content": "; ;. >\nm\nTHE HYMNS &F [BOOK IV.\n7 NotWith the wealthy churl who pours no Soma doth Indra,\nSoma-drinker, bind alliance.\nHe draws away his wealth and slays him naked, own Friend\nto him who offers, for oblation.\n8 Highest amj lowest, men who stand between them, going,\nreturning, dwelling in contentment, —\nThose who show forth their strength when urged to battle\nthese are the men who call for aid on Indra,\nHYMN XXVI.\nIndra.\nI was *aforetimeManu,I wasS&rya\n;\nIamthesageKakshiv&n,\nholy singer.\nKutsa the son of Arjuni I master. I am the sapient Usana\n:\nbeholdme.\n2 I have bestowedthe earth upon the Arya, and rain upon the\nman who brings oblation.\nI guidedforththe loudly-roaringwaters, andthe Gods moved\naccording to my pleasure.\n3 In the wild joy of Soma I demolished Sambara’sforts, ninety-\nandmine, together;\nAnd, utterly, the hundredth habitation, when helping Divo-\nd&sa Atithigva.\n4 Before allbirds be ranked this Bird, 0 Maruts supreme of\n;\nfalcons be this fleet-winged Falcon,\nBecause, strong-piuioned, with nocar to bear him, he brought\nto Manu the God-loved oblation.\n5 When the Bird broughtit, hence in rapid motion sent on the\nwide path fleet as thoughthe hurried.\nSwift he returned withsweetness of the Soma, and hencethe\nFalcon hath acquired his glory.\n6 Bearing the stalk, the Falcon speeding onward, Bird bringing\nfrom afar the draught that gladdens,\n7 Naked;strippedofallhisproperty;destitute. Tohimwhooffers,foroblation\nda rc ec so sr ed din fg oot do ;S ‘& t/ oay ha i, m‘ wt ho ot ph re esm ea nn tsw th heo lp io bu atr is onth ae ndli ob ba lt ai ton iona /n —d Wp ir le sp oa n.res the\nThedeityofthefirstthreestanzasis saidtobeeitherIndraorParamdtmft\n[theSupremeSpiritorSouloftheuniverse];thedeityordeifiedobjectofthe\notherstanzasistheSyenaorFalcon.\n1 Indra is the speaker ofthefirst threeverses, althoughit isnot clear\nwhathemeansby sayingthat heis Kakshiv&n and TJsanA,unless heintenda\ntoidentifyhimself withallexistence.\n3 Sambara ; Divoddsa; Atithigva(here anadnameor epithetofDivo&Asa);\nseeIndexofNames,\nW,,4 byWi hit sh on wo nca nr at to urb ae lar imh pi um ls: el .iter Oa bl lly a, ti‘ ow ni :th thh eis Soo mw an .wheel-less nature,’that\n0 Thedraughtthatgladfynf theplantthatyieldstheexhilarating;juice,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 425,
            "content": ":: : ;\nMJMN 21] TE$ BIGVEDA. * |||\nFriend of the Gods, brought, grasping fast, the Soma which\nhe had taken from yon loftiest heaven.\n7 The Falcon took and brought the Soma, bearing thousand\nlibations with him, yea, ten thousand. °\nThe'Bold One left Malignities behind him, wis§, in wild joy of\n-Soma, left the foolish. v\nHJMN XXVII. ThtfFalco. n.\nI, as I lay within the womb, considered all generations of „\nthese Gods in order,\nA hundred iron fortresses confined me, but forth Iffew %ith\nrapid speed a Falcon,\n2 Not at his own free pleasure did he bear me he conquered\n:\nwith his strength and manly courage.\nStraightway the Bold One left the fiends behind him and\npassed the winds as he grew yet more mighty.\n3 When with loud cry from heaven down sped the, Falcon,\nthence hasting like the wind he bore the Bold One,\nThen, wildly raging in his mind, the archer Kris&nu aimed\nand loosed the string to strike him.\n4 The Falcon bore him fromheaven’s lofty summit as the swift\ncar of Indra’s Friend bore Bhujyu.\nThen downward hither fell a flying feather of the Bird\nhasting forward in his journey.\n5 And now let Maghavan accept the beaker, white, filled with\nmilk, filled with the shining liquid\nThe best of sweet meath which the priests have offered that\n:\nIndra to his joy may drink, the Hero, that he may take\nand drink it to hisrapture.\n7 The Bold One Indra.\n1 Thewomb :oftheraincloud. A hundredfortresses:cf *Sambara’shundred\nancientcastles’ (II.14.6,) Considered: orreviewed,inhopeoffindingadeliverer.\nThespeakerisAgn—i,thatis,thelightningwhichrends thecloudandbrings\ndownthesweetrain the fleetFalcon who brings Soma from heaven. See\nProf.Bloomfield, Th —eMyth ofSomaandtheEagle, Festgruss an Kudolfvon\nBoth, 1893, pp 149 155. Cf. HymnsoftheAtharva-veda,YI.48,1.\n2 Not athisoionfreepleasure thefalcon’s merewillwas notenough, says\nSo Tm ha e; Bh oe ldha Od nefi ?rst Int do raf .ight Sea end stc ao nn zq aue 7r ofm ty heke pe rp ee cr es d. inghymn,\n8 The Bold One meaning Soma. The conshraction of the first line Ig\ndifficult. Kfisdnu; one ofthe guardsofthecelestial Soma. SeeI. 155 %\n4 TheallusioninthefirstlineistotherescueofBhujyu,bytheAsvins(see\nI. 112. 6), andwe should thereforeexpectindrdvatofy,‘ofIndra’stwoMend's,!\ninsteadof itidrdvato. Feather: parriam; which, becameonearththe sacred\nParnaorpal&^atree,thebeautifulButeaFrondosa.\n5 The metricalformandtheritualapplication indicatethecomparatively\nrecentaddition ofthisstanzatothe.ancienthymn.\nThehymnhasbeendiscussedby Weber,Yedische Beitrage,pp. 4."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 426,
            "content": ": ;\nm THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IV.\n6 When also for a mortal man, Indra, thou speddest forth the\nSun,\n9 And bojfest Etasa withmight.\n7 WhatiYritra-slayer, artnot thou, Maghavan, fiercest in thy\nwrath\n,t\nSo ha^t\nt1\nhou quelled the demon too.\n§ And thisheroic deed of might thou, Indra, alsohastachieved,\n4 That thou didst smitetodeath the Dame, Heaven’sDaughter,\nmeditating ill.\nThou, Indra, MightyOne,didstcrushUshas,though Daughter\nof the Sky,\nWhen lifting up herselfin pride.\n10 Then from her chariot Ushas fled, affrighted, from her\nruined car,\nWhen the strong God,had shattered it.\n11 So there this car of Ushas lay, broken topieces, in Vip&s,\nAndsheherself fled far away.\n12 Thou, Indra, didst with magic power resist the overflowing\nstream\nWho spread her waters o’er the land.\n13 Valiantly didst thou seize and take the store which Sushna\nhad amassed,\nWhen thou didst crush his fortresses.\n14 Thou, Indra, also smotest down Kulitara’s son Sambara,\nThe Dasa, from the lofty hill.\n15 Of DasaVarchin’s thou didst slay the hundred thousand and\nthe five,\nCrushed like the fellies of a car.\n6 AndholiestMam ; thatis,thereturnofdayonsomeparticularoccasion\nisattributedtoIndra’sinterventiononbehalfofhisfavourite. Seejndex,\n7 Thedemon Vritra thesonofDanu.\n8 The destructionby Indraofthe chariotof Ushasor Dawn appearsto\nmean theextinction ofherlightaftertherisingoftheSun. Soin II. 15. 6.\nIndrais said to have*crushed withhisthunderbolt thecarofUshas,rend'\ningherslowsteedswithhisrapidCoursers.’Themythis alluded toinother\npassagesalso. SeeX. 138, 5.\n11 In Vipd$:oronthebankofthatriver.\n32 'The overflowing stream ,* or, possibly, some stream called VibAli,the\nexactmeaningofthewordbeingdoubtful,\n14 Kulitara'sson: thisis S&yana’sexplanation ofhaulitardm.\n15 OfDdsa Varchin's of thefollowers ofthedemon orsavage Varchin,\nSeeII. 14* 6. And thefive:the position of pdhehainthe stanza seemstp\nindicatethat itistaken separately. S&yana prefixesit to satft, makingthe\nnumberslainathousandandfivehundred.\nCrushedlike thefellie—sofapar: i(surrounding)him likethefellies (round\nthespokesofawheel).’ Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 427,
            "content": ": ::; :\nEYMWMl THE RI&YEDA’ uk\n16 So Indra, Lord. of Heroes, Powers, caused the unwedded\ndamsel's son,\nThe castaway, to share the lauds*\n17 Sosapient Indra, Lord of Might, brought Turvasa and Yadu,\nthose\nWho feared the flood, in safety o’er.\n18 Arna and Chitraratha, both Aryas, thou, Indra, slewest swift*\nOn yonder side of Sarayu.\n19 Thou, Vritraslayer, didst conduct those two forlorn, the\nblind, the lame\nHone may attain thisblissof thine.\n20 For Divod&sa, him who brought oblations, Indra overthrew\nA hundred fortresses of stone.\n21 The thirty thousand D&sas he with magic power and weapons\nsent\nTo slumber, for Labliiti's sake.\n22 As such, 0Vritra-slayer,thouartgeneral Lord of kinefor all,\nThou Shaker of all things that be.\n23 Indra, whatever deed of might thou hast this day to execute,\nNone be there now to hinder it.\n24 0 Watchful One, may Aryaman the God give thee all goodly\nthings.\nMayPdshan, Bhaga, and the God Kardlatigive allthingsfair.\nTheunwedded damsel's son:the sonof Agra, accordingto S&yana. Bee\nIV. 19. 9.\n17 Turvasaand Yadu soI. 174. 9 fWheno’erthefloodthoubroughtest\nthem, 0 Hero, thou keptestTurvasaandYadu safely,’\nWhofearedthefood:literally, fnon-bathers' (asndtftrd), meaningprobably\nunabletoswim.\n18 Arna and Chitraratha twokings, saysthe Scholiast, *presumingon\ntheirdignityasAryasanddevoidoffaithin, ordevotionto, Indra.’ Sarayu\nhereisprobably someriver in the Panj&b, andnotthe SarayuofOudhthe\nmodern Sarju. Turvasa andYadu may perhaps have crossedtheriver, and\nundertheprotection ofIndra conqueredtwo Aryanchiefs whoselandslay\nbeyondit,\n19 Theblind, the lame seeII. 13. 12. whereone man only,theoutcast,\norPar^vrij,is spoken ofas *thehalt andblind.’\n20 Hivoddsa : seeIndex.\n21 Babhtti: a Kishifavouredby Indra SeeIndex.\n24 KdrMatt fromthepositionofthewordinthestanzawouldappear to\nbethenameofaseparateGod,butSlyana(whoisfollowedbyProfessorsRoth\nandGrassmannaswellasWilson)takesitas an epithet of Pfishan, i. e. the-\nbroken-toothedor toothless God. ‘AccordingtothePur&nas,Pusha —n hadhis\nteethknocked outby Yirabhadra’sfollowers atDaksha's sacrifice.5 Wilson.\nTheinstitutorofthesacrifice appears tobeaddressed inthis versewhich is\nprobablyalateradditiontotheoriginalhymn.\n28"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 428,
            "content": "4M THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IT\n.\nHYMN XXXI. I»dr*\nWith whathelp will he come to us, wonderful, ever-waxing\nFriend,\nWithfwhat most mighty company?\n2 What genuine and most liberal draught will spirit thee with\njuice to burst\nOpen e’en strongly-guarded wealth?\n3 Do thou who art Protector of us thy friends who praise tliee\nWith hundred aids approach u&.\n1 Like as a courser’s circling wheel, so turn thee hitherward\nto us,\nAttracted by the hymns of men.\n5 Thou seekest as it were thine own stations with swift descent\n' of powers:\nI share thee even with the Sun.\n6 What time thy courage and his wheels together, Indra, run\ntheir course\nWith thee and with the Sun alike,\n7 So even, Lord of Power and Might, the people call thee\nMaghavan,\nGiver, who pauses not tothink.\n8 And verily to himwho toils and presses Soma juice forthee\nThou quickly givest ample wealth.\n9 No, not a hundred hinderers can check thy gracious bounty’s\nflow,\nNor thy great deeds when thouwilt act.\n10 May thine assistance keepus safe, thy hundred and thy\nthousand aids\n:\nMay all thy favours strengthen us.\n11 Dothou elect us in this place for friendshipand prosperity,\n- And greatcelestial opulence.\n2 Genuineand goodresultsand'causingtheeto be\nom fos ot urbo eu nn et mi if eu sl. ands giv1\ne\n, usi the; ir: co' nr te: nt: st r'o ob ru tr hs eto ap le ln ust ioh net mr ae yasu br ee- th oous te hs e-\nwatersshut upintheclouds.\n4 By the hymns: literally, \"by the teams/ niyildbhi(v, that is, strings of\nverses,hymns,orpraises.\nWith swiftdescentofpowers: bythenaturalandspontaneous outflow of1\ndivinestrength,aswaterpoursdownaprecipice.\n/sharethee: 11glorifytheetogetherwiththeSun/—Wilson.\n7 Maghavan t therichandmunificent One*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 429,
            "content": ": ;\n'MYUN 82.] TEE niGVEDA. ',185\n12 Favour us, Indra, evermore with overflowing store of wealth\nWith all thy succours aidthou us.\n13 With new protections, Indra, like an archer, open thou for us\nThe stables that are filled with kine. *\n,14 Our chariot, Indra, boldly moves endued with splendour,\nne’er repulsed,\nWinning for us both kine and steeds. *\n15 0 Surya, make our fame to be most excellentamongthe Gods,\nMost lofty as the heaven on high,\nHYMN\nXXXII. Indra.\n0 thou who slewestYritra, come, 0 Indra, hither to ourside,\nMighty One with thy mighty aids.\n2 Swift and impetuous -art thou, wondrous amid the well-\ndressed folk\n:\nThou doest marvels for our help.\n,\n3 Even with the weak thou smitest down him who is stronger,\nwith thy strength\nThe mighty, with the Friends thou hast.\n4 0 Indra, we areclose tothee; to theewe sing aloud our songs:\nHelp and defend us, even us.\n5 As such, 0 Caster of the Stone, come with thy succours\nwonderful,\nBlameless, and irresistible.\n6 May we be friends of one like thee, 0 Indra, with the wealth\nof kine,\nComrades for lively energy.\n7 For thou, 0 Indra, art alone the Lord of strength that comes\nfrom kine\n:\nSo grant thou us abundant food.\n8 They turn thee not another way, when, lauded, Lover of the\nSong,\nThou wilt give wealth to those who praise,\n9 The Gotaraas have sung theirsong ofpraise to thee that thou\nmayst give,\nIndra, for lively energy. *\n.\n2 Amid the well-dressed folic: the adjective ehitrintshu, feminine plural\ninthelocativecase, standswithoutasubstantive,andS&yanasuppliesprajfou,\npeople well-dressed, perhaps, forareligiousceremony, orpossibly, armedfor\n;\nwar.\n5 CasteroftheStone wielderof thethunderbolt."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 430,
            "content": ": :: : : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK IV.\n10 We will declare thy herodeeds, what Dasa forts thou brakest\ndown.\nAttacking them in rapturous joy.\n11 Thesftgessingthosemanlydeedswhich,Indra,LoveroftheSong,\nThou wroughtest when the Soma flowed.\n12 Indra, the Gotamas who bring thee praises have grown strong\nloy thee.\nGive themrenown with hero sons.\n13 For, Indra, verily thou art the general treasure even of all;\nThee, therefore, do we invocate.\n14 Excellent Indra, turn to us glad thee amonguswiththejuice\n:\nOf Somas, Soma-drinker thou.\n15 May praise from us who think on thee, 0 Indra, bring thee\nnearto us.\nTurn thytwo Bay Steeds hitherward;\n16 Eatof our sacrificial cake: rejoice thee inthe songs we sing,\nEven as a lover in his bridp.\n17 To Indra for a thousand steeds well-trained and fleet of foot\nwe pray,\nAnd hundred jars ofSoma juice. ’\n18 We make a hundred of thy kine, yea, and a thousand, hasten\nnigh\n:\nSo let thy bounty come to us.\n19 We have obtained, a gift from thee, ten water-ewers wrought\nof gold\nThou, Vritra-slayer, givest much.\n20 A bounteous Giver, give us much, bring much and not a\ntrifling gift\nMuch, Indra, wilt thou fain bestow.\n210 Vritra-slayer, thou art famed in many a place as bountiful\nHero, thy bounty let us share.\n22 I praise thy pair of Tawny Steeds, wise Son of him who\ngiveth kine\n:\nTerrify notthe cows with these.\ni .\n10Inrapturousjoy in exhilaration producedbythe Somejuice.\n17 Jor*; akhdrfisproperlyameasureofgrain,andbymetonymyavessel,\njar,orpitcher, containingthat quantity,which issaid to be equalto about\nthreeofourbushels.\n22 WiseSonofhim whogiveth Tcine Indrahimself isthe specialgiver of\ncattle, andthisattributeofbismayperhaps,asProfessorLudwigconjectures,\nhepersonifiedinanimaginaryfatherGosha, thewinner orbestowerof kine,\nS4yana wouldforce onnaplt,son,themeaningnetpdtayitah cthouwhodost\nnotcast down’ (thyworshippers). With these two horses} of thine. The\nmeaningofthislastT&daisuncertain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 431,
            "content": "—\n; :\nm\nthe rioteda.\n25 Like two slight images of girls, unrobed, upon a new-wrought\npost,\nSo shine thy Bay Steeds in their course.\n24 For me the Bays are ready when I start, orstartnot,Vith the\ndawn, Innocuous in the ways they take.\nHYMN\nXXXIII. bibhus.\nI send my voice as herald to theBibhus I cravethewhitecow\n;\nfor the overspreading.\nWind-sped, the Skilful Ones in rapidmotionhaveinan instant\ncompassed round the heaven.\n2 What time the Bibhus had with care and marvelsdoneproper\nservice to assist their Parents,\nThey won the friendship of the Gods the Sages carried away\n;\nthe fruit of their devotion.\n3 May they who made their Parents, who were lying like posts\nthat moulder, youngagain for ever,\nMay Vaja, Vibhvan, Bibhu, joined with Indra, protect our\nsacrifice, the Soma-lovers.\n4 As for a year the Bibhus kept the Milch-cow, throughout a\nyear fashioned and formed her body,\nAnd through a year’s space still sustained her brightness,\nthrough these their labours they were made immortal.\n—\nf) Two beakers l—et us make, thus said the eldest, Let us\nmake three, this was—the younger’s sentence.\nFourbeakersletusmake, thus spoketheyoungest. Tvashtar\napproved this rede of yours, 0 Bibhus.\n6 The men spake truth and even so they acted : this Godlike\nway of theirs the Bibhus followed.\nAnd Tvashtar, when he looked on the four beakersresplend-\nent as the day, was moved with envy.\n23 ravagesofgirls perhapsascaryatids,butthepassageisobscure. Pro-\nfessor Wilson translates : fLike two puppets on an arranged, new, and\nslenderstage,’\n• 24\nAccordingtoS&yana,Letthyinoffesivehayhorsesgivemeasufficiency\natsacrificeswhetherIgotothemina car drawnby oxen orwithout acarso\ndrawn, thatis, on foot.\nov* e1 rF to hr et Sh oe mo ave jr us ip cer .ead fi Fn og rta hete dc ih ln ui tc ia ol ne (x op fre ts hs eio Sn of mo ar lp io bu ar ti in og n)t .h ’e —Wm ii ll sk oni .nto Foo rr\ntfie Ribhus,seeIndex.\n5 Two beakers: orsacrificialladles. SeeI. 20. 6,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 432,
            "content": "—\n: :\n438 THE HYMNS OF [BOQR IV,\n7 When for twelve days the Ribhus joyed reposing as guests pf\nhim who never may be hidden,\nThey made fair fertile fields, they brought the rivers. Plants\nspread o’er deserts, waters filled the hollows.\n8 May they who formed the swift car, bearing Heroes, and the\nCow omniform and all-impelling, —\nEven may they form wealth for us, the Eibhus, dexterous-\n.\nhanded, deft in work and gracious.\n9 So in theirwork the Gods had satisfaction, pondering it with\nthought and mental insight.\nThe Gods’ expert artificer was Vaja, Indra’s Ribhukshan,\nVaruna’s was Yibhvan.\n10 They who, made glad with sacrifice and praises, wrought the\ntwo Bays, his docile Steeds, forIndra,\nRibhus, as those who wish afriend toprosper, bestow upon\nus gear and growth of riches.\n11 This day have they set gladdening drink before you. Hot\nwithout toil are Gods inclined to friendship.\nTherefore do ye who are so great, 0 Ribhus, vouchsafe us\ntreasures at this third libation.\nHYMN XXXIV. Eibhus.\nTo this our sacrifice come Ribhu, Yibhvan, Yaja, and Indra\nwith the gift of riches,\nBecause this day hath Dhishanft the Goddess set drink for\nyou the gladdening draughts have reached you.\n:\n7 Him%vhonevermay behidden theSun Savitar.\n;\n8 Theswiftcar: thethree-wheeledchariot whichbearstheAsvins.\nThe Cow omniform orof everyhue. ‘Indra hath yoked his Bays, the\nAsvins’ carishorsed, Brihaspatihath broughtthe Cowof every hue.’ I\n161. 6. *335\n11 Atthis thirdlibation:intheevening, thepropertimefordrink-offerinegs\ntotheRibhus.\nThe myth ofthe Ribhusis exceedingly obscure. Theyareregardedas\nancient sacrifices whoattained immortality as the rewardof their pious\nlabours. Theparents whom they restoredtoyouthappear tobetheuniver-\nsal parents,heavenand earth, rejuvenatedeach and\nBAs t mt etp i w\ny\nrr v he te gi al hn arvsg\n,\nivo e. gi al nn -.\ns\nei vT\ne\n,g e eh h d LTe t Fah a.s ,m e v Ri I Nr etl V 4a lwc . vt ieh ey 1 gl- 1 ,d ivc h o.eo E1 nw s1d p sra . V( aa dys F\ni\ndjt s o ida\ns\nqp rn (\nu\nuaz s\nr\net ca t ,e aa l4 rhn\ne\n1) e,z 1fa mi u .s yo l7 4r t)p 0s he 3ta f er r uh —h e do da el y 4p sy 1p as 3e nt ;t r o dh h Ie iPa Ini . Ip r\\- .r.v >e' 5: ri 1-,‘ .^ —. n, *c 5, 'i\nj\n5»:\n.\n|\n;\n;s;/ r.:\n'\nofthee\n*\nEMshani ; a divinity closely connected with Soma and presiding over\nprosperity. ..."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 433,
            "content": ": : : : : :\nWTMJSr 34.] THE RIGVEDA. 439\n^2 Knowing your Tairtli and rich in gatheredtreasure, Ribbus,\nrejoice together with the Ritus.\n! The gladdening draughts and wisdom have approached you :\nsend ye us riches with goodstore of heroes\n3 For you was made this sacrifice, 0 Ribhus, which ye, like\nmen, won for yourselves aforetime.\nTo —you come all who fi—nd in you their pleasure\n:\nye all were\neven the two elder V&jas.\n4 Kow for the mortal worshipper, 0 Heroes, for himwho served\nyou, was the gift of riches.\nDrink, Vajas, Ribhus ! unto you is offered, to gladden you,\nthe third and great libation.\n5 Come'to us, Heroes, Vajas and Ribhukshans, glorified for the\nsakeof mighty treasure.\nThese draughts approach you as the day is closing, as cows,\nwhose calves are newly-born, their stable.\nCome to this sacrifice of ours, ye Children of Strength, in-\nvoked with humble adoration.\nDrink of this meath, Wealth-givers, joined with Indra with\nwhom yeare in full accord, ye Princes.\n7 Close knit with Varuna drink the Soma, Indra close-knit,\n;\nt CloH sey -m kn n- il tov we itr hi dw ri it nh ket rh se fM ira str ,ut ws hodr di rn ik ni kt\nin season\n;\nclose-knit\nwith heavenly Dames who giveus treasures.\n8 Rejoice in full accord with the Adityas, in concord with the\nParvatas, 0 Ribhus;\nIn full accord with Savitar, Divine One ; in full accord with\nfloods that pour forth riches.\n2 Knowingyourbirth knowinghow youhave attained immortality and\ndeification. TheRitus theseasons personifiedandhonouredas deities. The\nRibhusascosmicpowersarecloselyconnectedwiththem.\nthr3 eeV od nj la ys ,; yot uha at ri es, ala ll et nh to iu tg lh edV t& oja thi as ts atr pi pc et ll ly att ih oe nn wa hm ie chof met ahe n- syo au ctn ig ve es ,t sto rf ot nh g,e\no 0rs Vp ai dr si cte hd a. ’sP ;*ro yf ees as ro er aG llra ts hs ema fin rn\nst\nt (r ea nn ts il ta lt ee ds t: o‘ pi rh er cea dl ele ncs ee )id hd ei re e,er 0ste Vn &jh aie sr,\n;\nbuttheword utdisthen left untranslated.\n4 Thethirdandgreatlibation: seethepreceding hymn, stanza11.\n5 Ribhukshans Ribhukshan is another name of Ribhu, the eldest of\nthethree.\n7 Drinkers first thosewho claim and receive the libationfirst ; here,\napparently, theRitusor Seasons.\n8 Parvatas Godspresidingovermountainsandclouds."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 434,
            "content": ":s: : ; ,\nm\nteemymns of [book in\n9 Ribhus, whohelpedtheir Parents andthe Asvins, who formed\nthe Milch-cow and the pair of horses, —\nMade armour, set the heaven and earth asunder, far-reach-\ningJBCeroes, they have made good offspring.\n10 Ye who have wealth in cattleandin booty, in heroes, in rich\nsustenance and treasure,\nSuch, 0 ye Ribhus, firstto drink, rejoicing, give unto us and\nthose who laud our present.\n11 Ye were not far : wehave not left you thirsting, blameless in\nthis our sacrifice, 0 Ribhus.\nRejoice youwiththe Maruts and with Indra, with the Kings,\nGods that ye may give us riches.\n!\nHYMN XXXY. Ribhus#\nComb hither, 0ye Sons of Strength, ye Ribhus stay not afar,\n;\nye Children of Sudhanvan.\nAt this libation is your gift of treasure. Let gladdening\ndraughts approach you after Indra’s.\n2 Hither is come the Ribhus’ giftofriches here was the drink-\n;\ning ofthe well-pressed Soma,\nSince by dexterity and skill as craftsmen ye made the single\nchalice to be fourfold.\n3 Yemade fourfold the chalice that was single ye spake these\n:\nwords and said, 0 Friend, assist us ;\nThen, V&jas l gained the path of life eternal, deftrhanded\n.Ribhus, to the Gods’ assembly.\n4 Out of what substance was that chalice fashioned which ye\nmade fourfold by your art and wisdom ?\nNow for thegladdening draught press out the liquor, and\ndrink, 0 Ribhus, of the meath ofSoma.\n5 Ye with your cunning made your Parentsyouthful; the cup,\nfor Gods to drink, ye formed with cunning\nWith cunning, Ribhus, rich in treasure, fashioned the two\nswift Tawny Steeds who carry Indra.\n$ Madearmour fortheGods.\n10 Thosewholaudourpresent whoaccompanywithhymns,andsorecom-\nmend tothe Gods,ouroblation.\n11 TheKings theother Gods, ortheGodsingeneral.\nV\n1 After Indra? libationshaving been offeredtoIndra at dawn and at\nnoonday. Seestanza7.\nAO\nFriend: Agni.\n5 Cunning : powerandskillascraftsmen ;sdchgd*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 435,
            "content": "—\n:\nm\nBYMN 36.3 *?m RtGt&DA.\n6 Whoso pours out foryou, when days are closing, the sharp\nlibation for your joy, 0 V&jas,\n, For him, 0 mighty Eibhus, ye, rejoicing, have fashioned\nwealth with plenteous store of heroes.\n7 Lord of Bay Steeds, at dawn the juice thou drankest: thine,\nonly thine, is the noonday libation.\nNo. w drink thou with the wealth-bestowing Eibhus, whom for\ntheir skill thou madest friends, 0 Indra.\n8 Ye, whom your artist skill hath raised to Godhead, have sat\nyou down above in heaven like falcons.\nSo give us riches, Childrenof Sudhanvan, 0 Sonsof Strength\n;\nye have become immortal.\n9 The third libation, that bestoweth treasure, which ye have\nwon by skill, ye dexterous-handed,\nThis drink hathbeen effused for you, 0 Eibhus : drink it with\nhigh delight, with joy like Indra’s.\nHYMN XXXVL\nliibhus.\nThe car thatwas not made for horsesorforreins, three-wheel-\ned, worthy of lauds, rolls round the firmament.\nThat is the great announcement of your Deity, that, 0 ye\nEibhus, ye sustainthe earth and heavem\n2 Ye Sapient Ones who madethe lightly-rolling oar out of your\nmind, by thought, the car that never errs,\nYou, being such, to drink of this drink-offering, you, 0 ye\nVajas, and ye Eibhus, we invoke. *\n3 0 Vajas, Eibhus, reaching far, among the Gods this was your\nexaltation gloriously declared,\nIn thatyour aged Parents, worn with length of days, ye\n* wrought again to youth so that they moved at will.\n4 The chalice that was single ye have made fourfold, and by\nyour wisdombrought the Cow forth from the hide.\nSo quickly, mid the Gods, ye gainedimmortal life. V&jas and\nEibhus, your great workmust be extolled.\n6 Fashionedwealth: madeorfabricatedas craftsmen.\n1 Thecar thethree-wheeled chariotoftheAsvins,3rawnbyasses, i.e. the\ngreycloudsofmorning twilight-.\n3 Yewroughtagainto youth: formsof the-verb talcsh,toform, fabricate,\nfashion, asa carpenter does withwood, are used inthisandother hymnsto\nthe Itibhus, theartificers, insteadofwords signifying restoring, giving, pro-\nducing, andthelike."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 436,
            "content": ":: : :\n442 SPHF HYMN'S OF [BOOK IV ;\n6 Wealth from the Ribhus is moat glorious in renown, that\nwhich the Heroes, famed for vigour, have produced.\nIn synodsmusthe sung the car which Vibhvan wrought: that\nwhich ye favour, Gods ! is famed among mankind.\n€ Strong is the steed, the man a sage in eloquence, the bowman\nis a hero hard to beat in fight,\nGreat store of wealth and manly power hath he obtained\nwhom Vaja, Yibhvan, Ribhus have looked kindly on.\n7 To you hath been assigned the fairest ornament, the hymn of\npraise: V&jas and Ribhus, joy therein;\nFor ye have lore and wisdom and poetic skill: as such, with\nthis our prayer we call on you to come.\n8 According to the wishes of our hearts may ye, who have full\nknowledge of all the delights ofmen,\nFashion for us, 0 Eibhus, power andsplendid wealth, rich in\nhigh courage, ex. cellent, and vital strength.\n9 Bestowing on us here riches and offspring, here fashion fame\nforus befitting heroes.\nVouchsafe us wealth of splendid sort, 0 Ribhus, that we may\nmake us more renowned thanothers.\nHYMN XXXVII. Ribhus.\nComb toour sacrifice, V&jas, Ribhukshans, Gods, bythepaths\nwhich Godsare wont to travel,\nAs ye, gay Gods, accept in splendid weather the sacrifice\namong thesefolkof Manus.\n2 May these rites please you in your heart and spirit may the\n;\ndrops clothed in oil this day approach you.\nMay the abundant juices bear you onward to power and\nstrength, and, when imbibed, delight you.\n3 Your threefold going near is God-appointed, so praise is given\nyou, Vajas and Ribhukshans.\nSo, Manus-like, mid younger folk I offer, toyou who are aloft\nin heaven, the Soma.\n5 The carwhich Vibhvanwrought orthesacrificialcup thetexthasonly\nvibhvatashtdh, thatwhich wasfabricatedby Yibhvan,oras; S&yana says,by\ntheRibhus. 9\n8 Accordingtothewishesofourhearts or, accordingtoS&yana,onaccount\nofthepraiseswhich wehaveofferedtoyou.\n1 Insplendid weather after therains, when protractedsacrifices arenot\ninterruptedbystorms. ThesefolkofManus\n:\nAryanmen.\n3 Threefoldgoingnear comingtothealtaratthethreedailysacrifices,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 437,
            "content": ": : : ; ;\nHYMN\n38.]\nTHE MOVEDA\n. 443\n4 Strong, with fair chains of gold and jaws ofiron, ye have a\nsplendid car and well-fed horses. v\nYe Sons of Strength, ye progeny of Indra, to you the best is.\noffered to delight you. *\n5 Eibhukshans. him, for handy wealth, the mightiest comrade\n!\nin thefight,\nHim, Indra's equal, we invoke, most bounteous ever, rich in\nsteeds.\n6 The mortalmanwhom, Eibhus, yeand Indrafavour with your\nhelp,\nMust be successful, by his thoughts, at sacrifice and with the\nsteed.\n7,0 Vajas and Ribhukshans, free for us the paths to sacrifice,\nYe Princes, lauded, that we may press forward to each point\nof heaven.\n8 0VajasandEibhukshans, yeNasatyas,Indra,blessthiswealth,\nAnd, before other mens’, the steed, that ample riches may\nbe won.\nHYMN XXXVIII. Dadhikr&s.\nFrom you two came the gifts in days aforetime whichTrasa-\ndasyu granted to the Purus\n%\nYe gave the winner of our fields and plough-lands, and the\nstrong smiter who subdued the Dasyus.\n5 Him Ribhu, asrepresentinghisbrothers also.\n6 Byhisthoughts referringto the worshipperwhobyhisdevoutthoughts\nandactswillobtainsuccessin sacrifice. With thesteed referringtothewar-\nriorwhowillbevictoriousin battlewith hiswar-chariot.\n7 Pressonwardto each pointof heaven ; thatis, be everywherevictorious,\nachieve, what wasinlater timestheobjeptof greatkings’ highestambition,\nthe digvijayaor conquest oflandsin everydirection.\n8 Ndsatyas: Asvins. Thesteeds.* either the war-horsesingeneral, or, as\nProfessorLudwigsuggests, aparticularhorsethatis tobesacrificed.\nDadhikrds inthenominative case, or Dadhikr& in the crude form, isthe\nnameof amy,thicalbeingoftenmentionedin thelligvedaand theactualsub-\njectof thishymnandthreeothers. Heisdescribedasakindofdivinehorse,\nandprobably, like T&rkshya, is a personificationof the morningsun ; some-\ntimesheisconsidered asacreation of heaven and earth, sometimesof Mitra-\nVaruna,andisinvoked in the morning together with Agni, Ushas, and the\ntA os ’v si cn as t. ter,Th ine an la lum se ioi ns tp oro tb ha eb rl iy sid nger si uv ned spf rr eo am did ngad dh ei W, ||t jh pi dck he on ae r-d fm ri osl tk, lia kn ed mik lr ki, ,\no( rnr Ma .yy Wr ii lv\nliams’s\nDictionary.cric Pe rS oy fe7 sr sa oX rtv L. udwAe is gch ty hl iu ns k) s. thS ae te tS ht e,P h. yL me nxic io sn,\na\nfragment,referringnot,tothemythicalbeingbutto anactualwar-horsebear-\ning 1h Fis ron mam ye o. utwo MitraandV&runa, according to stanza2of the follow.ing\nhym»n Heaven audEarth, accordingtoS&yana. Trasadasyu this king has\nj"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 438,
            "content": ": ; ; ;\n4#, TttMEtMNS OF {BOOK tv.\n2 And ye gave mightyLadhikrds, the giver of many gifts, who\nvisiteth all people,\nImpetuous hawk, swift and of varied colour, likeabraveKing\nwhom each true man must honour*\n,3 Whom, as ?twere down aprecipice, swift rushing, each Pfiru\npraises and his heart rejoices,—\n' Springingforthlike ahero fainfor battle, whirling the car and\nflying like the tempest.\n4 Who gaineth precious booty in the combats, and moveth,\nwinning spoil, among the cattle\nShown in bright colour, looking on the assemblies, beyond the\nchurl, toworship of the living.\n5 Loudly the folk cry after himin battles, as ’twere a thief who\nsteals away agarment ; <\nSpeeding to glory, or aherd of cattle, even as a hungryfalcon\nswooping downward.\n6 And, fain to come forth first amid these armies, this wayand\nthat with rows of cars he rushes,\nGaylike a bridesman, making him a garland, tossing thedust,\nchamping the rein that holds him.\n7 And that strong Steed, victorious and faithful, obedient with\nhis bodyinthe combat,\nSpeeding straight on amid the swiftlypressing, casts o’er his\nbrows the dust he tosses upward.\n8 And at his thunder, like the roar ofheaven, those whoattack\ntremble and are affrighted\nFor when he fights against embattled thousands, dread is he\nin his striving none may stay him.\n;\n9 The people praisethe overpoweringswiftnessof thisfleetSteed\nwho givethmen abundance.\nOf him they saywhen drawing back from battle. Dadhikr&s\nhath sped forward with his thousands.\nbeen mentioned before (I. 112. 14.)asafavourite of the Asvins. Professor\nLudwigpointsoutthat,toaccord withwhatissaidinIV. 42. 8.,thereading\nns ih to ou sl id stb ae ndT ir na gs fa od ra ts hy eum\ndu;\nal‘y nie tow $eh to he.gav Te heTr Pa is la rd ua ssyu ont eo ot fhe thP eUru As r, y’ anth te riv be er sb\n.\nSee Index.\n4 Beyond the churl.'passing bytheniggard whooffersno oblations, and\nlootingkindly ©nthe Ipbrificeofthelivingmanordevoutworshipper. The\nWordaratimapparently=drdtim.\n5 Speeding\n:\nreferringtoDadhikr&sseeking fameandbooty.\n6 Makinghimagarland ofthechariotsthatsurroundhim. /\nyi7 kshA um ,i pd eot ph le e,sw mi aft yly bp ere us ns di en rg st; oot dh *etexthasno substantive : smdsu,hosts, or"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 439,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN THE RWVEDA.\n3\n10 Dadhikras hath o^rspread the Fivefold People withvigour, as\nthe Sun lightens the waters.\nMaythestrongSteedwhowinnethhundreds,thousands,requite\nwith sweetness these my words and praises.\nHYMN XXXIX.\nDadhikr&s.\nNow give we praise to Dadhikras the rapid, and mentionin\nour laud the Earth and Heaven.\nMay the Dawns flushing move me to exertion, and bear me\nsafely over every trouble.\n2 I praise the mighty Steed who fills my spirit, the Stallion\n*Dadhikravan rich in bounties,\nWhom, swift of foot and shining bright as Agni, ye, Yaruna\nand Mitra, gave to Purus.\n3 Him who hath honoured, when the flame iskindled at break\nof dawn, the Courser Dadhikr&van,\nHim, of one mind with Varuna and Mitra may Aditi make\nfree from all transgression.\n4 WhenweremembermightyDadhikravanourfoodandstrength,\nthen the blest name of Maruts,\nYaruna, Mitra, we invoke for welfare, and Agni, and the\nthunder-wielding Indra.\n5 Bothsides invoke him as they call on Indra when they stir\nforth and turn to sacrificing.\nTous have Yaruna and Mitragranted the Courser Dadhikras,\na guide for mortals.\n6 So have I glorified with praise strong Dadhikravan, conquer-\ning Steed.\nSweet may he make our mouths may he prolong the,dayswe\nj\nhave to live.\nHYMN\nXL. Dadhikrdvan.\nLet us recite the praise of Dadhikravan : may all the Morn?\nings move me to exertion\n:\nPraise of the Lord of Waters, Dawn, and Agni, Brihaspati\nSon of Angiras, and Surya.\n2Hadhikrdvan alengthened, interchangeableformof Dadhikras.\n3 Aditi hereamaledeity,probablyAgni.\n5 When theystirforthandturntosacrificing:when,men whoaregoingout\nonaforay, ortobattle,offersacrifices fortheir success. Orthemeaning may\nbe, both thosewho gooutto battle and thosewho remain at home and\nsacrifice.\n6 Smetmayhemake ourmouths : purifyour lipsif we havespoken wick-\nedwords.\n1 1 TheLord * literally, theconqueror, thatis, thewinner,the obtainer."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 440,
            "content": ":\niih THB HYMNS OB IBOOK IV.\n2 Brave, seeking War and booty, dwelling with the good and\nwith the swift, may he hasten the food of Dawn.\nMay he the true, the fleet, the lover ofthe course, the bird-\nlike Dadhikr&van, bring food, strength, and light.\n3 His pinion, rapid runner, fans him on his way, as of a bird\nthat hastens onward to its aim,\nAnd, as it were a falcon's gliding through the air, strikes\nDadhikrilvan's side as he speeds on with might.\n4 Bound by the neck and by the flanks and by the mouth, the\nvigorous Courser lends new swiftness to his speed.\nDrawing himself together, as his strength allows, Dadhikr&3\nsprings along the windings of the paths.\n5 The Hansa homed in light, the Yasu in mid-air, the priest\nbeside the altar, in the house the guest,\nDw, eller in noblest place, mid men, in truth, in sky, born of\nflood, kine, truth, mountain, he is holy Law.\nHYMN XLT. Indra-Vanina,\nWhat laud, 0 Indra-Varuna, with oblation, hath like the\nImmortal Priest obtained your favour?\nHath our effectual laud, addi*essed with homage, touched you,\n0 Indra-Varuna, in spirit1\n2 Ho who with dainty food hath won you, Indra and Varuria,\nGods, as his allies to friendship,\nSlayeth the Vritras and his foes in battles, and through your\nmighty favours is made famous.\n2 Hasten thefoodo—f Dawn : *accept the (sacrificial)food atthe timeof\nthe desirable dawn/ Wilson. This line is difficult, and the meaningis\nsomewhatobscure.\n; 4 Lends new swiftness to his speed I adopt S&yana’s interpretation,\ntvarah/ati gantum , Prof. Eggelingtranslatesmoreliterally‘speedethafterthe\nwhip* (Satapatha-Br&hmana,V. 1. 5. 19).\n5 In thisstanza Dadbikr&s is identified with the eternal Law of the\nuniverse and with all typesor forms of the Supreme Being, He isthe\nHansa,theSwanof heaven, or the Sun, the Vasu in mid-airorthe Wind,\nAgniasthepriestand guestof men. Asthe Sunheisbom from, oramid,\nkineorraysoflightandspringsupfromthecelestialoceanandthemountains\nof cloudbehindwhichherises. SeeProfessorWilson’snote on thepassage.\nThestanzais explainedalsoin Satapatha Br&hmanaVf. 7.3, 11(SacredBooks\nofthe East,XLI. p. 281).\nThe hymn isaddressedto Indra-Varuna, that is, Indra andVaruna, con-\njointly. ’ \\ ’\n1 TheImmortalPriest .* Agni."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 441,
            "content": ":: :\n%rm 44 Tm moved a, dr\n3 Indra and Yaruna are most liberal givers of treasure to the\nmen who toil to serve them,\nWhen they, as Friends inclined to friendship, honoured with\ndainty food, delight.in flowing Soma. ^\nA Indra and Yaruna, ye hurl, 0 Mighty, on him your strongest\nflashing bolt ofthunder\nWho treats us ill, the robber and oppressor : measure on him\nyour overwhelming vigour.\n5 0 Indra-Yaruna, be ye the lovers of this my song, as steers\nwho love the milch-cow.\nMilk may it yield us as, gone forth to pasture, the great Cow\npouring out her thousand rivers.\n6 For fertile fields, forworthysons and grandsons, for the Sun's\nbeauty and for steer-like vigour,\nMay Indra-Yaruna with gracious favours work marvels for us\nin the stress of battle.\n7 Foryou, as Princes, for your ancientkindness, good comrades\nof the man who seeks for booty,\nWe choose to us for the dear bond. of friendship, most liberal\nHeroes bringing bliss like parents.\n8 Showing their strength, these hymns for grace, Free-givers !\nhave gone to you, devoted, as to battle.\nFor glory have they gone, as milk to Soma, to Indra-Yaruna\nmy thoughts and praises.\n9 To Indra and to Yaruna, desirous of gaining wealth have\nthese my thoughts proceeded.\nThey have come nigh to you as treasure-lovers, like mares,\nfleet-footed, eager for the glory.\n10 May we ourselves be lords of during riches, of ample suste-\nnance for car and horses.\nSo may the Twain who work with newest succours bring\nyoked teams hitherward to us and riches.\n11 Come with your mighty succours, 0 ye Mighty come, Indra-\n;\nYaruna, to us in battle.\nWhat time the flashing arrows play in combat, *nay we\nthrough you be winners in the contest.\n5 Milkmayityieldns bringusarich reward. Thegreat Cow ofplenty.\n6 Forthe Sun'sbeauty ,* for long life whereinwe may continue toaeethe\ngloryofthesun.\n8 Forglory; to glorifyyou.\n,\n9 Eagerfortheglory ofwinningtheprizeinthechariot-race.\n11 Thehymnisaprayerforaidin acoiningbattle."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 442,
            "content": ": :\nm Tm\nHYMNS OF [BOOK TV.\nHYMN\nXLII. IndraVaruna.\nI am the royal Haler, mine is empire, as mine who sway all\n7 life are all Immortals.\nVa. runa’s will the Gods obey and follow. I am the King of\nmen’smost lofty coyer.\n2 I am King Varuna. Tome were given these first existing\nhigh celestial powers.\nVanina’s will the Gods obey and follow. I am the King of\nmen’s most lofty cover.\n3 I, Varuna am Indra : in their greatness, these the two wide\ndeep fairly-fashioned regions,\nThesethe twoworld-halves have I, evenas Tvashtar knowing\nall beings, joined and held together.\n4 I made to flow the moisture-shedding waters, and set the\nheaven firm in the seat of Order.\nBy Law the Son of Aditi, Law Observer, hath spread abroad\nthe world in threefold measure.\n5 Heroes with noble horses, fain for battle, selected warriors,\n'\ncall on me in combat.\nI Indra Maghavan, excite the conflict I stir the dust, Lord\n;\nof surpassing vigour.\n6 All this I did. The Gods’ own conquering power never im~\npedeth me whom none opposeth.\nWhen lauds and Soma juice have made me joyful, both the\nunbounded regions areaffrighted.\n7 All beings know these deeds of thine thou tellest this unto\n:\nVaruna, thou great Disposer\n!\nThou art renowned as having slain the Vritras. Thou madest\nflow the floods that were obstructed,\n8 Ourfathers then were these, the Seven Bishis, what time the\nson ofDurgahu was captive.\nVarunaaridhissapersessor Indra severallyurgetheirclaimstosuperiority,,\nandthe poetdecidesbetweenthem. Cf. X. 124.\nI Varunaisthespeakerof the first fourstanzas. Men'smostlofty cover\nthe highestheaven.\n3 Indra; allthatIndrarepresents, Prince andKingofall.\nAs Tvashtar:or,astheirgreatartificer.\n4 IntmscatofOrder :intheplaceappointedbyLawortheeternal Order\noftheuniverse. TheSonofAditi : I, Varuna.\n5 Indraisthespeakerofthisand ofthefollowingstanza.\n7 Thepoetspeaks.\n8 Ourfathers the—n were these:*Theseven Fishiswere theprotectors of\nthisour (kingdom).’ Wilson. Themeaningisobscure. Professor G-rassmanh\nbanishes stanzas 8, 9, and10 totheappendixaslate additionstothehymn,\nSSyana says that Purukutsa, sonof Durgaha, beingin captivity, hiswife\npropitiatedtheSevenRishis,whobythefavourofIndraandVarunaobtain-\nedforheraeonnamed Trasadasyu. Forher thewifeof Purukutsa."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 443,
            "content": ": : ;\nEYMN 43.] TEE RIQYEDA.\nFor her they gained by sacrifice Trasadasyu, a demi-god, like\nIhdra, conqueringfoemen,\n9 The spouse of Purukutsa gave oblations to yon, 0 Indra-\nVaruna, with homage. *\nThen unto her ye gave King Trasadasyu, the demi-god, the\nslayer of the foeman.\n10 May we, possessing much, delightin riches, Gods in oblations\nand the kine in pasture\nAnd that Milch-cow who shrinks not from the milking, 0\nIndra-Yaruna, give to us daily.\nHYMN XLIIL\nAsvins,\nWho will hear, who of those who merit worship, which of all\nGodstake pleasure inour homage %\nOn whose heart shall we lay thislaud celestial, rich with fair\nofferings, dearest to Immortals?\n2 Who will be- gracious-? Who will come most quickly of all\nthe Gods-? who will bring bliss most largely?\nWhat car do they call swift with rapid coursers% That which\nkthe Daughter of theSun elected.\n3 So many days do ye comeswiftly hither, as Indra to givehelp\nin stress of battle.\nDescended from the s]cy, divine, strong-pinioned, bywhich of\nall your powers are ye most mighty 1\n4 What is the prayer that we should bringyou,Asvins, whereby\nye come to us when invocated%\nWhether of you confronts e'en great betrayal?. Lovers of\nsweetness, Dasras, help and save us.\nb In the wide space your chariot reacheth heaven, what time it\nturheth hitherfrom the ocean.\nSweets from your sweet shall drop, lovers ofsweetness ! These\nv have they dressedfor you as dainty viands.\n6 Let Sindhu with his wave bedew your horses in fiery glow\n:\nhave the red birds come hither.\nObserved of all was that your rapid going, whereby ye were\nthe Lords of Surya's Daughter.\n7 Whene'er I gratified you here together, your grace was given\nus, 0 ye rich in booty.\nProtect, ye Twain, the singer of your praises\\ to you, N&sa-\ntyas, is my wish directed. *\n10 ThatMilch-cow wealth.\n2 The Daughterof the Sun:S£\\ry&, brideoftheAsvins. SeeI. 116. 17.\n4 Dasras workersofmarvels, mightyones, acommon appellationof the\nAsvins.\n6 Birds: flyingsteeds. Cf . IV. 46. 4.\n29"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 444,
            "content": "—\n:\n450 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IK\nHYMN XLIV.\nAsvins.\nWe will invoke this day your car, far-spreading, 0 Asvins,\neven the gathering of the sunlight,\nCar praisedinhymns, mostample, rich intreasure,fitted with\nseats, the car that beareth Sarya.\n2 Asvins, ye gained thatglory by your Godhead, yeSons of\nHeaven, by your own might and power.\nFood followeth close upon your bright appearing whenstately\nhorses in your chariot draw you.\n3 Who bringeth you to-day for help with offered oblation, or\nwith hymns to drink the juices?\nWho, for the sacrifice’s ancient lover, turneth you hither,\nAsvins, offering homage ?\n,\n4 Borne onyour golden car, ye omnipresent ! come to this sacri-\nfice of ours, N&satyas.\nDrink of the pleasant liquor of the Soma give riches to the\npeople who adoreyou. :\n5 Gome hitherward to us from earth, from heaven, borne on\nyour golden chariot rolling lightly.\nSuffernot other worshippers to stay you here are ye bourid\n:\nby earlierbonds offriendship.\n6 Now forus both, mete out, 0 Wonder-Workers, riches exceed-\ning great withstore of heroes,\nBecause the men have sent you praise, 0 Asvins, and Aja-\nmiJhas come to the laudation.\n7 Whene’er I gratified you here together, your grace was given\nus, 0 ye rich in booty.\nProtect, ye Twain, the singer of your praises to you,\nNasatyas, is my wish directed. :\nHYMN XLY.\nAsvins.\nYondergoes up that light your chariot is yoked that travels\nround upon the summit: of this heaven.\nWithin this car are stored three kindred shares of food, and\na skin filled with meath is rustling aS the fourth.\n1 Thegatheringofthesunlight ProfessorWilsontranslates,afterS&yapa,\ncthe associator of the solar ray/ and observes : *Sangatim goh, is only\nwex hp al tai tn he ed, lag to th ers ia sn ig na tm ea ny di edtd fr oa rm i, st nh oe tbr ei xn pg le ar ini en dt ,o au nn dio tn h, eo tr raa ns ss lo ac ti ia ot nor 1, bo pf urG eo ly;\nconjectural, founded upontheconnectionoftheAsvinswithlightorthesun/\nProfessorGrassmanntranslates:‘derzurMilcheilt/‘whichhastenstothemilk/\n6 Both ; priests andpatrons.Ajamilhas: menoftheRishi’afamily\nTheRishiofthisand theremaininghymnsofthisBookis V&madeva,\n1 Threehinderedshares:sharesofsimilarfood,forboth Asvinsand Sury&,\ntheSkinofmeath beingintendedforearthlybeings,-—Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 445,
            "content": "; : ; :;\nMtTMft 4k] tbs Rmvsm. mi\n2 Forth come your viands rich with store of pleasant meath,\naud cars and horses at the flushing of the dawn,\nStripping the covering from the surrounded gloom, and\nspreading through mid-air bright radiance like the Sun.\n3 Drink of the meath with lips accustomed to the draught\nharness for the meath *s sake the chariot thatye love.\nEefresh the wayye go, refresh the paths with meath ; hither,\n0 Asvins, bring the skin that holds the meath,\n4 The swans ye have are friendly, rich in store of meath, gold-\npinioned, strong to draw, awake at early morn,\nSwimming the flood, exultant, fain for draughts that cheer\nye come like flies to our libations of the meath.\nf> Well knowing solemn rites and rich in meath, the flres sing\nto the morning Asvins at the break of day,\nWhen with pure hands the prudent energetic priest hath\nwith the stones pressed out the Somarich in meath.\n8 The rays advancing nigh, chasing with day thegloom, spread\nthrough the firmament bright radiance like the Sun\nAnd the Sun hmiessing his horses goeth forth ye through\nyour Godlike nature let his paths be known. ;\n7 Devout in thought I have declared, 0 Asvins, your chariot\nwith good steeds, which lastsforever,\nWherewith ye travel swiftly through the regions to the\nprompt worshipper who brings oblation.\nHYMN XL\nVI. Vayu Indra-Viyu.\n.\nDrink the best draught of Soma juice, 0 Vayu, at our holy-\nrites:\nFor thou art he who drinketh first.\n2 Qome, team-drawn, withthy hundred helps, with Indra seated\nin the car,\nV&yu, and drink your fill ofjuice.\n3 May steeds a thousand bring you both, Indra and V&yu,\nhitherward\nTo drink the Soma, to the feast.\n4 For ye, G Indra-V&yu, mountthe golden-seated car that aids\nThe sacrifice, that reaches heaven.\n4 Swans ;the Asvins’cliariot-Steeds.\n6 The raysadvancing nigh Ifollow the interpretation of S&yana who\nsupplies cthe rays’ and*the gloom;*but the exact meaningof thehalf-line\nisuncertain.\n2 DrinkyourJilt the verbisin thedualnumber, Indrabeingincluded."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 446,
            "content": ": :\nm\nTEK fftMNS OF [BOOK IK\n5 On far-refulgent chariot come unto the man who offers gifts:\nCome, Indra-Y&yu, hitherward,\n6 Here* Indra-Vayu, isthe juice; drink it, accordant withthe\nGods,\nWithin the giver's dwelling-place.\n7 Hither, 0 Indra-Vayu, be your journey: here unyoke your\nsteeds,\nHere foryourdraught ofSoma juice.\nHYMN XLYII. V£yu.Indra-V£yu.\nYayu, the bright is offeredthee,best ofthemeathatholyrites.\nCome thou to drink the Soma juice, God, longed-for, on thy\nteam-drawn car.\n2 0 Yayu, thouand Indra are meet drinkers of these Soma-\ndraughts,\nForunto you the drops proceed as waters gather to the vale.\n3 0 Indra-V&yu, mighty Twain, speeding together, Lords of\nStrength,\nCome toour succour with your team, that ye may drink the\nSomajuice.\n4 The longed-for teams which ye possess, 0 Heroes, for the\nworshipper,\nTurn to us, Indra-Yayu, ye to whom the sacrfice is paid.\nHYMN XLYIII. v&yu.\nTaste offerings never tasted yet, as bards enj#oy the foeman's\nwealth.\n0 V&yu, on refulgent car come to the drinking of the juice.\n2 Removingcurses, drawnbyteams,withIndiaseatedbythyside,\n0 Yayu, on refulgent car come to the drinking of the juice.\n3 The two dark treasuries ofwealth that wearall beauties wait\non thee.\n0 V&yu, on refulgent car come to the drinking of the juice.\n1 The bright juice,understood.\n1 Asbardsenjoythefoeman'swealth: vipondrttyoaryah : Sftyanaexplains\nvlpondas ‘like aking whomakeshis enemiestremble/ and rftyo arydh as\n‘ Itb ee is Bt eo rw nsw pe ra il et ssh du ep son Frt ohe mmwo er nsh Gip up te /r. c’ MP ar yof te hs eso pr ioG ur sas ms am na ’n sn wt er aa ln ts hla st pe rs o: ut‘gl le ii kc eh\nt ptw w iii ogg uss s, mo ar an ns d ,uc a ak re lr whs o,. r’ o sf hV iwi php pio ec rh .( *vi ap r Ia yh fa o) h lm lia os wy th Pe rm oge fea enn si stie ovi ret ,h Le ur m de wi a in gns ’sp si br ie o nd t th es ri a pn ng re er tes a, n tie ob m na y .rd as n, Td ho er a\n*bards’ arethe inspiredsingersofthe victoriouspartywho sharethebooty\nafterthebattle.\n3 The two darktreasuriesofwealth heavenandearth,notyetilluminated\nbythesun."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 447,
            "content": "—\n: : :;\nmm\nTR® RTGVBBA.\nsq.i\n4 May ninc-and-nmety harnessed steeds who yoke them at thy\nwill bring thee,\nO Vayu,onrefulgent oarcome to the drinking oftheJuice,\nt> Harness, 0 Vayu, to thy car a hundred well-fed tawny\nsteeds,\nYea, or a thousand steeds, and let thy chariot come to us\nwith might,\nHYMN XLIX, Indra-Bribaspati.\nBeau Is this offering in your mouth, 0 Indra and Brihaspati\nFamed is the laud, the gladdening draught.\n2 This lovely Soma is effused, O Indraand Brihaspati,\nForyou, to drink itand rejoice,\n3 As Soma-drin—kers to our house come, Indra and Brihaspati\nand Indra to drink Somajuice,\n4 Vouchsafe us riches hundredfold, 0 Indraand Brihaspati,\nWith store of horses, thousandfold.\ni» 0 Indra and Brihaspati, we call you when the meath is shed,\n’ With songs, to drink the Somajuice.\n6 Brink, Indra and Brihaspati, the Soma in the giver’s house\nBelightyourselves abiding there,\nHYMN\nLi. Brihaspati.\nHim who with might hath propped earth’s ends, who sitteth\nin threefold; seat, Brihaspati, with thunder,\nHim of the pleasant tongue have ancient sages, deep-thinking,\nholysingers, setbefore them,\n2 Wild in their course, inwell-marked wise rejoicing were they,\nBrihaspati, who pressed around us.\nPreserve, Brihaspati, the stall uninjured, this company’s rain-\ning, ever-moving birth-place.\n3 AndIndra: thewords indraschaof thetextaremanifestly superfluous.\nIndraandBrihaspaticonjointlyarethe deitiesofstanzas 10 and11, which,\nwith7, 8, and 9, areevidentlyalateadditiontotheoriginalhymn.\n1 Inthreefoldseat heaven, mid-air, andearth. Set beforethem foradora-\ntion orgiventhem theforemostplace in sacrifice.\n;\n% They,.,who pressed aroundus: apparently the Maruts. Thestall: like\nttheboundlessstall7 ofIII. 1. 14, theaerialhomeof theMaruts.\nThis company's: thetexthasonlyasya, ‘ofthis.’ IfollowProfessorLudwig\nin.hisinterpretationofthisverydifficultstanza,and supplyganasya,troopor\ncompany,i.e. ofthe Maruts. According to S&yana, Biihaspatiisaskedto\nprotect theworshipperorinstitutorofthesacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 448,
            "content": ": : :\niU TBE HYMNS OF IBOOK IT;\n3 Bphaspati, from thy remotest distance have they sat dovu\nwho love the law eternal.\nms^\nForthee were dug wells apnng\nmurmuringroun3 about pour streams of sweetness.\n4 Brihaspati, when first he had his beingfrommighty splendour\nin supremest heaven.\nStrong, with his sevenfold month, with noiseofthunder, with\nhis seven rays, blew and dispersed the darkness.\nb With the loud-shouting hand who sang his praises, with\nthunder, he destroyed obstructive Vala.\nBrihaspati thundering drave forth the cattle, the lowing cows\nwho make ablations ready.\n^\n6 Serve we with sacrifices, gifts, and homage even thus the\nSteer ofall the Gods, the Father.\nBrihaspati, may we be lords of riches, with nobleprogeny and\nstore of heroes.\n7 Surely that King by power and might heroic hath made him\n10 lord of all his foes? possessions.\nWho cherishes Brihaspati well-tended,adorns and worships\nhim as foremost sharer.\n8 In his own house he dwells inpeaceand comfort : to him for\n‘ ever holy food flows richly. —\nTohim the people with free will pay homage the King with\nwhomthe Brahman hathprecedence.\n9 He, unopposed, is master of the riches ofhisown- 'subjects\nand of hostile people.\nThe Gods uphold that Kingwith theirprotection whohelps\nthe Brahman when he seekshisfavour.\nIndra, Brihaspati, rainersoftreasure, rejoicing atthis sacrifice\ndrink the Soma.\nLet the abundant drops sink deep within you : vouchsafe us\nriches with full storeofheroes.\n3 Rave they:satdown: probably the Marutsareintended,andnothorses\nas S&yanasays. Wells springing from the mountain: reservoirs of Soma\njuice, pressedoutbythestones,havebeen prepared.\n4 Sevenfoldmouth....,,seven rays:asidentifiedwithAgni.\n5 Obstructive orretentive ; the meaning- of phaligdm is somewhat un-\nsc her ot ua ti in ng;bp ar no dbabl ty h, er Me as re urv to si .r,i.e.holderandwithholderoftherain. Thelou ;d\n10 Rainersoftreasure the meaningof vri&kanvastiisuncertain strong\ndrexcellentasbulls/ accordingto Ludwigand Grassmann. Perhaps; *strong\nwithtreasures/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 449,
            "content": ": ; :\nHYMN 51.] THE RWVEDA, 455\n11 Brihaspati and Indra, make us prosper\n:\nmay this be your\nbenevolence to us-ward.\nAssist our holy thoughts, wake up our spirit weaken the\n:\n' hatred of our foe and rivals; *\nHYMN\nLI. Dawn,\nForth from the darkness in the region eastward this most\nabundant splendid light hath mounted.\nNow verily the far-refulgent Mornings, Daughters of Heaven,\nbring welfare to the people.\n2 The richly-coloured Dawns have mounted eastward, like\npillars planted at our sacrifices,\nAnd, flushing far, splendid and purifying, unbarred the\nportals of the fold of darkness.\n3 Dispelling gloom this day the wealthy Mornings urge liberal\ngivers to present their treasures.\nIn the unlightened depth of darkness round them let niggard\ntraffickers sleep unawakened.\n4 0 Goddesses, is this your car, I ask you, ancient this day, or\nis it new, ye Mornings,\nWherewith, rich Dawns, ye seek with wealth Navagva,\nDasagva Angira, the seven-toned singer1\n5 With horses harnessed by eternal Order, Goddesses, swiftly\nround the worlds ye travel,\nArousing from their rest, 0 Dawns, the sleeping, and all that\nlives, man, bird, and beast, to motion.\n6 Which amongthese is eldest, and where is she through whom\nthey fixed the Ribhus’ regulations1\nWhat time thesplendid Dawns go forth for splendour, they\nare not known apart, alike, unwasting.\n*\n7 Blest were these Dawns of old, shining with succour, true\nwith the truth that springs from holy Order;\nWith whom the toiling worshipper, by praises, hymning and\nlauding, soon attained to riches.\n3 Niggardtraffickers:wealthychurlswhoofferno sacrifices.\n4 Navagva Dasagva individualmembersoftheso-namedmythicalpriestly\nfamilies whic,h are frequently associated with the*Angirases. Angiva: a\nmemberof the familyofAngiras. Seven4oned literally, *seven-mouthed/\nusingin his hymnsthe sevenmetres of the Veda, or repeating hymnsof\nsevenkinds.\n6 The Ribhus' regulations the seasonsof the year, the RibhUs being\ncosmicpowersandclosely connectedwiththe Ritas."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 450,
            "content": "; : : ;\nm\nTHEHYMNS OF [BOOK in\n8 Hither from eastward all at once they travel, from one place\nspreading in the self-same manner.\nAwaking, from the seat of holy Order the Godlike Dawns\ncome nigh like troops of cattle.\n9 Thus they go forth with undiminished colours, these Morn-\nings similar, in self-same fashion,\nConcealingthe giganticmightof darkness withradiant bodies\nbright and pure and shining.\n10 0 Goddesses, 0 Heaven’s refulgent Daughters, bestow upon\nus wealth with store of children.\nAs from our pleasant place of rest we rouse us may we be\nmasters of heroic vigour.\n11 Well-skilled in lore of sacrifice, ye Daughters of Heaven,\nrefulgent Dawns, I thus address you.\nMay we beglorious among thepeople. May Heaven vouchsafe\nus this, and Earth the Goddess.\nHYMN\nLTI. Dawn.\n4 This Lady, giver of delight, after her Sister shining forth,\nDaughter of Heaven, hath shown herself.\n2 Unfailing, Motherof theKine, in colourlikeabright redmare,\nThe Dawn became the Asvins’ Friend.\n3 Yea, and thou art the Asvins’ Friend, the Mother of the Kine\nart thou\n0 Dawn, thou rulest over wealth.\n4 Thinking of thee, 0 Joyous One, asherwhodrivethhateaway,\nWe woke to meet thee with our lauds.\n5 Our eyes behold thy blessed rays like troops of cattle loosed\nto feed.\nDawn hath filled full the wide expanse.\n6 When thou hastfilled it, Fulgent One ! thou layest bare the\ngloom with light.\nAfter thy natureaid us, Dawn.\n7 Thou overspreadestheaven with rays, the dear wide region of\nmid-air\nWith thy bright shining lustre, Dawn. .\n8 Liketroopsofcattle: goingforthtopastureatday-break.\nI Afterher Sister whenNighthasdeparted.\n3 TheJLine theearly rays oflight,or fleecycloudsof morning. Friend\noftheAsvins: as-being worshippedatthesametime,\n4 Drivethhateaway especlalythemalignityoftheevilspiritsofthenights"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 451,
            "content": ";: : :\nJEYME 54.} TEE R1GVEDA m-\n.\nHYMN\nLIII. Savior.\nOf Savitar the God, the sapient Asura, we crave this great\ngift which is worthy of our choice,\nWherewith he freely grants his worshipper defence.# This with\nhis rays the Great God hath vouchsafed to us.\n2 Sustainer of the heaven, Lord of the whole world’s life, the\nSage, he putteth on his golden-coloured maxi.\nClear-sighted, spreading far, filling the spacious realm, Savitar\nhath brought forth bliss that deserveth laud.\n3 He hath filled full the regions of the heaven and earth the\nGod for his own strengthening waketh up the hymn. :\nSavitar hath stretched out his arms to cherish life, producing\nwith his rays and lulling all that moves.\n4 Lighting all living creatures, ne’er to be deceived, Savitar,\nGod, protects each holy ordinance.\nHe hath stretched out his arms to all the folk of earth, and,\nwith his laws observed, rules his own mighty cotxrse.\n5 Savitar thrice surrounding with his mightiness mid-air, three\nregions, and the triple sphere of light,\nSets,the three heavens in motion and the threefold earth, and\nwillingly protects us with his triple law.\n6 Most gracious God, who brings to life and lulls to rest, he\nMaw yho heco vn ot ur col hs sat fh ee uswo sr hl ed l, tew rh ,a —t Sam vo iv tae rs tn ho et Ga odn ,d —wh fa ort trm ao nv qe us i,\nl\nlife, with triple bar against distress.\n7 With the yeai*’s seasons hath Savitar, God, come nigh may\n:\nhe prosper our home, give food and noble sons.\nMay be invigorate us through the days and nights, and may\nhe send us opulence with pi’ogeny.\nHYMN\nLIY. Savitar.\nNow must we praise and honour Savitar the God : at this\ntime of the day the men mnst call to him,\nHim who distributes wealth to Manu’s progeny, that he may\ngrant us here riches most excellent.\n2 For thon at first producest for the holy Gods the noblest of\nall portions, immortality\nThei’eafter as a gift tomen, 0 Savitar, thou openestexistence,\nlife succeeding life.\n1 Savitar the Sunasthegreatvivifier,generator, andproducer.\n3 Lulling thewordinthetext,nivesdyan,means *bringingtorest.* S&yana\nexplainsitby ‘establishingintheirseveral duties.’ -\n5 Triplelaw accordingtoS&yana, hisfunctions asdistributerOfheat,rain,\nandcold. Threeheavens; seeI. 105. 5,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 452,
            "content": ": : : :\n458 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IK\n3 If we, men as we are, have sinnedagainst the Gods through\nwant of thought, in weakness, or through insolence,\nAbsolve us from the guilt and make us free from sin,\n0 Savitar, alike among both Gods and men.\n4 None may impede that powerof Savitar the God whereby he\nwill maintain the universal world.\nWhat the fair-fingered God brings forth on earth's expanse or\nin the height of heaven, that work of his stands sure.\n5 To lofty hills thou sendest those whom Indra leads, and\ngivestfixed abodes with houses unto these.\nHowever they may fly and draw themselves apart, still,\nSavitar, they stand obeying thy behest.\n6 Maythe libations poured to thee thrice daily, day after day,\n0 Savitar, bring us blessing.\nMay Indra, Heaven, Earth, Sindhu with the Waters, Aditi\nwith Adityas, give us shelter,\nHYMN\nLV. Visvedevas.\nWho of you, Vasus, savetb? who protecteth? 0 Heaven and\nEarth and Aditi, preserve us,\nYanina, Mitra, from the strongermortal. Gods, whichofyou\nat sacrificegiveth comfort?\n2 They who with laud extol the ancient statutes, when they\nshine forth infallible dividers,\nHave ordered as perpetual Ordainers, and beamed as holy-\nthoughted Wonder-Workers.\n3 The Housewife Goddess, Aditi, andSindhu, the GoddessSvasti\n1 implore for friendship :\nAnd may the unobstructed Night and Morning both, day and\nnight, provide for our protection,\n4 Aryaman, Yaruna have disclosedthe pathway, AgniasLord of\nStrength the road to welfare.\nLauded in manlymodemayIndra-Vishnugrantustheirpower-\nful defence and shelter,\n5 Toloftyhills ‘Thouelevatestthose, ofwhom Indra is chief, abovethe\nvast clouds : for these, (thy worshippers), thou providest dwelling (places)\nfilled with habitations.’—Wilson. ‘The difficulties in connection withthis\nverse arevery great, and perhap -Vt— ’ \"ays Professor Peterson, in\nSw ah no ss ke riH ty sm tn uds ef nr to wm ilt lhe finK dig av fe ud la lst! atementof' thI e1 sedS ie fr fi ice us l, tiN eo s,. aX nX dX thV eI. i) ntt eh re\n-\npretations proposedbyS&yaua and by Europeanscholars, not oneof Which\nisconvincing,\n2 They thedeitiesoflight *dividers* asseparatingdayfromnight, and\n*£)rdamerstasfixingandregul; atingtheyearandtheseasons.\n3 HousewifeGoddess asbeingthemotheroftheGods. Svasti Prosperity*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 453,
            "content": ": :: ; : :: : ;\nBYMN W.] TEE RIGVEDA 459\n.\n5 I have besoughtthefavouroftheMaruts, ofParvata, ofBhaga\nGod who rescues.\nFrom trouble caused by man the Lord preserve us from woo\n;\nsent by his friend let Mitra save us. *\n6 Agree, throughtheseour wateryoblations, Goddesses, Heaven\nand Earth, with Ahibudhnya.\nAs if to win the sea, the Gharma-heaters have opened, asthey\ncome anear, the rivers.\n7 May Goddess Aditi with Gods defend us, save us the savkmr\nGod with care unceasing.\n10 We dare not stint the sacred food of Mitra and Varuna upon\ntheback of Agni.\n8 Agni is Sovran Lord of wealth, Agni of great prosperity ;\nMay he bestow these gifts on us.\n9 Hither to us, rich pleasant Dawn, bring many things to he\ndesired,\nThou who hast ample store of wealth.\nSo then may Bhaga, Savitar, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman, Indra,\nwith bounty come to us.\nHYMN\nLVI. Heavenand Earth.\nMay mighty Heaven and Earth, most meet for honour, be\npresent here with light and gleaming splendours\nWhen, fixing them apart, vast, most extensive, the Steer roars\nloudly in far-reaching courses.\n2 The Goddesses with Gods, holy with holy, the Two stand pour-\ning out their rain, exhaustless\nFaithful and guileless, having Gods for children, leaders of\nsacrifice with shining splendours.\n5 The Lord Varuna. Sent byhis Friend Varuna, asthegreatchastiserof\nmen. Professor Roth, whom Professor Grassmann follows, takesjanydt to\nmeancausedbystrangers, andmitriydl causedbyfriends.\n6 Thisstanzais difficultandits meaning is obscure. Thewordsdpyebhir\nishtaih ‘through watery oblations/ are rendered by Professor Grassmann,\n‘nebsfc,den erwunschten Wasaergottern/ ‘together with the wished-for\nWater-Gods.’ Ahibudhnya the Dragonof the Deep,isadivinebeingwho\nd ww ie nll ts hei sn eath .*e asd ie fp wt ih ss ho if ngth toe go ac ie nan tho ef oa ci er a. noC ff abI. un1 d8 a8. nt5 w; eI aI l. th31 .. T6, he. Od hs ai rf mato\nheaters the priests who prepare the oblation of hot milkorotherhot\nbeveragewhichis offeredespeciallytotheAsvins. Or Gharmamaymeanthe\nc asald Pr ro on feo sr sov res Ls uel dwi in gwh ei xc ph lat ih ne sio tb ,la tt hi ao tn ti hs ebo pi rl ie ed s. ts,T sh ace rim fie ca in ngi ,ng ans dee hm ys mto nib ne g,\nleaddown towardsthemselvestheriversoftheoceanofplenty,\n7 Thesaviour God Indra. UponthebackofAgni pouredupontheflames,\n1 TheSteer accordingto S4yana, ParjanyatheGod ofrain-clouds.\n2 Pouring out theirrain; bestowinggoodgifts."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 454,
            "content": "460 TffM HYMNS OF [BOOKIK\n3 Sure intheworldshewasaskilful Craftsman,he who produced\nthese Twain the Earth and Heaven.\nWise, withhispowerhebroughtbothrealmstogether,spacious\nand deep, well-fashioned, unsupported.\n4 0 Heaven and Earth, with one accord promoting, with high\nprotection as of Queens, our welfare,\nFar-reaching, universal, holy, guardus. May we, car-borne,\nthrough song be victors ever.\n5 Toboth ofyou, 0 Heaven and Earth, webring our lofty song\nof praise,\nPure Ones to glorify you both.\n!\n6 Ye sanctify each other’s form, by your own proper might\nye rule,\nAnd from of old observe the Law.\n7 Furthering and fulfilling, ye, 0 Mighty, perfect Mitra’s Law.\nYe sit around our sacrifice.\nHYMN LVII. Kghetrapati, Etc.\nWe through the Field, even as through a\n-\nfriend, obtain\nWhat nourisheth ourkine and steeds. In such may he be\ngood to us.\n2 As the cowyieldeth milk, pour for usfreely, Lord of theField,\nthe wave that beareth sweetness,\nDistilling meath, well-purified like butter, and let the Lords\nof holy Law be gracious.\nr3 Sweet be the plants for us, the heavens, the waters, and full\nof sweets for us be air’s mid-region.\nMay the Field’s Lord for us be full of sweetness, and may we\nfollow after him uninjured.\n4 Happily work our steers and men, may the plough furrow\nhappily.\nHappily be the traces bound happily may he ply the goad.-\n;\n'4 -4s of Queens: Xfollowwith somehesitation ProfessorLudwig’s inter-\npretationofpatntvadbhir. Professor Wilson, following S&yapa, translates,\nwithourspaciousdwellings, inhabitedbyourwives.'\n6 These threeconcludingversesforminrealityanotherhymn.\nInthishymnvariousagricultural personifications are addressed,the deity\nofthe first three stanzas beingcalled Kshetrapati, of thefourth £Lma vof\nthefifth and eighth Bun&sira, ofthesixth and seventh SitiL ‘Itissaidin\ntheQ-rihyaSfitrasthat eachverseistohes—ilently repeated, withanoblation\ntofire, at thecommencementofploughing.’ Wilson.\n1 The Masterof theField; Fshetrapati, thepopular GeniusLoci, saidto\nmeaneitherPudraorAgni,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 455,
            "content": ":\nMrMS 584 THE KIGVED A. ml\n5 Suna and Sira, welcome ye this laud, and withthe milkwhich\nye have made in heaven\nBedew ye both this earth of ours.\n6 Auspicious Sit&,comethounear wevenerateandworshipthee\n:\nThat thou mayst bless and prosper us and bring us fruits\nabundantly.\n7 May Indra press the furrow down, may Pushan guide its\ncourse aright.\n5 May she, as rich in milk, be drained for us through each\nsucceedingyear.\n8 Happily letthe shares turn up the ploughland, happily gothe\nploughers with the oxen.\nWith meath and milk Parjanya make us happy. Grant us\nprosperity, Suna and Sira,\nHYMN\nLVIII. Ghnta.\nForth fromthe ocean sprang the wave of sweetness together\n:\nwith the stalk it turned to Amrit,\nThat which is holy oiks mysterioustitle : but the Gods*tongue\nis truly Amrit’s centre.\nSunaandSira: twodeities ordeified objectswhoblessorarecloselycon-\nnectedwith agriculture. According1to Yaska. Suna (th©auspioious) isV&yu,\nand Sira '.pi is A.lirya orthe Sun ProfessorRoth conjecturesthatthe\nwordsmean hero, plonjrh.diiin?and plough. ProfessorGrassmann translates\nf0 Pflugund Lenker/ ‘plough and ploughman.’ ;\n6 Sltrt the Furrow or Husbandrypersonified andaddressed asadeity\ninaftertimetheheroineoftheRam&yana. ;\n7 indra ; asthe God whosendsthenecessaryrain, Indraisprayedtobless\nthework—by pressingdownand deepeningthefurrow. ‘MayIndra takehold\nof SUd' Wilson. Mayshe, asrichinmilk : according to the Scholiast, sX,\nshe, heremeans thesky.\nThehymnis in praiseof Qhrita. theclarifiedbutteroroilusedin sacrifices,\nbutachoiceofdeitiesisofferedin the Index—Agni or Surya, Waters, Cows,\nor Ghrita. It is, as ProfessorWilson observes, tagood specimen of Yaidik\nvagueness, and mystification, and ofthestraitstowhichcommentatorsareput\nto extractanintelligible meaningfromthetext,’\n1 It would be* fruitless, as Professor Ludwigremarks, torepeat allthe\nvariousexplanationswhichS&yanagivesof the first line ofthisstanza : they\nonlyshowtheutteruncertainty oftraditioninreferencetothepassage, For\ni tn hs eta fn ic re, mas ma em nu tdra o, ro tc he ean u, di ds es rai od fto thm eea cn o, wsac ari nf dici da rl mif ,ire wa; vo er\n,\nc mel ae ysti aa cl cof ri dre in; glo yr\nmean-reward o; r rain orbutter. Professo; r Ludwigthinksthatthe sense:of\nthestanza ma;ybe : t; helife-giving essencewhich developsitself outofthe\nworld-oceanturns into Soma,in theMoon,butitis neitherofthesetwo,but\nthetongueofthe Gods(Agni?) fromwhichthe Amritproceeds and towhich\nitreturns. ButseeA. Hillebrandt, VedischeMythologie, I. 321, 322."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 456,
            "content": ":::\nm m\nmi bt&m op [moK\n2 Let us declare aloud the name of Ghiita* and at this sacrifice\nhold it up withhomage.\nSo let/the Brahmaii hear the praise We utter. This hath the\nfour-horned Buffalo emitted.\n*3 Fourare his horns, three are thefeet that bearhim hisheads\n;\nare two, his handsare seven in number.\nBound with a triple bond the Steer roars loudly the mighty\n:\nGod hath entered in to mortals.\n4 That oil in triple shape the Gods discovered laid down within\nthe Cow, concealed by Panis.\n3 Indraproducedoneshape, Sflryaanother : by their own power\nthey formed the third from Vena.\n5 From inmost reservoir in countless channels flow down these\nrivers which the foe beholds not.\nI lookuponthestreamsof oildescending, andlo! the Golden\nReed is there among them.\n6 Like rivers our libations flow together, cleansing themselves\nin inmost heart and spirit.\nThe Brahman according to Mahldhara, the ritvijor priest. Probably\nAgniismeant. The lasthalf-line ofthe stanzais translated, afterS&yana,\nby Professor Wilson: ‘the fair-complexioned deityperfects thisrite/ the\nepithet*four-horned5 being transferred to ‘Brahman.* The God maybe\ncalleda buffalo(gaurd, Bos Gaums)asatypeofextraordinarystrength.Mahl-\ndharaexplainsgaurdbyyctjna,sacrifice, havingfour horns, thatis, four offi-\nciatingpriests.\nFourarehishorns: thefourhornsofAgniasidentified withsacrificeare\nsaidbyS&yanatobethefourVedas, and, ifidentified withAditya, thefour\ncardinalpoints Thethreefeetare,intheformercase, thethree daily sacri-\nfices,inthelatter, morning,noon, andevening. The two heads are, in the\nformer case, the Brahmaudana and thePravargyaceremonies,inthelatter,\ndayandnight. Similarly, thesevenhandsareexplained, alternatively, as the\nseven metresoftheVedaortheseven rays of the Sun and the triple bond\na ts heth Ve edM aa ,nt orra t, heKa tl hp ra ee, a rn egd ioB nsr ,dh hem aa vn ea n,, p fr ia ry me ar m, enc te ,re am no dn; i ea al r, tha .nd Tr hat eio Sn ta el ee r, io sf\n,\neitherassacrificeorAditya,thepourerdownof rewards, and the loud roar-\ning is the sound of the repetition of the texts of the Veda. Mahidharas\nexplanationdiffersfromthatofSayana. Thefourhornsarepriests ornouns,\nv se er cb os n, d,pr ae np dosi tt hi io rn ds, pea rn sd onsp ,art oi rcl te hs e; pt ah se t,th pr ree se enf te ,et aa nr de ft uh te urV eed ta es n, seo s; rt th he efi tr wst o,\nheads are two sacrifices, or the agent and object the seven hand;sare the\nmetres or the cases of the noun ; and the three b; onds are the three daily\nsacrifices,orthesingular,dual,andplural numbers. SeeWilson'snote.\n4 Intripleishape asmilk, curds, and butter, according to S&yaua. The\nmeaning seems to be that Indra, Sfirya,andVena (whoisprobablyAgni),\nrestoredthe powerof the elements of sacrifice respectively in heaven, the\nfirmament,andtheearth,aftertheyhad beenrendered ineffectualforatime\nbythemalignantPanis.\n5 TheGoldenReed CelestialAgni,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 457,
            "content": "j : :\njWYMH 58. the moved a.\nThe streams of holy oil pour swiftly downward like the wild\nbeasts that fly before the bowman.\n7 As rushing down the rapids of a river,- flow swifteri than- the\nwind the vigorous currents,.\nThe streams of oil in swelling fluctuation like a red courser\nbursting through the fences-\n8 Like women at a gathering fair to look on andgently smiling,,\nthey incline to AgnL\nThe streams of holy oil attainthefuel,andJatavedas joyfully\nreceives them.\n9 As maidens deck themselves with gay adornment to join the*\nbridal feast, I now behold them.\nWhere Soma flows and sacrifice isready,, thither the stream#\nof holy oil are running.\n10 Send to our eulogy a herd of cattle ; bestow upon us excellent\npossessions.\nBear to the Gods the sacrifice'weoffer; the streams of oilflow\npure and full of sweetness.\n11 The universe depends upon thy power and might within the\nsea, within the heart* within all life.\nMay we attain that sweetly-flavoured wave of thine, brought*\nat its gathering, o’er the surface of the floods.\n10 Send to oureulogyaherdofcuttle: tinsis S&yanar’sinterpretation. The\nGodsareaddressed, andasked to-reward thesingers.\n11 Thy power: Agni’s. In thesea: in theaerial ocean, the firmament,,in\nwhichAgniispresentaslightning. Within theheart as VaisvAnaia,bekmg-\ningtoall men. Within all life as thevital principle, or heat. The warn\nisthe butterof theoblation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 458,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 459,
            "content": ";\nBOOK THE FIFTH.\nHYMN\nI. Agni.\nAgni is wakened by the people’s fuel to meet the Dawn who\ncometh like a milch-cow.\nLike young treesshooting up onhightheirbranches,hisflatties\nare rising to the vaultof heaven.\n2 For worship of the Gods the Priest was wakened : atmorning\ngracious Agni hath arisen.\nKindled, his radiant might is made apparent, and the great\nDeity set free from darkness,\n3 When he hath stirred the lineof hisattendants, with the pure\nmilk pure Agni is anointed.\nThe strength-bestowing gift is then made ready, which spread\nin front, with tongues, erect, he drinketh,\n4 The spirits of the pious turn together to Agni, as the eyes of\nallto Surya.\nHe,when both Dawnsof differenthueshavebornehim,springs\nup at daybreak as a strong white charger!\n5 The noble One was born at days’ beginning, laid red in colour\nmid the well-laid fuel.\nYielding in every house his seven rich treasures, Agni is seat-\ned, Priest most skilled in worship.\n6 Agni hath sat Jiim down, a Priest most skilful, on a sweet-\nsmelling place, his Mother’s bosom.\nYoung, faithful, sage, preeminent o’er many, kindled among\nthe folk whom he sustaineth.\n7 This Singer excellentatsacrifices, AgnithePriest, they glorify\nwith homage.\nHim who spread out both worlds by Law Eternal they balm\nwith oil, strong Steed who never faileth.\n1 Youngtrees; themeaningof yahvdh’ hereisuncertain. *Likebirds (?)\nflyingup (orlikestrongmenreaching up) toabranch’ (M.Midler).\n3 Theline of hisattendants: the row imr priests, thepeopleof\nst, 1. Butthe exactmeaningof thev. • i is uncertain. *\n& To SHrya: totheSun. BothDawns : Nightand Morning.\n5 Berearich treasures: wealthof varioussorts.\nQ MisMother'sbosom the altarraisedabovethe ground.\n30"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 460,
            "content": ":\n466 HUE HtMffl OF [BOOK T*\n8 He, worshipful House-Friend, in his home is worshipped, our\nown auspicious guest, lauded by sages.\nThat strength the Bull with thousand horns possesses.\nIn might, 0 Agni, thou excellest others.\n9 Thou quickly passest by all others, Agni, for him to whom\n‘ ‘ thou hast appeared most lovely,\nWondrously fair, adorable, effulgent, the guest of men, the\ndarling of the people.\n10 To thee, Most Youthful God ! to thee, 0 Agni, from near and\nfarthe people bring their tribute.\nMark well the prayer of him who best extols thee. Great,\n,, -\nhigh, auspicious, Agni, is thy shelter.\n11 Ascend to-day thy splendid car, 0Agni, in splendour, withthe\nHoly Ones around it.\nKnowing the paths by mid-air’s spacious region bring hither\nGods to feast on our oblation.\n12 To him adorable, sage, strong and mighty we have sung forth\n.\noursong of praise and homage.\nGavishfehir&hathraisedwithprayer toAgni thislaudfar-reach-\ning, like gold light to heaven.\nHYMN\nII. Agni.\nThe youthful*Mother keeps the Boy in secret pressed to her\nclose, nor yields him to the Father.\nBut, when he lies upon the arm, the people see his unfading-\ncountenance before them.\n2 What child is this thouearnestashandmaid, 0Youthful One ?\nThe Consort-Queenhath borne him.\nThe Babe unborn increased through many autumns. 4 I saw\nhim born what time his Mother bare him.\n3 I saw him from afar gold-toothed, bright-coloured, hurling\nhis weapons from his habitation,\n8 TheBuMwiththousandhorns AgniastheSunwithhiscountlessrays.\n1 Thekindlingof thesacrificial fire is figuratively described. Thelower\npieceof woodretains thelatentsparkandwillnotgive ituptotheyajamdna\norworshipperuntilhehasgenerateditby attrition. Whenthefirehas been\nproduced, andis shownlikeachild thatis carriedon the arm, itsbrightness\nisapparenttoall. This seemstobethemeaningofthe stanza buttoarrive\natitaratnatimustbereadinsteadof thearatatiofthetext an;dthisorsome\nsimilaralterationisrequiredbythemetre. ButseeLudwig’; s Commentary.\n2 Themeaningisobscure. Thehandmaidandthe Consort-Queen(mdhisht)\nare perhaps the two fire-sticks. The fire thus producedisnotthegenuine\nAgni, whoisbornaslightningfromthecloud.\n3 Iofferedsweetlibationsof SomajuicetoAgniwhen I beheldhim.in the\nformof lightning,and consequentlythegodlesswhodonotacknowledgeIndra\nareunabletoinjureme. > •"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 461,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 2.] . ~ THE RMYEDA. 'i&X\nWbat time1 T gave him Amrit free from mixture. How can\nthe Indraless, the hymnless harm me %\n4 I saw him moving from the place he dwells in, even with a\nherd, brilliantly shining.\nThese seized him not he had been born already. They who\n:\nwere grey with age again grow youthful.\n5 Who separate my young bullfrom the cattle, they whose pro-\ntector was in truth no stranger?\nLet those whosehandshaveseized uponthemfree them. Maj\nhe, observant, drive the herd to ns-ward.\n6 Mid mortal men the godless havesecreted theKing of all who\nlive, home of the people.\nSo may the prayers of Atrigive him freedom. Reproached in\nturn be those who now reproach him.\n7 Thou from the stake didst loose e’en Sunahsepa bound.for a\nthousand for he prayed with fervour.\nSo, Agni, loo; se from us the bondsthat bind us, when thou art\nseated here, 0 Priest who knowest.\n8 Thou hast sped from me, Agni, inthine anger thisthe protec-\n:\ntor of Gods’ Laws hath told me.\nIndra who knoweth bent his eye upon thee : byhiminstructed\ncome, 0 Agni,\n9 Agni shines far and wide with lofty splendour, and by his\n/ greatness makes all things apparent.\ntie conquers godless and malign enchantments, and sharpens\nboth his horns to gore the Rakshas.\n|\n4 Evenaswithaherd Agniishererepresented asthe SunwithhishoBtof\nrays. Theseseizedhimnot the Dawns could notdetain him : the Sun was\ntoo powerful. But the meaning of t&K, 4these/ without a substantive, is\ns c Do ao v wm e ne r sw ,th ha e tt i hru en yc yoe or u ut t ta hi hn fa. un ldT Mh ase itr dy e enx ngo sh t ,o h.w ge rr oOe wrgr t de h ey ce r* eh pt a ih tle .f ’-a ln inc Tei he imn st ayf isla bm Pee rs or fo eef sn sdt oeh rre e Ld u:S du wn i' glre h- •e\ninterpretation, andithas muchtorecommendit,\n5 This stanzais extremelyobscure. Itmayrefertosomeactualoccurrence\ntowhichamythicalcolouringhas beenadded. 4Whatenemieshavedespoiled\nmykingdom ?* is S&yana’sexplanation of thefirsthalf-line.\n0 Thisstanzaappearstorefertosomecontention between thedescendants\no wf igAi tr h! ina ksn ,d rs eo gm ae r—do it nh ge tr hp eri we ost rl sy hif pam oi fly A, gp ne ir .hap Hs ot mh eeB oh fri tg heus, pea os plP er :of Aes gs mor ;Du td h-\ne\nasylumof men/ Wilson.\nc fo olw7 ls oS wiu n en doa rh bds yee rp Pa t r: h oa fts ee she se orI m. si2 g W4 h i. t lsb oB e no ,bu o Rn oud tn hdf ,o tr o ana t dhet Gh rso aau c ss r sia mfn i ad c ni; a nl ,b po ou ts ag t kh . et sS sfo A ar y haa an sat r,h do w du h ys o Ua pn id Ms\ntogether, *fromathousandstakes/\n9 Rakshas: a collective noun signifying the whole raceof Rftkshasw ;\noriginally, harm, injury."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 462,
            "content": ":: : : :: ; :\n468 THE HYMNS OF [BOOH V.\n10 Loud in theheaven above be Agni’s roarings with keen-edged\nweapons to destroy the demons.\nForth. burst his splendours in the Soma’s rapture. Thegodless\nbands press round but cannot stay him.\n11 As a skilled craftsman makes a car, a singer I, Mighty One !\nthis hymn for thee have fashioned.\nIf thou, 0 Agni, God, accept itgladly, may we obtain thereby\nthe heavenly Waters.\n12 May he, the strong-necked Steer, waxing in vigour, gather the\nfoeman’s wealth with none to check him.\n.. Thus to this xAgni have the Immortals spoken. To man who\nspreads the grass may he grant shelter, grant shelter to the\nman who brings oblation.*\nHYMN\nIII. Agni.\nThou at thy birth artYaruna, 0 Agni whenthou artkindled\n;\nthou becomest Mitra.\n, Inthee, 0 Son of Strength, all Gods are centred. Indra art\nthou to man who brings oblation.\n,\n2 Aryaman art thou as regardeth maidens : mysterious is thy\nname, 0 Self-sustainer.\nAsa kind friend with streams of milk they balm thee what\ntime thou makest wife and lord one-minded.\n,\n3 The Maruts deck their beauty for thy glory,yea, Budra ! for\nthy birth fair, brightly-coloured. —\nThat which was fixed as Vishnu’s loftiest station therewith\nthe secret of the Cows thou guardest.\n4 Godsthroughthyglory, Godwhoartsolovely grantingabund-\n!\nant gifts gained life immortal,\nAs their own Priest havemenestablished Agni and serve him\n, fain for praise from him who liveth. ;\n1 Varum regarded as the type of royalty. Mitra the friendly, bene-\nficentGod. Indra : thechiefofallthe Gods,\n2 Aryaman inconnexion with,marriage aryamdn meaning alsoacom-\npanion,especially afriendwhoasksagirlin m; arriagefor another, and Agni\nbeing, asthe,Sun, theregulatorofthe seasonformarriage,and itsconsecrator\nas thesacrificialfire. *\n3 Hudra here, asinotherplaces, anameofAgni.\nVishnu'sloftieststation theheightofthefirmament, whichsuppliesmilkto\nthecelestial Cows, and, asmysteriously connected wit —hthem,to—thecowsof\nearth. Thesecret oftheCows apparently, theirudder the cloud is meant\nbygiXhyamn$magdndtn, *thecows’secretname.’\n„ ,4 Gainedlife immortal Agni alone, itissaid, was originallyimmortal, and\ntheother Godsobtainedimmortalitythroughhini.v\nFromhimwholiveth Agni, thespecialrepresentautofvitalpower. *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 463,
            "content": ":: :\nm\nQT&Wft\nt] 1T&&ttlQV&DJL.\nThere is no priest more skilled than thou in worship noiie\n;\nSelf-sustainer passes thee in wisdom.\nThe man within! whose house as guest thou dwellest, 0 God,\nby sacrifice shall conquer mortals.\n6 Aided by thee, 0 Agni may we conquer through our oblation,\nfain for wealth, awakened\nMay we in battle, inthe days’ assemblies, 0 Son of Strength,\nby riches conquer mortals,\n7 He shall bring evilonthe evil-plotter whoeverturns against us\nsin and outrage.\nDestroy this calumny ofhim, 0 Agni, whoeverinjures uswith\ndouble-dealing.\n8 At this dawn’s hushing, God our ancient fathers served thee\n!\nwith offerings, making thee their envoy,\nWhen, Agni, to thestoreof wealth thougoest, aGodenkindled\nwith good things by mortals,\n9 Save, thouwhoknowest, drawthyfathernearthee, who counts\nas thine own son, 0 Child of Power.\n0 sapient Agni, when wilt thou regard us? When, skilled in\nholy Law, wilt thou direct ust\n10 Adoring thee he gives thee many a title, when thou,. Good\nLord ! acceptest this as Father.\nAnd doth not Agni, gladinstrengthof Godhead, gain splendid\nbliss when he hath waxen mighty ?\n11 Most Youthful Agni, verily thou bearest thy praiser safely\nover all his troubles.\nThieves have been seen by us and open foemen: unknown\nhave been the plottings of the wicked.\n12 To thee these eulogies have been directed: or to the Vasu\nhath this sin been spoken.\nButthis ourAgni,flaminghigh,shallneveryieldustocalumny,\nto him who wrongs us.\nfi Inthedays1 assemblies gatheringson days appointed forsacrifice.\n8 The store ofwealth; accordingto S&yana, theplace containingtheriches\nof sacrificialofferings.\n9 Thy father; thesacrifices,whosupportsAgniwithoblations, and in his\nturnis loved andcherishedas ason.\n30 Acceptest this; the homageof the worshipper, When he hath waxen,\nmighty: orbeen exaltedby our praise.\n11 Thieves havebeen seen although we have seen thievesand enemieswe\nhavebeensaved by Agnifrom sufferinginjuryfrom theirevildesigns.\n12 Haththissin beenspohen: if my praise he notacceptableto Agni,itis\nanoffenceand asin. Or ''vri: r-.ay be, this sin of our enemies who\nplotagainstushasbeen .v ar..."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 464,
            "content": "!\n470 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK V.\nHYMN\nIV. Agni.\n0 Agni, King and Lord ofwealthand treasures, in thee is my\ndelight at sacrifices.\nThrough thee may we obtain the strength we long for, and\novercome the fierce attacks of mortals.\n2 Agni, Eternal Father, offering-bearer, fair to behold, far~reach~\ning, far-refulgent,\nFrom well-kept household fire beam food to feed us, and mea-\nsure out to us abundant glory.\n3 The Sage of men, the Lord of human races, pure, purifying\nAgni, balmed with butter,\nHim the Omniscient asyourPriestyestablish he wins among\n:\nthe Gods things worth the choosing.\n4 Agni, enjoy, of one accord with I]a, striving in rivalry with\nbeams of Surya,\ni Enjoy, 0 JAtavedas, this our fuel, and bring the Gods to us\nto taste oblations.\np As dear House-Friend, guest welcome in the dwelling, to this\nour sacrifice come thou who knowest.\nAnd, Agni, having scattered all assailants, bring to us the\npossessions of our foernen.\n6 Drive thou away the Dasyu with thy weapon. As, gaining\nvital power for thine own body,\n0 Sonof Strength, the Gods thou satisfiest, so in fight save\nus, most heroic Agni.\n7 May we, 0 Agni, with our lauds adore thee, and with our\ngifts, fair-beaming Purifier\nSend to us wealth containingallthingsprecious : bestowupon\nus every sort of riches.\n8 Son of Strength, Agni, dweller in three regions, accept our\nsacrifice and our oblation.\nAmong the Gods may we be counted pious protect us with\n:\na triply-guarding shelter.\n4 IM : prayerandpraise,personified. WithbeamsofSdrya; puttingforth\nthypoweratday-breakand sovyingwith thesun.\n6 gainingvitalpowerv astheoblationsof men which thou earnest to\nthe Godsincreasethineownstrengthalso. SSyanatakes the second half-line\nin connexion with thefirst: ‘Drive thou away theDasyu with thy weapon,\nobtainingvitalstrength forthineownbody/\n8 Dwetlev in three regions; heaven, firmament1 and earth, as the sun, the\nlightning, andterrestrialfire."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 465,
            "content": ": : : ! !\nE9YMN 1 ] THE MWVEDA .• 471\nt\nOver all woes and dangers, J&tavedas, bear us as in a boat\nacross a river.\nPraised with ourhomage even as Atripraisedthee, 0 Agni, be\nthe guardian of our bodies.\n„\n10 As I, remembering thee withgratefulspirit, amortal, callwith\nmight on thee Immortal,\nVouchsafe us high renown, 0 Jatavedas, and may I be immor-\ntal by my children.\n11 The pious man, 0 J^tavedas Agni, to whom thou grantest\nample room and pleasure,\nGaineth abundant wealth with sons and horses, with heroes\nand with kine for his well-being.\nHYMN\nV. Aprts.\nTo Agni, Jltavedas, to the flame, the well-enkindled God$\nOffer thick sacrificial oil.\n2 He, Nar&sansa, ne’er beguiled, inspiriteth this sacrifice:\nFor sage is he, with sweets in hand.\n3 Adored, 0 Agni, hither bring IndratheWonderful, theFriend,\nOnlightly-rolling car to aid,\n4 Spread thyself out, thou soft as wool The holy hymns have\nI\nsung to thee.\nBringgain to us, 0 beautiful\n5 Open yourselves, ye Doors Divine, easy of access for our aid :\nFill, more and more, the sacrifice*\n6 Fair strengtheners of vital power, young Mothers of eternal\nLaw,\nMorning and Night we supplicate.\n7 On the wind’s flight come, glorified, ye two celestial Priests of\nman\nCome ye to this our sacrifice.\n,S Ija, Sarasvati, Mahi, three Goddesses who bring us weal,\nBe seated harmless on the grass.\n9Atri thefamousRishi,ancestorofVasusrutatheRiahiorseerofthishymn.\nAprtsis thecollectivename of the Gods and deified objectsaddressedin\nthehymn. See I, 33; 142 ; 188 ; IX 3; III. 4.\n4 Thousoftaswool : theBarkis or sacredgrass, on whichtheGodsare\ntosit, isaddressed.\n5 Doors Divme ; ofthe sacrificialhall, typesoftheportals ofthe East. See\nI. 188. 5.\n6 EternalLaw law-ordained sacrifice.\n7 Twocelestial Priests : seeI. 13. 8."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 466,
            "content": "; ::;: :\nm\n9 TEE HYMN8 OF [BOOK F.\nEieh m all plenty, Tvashtar, come auspicious of thine own\naccord\nHelp us in every sacrifice.\n10 Vanaspati, whei’everthouknowestthe Gods’mysteriousnames,\n1 Send ouroblations thitherward.\n11 To Agni and to Varuna, Indra, thTe Maruts, and the Gods,\nWith Svaha be oblation brought.\nHYMIST VI. Agni,\nI value Agni that good Lord, the home to which the kine\nreturn\nWhom fleet-foot coursers seek as home, and strong enduring\nsteeds as home. Bring food to those who sing thy praise.\n2 ’TisAgni whom we laud as good, to whom the milch-kine\ncome in herds,\nTo whom the- chargers swiftof foot, to whom our well-born\nprinces come. Bring food to those who sing thypraise.\n3 Agni the God of all mankind, gives, verily, a steed to man.\nAgni gives precious gear for wealth, treasure he gives when\nhe is pleased. Bring food to those who singth^praise. *.\n4 God, Agni, wTe will kindle thee, rich in thy splendodr, fading\nnot,\nSo that this glorious fuel may send forth by day its light for\nthee. Bring food to those who sing thypraise.\n5 To thee the splendid, Lord of flame, bright, wondrous, Prince\nofmen, isbrought '\nOblation with the holy verse, 0 Agni, bearer of our gifts.\nBring food to those who sing thy praise.\n6 These Agnis in the seats of fire nourish each thing most\nexcellent.\nThey give delight, they spread abroad, they move themselves\ncontinually. Bringfood to those who sing thy praise.\n7 Agni, these brilliant flames of thine wax like strong chargex^s\nmightily,\n10 Vanaspati thesacrificialstake, regarded asaform ofAgni.\n11 Svdhd Hail\n!\nGlory IishereanApr!, asapersonificationofAgni. SeeI.\n1 Strong enduring steeds: or constant worshippers, according toSftyana\nandthis interpretation is supported bystanza 2, which isa slightly-varied\nrepetitionof thisstanza.\n6 TheseAgnis theoriginalflames of Agnimanifested in the three fire-\naltars, each firebeingregarded asanindependentrepresentativeofAgni,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 467,
            "content": "; : ;\nHYMN THti RlGVEBA. 08\n7,]\nWho with the treadings of their hoofs go swiftly to the Stalls\nof kine. Bring food to those who sing thy praise.\n8 To us wholaud thee,Agni, bringfresh foodand safe andhappy\nhomes.\nMay we who have sung hymns to thee have thee fot* envoy\nin each house. Bring food to those who sing thy praise.\n10\n9 Thou, brilliant God, within thy mouth warmest both ladles\nof the oil.\nSo fill us also, in our hymns, abundantly, 0 Lord of Strength.\nBring food tothose who sing thy praise.\nThus Agni have we dulyservedwith sacrificesandwithhymns.\nSo may he give us what we crave, store of brave sons and fleet-\nfoot steeds. Bring food to those who sing thy praise.\nHYMN\nVJI. Agni,\nOffer to Agni, 0 my friends, your seemly food, your seemly\npraise\nTo him ; supremest o’er the folk, the Son of Strength, the\nmighty Lord\n2 Him in whose presence, when they meet in full assembly, men\nrejoice\nEven him whom worthy ones inflame, and living creatures\nbring to life.\n3 When we present to him the food and sacrificial gifts of men,\nHe by the might of splendour graspstheholyOrdinance’srein.\n4 He gives a signal in the night even to him who is afar,\nWhen he, the Bright, unchanged byeld, consumes the sovrans\nof the wood.\n5 He in whose service on the ways they offer up their drops\nof sweat,\nOn him as their high kin have they mounted, as ridges on\nthe earth.\n7 TothestallsofTrine theflames of Agniwholongsfor oblationsofmilk\nandbutterare compared to the horsesofraiderswhoseize thecattleoftheir\nenemies.\nThellishiofthisandofthefollowinghymnissaidtobeIsliaofthefamily\nof Atri. Butthisname appearsto have been formedfrom the word izhayn\n(food) instanza 1, or ishdhin stanza 10, and notto be the nameof a real\nperson. ’\n3 Graspstheholy Ordinance’s rein:assumes the direct^ionofthe sac,rifice\nasinvokerofthe Godsandconveyer ofmen’soblations.\n5 Ontheways: in thecourseofsacrifice. The toiloftheministeringpriests\nisoftenregarded astheir offeringtothe Gods, Onhim; the meaningofthis"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 468,
            "content": ";\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK K\n474\n6 Whom, sought of many, mortal man hath found to be the\nStay of all\nHe who gives; flavour to our food, the home of every man that\nlives*,\n,7 Even as a herdthat crops the grass he shears the field and\nwilderness,\nWith flashing teeth and beard of gold, deft with his unabat-\ned might.\n8 Forhim, to whom,bright as an axe he,asto Atri, hathflashed\n10 forth,\nHath the well-bearing Mother borne, producingwhen her time\nis come.\n9 Agni to whom theoil is $hed by him thou lovest to support,\nBestow upon these mortals fame and splendour and intelli-\ngence.\nSuch zeal hath he, resistless one : he gained the cattle given\nby thee.\nAgni, may Atri overcome the Easyus who bestow nogifts,\nsubduethe men who give no food.\nHYMN\nVIII. Agni.\n0 Agni urged to strength, the men of old who loved theLaw\nenkindled thee, the Ancient, for their aid,\nThee very bright, and holy, nourisherof all, most excellent,\nthe Friend and Master ofthe home.\n2 Thee, Agni, men have stablished as their guest of old, as\nMaster of the household, thee, with hair of flame\nHigh-bannered, multiform, distributer of wealth, kind helper,\ngood protector, drier of the floods.\n3 The tribes of men praise thee, Agni, who knowest well burnt\nofferings, the Discerner, lavishest of wealth,\nlineis obscure. Professor Wilson, following Sftyana, translates : *and (the\ndrops) mountupontbe fireasifthey wereitsownnumerous offspringas (boys\nride) upon theback (ofafather).’ Themeaningmaybethatthedropsmount\nupon Agni,who bearsthe oblationstoheaven, as the backs or ridges (ofthe*\nhills)raisethemselvesabovetheground. Myversion, which follows Professor\nLudwig's explanation, isonlyconjectural.\n8 Thisstanza also is obscure. The well-bearingMother is thelower fire-\nstick whichatthepropertime produces thesparkforthemanto whomAgni,\nkeenandbrightasan axe, is manifested as hewasto the ancientsageAtri,\ntheancestoroftheRishi ofthe hymn.\n10 The last P&da h difficult. ProfessorWilson, after S&yana, renders it:\n(mayIshaovercome(hostile) men.’ But ishdh is evidently ‘food,’ and notthe\nnameofa man."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 469,
            "content": "; :\n&YMtf 9.] THE RIGVEDA, 475\nDwelling in secret, Blest One I visible to all, loud-ro&ring,\nskilled in worship, glorified with oil.\n4 Ever to thee, 0 Agni, as exceeding strong have we drawn\nnigh with songs and reverence singing hymns. 0\nSo be thou pleased with us, Angiras as a God enkindled by\n!\nthe noble with man’s goodly light.\n5 Thou, Agni ! multiform, God who art lauded much ! givest in\nevery house subsistence as of old.\nThou rulest by thy might o’er food of many asort that light\nof thine when blazing may not be opposed. :\n6 The Gods, Most Youthful Agni, have made thee, inflamed, the\nbearer of oblations and the messenger.\nThee, widely-reaching, homed in sacred oil, invoked, effulgent,\nhave they made the Eye that stirsthe thought.\n7 Men seeking joy have lit thee worshipped from of old, 0Agni,\nwith good fuel and with sacred oil.\nSo thou, bedewed and waxing mighty by the plants, spreadest\nthyself abroad over therealms of earth.\nHYMN\nIX. Agni.\nBearing oblations mortal men, 0 Agni, worship thee theGod.\nI deem thee^Jatavedas : bear our offerings, thou, unceasingly.\n2 In the man’s home who offers gifts, where grass is trimmed,\nAgni is Priest,\nTo whom all sacrifices come and strengthenings that win\nrenown.\n3 Whom, as an infant newly-born, the kindling-sticks have\nbrought to life,\nSustainer ofthe tribes of men, skilled in well-ordered sacrifice.\n,\n4 Yea, very hard art thou to grasp, like offspring of the wrig-\ngling snakes,\nWhen thou consumest many woods, like an ox, Agni, in the\nmead.\n8 Dwellingin secret latentin thefire-sticks, or dwellinginmen’shearts.\n4 Thenoble : thepatron of thesacrifice.\n7 Bedewed anointedwith clarifiedbutter. By the‘plants: which supply\nfuel\n1 I deem theeJdtavedas : I holdthee tobe theknower ofallcreatedbeings.\n\" 4 Like an ox; as an ox eats up thegrass,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 470,
            "content": "::\nm mn smm\nop (book\np*\n- 5 Whose flames, whenthou art sending forth the smoke, com-\npletely reach the mark*\nWhen Tritain the height of heaven, like as a smelter fannefch\nthee/e’en as a smelter sharpeneth thee.\n6 0 Agnh by thy succour and by Mitral friendly furtherance,\nMay we, averting hate, subdue thewickedness of mortal men.\n7 0 Agni, to our heroes bring such riches, thou victorious God,\nMay he protect and nourish us, and help in gaining strength\ni\nhe thou near us in fight for our success.\nHYMN\n• X. Agni.\nBRifrG us most mighty splendour thou, Agni, resistless on\nthy way.\nWith overflowing store of wealth mark out for us a path to\nstrength.\n2 Ours art thou, wondrous Agni, by Wisdom and bounteousness\nof power.\nThe might of Asuras rests onthee, likeMitraworshipfulinact.\n3 Agni, increase our means oflife, increase the house and home\nofthese,\nThe men, the princes who have won greatriches through our\nhymns ofpraise,\n4 BrightAgni, they who deck their songs for thee have horses\nas theirmeed.\nThe men are mighty in their might, they whose high laud, as\nthat of heaven, awakes thee of its own accord.\n5 0 Agni, those resplendent flames of thine go valorously forth,\nLike lightnings flashing round us, like a rattling car that\nseeks the spoil.\n6 Now, Agni, come to succour us\n;\nlet priests draw nigh tooffer\n• gifts;\nAnd letthepatronsof ourritessubdueall regionsof the earth.\n7 Bring to us, Agni, Angiras, lauded of old and lauded now,\nInvoker ! wealth to quell the strong, that singers may extol\nthee. Be near us in fight for our success.\n5 Trita:here perhapsV&yu,the Wind. AccordingtoS&yapa, Trita here\nmeansAgnihimselfdiffusedinthethreeregions,\n4 Awakes theeofitsown accord themeaningofthislast P&daisdoubtful.\nSc)yapadisconnectsbddkatitmandfrom theprecedingwords, and suppliesthe\nnameoftheRishi Gaya : Gayaofhisown accordarousesthee.\n6 Subdueallregionsof the earth an allusion to the digvijaya,universal\nconquest, or subjugationof allneighbouringprinces. S&yanaexplain^\nalternativelyas*wishes’ \\ ‘compass all theirdefcires,’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 471,
            "content": "; ;\nm\nBYMN 12.] TEE RIGVEDA.\nHYMN XL a&L\nThe watchful Guardian of the people hath been born, Agni,\nthe very strong, for fresh prosperity.\nWith oil upon his face, with high heaven-touchin? g flame, he\nshineth splendidly, pure, for the Bharatas.\n2 Ensignof sacrifice, the earliestHousehold-Priest, themen have\nkindled Agni in his threefold seat,\nWith Indra and the Gods together on the grasslet the wise\nPriest sit to complete the sacrifice.\n3 Pure, unadorned, from thy two Mothers art thou bom thou\n:\nearnest from Vivasvim as a charming Sage.\nWith oil they strengthened thee, 0 Agni, worshipped God\nthy banner was the smoke that mounted to the sky.\n4 May Agni graciously come to our sacrifice. The men bear\nAgni here and there in every house.\nHe hath become an envoy, bearer of our gifts electing Agni,\n:\nmen choose one exceeding wise.\n5 For tht yhe se p, ir0 itA bg eni t, hii ss pt rh oi ds ucs twe oe ft mes yt tp hr oa uy ge hr t.of mine : dear to\nAs great streams fill the^river so our songs of praise fill thee,\nand make thee yet more mighty in thy strength.\n6 0 Agni, the Angirases discovered thee what time thou layest\nhidden, fleeing back from wood to wood.\nThou by attrition art produced as conqueringmight, andmen,\n0 Angiras, call thee the Son of Strength.\nHYMN\nXII. Agni.\nTo Agni, lofty Asura, meet for worship, Steer of eternal Law,\nmy prayer I offer\nI bring my song d] irected to the Mighty like pure oil for his\nmouth at sacrifices.\n*2 Mark the Law, thou who knowest, yea, observe it : send forth\nthe full streams of eternal Order.\nI use no sorcery with might or falsehood the sacred Law of\n:\nthe Red Steer I follow.\n1 FortheBharatas .* forthesakeofthe priests, according to Sayaim and\nMahidhara.\n2 Inhisthreefoldseat thethreefire-altars.\n3 Thytwo’Mothers; thefire-sticks, Vivasvdn: thesacrificer, according to\nS&yaua. Butsee Index.\n4 Hereand there: orindifferentplaces\n;\nfromonealtartoanother,\nfi Thoulayesthidden alludingtothelegendof the flight and capture of\nAgni, SeeI, 65, 1."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 472,
            "content": ": ; ;\nm\nTUB EYMNB OP [BOOK f*\n3 Mow hast thou, follower of the? Law eternal, become the\nknower of a rie\\ysong, Agni?\nThe God, the Guardian of the seasons, knows me the Lord\n:\nof him who won this wealth I know not,\n4 Who, Agni, in alliance with thy foeman, what splendid help-\ners Wonfor them their riches%\nAgni, who guard the dwelling-place of falsehood'? Who are\nprotectors of the speech of liars?\n5 Agni, those friends of thine have turned them from thee ;\ngracious of old, they have become ungracious.\n•\nThey havedeceived themselvesbytheir own speeches, uttering\nwicked words against the righteous.\n6 He who pays sacrifice to thee with homage, 0 Agni, keeps the\nRed Steer’s Law eternal\nWide ishisdwelling. Maythe nobleoffspringof Nahushawho\nwandered forth come hither.\nHYMN\nXIII. Agni.\nWith songsof praisewe call onthee, wekindletheewith songs\nof praise,\nAgni, with songs of praise, for help.\n2 Eager for wealth, we meditate Agrri’s effectual praise to-day,\n.\nPraise ofthe,God who touches heaven.\n3 May Agni, Priest among mankind, take pleasure in our songs\nof praise,\nAnd worship the Celestial Polk.\n4 Thou, Agni, art spread widely forth, Priest dearand excellent\nthrough thee\nMen make the sacrifice complete.\n5 Singersexaltthee,Agni,welllauded, bestgiverofourstrength:\nSo grant thou us heroic might.\n6 Thou, Agni, as the felly rings the spokes, encompassest the\nGods.\nI yearn for bounty manifold.\n3 Knower ofa new song accordingto Professor Ludwig, the new songis\nonein whichforthefirsttimewehavebeen obliged to remind thee of thy\ndutiesasthechampionofeternal Law,whereasformerly we had onlythanks\nandprayerstoofferthee. TheGuardian of theseasons: thou, Agni, who, as\nwth he oS hu an s, br ee fg ru il ea nt de est dt mh yes we ea as lon ts h, yk en now ee ms yf .cme ,*butI knownothingof the God\n4 WhoaretheGods whohaveenrichedthewicked whohateboth theeand\nme\n?\n6 The meaningofthe secondlineia obscure. ProfessorWilson, following\nS4yapa, translates\n:\n‘andmayavirtuoussuccessorofthe man whodiligently\nworshipstheecomeinhis place.’ IadoptProfessorLudwig’s rendering."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 473,
            "content": "— —\n; h\nm\nMYMlSt 15.] THE MGVEDA.\nHYMN\nXIV,\nAgni.\nEnkindling theImmortal, wakeAgniwith songof praise may\n;\nhe bear our oblations to the Gods- *\n2 At highsolemnities mortalmen glorifyhim the Immortal, best\nAt sacrifice among mankind,\n3 That he may bear their gifts to heaven, all glorify him Agni,\nGod,\nWith ladle that distilleth oil.\n4 Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus\nand the dark\n:\nHe found the Kine, the Floods, the Sun-\n' 5 Serve Agni, God adorable, the Sagewhose back is balmed*with\nLetoil hi: m approach, and hear my call.\n6 TheyhaveexaltedAgni, Godof allmankind, withoilandhymns\nOf praise, devout and eloquent.\n4 HYMN XV-\nAgni.\nTohim, thefar-renowned, thewise Ordainer, ancient andglori-\nous, a song I offer.\nEnthroned in oil, the Asura, bliss-giver, is Agni, firm support\nof noble riches.\n2 By holy Law they kept supporting Order, by help ofsacrifice,\nin loftiest heaven,\nThey who attained with born men to the unborn, men seated\non that stay, heaven’s firm sustainer. t\n3 Averting woe, they labour hard to bring him, the ancient,\nplenteous food as power resistless.\nMay he, born newly, conquer his assailants ; round him they\nstand as round an angry lion.\nWhen, like a mother, spreading forth to nourish, to cherish\n^\nand regard each man that livetb,\nConsuming allthestrengththatthouhastgotten, thouwander-\nest round, thyself, in varied fashion.\nThe Rishiof Hymn XV\\issaidtobe Dharunaof tbe familyofAtri, but-\nthisnameisevidently taken from thewordsdharuna (firm) instanza 1,and\ndhar&ncminstanza2.\n. 2 Theywhoattained: ovlyancestors, orthe Fathers, who with, or by the\naidof,thepriests,wereraisedtoseatsinthe firmament.\nf Thouwanderestround\nseekingfreshwoodtobuminordertorestorethy\nexhausted strength."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 474,
            "content": ": :\nm\nTME HYMNS OF [BOOK V\n.\n5 May strength preserve the compass of thy vigour, God that\nl\nbroad stream of thine that bearethriches.\nThou, like a thief who keeps his refuge secret, hast holpen\nAtri to great wealth, by teaching.\nHYMN XVI. Agni.\nGrbat power is in the beam of light, sing praise to Agni, to\nthe God\nWhom men have set in foremostplace like Mitra with their\neulogies.\n2 He bythe splendour of his arms is Priest of every able mam\nAgni conveys oblation straight, and deals, as Bhaga deals, his\nboons.\n3 All restsuponthe laud-and love of him the rich, high-flaming\nGod,\nOn whom, loud-roaring, men have laid great strength as on a\n1\nfaithfulfriend.\n4 So, Agni, be the Friend of these with liberal gift of hero\nstrength.\n, - Yea, Heaven and Earth have not surpassedthis YouthfulOne\niu glorious fame.\nh 0 Agni, quickly come to us, and, glorified, bring precious\nwealth.\nSo we and these our princes will assemble for the good of all.\nBe near infight to prosper us.\nHYMN\nXVII. ‘ Agni.\nGob, may a mortal call the Strong hither, with solemn rites,\nto aid,\nA man call Agni to protect when sacrifice is well prepared.\n2 Near him thou seemest mightier still in native glory, set to\nhold\nApart yon flame-hued vault of heaven, lovely beyond the\nthought of man.\n5Maystrengthpreserve:mayesfcthoueverAndfreshfuelorstrengtheningfood.\nThon, like athief: Thismay, perhaps, imply that the wealth bestowed\nupon the Rishi iiNjlepositedinasecurereceptacl—e,likethehiddenbootyofa\nthief,butthewhole'\\S^htaisobscurelyworded/ Wilson.\n1 Like Mitra: oras af4end.\n2 Everyableman whohaS^eans, will, andskillasasacriflcer.\n4 Ofthese: institutesofthe sacrifice. This Youthful One Agni. The\nexactmeaningofthesecondlineissomewhatuncertain.\n1 The Strong: Agni.\n2 Nearhim: Sfirya."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 475,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN THE MOVED\n18.] A.\n3 Yea, this is by the light of him whom powerful song hath\nbound to act.\nWhosebeamsof splendourflash onhigh asthough theysprang\nfrom heavenly sqed.\n4 Wealth loads the Wonder-Worker’s car through his, the very\nwise One’s power.\nThen, meet to be invoked among all tribes, is Agni glorified.\n5 Now, too, the princes shall obtain excellent riches by our lips.\nProtect us for our welfare : lend thy succour, 0 thou Son of\nStrength. Be near in fight to prosper us.\nHYMN\nXVIII. AgnL\nAt dawn let Agni, much-beloved guest of the house, be glori-\nfied\n;\nImmortal whodelights inall oblationsbrought by mortal men.\n2 For Dvita who receives through wealth of native strength\nmaimed offerings,\nThy praisereven gainsatonce theSoma-drops, Immortal Gods!\n3 Nobles, with song I call that car of yours that shines with\nlengthened life,\nFor, God who givest steeds ! that car hither and thither goes\nunharmed.\n3 This is by the lightofhim this Sftrya, orthe Sun,shines onlyhy the\nlightofAgni.\n—4 Whenthewonder-workingSunbringsuswealth, themeritis duetoAgni\nLudwig. AccordingtoSftyana,theuneaningis,asgivenhyProfessorWilson:\n*Bythe worshipofhim who is pleasingofaspecttheprovident(heap) wealth\nin their cars.’ Theabsenceofaverbmakestheexact meaninguncertain.\nThehy«misascribed to aRishiDvitaof thefamilyofAtri, butthe name\nseems tobeborrowedfrom theDvitaofstanza2.\n2 Themeaningofthisstanzais obscure. According toS&yana, Dvitaisthe\nR ('i ws ih li lino gf tt ohe mah iny -m 'n, aandth -e\nA\nf ti hr ist neli rn ’e -r-i is sr te 'n v-d ne ar rte hd by DP -r vo itf ae ,s tso hr eW bi el as ro en ro:\nf\n* tB he\ne\npurelibation.’ Iv.- . * ..* r> m ..: mvin \\u- :..i receiverofamaimed\norimperfectoblation, aud Dvitathenwouldbethemythicalpersonageofthat\nnametowhom, togetherwith Trita,it wascustomary to wishaway andcon-\nsign any- threatened calamity or—unpleasantness(ToTritaand toDvita,Dawn\ni\nbear thou away the evil dream R. V. X. 47, 16). In the presentcase, any\npossibleimperfection in theofferingmadetoAgni ispreviously removedbya\nlibation to Dvita. See ProfessorLudwig’sCommentary, Part I. 338. M. Ber-\ngaigne (ReligionVddique,II. 327)givesadifferent explanation.\n3 Nobles wealthy institutors of the sacrifice; Maghavans, Thatcar of\nyours; apparently Agni,who carriesoblations tothe Gods.\n31"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 476,
            "content": ": : : : ;\n432 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK V.\n4 They who: have varied ways ofthought, who guard the lauds\nwithintheir lips,\nAnd strew the grass before the light, 'have decked themselves\nwittfhigh renown.\n,5 Immortal Agni, give the chiefs, heroes who institute the rite,\n: Heroes’ illustrious, lofty fame, who atthe synodmet forpraise\npresented me with fifty steeds.\nHYMN XIX. Agni.\nOne statebegetsanotherstate\n;\nhuskismade visiblefromhusk\nWithin his Mother’s side he speaks.\n2 Discerning, have they offered gifts: they guard the strength\nthat never wastes.\nTo a strong fort have they pressed in.\n3 Svaitreya’s people, all his men, have gloriously increased in\nmight.\nA pold chain Brihaduktha wears, as, through this Soma, seek-\ning spoil.\n4 I bring, as ’twere, the longed-for milk, the dear milk of the\nSister-Pair.\nLike to a caldron filled with food ishe, unconquered, con-\nquering all.\n4 Varied ways of thought manifold modes of showing their devotion.\nGuardthelauds perpetuatehymnsofpraisebyfrequent repetition. Before\nfoelight accordingtoS&yana, svdrnaremeans, *in thesacrifice whichleads\nmantoheaven.’ ProfessorGrassmaunrenders the word by *Dem Glanzes-\nherrn,’ ‘fortheLordofLight.’\n1 Weknowonlyoutward formsand circumstances, and the real natureof\ntheGodisconcealedfromus. TheGodspeaksonlyinthebosomofhismother.\n—Ludwig. S&yana gives a totally different interpretation, theword vavri\n(huskorcovering)in the firststanzabeing taken asthenameof theBishi of\nthehymn.\n2 Discerning: perhaps, as Prof.Ludwig suggests,distinguishingthyessence\nfromthyappearance. Thestrongfort^whichtheworshippershaveenteredand\nsettledinis, perhaps, theirreligiousknowledge.\n3 Svaitreya’s peoplehaveconquered, andtheir priestBrihadukthahasbeen\nrewardedforhisservicesw —ithachain ofgold, wonfor himby theSoma-liba-\ntionswhichhehasoffered. Ludwig. Svaitreya (sonof Svitri. See I. 33. 14)\nand Brihadukthaare, apparently,propernames. S&yanaexplainsthe former\nasAgnior lightning fabiding in the white firmament,’ and the latteras\n‘zealouslyorhighly praising.’\n4 ThedearmilkoftheSister-Pair the Soma dearto Heaven and Earth,\nyheexactmeaningofthelineisuncertain,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 477,
            "content": "; : :\nHYMN 21.] THE RIGVEDA;\nd Beam of light, come to us in sportive fashion, finding thyself\nclose to the wind that fans thee.\nTheseflamesofhis arewasting flames, likearrowskeen-pointed,\nsharpened, on his breast. *\nHYMN\nXX.\n; Agni.\nAgni, best winner of the spoil, cause us to praise before the\nGods\nAs our associate meet for lauds, wealth which thou verily\ndeemest wealth.\n2 Agni, the great who ward not offthe anger of thy power and\nmight\nStir up the wrath and hatred due to one who holds an alien\ncreed.\n3 Thee, Agni, wouldwe choose as Priest,theperfecterofstrength\nand skill\nWe who bring sacred food invoke with song thee Chief at\nholy rites.\n4 Here as is needful for thine aid we toil, 0 Conqueror, day\nby day,\nFor wealth, fouLaw, May we rejoice, Most Wise One ! at the\nfeast, with kine, rejoice, with heroes, at the feast.\nHYMN\nXXI. . Agni.\nWe stablishtheeasManusused, asManusused we kindle thee.\nLike Manus, for the pious man, Angiras, Agni, worship Gods.\n2 For well, 0 Agni, art thou pleased when thou art kindled\nmid mankind.\nStraight go the ladles unto thee, thou high-born God whose\nfood is oil.\n5 Thisstanza isverydifficult, and,like muchoftherestofthe hymn, can\nbeonlyconjecturally translated.\nTheBishisof the hymn are saidto becertain membersofthe familyof\nAtricalledPrayasvats, thatis, bringersor possessors of sacred food, a word\nwhichoccursinstanza 3.\n2 Wh6holds analiencreed whofollows otherthanVedicobservances./\n4 FovLaw tomaintaintheholylaw, andespeciallytheeternally-ordained\n:\nsacrifice. Withkine possessing plentyof cattle. With heroes: with brave\nsons aboutus.\nThehymn isascribedto allishi Sasa, thisnamebeing takenfromthe word\nsascisyain thelast Pftdaofstanza 4.\n1 Manus : anotherformof Manu."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 478,
            "content": ";\n484 TME HYNMS OF [BOOK V.\n3 Thee have all Gods-of one accord established as their mes-\nsenger.\nServing at sacrifices men adore thee as a God, 0 Sage.\n& Let mortal man adore your God, Agni, with worship due to\nGods.\nShine forth enkindled, Radiant One. Sit in the chamber of\nthe Law, sit in the chamber of the food,\nHYMN\nXXII. Agni.\nLike Atri, Visvasaman ! sing to him of purifying light,\nWho must be praised in holy rites, the Priest most welcome\nin the house.\n2 Set Jltavedas in his place, Agni the God and Minister.\nLet sacrifice proceed to-dayduly, comprising all the Gods.\n3 All mortals come to thee for aid, the God of most observant\nmind.\nOf thine excelling favour we bethink us as we long for it.\ni Mark with attention this our speech, OAgni, thou victorious\nOne.\nThee, Strong-jawed as the homestead’s Lord, the Atris with\n!\ntheir lauds exalt, the Atris beautify witfy songs.\nHYMN\nXXIII. Agni,\nBy thy fair splendour’s mighty power, 0 Agni, bring victori-\nous wealth,\nWealth that o’ercometh all mankind, and, near us, conquereth\nin fight.\n2 Yictorious Agni, bring to us the wealth that vanquisheth in\n.\nwar\nFor thou art wonderful and true, giver of strength in herds\nof kine.\n3 For all the folk with one accord, whose sacred grass is trim-\nmed and strewn,\nInvite theetotheir worship-halls, as a dearPriest, for choicest\nwealth.\nicr nt, g4 * tasT oh SPe &r yoc f ah e na s am s ,b oe r or fRo o Sf at sht ah ,e e txL hpa elaw si un: s pt ph oie t s, es dwa hc Rr e ii r efi hec ii ta ohl fec tsh haa ecm rb e hde yr mgr no a ,r ssha il sl. strO ef wnt ;he acf co oo rd d-;\nTheljishiisVisvas&man,of thefamily of Atri.\n—\nTheRishiis saidtobe Dyumna Visvacharehani both these namesbeing\nwordsoccurringinthehymn,\n1 Bythyfairsplendour's mightypomv ; the words of thetextaredyunir\nnhsyaprdsdhd,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 479,
            "content": ":\nHYMN THE R/GVEDA, 485\n0 25.]\n*\n4 For he, the God of all men, hath gotten him might that q, uel-\nletli foes.\nAgni, in these homes shine forth, bright God for our pro-\n!\nsperity, shine, Purifier splendidly. *\n!\nHYMN XXIV.\n0 Agni, be our nearest Friend, be thou a hind deliverer and a\ngracious Friend.\n2 Excellent Agni, come thounigh to us, and giveus wealthmost\nsplendidly renowned.\n3 So hear us, listen to this call of ours, and keep us far from\nevery sinful man.\n4 To thee then, 0 Most Bright, 0 Radiant God, we come with\nprayer for happiness for our friends.\nHYMN XXV. A 8ni‘\n1 will sing near, for grace, your God Agni, for he is good to\nus.\nSon of the Brands, may he give gifts, and, righteous, save us\nfrom the foe.\n2 For he is true, whom men of old enkindled, and the Gods\nthemselves,\nThe Priest with the delicious tongue, rich with the light of\nglorious beams.\n3 With wisdom that surpasseth all, with gracious will most\nexcellent,\n0 Agni, worthy of our choice, shine wealth on us through\nhymns of praise.\n4 Agni is King, for he extends to mortals and to Gods alike.\nAgni is bearer of our gifts. Worship ye Agni with your\nthoughts.\n5 Agni gives to the worshipper a son, the best, of mightiest\nfame,\nOf deep devotion, ne'er subdued, bringer of glory to his sire.\n4 TheGodof allmen .* visvdcharshanih,acommon epithet of Agni.\nThelegend connectedwiththis hymn isdiscussed byProf. MaxMuller in\nJournalof theRoyal Asiatic Society, Xew Series, II. 441 f. See Lantnaifs\nSanskritReader, p. 368.\nTheRishisof thehymnaremembers of the family of AtricalledYaauyus\n(seekers of ricbes). Cl stanza 9.\n1 1will singnear I will invite'\"and bringnearwithmy song.\n2 Forheistrue\n,\nthefaithfulrewarderof his worshippers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 480,
            "content": ": :\nm\nthe hymns of [book y,\n•\n6 Agni bestows tbe hero-lord who conquers with the men in\nfight.\nAgnibestows the fleet-foot steed, the victor never overcome.\n7 The mightiest song is Agni’s : shine on high, thou who art\nrich in light.\nLike the Chief Consort of a King, riches andstrengthproceed\nfrom thee.\n8 Resplendent are thy rays of light : loud is thy voice like\npressing-stones.\nYea, of itself thy thunder goes forth like the roaring of the\nheaven.\n9 Thus, seeking riches, have we paid homage toAgniConqueror.\nMay he, most wise, as with a ship, carry us over all our foes.\nHYMN\nXXYI. Agni.\n0 Agni, Holy and Divine, with splendour and thy pleasant\ntongue\nBring hither and adore the Gods.\n2 We pray thee, thou who droppest oil, bright-rayed ! who look-\nest onthe Sun,\nBring the Gods hither to the feast.\n3 We have enkindled thee, 0 Sage, bright caller of the Gods to\nfeast,\n0 Agni, great in sacrifice.\n4 0 Agni, come with all the Gods, come to our sacrificial gift\nWe choose thee as Invoking Priest.\n5 Bring, Agni,. to the worshipper who pours the juice, heroic\nstrength\n:\nSit with the Gods upon the grass. '\n6 Victorof thousands, Agni, thou, enkindled,cherishestthelaws,\nLaud-worthy, envoy of the Gods.\n7 Set Agni Jatavedas down, the bearer of our sacred gifts,\nMost Youthful, God and Minister.\n7 Theexact meaningofthe stanzaisuncertain. ProfessorWilson,follow-\ningS&yana, paraphrasesthefirstline: £That (praise) which best conveys\n(( wo eu ar lv te hn )e /ration isdue)toAgni iaffluentin splendour,grantus. ( 'Agni), great\nlikethe ChiefConsortofaKing: asthechiefjueenproceeds,fromherhome\ninroyaLstate. Professor Ludwig translates mahishivctby ‘asa, strongcow/\nbut gives in his Commentarythe alternative rendering fas a king's wife/\nS&yana makesmdhisMan adjective agreeing with rayfh, md says that\n}ike,ispleonastic. I havefollowedMahidhara.\n8 Loudis thyvoice: themeaningofthis half-lineisnot certain.\n8 Cherishedthe l<ms especiallyreligiousordinances, sacrifices,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 481,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN 28.] THE RIOVEDA. 487\n' 8 Duly proceed our sacrifice, comprising all the Gods, to-d&y :\nStrew holy grass to be their seat.\n9 So may the Maruts sit thereon, the Asvins, Mitra, Varuna\nThe Gods with all their company.\nHYMN XXVIL\nAgni.\nThe Godlike hero, famousest of nobles, hath granted me two\noxen with a wagon.\nTrivrisharis son Tryaruna hath distiguished himself, Vaisva-\nnara Agni with ten thousands.\n!\n2 Protect Tryaruna, as thou art waxing strong and art highly\npraised, YaisvanaraAgni\nWho granteth me a hundre! d kine and twenty, and two bay\nhorses, good atdraught, and harnessed.\n3 So Trasadasyu served thee, God Most Youthful, craving thy\nfavour for the ninth time, Agni\nTryaruna who with attentive spirit accepteth many a song\nfrom me the mighty.\n4 He who declares his wish to me, to Asvamedha, to the Prince,\nPays him who with his verse seeks gain, gives power to him\nwho keeps the Law.\n5 From whom a hundred oxen, all of speckled hue, delight my\nheart,\nThe gifts of Asvamedha, like thrice-mingled draughts of\nSoma juice.\n6 To Asvamedha who bestows a hundred gifts grant hero power,\n0 Indra-Agni lofty rule like the unwasting Sun in heaven.\n!\nHYMN\nXXVIII. Agni.\nAgni inflamed hath sentto heaven his lustre : he shines forth\nwidely turning unto Morning.\nEastward the ladle goes that brings all blessing, praising the\nGods with homage and oblation.\nTheRishis aresaid to be Tryaruna, Trasadasyu, and Asvamedha; orAtri\nalone. The metre is Trishtupin stanzas 1,2, 3, and Anushtup in4, 5, 6;\nand, correspondingly,thehymn is madeupof two separate andindependent\neulogiesofmunificentprinces.\nora3 ryTr na as ma eda os ry tu it: leTe or fr so er veo rf alDa ps riy nu cs es; .app Aa cr ce en pt tl ey t, h;as rL ewu ad rw di sg ws iu tg hge gs it fs t, s.anhon-\n4 The stanzais difficult. Asvamedha apparentlysays that the man_who\nrequests himtoinstituteasacrificeis bysodoingtheenricher ofthe priestB.\n5 Thrice-mingled; mixedwithmilk, curds,andparched grain.\nThehymn isascribed toasupposedVisvav&nt, aladyofthefamilyofAtri,\ntok1 enTh ue pl aa nd dle p: ot uh re eds oa ucr ti .fic Tia hl ety td el xe thw ai sth thw ehi fc eh mint ih ne eoi al djo er ctic vl ear gif hi red Mcb hu ttt oe nr lyi .s"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 482,
            "content": "; : : : : : : :\n488 THE HYMNS OH [BOOK V.\n<>f'> ' v\n2 Enkindled,,thou art King of the immortal world : him who\n: brings offerings thou attendest for his weal.\nHe whomthou urgest on makes all possessions his: he sets\nbefqfe thee, Agni, gifts that guests may claim.\n3 Show thyself strong for mighty bliss, 0 Agni, most excellent\n.-:K be thine effulgent splendours.\nMake easy,to maintain our household lordship, and overcome\n.\nthe might of those whohate us.\n4 Thy glory, Agni, I adore, kindled, exalted in thy strength.\nA Steer of brilliant splendour, thou art lighted well at sacred\nrites.\n5 Agni, invoked and kindled, serve the Gods, thou skilled in\nsacrifice\nFor thou art bearer ofour gifts.\n6 Invoke and worship Agni whilethe sacrificial rite proceeds :\nForoffering-bearer choose ye him.\nHYMN XXIX. Agni.\nMan’s worship ofthe Gods hath three great lustres, and three\ncelestiallights have they established.\nThe Maruts gifted withpure strength adore thee, for thou,\nO Indra, art their sapient Kishi.\n2 What time the Maruts sang their song to Indra, joyous when\nhehad drunk of Soma juices,\nHe grasped his thunderbolt to slay the Dragon, and loosed,\nthatthey might flow, the youthful Waters.\n3 And, 0 ye Brahmans, Maruts, somay Indra drink draughts of\nthis my carefully pressed Soma\nFor this oblation found forman th; e cattle, and Indra, having\nquaffed it, slew the Dragon.\njiMbeing understood. Thatbrings allblessing S&yana takes visvdvdrd to\nbethename ofawoman. Praising the Gods said figurativelyof theladle\nheldby thepriestwhopraises.\n8 Makeeasytomaintain or,tofollow S&yapa : Perfect thewell-knitbond\nofwifeandhusband.\n1 Three great lustres thisis S&yana’s explanation of the trydvyamti of\nthetext. Professor Ludwig suggests that human relationships, such as\nMaghavansor nobles, priests, andvisasorthepeople, maybeintended. The\nthree celestial lights; the Sun, the Wind, the Fire, according to S&yapa.\nThey the Maruts, saysS.iyana. Bishi here meaningbeholder,according to\n$&yana.\n$ Brahmans priests, S&yaua explains the word as meaning lofty or\nmightyin thispassage,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 483,
            "content": "; :: : :: ;\nHY&FN 29.] / THE RIGVEDA. 48f\n4 Then heaven and earth he sundered and supported wrapped\n:\neven in these he struck the Beast with terror.\nSo Indra forced the Engulfer to disgorgement, and slew the\nDanava panting against him. *\n5 Thus all the Gods, 0 Maghavan, delivered to thee of their free\nwill the draughtof Soma\nWhen thou for Etasa didst cause to tarry the flying mares of\nSurya racing forward.\n6 When Maghavan with the thunderbolt demolished bis nine-\nand-ninety castles all together,\nThe Maruts, where they met, glorified Indra ye with the\nTrishtup hymn obstructed heaven. :\n7 As friend to aida friend, Agni dressed quickly three hundred\n,\n*buffaloes, even ashe willed it.\nAnd Indra, from man’s gift, for Vritra’s slaughter, drank off\nat oncethree lakes of pressed-out Soma.\n8 When thou three hundred buffaloes’ flesh hadst eaten, and\ndrunk, as Maghavan, three lakesof Soma,\nAll the Gods raised as ’twere a shout of triumph, to Indra\npraise because he slew the Dragon.\n9 What time ye came with strong steeds swiftly speeding, 0\nUsana and Indra, to the dwelling,\nThou earnest thither conquering together with Kutsa and the\nGods thou slowest Sushna.\n:\n10 One car-wheel ofthe Sun thou rolledst forward, and one thou\nsettest free to move forKutsa.\nThou slowest noseless Dasyus with thy weapon, and in their\nhome o’erthrewest hostile speakers.\n11 The lauds of Gauriviti made thee mightyrto Vidathin’s s,on,\nas prey, thou gavest Pipru.\nBijisvan drew thee into friendship, dressing the sacred food,\nand thou hast drunk his Soma.\n4 TheBeast thedemonYritra. TheEngulfer: Vritra, whohadswallowed\nthecelestialwaters. TheFdnava ; thesonofDanu, Yritra.\n65 F Ho ur nE it na es -a an: ds -e ne inI eI. ty19 c. as5 t.\nles the aerial castles of Sambara, the demon\nofdrought. Obstructedheaven madetheloudhymnstrikethesky.\n7 Threelakes: largevessels ortubsareprobablyintended.\n9 U$cmd Indra’s special friend. See Index. To thedwelling: ofKutsa.\n10 One cartwheel aneclipseofthesun appearstohereferredto. Noseless:\nthat is,the flat-nosed barbarians, a-ntfsah; or the word maybe, as S&yana\nexplains it, an-&3ah, i, e. mouthless, voiceless, unintelligibly speaking. See\nMuir, Original Sanskrit Texts II. 377.\n11 Gauriviti the Rishiof, thehymn, Vidathin's son: Ripsvan, mentione\nn BookI. as afavouriteof Indra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 484,
            "content": "490 TBE ffTMtfS OF [BOOK F,\n12 Navagvas and Dasagvas with libations of Soma juice sing\nhymns ofpi'aise to Indra.\nLabouring at their task the menlaid open the stall of Kine\nthcShgh firmly closed and fastened.\n13 How shall I serve thee, Maghavan, though knowing full well\nwhat hero deeds thou hast accomplished*1\nAnd the fresh deeds which thou wilt do, Most Mighty ! these,\ntoo, will we tell forth in sacred synods.\n14 Resistless from of old through hero courage, thou hast done\nall these many acts, 0 Indra.\nWhat thou wilt do in bravery, Thunder-wielder\n!\nnone isthere\nwho may hinder this thy prowess.\n15 Indra, acceptthe prayers which now are offered, accept the\nnew prayers, Mightiest which we utter.\n!\nLike fair and well-made robes, I, seeking riches, as a deft\ncraftsman makes a car, have wroughtthem.\nHYMN XXX.\nIndra.\nWhere & that Hero ? Who hath looked on Indra borne on\nlight-rolling car by Tawny Coursers,\nWho, Thunderer, seeks with wealththe Soma-presser, andto\nhis house goes, much-invoked, to aid him ?\n2 I have beheld his strong and secret dwelling, longing have\nsought the Founder’s habitation.\nI asked of others, and they said in answer, May we, awakened\nmen, attain to Indra.\n3 We will tell, Indra, when we pour libation, whatmightydeeds\nthou hastperformed toplease us.\nLet him whoknows not learn, who knows them listen.: hither\nrides Maghavan with allhis army,\n4 Indra, when born, thou madest firm thy spirit alone thou\n:\nseekest war to fight with many.\nWith might thou clavest e’en the rock asunder, and foundest\nout the stable of the Milch-kine.\n5 When thou wast born supremest at adistance, bearinganame\nrenownedinfar-offregions,\nSincethene’en Gods have been afraid of Indra he conquered\n:\nall the floods which served the D&sa.\nN\n12 avagvasandDasagvas: priestlyfamilies connected or identified with\ntheAngirases.\n2 Ihave beheld: meaning, perhaps,I have triedtobehold, Ihavelooked\nfor. TheFounder'shabitation: thedwelling-placeofIndra who established\ntheworld.\n. .\n5 Whichservedthe JDdsa; whichweresubjecttothedemonVritra, y~"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 485,
            "content": ": :\nBYUN 30.] THE RIGYEDA . 401\n6 These blissful Maruts sing their psalm topraise thee,and pour\nto thee libation of the Soma.\nIndra with wondrous powers subdued the Dragon, th^guileful\nlurker who beset the waters.\n7 Thou, Maghavan, fromthefirst didst scatter foemen, speeding,\nwhile joying in the milk, the Giver.\nThere, seeking man's prosperity, thou torest away the head\nof Namuchi the D&sa.\n8 Pounding the headof Namuchithe Dasa, me, too, thou madest\nthine associate, Indra\n!\nYea, and the rolling stone that is in heaven both worlds, as\non a car, brought to the Maruts.\n9 Women for weapons hath the Dasa taken. What injury can\nhis feeble armies do me ?\nWell he distinguished his two different voices, and Indra then\nadvanced to fight the Dasyu.\n10 Divided from their calves the Cows went lowing around, on\nevery side, hither and thither.\nThese Indra re-united with his helpers, what time the well-\n.\npressed Soma made him joyful.\n11 What time the Somas mixed by Babhru cheered him, loud the\nSteer bellowed in his habitations.\n. So Indra drank thereof, the Fort-destroyer, and gave him\nguerdon, inreturn, of milch-kine.\ncer7 tainT .he Pg ri ov fer es; sot rhe Luof df we ire gr to rf ano sbl la at ti eo sn is t. byB ‘u tt heth spe lim te ta in ngin (g tho uf ndd et rt bn oc lm t},i ’s au nn d-\nS&yanaexplainsitas ‘theassailantofthe Gods (Vritra).’\nNamuchi one of the malignantdemonsoftheatmospherewhowithhold\ntherain.\n8 The rolling stone: perhaps the /thunderbolt; or if the thunderbolt is\nsupposedtobethespeaker ofthisstanza, as ProfessorLudwig is inclined to\nthink,theSunmusthe meant thatis,heavenandearthbroughttheSunto\ntheMaruts toaid Indrainhisf; ightwiththedemon.\n9 Indra is the speaker of the first line. Women•\"perhaps the subject\nw va ot ie cr es s. ofB ti hs etw wo od mi eff nere an stv wo ei lc les a: st th he em ve oa in cein og fNm aa my ucb he it ,ha at ndIn sd or ka neh wea tr hd att hh ee\nih na gd Sn &o yt ana an ,a tr rm ay nso lf atd ee sm :o ‘n th- ewa tr wn oo: 1 r *- :' •!\nc*\n\"t. IndP rr ao )fe cs os no fr inW ei dls inon t, hefo ml nlo ew r-\napartments.’\n10 Withhishelpers withtheaidofthe Maruts.\nBu1 s1 amE ai sc ,bhr au\nm:\n’t :h 1e\n1\nI Vli *svhi\n:\nof et oph le e,hy inmn a, suw cch eo ssfa up lpe fa or rs ay,to ah na dve toas hs ai vs eted bet eh ne\nrewarded with .. .rv- p r::.T. Of thebooty. Binanchaya wasthekingofthis\npeople.\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 486,
            "content": ": : :\nMm\n492 THE nr OF {BOOK F.\n12 This good deed have the Busamas done, Agni that they have\n!\ngranted me four thousand cattle*\nWe Ijiave received Binanchaya’s wealth, of heroes the most\nheroic, which was freely offered.\n13 The Busamas, 0 Agni, sent me homeward with fair adorn-\nment and with kine in thousands.\nThe strong libations have made Indra joyful, when night,\nwhose course was ending, changed to morning.\n14 Night, well-nigh ended, at Binaxichaya’s coming, King of the\nBusamas, was changed to morning.\nLike a strong courser, fleet of foot, urged onward, Babhru\nhath gained four thousand as his guerdon*\n15 We have received four thousand head of cattle presented by\nthe Busamas, 0 Agni.\nAnd we, the singers, have received the caldron of metal which\nWas heated for Pravargya.\nHYMN XXXI. Indra,\nMaghavan Indra turns his chariot downward, the strength-\ndisplaying car which he hath mounted.\nEven as aherdsman driveth forth his cattle, he goeth, first,\nuninjured, fain for treasure.\n2 Haste to us, Lord of Bays ; be not ungracious : visit us, lover\nof gold-hued oblation.\nThere is naught else better than thou art, Indra : e’en to the\nwifeless hast thou given spouses*\n3 When out of strength arose the strength that conquers, Indra\ndisplayed all powers that he possesses.\nForth from the cave he drove the milky mothers,and withthe\nlight laid bareinvesting darkness,\n4 Anus have wrought a chariot-for thy Courser, and Tvashtar,\nMuch-invoked thybolt that glitters.\n!\nThe Brahmans with their songs exalting Indra increased his\nstrength that he might slaughter Ahi.\n15 Heatedfor Pravargya : aceremonyintroductory tothe Soma-sacrifice,\ninwhichfreshmilkwaspouredintoaheated vesselcalledmakdvtrd or, asin-\nthisplace,gharmd.\n1 Evenasaherdsmandrivethforthhis cattle so,saysS&yana,Indradrives\nhi.senemiesbeforehim. Fainfortreasure: wishingtoobtaintherichesofhis\nenemies.\n2 Gold-hued oblation: consistingof yellowSomajuice. Spouses: carried\noffinraidsfavouredbytheWarrior-God.\n4 Amts probablymeaning$hrigus, who belonged tothattribe.\nThe Brahmans accordingtoSiyana, theAngirases, ortheMaruts,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 487,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 31.] THE RIGVELA, 493\n5 When heroes sang their laud to thee the Hero, Indra and\n!\nstones and Aditi accordant,\nWithout or steed or chariot were the fellies which, sped by\nIndra, rolled upon the Dasyu%. c\n6 Iwilldeclarethineexploitswroughtaforetime, and, Maghavan*\nthy deeds of late achievement,\nWhen, Lord of Might, thou sunderedst earth and heaven, win-\nning forman the moistly-gleaming waters.\n7 This is thy deed, e’en this, Wonderful ! Singer I•that, slaying\nAhi, here thy strength thou showedst,\nDidst cheok andstay e’enSushna’s wiles and magic, and, draw-\ning nigh, didst chase away the Dasyus.\n8 Thou, Indra, on the farther bank for Yadu and Turvasa didst\nstay the gushingwaters.\nYebothassailedthefierce thou barestKutsa: whenGodsand\nUsani came to you together.\n9 Let the steeds bring you both, Indra and Kutsa, borne on the\nchariot within hearing-distance.\nYe blew him from the waters, from his dwelling, and chased\nthe darkness from the noble’s spirit.\n10 Even this sage hath come looking for succour even to V&ta’s\ndocile harnessed horses.\nHere are the Maruts, all thy dear companions: prayers have\nincreased thy power and might, 0 Indra.\n11 Whennightwas nearits close he cannedforward e’entheSun’s\nchariot backward in its running.\nEtasa brought his wheel and firmly stays it: setting it east-\nward he shall give us courage.\ntha5 t*S it s,on te hs e; wu os re sd hif po pr ere sxp or fess Ii nn dg rt ah oe vS ero cm aa mejui tc he e. irW ei nt eh mo iu et so br yst pe re ad yo er rc ah nar dio tt\nhe\nfavourof theirGod.\n3 Yaduand Turvasa: seeIndex. Yeboth: IndraandKutsa. Thefierce •\nSushna, ademonof drought Thou barest Kutsa: to hishome.\n9 Ye blewhimfromthewaters draveSushnafrom the atmosphereinwhich\nhedwelt,\nandthusremovedthegriefoftheeminentmenwhoinstitutedsacri-\nfipes\n10 Lookingforsuccour S&yanatakes avasytihhereasthe nameof aRishi\ntheseerofthehymn.\n11 The return of thelingering morningsunappears tobeattributed^ on\nsomeparticularoccasion, tothespecialinterventionofIndraonhisfavourite’s\nbehalf. Thestanzaishardlyintelligibleasitstands. S&yana explainsEtasa\nb IIy\n.\n* 1f 6o 2r f)E jt aa ns da’ hisT eh xe plv ae nr as te ioi ns id sis crc iu ts is ce id zedby byPr Po rf o. f.Ge Ll ud dn we ir g( (V Ue ed bi es rche dieSt Eu ed ui ee Sp *,\ntenArbeiten&c. p. 171)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 488,
            "content": "; : ; : : .\nHYMm\nTHE OF [BOOK V\n4:94 '\n12 This Indra, 0 ye men, hath come to see you, seeking a friend\nwho hath expressed the Soma.\nThe creaking stone is laid upon the altar, and the Adhvaryus\ncome to turn it quickly#\n|3 Letmortals whowere happy still behappy : letthem notcome\nto sorrow, 0 Immortal. —\nLove thou the pious, and tothese thypeople with whommay\n„ we he numbered— give thou vigour.\nHYMN XXXII\nIndra.\nThe well thou clavest, settest free the fountains, and gavest\nrestto floods that were obstructed.\nThou, Indra, laying the great mountain open, slaying the\nDanava, didst loosethe torrents.\n2 The*fountain-depths obstructed in their seasons, thou, Thun-\nderer madestflow, the mountain's udder.\n1\nStrong Indra, thouby slaying e'entheDragonthat lay extend-\ned there hastshown thy vigour.\n3 Jndra with violence smote down the weapon, yea, even of that\nwild and mighty creature.\nAlthoughhedeemedhimselfaloneunequalled, anotherhadbeen\nborn e’enyet more potent.\n4 Him, whom the heavenly food of these delighted, child of the\nmist, strong waxing, couched in darkness,\nHim the bolt-hurlingThundererwithhislightning smotedown\nand slew, the Danava's wrath-fire, Sushna.\n5 Though he might ne'er be wounded still his vitals felt that,\nthe God's bolt, which his powers supported,\nWhen, after offered draughts, Strong Lord, thou laidest him,\nfain to battle, in the pit in darkness.\n6 Him as he lay there huge in length extended, still waxing in\nthe gloom which no sun lightened,\nHim, afterloud-voicedthreats, the Hero Indra, rejoicing in the\npoured libation, slaughtered.\n7 When 'gainst the mighty Danava his weapon Indra uplifted,\npower which none could combat,\nWhen at the hurling of his bolt he smote him, he made him\nlower than all living creatures.\n12 Thecreakingstone theupperpress-stone.\n1 The well: the rain-cloud. The fountains thesourcesof thewaters-of\nthefirmament. Themountain themassive cloud.\nThe Dtinava Vritra, thesonof Danu,\n4 Ofthese oflivingcreatures."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 489,
            "content": ": .\nJHY0N 33.] THE RIGVEDA. 495\n8 The fierce God seized that hugeand restless coder, insatiate,\ndrinker of the sweets, recumbent,\nAnd with his mighty weapojt ii| his dwelling smote down the\nfootless evil-speaking ogre.\n190 Who may arresthisstrengthorcheckhisvigour? Alone, resist-\nless, he bears offall riches.\nEven these Twain, these Goddesses, through terror of Indra’s\nmight, retire from his dominion.\n.\nE’en the Celestial Axe bows downbefore him, and the Earth,\nlover-like, gives way to Indra.\nAs he imparts all vigour to these people, straightway the folk\nbend them to him the Godlike.\nIllhearthatthouwastbornsoleLordofheroesoftheFiveEaces,\nfamed among the people.\nAs such my wishes have most lately grasped him, invoking\nIndra both at eve and morning.\n12 So, too, I hear ofthee as indue seasonurging toaction and en-\nriching singers.\nWhat have thy friends receivedfrom thee, the Brahmans who,\nfaithful, rest their hopes on thee, 0 Indra?\nHYMN\nXXXIII.\nIndra,.\nGreat praise to Indra, great and strong mid heroes, I ponder\nthus, the feeble to the Mighty,\nWho with his band shows favour to this people, when lauded,\nin the fight where spoil is gathered\n2 So made attentive byourhymns, Steer! Indra! thoufastenedst\nthe girth of thy Bay Coursers,\nWhich, Maghavan, at thywillthoudrivesthither. Withthese\nsubdue for us the men who hate us.\n3 Theywerenotturnedtous-ward, lofty Indra! whileyetthrough\nlack of prayer they stood unharnessed.\nAscendthis chariot, thou whosehand wields thunder, anddraw\nthe rein, 0 Lord of noble horses.\n9 These Goddesses: Heavenand Earth.\n10E'en theCelestialAxe perhapsthethunderbolt,whichisoneofthemean-\ni sn eg ls f-a ss us pi pg on re td edto hes av vd ed nh ,i ’ti ah n. dS P& ry oa fen sa soe rxp Rl oai tn hs tt hh ie nkw sor td hai tn ath ti rs eepas os fag ve era ys h‘ at rh de\nwood, called Svadhiti,is intended,aswe mightsay, even theoak bendsdown\nbeforehim.\n11 Of theFive Races: belonging tothe five Aryan tribes. But see Muir,\nOriginalSanskrit Texts i Yol, I, 178,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 490,
            "content": "#6 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK V\nt\ni Thou, because many laud! are thine 0 Indra, Avastactive war-\n?\nring in the fields for cattfe.\nFor Surya inhisown abodesthou, Hero,formedst infightseven\na £)Elsa’s nature.\n5 Thine are we, Indra ; thine are4 JI these people, conscious of\n' might, whose cars are set in motidn.\nSome hero come to us, 0 Strong as Ahi beauteous in war, to\n!\nbe invoked like Bhaga.\n6 Strength much to be desired is in thee, Indra : the Immortal\ndances forth his hero exploits.\nSuch, Lord of Treasure, give us splendid riches. I praise the\nFriend’s gift, his whose wealth is mighty,\n7 Thus favour us, 0 Indra with thy succour Hero, protect\nthe bards who sing thy? praises. ;\nge friendly in the fray to those who offer the skin of beauti-\n10\nful and well-pressed Soma.\n:\n8 And these ten steeds which Trasadasyu gives me, the gold-\nrich chief, the son of Purukutsa,\nResplendent in their brightness shall convey me. Gairikshita\nwilled it and so came I hither.\n9 And these, bestowed as sacrificialguerdon, the powerfultawny\nsteeds of Marutllsva;\nAnd thousands which kind Chyavat&na gave me, abundantly\nbestowed formy adornment.\nAnd these commended horses, bright and active, by Dhvanya\nson of Lakshmana presented,\nCame unto me, as cows into the Rishi Samvarana’s stall, with\nmagnitude of riches.\nHYMN XXXIV.\nIndra.\nBoundless and wastingnot, the heavenlyfood of Gods goes to\nthe foeless One, doer of wondrous deeds.\nPress out, make ready, offer gifts with special zeal to him\nwhom many laud, accepter of the prayer,\n4 Thesecond halfofthestanzareferstoaneclipseofthesun. Indraissaid\ntohaveformedforSftryain 1mown abode, thatis,intheeasternheaven, the\nnatureofaD&sa,i.e. madehimaslaveordark.\n6 Dancesforth his heroexploits: battlebeingregardedas a —war'dance, asin\ntheOld Germanpoetry, andinHomer’s fxiXiTEor^aL*Apr}i. Ludwig.\n8 SonofPwnthutsa : Paurukutsyaand Gairikshita are both patronymics\nofTrasadasyu.\n9 This stanza is obscure. Nothing further is known of M&rutdsva or\nOhyavat&na.\n10 Dhvanyaandhis fatherLakshmana are also unknownto fame. These\nrthreeconcludingstanzasarebanished fcotheappendixbyProfessorGrassmann\nasbeing alater addition to the originalhymn."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 491,
            "content": ": : : \"\n8YMNU.] TED MOVEDA. m\n7\n% He who filled fullhis belly withthe Soma’s juice, Maghavan,\nwas delighted with the meath’s sweet draught,\nWhen tlsani, that he might slay the monstrous beast, gave\nhim the mighty weapon^with a thousand points, /i\n3 Illustrious is the man whoever presseth out Soma for him in\nsunshine or in cloud andrain.\nThe mighty Maghavan who is the sage’s Friend advanceth\nmore and more his beauteousprogeny.\n4 The Strong God dothnotflee awayfromhimwhose sire, whose\nmother or whose brother he hath done to death.\nHe, the Avenger, seeketh this man’s offered gifts this God,\n:\nthe source of riches, doth not flee fromsin.\n5 He seeks no enterprise with five or ten to aid, nor stays with\nhim who pours no juice though prospering well.\nThe Shaker conquers or slays in this way or that, and fro the\npious gives a stable full of kine.\nfi Exceeding strong inwarhestays thechariotwheel,and,hating\nhim who pours not, prospers him who pours.\nIndra the terrible, tamer of every man, as Arya leads\nthe Dasa at his will.\n7 He gathers up for plunder all the niggards’ gear ; excellent\nwealth he gives to him who offers gifts.\nHot even in wide stronghold may all the folk stand firm who\n.\nhave provoked to anger his surpassing might.\n8 When Indra Maghavan hath marked two wealthy men fight-\ning for beauteous cows with all their followers,\nHe who stirs all thingstakes one ashis closeally, and* Shaker,\nwith his Heroes, sends the kine to him.\nS. &y2 anU as ,an ad des me oe nI. c5 a1 l. le1 d0. MrigT ah .emonstrousleast: VritraorAhi ; accordingto\n8 Themeaningof the secondhalf of this stanza is somewhat uncertain.\nProfessor Wilson, following S&yana, renders it: *Sakra disregardstheman\nwho is proudof his descendants and vain of his person, and who, though\nwealthy, is afriend ofthe base.’ Professor p Vt v Professor\nBoth/sinterpretationofthedoubtful words,v> 1 \".i\" ' i enPrahler\nstosst zurdek der starke, machtige den eitlenStutzer, derclemKargen sich\ngesellt.’ Professor Ludwig, whom 1 here follow with hesitation, explains\nkaudsaklutlb,-orhard sahhd (like Agn£vishnu, Agndmarut, 1STftbMnedishtha,\netc.) as, friend with thewise.\n4 Sakraorthe Strong G-od does not fear the vengeance of those whose\nnearestrelationshehaskilledforneglect of his worship.\nDoth not flee from sin perhaps, as Dr. Muir suggests, doesnotfear to\npunishtheoffender againsthim.\n5' TheShaker; he who makeshisenemies tremble, accordingto S&yana.\n6 Thechariot wheel ofhis enemies.\n32"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 492,
            "content": ":\nm\ntee hymns of [book v.\n9 Agni ! I laud the liberal Agnivesi, Satri the type and stand-\nard of the pious.\nMay the collected waters yield him plenty, and his be power-\nful Sjiidbright dominion.\nHYMN XXXV.\nIndra.\nIndra, for ourassistance bring that most effectual power of\nthine,\nWhich conquers men for us, and wins the spoil, invincible in\nfight.\n2 Indra, whatever aids be thine, four be they, or, 0 Hero, three,\nOr those of the Five Tribesof men, bringquickly all that help\nto us.\n3 The §.id most excellent of thee the Mightiest hitherward we\ncall,\nFor thou wast born with hero might, conquering, Indra, with\nthe Strong.\n\"4:..Mighty to prosper us wast thou born, and mighty is the\n\"Vs strength thou hast.\nIn native power thy soul is firm : thy valour, Indra, slays a€\nhost.\n5 0 Satakratu, Lord of Strength, 0 Indra, Caster ofthe Stone,\nWith all thy chariot’s force assail the man who shows himself\nthy foe.\n6 For, MightiestVritra-slayer,thee,fierce, foremostamongmany,\nfolk\nWhose sacred grass is trimmed invite to battle where the\nspoil is won.\n7 Indra, do thou protect our car that mingles foremost in the\nfights,\nThat bears its partinevery fray, invincible and seeking spoil.\n8 Come to us, Indra, andprotect our car with thine intelligence.\nMay we, 0 Mightiest One, obtain excellent fame at break of\nday, and meditate our hymn at dawn.\n9 Agnivcsi; sonofAgnivesa, Satri, aprince orchiefwhose name does not\noccuragainin theRigveda.\n2 Four be they accordingto S&yana, thefavours or succours given to the\nfourcastes ; three, similarlymeaningthesuccoursgiventothe three worlds.\n3 With theStrong ,* the Maruts,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 493,
            "content": ";\nHYMN 37J THE RIGVELA. 499\nHYMN XXXVL\nIndra.\nMay Indra come to us, he who knows rightly to give forth\ntreasures from his store of riches. 4\nEven as a thirsty steer who roams the deserts may he\neagerly the milked-out Soma.\n2 Lord of Bay Horses, Hero, may the Soma rise ~to thy cheeks\nandjaws like mountain-ridges.\nMay we, 0 King, as he who driveth coursers, all joy in thee\nwith hymns, invoked of many !\n3 Invoked of many, Caster of the Stone my heart quakes like\n1\na rolling wheel for fear of penury.\nShall not Puruvasu the singer give thee praise, 0 ever-pros-\npering Maghavan, mounted on thy car?\n4 Like the press-stone is this thy praiser, Indra. Loudly he lifts\nhisvoice with strong endeavour.\nWith,thy left hand, O Maghavan, give us riches with thy\n:\nright, Lord of Bays, be not reluctant.\n‘5 May the strong Heaven makethee the Strong wax stronger :\nStrong, thou art’borne by thy two strong Bay Horses.\nSo, fair of cheek, with mighty chariot, mighty, uphold us,\nstrong-willed, thunder-armed, in battle.\n6 Maruts, let all the people in obeisance bow down before this\nyouthful Srutaratha,\nWho, rich in steeds, gave me two dark red horses together\nwith three hundred head of cattle.\n*\nHYMN XXXVII.\nIndra.\nBedbwed with holy oil and meetly worshipped, the Swift One\nvies with Surya’s beam in splendour.\nFor him may mornings dawn without cessation who saith, Let\nus press Soma out for Indra.\n2 With kindled fire and strewn grass let him worship, atid,\nSoma-presser, sing with stones adjusted\n:\nAnd let the priest whose press-stones ring forth loudly, go\ndown with his oblation to the river.\n3 Purdvasu ; I, theEishi ; apparentlythesameasPr&bhuvasu, the seer of\nthehytrm,\n1 TheSwift One: Agni.\n2 TotheHver forablutionbeforesacrificing."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 494,
            "content": "—\n.\nm\nTEE HYMNS OF [BOOH V.\n3 This wife is coming near who loves her husband who carries\nto his home a vigorous consort.\nMere may his car seek fame, here loudly thunder, and his\nwhe? el make a thousand revolutions,\n4 No troubles vex that King in whose home Indra drinks the\nsharp Soma juicewith milk commingled.\nWith heroes he drives near, he slays the foeman Blest, che-\n:\nrishing that name, he guards his people.\n5 May he support in peace and win in battle : he masters both\nthe hosts that meet together.\nDear shall he be to Surya, dear to Agni, who with pressed\nSoma offers gifts to Indra.\nHYMN XXXVIII. Indra.\nWide, Indra Satakratu, spreads the bounty of thine ample\ngrace\n:\nSo, Lord of fair dominion, Friend of all men, give us splendid\nwealth.\n2 Thefood which, Mightiest Indra, thou possessest worthy of\nrenown\nIs bruited asmost widely famed, invincible, 0 Grolden-hued\n!\n3 0 Darter of the Stone, the powers which readily obey thy\nwill,\nDivinities, both thou and they, ye rule, to guard them, earth\ns* and heaven.\n4 And from whatever power ofthine, 0 Vritra-slayer, it may be,\n*Bring thou to us heroic strength thou hast a man's regard\n:\nfor us.\n5 In thy protection, with these aids of thine, 0 Lord of Hundred\nPowers,\nIndra, may webe guarded well, Hero,maywebe guarded well*\nHYMN XXXIX.\nIndra.\nStoke-barting Indra, Wondrous One, what wealth is richly\ngiven from thee,\nThatbounty, Treasure-Finder bring, filling both thy hands,\n!\nto us.\nto3 thT eh si as crw ii fif ce e.:accordingto S&yana, thewife ofIndrawho accompanies ,Iii-m\n4 Thefoeman:orthewickedman,orhisenemy,pdpcmraivinamvd,-S&yana,\n3 Thepowers:accordingtoS&yana, thestrongMaruts,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 495,
            "content": ": ;\nMrM-N 40.] THE RWVEDA. 601\n2 Bring what thou-deemeafc worth thewish, 0 Indra, that which\nis in heaven.\nSomayweknow theea&thoiiart,boundlessinthylUifhificence.\n3 Thy lofty spirit, far-renowned as fain to give and prompt to\nwin,—\nWith this thou rendest e’enthefirm, Stone-Darter so to gain\n!\nthee strength.\n4 Singers with many songs have made Indra propitious to their\nfame*\nHim who is King of humankind, mostliberalof yourwealthy\nones.\n5 To him, to Indra mustbe sung the poetfs word, the hymn of\npraise.\nTo him, accepter of the prayer, the Atris raise their songs on\nhigh, the Atris beautify theirsongs.\nHYMN\nXL. Indra. S&rya,Atri,\nOoaiE thou to what the stones have pressed, drink Soma, 0\nthou Soma’s Lord,\nIndra best Vritra-slayer Strong One, with the Strong.\n2 Strong is the stone, the draught is strong, strong is this Soma\nthat is pressed,\nIndra, best Vritra-slayer, Strong Onewith the Strong*\n3 As strong I call onthee the Strong, 0 Thunder-armed, with\nvarious aids,\nIndra, best Vrita-slayer, Strong One With the Strong.\n4 Impetuous, Thunderer, Strong, quelling the mighty, Sing,\npotent, Vritra-slayer, Soma-drinker,\nMay he come hither with his yaked. Bay Horses ; may Indra\ngladden him at the noon libation.\nf> 0 Siirya, when the Aslira’s descendant, Svarbhanu, pierced\nthee through and through with darkness,\nAll creatures looked like one who is bewildered, who knoweth\nnot the place where he is standing.\n—\nThehymnisnothomogeneous. The firstpart(1 4) is a separateinvoca-\ntion of Indra, and the subjectof thesecond part is the Sun’s eclipse by\nSvarbhanu and releasebyAtri.\n.\n1 With theStrong togetherwiththeMaruts.\n5 SvarbMim the Asura or demon who causes eclipses of the sun and\nmoon, theB&huof latertimes. Thenamedoes not occur again intheBig-\nveda."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 496,
            "content": "; ; : : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK V.\n6 What time thou smotest down Svarbhanu’s magic that spread\nitsglf beneath the sky, 0 Indra,\nBy his fourth sacred prayer Atri discovered Surya concealed\nin gloom that stayed his function.\n7 Let not the oppressor with this dread, through anger swallow\nme up, for I am thine, 0 Atri.\nMitra art thou, the sender of true blessings thou and King\n:\nVarunabe both my helpers.\n8 The Brahman Atri, as he set the press-stones, serving the\nGods with praise and adoration,\nEstablished in the heaven the eye of Surya, and caused Svar-\nbhanu’s magic arts,to vanish.\n9 The Atris foundthe Sun again, him whom Svarbhanu of the\nbrood\nOf Asuras had pierced with gloom. This none besides had\npower to do.\nHYMN XLL Visvedevas.\nWho, Mitra-Varuna, is your pious servant to give you gifts\nfrom earth or mighty heaven?\nPreserve us in the seat of holy Order, and give the offerer\npower that winneth cattle.\n2 May Mitra, Varuna, Aryaman, and Ayu, Indra Ribhukshan,\nand the Maruts, love us,\nAnd they who of one mind with bounteous Rudra accept the\nhymn and laud with adorations.\n3 You will I call to feed the car-horse, Asvins, with the wind’s\nflight swiftest of those who travel\n6 By hisfourth sacred prayer according to S&yana, by four stanzas\n(5—8) of this hymn. Probably, as Ludwig suggests, a fourth prayer in\nadditiontotheusual liturgyof threeprayersagainst aneclipse. Prof. Lan-\nmandiscussesand translatesthelatter portion of thehymninFestgruss an\nR.vonRoth, pp. 187 f.,and adduces an interesting Buddhist parallel from\ntheSamyutta-bTMya, I. ii.1.\n7 SuryaortheSunis thespeaker. Theoppressor : Svarbh&nu,\n9 Of thebroodof Asuras; theworddsurdk in thishymnmeansbelonging\nto,ordescendantof, Asuras, demonsorevilspirits. This use of thewordis\nunknownintheearliestportionsof theRigveda.\nA\n2 Ayu heresaidtomeanV&yu,theGodof wind. See1,162.1.Thecelestial\nAgniis probablyintended. Bibhuhhan a nameof Indra, as Lord oi the\nJtibhus. *\nAndtheywho theMaruts especially, asbeingRudra’ssons."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 497,
            "content": "—\n: : : : ; j . '\nHYMN 41.] THE RIGVEDA 503\nOr also to the Asura of heaven, Worshipful, bring a hymn as\n’twere libation.\n/>\n4 The heavenly Yicte, he whose priest is Kanva, Trita with\nDyaus accordant, Vata, Agni,\nAll-feeding Pushan, Bhaga sought the oblation, as they whose\nsteeds are fleetest seek the contest.\n5 Bring ye your riches forward borne on horses let thought be\n:\nframed for help and gain of treasure.\nBlest be the priest of Ausija through courses, the courses\nwhich are yours the fleet, 0 Maruts.\n6 Bring hither him who yokes the car, your Yayu, who praises\nwith his songs, the God and Singer;\nAnd, praying and devout, npble and prudent, may the Gods’\nSpouses in their thoughts retain us.\n7 I speed to you with powers that should be honoured, with\nsongs distinguishingHeaven’s mighty Daughters,\nMorning and Night, the Two, as ’twere all-knowing : these\nbring the sacrifice unto the mortal.\n8 You I extol, the nourishers of heroes, bringing you gifts,\nVastoshpati and Tvashtar\n—\nBich Dhishanaaccords through ourobeisance and Trees and\nPlants, for the swift gain of riches.\n9 Ours be the Parvatas, even they, for offspring, free-moving?\nwho are Heroes like the Yasus.\nMay holy Aptya, Friend of man, exalted, strengthen our\nword for ever and be near us.\n3 The Asura of heaven: or the Lord of heaven. According to Sdyarja\nAsurameans here eitherthe destroyerof life, Rudra, or the giverof life,\nStiryaorV&yu.\n4 Theheavenly Victor Indra. Trita according to Scty&naTrita hereis\nnotthenameof aseparatedeity(TritaAptya),butan epithetofY&yu, per-\nvadingthethreeregions of earth, firmament, andheaven.’\n5 The—priestof Ausija: Atri,the ministrant priest of Kaksliiv&ntheson\nof XJsij. S&yana.\n8 Vdstoshpati Lordof theHomestead, Indra,\nDhishund: a Goddess presiding over prosperity and gain ; according to\nS&yana, Vagdevatft, the Goddess of speech. *\n9 TheParvatas thegenii who presideover mountains and clouds. For\noffspring thatthey maygiveus childrenand children’schildren.\nHoly Aptya TritaAptya, adivinity or mythical beingwhodwellsin the\nremotestpartof theheavens."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 498,
            "content": ": : : o\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK V,\n10 THta praised\"him, germ of the earthly hero, withpure songs\nhir^ the Offspring of the Waters.\nAgiil with might neighs loudly like a charger; he of the\nflaming hair destroys the forests.\n11 How shall we speak to the great might of Rudra % How\nspeak to Bhaga who takes thought for riches\nMay Plants, the Waters, and the Sky preserve us, and Woods\nand Mountains with their trees for tresses.\n12 May the swift Wanderer, Lord of refreshments, list to our\nsongs, who speedsthrough cloudy heaven;\nAnd may the Waters, brightlike castles, hear us, as theyflow\nonward from the cloven mountain.\n*13 We know yourways, ye Mighty Ones receiving choice meed,,\n:\nye Wonderful, we will proclaim it.\nEven strong birds descend not to the mortal whostrives to\nreachthem with swift blow and weapons.\n; ,\nLA Celestial and terrestrial generations, and Waters will I sum-\nmonto the feasting.\nMay days with bright dawns cause my songs to prosper, and\nmay the.conquered streams increase theirwaters.\n15 Duly to each one hath my laud been offered. Strong be Va-\nrutri with her powers-to succour.\n10 Germofthe earthlyhero: Agni, the Offspring of theWaters, whode-\nvelopsintothestrongGod, or Hero, whoappearsonearthintheformof ter-\nrestrialfire.\n12 Swift Wanderer: Vftyu, Godof thecircumambientwind.\nAs theyflow onward the texthaspdri snicho. S&yana explains srtich\n(ladies) by saranastldh inclined or accustomed toflow. ProfessorLudwig\n}\nsuggestsparisruto (flowingroundorover) asthe originalreading.\nClovenmountain according to Sftyana, theincreasing, i. e. the towering,\norswelling, mountain, orcloud.\n18 This stanzais exceedinglydifficult. Ifollow Professor Ludwig in his\ni an ret ,er ap nre dta wt eio gn l, ora in fd yu yn od ue br es ct aa un sd et yh oe ume rea wn ai rn dg ut sob foe r: dow ie ngk sn oo .ww Ifha yt ouyo au pr pew aa ry es\nd\ntous onlyashostileand terrible deities we should, not praiseyou.any more\nthanbirds allowthemselves tobelureddownby themanwhoshootsatthem.\nProfessorWilson,followingS&yana,paraphrasesthestanza\n:\n‘MightyMaruts,\nof goodlyaspect) quicklyhear (thepraises) thatwewhorepairtoyourepeat,\ncof of me erin dg owa ncc te opt ua sbl (e des( to rbl oa yt ii no gn )s w) i: th(t th he eiM ra wr eu at ps o) nsoo tm hi en mg orh ti at lh ser o, ppw oe sl el dd ti osp to hs ee md ,,\n(overcome)byagitation/\nW14 Theconqueredstreams wonfromthehostilebarbarians.\nVarfUrt: oneof a classof guardian Goddesses. See I.22, 10, andIII,\n62, 8,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 499,
            "content": ": : ; ;\nMtMN -43.] Ate®RIGVMDA, 505,\nMay the great Mother Easfi here befriend us: straight-handed,\n,\nwith the princes, strivingforward.\n16 How may we serve the Liberal OneswithWorship, the Maruts\nswift of course in invocation, the Maruts far-renowned in\n‘invocationA\nLet not the Dragon of the Deep annoy ns, and gladly may\nhe-welcome our addresses.\n17 Thus thinking, O ye Gods, the mortal winsyou to give him\nincrease of his herds of cattle the mortal Wins him, Oye\n;\nGods, your favour.\nHere he wins wholesome food to feed this body as fo, r mine\n:\nold age, Nirriti consume it 1\n18 0 Gods, may we obtain from you this favour, strengthening\nfood through the Cow's praise, ye Vasus.\nMay she who gives good gifts, the gracious Goddess, come\nspeeding nigh to us for our well-being.\n19 May Ila, Mother of the herds of cattle, and Urvasi with all\nthe streams accept us\nMay Urvasi in lofty heaven accepting, as she partakes the\noblation of the living,\n20 Visit us while she shares fJrjavya’s food.\nHYMN XLIL Vijfvectevas,\n.\nNow may our sweetest songwithdeep devotion reachVanina*\nMitra, Aditi, and Bhaga.\nMay the Five Priests3 Lord, dwelling in oblations, bliss-giving\nAsura, hear, whose paths are open.\nMastd amythicalstreamwhichflowsroundthe earthandtheatmosphere,\nherepersonifiedas.abenignant Goddessi earth, accordingtoSftyana. Seel.\n112; !2. Straight-handed holdingoutherhandtoguideandhelpus*\n16 The Dragon oftheBee$ : Ahlbudhnya, theregent of thedepthsof the\nfirmament.\nup17 myNi or lr dit ai ge: (t nh oe tG mo ed ).d ’e—ss Luof dwd ie gst .ruction. ‘MayXirriti(hethinks)swallow\n19 lid here meaning Barth, according to S&yana. Urvasi: apparently\nFervourorEnthusiasmpersonifiedas adivinebeing.\n20 Urjavyd’sfood: theviands providedby Orjavya, theprince orpatrons\nwhoinstitutesthesacrifice,\nThehymnisgenerally difficult andobscure andparts of the- translation\n;\nare, andmustatpresentbe, conjectural.\n1 The Five Priests’ LW: y-r~~f!y Vmina, the fivepriestswhoserve\nhimbeingfiveAdityas, A.\n.. >. . tt.j,\n;Y&yuismeant."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 500,
            "content": "; ! ;\n506 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK F\n2 May Aditi welcome, even as a mother her dear heart-gladden-\ning son, my song that lauds her.\nThe prayer they love, bliss-giving, God-appointed, I offer unto\nYaruna and Mitra.\n3 Inspirit him, the Sagest of the Sages; with sacrificial oil and\nmeath bedew him.\nSo then let him, God Savitar, provide us excellent, ready, and\nresplendent treasures.\n4 Withwillingmind, Indra, vouchsafeus cattle, prosperity, Lord\nof Bays and pious patrons\n!\nAnd, with the sacred prayer by Gods appointed, give us the\nholy Deities’ loving-kindness.\n5 God Bhaga, Savitar who deals forth riches, Indra, and they\nwho conquer Vritra’s treasures,\nAnd V&ja and Ribhukshan and Purandhi,the Mightyand Im-\nmortal Ones, protect us\n6 Let us declare his deeds, the undecaying unrivalled Victor\nwhom the Maruts follow.\nNone of old times, 0 Maghavan, nor later, none of these days\nhath reached thyhero prowess.\n7 Praise him the Chief who gives the boon of riches, Brihaspati\ndistributer of treasures,\nWho, blessingmosttheman whosings andpraises, comeswith\nabundant wealth to his invoker.\n8 Tended, Brihaspati, with thy protections, the princes are un-\nharmed and girt by heroes.\nWealth that brings bliss is found among the givers of horses\nand of cattle and of raiment.\n9 Make their wealth flee who, through ourhymns enjoyingtheir\nriches, yield us not an ample guerdon.\nFar from the sun keep those who hate devotion, the godless*\nprospering in their vocation.\n10 With wheelless chariots drive down him, 0 Maruts, who at\nthe feasts of Gods regards the demons.\nMay he, though bathed iu sweat, form empty wishes, who\nblames his sacred rite who toils to serve you.\n11 Praise him whose bow is strong and sure his arrow, him who\nis Lordof every balm that healeth.\n3 TheSayestoftheSages Savitar,perhaps asidentifiedwithAgni,\n5 Rlblmkskan: inthisplaceissaidbyS&yanato mean Ribhu, and Parana\ndhi(theintelligent)tomean Vibhvan,\n11\nPramMm\n; Rudra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 501,
            "content": ": ; :: : : : ,\nHYMN 43.] THE RIGVEDA. 507\nWorsjhipthouRudraforhisgreatgoodfavour adoretheAsura,\n:\nGod, with salutations.\n12 May the House-friends, the cunning-handed Artists/7may the\nSteer's Wives, the streams carved out by Vibhvan,\nAnd may the fair Ones honour and befriend us, Sarasvati,\nRrihaddiva, and R&ksL\n13 My newest song, thought that now springs within me, I offer\nto the Great, the Sure Protector,\nWho made for us this All, in fondlove laying eachvariedform\nwithin his Daughter’s bosom.\n14 Now, even now, may thy fair praise, 0 Singer, attain Idaspati\nwho roars and thunders,\nWho, richin clouds and waters withhis lightningspeeds forth\nbedewing both the earth and heaven.\n15 May this my laud attain the troop of Maruts, those who are\nyouths in act, the Sons of Rudra.\nThe wish calls me to riches and well-being praise theunwea-\n:\nried Ones whose steeds are dappled.\n16 May this my laud reach earth and air’s mid-region, and forest\ntrees and plants to win me riches.\nMay every Deity be swift to listen, and Mother Earthwith no\nill thought regard me.\n17 Gods, may we dwell in free untroubled bliss. *\n18 May weobtain the Asvins’ newestfavour, andgaintheirhealth-\nbestowing happy guidance.\nBring riches hither unto us, and heroes, and all felicity and\njoy, Immortals ! HYMN\nXLIII. Visvedevas,\nMay the Milch-cows who hasten to their object come harmless\nunto us with liquid sweetness.\nThe Singer, lauding, calls, for ample riches, the Seven Mighty\nOnes who bring enjoyment.\n12 Thecunning-handedArtists theRibhus. TheSteer*s Wives thespouses\nofthemighty Indra. Carvedout by Vibhvan whose channelswere formed\nbyhimasthe artificer ofVaruna.\nS&B yr ai nh aad tad ki ev sd t: heaG wo od rd des insf thr ie squ pe ln at cl ey aa sss ao nci ea pt ie td hew ti ,th 4l vif et, rySar ba rs iv la lt iai n, ta /n od fot Mh ker ds ,.\nthe Goddesswhopresidesoverthe dayoffull moon.\n13 TheGreat, theSureProtector Indra. Sis Daughter: Earth. Here, as\nLudwigobserves,wehavethegermofthemythofPraj&patiandhisdaughter.\nCf. X. 61. —\n14 Idaspati the Lord of thelibation herePar]anya, Godof therain-\n;\nclouds.\n1 The Milch-cows therivers. TheSevenMightyOnes probablytheIndus,\nthefiverivers ofthePanj&b, and theSarasvati, orthe Kubh&, See I, 32. 12."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 502,
            "content": ": :\nm TmmMM\n&P [book %\n%& With reYemnoe-andfair, praise will X bringhither, for sake of\nstrength, exhaustless Earth and Heaven,\nEating and Mother* sweet of speech, fair'handed, may they,\nfar-famed, In every flight protect us.\nAdhvarynSj; make the sweet libations toady, and bring the\nbeautiful bright juice to V&yu,\nGrod,. as ourPriest, be thouthefir's,t to drinkit: we givethee\nof the mead to-make thee joyful,\n—\ni Two arms 1 the Soma’s dexterous immolators—^and the ten\nfingers set and fix the press*stone.\nThe stalk hath poured, fair with its spreading branches, the\nmead’s brightglittering juice that dwells on mountains.\n8 The Somahath been pressed for thee, its loYer, to give thee\npower and mightand high enjoyment.\nInvoked-, turnhitherinthyoar, 0 Indra, at need, thytwoWell-\ntrained and dear Bay Horses.\n6 jIMng byGod-traversed paths, accordant, Agni, the great Ara-\nUxati, Celestial Lady,\nExalted,,Worshipped with ourgifts and homage, who knoweth\nholy Law, to drink sweet Soma,\n7 As on his father’s lap the son, the darling, so on the fine isset\nthe sacred caldron,\nWhich holy singers deck, as- if extending and heating that\nwhich holds the fatty membrane.\n8 Hither, as herald to invite the Asvins, come the great lofty\nsong, most sweet and pleasant\n1\nCome in one car, Joy-givers ! tothe banquet,liketheboltbind-\ning pole and nave, come hither.\n9 I have-declared this speech of adoration to mightiest Pdshan\nand victorious Vayu,\n4 Immolators orpreparer^.\n6 Ammati: the Goddess whopresides overworship and activepiety, and\nalsopersonifiestheEarth the 8penta-Armaiti,or HolyPiety, and Spiritof\nEarth,oftheZoroastrians.;\n7 As if extending ; perhaps, stretching (over thefire) and soroasting, as\nProf. Rothexplains. Beati—ngthatwhich holdsthefattymembrane: 1roasting\namarrow-yielding animal.’ Wilson. Thempftistheomentumormembrane\nenfoldingtheintestines of thevictim, specially offered to Godsin the Vapdr\nhutisacrifice.\n8 Joy-givers ye beneficent Asvins. Like the bolt: fAs the1 cart' cannot\nmoyeiftheaxle ofthewheelisnotfastenedbythe pinorbolt, so the offer*\ningoftheSomais without efficacy unless the Aswinsbe present.’—Wilson,\nfromSftyana,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 503,
            "content": "; !\nHYMN 48.] tHAEIGVEHA. $09\nWho by their bounty are the hymns’ inspirers, and of them-\nselves give power as a possession.\n10 Invoked by us bring hither, Jatavedas\n!\nthe Maruts fill*under\ntheir names and figures.\nCome to the sacrifice with aid all Maruts, all to the songs and\nptaises ofthe singer\n!\n11 From high heaven may Sarasvati the Holy visit our sacrifice,\nand from the mountain.\nEager, propitious, may the balmy Goddess hear our effectual\nspeech, our invocation.\n12 Set in his seat the God whose back is dusky, Brihaspati the\nlofty, the Disposer.\nHim let us worship, set within the dwelling, the red, the\ngolden-hued, the all-resplendent.\n13 May the Sustainer, highinheaven, comehither,theBounteous\nOne, invoked, with all his favours,\nDweller with Dames divine, with plants, unwearied, the Steer\nwith triple horn, the life-bestower.\n11 The tuneful eloquent priesl/s of him who liveth have sought\nthe Mother’s bright and loftiest station.\nAs living men, with offered gifts and homage they deck the\nmost auspicious Child to clothe him..\n15 Agni, great vital p.ower is thine, the mighty : pairs waxingold\nin their devotion seek thee.\nMay every Deity be swift to listen, and Mother Earth withno\nill thought regard me.\n1fi Gods, maywe dwell in free untroubled bliss.\n17 May we obtain the Asvins’ newest favour, and gain their\nhealth-bestowing happy guidance\nBring riches hither unto us, and heroes, and all felicity and\njoy, Immortals\ning11 fluB ida .lmy fT: helit se hr oal wl ey, ref ril ol fed ww ai tt erh ., ’o —r Wisp lr si on nk .lingghritd ,oil, fatness,orfertilis-\n1-2 Whoseboohis dusky: darkenedby envelopingsmoke, Brihaspati being\nhereidentified withAgni.\ncor1 d3 ingTh te\no\nS Su &s yt aa uin a, ,#' ha; vo ir ngthe hov re nr sy os rtr fo ln ag meO sne, ofAg tn hi r.\nee\ncW oi lt oh urst ,ri rp el de ,wh ho ir tn e,: aa nc d-\nblack(withsmoke).\n14 Eloquent themeaningofrdspirtfsahisuncertain. S&yanaexplai.ns itby\n^holdersof sacrificialladles,’ TheMotheristheearth, andherloftieststation\nisthealtar. Ofhimwho liveth: ofthelivingman,theworshipper, The Child\nhis alA 1 fg 5n oi fP. a ti hr is s: sth au nzm aa in sp ra ei pr es ato ef dwo fr rs oh mip sp te a• r ns za;h 1u 6s ob fan td hes pa rn ed cew di i.v ne gs. hymT nh .e second\n16 Thisline andthe fallowingstanzaare identical with 17and-.18 ofthe\nprecedinghymn."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 504,
            "content": "; K: : } : : :\nK\n510 TRE HYMNS OF [BOOR\nHYMN\nXLIY. Visvedevas.\n,\nAs in the first old times, as all were wont, as now, he draweth\nforth the power turned hitherward with song,\nThe Princedom throned on holy grass, who findethlight,swift,\nconquering in the plants wherein he waxeth strong.\n2 Shining tohimwholeaves heaven’s regionsundisturbed, which\nto his sheenwho is beneath show fair in light,\nGood guardian art thou, notto be deceived, Most Wise Far\n!\nfrom deceits thy name dwelleth in holy Law.\n3 Truth waits upon oblation presentandtocome naughtchecks\n:\nhim in his way, this victory-bringing Priest\nThe Mighty Child who glides along the sacred grass, the un-\ndecaying Youthset in the midst of plants.\n1\n4: These come, well-yoked, to you for furtherance in the rite :\ndown come the twin-born strengtheners of Law for him,\nWith reins easily guided and commanding all. In the deep\nfall the hide stealeth away their names.\n:\n5 Thou, moving beauteously in visibly pregnantones, snatching\n5 with trees thebranchingplant that grasps the juice,\nShinest,trueSinger\n!\nmidtheupholdersof thevoice. Increase\nthy Consorts thou, lively at sacrifice.\n1 Redrawethforth:theAgnfdh,orpriestwhokindlesthesacrificialfire,draws,\norliterallymilksout,Agnifromthefire-sticksbyattrition. IfollowProfessor\nLudwig intaking dohase and vardhase as thirdpersons singular. Professor\nGrassmannbanishes tohis Appendixthis cmostbombasticandintentionally\nobscurehymn,’ whichheconsiderstobealaterinterpolation. ThePrincedom:\nthePrince,Apxv,yyeshUtdtwntheabstractbeingusedfortheconcrete.\n2 WhS ohi in si bn eg net ao th him theap Sp ua nren wt hl ey, nt ho et ih se seS ttu in ng; ,b ou rt pet rh he apm sea An gni in .g Tis hou unce Ir nt da ri an ,.\n3 Ti'uth waitsupon oblation the hopesand wishesof the sacrificed are\nrealized. Itseemsimpossibletogetanymeaningoutof dtyam (courser)and\nI followProfessorT.v• **.: ' v .1*;;satydm(truthorrealization).Thevictory-\nbringingPriest,the .\"/„\\ ’ \", undecaying Youth ,isAgni.\n4 Thesecome,well-yoked probablythepriests, closely associated in their\nsacred duties, whobringthewaters usedinthepreparationofthe Somaand\nfs oo ra hre imcal fl oe rd As gt nr ieng tt hh een Ce hr is lo df ofLa tw he,i W. ae, tef ru srt .herersofthelaw-appointedsacrifice\nThehi,\ndestealethawaytheirnames accordingtoS&yana, Adityaor the Sun\nsteals (thatis, absorbs)thewatersin low places or Agni appropriates the\nofferings presented to him. Professor Ludwig; is of opnion that krlvih\n(literally,leatherbottleorbag,andmetaphoricallycloud, cistern, orwell) in\nthisplace—samudra initstwofold signification as Soma reservoir and sea.\nThemeaningthen wouldbethatthe namesof the waters, i, e. the waters\nthemselves, fallinto thereservoirandintothesea. AccordingtoSfiyanathe\nwholestanzareferstotheSun,thewell-yokedbeinghis ‘well-combinedrays,’\nThisstanzais addressed to Agni. Visibly pregnant ones: perhaps the\nWaters. Withtrees: withburningfuel. Thy Consorts: theflames,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 505,
            "content": "—\n: : : : : :\nHYMN 44.] TEE RIGVFDA. 511\n6 Like as he is beheld such ishesaidto be. Theywith effectual\nsplendour in the floods have made\nEarth yield us room enough and amply wide extent, great\nmight invincible, with store of hero sons.\n7 Surya the Sage, as if unwedded, withaSpouse, inbattle-loving\nspirit moveth o'er the foes.\nMay he, self-excellent, grant us a sheltering home, a house\nthat wards the fierce heat offon every side.\n8 Thy name, sung forth by Bishis in these hymns of ours,\ngoes to the loftier One with this swift mover’s light.\nBy skill he wins the boon whereon his heart is set : he who\nbestirs himself shall bring the thing to pass.\n9 Thechiefandbestof theseabideth inthe sea, nordoth libation\nfail wherein it is prolonged.\nThe heart of him who praiseth trembleth not in fear there\nwhere the hymn is found connected with the pure.\n10 For it is he: with thoughts of Kshatra, Manasa, of Yajata,\nand Sadhri, and Evavada,\nWith Avatsfira’s sweet songs willwe strive towinthemightiest\nstrength which even he who knows should gain.\n11 The Hawk istheir fullsource, girth-stretching rapturousdrink\nof Visvavara, of Mayin, and Yajata.\nThey ever seek a fresh draught so that they may come, know\nwhen thy time to halt and drink thy All is near.\n12 Saclaprina the holy, Tarya, Srutavit, and Bahuvrikta, joined\nwith you, have slain the foes.\nHe gains his wish in bo—th the worlds and brightly shines\nwhen he adores the host with well-advancing steeds.\n7 Asif umoedded Sfirya theSun-God,althoughweddedtoUshasorDawn,\nis courageous as an unmarried man untroubledbycareforwifeandchild ;\nmay hegiveusassuranceofsecurityashehimselfknowshowdelightful thatis.\n8 Thyname: thename oftheinstitutorof thesacrifice. Theloftier One:\nSfirya. Thisswiftmover's light theflames ofAgni. Eewhobestirshimself\ntherestlessAgni.\n9 Of these hymnsofpraise. Abidethinthesea iscloselyconnectedwith\nthevatorreservoirofSoma. AccordingtoSayanathe meaning is that the\nbestofthehymnsproceedtotheocean-likeSun(samudravatparyavasdimbhiltam\nstiryam).\n—\neet sc\np1\n.\ne0\nca\nirF\nae\nlo lr ysai tit hdi es\nt\nhh oe\nyb\nm:\ne\nn‘H\nt\nishe\ne\nasv ce\nn\nrr\na\nii bml ey\ne ds\n.(is ot fo Bb ie shg il sori af si se od) c. i’ ateW di wl is to hn. AvK as th sat &r ra a, toMa wn has oa m,\n11 Theffawh: whobroughttheSomafromheaven. SeeIV.27. Visvavdra,\nMdyin, and YajataaresaidtobeBishis.\n12 Saddprinaandthe others mentioned in this versearealsoBishis. Ee :\neachofthe ’Bishis, Thehost of Gods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 506,
            "content": ": : ;\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF BOOR V.\n13 The worshippers defender is Sutambhara, producer and up-\nlifter of all holy thoughts.\nThe^nilch’coybrought, sweet-flavouredmilkwasdealtaround.\nWho speaks the bidding text knows this, not hewho sleeps.\n14 The Sacred hymns love him who wakes and watches ; to him\nwho watches come the Sama verses.\nThis Soma saith unto the man who watches, I rest and have\nmy dwelling in thy friendship,\n15 Agni is watchful, and the Bichas love him; Agni is watchful,\nS&ma verses seek him.\nAgni is watchful, to him saith this Soma, I rest and have my\ndwelling in thy friendship.\nHYMN XLY.\nYisvedevas.\nBauds of approaching Dawn who know the heavens are come\nwith hymns to throw the mountain open.\n.\nThe Sun hath risen and oped the stable portals thedoors of\n;\nmen, too, hath the God thrown open.\n2 S&rya hath spread hie light as splendour hither came the\nCows5 Mother, conscious, from the stable,: ,\nTo streams that flowwithbitingwavestodeserts and heavotf\n;\nis stablished like a firm-set pillar.\n3 This laud hath won the burden of the mountain. To aid the\nancientbirth of mighty waters\nThe mountain parted, Heaven performed his office. The wor-\nshippers were worn with constant serving.\n4 With hymns and Coddoved words will I invokeyou, Indra\nand Agni, to obtain yourfavour,\nFor verilysages, skilled in sacrificing, worship theMaruts and\nwith lauds invite them,\n13 Sutambkam : said to be the name of aXvislii. The word meansthe\nbearerof thejuice or libation, professor Ludwig saysthatthe Hawk (et.\n11)isintended.\n15 TheMchas: thehymns andversesof theRigveda.\nThehymnisuxi'OPtlfngly dinkO’ and obscure, andinpartsitseemstobe\nhopelessly uiiiue!:i»ii)!e. Wilson’s paraphrase —and Professor Gras-\namann’atranslationdiffervery wi —dely fromthe version foundedmainly on\nProfessorLudwig’sinterpretation which I offerasatemporarymakeshift.\n1 Bards : theAngiraseswhosingthepraisesof ITshas andwho knowthe\nexact time when morning rites are to be celebrated. The mountain the\ncloud inwhichthestolen Cows,orvanishedraysoflight,havebeenConcealed.\n32 TT hh ee bC uow rs d' enM oo fth te hr em: oB ua nw tan in; th te hp ea sr te on rt eo of\nf\nt wh ae ter ray ws hio cf hli lg ieh st.\nlikeanunborn’\nbabein thebosomof the mountain-like cloud. Performed his office; aided\ntheproductionof therain. Theworshipers theAngirases."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 507,
            "content": "— —\n: ; ; :.: ; :\nHYMN 45.] THE RIGVEDA. 513\n5 This day approach us : may our thoughtshe holy, far from us\nlet us cast away misfortune.\nLet us keep those who hate us at a distance, andchaste to\nmeet the man who sacrifices.\n6 Come, let us carry out, 0 friends, the purpose wherewith the\nMother threw the Cow’s stallopen,\nThat wherewith Manu conquered Visisipra, wherewith the\nwandering merchant gained heaven’s water.\n7 Here, urged by hands, loudlyhathrungthe press-stone where-\nwith Navagvas through ten months sang praises.\nSarama went aright andfoundthecattle. Angiras gave effect\nto all their labours.\n180 When at the dawning of this mighty Goddess, Angirases all\nsang forth with the cattle, —\nTheir spring is in the loftiest place of meeting, Sarama\nfound the kine by Order’s pathway.\n9 Borne by his Coursers Seven may Surya visit the field that\nspreadeth wide for his long journey.\nDown on the Soma swooped the rapid Falcon. Bright was\nthe young Sage moving mid his cattle.\nSurya hath mounted to the shining ocean when he hath\nyoked his fair-backed Tawny Horses.\nThe wise have drawn him like a ship through water the\n:\nfloods obedient have descended hither.\n6 Wherewith ; IfollowProfessorGrassmannintakingyetas instrumental\nydyd. TheMother Dawn.\n:\nVi isipra meaning, perhaps, jawless or chinless, may, S&yana says, be\nVritra, andManuheremaymean Indra. Manu probablyrepresents the vic-\ntoriousAryaninvaderandVisisipratheconquered barbarian.\nThewemderingmerchant S&yanasaysthatthisreferstothe storyof Kak-\nshlv&ntowhomtheAsvinssentrain. SeeI. 112. 11.\n7 Throughtenmonths referringtothesacrificesof nine and ten months'\ndurationperformedbytheNavagvasand the Dasagvas, priestlyfamilies fre-\nquentlymentionedin connexionwiththeAngirases. These names mean, re-\nspectively,nine-monthministrantsandten-monthministrants, andaretrans-\nlatedintheSt.PetersburgLexiconbyNeunerandZehner,NinersandTenners.\nSaramd seeIndex. Angiras: Agni. t\n8 Their spring the sourceof theCows, that is the Cows themselves.\nTheloftiest placeof meeting the height of heaven. The half-lineis ap-\nparentlyparenthetical.\n9 Therapid Falcon: which broughtthe Somafrom heaven. The young '\nSage: ‘ever young and far-seeing.’ The Sun is intended, moving in the\nmidstofhisrays.\n10 Theshiningocean theluminousfirmament,\n33"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 508,
            "content": "; : ; ;: ;\nm\nTHE HYMN'S, OF [BOOK V.\nIll lay upon the Floods your hymn, light-winning, wherewith\nN&vagvas their ten months completed,\n{ Through this* pur hymn may we have Gods to guard us :\nthrough this our hymn pass safe beyondaffliction.\n' HYMN XLVI. Visvedevas.\nWell knowing I have bound me, horse-like, to the pole ;\nI carry that which bears us on and gives us help.\nI seekforno release, noturning back therefrom. May he who\nknows the way, the Leader, guide mestraight\n2 0 Agni, Indra, Varuna, and Mitra, give, 0 ye Gods, and\nMarut host, and Vishnu.\nMay both Nasatyas, Rudra, heavenly Matrons, Pushan, Sara-\nsvati, Bhaga, accept us.\n3 Indra and Agni, Mitra, Varuna, Aditi, the Waters, Mountains,\nMaruts, Sky, and Earth and Heaven,\nVishnu I call, Pushan, andBrahmanaspati, pudBhaga, Sausa,\nSavitar that they may help.\n4 May'Vishnualso andV&ta whoinjuresnone, andSomagranter\nofpossessions give us joy\nAnd may the Ribhus and the Asvins, Tvashtar and Vibhvan\nremember us so that we may have wealth.\n5 So may thebandof Maruts dwellinginthesky, the holy, come\nto us to sit on sacred grass\n;\nBrihaspati and Pushan grant us sure defence, Varuna, Mitra,\nAryaman guard and shelter us.\n6 And may the Mountains famed in noble eulogies, and the fair-\ngleaming Rivers keep us safe from harm.\nMay Bhaga the Dispenser come with power and grace, and\nmy\nfar-pervading Aditi listen to call.\n7 Maythe Gods’ Spouses aid us of their ownfree will, aid us to\noffspring and the winning of the spoil.\nGrant ns protection, 0 ye gracious Goddesses, ye who are on\nthe earth or in the waters’ realm.\nH\nIlap upon the floods Ioffer to the Waters. Light-winning which\ngainsfortheworshipperthelightofheaven.\nThe Consorts oftheGodsarethedeitiesofthelasttwostanzas,\n1 / : The llishi Pratikshafcra. The pole a metaphorical expression for\nsacrificial duties. That which hears us on the pole, the performanceof\nsacrifice. ‘Isupportthat transcendantand preservative load.’—-Wilson. He\n•wjtohiows theway ; thedivine innerguide : m&vg&bhijfto'ntarydmidevah—\nS&yana.\n3 Sansa prayeror wish,personified. Orsdhsam maybeaverbal form,\n1praise. *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 509,
            "content": ":: :: : : : : :\nm\nHYMN ME MG\nVEDA. 515\n8 MaytheDames, wivesof Gods, enjoy ourpresents, R&t,Asvinf,\nAgn&yi, and Indian!.\nMay Rodasi and Varun&ni hear us, and Goddesses cpme at the\nMatrons' season.\nHYMN XLVIL\nVisvedeva*,\nUrging to toil and making proclamation, seeking Heaven's\nDaughter comes the Mighty Mother\nShecomes, the youthful Hymn, unto the Fathers, inviting to\nher home and loudly calling,\n2 Swift in their motion, hasting totheir duty, reaching the cent-\nral point of life immortal,\nOn every side about the earth and heaven go forth the spaci-\nous paths without a limit.\n3 Steer, Sea, Bed Bird with strong wings, he hath entered the\ndwelling-place of the Primeval Father.\nA\ngay-liued Stone set in the midst of heaven, he hath gone\nforth and guards mid-air's two limits.\n4 Four bear him up and give himrestand quiet, and ten invigor-\nate the Babe for travel.\nHis kinemostexcellent, ofthreefoldnature, pass swiftly round\nthe boundaries of heaven.\n5 Wondrous, 0 people, is the mystic knowledge that while the\nwaters stand the streams ar$ flowing\n;\nThar,separatefromhisMother,Twosupporthim, closely-united,\ntwins, here made apparent.\n8 Edl the name ofa Goddess, or, as S&yana takes it, bright, qualifying\nA stint, the Consortof theKevins. Radasi: theSpouse ofRudra. SeeIndex.\nAt the Matrons * season; at the .time appointed for the celestial dames,\nthe Consorts ofthe Gods.\n1 Heaven's Daughter Ushas or Dawn. TheMighty Mother perhaps, as\nProfessor Ludwig suggests, V&k or Speech is intended, who appears in the\nsecond lineas the Hymn personified.\n2 Thecentral point of lifeimmortal ’ the Sun. The paths: the longlines\nof light.\n3 Sea : asthegreatattracterand receptacleofthe waters.\nHe the Sun. ThePrimevalFather: Dyaus, or Heaven.\nAgay-lutedStone: ProfessorLudwigwouldreadprhni-rasmd, (withvariegat-\nedrays,’insteadoftheprlsnir-d&mdofthetext. Butthealteration seemsto\nbeunnecessary.\n4 Four: according to S&yana, th—e four chief priests. Possibly Varuna,\nMitra,Aryaman, Bhagaareintended Ludwig.\nTen theregions ofspace as the Sun attracts the waters fromall sidetf.\nHisTcine hisrays. Of three; fold nature producing heat, cold (bytheir ab-\nsence), andrain.\n'5 Themarvelis that thewaters stand still in the seawhile therivers are\ncontinuallyflowingintoit. Of. Eclesiastes, I. 7. Separate fromhis Mother\nES afi rr ty ha ,’s thM eot ch loe sr eli ys -cth oe nni en cv ti esi dbl pe aiA rdi wt hi o; aa rn ed vish ie bleis ins tu hp ip so wr ot re ld d.b —y LuH de wa iv ge .nand"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 510,
            "content": "; ; : ; : : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF BOOK K\n5X6 [\n6 For him they lengthen prayers and acts of worship : the\nMothers weave garments for him their offspring.\nRejoicing, fortheSteer’simpregningcontact, his Spousesmove\non pa^fchs of heaven to meet him.\n7 Be this our praise, 0 Varuna and Mitra ; may this be health\nand force to us, 0 Agni.\nMay we obtain firm ground and room for resting : Glory to\nHeaven, the lofty habitation\n!\nHYMN XLVIIL\nVisvedevas.\nWhat may we meditate for the beloved Power, mighty in na-\ntive strength and glorious in itself,\n* Which as a magic energy seeking waters spreads even to the\nimmeasurable middle region’s cloud?\n2 O’er all the region with their uniform advance these have\n: spread out the lore that giveth heroes strength.\nBack, with their course reversed, the others pass away : the\npious lengthens life with those that are'before.\n3/With pressing-stones*and with the bright beams of the day he\n* hurlshis broadestbolt against the Guileful One.\nEven he whose hundred wander in his own abode, driving the\ndays afar and bringing them again,\n4 I, to enjoy thebeauty of his form, behold that rapid rush of\nhis as ’twere an axe’s edge,\nWhat time he gives the manwho calls on him in fight wealth-\nlike a dwelling-house filled full with store offood.\n5 Four-faced andnobly clad, Varuna, urging on the pious to his\ntask, stirs himself with the tongue.\nNaught by our human nature do we know of him, him from\nwhom Bliaga Savitar bestows the boon.\n6 They; worshippers. The Mothers : the Dawns, orthe regionsof space,\nwhichclothe theSunwithlight. HisSpouses; the solarrays, —\n7 Firmgroundandroomforvesting fstabilityandpermanence,’ Wilson,\n1 Whichasamagicenergy or, whattime themagic energy, thatis V&k,\nVoiceorSpeech.\n% These; Dawns. Before; yetto come.\n3•Withpressing-stones inalliancewith, andstrengthenedbythem, thatis,\nthelibationp which theyaid. He ; Indra. The Guileful One; Vritra. Evenhe;\nIndraastheSun. Whosehundred\n;\nS&yanasupplies,rays.\n4 His form Agni’s.\n5 Varuna; accoording to S&yana, varunah here is an adjective=toia-\nv&rdkah, darknessnrepelling,andanepithetof Agni.\nWiththetongue causingtheworshippertospeakofhim.\nNaught byour humannature all ourknowledgeof theQ-Qdcomesbyhis\ninspiration.\nShaga accordingtoS&yana, bhdgahhereis anepithetof Savitar, mighty\noradorable."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 511,
            "content": ": : :\nnfMN ms\n50] HiaVEDA, 617\nHYMN\nXLIX. Visvedevas.\nI^his day I bring God Savitar to meet you, and Bhaga who\nallots the Wealth of mortals. *\n^Tou, Asvins, Heroesrichin treasures, dailyseekingyour friend-\nship fain would I turn hitheh\n2 Knowing full well the Asura’s time of coming, worship God\nSavitar with hymns and praises*\nLet him who rightly kiioweth speak with homage to him who\ndealeth out man’s noblesttreasure.\n3 Not for reward doth Pushan send liis blessings, Bhaga, or\nAditi : his garb is splendour.\nMay Indra, Yishnu, Yaruna, Mitra, Agni produce auspicious\ndays, the Wonder-Workers*\n1 Sending the shelter which we ask, the foeless Savitar and\nthe Rivers shall approach us*\nWhen I, the sacrifice’s priest, invite them, may we be lords of\nwealth and rich possessions.\nh They who devote sueh worship to the Yasus, singing their\nhymns to Yaruna and Mitra,\nYouchsafe them ample room, far off be danger* Through\ngrace of Heaven and Earth may we be happy.\nHYMN\nL. Visvedevas.\nLet every naortal man elect the friendship of theguiding God.\nEach one solicits him for wealth and seeks renown to prosper\nhim.\n2 These, leading God, are thine, and thesehere ready to speak\nafter us.\nAs such may we attain to wealth and wait with services on\nthee.\n3 So further honour as our guests the Hero Gods and then the\nDames.\nMay he remove and keep afar our foes and all who block our\npath.\n2 TheAsura's timeof coding : the V sthedivine Savitar.\n3 Aditi: according to S'/v.a- -r'-A /u who cannot be impaired,\nUsed here as an epithetofAgni, understood,asarealsopUskft, *nourishing,’\nand bhdgah, tadorable.’ ButS&yanagives alsothe alternativeinterpretation\nofthewords as threedeities.\nTheRishiissaidtobe Svasti (anameapparently borrowed from svastdge\n3\nforweal, in stanza 5).\n1 Theguiding God : Savitar.\n2 These worshippers.\n3 TheDames the Consortsofthe Gods. Mayhe Savitar,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 512,
            "content": ": :: :\n514? TEE EYMNS OF fBOOK\nV,\nWhere fire is set, andswiftly runs the victim dwelling in the\ntrough,\nHe wing, with heroes in his home, friendly to man, lik» con-\nstant streams.\nMaythese thy riches, Leader God ! that rule the car, be blest\nto us,\n, , Yea, blest to us for wealth and weal. This will we ponder\npraising strength, this ponder as \\ye praisethe God.\nHYMN\nLI. Yijrodetfw.\n:\nWith all assistants, Agni, come hitherto drink the Soma-\njuice;\nWith Gods unto our sacred gifts.\n2 Come to thesacrifice, 0 ye whose ways are right, whose laws\n. are true, ;\nAnd drink the draught with Agni ’s tongue.\n3 0 Singer, with the singers, 0 Gi'acious, with those who move\nat dawn,\n^ome to thp Soma-draught with Gods.\n:\n4 To IndraandtoVayu dear, this Soma,by themortarpressed,\nIs now poured forth to fill thejar.\n5 Vayu come hither to the feast, well-pleased unto our 'Sacred\n?\ngifts\nDrink of the Somajuice effused ; come to the food.\n6 Ye, Indra, V&yu, well deservetodrinkthejuicespressedbyus.\nGladly accept them, spotless Pair come t6 the food. ~\n:\n7 For Indra and for V&yu pressed are Somajuices bfent with\ncurd, * .\nAs rivers to the lowland flow : come to the fooct.\n3 Associate with allthe Gods, come, with the Asvins and with;\"\nDawn,\nAgni, as erst with Atri, so enjoy the juice. * . , / v\n4 This stanza is obscure. JDrdnyah petstih, thevictimorbeastconnected\nwith, Ordwellingin,theck'tina,,iuhortrough, is apparentlythe Soma. The\nmeaningmaybethatthemanwho causesthesacrificialfiretobekindledand\nlibationsofSomajuicetobepreparedisrewardedwithbravesonsandgeneral\nprosperity.\n—\n1 Withallassistants 'withalltheprotectingdeities/ Wilson. -\n2 0ye otherGods,\n3 0Singer : Agni. Withthesingers: withtheHumanpriests. Thosewho\nmoveatclaaon theGodswhocome tothemorningsacrifice.\n3 AserstwithAtri: asthouwastaccustomed toenjoy thelibation offered\nbytheancientAtri,theprogenitorof theIlishiof thehymn,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 513,
            "content": "; : : ; :\nm\nH9YMN 52,] TIIE MIGVEDA ,\nAssociate with Varuna, with Mitra* Soma, Vishnu, com£,\nAgni, as erst with Atri, so enjoy the juice.\n10 Associate with Vasus, with ^dityas, Indra, V&yu, cgme, Agni\nas erst with Atri, so enjoy the juice.\n11 May Bhaga and the Asvins grant us health and wealth, and\nGoddess Adifci and he whom none resist.\nThe Asura Pfishan grant us all prosperity, and Heaven and\nEarth most wise vouchsafe us happiness.\n12 Let us solicit Vayu for prosperity, and Soma who is Lord of\nall the world for weal;\nFor weal Brihaspati with all his company. May the Adityas\nbring us health and happiness.\n13 May all the Gods, may Agni the beneficent, God of all men,\nthis day be with us for our weal.\nHelp us the Ribhus, the Divine Ones, for ourgood. May Ru-\ndra bless and keep us from calamity.\n14 Prosper us, Mitra, Varuna. 0 wealthy Pathyfi, prosper us.\nIndra and Agni, prosper us prosper us thou, 0 Aditi.\n;\n15 Like Sun and Moon may wepursueinfullprosperityourpath,\nAnd meet with one who gives again, who knows us well and\nslays us not.\nHYMN LIL Maruts.\n*\n^ Sim boldlyforth, Syfivasva, with the Maruts whoare loud in\n' song, ^ :\nWho, holy, as theirwont is,joy in glorythatisfreefromguilb.\n2 For in their boldness they are friends of firm and sure heroic\nstrength.\nThey m their course, bold-spirited, guard all men of their\nown accord.\n' '3 Like steers in rapid motion they advance and overtake the\n' nights\n' Andthus the Maruts’ power in heaven and on the earth we\ncelebrate.\n1% Health and wealth: svasti well-being, prosperity. I have slig—htly\nvariedthetranslation oftheword, whichrecursin everylineofstanzas 11 14\nandinthefirstlineof 15. The Asura the divineandimmortalbeing. S&-\nyanaexplainsthewordas {the expeller of enemies, or the giverof lifeand\nstrength/\n12 Withallhis company withallthe hostof heaven,\n14 WealthyPatkyd : ‘the rich path,' personified as a deity of happiness\nand welfare.\n15 Whogivesagain whorepays thekindness we haveshownhim whenhe\nwas ourguest. These, as.Professor Ludwigobserves, arethewishesofa man\nwho is startingon ajourney toadistant place,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 514,
            "content": "—\n: : : :\nBad\nmnMMrfs\nop [book v.\n4 With boldness to you? Maruts let us offer laud and sacrifice ;\nWho all, through ages of mankind* guard mortal man from\ninjury*\n5 Praiseworthy, givers of good gifts, Heroes With full and per-\nfect strength\nTo Maruts, Holy Ones of heaven, will I extol the sacrifice.\n.\n6 The lofty Heroes cast their spears and weapons bright with\ngleaming gold.\nAfter these Marutsfollowedclose,likelaughinglightningfrom\nthe sky, a splendour of its own accord.\n7 They who waxed mighty, of the earth, they who are in the\nwide mid-air,\nOr in the rivers’ compass* or in the abode of ample heaven.\n8 Praise thou the Maruts’ company, the Valorous and truly\nstrong.\nThe Heroes, hasting, by themselves have yoked their deer for\nvictory.\n9 Fair-gleaming, on Parushni they have clothed themselves in\nrobesof wool,\nAnd with their chariot tires they cleave the rock asunder in\ntheir might.\n10 Whether as wanderers from the way or speeders on or to the\npath,\nUnderthese names the spreading band tend well the sacrifice\n.\nforme.\n11 To this the Heroes well attend, well do their teams attend to\nthis.\nVisible are theirvaried forms. Behold, they are PA-r&vatas.\n12 Hymn-singing, seeking water, they, praising, have danced\nabout the spring.\nWhat are they unto me 'l Ho thieves, buthelpers, splendid to\nbehold,\n9 Parushni oneof theriversof thePanj&b, nowcalledtheR&vt. Robes\nofwool thefleecyvapourswhiehrisefromthewaters. See IV. 22. 2.\n11 Pdrdvatas atribewho dweltonthe banksof the Parushni whomay\nhavebeeninthehabitof makingsuddenincursionsinto thecountrythrough\nwhich theSindhu orIndusflows.\n12 Seekingwater: thisisSlyana’s explanation of hubhanydvah themean-\ningof whichisuncertain. The spring apparently,thecloud. Ac} cordingto\nS&yanathereferenceistothewater—or the well—which was miraculously\nbroughtto thethirsting Gk>t$ma bytheMaruts. See I. 85. 11. Thestanza\nisdifficultandobscure. * \\"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 515,
            "content": ";:\ntlYMM\n§2.] RlQVtiDA. 621.\n13 Sublime, with lightnings for1 their spears, Sages and Orderera\nare they.\nRishi, adore that Marut host, and make them happy*with thy\nsong.\n14 Rishi, invite the Marut band with offerings, as a maid her\nfriend.\nFrom heaven, too, Bold Ones, in your might haste hither glo-\nrified with songs.\n15 Thinking of these now let him come, as With the escort of the\nGods,\nAnd with the splendid Princes, famed for rapid courses,'to\nthe gifts.\n16 Princes, Who, when I asked their kin, named Prism as their\nMother-cow,\nAnd the impetuous Rudra they, the Mighty Ones, declared\ntheir Sire.\n17 The mighty ones, the seven times seven, have singly given\nme hundred gifts.\nI have obtained on Yamuua famed Wealth in kine and wealth\nin steeds.\n14 As a maid her friend this seems to be the meaningof mitrdm nd\nyoshand,whichS&yanaexplains,asafriend(orasAditya,theSun)withpraise.\n15 Thethreeconcludingstanzasarevery difficult,andattemptsattransla-\ntionandexplanation mustbepurely conjectural. Thefollowingisthe subs-\ntanceof ProfessorLudwig’snote. Bakins [mighty ones] in stanza 17 areap-\nparentlyaclan(yajam&niih, orinstitutorsofsacrifice)whosenumberconsisting\nofamultipleof seven, gave occasiontotheir comparisontothe Maruts,and\naneasytransitionto theddnastuti or eulogyoftheirliberality. The construc-\ntionis: nowthinkingofthesesacrificers [or,Maruts]mayhe[theRishi]come\ntogether,as with the escortofthe Gods [invited instanza 14], in company\nWith[theMaruts or] theSfiris tothe sacrificial offerings.\nStanza 16 isto beunderstood figurativelyas eulogyofthe §fikins whoare\nheredirectly identifiedwiththeMaruts. Thepriest mustknow the lineage\nofthesacrificers,becauseincertainceremonieshemustproclaimtheirnames,\nandhereSakins areconsideredto have inherited theirliberalityfromPrisni\nas theirmotherandtheirpower fromRudraastheirfather.\n17 TheMighty Ones: orthe Sfikins, as Professor Ludwigexplains.\nTheseven timesseven: there are saidtobe seven troopsof the Maruts,\neachconsisting of seven. The S&kins, or powerful institutors of sacrifice,\nappeartobeintendedhere (seeprecedingnote) as compared to,or i.dentified\nwiththeMaruts. On Yamund onthe banks oftherivernow known as the\nJumna.\nThis and all Rigvedahymnsaddressedto the Marutshave beentranslated\nandthorougly discussedby ProfessorMax Mullerha VedicHymns, Part I,\n(Sacred Books of theEast, Vol. XXXII.)"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 516,
            "content": ": : : :\n522 THE HYMNS OF IBOOK V,\nHYMN\nLIII. Maruts.\nWho knows the birth of these, or who lived in the Maruts’\nfavour in the days of old\nWhat time their spotted deer were yokedj\nWho, when they stood upon their cars, hath heard them tell\nthe way they went?\nWho was the bounteous man to whom their kindred rains\nflowed down with foodof sacrifice?\n3 To me they told it, and they came with wingedsteeds radiant\ntothe draught,\n. Youths, Heroes free from spot or stain : Behold us here and\npraise thou us\n;\n4 Who shine self-luminous with ornaments and swords, with\nbreastplates, armlets, and with wreaths,\nArrayed on chariots and with bows.,\n5 0 swiftto pour your bounties down, ye Maruts, with delight\nI lookupon your cars,\nLike splendours coming through therain.\n6 Munificent Heroes, they have castheaven’s treasury down for\nthe worshipper’s behoof\nThey set the storm-cloud free to stream through both the\nworlds, and rainfloods flow o’er desertspots.\n7 The bursting streams in billowy flood have spread abroad,like\nmilch-kine, o’er the firmament.\nLike swift steeds hasting to their journey’s resting-place, to\nevery side run glittering brooks.\n5 Hither, 0 Maruts, come from heaven, from mid-air, or from\nnear at hand\nTarry not far away from us.\n9 So let not Basfi, Krumu, or Anitabha, Kubba, or Sitidhu hold\nyou back.\nLet not the watery Sarayu obstruct your way. With us be\nall the bliss ye give.\n10 That brilliant gathering of your cars, the company ofMaruts,\nof the Youthful Ones,\nThe rain-showers, speeding on, attend.\n1 Of these Gods ; theMaruts.\n9 JRasd: ariver,probablyanaffluentof theSindhu orIndus, asAniiabhd\nalsoseems tohave been. Krumu ; atributary of the Indus, identified by\nsome withthe Kurum. Kubhd theKoph&n, orKabulriverwhichfallsgin Wto\nIt th se nI an md eus tone ta hr eA SU ao rc ak y. uorSa Sar ra jy uu o: fpr Oo ub da hb ,ly ariver inthePanjabwhich 1"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 517,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 511 THE RIGYEDA. 523\n11 With eulogies and hymns may *vvefollow your army, tx*oop by\ntroop, and hand hy band,\nAnd company by company. *\n12 To what oblation-giver, sprung of noble ancestry, have sped\n* The Maruts on this course to-day?\n13 Vouchsafe to us the'bounty, that which we implore, through\nwhich, for child and progeny,\nYe give the seed of corn that wasteth not away, and bliss\nthat reacheth to all life.\n14 May we in safety pass by those who slander us, leaving be-\nhind disgrace and hate.\nMaruts, may we be there when ye, at dawn, in rest and toil,\nrain waters clown and balm.\n15 Favoured by Gods shall be the man, 0 Heroes, Maruts! and\npossessed of noble sons,\nWhom ye protect. Such may we be.\n1 6 Praise the Free-givers. At this liberal patron’s rite they joy\nlike cattle in the mead.\nSo call thou unto them who come as ancient Friends ; hymn\nthose who love thee with a song,\nHYMN\nLIV, Maruts.\nThis hymn will I make ready for the Marat host who bright\nin native Splendour cast the mountains down.\nSing the great strength of those illustrious in renown, who\nstay the heat, who sacrifice on heights of heaven.\n2- 0 Maruts, rich in water, strengtheners of life are your strong\nbands:with harnessed steeds, that wander far,\nTrita roars out at him who aims the lightning-flash. The\nWaters sweeping round are thundering on their way.\n3 They gleam with lightning, Heroes,^Casters of the_Sto_ng ,\nwind-rapid Maruts, overthrowex's of the hills,\nOft through desire to rain coming with storm of hail, roaring\nin onset, violent and exceeding strong.\n1 Who sacrificeon heightsof heaven *to whom —solemn ritesare familiar*\nhywhomthesacrificescalledJPrishthaaremade,’ Wilson. Thewordprishr\n‘t hoh efd ah ti ys ama nnm db si a(g nsu e oo e bu ls I aV, t. is o2i n0g .n oi f4f )y . hi on tg S moh io a lt l kh so oh rge hi oag trh hmt ec rio hr i en ar t ti h ed e dge s baa emn ve ed rh aa a glo efe ,dr it aa n ni e dn sa i tgr hnr eia f min e eg s ae b nm o ie t nn h gt\nof thecompoundgharmasttibheis accordingly ambiguous.\n2 Trita the Vedic God who frequently appears in connexion with the\nMaruts, According to S&yana, Tritais thecloud orcompany of Marutssta*\ntinnedinthree places, ;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 518,
            "content": "::\n524 PbM tifMtiS OP [nook V. v\n4 When, mighty Eudras, through the nights and through the v\ndays, when through the skyandrealms ofair, shakersofall,\nWhen over the broad fields ye drive along like ships, e’eti to\nstrongholds ye Gome, Maruts, but are not harmed.\n6 Maruts, this hero strength and majesty of yours hath, like\n,\nthe Sun, extended o'er a lengthened way,\nWhen in your course like deer with splendour unslibdued ye\nbowed the hill that gives imperishable rain*\n6 Bright shone your host, ye Sages, Maruts, when ye suiote the\nwaving tree as when the worm cotisumeth it.\nAccordant, as the eye guides him who walks, have ye led out\ndevotion onwardby an easy path.\n? Never is he, 0 Maruts, slainorovercome, heverdothliedecay,\nne’er is distressed or harmed j\nSis treasures, his resources, neverWaste away, whom, whether\nhe be prince or Bifjhi, ye directs ‘\n8 Withharnessedteamlikeheroesoverdomingtroops,thefriendly\nMaruts, laden withtheirwater-casks,\nLet the spring flow, and when impetuous they rear they\ninundate the earthwith floods Ofpleasant mOath*\n9 Freeforthe Maruts is the earthwithslopingways,freeforthe\nrushing Ones is heaven with steep descents.\nThe paths of air’s mid-region are precipitous, precipitous the\nmountains with theirrunning streams*\n10 When, as the Sun hath risen up, ye takedelight, 0 bounteous\nradiant Maruts, Heroes of the sky,\nYour coursers weary not when speeding on their way, and\nrapidly ye reach the end of this yourpath.\n11 Lances are on yourshoulders, anklets onyourfeet, goldchains\n-tv,,, r\nrS..y ‘\nI. ;igVi'v ;!i .!u:n-' civ :!fidi:,.g in your hands, and\nvisors wrought ofgold are laid upon your heads.\n12 Maruts, in eager stirye shake the vault of heaven, splendid\n.\nbeyond conception, for its shining fruit.\nTheygathered when theylet their deeds of might flash forth.\nThe Pious Ones sendforth a far*resounding shout,\n13 Sage Maruts, may we be the drivers of the car of riches full\noflife thathave been given by you.\n0 Maruts, let that wealth in thousands dwell with us which\nnevervanishes like Tishya from the sky,\n12 ForUsshiningfruit thebrightwater.\n13 Thedrivers ofthecar thatis, the controllers. Maywebyour prayers\nandsacrificesbringdownandenjoythericheswhichyougiye,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 519,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMH THE RIGYEEA\n55.] . 52S\n14 Maruts, ye further wealth with longed-for heroes, further the\nBishi shilled in chanted verses.\nYe givethe Bharata as his strength, a charger, and ye^bestow\na King who quickly listens.\n15 Of you, most swift to succour ! I solicit wealthwherewith we\nmay spread forth mid men like as the Sun.\nAccept, 0 Maruts, graciously this hymn of mine that we may\nlive a hundred winters through its power,\nHYMN\nLV. Maruts.\nWith gleaming lances, with their breasts adorned with gold,\nthe Maruts, rushingonward, hold high power oflife.\nThey hasten with swift steeds easy to be controlled. Their\ncars moved onward as they went to victory.\n2 Ye, as ye wist, have gained of your own selves your power:\nhigh, 0 ye Mighty Ones, and wideye shine abroad.\nThey with their strength have even measured out the sky.\nTheir cars moved onward as they went to victory.\n3 Strong, born together, they together have waxed great the\n:\nHeroes more and more have grown to majesty.\nBesplendent asthe Sun’sbeamsin theirlight arethey. Their\ncars moved onward as they went to victory.\n4 Maruts, your mightiness deserves to be adored, sight to be\nlonged for like the shining of the Sun.\nSo lead us with your aid to immortality. Their cars moved\nonward as they went to victory.\n5 0 Maruts, from the Ocean yeuplift the rain, and fraughtwith\nvaporous moisture pour the torrents down.\nNever, ye Wonder-Workers, are your Milch-kine dry. Their\ncars moved onward as they went to victory.\n6 When to your car-poles ye have yoked your spotted deerto be\nyour steeds, and put your golden mantles on,\n0 Maruts, ye disperse all enemies abroad. Their cars moved\nonward as they went to victory,\nTishya anasterismregardedasshapedlikeanarrowand containing three\nstars. Accordingto S&yana Tishyahereis synonymouswith Aditya.\n14 The Bharata awarrior, oroneoffamilyof Bharata. SeeIndex. Ac*\ncordingto S&yana,—?3y&v£svatkeBishiof thehymn isintended : ‘to.(me) the.,\nministrantpriest.’ Wilson.\nWhoquickly listens tohispeople’sprayers. S&yanaexplainssrushtimdntain\nassukhavantaniy happyand prosperous.\nlo J hundredwinters afrequently occurringexpression, *fromwhich we\nmightinfer/ saysDr. J. Muir, ‘that the Indiansstill retainedsomerecollec-\ntionoftheirhavingatonetimeoccupied aoddercountry.’ SeeOriginalSans*\nkrit Texts II. 323. *\n5 Your, Milch-Jcine : therain-clouds,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 520,
            "content": "; :\nS20 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK V.\n7 Neither the\"mountains northe rivers keep youback ; whither\nye have resolved thither ye, Maruts, go.\nYe compass round about even the heaven and earth. Their\n-\ncars moved onward as they went tnvictory.\n8 Whate’er is ancient, Maruts, what of recent time, whate’er is\nspoken, Yasus, what is chanted forth,\n* They who take cognizance of all of this are ye. Their cars\n10 moved onward as they went to victory.\n9 Be gracious unto us, ye Maruts, slay us not : extend ye unto\nus shelter of many a sort.\nPay due regard unto our friendship and ourpraise. Their\ncars moved onward*as they went to victory.\n0 Maruts, lead us on to higher fortune: deliver us, when\nlauded, from afflictions.\nAccept, ye Holy Ones, the gifts we bring you. May we be\nmasters of abundant riches.\nHYMN LVL\nMaruts.\nAonx, that valorous company adorned with ornaments of gold,\nThe people of the Maruts, I call down to-day even from the\nluminous realm of heaven.\n2 Even as thou thinkest in thy heart, thithermy wishes also\ntend.\nThose who have come most near to thine invoking calls,\nstrengthen them fearful to behold.\n3 Earth, like a bounteous lady, liberal of her gifts, struck\ndown and shaken, yet exultant, comes to us.\nImpetuous as a bear, 0 Maruts, is your rush terrible as a\ndreadful bull.\n4 Theywho with mighty strength overthrow like oxen difficult\nto yoke,\nCause e’en the heavenly stone to shake, \"yea, shake the rocky\nmountain as they race along.\n& Rise-up ! even now with lauds I call the very numexxms com-\nP&ny,\n* Unequalled, of these Maruts, like a herd of l^ine, grown up\ntogether in their strength.\n2 iStrengthenthem thatis, theMaruts,withoblations.\n3 Theexactmeaning —ofthefirstlineis somewhat unc—ertain. S&yana ex-\nplainsit: fAs theearth thatisthepeople of theearth havinga powerful\nmasters, when oppressed by others, hasrecourseto him herown master,so\n.thearmyofMarutscomesexultingtous.’ ButmWifahnati(bounteous,liberal,\nbringingforthabundantfruit)cannotmean prabulasvdmifcti, havingapower-\nfulmaster.\nStruckdoivn by therainsentby theMaruts,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 521,
            "content": ": '\nHYMN 57.] ' THE RIGVEDA, 527\n6 Bind to your car the bright red mares, yoke the red coursers\nto your car.\nBind to the pole, to draw, the fleet-foot tawny steeds, the\nbest at drawing, to the pole.\n7 Yea, and this loudly-neighing bright red vigorous horse who\nhath been stationed, fair to see,\nLethim not cause delay, 0 Maruts, in your course, urge ye\nhim onward in your cars.\n8 The Maruts’ chariot, ever fain to gather glory, we invoke,\nWhich Rodasi hath mounted, bringing pleasant gifts, with\nMaruts in her company.\n9 I call that brilliant band of yours, adorable, rapid on the car\nWhereon the bounteous Dame, auspicious, nobly bom, shows\nglorious with the Marut host.*\nHYMN\nLVII. Maruts.\nOf one accord, with Indra, 0 ye Rudras, come borne on your\ngolden car for our prosperity.\nAn offering from us, this hymn is broughtto you, as, untoone\nwho thirsts for water, heavenly springs.\n2 Armed with your daggers, full of wisdom, armed with spears,\narmedwithyourquivers, armedwitharrows, withgood bows,\nGoodhorsesand goodcars haveye, 0 Prism’sSons ye, Maruts,\nwith good weapons go to victory. :\n3 From hills and heaven ye shake wealth for theworshipper : in\nterror at your coming low the woods bow down.\nYe makethe earth totremble, Sons of Prisni, when forvictory\nye have yoked, fierce Ones your spotted deer.\n!\n4 Bright with the blasts of wind, wrapped in their robesof rain,\nlike twins of noble aspect and of lovely form,\nThe Maruts, spotless, with steeds tawny-hued and red, strong\nin their mightiness and spreading wide like heaven.\n.\n5 Rich in adornment, rich in drops, munificent, bright in their\naspect, yielding bounties that endure,\nNoble by birth, adorned with gold upon their breasts, the\nSingers of the sky have won immortal fame.\n7 Whohath been stationed: orharnessedtothecar.\n8 Rodasi the ConsortofRudra and motherof theMaruts.\n9 ThebounteousDame : Rodasi. Showsglorious; or,isglorified.\n1 0yeR—udras : orSonsofRudra. For ourprosperity: 4tothe accessible\n(sacrifice).’ -Wilson. Heavenlysprings; anallusion, says S&yana, to thewell,\nthatis, thecloud which was broughtby theMaruts to thirsty Gotama, See\nI. 85. 11.\n4 Liketwins: all alike.\n5 The Singers of thesky ; chantersoftheirtlxunder-psalm."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 522,
            "content": ": ; : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF BOOK\n528 [ V.\n6 Borneonbothshoulders, 0ye Maruts, are yourspears within\n:\nyour arms is laid your energy and strength.\nBoldthoughts are in your heads, yourweapons in your cars,\nall glorious majesty is moulded on your forms.\n7 Vouchsafe to us, 0 Maruts, splendidbounty in cattle and in\nsteeds, in cars and heroes.\nChildren of Budra, give ushighdistinction : may I enjoyyour\nGodlike help and favour. J 4\n8 Ho Maruts, Heroes, skilled inLaw, immortal, begraciousun-\n!\nto us, ye rich in treasures,\nYe hearers of the truth, ye sage andyouthful, grown mighty, <\ndwelling on the lofty mountains.\nHYMN LVIIL\nMaruts. ‘i\nNow doIglorify theirmighty cohort,thecompanyofthesethe\nyouthful Maruts, j\nWho ride impetuous on with rapid horses, and radiant in\n.?\nthemselves, are Lords of Amrit,\n. ;\n2 The mighty glittering hand, arm-bound withbracelets, givers\nof bliss, unmeasured in their greatness, — t^ .\nWith magical powers, bountiful, ever-roaring, these, liberal 0\nHeroes, venerate thou singer.\n3 This day may all your water-bringers, Maruts, theywhoimpel\nthe falling rain, approach us.\nThis fire, 0Maruts, hath been duly kindled let it find favour h;\n;\nwith you, youthful Sages, i\n4 Ye raise up for the folk an active ruler whom, Holy Ones a\n1\nMaster’s hand hath fashioned.\nYe send the fighter hand to hand, arm-mighty, and the bi*ave\nhero, Maruts ! with good horses. —\n—\n6 Boldthoughts\nS&yanaexplainsnrimwlt—, nri.\nmndriiasgoldentiaras. The k\nwordnrim.no,in oneor anotherofits cases occurs somethirty times in the h\nRigveda, andalwaysinthesenseofmanlypower, valour,orvalorous deed.\n8 Yehearersof thetruth or, famousforyour truth,fortherealization of 'j\nyourpromises. .£/'\n1 Lords ofAmrit :controllersofthesweetlife-givingrain. /\n2 Arm-bound with bracelets or,rather, ‘adorned with quoits on their\nhands/—M. Muller.\n;\ntas4 htW ah mo mm eansa faM ba rs it ce ar t’ es dh oa rnd moh da et lh lef das bh yio Vn ie bd hvaa nc ,co tr hd eing set co onS d& oy fan tha evi tb hh rv ea e- j ^*\nRibhus. i. e. atyantarUpavantamorexceedingly handsome. Thefighter hand ii\ntohand : themanwhofights onfootisyourgiftaswellasthewarriorwhois i;\nbornetobattleinachariot,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 523,
            "content": ": ; :\nMTMN 59.] TEE RIQVEDA. 529\n5 They springforth more and more, strong intheirglories, like\ndays, like spokes where none are last in order.\nHighest and mightiest are the Sons of Prisni. Ei:gn totheir\nown intention cling the Maruts.\n6 When ye have hastened on with spotted coursers, 0 Maruts,\non your cars with strong-wrought fellies,\nThe waters are disturbed, the woods areshattered. Let Dyaus\nthe Red Steer send his thunder downward.\n7 Even Earth hath spread herself wide at their coming, and\nthey as husbands have with power impregned her.\nThey to the pole have yoked the winds for coursers their\n;\nsweat have they made rain, these Sons of Rudra.\n8 Ho Maruts, Heroes, skilled in Law, immortal, be gracious\n!\nunto us, ye rich in treasures,\nYe hearers of the truth, ye sage and youthful, grown mighty,\ndwelling on the lofty mountains.\nHYMN\nLIX. Maruts.\nYourspyhathcalledtoyoutogiveprosperity. IsingtoHeaven\nand Earth and offer sacrifice.\nThey bathe their steeds and hasten through the firmament\nthey spread abroad their radiance through the sea of cloud.\n2 Earth shakesand reels in terror at their onward rush, like a\nfull ship which, quivering, lets the water in.\nMarked on their ways are they, visible from afar the Heroes\n:\npress between in mighty armament.\n3 As the exalted horn of bulls for splendid might, as the Sun’s\neye set in the firmament’s expanse,\nLike vigorous horses ye are beauteous to behold, and foryour\nglory show like bridegrooms, 0 ye Men.\n4 Who, 0 ye Maruts, may attain the mighty lore of you the\nmighty, who may reach your manly deeds?\nYe, verily, make earth tremble like a ray of light what time\nye bring your boons to give prosperity.\n5 Like steeds of ruddy colour, scions of one race, as foremost\nchampions they have battled in the van.\nThe Heroes have waxed strong like well-grownmanlyyouths\n:\nwith floods ofrain they make the Sun’s eye fade away.\n6 Having no eldest and no youngest in their band, no middle-\nmost, preeminent they have waxed in might,\n1 Yourspy Agni, as the lightning. According to S&yana spat is for\nsprashtd,onewhotouches(theoblation), theHotarorpresentingpriest.\n2 Pressbetween rushthroughtheairbetweenheavenandearth,\n34"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 524,
            "content": "—\n::\n530 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK V.\nThese Sons of Prisni, sprung of noble ancestry : come hither-\nward to us, ye bridegrooms of the sky.\n7 Like birds of air theyflew withmight inlengthened linesfrom\nhealyeifls high ridges to the borders ofthe sky.\nThe steeds who carrythem, as Gods and mortals know, have\ncaused the waters of the mountains to descend.\n8 May Dyaus, the Infinite, roar for ourbanquet : may Dawns\ntoil for us, glittering with moisture.\nLaudedby thee, these Maruts, Sons of Rudra, 0 Rishi, have\nsent down the heavenly treasure.\nHYMN\nLX. Maruts.\nI laud withreverence thegraciousAgni : here may he sit and\npart our meed among us.\nAs with spoil-seeking cars I bring oblation : turned rightward\nI will swell the Marut’s praise-song.\n2 The Maruts, yea, the Rudras, who have mountedtheirfamous\nspotted deer and cars swift-moving,\n1 Before you, fierce Ones ! woods bow down in terror : Earth,\neven the mountain, trembles at your coming.\n3 Though vast and tall, the mountain is affrighted, the height\nof heaven is shaken at your roaring\nWhen, armed with lances, ye are sporting, Maruts, and rush\nalong together likethe waters.\n4 They, like young suitors, sons of wealthy houses, have with\ntheir golden natures decked their bodies.\nStrong on their cars, the lordly Ones, for glory, have set their\nsplendours on theirforms for ever,\n5 Nonebeing eldest, none among them youngest, as brothers\nthey have grown to happy fortune.\nMay their Sire Rudra, young and deft, and Prisni pouring\nmuch milk, bring fair days to the Maruts.\n7 Godsandmortals thetexthasonlyubhdye,both(sidesorparties). The\nwordgenerallymeansGodsandmen butperhaps, asProfessor Ludwigsug-\ngests,\nHeavenandBarthmaybeinte;\nndedhere.\n8 Dyaus,theInfinite; Ot X. 63. 3.\n1 Turnedrightward makingreverential salutation by circumambulation\nfromlefttoright\n;\nthe Gaelicdeasil.\n:'\n4 'YW 'it\n‘\n'h 7t 'hei 1r .\"go \"l \"d\n.\n\\e 'n .na\n1\n.t\n.‘\n.iu tr\no\nre\nl\nas\nd\nn:\nsf\nlw aoi trt emh sos ;fo ‘tm whe\nie\nth\nf\nhe es gmi\ni\not\nn\nla\ni\ndt\nn\nei eo n,n (wI\noi\nrf\nt\nno hl al mso evw\nna\ntdP sr\nM\n)o if\nh\nae\n,\nns dso pr\nP\nurL rou\nif\nfed ysw isi nog\nr\ng\nwaters/\n5 Pouringmuchmilk : Prisni, themotherofthe Maruts, thecloudof the\nfirmament,beingrepresentedasacow.\nBringfairdaysto theMaruts : perhaps thebrightweatherwhichfollows\ntheRains. *Grantfavourabledaysfor (thesakeof;the Maruts/—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 525,
            "content": ": : : ; ;\nHYMN THE RWVEDA\n61.] , $3}\n6 Whether, 0 blessed Maruts, ye be dwelling in highest, mid-\nmost, or in lowest heaven,\nThence, 0 ye Rudras, andthoualso, Agni, noticethemerifieial\nfood we offer,\n7 0 Maruts, Lords of all, when Agni and when ye drive down-\nward from sublimest heaven along theheights,\nShakers of all, rejoicing, slayers of the foe, give riches to the\nSoma-pressing worshipper.\nS 0 Agni, with the Maruts as they gleam and sing, gathered in\ntroop, rejoicing drink the Soma juice\nWith these the living ones who cleanse and further all, joined\nwith thy banner, 0 Vaisvanara, from of old.\nHYMN\nLXI. Maruts,\n0 heroes lordliest of all, who are ye that have singly come\nForth from a region most remote?\n2 Where are your horses, where the reins 2 How came ye ? how\nhad ye the power ?\nRein wras on nose and seat on back.\n3 The whip is laid upon the flank. The heroes stretch their\nthighs apart,\nLike women when the babe is born.\n4 Go ye, 0 Heroes, far away, ye bridegrooms with a lovely\nSpouse,\nThat ye may warm you at the fire.\n5 May she gain cattl(LjQr~..her....meed, hundreds of sheep and\nsteeds”and kme,\nWho threw embracing arms around the hero whom Syav&sva\npraised.\n6 Yea w, hom Ya un rry Tsa wo “man\n“\nis mor ~e ~ firm a ~n ~d b~e~tter than the man t\nAway from Gods, and offers not.\n7 She who discerns the weak and worn, the man who thirsts\n' ancTis rnlvantl\nShe sets her mind upon the Gods.\n8 Joinedwith thy banner closely connected with thy ensignorbannerof\nflame.\n4 WithalovelySpouse apparently Rodasi, whoissometimes regardedas\nthe wifeofthewholehandof Maruts.\n5 She accordingto S&yana, the wifeof Taranta (stanza 10) who is 'the.*\nherowhomSy&v&svapraised.*\n6 Morefirm thewordthusrendered, sdsiyasi, is takenbyS&yanatobethe\nnameofTaranta’s wife."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 526,
            "content": ":: : : ;\n532 THE HYMNS OH [BOOK V.\n8 And yet full many a one, unpraised, mean niggard, is entitled\nman\nOnly 2n weregild is he such.\n9 And she, theyoung, the joyous-spirited, divulged the path to\nSyava, yea, to me.\nTwo red steeds earned me to Purumtlha's side, that sage of\nfar-extended fame,\n10 Him who, like Vaidadasvi, like Taranta, hath bestowed on me\nA hundred cows in libei’al gift.\n11 They who are borne by rapid steeds, drinking the meath that\ngives delight,\nThey have attained high glories here.\n12 They by whose splendour both the worlds are over-spread\nthey shine on cars\nAs the gold gleams above in heaven.\n13 That Marut band is ever young, borne on bright cars, un-\nblamable,\nMoving to victory, checked by none.\n14 Who knoweth, verily, of these where the All-shakers take\ndelight,\nBorn, spotless, after sacred Law ?\n15 Guidesare ye, loversof the song l to mortalman through holy\nhymn,\nAnd hearers when he cries for help.\n16 Do ye, destroyers of the foe, worshipful and exceeding bright.\nSend down the treasures that we crave.\n17 0 tjrmya, bear thou far away to Darbhya this my hymn of\npraise,\nSongs, Goddess, as if chariot-borne.\n18 From me to Bathaviti say, when he hath pressed the Soma\njuice,\nThe wish I had departethnot.\n19 This wealthy Bathaviti dwells among the people rich in kine,\nAmong the mountains, far withdrawn.\n8 Onlyinweregild only as regardsthe finetobepaid for manslaughter,\neitherbyhimorfor him,canhebeaccounted a man. The verseisobscure.\nSee VedicHymns (Sacred Booksofthe East),PartI, p» 360, and Ludwig,\nUeberdieneuestenArbeiten, &c.,p. 40.\n9 Andshe Taranta’s wife. Sydva— Sy&v&sva, thellishiofthehymn.\n10 Faidadasvi; Purumilha, eonofVidadnsva.\n11 This stanzaisapparentlythebeginning ofaseparate hymn, inhonour\noftheMaruts.\n12 Asthegold: thegolden Sun.\n17 Urrnyd : GoddessofNight. Edrlhya Rathaviti,sonofDarbha.\n18 The wish 1had: toperformasacrificefortherichandliberalBathaviti. *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 527,
            "content": ": ; : : : :; ;\nmn\nBYMtft 2.] nrovMM, ’ ssa\nHYMN LXIL Mitra-Varuna.\nBy yourhigli Law firm order is established there where they\nloose for travel Sirya’s horses.\nTen hundred stood together : there I looked on this#the most\nmarvellous Deities’ one chief glory.\n2 This, Mitra-Varuna, isyourspecial greatness: floodsthatstood\nthere they with the days attracted.\nYe cause to flow all voices of the cow-pen yoursingle chariot-\n:\nfelly hath rolled hither.\n3 0 Mitra-Varuna, yebyyourgreatness, both Kings, havefirmly\nstablished earth and heaven.\nYe caused\"the cows tostream, the plants toflourish, and, scat-\ntering swift drops, sent down the rain-flood.\n4 Let your well-haraessed horses bear you hither hitherward\n:\nlet them come with reins drawn tightly.\nA covering cloud of sacred oil attends you, and your streams\nflow to us from days aforetime. 4\n5 To make the lustre wider and more famous, guarding the\nsecredgrass with veneration,\nYe, Mitra-Varuna, firm, strong, awe-inspiring, are seated on a\nthrone amid oblations.\n6 With hands that shed no blood, guarding the pious, whom,\nVaruna, ye save amid oblations.\nYe Twain, together, Kings of willing spirit, uphold dominion\nbased on thousand pillars.\n7 Adorned with gold, its columns are of iron : in heaven it glit-\nters like a whip for horses\n1 Byyourhigh Laio: the eternalorderoftheuniverse,whichintheregion\n©fthe Sunregulates the starting andthe journeying of hishorses, depends\non,or is identical with, the everlasting statutesof Mitraand Varuna. Ten\nhundred raysofthe Sun. Onechiefglory; theorbof theSun,thenoblest\nvisibleformofAgni andother Gods.\n2 Floodsthatstoodthere they, thatisthesunbeams,haveinthecourse of\ndaysmilkedoutorattractedtothemselves thewatersthat stoodapart from\nthe Sun. TasthusHh (standing, stationary) has no substantive expressed,\nandthemeaning ofthesecondhalfline is consequently somewhatuncertain.\nAllvoicesof the cow-pen the cow-pen is the vast aerial stall which holds\ntherain-clouds,the milch-kine of the firmament. The W'—'r.-*\nthethunderandtheroaroftherushingrain. Your single .i ft •\ncircumferenceorfelly ofthewheelbeing, bymetonymy,putforthechariot.\n54 A Onco ave tr hi rn og neclou od ro of ns ya oc ur red co ai rl\n.\nofghrita fbutter,£.e. fertilizingrain.\n6 Yesaveamidoblations thesacrificialhallwithitsprecinctsbeingregard-\nedas aninviolable asylum.\n7 Adorned withgold thechariotof Mitraand Varuna. Likeawhip for\nhorses accordingtoS&yana, thewhipisthelightningand thehorses arethe\nflyingclouds."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 528,
            "content": ": :\nhi* 1f&f MYum of \\sook v.\nOr stablished on a field deep-soiled and fruitful. So may we\nshare thie meath that loadsjour car-seat.\n8 Ye mount your car gold-hued at break of morning, and iron-\npillared when the Sun fs setting',\nAndfrom that place* O Varupaand Mitra, behold infinity and\nlimitation.\n9 Bountiful guardiansof the world ! the shelterthat is impene-\ntrable* strongest, flawless,\nAid us with that, 0 Yaruna and Mitra, and when we long to\nwin may we be victors.\nHYMN\nLXIII. Mitra-Varuna,\nGtjabdians of Order, ye whose Laws are ever true, inthe\nsublimest heaven your chariot ye ascend.\n0 Mitra-Yaruna whomsoe'er ye favour, here, to him the rain\nwith sweetness streamethdown from heaven.\n2 This world7s imperial Kings, 0 Mitra-Yaruna, ye rule in holy\nsynod, looking on the light.\nWe pray forrain, yourboon, andimmortality. Throughheaven\nand over earth the thunderers take their way.\n8 Imperial Kings, strong, Heroes, Lords of earth and heaven,\nMitra and Yaruna, ye ever active Ones,\nYe wait on thunder with the many-tinted clouds, and bythe\nAsura’s magic power cause Heaven to rain.\n4 Your magic, Mitra-Yaruna, resteth in the heaven. The Sun,\nthe wondrous weapon, cometh forth as light.\nYe hide him inthe skywith cloudand flood of rain,andwater-\ndrops, Parjanya ! full ofsweetness flow.\nOr stablished: tlie meaning of this third P&da is not clear. Professor\nWilson, followingS&yana,translates: *mayweloadthevehiclewiththeliba-\ntioninan auspiciousplace, orinthesacrificial hall, (where thecolumns) are\nerected.\"\n8 Iron-pillared the chariotwhichshineslikegoldinthelightoftherising\nsunlooksdim and darklikebronzeorironatsunset.\nInfinity and limitation: dditim ditim ahaj according toS&yana, Aditior.\ntheEarthasanindivisiblewhole,andDitiasrepresentingthedivisiblepeople\nandlivingcreaturesinhabitingit. AditiappearstomeaninfiniteNature,and\nDititobeaGoddess connectedwith Aditi without anydistinct conception,\nandmerely asacontrasttoher. The twowords mayperhapsmean theeter-\nnalandtheperishable,yonderboundlessspaceandtheboundedspacenearus,\norSkyand Earth, orNature by day and Naturebynight. ‘At all events,\nas Dr. Muirobserves, ‘thetwotogetherappearto beputby thepoetforthe\nentireaggregateofvisiblenature.’ SeeOriginalSanskrit Texts, Y. pp. 42, 43.\nThehymnisaprayerforrain.\n2 Thethunderers: theroaringwinds.\n3 TheAsura'smagicpower theAsuraordivineBeinghereiseitherDyaus\norParjanya."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 529,
            "content": "; : ;\nB4YMN 640 TEE MOVE DA, 535\nThe Maruts yoke their easy oar for victory, O Mitra-Varuna,\nas a hero in the wars.\nThe thunderers roam through regions varied in t&eir hues.\nImperial Kings, bedewus with the milk of heaven.\n6 Refreshing is your voice, O Mitra-Varuna : Parjanya sendeth\nout a wondrous mighty voice.\nWith magic power the Maruts clothe them with the clouds.\nYe Two cause Heaven to rain, the red, the spotless One.\n7 Wise, with your Law and through the Asura’s magic power\nye guard the ordinances, Mitra-Varuna.\nYe by eternal Order govern all the world. Ye set the Sun in\nheaven as a refulgent car.\nHYMN LX\nIV, Mitra-Varuna.\nYou, foeman-slaying Varuna and Mitra, we invoke with song,\nWho, as with penfold of yourarms, encompassroundthe realm\nof light.\n2 Stretch out your arms with favouring love unto this man who\nsingeth hymns,\nFor in all placesis sung forth your ever-gracious friendliness.\n3 That I may gain a refuge now, may my steps be on Mitra's\npath.\nMen go protected in the chargeof this dear Friend who harms\nus not.\nA Mitra and Varuna, from you may I, by song, win noblest\nmeed\nThat shall stir envy in the homes of wealthy chiefs and those\nwho praise.\n5 With your fair splendours, Varuna and Mitra, to our gather-\ning come,\nThat in theirhomes the wealthy chiefsand they who areyour\nfriends maythrive.\n6 With those, moreover, among whom ye hold your high supre-\nmacy,\nVouchsafe us room that we may win strength for prosperity\nand wealth.\n1 Withpenfoldofyourarms; I follow-Professor Ludwigintakingvrajflas\naninstrumentalcase.\n3 Maymysteps he; may Iwalk in the wayof Mitra, thatm,may Ikeep\nhisholylaw.\n5 Thewealthy chiefs the institutorsof sacrifice. Your friends we, the\npriests.\n6 With those withthe Gods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 530,
            "content": "—\n: :; ; : :\nm\nthe hymns of [soon r.\n7 When morning flushes, Holy Ones ! in the Gods? realm where\nwhite Cows shine,\nSupportingArchananas, speed, ye Heroes, with your active\nfeet hither to my pressed Soma juice.\nHYMN LXY.\nMitra-Yaruna.\nFull wise is he who hath discerned ; let him speak to us of\nthe Gods,\nThe manwhose praise-songs Varuna the beautiful, or Mitra,\nloves.\n2 For they are Kings of noblest might, of glorious fame most\nwidely spread\n;\nLords of thebrave, who strengthen Law, the Holy Ones with\nevery race.\n3 Approaching you withprayer for aid, together I address you\nfirst.\nWe who have good steeds call on you, Most Sage, to give u»\nstrengthbesides.\n4 E’en out of misery Mitra gives a way to dwelling at our ease,\nFor he who worships hath the grace of Mitra, fighter in the\nvan.\n5 In Mitra’s shelter that extends to utmost distance may we\ndwell,\nUnmenaced, guarded by thy care, ever as sons of Yaruna.\n6 Ye, Mitra, urge this people on, and to one end direct their\nways.\nNeglect not ye the wealthy chiefs, neglectnot us the Bishis :\nbe ourguardianswhen ye quaffthe milk.\nHYMN LXYL\nMitra-Yaruna\n0 sapientman, call the Two Gods, the very wise, who slay\nthe foe.\nFor Yaruna, whose form is Law, place offerings for his great\ndelight.\n7 White Cows; thewhitecloudsofearlymorning. Archandnas theRMu\nofthehymn. Withyouractive feet theliteraltranslationofhmtib —hih pad-\nbhihwouldbe, withfeetprovidedwithhands : *Withrapidsteeds.’ Wilson.\nSeeM. Bloomfield, Contributionstothe Interpretationof the Yeda, Second\nSeries,p.35.\n1 Of theGods: regardingMitraandVaruna.\n5 As sons of Varuna or perhaps, as Professor Ludwig suggests, with\nYarunaas ourson, thatiswithkinglydescendants.\n6 Ye, Mitra andVaruna.\nWhenyequaffthemilk\n;\nfinthepresentingofthelibation.’—\nWilson,\n1 0 Sapientman thouwhoknowesthowtopraisetheGods.\nWhoseformisLaw accordingtoSayana,‘whoseformiswater.’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 531,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nJBYMN 67.] THE RIGVEDA. 637\n2 For they have won unbroken sway in full perf^otm^^praver\ndivine.\nAnd, like high^ hath beenmade beautb\nfhl asllgbt.\n3 Therefore we praise you that your cars may travelfarinfront\nof ours\nYou who accept the eulogy of R&tahavya with his hymns.\n4 And ye show wisdom, Wondrous Gods ! withfulness of intelli-\ngence.\nBy men's discernment are ye marked, 0 ye whose might is\npurified.\n5 This is the Law sublime, 0 Earth : to aid the Rishis' toil for\nfame\nThe Two, wide-spreading, are prepared. They come with\n.ample overflow.\n6 Mitra, ye Gods with wandering eyes, would that the worship-\npers and we\nMight strive to reach the realm ye rule, most spacious and\nprotected well.\nHYMN\nLXVir. Mitra-Varuna,\nYe Gods, Adityas, Yaruna, Aryaman, Mitra, verily\nHave here obtained supremest sway, high, holy, set apart for\nyou.\n2 When, Yaruna andMitra, yesitinyourgoldendwelling-place.\nYe Twain, supporters of mankind, foe-slayers, give felicity.\n3 All these, possessors of all wealth, Yaruna, Mitra, Aryaman,\nFollow their ways, as if with feet, and guard from injury\nmortal man.\n2 Likehighlaws: ProfessorLudwigwouldreadvratena insteadofvrativa,\nthatis, throughholyordinance.\n3 Udtaharya theRishiof the hymn. X can make nothing out of thi»\nstanza, andIfollowSayanaindespairoffindingareasonableinterpretation,\n4 Thisstanzaalsoisdifficult andobscure.\n5 0Earth: Prithivl, or Earth,isquiteoutofplacehere. ProfessorLudwig\nsuspects acorruptionof thetext, andProfessor Grassmannthinksthat the\nwholestanzahasbeeninserted by mistake. The two wide-spreadingor far-\nreaching Gods, MitraandYaruna,are saidtobereadytolistentothe Rishis'\nprayersandsoto increasetheirrenown. Thecopiousfallofrainisproofthat\ntheirprayershavebeenheard.\n6 Ye Gods MitraandYaruna, Mitraonlybeingnamed.\n2 Yourgoldendwelling-place thedelightfulplaceofsacrifice, accordingto\nS&yana.\n3 Followtheirways ; theirroyalordinances,vratft, thatis vratftni."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 532,
            "content": ": ; ; : ; :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF {BOOK F»\n4 For*thcyarc true, they cleave to Law, held holy amongevery\nrace,\nGoocfleaders, bounteous in-their gifts, deliverers even from\ndistress.\n£> Whichof yourpersons, Varuna orMitra, meritsnotourpraise?\nTherefore our thought is turned to you, the Atria* thought is\nturned to you.\nHYMN LXVIIL\nMitra-Varuna.\nSing forth unto your Varuna and Mitra with a song inspired.\nThey, Mighty Lords, are lofty Law\n2 Full springs of fatness, Sovran Kings, Mitra and Varuna, the\nTwain,\nGods glorified among the Gods,\n3 So help ye us to riches, great terrestrial and celestial wealth\n:\nVast isyour sway among the Gods.\n4 Carefully tending Law with Law they have attained their\nvigorous might.\nThe Two Gods wax devoid of guile.\n5 With rainy skies and streaming floods, Lords of the strength\nthat bringeth gifts,\nA lofty seat have they attained,\nHYMN LXIX,\nMitra-Varuna.\nThree spheres of light, 0 Va»una, three heavens, three\nfirmaments ye comprehend, 0 Mitra\nWaxed strong, ye keep the splendour of dominion, guardin°g\nthe Ordinance that lasts for ever.\n2 Ye, Varuna, have kine who yield refreshment; Mitra, your\nfloods pour water full of sweetness.\nThere stand the Three Steers, splendid in their brightness,\nwho fill the three world-howls with genial moisture.\n1 They,—MightyLords ,areloftyLaw *(come) mighty deities, tothe great\nsacrifice.’ Wilson.\ngkr2 i, tF du yl ol nts mav ai yng ms eo af nf ha et rn ees as s; ito dr oi eg sina et lo sr es who ef re,st dr we ea lm ls ino gf of rer ht ai vl iiz ni gng thr ea ii rn h;omo er\nwithghritd, clarifiedbutteroroilusedinsacrifice.\n5 Lordsofthestrengththatbringethgifts *lords ofsustenance, suitedto\n.theliberaldonors(of oblations).’—Wilson.\n1 Threefirmaments ; according toSayana, threerealms ofearth, an inter-\npretation whichismoreinaccordancewiththesecondhalfofstanza\n2.\n2 Three Steers;Agni asterrestrial fireon earth,Vdyu asthe windin\nSuryaastheSuninheaven. Worldbowls Ludwigexplains\ndifferently. Seehis UeberdieneuestenArbeitenaufdemGebietederltgveda-\nforscliung,p, 85, Genialmoisture thefertilizingrain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 533,
            "content": ":\nIIYMN\n72.]\nTHE RIGVEDA\n,\n3 I call at dawn on Aditi the Goddess, I call at noon and when\nthe Sun is setting.\nI pray, O Mitra-Varuna, for safety, for wealth and progeny*\nin rest and trouble.\n4 Ye who uphold the region, sphere of brightness, ye who\nsupport earth’s realm, Divine &aicyas,\nThe Immortal Gods, O Y^runa and Mitra, never impair your\neverlasting statutes.\nHYMN LXX. Mitra-Varuna.\nEven far and wide, 0 Varuna and Mitra, doth your grace\nextend.\nMay I obtain your kind good-will.\n2 From you, benignant Gods, may we gain fully food for\nsustenance.\nSuch, 0 ye Eudras, may we be.\n3 Guard us, 0 Eudras, with your guards, save us, ye skilled to\nsave, may we\nSubdue the Dasyus, we ourselves.\n4 Or ne’er may we, 0 Wondrous Strong, enjoy another’s\nsolemn feast,\nOurselves, our sons, or progeny.\nHYMN LXXI. Mitra-Varuna.\n0 Varuna and Mitra, ye who slay the foemen, come with\nmight\nTo this our goodly sacrifice.\n2 For, Varuna and Mitra, ye Sages are Eulers over all. Fill\nfull our songs, for this ye can.\n3 Come to the juice that we have pressed. Varuna, Mitra,\ncome to drink\nThis Soma of the worshipper.\nHYMN\nLXXII. Mitra-Varuna.\nTo Varuna and Mitra we offer with songs, as Atri did. Sit\non the sacred grass to drink the Soma juice.\n2 0yeRudras : 0 Mitraand Varuna.\n4 Or ne’w' may we: I adopt Professor Ludwig’s explanation. \"We will\novercometheDasyus byour ownpower, orwe willnever again participatein\nany man’s solemnfestivalheldinhonourof the Gods : a self-imprecation in\ncase of failingtocarry outtheirpurpose.\n1 Withmight S&yanaexplainsbarhandashantdrau sairtindm, destroyers\nof enemies.\n2 Fillfulloursongs: letthem overflow with, orproduce abundantly, the\nre; sults forwhichwepray.\n1 -daAtri did: afterthemanner of Atri, the founderof ourfamily."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 534,
            "content": "MO mn HYMNS OP IBOOK V.\n2 By OrdinanceandLawyedwellinpeacesecure, bestirringmen*\nSit on the sacred grass to drink the Somajuice.\n3 MayVaruna andMitra, for our help, accept the sacrifice.\nSit onthe sacred grass to drink the Somajuice.\n~~ “\n''\nAsvins,\nWhether, 0Asvins, yethisday'W^f&y remote ornearathand,\nIn many spots or in mid-air, come hither, Lords-of ample\nwealth.\n2 These here, who show o’er widest spaoe, bringing full many a\nwondrous act,\nBesistless, lovingly I seek, I call the Mightiest to enjoy.\n3 Anotherbeauteous wheel have ye fixed there to decorate your\ncar.\nWith others through the realms ye roam in might unto the\nneighbouring tribes.\n4 That deed of yours that isextolled, Yisvas! hathallbeendone\nwith this.\nBom otherwise, and spotless, ye have entered kinship’s bonds\nwith us.\n5 When Sury& mounted on your carthat rolls for everrapidly,\nBirds of red hue were round about and burning splendours\ncompassed you.\n6 Atri bethinks himself ofyou, 0 Heroes, with a friendly mind,\nWhat time, Nasatyas, with his mouth he stirs the spotless\nflame foryou.\n1 Inmanyspots: thepurft,inthetextisthus explainedby SSyana.\n2 Toenjoy: the libationofferedtoyou. According to S&yana,bhuj£ here\nmeans forenjoyment, orforprotection.\n3 There: the thirdwheel of their chariot, standing by itself in front, is\nespecially ornamental. Withothers: S&yanaexplainsanySt byanyena chaJc-\nbre en ia n, ti e. ne d. ew di ,t oh ranothe «r «, :orth ie *»other, whee wl i; thbu yut gctt .he Tt hw eo neh ii gn hd bow uh re ie nl gs trm iu bes st\nt\nthemeaningof • i t Professor Ludwig translates the\nwords by ‘zu den geschlechtern der Nahusa/ ‘tothetribesof the [people\ncalled]Nahushas.’ ProfessorWilson, followingSayana, translatesthestanza\ndifferently: *Youhavearrestedoneluminouswheelof(your) carforillumin-\ningtheform(of thesun),whilst with theotheryoutraversethespheres (to\nregulate) byyourpowertheagesof mankind.’\n4- Visvas/; S&yanaexplainsvi&—vd, byvydptau, thetwo whospread through\norpervade: ‘universal (deities),’ Wilson. Withthis: accordingto S4yana,\nwith thisPaura(the IJishiofthehymn). Or ‘this’ may mean, asProfessor\nLudwigthinks,thethird wheelof thecar,inwhich mysterious virtuemore\nespeciallyresides. Bornotherwise: ofdivineandnothumanorigin.\n5 Sdryd; fcheDaughteroftheSun. SeeI. 116. 17."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 535,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMN 74.] THE RIGVEDA. HI\n7 Strong is jour swiftlymoving steed, famed Lis exertion in the\ncourse\nWhen by your great deeds, Asvins, Chiefs, Atri is br„ ought to\nus again.\n8 Lovers ofsweetness, Rudras, she who streamswith sweetness\n10 waits on you.\nWhen ye have travelled through the seas men tiring you gifts\nof well-dressed food.\n9 Asvins, with truth they call you Twain bestowers of felicity\nAt sacrifice most prompt to hear, most graciousye atsacrifice.\nMost pleasing to the Asvins be these prayers which magnify\ntheir might,\nWhich we have fashioned, even as cars high reverence have\n:\nwe spoken forth.\nHYMN LXXIY.\nAsvins.\nWh1ere\nin the heavens are ye to-day, Gods, Asvins, rich in\nconstancy?\nHearthis, ye excellent as Steers Atri inviteth you to come.\n:\n2 Where are they now ? Where are the Twain, the famed,\nNfisatyas, Gods in heaven?\nWho is the manye strive to reach? Who of your suppliants\nis with you?\n3 Whom do ye visit, whom approach ? to whom direct your\nharnessed car?\nWith whose devotions are ye pleased? We long for you to\nfurther us.\n4 Ye, Strengtheners, for Paura stir the filler swimming in the\nflood,\nAdvancing to be captured like a lion to the ambuscade.\n7 Atriisbroughtto us again: seeI. 112. 7.\nstu8 tiS rah se uiw ah to kns tt d.ream es Ouw rit nh utrs iw te iet on ue sss (adoV r& ak t, ioV n)o /::-'' Q -7 . o sr eas.o *ur ofp ar ia ri .se,\n1 Rich in constancy: faithful friends of your worshippers. Excellent as\nSteel's: liberalsh «owe—rers(of benefits).’—Wilson.\n2 Ofyo-r' r 7 - j-.^oughnot entirelysatisfactory, seemstobe\npr r pt ia aeh vs sme es sa ro a ar sn g gkl e esy (, :w of hahs.: . t• ot1\n1\nvo d.- i1 ny. u' v. a/yorn. a‘ d'» . u' tl ( T nya q dh od uf mueif rsn sm& ? te)m p ua rc tni eo iin su nn el dnd gt mh ci w sebs u?oe cup hl lt S da da &c k ye t se. ah an ne haP a n lr s yo b= p af e a h,e rs saws ypho d( hir q trcu ;ahaL seu e ‘) o sd , wfw htt ti ahh h tg ee e\npraisermaybe the associateofthepraises ofyoutwain?*\ndan4 ceTh wi is thSt £a >n &s ya ani as ’d ses ep xe pr la at ne al ty iod niff :ic *u Plt a. uraP sr ,of se es ns dor toWi Pl as uo rn at tr han esl ra at ie ns -i sn hea dc dc io nr-\ng"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 536,
            "content": "542 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK F.\n5 Ye from Chyavana worn with age removed his skin as ’twere\na robe.\nSo, $hen ye made him young again, he stirred the longing of\nadame.\n6 Here is the man who lauds you both : to see your gloryare\nwe here.\nNow hearme, come with saving help, ye who are rich in store\nof wealth.\n7 Whoamongmanymortalmenthisdayhathwonyoutohimself1\nWhat bard, accepters of the bard% Who, rich in wealth\n!\nwith\nsacrifice%\n108 0 Asvins, may your car approach, most excellent of cars for\nspeed.\nThrough many regions may our praise pass onward among\nmortal men,\n9 May ourlaudation of you Twain, lovers of meath ! be sweet\nto you.\nFly hitherward, ye wise of heart, like falcons with your wing-\ned steeds.\n0 Asvins, when at any time ye listen to this call of mine,\nForyouisdaintyfoodprepared:theymixrefreshingfoodforyon,\nfc ol ro eu std .’;dr Pi rv oe fei st st oo rh Wi im lsw oh no ri es me an rg ka sg :ed ‘Ti hn esa ncr ai mfi ece, ofas th( ehu Rn it se hr is isch ha es re e) ,a acl cio on rdi in nga\ntothe scholiast, arbitrarily applied, firsttothe Aswins because they are in\nrelationwith Pauraas theauthorof the Suhta andal,thoughthetextgives\nPaurainthevocativesingular, it is to be unde; rstood in the dual Paura,\ntherefore, being Amins: next it implies, as Pauram, a cloud, from its\nbeingsolicited by the Rishiforthefallofrain, as impliedbythelastterm,\ni aP n na du thr ted hy avo ta c, pat ato uiv rm e ae mca ,t sh e i,e nm tR e hi as enh ai s cs cto uh sec aa tAl isl vve ed i. n c5 s a, sP er a ,o sf me fis els l aeo nrr s s,R tio n hct erh e Sa oi ss mer ao sf ,,o top hri eni s fio t ln r leet rnh oga rtt h se aP n ta e iu srr fsa y, -;\ningjuice(ef. II. 11. 11, ThejuicethatsatisfieshathholpenIndra), saidto be\nswimmingintheflood, i.e, mixedwith water. Thesecondhalfofthestanza\nwouldthen probablymeanthattheSomaflowsoninordertobetakenupand\nused inlibationsasaliongoestotheplace wheremenlie in wait to capture\nhimor whereapitfall hasbeen^ preparedtoentraphim. Stillthereremains\nthevery greatdifficultyof Paurain thesingular beingused insteadofthe\nAd n su a va m il nsP ; ,a bu u Pr t aa uu i r. t aisP ir sto o tf oe bs e ms eo t ar a nkL eu tnd hew dii Rrg ie scr hte im a osa fr ak ts c hr e: y‘ hoP f ya mu w nar ,ra n P: i anS g u. . re ata iP sd a tua orsv a mi ein s aoh ntos tma hm e eb a co n ld oh t ua h d- e\n.\nThisisnaturallytoomuch. Theword udaprutam (swimminginwater) shows\nthatPaurahadbeenenticedtoaplace wherehisenemies intendedtodrown\nhim. He hadgone to the spot as unsuspiciously asalion approaches the\npitfall,and wasalreadyinthe waterwhenthe Asvinscalled outtohimand\ns Pt ao up rp aed yehi crm i. ed,Ac Pc ao ur rd ai 3ng ant do sath vi es de hx ip mla wn ha eti non swt ih me mt ir na gns il nat ti ho enw flo ou ol d,d Hb ie m; ‘ wF ho or\nhadreachedtheambushasaliontothecapturegoes.\n5 Ckyavdna: seel. 116. 10.\nof6 swiR fi tch hi on rss et so /re—o Rf ow te halth ‘p: o1 sa sf ef sl su oe rn st oi fn ef xo co eld l/ e— ntWi ml as ro en s, /a—ft Le ur dS w& iy ga .na\n;\n‘lords\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 537,
            "content": ":: : : :\nHYMN 75,] THE RIGYEBA* 543\nHYMN LXXY.\nAsvins,\nTo meet your treasure-bringing ear, themiglity car mo,st dear\nto us, '\nAsvins, the Bishi is prepared, your praiser, with his song of\npraise. Lovers of sweetness, hear my call.\n2 Pass, 0 ye. Asvins, pass away beyond all tribes of selfish men,\nWonderful, with your golden paths, most gracious, bringers\nof the flood. Lovers of sweetness, hear my call.\n3 Come to us, O ye AsvinPair, bringingyourprecioustreasures,\ncome\nYe Rudras, on your paths of gold, rejoicing, rich in store of\nwealth. Lovers of sweetness, hear my call.\n4 0 Strong and Good, the voice of him who lauds you well\ncleaves to your car.\nAndthatgreatbeast, yourchariot-steed, fair, wonderful, makes\ndainty food. Lovers of sweetness, hearmy call.\n5 Watchful in spirit, horn on cars, impetuous, listing to his cry,\nAsvins, with wingM steeds ye speed down to ChyavUna void\nof guile. Lovers of sweetness, hear my call.\n6 Hither, 0 Heroes, let your steeds, of dappled hue, yoked at\nthe thought,\nYour flying steeds, 0 Asvins, bringyou hitherward, withbliss,\nto drink. Lovers of sweetness, hear my call.\n7 0 Asvins, hither come to us N&satyas, be not disinclined.\nThrough longing for the p; ious turn out of the way to reach\nour home. Lovers of sweetness, hear my call.\n8 Ye Lords of Splendour, free from guile, come, standat this\nour sacrifice\nBeside the singer, Asvins, who longs for your grace and lauds\nyou both. Lovers of sweetness, hear my call.\n9 Dawn with her white herd hath appeared, and in due time\nhath fire been placed.\nHarnessed is your immortal car, 0 Wonder-Workers, strong\nand kind. Lovers of sweetness, hear my call.\n1 Loversofsweetness drinkersofthesweetSomajuice:accordingtoS&yana,\nmasters oftheMadhuvidy&, orknowledgeofsweetness,thatis,theknowledge\nthatteacheswherethe Somaisto befound. SeeI. 84. 13.\n2 Selfishmen readingahamsanfikforaham sand . SeeAufrecht, II. V. II,\nXLII. note.\n3 Richinstoreof wealth; or, Lordsofrapidsteeds.Seenoteonstanza 6 of\nthe precedinghymn.\n4 Andthatgreat beast thechariotofthe Asvinsissometimes said to be\nd rer pa rw en seb ny tia ngst ta hl elio gn rea yss ti( ns te seI o. f3 e4 a. r9 ly;m1 o16 r. ni2 ng; ,16*2.21),thedun-coloured animal\n5 Ohyavdna seeI. 116. 10.\n8 Wholongsforyour grace S&yana takes avasy&m here to be a proper\nname, Avasyu, whoissaidtobethe Rishi ofthehymn.\n9 Indue time: forthemorninglibation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 538,
            "content": ":\n544 TEE EYMNS OF [BOOK F,\nHYMN LXXYI. Asvins,\nAgni, the bright face of the Dawns, is shining ; the singers'\npiousvoices have ascended.\nBorne on your chariot, Asvins, turn you hither, and come\nunto ourfall and richlibation.\n2 Most frequent guests, they scorn not what is ready: even now\nthe lauded Asvins are beside us.\nWith promptest aid they come at mom and evening, the\nworshipper's mostblessed guards from trouble.\n3 Yea, come at milking-time, at early morning, at noon ofday\nand when the Sunis setting,\nBy day, by night, with favour most auspicious. Not only\nnow the draught hath drawn the Asvins.\n4 For 'this place, Asvins, was of old your dwelling, these were\nyourhouses, this your habitation.\nCome to us from high heaven and from the mountain. Come\nfrom the watersbringing food and vigour.\n5 May we obtain the Asvins’ newest favour, and gain their\nhealth-bestowing happy guidance.\nBring riches hither unto us, and heroes, and all felicity and\njoy, Immortals\nI\nHYMN LXXYII. Asvins.\nFirst worship those who come at early morning let the\n:\nTwain drinkbefore the giftless niggard.\nThe Asvins claim the sacrifice at day-break : the sagesyield-\ning the first share extol them.\n2 Worship at dawn and instigate the Asvins : nor is the wor-\nshipper at eve rejected.\nBesides ourselves another craves and worships : each first in\nworship is mosthighly favoured.\nI Thebrightface; makinghisfirstappearanceatearlym orning. Libation ;\ngharmdm theofferingofhotmilkorotherheatedbeverage.\n3\ntThe,\nAsvinsare invitedtocomeatdifferenttimes,atmorning, mid-day\na thn ed es vu en ns ie nt g; aa sn wd eli lnV aI sI aI t. d2 a2 w. n1 .4, Ii tt nis ees dim ni ol ta ,rly hos wa ei vd et rh ,at sut rh pe riy sear ue si tn hv ao tke td hei yn\nshouldbe invitedto attendthe differentceremonies ofthe worshippers,and\ntherefore conceivedto appearat hours distinct fromthe supposed natural\nper 5io Td hs i^ sof stt ahe ni zr am isan ii def ne ts it ca at li wo in t/ h—J Y. ,M 42u .m 1, 8.0, SanskritTexts ,V, 239.\n1 B—eforethegiftlessniggard *beforethegreedywithholders (of the offer-\nmg)/ Wilson.\n. 2 Nor is the worshipperat everejected:literally,a thing unacceptedor\nur nej ae cc ct ee pd t. ablS e&y ta on ta he ex mpl *—ain Ws ild si of nf .eren Tt Kl ;y <r>: ‘theevening ^ois ugn ho ,tf so ur ppt oh re tg eo dds b; yi tt hi es\nat cex ct orp dU ar nv cd eh wn io tv hai thd eeo ud sn ei» ofi t Vt eh de ictimes. ; tothe Gods, isnotin"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 539,
            "content": "—\n: : : :\nMYMN 78.] THE HIQYBDA. '545\n3 Covered with gold, meath-tinted, dropping fatness, your\nchariot with its freight of food comes hither,\nSwift as thought, Asvins, rapid as the tempest, wherewith ye\ntravel over all obstructions.\n4 He who hath served most often the Nasatyas, and gives the\nsweetest food at distribution,\nFurthers with his own holy works his offspring, and ever\npasses those whose flames ascend not.\n5 May we obtain the Asvins5 newest favour, and gain their\nhealth-bestowing happy guidance.\nBring riches hither unto us, and heroes, and all felicity and\njoy, Immortals\n!\nHYMN LXXVIII. Asvins.\nYe Asvins, hither come to us N&satyas, be not disinclined.\n:\nFly hither like two swans unto the juice we shed.\n2 0 Asvins, like a pairofdeer, like twowild cattleto themead\nFly hither like two swans unto the juice we shed,\n3 0 Asvins rich in gifts, accept our sacrifice to prosper it\nFly hither like two swans unto the juice we shed.\n4 As Atri when descending to the cavern called on you loudly\nlike a wailing woman,\nYe came to him, 0 Asvins, with the freshestand mostauspici-\nous fleetness of a falcon.\n-5 Tree, partasunderlikethesideofherwhobringethforthachild.\nYeAsvins, listen to my call loose Saptavadhrifrom hisbonds.\n:\n6 ForSaptavadhri,fortheseeraffrightedwhenheweptandwailed,\nYe, Asvins, with your magicpowers rent up thetree andshat-\ntered it.\n7 Like as the wind on every side ruffles a pool of lotuses,\nSo stir in thee the babe unborn, so may the ten-month babe\ndescend.\n8 Like as the wind, likeas the wood, like as the sea is set astir,\n,\nSo also, ten-month babe, descend togetherwith theafter-birth.\n9 The child who hath for ten months5 time been lying in his\nmother’s side,\nMay hecome forthalive, unharmed,yea, livingfrom theliving\ndame.\n2\n4\nW Ti held cac va ett rl ne: tG ha eur aa bs y, ssor orBo dv ee es pG pa iu tri i.\nnto whichhe was castby AsuraSor\nevi 5ls Tp ri er ei ,ts. parS te ae sI u. n1 d1 e2 r. 7 S; ap1 t1 a6 v. a8 dh; ri117 a. pp8. earsto havegot his handor foot\nJammedinasplit tree, and tohave been extricated when he called on the\nAs *v 9in *s Tht io sa aid ndhi tm h. e twostanzas precedingar—etermedby Sayanathe garbh,as-\nrdvmyupaniskad,theliturgy ofchild-birth.’ Wilson,\n35"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 540,
            "content": "m—\n: !; ;\nm\nTIIB HYMNS OB [BOOK V.\nHYMN LXXIX. Dawn.\n,\n0 heavenly Dawn, awaken us to ample opulence to-day\nEven as thou hast wakened us with Satyasravas, Vayya’s son,\nhigh-born delightful with thy steeds\ni !\n2 Daughterof Heaven, thou dawnedst on SunithaSuchadratha’s\nsop, *\nSo dawn thou on one mightier still, on Satyasravas, Vayya's\nson, high-born 1 delightful,with thy steeds !\n3 So, bringing treasure, dawnto-day onus thouDaughterofthe\nSky,\nAs thou, 0 mightier yet, didst shine forSatyasravas, Yayya's\n, son, high-born ! delightful with thy steeds !\n4 Here round about thee are the priests who laud thee,. Bright\nOne, with their hymns,\nAnd menwith gifts, 0 Bounteous Dame, splendid with wealth\n. and offering much, high-born 1 delightful with thy steeds !\n5 Whateverthese thy bands perform to please thee or win them\nwealth,\nE’en fain they gird us i'ound and give rich gifts which ne’ei*\nare reft away, high-born ! delightful with thy steeds\n— —\nTheconnexion between 1 6, and7 9 isnotclear. Byyvalidnadhamdnd\n(awailing woman)aparturientwomanmayperhaps,ProfessorLudwigthinks,\nbe intended. Atri, as he descended into the pit, invoked the Asvins that\ntheymightrelease him asa woman releases thechild—shebears. A tree\nwhichismuchharderandfirmerthanawoman’s body uncloseditself when\nSaptavadhriinvokedtheAsvins. Boshalltheparturient womanbring forth\nherchildthroughthehelp ofthe Asvinsandat Atri’sintercession, A con-\nnexion may thus beestablished, thoughhere and there it would be rather\nforced.\n1 Satyasravas; theRishiofthe hymn. Delightfulwith thysteeds pleas-\nanttothosewhomthoufavourestonaccountofthehorseswhichthoubestow-\nest. The word asvus&nriteis variously rendered, e.g. by ProfessorWilsoh,\nafterS&yana, £praised sincerely for (the giftof) horses ;’ byProf. Ludwig,.\n‘anrossen trefliohesbesitzende/ ‘havingan excellent possession inhorses r\nbyProf. Roth, ‘vomjubelderRossebegleitete/ ‘accompanied bythejoyo. us\nneighofhorses andbyProf. Q-rassmann, ‘rossereiche/ ‘richinhorses/\n4 Menwithgifts theMaghavans, or wealthyhouseholders,who institute\nthesacrificeandprovideofferingsfortheGodsandpresentsfortheofficiating\npriests.\n5 These thy hands; the congregation of worshippers. Which ne'er are\nreftaway ; orwhichare neverin vain, neverfailtoobtain theirdue reward\nfromheaven : ‘S&yana,’ Professor Wilsonremarks, cseemsrather dubiousas\ntothepropersenseofseveralof thesewords : ...the sumofthemean-\ning,agreeablytothescholiast,is,allthey who, offeringoblations,worshipthe\ndawn,receivethereward forthebenefitof us,ofme,thatistheauthorofthe\nhymn, ye twum havir-dadutuh stavanti te sctrve upy-asmadarthamyhala\nih&raymlL*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 541,
            "content": "tttMN S6.] TUM JRtQttitA. U1\n6 Give to these wealthy patrons fame, 0 affluent Dawn,' with\nhero sons,\nTc these our princes who have brought rich giftsne’er to be\nreft away, high-born delightful with thy steeds\n! !\n7 Bring lofty and resplendent fame, 0 thou munificent Dawn,\nto these\nOur wealthy patrons who bestow rich gifts on us ofsteeds and\n.\nkine, high-born J delightful with thy steeds !\n8 Bringus,0DaughteroftheSky, subsistenceinourherdsofkine,\nTogether with the sunbeams, with the shine of pure refulgent\nflames, high-born delightful with thy steeds\n1 !\n9 0 Daughter of the Sky, shine forth delay not to perform\n.. ;\nthy task.\nLet not the Sun with fervent heat consume thee likea robber\nfoe, high-born ! delightful with thysteeds !\n10 Somuch, andmore exceedingly, 0 Dawn, itsuitstheeto bestow,\nThou Badiant One who ceasest not to shine for those whosing\nthy praise, high-born delightful with thy steeds\n! !\nHYMN LXXX.\nDawn.\nThe singers welcome with their hymnsandpraises the Goddess\nDawn who bringeth in the sunlight,\nSublime,byLaw true to eternalOrder, bright on her path,red-\ntinted, far-refulgent.\n2 She comes in front, fair, rousing up the people, making the\npathways easy to he travelled.\nHigh, on herlofty chariot,all-impelling, Dawn gives her splen-\ndour at the days’ beginning.\n3 She, harnessing her car with purple oxen, injuring none, hath\nbrought perpetual riches.\nOpening pathsto happiness, the Goddess shines, praisedby all,\ngiver of every blessing.\n4 With changing tints she gleams in double splendour while\nfrom the eastward she displays her body.\nShe travels perfectly the path of Order, nor fails to reach, as\none who knows, the quarters.\n5 As conscious that her limbs are bright with bathing, she\nstands, as ’twere, erect that we may see her.\n—\n9 Delaynotto perform thytask: ‘ delaynotour (sacred)rite.’ Wilson.\n—\n2 InfrontoftheSun sdryasyapurastdt. S4yana<\n4 Thequarters* the ; regionsof thesky which she visits in obedience to\nthe eternallawoftheuniverse.\n5 With bathing: inthe dewsofheaven."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 542,
            "content": ":\n548 TUB HYMNS OH [BOOK V\n.\nDriving away malignity anddarkness,Dawn, Child of Heaven,\nhath come to ns with lustre,\n6 The Daughter of the Sky, like some chaste woman, bends,\nopposite to men, her foreheaddownward.\nThe Maid, disclosing boons to him whoworships, hathbrought\nagain the daylight as aforetime.\nHYMN LXXXI.\nSavitar.\nThe priests of him the lofty Priest well-skilled in hymns\nharness their spirit, yea, harness their holy thoughts.\nHe only knowing works assigns their priestly tasks. Yea,\nlofty is the praise of Savitar the God.\n2 The Sapient One arrays himself in every form for quadruped\n:\nand biped he hath brought forth good.\nExcellent Savitar hath looked on heaven’s high vault, and\nshineth after the outgoing of the Dawn.\n3 Even he, the God whose going-forth and majesty the other\n.\nDeities have followed withtheirmight,\nHe who hath measured the terrestrial regions outby his great\npower, he is the CourserSavitar.\n4 To the three spheres of light thou goest, Savitar, and with\nthe rays of Surya thou combinest thee.\nAround, on both sides thou encompassest the night yea,\nthou, 0 God, art Mitra through thy righteous laws. :\n5 Over all generation thou art Lord alone Pushanart thou,\n:\n0 God, in all thy goings-forth.\nYea, thou hast domination over all this world. Syav&sya\nhath brought praise to thee, 0 Savitar.\nHYMN LXXXII.\nSavitar.\nWe crave of Savitar the God this treasuremuch to beenjoyed.\nThe best, all-yielding, conquering gift of Bhaga we would\ngladly win.\n2 Savitar’s own supremacy, mostglorious and beloved ofall,\nNo one diminisheth in aught.\n1 Thelofty Priest;Savitar. Knowingworks .* skilledinruleswhichregulate\nreligions functions,or perhaps understandingthe intentions orwishesofthe\nworshippers : ‘healoneknowingtheirfunctionsdirects thepriests/—Wilson.\n2 Arrayshimselfin everyform makes allerternalobjectsclearly visibleat\nsunrise,\n8 TheCourserSavitar ,*S&yapaexplainsdta&ahaswhite,bright, shining. It\nalsomeansahorse,especiallyoneofthehorsesoftheSun,andheredesignates\nt Sh ae creS dun Booh ki sms oe flf theun Ed ae sr t,th Xa Lt If po .rm 1. 95.SeeSat&patha-Br£,hmaua, VI, 3. 1, 18 :\n4 Accordingto Sdyana, Savitar is especially the Sun before rising, and\nSuryais theSuningeneral."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 543,
            "content": "——\n; :\nfm\ntlVMtf 83.j MGftihA, 549\n3 ForSavitar who is Bhaga shall send riches to his worshipper,?\nThat Wondrous portion we implore.\n4 Send us this day, God Savitar, prosperity with progeny*\nDrive thou the evil dream away.\n5 Savitar, God, send far away all.sorrows and calamities,\nAnd sendus only what is good.\n6 Sinless in sight of Aditi through the God SavitaFs influence,\nMay We obtain all lovely things.\n7 We With our hymns this day elect the general God, Lord of\nthe good,\nSavitar whose decrees are true*\n8 He who for ever vigilant precedes these Twain, the Day and\nNight,\nIs Savitar the thoughtful God*\n9 Hewhogivesgloryuntoalltheselivingcreatureswiththesong,\nAnd brings them forth, is Savitar.\nHYMN\nLXXXIII*\nParjanya.\nSing with these songs thy welcome tothe Mighty, with adora-\ntion praise and call Par anya.\nj\nThe Bull, loud roaring, swift to send his bounty, lays in the\nplants the seed for germination.\n2 He smites the trees apart, he slays the demons: all life fears\nhim who wields the mighty weapon.\nFromhim exceedingstrongflees e’enthe guiltless, when thund-\nering Parjanya smites the wicked.\n3 Shallsend; suvtfti,from,therootsicorsii,fromwhichSavitaralsois form-\ne (d 2.\n)\nT th oe pp or ui rnci fp ora tl h,s aig ln ii bf aic ta it oi non ;s ao nf dth (3e )ro to ot sa er ne d(1 o) rto img pe en le .rat Se eo erb Mr ui in rg ,fo 0r .th S.;\nTexts,V*165.\n4 5S Se en nd du fs ar: s ad wvi ah y, fr po dm rdth se uvas .ameroot: Drivethouaway :pdrdsum.\n:\n6 Influence:savL\n7 The general God :visvddevmt *—who possesses all divine attributes,'\nMuir; ‘(identical with) all the gods,’ Wils—on; ‘den allgott,’ ‘the all-god,’\nLudwig;‘denallgottUchen,’ ‘theall-divine,’ Gr—assmann. Whose decreesare\ntrue: satydsavam : ‘who possessestrueenergy.’ Muir.\n9 Hewhogives glor—y : ‘hewhobyhis creative powerproduces the objects\nof thesongofpraise.’ Ludwig.\n1 Parjanya God of thunderstorms and rain, thegenerator andnourisher\nofplantsandlivingcreatures SeeMuir, 0.S. Te—xts,V. 140ffi,and,especially,\nM. Muller, India, Whatcan itTeachus ?pp. 186 194.\n2 Thewicked: dashkHtah, evil-doers. ‘There does notseem to be any\nsufficient reason tounderstand evil-doers here, and,inverse 9, of the cloud\ndemons, or simply of themalignant clouds, as S&yanain his explanation, of\nverse 9 does. Thepoet may naturally have supposedthatit wasexc—lusively,\norprincipally the wicked who were struck down by thunderbolts.’ Muir,\n0. & Texts V. 141,\n>"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 544,
            "content": ":\n550 TEE HYMNS OF [SOOK V,\n3 Like a car-driver whippingon his horses, hemakesthemessen-\ngers of rain spring forward\n^\nFar off\"resounds '\\\n-\n~f„thQ.jAfiIh whattime Parjanya\nfills'the sky' ! !\n4 Forth burst the winds, down come the lightning-flashes : the\nplants shoot up, the realm of light is streaming.\nFood springs abundant for all living creatures, what time\nParjanya quickens earth with moisture.\n5 Thou at whose bidding earth bows low before thee, at whose\ncommand hoofed cattle fly in terror,\nAt whose behest the plants assume all colours, even thou\nParjanya, yield us great protection.\n6 Send down for as the rain of heaven, ye Maruts, and let the\nStallion's flood descend in torrents.\nCome hither with this thunder while thou pourest the waters\ndown, our heavenly Lord and Father.\nT Thunder and roar : the germ of life deposit. Flyround us on .\n10 thy chariotwater-laden.\nThine opened water-skin draw with thee downward, and let\nthe hollows and the heights he level.\n8 Lift up the mighty vessel, pour down water, and let the\nliberated streams rush forward.\nSaturate both the earth and heaven with fatness, and forthe\ncows let there be drink abundant.\n9 When thou, with thunder and with roar, Parjanya, smitest\nsinners down,\nThis universe exults thereat, yea, all that is upon the earth,\nThou hast poured down the rain*flood : now withhold it.\nThou hastmadedesert places fit for travel.\nThou hast made herbs to growfor ourenjoyment yea, thou\nhast won thee praise from living creatures. :\nHYMN LXXXIV. Pdthivi.\nThou, of a truth, 0 Prithivl, bearest*'the tool that rends the\nhills\nThou rich in torrents, who with might quiekenest earth, 0\nMighty One.\n10 Thou hast wonthee praise; or,perhaps, ‘thou hastfulfilled thelonging\nofthepeople/\n1Pnthivt:inthisplacenottheGoddessEarthorearthpersonified,butadeity\nofthe middleairorfirmament. ‘DvirUpd Prithivi says S&yana, ‘Prithivi\nhastwoforms/ Thetoolthatrenclsthehills: the instrument thatstrikesand\npiercesthemountains andopens the water-springs, thethunderbolt orthe\npowerthatproducessimilarresults."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 545,
            "content": ":\niiTMtf 80.J THE RIOVEDA. 551\n2 To thee, 0 waiideter at will, ring out the lauds with beams\nof day,\nWho drivest, like a neighing steed, the swelling ^, cloud, O\nbright of hue.\n3 Who graspest with thy might on earth e’en the strongsovrans\nof the wood,\nWhen from the lightning of thy cloud the rain-floods of the\nheaven descend.\nHYMN LXXXY. Vanina.\nSing forth a hymn sublime and solemn, grateful to glorious\nVaruna, imperial Ruler,\nWho hath struck out, like one who slays the victim, earth as\na skin to spread in front of Surya.\n2 In the tree-tops the air he hath extended, put milk in kine\nandvigorousspeedinhorses,\nSetintellectin hearts, fire in the waters, Surya in heaven and\nSoma onthemountain.\n3 Varuna lets the big cask, opening downward, flow through the\nheaven andearthandair’s mid-region.\nTherewith the universe’s Sovran waters earth as the shower of\nrain bedews the barley.\n4 When Varunais fain for milk he moistens the sky, the land,\nand earth to her foundation.\nThen straight the mountains clothe them in the rain-cloud\n:\nthe Heroes, putting forththeir vigour, loose them,\n2 Theswellingcloud :pertim; theexact meaningofthe wordis doubtful.\nProfessorLudwigthinksthatthelightningisintended.\n1 Singforth; prd arcM. TheRishi addresseshimself. Orarchdmay-\nbe thefirstperson singular, I sing. Likeonewho slags the victim; *notthe\nordinary Immolator,butthepriestwhospre—adsouttheskin oftheslaughtered\nvictim to receive its disjointedmembers.’ Ludwig.\n2 Inthetree-tops: vaneshu explainedby S&yanaas vrikshdgreshu ‘in the\nclouds,’ according to the St.,Petersburg Lexicon. Somaon. the mountain ;\n‘theSomacreeper, Mahidhara observes,grows in theclefts ofthe stones—of\nmountains, parvatdnam pdshnasandhishu somavallyd utpddyamdnatioaV\nWilson.\n4 Isfainformilk: wishesforlibationsof milk; orthe meaningmay be,\nwhenhewishesto drawforth themilk, the fertilizing rain, of the clouds.\nEarth to her foundation; the texthasonlyprithivVm, meaning earthinits\nf (u hl ul me ux ste on rt so( lt ue mr )ra .) Oas\nr\nd pri is tt hi in vg tu ii msh med ayfr po em rhah ph stm mim e. a,nth te helan fd i, rms aoi ml e, no tr hg er ro eun ad s,\nS&yanaexplainsit. SeenoteonPrithivtin theprecedinghymn. TheHeroes:\nthestrongMaruts. Loose them; loosen theroots ofthemountai^ns.and.ma.ke\nthemtremble. “"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 546,
            "content": ": : ; ; ;\nm\nTHM HYMNS ON [BOON ft\n5 I will declare this mightydeed of magic, ofglorious Varurr.a\nthe Lord Immortal,\nWhoStanding in thefirmament hath metedthe earthout with\nthe Sun as with a measure*\n6 None, verily, hath everlet or hindered this the most wise\nGod’s mighty deed of magic,\nWherebywith all their flood, the lucid rivers fill not one sea\nwherein theypour their waters.\n7 If we have sinned against the man who loves us, have ever\nwronged a brother, friend, or comrade,\nThe neighbourever with us, or a stranger, 0 Varu^a, remove\nfrom us the trespass.\n8 Ifwe, as gamesters cheat at play, have .cheated, done wrong\nunwittingly or sinned ofpurpose,\nCast all these sins away like loosenedfetters, and, Varuya, let\nus be thine own beloved.\nHYMN LXXXVI.\nIndra-Agni*\nThe mortal man whom ye, the Twain, Indra and Agni, help\nin fight,\nBreaks through e’en strongly-guarded wealth as Trita burst\nhis way through reeds.\n2 The Twain invincible in war, worthy to he renowned in frays,\nLords of the Hivefold People, these, Indra and Agni, we\ninvoke.\n3 Impetuous is their strength, and keen the lightning of the\nmighty Pair,\nWhichfrom their arms speeds with the car to Vritra’s slayer\nforthe kine.\n4 IndraandAgni,weinvokeyouboth,assuch, tosend yourcars\n:\nLords of quick-coming bounty, ye who know, chief lovers of\nthe song.\n5 These who give increase day by day, Gods without guile for\nmortal man,\nWorthy themselves, I honour most, Two Gods as partners,\nmy\nfor horse.\n5 Deedof magic: mdy&m orthewordmay berendered by ‘device* or\n‘•design.’ SeeWallis, CosmologyoftheRiyveda, pp. 102, 103.\n1 Throughreeds so ProfessorBoth interpretsthev&aih of thetext. See\nI. 52. 5. AccordingtoS&yana the meaning is, asTrita*the Bishi breaks\ndownandrefutesthewordsorargumentsofhisopponents.\n2 TheFivefoldPeople thefiveAryantribes.\nFor5 mI yh —o hn oro su erm to hs at t: Ip mur a6 yd wi it ndh6 theI cs he at rii on t-f rr ao cn et ., in ‘Ft oh re (m to hs et sh ao kn eou or fa ob bl te aip nl ia nce g.\n)\nhorses.’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 547,
            "content": ": : ; :\nBYMN THE RtGVtitiA, MB\n87,J\n6 The strength-bestowing offering thus to Indra-Agnihathbeen\npaid, as butter, purified by stones.\nDeal to our princes high renown, deal wealth to tiose wha\nsing your praise, deal food to those who singyour praise.\nHYMN LNXXYIL\nMaruts.\n.\nTo Vishnu, to the Mighty whom the Maruts follow let your\nhymns born in song go forth, Evay&marut\nj\nTo the impetuous, strong band, adorned with bracelets, that\nrushes on injoy and ever roars for vigour.\n-\n2 They who with might were manifest, and who willingly by\ntheir own knowledge told it forth, Evay&marut.\nMaruts, this strength of yours no wisdom comprehendetli i\nthrough their gifts’ greatness they are moveless as the\nmountains.\n3 Who by the psalm they sing areheard, from loftyheaven, the\nstrong, the brightly shining Ones, Evayamarut\nIn whose abode there is no mightier one to move them, whose\nlightnings are as fires, who urge the roaring rivers.\n6 A$butter: S&yanaexplains gkritdm, sacrificial oilor clarified butter,by\nSoma juice but ptittim, purified, qualifies havydm, the offering, andnot\nghritdm. Th;elibationofSomajuicewhichhasbeen purifiedbytheoperation\nof the press-stones, strainer, etc., has been offered likeclarified butteror\nholyoil*\nThe hymn is ascribed toaRishi Evayamarut, a name whichis evidently\nborrowedfromtherefrain.\n1 Borni—n song developing them—selvesand taking form in song : vdclii\nnishpannd S&yaaa. 4Voice-born.’ Wilson. Orgirijft mayhave its usual\nmeaning,mountain-born,withreferenceto the close connexion ofthe hymns\nwiththepressing-stones whichcamefromthehills. Evaydmarut Professor\nWilson, following Sfiyana, translates.* ‘May thevoice-born praisesof Evay&^\nmarutreach you, Vishnu, attended by the Maruts,’ andobserves that {the\nname of the Rishi Evaydniarut remains unaltered in its case termination,\nwhatever maybe , its syntactical, connectionwith therest of the sentence/\nThisis manifestlyimpossible, and the wordis certainlynot aproper name.\nEvaydf, in I. 156. 1, ‘going thy wonted way,’ is an epithetof Vishnu, and\nProfessorRoththinks thatEvayamarut isanexclamation meaning, 0 Vishnu\na wn od ulM dar bu et ns ec! esor s, ar0 ytM oar cu hat ns gewh tho es ap cce ee nd t,a br oo tu hnd in! tB hu it shi yn mb not ah ndth ie ns te heca Ss fe is mai -t\nvedawherestanza 1 occurs again. Professor Grassmannsuggests, 4speeding\n(likeVishnu) isthe Maruthost,’ or, ‘ThespeedingVishnuisthetrueMarut,\norlordoftheMaruts,’ astheprobable meaning of theword. I find Evayft-\nmai*utunintelligible, and,as Professor Ludwighasdone,leaveituntranslated,\nas amere sacrificial exclamation. See Vedio Hymns (SacredBooks of the\nEast)Part 1. p. 365."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 548,
            "content": ": :\nTHE RIQVBDA* BOOK F.\n4 He of the Mighty Stride forth strode, Evay&marut, out of the\nspacious dwelling-place, their home in common.\nWheft he, himself, hath yoked his emulous strong horses on\nhei|hts, he cometh forth, joy-giving, with the Heroes,\n5 Like your tremendous roar, the rainer with light flashing,\nstrong, speeding, hath made all tremble, Evay&marut,\nWherewith victorious ye, self-luminous, press onward, with\nstrong reins, decked with gold, impetuous and well-\nweaponed.\n6 Unbounded isyour greatness, ye of mighty poAver\n:\nmay your\nbright vigour be our aid, Evay&marut.;\nForye are visible helpers in the time of trouble : like fires,\naglow with light, save us from shame and insult.\n7 So may the Budras, mighty warriors, Evayamarut, with\nsplendidbrilliancy, like fires, be our protectors;\nThey whose terrestrial dwelling-place is wide-extended, whom\nnone suspect of sin, whose bands have lofty courage.\n8 Come in a friendly spirit, come to us, 0Maruts, and hear his\ncall who praises you, Evayamarut.\nLike car-borne men, one-minded with the mighty Vishnu,\nkeep enmity far fromus with your deeds of wonder.\n9 Come to our sacrifice, ye Holy Ones, to bless it, and, free\nfrom demons, hear our call, Evayamarut.\nMost excellent, like mountains in the air’s mid-region, be\nirresistible, ye Wise, to this man’s hater. „ -\n4 HeoftheMightyStride:Yishnu. According toS&yana,thewide-spread-\ning(bandofMaruts). Theirhome Yishnu’sand Indra’s. With theHeroes;\nwiththeMaruts.\n6 Inthe timeoftrouble themeaningofprasitauisuncertain. Professor\nWilson, afterS&yana,translates:1foryou areregulatorsforoverseeing(what\nisfitfor) thelimitsofthesacrifice.’\n9 Thisman's hater:himwhohatestheinstitutorofthesacrifice,orderides\nandrevilestheholyceremony."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 549,
            "content": ": : ;\ni\nBOOK THE SIXTH.\nHYMN\nI. Agni.\nThou, first inventorof thisprayer, 0Agni, Worker of Marvels,\nhast become our Herald.\nThou, Bull, hast made us strength which none may conquer\nstrength that shall overcome all other prowess.\n2 As Priest thou sattest at the seatof worship, furthering us,\nbest Offerer, meet for honour.\nSofirst to thee have pious men resorted, turning thymind to\nthoughts of ample riches.\n3 In thee, still watching, they have followed riches, who goest\nwith much wealth as with an army,\nThe radiant Agni, lofty, fair to look on, worshipped with mar-\nrow, evermore resplendent.\n4 They who approached the God’s abode with homage, eager for\nglory, won them perfect glory\nYea, they gained even sacrificial titles, and found delight in\nthine auspicious aspect.\n5 On earth the people magnify thee greatly, thee their celestial\nand terrestrial riches.\nThou, Helper, must be known as our Preserver, Father and\nMother of mankind for ever.\n6 Dear priest among mankind, adorable Agni hath seated him,\njoy-giver, skilled in worship.\nLet usapproach thee shining in thy dwelling, kneeling upon\nourknees, with adoration,\n7 Longing for bliss, pure-minded, God-devoted, Agni, we seek\nthee, such, meet to be lauded.\nThou, Agni, leddest forth our men to battle, refulgent with\nthe heaven’s exalted splendour.\nThe Rishiofthehymn is Bharadv&ja, to whom, with afewexceptions, all\nthehymns ofthis Book areattributed.\n1 OurHerald or Invoking Priestwho calls the Godsto thesacrifice,\no vy ... ...i r mavrow . -t0 whom especially the fat covering of the\nj*. .ji1 ' actimswasoffered.\n4 Theywhoapproached the God'sabode: theItibhus, Maruts, or Angirases\nmaybemeant.\n5 Theircelestial and terrestrialriches: rttyaliubhai/dsah literally, richesof\nboth kinds. According toS&yana, consistingin cattleand inpossessions other\nthan cattle."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 550,
            "content": ": ;\n65d TMP Stum OP [POOP VL\n8 Sage of mankind, all peoples’ Lord and Master, theBullof\nmen, the sender down of blessings,\nStillpressing on, promoting, purifying, Agni the Holy One,\nthe Lord of riches.\n& Agni, the mortal Who hath toiled and worshipped, brought\nthee oblations with his kindled fuel,\nAnd well knows sacrifice with adoration, gains every joy with\nthee to guard and help him.\n10 Mightily let us worship thee theMighty,withreverence, Agni !\nfuel and oblations,\nWith songs, 0 Son of Strength, with hymns, with altar : so\nmay we strive for thine auspicious favour.\n11 Thou who hast covered heaven and earth with splendour and\nwith thy glories, glorious and triumphant,\nContinue thouto shine on us, 0 Agni, Withstrengthabundant,\nrich, and long-enduring.\n12 Vpuehsafe us ever, as man needs, 0 Vasit, abundant wealth of\nkine for son and offspring.\nFoodnoble, plenteous, farfrom sin and evil, be with us, and\nfair fame to make us happy,\n13 May I obtain much wealth in many places by love of thee and\nthrough thy grace, King Agni\nFor in thee, Bounteous One, in thee the Sovran, Agni, are\nmany boonsforhim who serves thee.\nHYMN\nII. Agni.\nThou, Agni, even as Mitra, hast aprincelyglory of thineown.\nThou, active Vasu, makest fame increase like full prosperity.\n2 For, verily, men pray to thee with sacrifices and with songs.\nTo thee the Friendly Courser, seen of all, comes speeding\nthrough the air.\n3 Of oneaccordmenkindle thee Heaven’s signalof the sacrifice,\nWhen, craving bliss, this race of man invites thee to the\nsolemn rite.\n4 Let the man thrive who travails sore, in prayer, for thee the\nBountiful.\n8 Sageofmankind, etc Sage, Lord,Bull, etc. areintheaccusativecase, in\napposition with‘thee’in stanza7,though separatedbyan interveninghalf-\nstanza.\n2 TheFriendly Courser:theSun.\n3 Or, possibly,assuggestedby ProfessorLudwig, ‘Themenaccordantwith\nthe heaven lightthee thesignofsacrifice;’ thatis, understanding thesigns\ninheavenandsoknowingthepropertimefortheceremony."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 551,
            "content": ": ! ;\nMYMN\n3.]\nTUB IIIGYBB\nA.\nU7\nHe with the help of lofty Dyaus comes safe through straits\nof enmity. /\n5 The mortal who with fuel lights thy flame and offers unto\nthee,\n...Supports a house with—many—a branch, Agni, to live a hund-\ns. — —\nred years: -\n6 Thy bright smoke lifts itself aloft, and far-extended shines in\n*heaven.\nFor, Purifier like the Sun thou beamest with thy xadiant\n!\nglow.\n7 For in men's houses thou must be glorified as a well-loved\nguest,\n10 Gaylike an elder in a fort, claiming protection like a son.\n8 Thou, Agni, like an able steed, art urged by wisdom in the\nwood.\nThou art like wind food, home artthou, like a young horse\n;\nthat runs astray.\n9 E’en things imperishable, tbou, 0 Agni, like a grazing ox,\nEate-st, when hosts, Eternal One! of thee the Mighty rend\nthe woods.\nAgni, thou enterest as Priest the home of men who sacrifice.\nLord of the people, prosper them. Accept the offering,\nAngiras\n110 Agni, God with Mitra’s might, call hither the favour of the\nGods from earth and heaven.\nBring weal from heaven, that men may dwell securely. May\nwe o’ercome the foe’s malign oppressions, may we o'ercome\nthem, through thy help o’ercome them.\nHYMN\nIIP Agni.\nTrue, guardian of the Law, thy faithful servant wins ample\nlight and dwells in peace, 0 Agin,\nWhom thou, as Varunainaccord with Mitra, guardest, 0God,\nby banishing his trouble.\n2 He bath paid sacrifices, toiled in worship, and offered gifts to\nwealth-increasing Agni.\n7 Gaylikeanelder; Agnimustberespected andeared forlikeafatheras\nwell asprotected likeason.\n8 In thewood : wherein fire isproduced by attrition. Theexactmeaning\nofthestanzaissomewhatuncertain. Like wind moving everywhere.\n9 Bateit thisorsomesimilarverbmustbesupplied.\n1—As Varuna in accord with Mitra: that is, Agni, Varuna, and Mitra as\none. Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 552,
            "content": "—\n: ; : : : ,\n558 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI.\nHim the displeasure of the famous moves not, outrage and\nsc^nx affect not such a mortal.\n3 Bright God, whose look is free from stain like Surya’s, thou,\nswift, what time tbou earnestly desirest,\nHast gear to give us. Come with joy at evening, where,\nChild of Wood, thou mayest also tarry.\n4 Fierce is his gait and vast his wondrous body r he champeth\nlike a horse with bit and bridle,\nAnd, darting forth his tongue, as 'twere a hatchet, burning the\nwoods, smelteth them like a smelter.\n5 Archer-like, fain to shoot, he sets his arrow, and whets his\nsplendour like the edge of iron\n:\nThe messenger of night with brilliant pathway, like a tree-\nroosting bird of rapid pinion.\n6 In beams of morn be clothes him like the singer, and bright\nas Mitra with his splendour crackles.\nBed in the night, by day the men’s possession : red, he be-\nlongs to men by day, Immortal.\n.\n7 Like Heaven’s when scattering beams his voice was uttered ;\namong the plants the radiant Hero shouted,\nWho with his glow in rapid course came hither to fill both\nworlds, well-wedded Dames, with treasure.\n8 Who, with supporting streams and rays that suit him, hath\nflashed likelightning with his native vigour.\nLike the deft Maker of the bandof Maruts, the bright im-\npetuous One hath shone refulgent.\n,\n3,1gratefullyadoptProfessorPischel’sinterpretation of this verydifficult\nstanza w—hichI had regardedashopelessly obscure. See Vedische Studien\nI. pp. 87 50.\nWil4 soW ni .th Ah sit ’a tn wed rehr aid hl ae tc: hy ea tmas Ad gnn id ,d ast nf d;‘ nc oh ta hm ip sin tg onf go ud ed ,er iw sit lh ikh ei ns em dou tt oh.’\nthe\nhatchet.\n5 Ofiron:ormetal, theexactmeaningofdyasbeinguncertain.\n6 Inbeamsofmorn the lightofe\"-V *l':^es onthefire andthe\nsinger—alike and simultaneously. :> ' “./ . : fdiffusing friendly\nlight.’ Wilson.. The men’s possession X take nrtn asashortened formof\nnrin&m;butitisdifficultto makesenseof thehalf-stanza. ProfessorWilson,\nfollowing S&yana, translates: ‘(lieitis) whois luminous by night, andwho\nl mi eg nhts byme dan y’( .tot Th hei er vw eo rr bk) isb sy upd pa ly ie; dw bh yo Si &s yi anm am .ortalandradiant ; wholights\n7 Like Heaven’s like the voice of Dyaus, the thumder. Well-wedded\nDames :havingexcellentLords, perhapsIndraandAgni,\n8 ThedeftMakerofthe handofMaruts Dyausisprobablyintended."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 553,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMN 4.] THE' MIGVEDA,. m3\nHYMN\n‘ 1Y. ’ Agtii,\nAs at man’s service of the Gods, Invoker, tlioil, Son of\nStrength, dost sacrifice and worship,\nSo bring for ns to-day all Gods together, Bring willingly the\nwilling Gods, O Agni.\n2 May Agni, radiant Herald of the morning, meet to be known,\naccept our praise with favour.\nDear to all life, mid mortal men Immortal,, our guest, awake\nat dawn, is Jatavedas,\n3 Whose might the very heavens regard with wonder bright\nr\nas the Sun he clothes himself with lustre.\nHe who sends forth, Eternal Purifier, hath shattered e’en the\nancient works of Asna.\n4 Thou art a Singer, Son t our feast-companion : Agni at birth\nprepared his food and pathway.\nTherefore vouchsafe us strength, 0 Strength-bestower. Win\nlike a King foes trouble not thy dwelling.\n:\n5 Even he who eats his firm hard food with swiftness, and over-\ntakes the nights as V&yu kingdoms.\nMay we o’ercome those who resist thine orders, like a steed\neasting down the flying foemen.\n6 Like Sfirya withhis fulgentrays, 0 Agni, thou overspreadest\nboth the worlds with splendour.\nDecked with bright colour he dispelsthe darkness, likeAusija,\nwith clear flame swiftly flying.\n7 We have elected thee as most delightful for thy beams7 glow ;\nhear our great laud, 0 Agni.\nThebest men praisethee as thepeerof Indra in strength, mid\nGods, like Vayu in thy bounty.\n1 Invoker;Hotar\n,\nheraldorinviterofthe’Gods.\n8 Asna: apparently oneofthedemons of drought.\n4 Hisfoodand'pathway orhispathwaytohis food maybe intended.\n5 Hisfirm hardfood: v&rariam otnnam the food of elephants, i. e. trees,\naccordingtoProfessorLudwig. ProfessorWilson,followingS&yapa,translates\nthefirsthalf-line *. fHewhowhetshis(gloom)—dispersing(radiance),who eats\nthe(offered) oblation.’ 4s Vdyukingdoms : rttshtristanding, perhaps,forrdsh-\nLir uy dd w( ir gfls s/ ud gr gy edn si t) s, ,b au st Vt &he yuexa oc rt tm he ean wi in ng dis bu ln oc we srta ui nn i. nteP re rr uh pa tp es d, tas hroP ur gof hes ts ho er .\nwhole land, so Agniiskindled at night-fall andagain at early dawn before\nthenighthasentirelypassed away.\n6 Like Ausija; perhaps some contemporary priest, who is regarded as\nbringing back the daylight by prayer and sacrifice. fLike the adored\n(sun)/—Wilson-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 554,
            "content": ": ; ;\n500 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI.\n& Now, Agni, on the tranquil paths of riches come to us for oui?\nw^l save us from sorrow.\n:\nGrant chiefs and bard thisboon. Maywe livehappy, withhero\nchildren, through a hundred winters,\nHYMN\nV. Agni,\nI invocate your Son of Strength, the Youthful, with hymns,\nthe Youngest God, whose speech is guileless\nSage who sends wealth comprising every treasure, bringer of\nmany boons, devoid of malice.\n2 At eve and morn thy pious servants bring thee their precious\ngifts, 0 Priest ofmany aspects,\nOn whom, the Purifier, all things living, as on firm ground\ntheir happiness have stablished.\n% Thou from of old hast dwelt among these people, by mental\npower the charioteer of blessings.\nHence sendest thou, 0 sapient Jatavedas, tohim who serves\nthee treasures in succession,\n4 Agni, whoever secretly attacks us, the neighbour, tbou with\nMitra’s might who harms us.\n!\nBurn him with thine own Steers for ever youthful, burning\nwith burning heat, thou fiercest burner.\nI) He who servesthee with sacrifice and fuel,with hymn, 0 Son\nof Strength, and chanted praises,\nShines out, Immortal ! in the midst of mortals, a sage, with\nwealth, with splendourand with glory.\n6 Do this, 0 Agni, when we urge thee, quickly, triumphant in\nthymight subdue ourfoemen.\nWhen thou art praised with words anddeckedwithbrightness,\naccept this chanted hymn, the singer's worship.\n7 Help us, that we may gain this wish, 0 Agni, gain riches,\nWealthy One with storeofheroes.\n!\nDesiring strength from thee maywe be strengthened, and win.\nEternal thine eternal glory.\n!\n8 Tranquil:avrihibhih;literallyuntroubledbywolves,orenemies. Grant\nchiefs andbard tbewealthy menwho institutethe sacrifice andthe priest\nWhosings. Oritmayberendered, ‘Grantthechiefs'bard/ thatis, thepriest\nwhosingsforhiswealthypatrons. Ahundredwinters: seeV. 54. 15, note.\n2 Priest ofmanyaspects: purvantha, havingmanyfaces, aspects, ormani-\nfestations. Accordingto S&yana, havingmany flames insteadoffaces.\nta,p4 asT vh di nn .eownStem thystrongflames. BumMm ,etc.: tdpdtapishiha tdpasd"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 555,
            "content": "—\n: :: :\nBYMN 7.] THE RIGVEDA. 561\nHYMN\nVI. Agni.\nHe who seeks furtherance and grace to help him gaps to the\nSon of Strength with newest worship,\nCalling the heavenly Priest to share the banquet, who rends\nthe wood, bright, with his blackened pathway.\n2 Y[hite-hue& and thundering he dwells in splendour, Most\nYouthful, with the loud-voiced and eternal\nAgni, most variform, the Purifier, who follows crunching many\nample forests.\n3 Incited by the wind thy flames, 0 Agni, move onward, Pure\nOne J pure, in all directions.\nThy most destructive heavenly Navagvas break the woods\ndown and devastate them boldly.\n4 Thy pme white horses from their bonds are loosened O\n:\nKadiant One, they shear the ground beneath them,\nAnd far and wide shines out thy flame, and flickers rapidly\nmoving over earth’s high ridges.\n5 Forth darts the Bull’s tongue like the sharp stone weapon dis-\ncharged by him who fights to win the cattle.\nAgni’s fierce flame is like a hero’s onset : dread and resistless\nhe destroys the forests.\n6 Thou with the sunlight of the great Impellerhast boldlyover-\nspread the earth’s expanses.\nSo drive away with conquering might all perils: fighting our\nfoemenburn up those who harm us.\n7 Wondrous of wondrous power give to the singer wealth\n! I\nwondrous, marked, most wonderful, life-giving.\nWealth bright, O Bright One, vast, with many heroes, give\nwith thy bright flames to the man wholauds thee.\nHYMN\nVII. Agni.\nHim, messenger of earth and head of heaven, AgniVaisvanara,\nborn in holy Order,\nThe Sage, the King, the guest of men, a vessel fit for their\nmouths, the Gods have generated,\n2 Theloud-voicedandeternal theMaruts.\n3 Navagvas theflames offirebeingregardedastheministersofAgni,who\nisthebestoroldestoftheAngirases ofwhomtheNavagvasarea class.\n4 Earth'shighridges:adhisttauprisneh;Prisniherebeingthemultiformearth.\n5 Whofightstowinthecattle Indra whowarswith demonsofdroughtand\ndarkness.\n6 Thegreat Impeller: SClrya, the™vivifying Sun.\nCh7 anjiS dd rach mit rr aa yc ih mit ±:vf-r - \\? '- '*-*• :< nT .-* \\*: %4•»- •: 7\n.\n' cc hh dit nr da rl acsh ca ht ar na dc rh fli bt hr id rta gm ra im nv aa Uso yd uh vt af sm vaj,\n1 A vessel fitfor theirmonths through whose meansthey receivemen’s\nofferings.\n36"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 556,
            "content": ": :\nm\nTEE EYMNS OF [BOOK VI,\n2 Him have they praised, mid-point of sacrifices, great cistern of\n0\nlibations, seat of riches.\nVaisv&nara, conveyer of oblations, ensign ofworship, have the\nGods engendered.\n;\n3 From thee, 0 Agni, springs the mighty singer, fromthee come\nheroes who subdue the foeman.\nKing, Vaisv&nara, bestow thou on us excellent treasures\nworthy to be longed for.\n4 To thee, Immortal ! when to life thou springest, all the Gods\nsing forjoy as to their infant.\nThey by thy mental powers were made immortal, Vaisvanara,\n' when thou shonestfrom thy Parents.\n5 Agni Vaisvanara, no one hath ever resisted thaseJdiy mighty\nordinances,\nWhen thou, arising from thy Parents5 bosom, foundest the\nlight for days5 appointed courses.\n6 The summits of the heaven are traversedthrough andthrough\nby the Immortal'slight, Vaisvanara's brilliancy.\nAll creatures in existence rest upon his head. The Seven\nswift-flowing Streams have grown like branches forth.\n1 Vaisvanara, who measured out the realms of air, Sage very\nwise who made the lucid spheres ofheaven,\nThe Undeceivable who spread out all the worlds, keeper is he\nand guard ofimmortality.\nHYMN\nVIII. Agni.\nAt Jatavedas5 holygathering I will tellaloud the conquering\nmight of the swift red-huedSteer.\nA pure and fresher hymn flows to Vaisvanara, even asforAgni\nlovely Soma is made pure.\n2 That Agni, when in loftiest heavenhe sprang to life, Guardian\nof Holy Laws, kept and observed them well.\nExceeding wise, he measured out the firmament. Vaisvanara\nattained toheaven by mightiness.\n3 Wonderful Mitra propped the heaven and earth apart, and\ncovered and concealed the darkness with his light.\n—\n2 Mid-pointof sacrifices: {thebondofsacrifices.’ Wilson. Agniorfireis1\nessentialinallsacrifices.\n6 TheSevenswiftfiowingStreams thefiveriversofthePanj&b, the Indus\nand theSa'rasvati ortheKubha. Havegrown: fromVaisvanaraAgni.\n7 Of immortality according to —Sftyana, of water which is the cause of\nimmortality. ‘Ofambrosial(rain).5 Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 557,
            "content": "\\\n: : :\nEtMN 9,] tub jriqveda*\nHe made thetwobowlspart asunder liketwoskins. Vaisvanara\nput forth all his creative power. *\n4 ’The Mighty seized him in the bosomof the floods tj hj e people\n:\nwaited on the King who should be praised.\nAs envoy of Vivasv&n Matarisvan brought Agni Vaisv&nara\nhither from far away*\n5 In every agebestow upon the singers wealth, worthy of holy\nsynods, glorious, ever new.\nKing, undecaying, as it were with sharpened bolt, smite\ndown the sinner like a tree with lightning-flash.\n> Ho thou bestow, 0 Agni, on our wealthy chiefs, rule, with\ngood heroes, undecaying, bending not.\nSo may we win for us strength, 0 Yaisvanara, hundredfold,\nthousandfold, 0 Agni, by thy help.\n0 thouwho dwellestinthreeplaces, Helper,keepwitheffective\nguards our princely patrons.\nKeep our band, Agni, who have brought thee presents. Leng-\nthen their lives, Yaisvanara, when lauded.\nHYMN\nIX. Agni.\nOne half of day is dark, and bright the other both atmos-\npheres move on by sage devices. ;\nAgni Yaisvanara, when born as Sovran, hath with his lustre\novercome the darkness.\n2 I know not either warp or woof, I know not the web they\nweave when moving to the contest.\n3 Thetivohotels: theheavenand earth, calleddhishdne or bowlsfromtheir\nhemisphericalappearance.\n4 TheMighty : the Gods who followed and foundthe fugitiveAgni. The\np Ae do ip tle yaoo rr tht ehe Sus nu .bjects, viacih. O \"f Vivasvda ; according to S&yan 'a, from\n7 Who dwellest inthreeplaces in heaven as.theSun, in the firmament as\nlightning,and onearthasfire.\n• The hymn is somewhat obscure but the general purport appears tobe\nAgni isthe priests’ guide and teach; er. As sunlight dispels the darkness so;\nhe enlightens our understandings. I know nothing of the mysteries of\ns ma icr ni dfi tc oe r; eb ceu it veX kl noo ok wlt eo dgA egn ai ndfo ir nspli ig rh at t, ioa nn fd ropr me hp ia mr .e theear andeye of my\n1 Both atmospheres:therajas oratmosphereis dividedintotwo parts, one\nhalf belongingto the sky and the other to the earth. See Wallis, The\nCosmology ofthe Rigveda pp. 115, 116.\n2 /knmo not eitherwar,p orwoof fThefirsthalf of the stanza...implies,\naccording to those who know tradition, says Sdyana a\naf ri egu tr ha etiv me ea tl rl eu ssi oo fn t to heth Ve edm ay ss ,te tr hi oe ss eof ofsa tcr hif ei- w. o< o: f,otu: ,.:> thelit: urt gh ie cw pa rr ap y, ert san at n} u d>\nc d te htr eme am tvo hin ri d ea a al h d, s, ot r o,h fe V te hdc edo n wm t ab i ri sn p,a ut bni edo ien nr gso t tf a hn ew dh ii 4-c rh . ,« !.^ „t *Yw .l ,o —>i !ri .s rt th ~e the tcl hmo ot y sh s e, te oo frr ie ts s ha ec or f wif oci r oc e fe at: i tt o hh n ee ,\ngross, and their combination the universe,’ Wilson. Professor Grassmann"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 558,
            "content": ": :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI\nWhose son shall here speak wordsthatmustbespokenwithout\n* Assistance from the Father near him ?\n3 For both the warp and woof he understandeth, and in due\ntime shall speak what should be spoken,\nWho knoweth as the immortal world’s Protector, descending,\nseeing with no aidfrom other.\n4 He is the Priest, the first of all : behold him. Mid mortal men\nhe is the light immortal.\nHere was he born, firm-seated in his station, Immortal, ever\nwaxing in his body.\n5 A firm light hath been set for men to look on : among all\nthings thatfly the mind is swiftest.\nAll Gods of one accord, with one intention, move unobstructed\nto a single purpose.\n6 Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to seehim the light that\nharbours in my spiritbroadens. j\nFarroams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What\nshall I speak, what shall I now imagine?\n7 AH the Godsbowed them down in fear beforethee,Agni, when\nthou wast dwelling in the darkness.\nVaisvanara*be gracious to assist us, may the Immortal favour\nus and help us.\nHYMN\nX. Agni,\nInstall at sacrifice, while the rite advances, your pleasant,\nheavenly A —gni, meet forpraises—.\nWithhymns forheilluminesus installhim. He, Jatavedas,\nmakes our rites successful.\nandthe translatorsofthe SiebenzigLiedevthink thatayoungsingerispre*\nparing himselfforacontest with older bards, and,beingdistrustful of his\nownunaided powersto findmaterialforhissong, expresseshisrelianceupon\nAgni,andseeksinspirationfrom him. Tothe contest.* the sacrifi—ce ishere\nint We hn od se ed: soa nmee At gi nn ig if sor tr he elig Fi ao tu hs ew ro wrs hh oi sp\ne;\nam idng ea vm ea ryne ond eeva rey qa uj iu rn ee s,\n,\nhS o& wy ea vn ea,\nr\nexcellenthis ownhumanfathermaybe,\n6 AfirmUght Agniremainsinhis place, and theeffectual performanceof\nthesacrificedependsupontheactivity ofhis mind.\nspo* nA tc ac no er od ui sn lg yit no tt hh ee hV ee ad rd tn al si tv hi ee mw eo af nsth oe ft te rx ut e, kt nh oe wll ei dg ght e,is tB or waj hi im cc ht , as le la tt hed\ne\nsenses,togetherwiththemindandconsciousness,refer, asto theonecauseof\ncreation, or Paramdtmd, supremespirit.’—Wilson. Thestanzaistranslated\nby Prof. Wilson, after S&yana : ‘A steady light, swifter than thought,\nstationedamongmoving beingstoshew(the way)tohappinesst all thegods\nbeingofone mindandof likewisdom,proceedrespectfullytothepresenceof\ntheone (chief)agent, (Vaisvdnara)\\\n1 Install:establish himas yourParohita orChief Priest or setfiim in\nfrontastheAhavaniyafire, ;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 559,
            "content": "=\n: ; : :\nii,] - the rigveda. ses\n2 Hear this laud, Kadiant Priest of many aspects, 0 Agni with\nthe fires of man enkindled,\nLaud which bards send forth pure as sacred butter/ strength\nto this marl) asJtwere for self-advantage.\nB Mid mortal men that singer thrives in glory who offers gifts\nwith hymns of praise to Agni,\nAnd the God, wondrous bright, with wondrous succours helps\nhim to win a stable filled with cattle.\n4 He, at his birth, whose path isblack behind him, filledheavCn\nand earth with far-apparent splendour\n:\nAnd he himself hath been, through night’s thick darkness,\nmade manifest by light, the Purifier.\ni> With thy most mighty aid, confer, 0 Agni, wonderful wealth\non us and on our princes,\nWho stand preeminent, surpassing others in liberal gifts, in\nfame, and hero virtues.\n6 Agni, accept this sacrifice with gladness, which, seated here,\nthe worshipper presenteth.\nFair hymns hadst thou among the Bharadvajas, and holpest\nthem to gain abundant vigour.\n7 Scatter our foes, increase our store. May we be glad a hund-\nred winters with brave sons.\nHYMN XL\nAgni.\nEagerly sacrifice thou, most skilful, Agni Priest, pressing\nI\non as if the Maruts sent thee.\n‘To our oblation bring the two Nasatyas, Mitra and Yaruna\nand Earth and Heaven.\n2 Thou art ourguileless, mostdelightful Herald, the God, among\nmankind, of holy synods.\nA Priest with purifying tongue, 0 Agni, sacrifice with thy\nmouth to thine own body.\n2 Strengthtothis yuan the hymn is to give strength to the worshipper,\nandthepriests areto siugwith vigouras though their own interests were\nimmediatelyconcerned. S&yanatakes mamat —d(outof self-interest) asa pro-\npername, 4As Mamat&(formerly offeredit).’ Wilson.\n3 A stablefilledwithcattle the expression includesthewatersof heaven,\nthelightofday, andbootyin cattle-liftingexpeditions.\n6 Bharadvdjas:thefamilyofthegreatRishitowhomthehymnwasrevealed,\n7 A hundredwinters; seenoteonVI. 4. 8.\n2 Ofholy synods I followProfessor Ludwigin takingridatkd as an old\ngenitive plural, and not vidatke, as S&yana does. Sacrifice to thine own\nbody or, sacrifice..,,,,thyproperbody ; or, 4keep thineown bodynearusto\nbe worshipped,’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 560,
            "content": ": : !\nMb TEE EYMMS OP [BOOK VI\n3 For even the blessed longing that is in thee would bring the\nGods downto the singer’s worship,\nWhen*the Angirasea’ sagest Sage, the Poet, sings the sweet\nmeasure at the solemn service.\n4 Bright hath he beamed, the wise, the far-refulgent. Worship\nthe two wide-spreading Worlds, 0 Agni,\nWhom as the Living Ohe rich in oblations the Five Tribes,\nbringing gifts, adox'n with homage.\n5 When I with reverence clip the grass for Agni, when thetrim-\nmed ladle, full of oil, is lifted,\nFirm on the seat of earth is based the altar : eye-like, the\nsacrifice is directed Sun-ward.\n•6 Enrich us, 0 thouPriestofmanyaspects, withthe Gods,Agni,\nwith thy fires, enkindled.\n0 Son of Strength, clad in the robe of riches, may we escape\nfrom woe as from a prison.\nHYMN\nXII. Agni.\nKim of trimmed grass, Herald within the dwelling, may\nAgni worship the Impeller’s World-halves.\nHe, Sonof Strength, the Holy, from a distance hath spread\nhimself abroad with light like Surya.\n2 In thee, most wise, shall Dyaus, for full perfection, King\nHoly One pronounce the call to worship.\nFound in th! ree places, like the Speeder's footstep, come to\npresent men’s riches as oblations\n!\n3 Whose blaze most splendid, sovran in the forest, shineswaxing\non his way like the Impeller.\nHe knows himself, like as a guileless smelter, not to be stayed\namong the plants, Immortal.\n4 Ourfriends extol him like a steed for vigour, evenAgni in the\ndwelling, J&tavedas.\n1 TheImpeller's World-halves:theheaven andearth,illumined by,andso\nbelongingto, theall-vivifyingSun.\n2 In thee: orby thee, in thy lightning form, Dyaus or Heaven shall\np thr eon Go ou dn sce tt oh be eyd pj ri ej sd e, ntt .he Fco on us ne dcra it ni tn hg ret ee px lt au ces sed ia nts ha ec ari vf ei nc ,es, ata mn od spt hh eu rs ei ,nv ai nt de\nearth, and in the corresponding fire-receptacles atsacrifice. The Speeder's\nfootstep: thethreefoldstepofVishnuastheSun, traversingthethreeworlds\nofearth, air, andsky.\n3 A guilelesssmelter heknows his powerto consume what heattacks,\nlikeamelterofmetalwhoknows whathecandoand doesnotdeceivehimself.\nAccordingtoS&yana,dmvittfhere,meansrunner, ‘rushing like the innoxious\n(wind).’—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 561,
            "content": "—\n:\nm\nBYMN 130 THE RIGVEDA.\nTree-fed, he fights with powerasdothachampion, like Dawn’s\nSire to be praised with sacrifices.\n5 Men wonder at his shining glows when, paring the Woods with\nease, o’er the broad earth he goeth,\nAnd, like a rushing flood, loosed quickly, burneth, swift as'a\n.\nguilty thief, o’er desert places.\n6 So mighty thou protectest us from slander, 0Champion,Agm\nI\nwith all fires enkindled.\nBring opulence and drive away afflicton. May brave sons glad-\ndenus through a hundred winters.\nHYMN\nXIII. Agni.\nFromthee, asbranchesfromatree, 0 —Agni, fromthee, Auspici-\nous God 1 spring all our blessings 9\nWealth swiftly, strength in battle with our foemen, the rain\nbesought of heaven, the flow of waters.\n2 Thou art our Bhaga to send wealth : thou dwellest, like.\ncircumambient air, with wondrous splendour.\nFriend artthou of the lofty Law, like Mitra, Controller, Agni\nGod of many a blessing. !\n!\n3 Agni the hero slays with might his foenmn the singer bears\nI ;\naway the Pani’sbooty\nEven he whom thou, Sage, born in Law, incitest by wealth,\naccordant with the Child of Waters,\n4 The man who, Son of Strength ! with sacrifices, hymns, lauds,\nattracts thy fervour to the altar,\nEnjoys each precious thing, 0 God, 0 Agni, gains wealth of\ncorn and is the lord of treasures.\n5 Grant, Son of Strength, to men for their subsistence such\nthings as bring high fame and hero children.\nFor thou with might givest much food in cattle even to the\nwicked wolf whenhe is hungry.\n6 Eloquent, Son of Strength, Most Mighty, Agni, vouchsafe us\nseed and offspring, full of vigour.\nMay I by all my songs obtain abundance. May brave sons\ngladden us through a hundred winters.\n4 Dawn'sSire; Dyaus or Heaven, theFatherofUshas orDawn,\n—\n3 Bisfoeman: vritramsignifyinganyenemy ; dvarakam satrum Sftyana.\nThe ChildofWaters here said to mean the lightning, bornof the watery\ncloud.\n5 To thewickedwolf: or, perhaps, evento thefoeVrika, Cf.VII, 68, 8»"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 562,
            "content": ";: : ; :\n568 THE HYMN'S OF lBOOK r/.\nHYMN XIV. AgnL\nWhoso to Agni hath endeared his thought and service by his\nhyihns,\n^Thatmortal eats before the rest, and finds sufficiency of food*\n2 Agni, in truth, is passing wise, most skilledinordering, a Seer.\nAt sacrifices Manus’ sons glorify Agni as their Priest.\n3 The foeman’s wealth in many a place, Agni,isemulous to help.\nMenfightthefiend,andseekbyritesto overcometheritelessfoe*\n4 Agni bestows the hero chief, winner of waters, firm in fray.\nSoonastheylookuponhismighthisenemiestrembleinalarm.\n5 For with his wisdom Agni, God, protects the mortal from\nreproach,\nWhose conquering wealth is never checked, is never checked\nin deeds of might.\n6 0 Agni, God with Mitra's might call hither the favour of the\nGods from earth and heaven.\nBringweal from heaven that men may dwell securely. May we\no’ercome the foe's malign oppressions, may we o’ercome\nthem, through thy help o’ercome them.\nHYMN XV. Agni.\nWith this my song I strive to reach this guest of yours, who\nwakes at early morn, the Lord of all the tribes.\nEach time he comes from heaven, the Pure One from of old\nfrom ancient days the Child eats everlasting food.\n2 Whom, well-disposed, the Bhrigus stablished as a Friend,\nwhom men must glorify, high-flaming in the wood.\nAs such, most friendly, thou art every day extolled in lauds\nby Vitahavya, 0 thou wondrous God.\n3 Be thou the foeless helper of the skilful man, subduer of the\nenemy near or far away.\nBestow a wealthy home on men, 0 Son of Strength. Give\nVitahavya riches spreading far and wide, give Bharadv&ja\nwide-spread wealth.\n4 Him, your refulgent guest, Agni who comes from heaven, the\nHerald ofmankind, well-skilled in sacred rites,\n1 That mortaleats before therest—‘Maythe mortal quickly become\ndistinguishedas first(amongstmen).’ Wilson. >\n2 Mostshilled inordering:thechiefregulatorofreligiousrites.\n3Emuloustohelp waitingforustoseizeand use.\n1 The Child bornof the fire-sticks, orofHeavenandEarth. Everlasting\nfood: theAmritacontainedinthesacrificialofferings.\n2 Vitahavya either the nameof the Rishi, as S&yana takes it, or an\nepithet *whoseoblations areenjoyed/ qualifyingBharadvdjaunderstood, -"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 563,
            "content": ":\n&YMWI&.}. fllE RIOVEDA.\nWho, like a holysinger, uttersheavenlywords, oblation-beareV*\nenvoy, God, I seek with hymns*\n5 Who with his purifying, eye-attracting form hath sh^ one'upon\nthe earth as with the light of Dawn\nWho speeding on, as in the fight of Etaj sa, cometh, untouched\nby age, as one athirst in heat.\n6 Worship ye Agni, Agni, with your log of wood praise you?\nbelovM, your beloved guest with songs. ;\nInvite ye the Immortalhitherwithyourhymns. A God among\nthe Gods, he loveth what is choice, loveth our service, God\nmid Gods.\n7 Agni inflamed with fuel in my song I sing, pure, Cleanse^\nstedfast, set in front at sacrifice.\nWise Jfttavedaswe implore with prayers for bliss, the Priest,\nthe holy Singer, bounteous, void of guile.\n8 Men, Agni, in each age have made thee, Deathless One, their\nenvoy, offering-bearer, guard adorable.\nWith reverence Gods and mortals have established thee, the\never-watehful, omnipresent Household Lord.\n9 Thou, Agni, ordering the works and ways of both, as envoy of\nthe Gods traversest both the worlds.\nWhen we lay claim to thy regard and gracious care, be thou\nto us a thrice-protecting friendlyguard.\n10 Him fair of face, rapid, and fair to look on, him very wisemay\nwe who knownotfollow.\nLet him who knows all rules invite forworship, Agniannounce\nour offering to the Immortals.\n11 Him, Agni, thou deliverest and savest who brings his prayer\nto thee the Wise, 0 Piero,\nThe end of sacrifice or its inception yea, thou endowest him\n;\nwith power and riches.\n12 Guard us from him who would assail us, Agni pi'eserve us,\nO thou Victor, from dishonour. ;\nHere let the place of darkening come upon thee : may wealth\nbe ours, desirable in thousands.\n5 In thefightof Etasa when he contended with Sffrya, See II, 19. 5,\nwhere Indraissaidtohave assisted Etasa.\n9 Ofloth; of Godsand men.\n11 Thesecondhalf of thestanzaisnotclear. Professor Wilson paraphra-\nsesit after S&yana : *thou rewardest with strength and with riches him\n(who undertakes) the institution, (who effects) the accomplishment, ofthe\n^sacrifice.\n12 Theplaceofdarkening : thispassageisvery obscure. ProfessorLudwig\nthinks thatthetime ofbattle is meant. May thefoeswho attack usfind"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 564,
            "content": "—\n—\n: : : ;\n570 THEHYMNS OF [BOOK VI\n13 Agni,thePriest,isKing, Lordofthe homestead, he, Jatayedas,\nknows all generations.\nMost'skilful worshipper midGods and mortals, may he begin\nthe sacrifice, the Holy.\n14 Whate’er to-—day thou, bright-flamed Priest, enjoyest from the\nman’s rite for thou art Sacrificer\nWorship, fordulydostthouspreadin greatness: bearoff thine\nofferings ofto-day, Most Youthful.\n15 Look thou upon the viands duly laid for thee. Fain would he\nset thee here to worship Heaven and Earth.\nHelp us, 0 liberal Agni, in the strife for spoil, so that we\nmay o’ercome allthings that trouble us, o’ercome, o’ereome\nthem with thy help.\n16 Together with all Gods, 0 fair-faced Agni, be seated first\nuponthe wool-lined altar,\nNest-like, bedewed with oil. Bear this our worship to Savitar\nwho sacrifices rightly.\n17 Here the arranging priests, as did Atharvan, rub this Agni\nforth,\nWhom, not bewildered, as he moved in winding ways, they\nbrought from gloom.\n18 For the Gods’ banquet be thou born, for full perfection and\nfor weal.\nBring the Immortal Godswho strengthen holyLaw: so letour\nsacrifice reach the Gods.\nthatthey havetodealwith theeasourally. S&yanaexplainsp$thahasfood\no ‘f Mf aer yed ti fin esa fc or oif dice r, eaa cn hd td hk ev easm fa rn ev ef fi rt oa ms imd ph ev rfa es ct ta id oo n& .h 'am, Prf or fe ee sd sof rro Gm rad sef se mc at ns n;\ntranslates: ‘ISedringmit dirdein rauchumhiillter Gangvorf ‘Thysmoke-\nenvelopedcoursepressforwardwiththee/\n13 Knows allgenerations: vfavdvedajdnimd; etymology ofJatavedas.\nLudwig.\n14 Theman's;whoinstitutesthesacrifice.\n15 Fain wouldhe thepatronofthesacrifice.\nThe original hymn seems to end with this stanza, as the repetition,\no’ercome o’ercome, o’ercome, tavema...tarema.,,.,,...taremaalso indicates.\n36 WooUlined altar built uplikethe nestofabird withlayersofwool,\ninwhich wool and resinsfor incenseareplaced. SeeAitareya-Br&hmana,\n1.5. 28 (Haug’s translationp.62), ToSavitar; accordingtoS&yana,Savitar\nmeans the originator, the institutorof thesacrifice, and the dative caseis\nusedinthe senseof thegenitive, ‘thesacrifice oftheinstitutoroftherite/\nInanother place he explains savitri ydjamdndya by (for the sake of the\nbenefitofthesacrificinginstitutoroftheceremony.’\n17 Atharvan thepriestwhofirstobtained fireandofferedSomaandpray-\nerstothe Gods. As hemoved in winding \\oays when hefied andtried to\nhidehimselffromtheGods,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 565,
            "content": ": :; ;\nHYMN 16.] THE RIQVEDA. -571\n19 0 Agni, Lord and Master of men's homesteads, with kindled\nfuel we have made thee mighty.\nLet not our household gear he found defective. Sharpen us\nwith thy penetrating splendour.\nHYMN\nXVT. Agni.\nPriest of all sacrifices hast thou been appointed by the Gods,\nAgni, amid the race of man.\n2 So with thy joyous tongues for us sacrifice nobly in this rite.\nBring thou the Gods and worship them.\n3 For well, 0 God, Disposer, thouknowest, straighton, thepaths\nand ways,\nAgni, most wise in sacrifice.\n4 Thee, too, hath Bharata of old, with mighty men, implored\nfor bliss, '\nAnd worshipped thee the worshipful. :\n5 Thou givest these abundant boons to Divodasa pouring forth,\nTo Bharadvaja offering gifts.\n6 Do thou, Immortal Messenger, bring hitherthe Celestial Folk,\nHearing the singer’s eulogy.\n7 Mortalswithpiousthoughtimplorethee,Agni,God, atholyrites.\nTo come unto the feast of Gods.\n8 I glorify thine aspect and the might of thee the Bountiful.\nAll those who love shall joy in thee,\n9 Invoker placed by Manus, thou, Agni, art near, the wisest\nPriest\nPay worship to the Tribes of Heaven.\n10 Come, Agni, lauded, to the feast; come to the offering of the\ngifts\nAs Priest be seated on the grass.\n11 So, Angiras, we make thee strong with fuel and with holy oil.\nBlaze high, thou youngest of the Gods.\n12 Forusthouwinnest, Agni,God,heroicstrength exceedinggreat,\nFar-spreading and.of high renown. *\n13 Agni, Atharvan broughttheeforth, byrubbing, fromthe lotus-\nflower,\nThe head of Visva, of the Priest.\n14 Thee, Vritra’s siayer, breaker downof castles, hathAtharvan’s\nson,\nDadhyach the Hishi, lighted up.\n4 Bharata accordingto S&yanatheKingofthatname, son of Dushyantk\nand Sakuntalft,\n13 ThelotU8xfiawer: apparentlyafigurative expressionforheaven. Visva\nHeayeu, personified.\n14 Dadhyach see I. 84. 13,note,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 566,
            "content": ": : ::\nHYMNS OF [BOOK FA\n6^2 ir/TT?\n15 The hero P&thya kindled thee the Dasyus’ moat destructive\nfoe,\nWinW\nofspoil iii every fight.\n16 Come, here, 0 Agni, will I sing verily other songs to thee.\nAnd with these drops shalt thou grow strong.\n17 Where’er thy mind applies itself, vigour preeminent hast\nthou\nThere wiltthou gain a dwelling-place.\n18 Not fora inomentonly lasts thy bounty, goodto many aone 1\nOur service thereforeshalt thou gain;\n19 Agni, theBh&rata, hath been sought, theYritra-slayer,marked\n23 of all,\nYea, Divod&sa’s Hero Lord.\n20 For he gaVe riches that surpass in greatness all the things of\nearth,\nlighting untroubled, unsubdued.\n21 Thou, Agni, asin days of old, with recent glory, gathered\nlight,\nHast overspread the lofty heaven.\nBring to your Agni, 0 my friends, boldly your laud and\nsacrificei\nGive the Disposer praise and song.\n23 For as sagacious Herald he hath sat through every age\nof man,\nOblation-bearing messenger.\n24 Bring those Two Kings whose ways are pure, Adityas, and\nthe Marut host,\nExcellent God and Heaven and Earth.\n!\n25 For strong and active mortal man, excellent, Agni, is the look\nOf thee Immortal, Son of Strength !\n26 Rich through his wisdom, noblest be the giver serving thee\nto-day\nThe man hath brought his hymn of praise.\n15 Pdthya:probablysomecelebratedsacrifices Dr. G-arbe (Yait&na-Sfitra\nII. 14) translatespdthyd vrishdinthistextby {der Hengst auf der Strasse,\ntheStallionontheway.’\n18Not foramomentonlylaststhybounty: Sftyana unde —rstandsthis differ-\nently: ‘Letnotthyfull(blaze)bedistressing to theeye,’ Wilson,\n19 The Bhdrata the especial protector of the Bharatas. Accordingto\nS&yapa the word means either‘descendedfromthepriests called Bharatas,*\nor ‘the bearerofoblations.’\nThose TwoKings MitraandVaruna, if"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 567,
            "content": "! :\nHYMN THE 1UQYEDA,\n16.] 573.\n27 These, Agn i, these arehelped by thee, who, strongand active\nall their lives, *\nO’ercome the malice of the foe, fight down the malice of\nthe foe.\n28 May A<?ni with his pointedblaze oastdown each fierce devour-\ningfiend\nMay Agni win ns wealth by war.\n29 0 active Jatavedas, bring riches with store of hero sons;\nSlay thou the demons, O Most Wise.\n30 Keep us, 0 J4tavedas, from the troubling of theman ofsin :\nGuard us thou Sage who knowest prayer,\n31 Whateversinner, Agni, bringsoblationstoprocureourdeath.\nSave us from woe that he would work.\n32 Drive from us with thy tongue, 0 God, the rnan who doetb\nevil deeds,\nThe mortal who would strike us dead.\n33 Give shelter reaching far and wide to Bharadv&ja, conquering\nLord\nAgni, send wealth most excellent.\n—\n34 May Agni slay the Yritras, fain for riches, throughthe lord\nof song,\nServed with oblation, kindled, bright.\n35 His Father’s Father, shining in his Mother’s everlasting side,\nSet on the seat of holy Law.\n36 0 active Jatavedas, bringdevotion that wins progeny, Agni,\nthat it may shine to heaven,\n37 0 Child of Strength, to thee whose look is lovely we with\ndainty food,*\n0 Agni, have poured forth our songs.\n38 To theefor shelter are we come, as to the shade frorn fervent\nheat,\nAgni, whoglitterest like gold.\n39 Mighty as one who slays with shafts, orlikea bullwithsharp*\nened horn,\nAgni, thou brakest down the forts.\nht ehe\na3 v5\nef\nnaB ti hs\nber\nyFa it\ns\nth re\nh\nar\ne\nn’ as\nsv me\niF\nn\nta tt\n:\nih ne\nA\ngr gn:\nti\no1h\ni\nie\ns\ntr se\na\nt,\ni\nhda es tb foe lf abo mer ee t,\nh\nat\ne\nnh de fam sto\nh\nmt\ne\norh ke\no\ner\nr\noo\nf\nfof JAgniisthe\nWilson.\n37 ChildofStrength : sahashrita; literally, madeor\ni, e, theviolent agitationofthefire-stick,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 568,
            "content": ": :\ntu ttSM HYMNS OP [BOOR tf.\n40 Whom, like an infant newly born, devourer, in their arms\nthey bear,\nMen5s Agni, skilled in holy rites.\n41 Bear to the banquet of the Gods the God best finder-out of\nWealth.\nLet him be seated in his place*\n42 In JAtavedas kindle ye the dear gitestwhohathnowappeared\nIn a soft place, the homestead’s Lord.\n43 Harness, 0 Agni, 0 thou God, thy steeds which are most\nexcellent\n:\nThey bear thee as thy spirit wills. •\n44 Come hither, bring the Gods to us to tastethesacrificial feast,\nTo drink the draught of Somajuice.\n45 0 Agni of the Bharatas, blaze high with everlasting might,\nShine forth and gleam, Eternal One.\n46 The mortal man who serves the God withbanquet, and, bring-\ning gifts at sacrifice, lauds Agni,\nMay well attract, with prayer and hands uplifted, the Priest\nof Heaven and Earth, true Saerificer.\n47 Agni, we bring thee, with our hymn, oblation fashioned in\nthe heart.\nLet these be oxen unto thee, let these be bulls and kine to\nthee.\n48 The Gods enkindle Agni, best slayer of Vritra, first in rank,\nThe Mighty One who brings us wealth and crushes down the\nB&kshasas.\nHYMN\nXVII. Indra.\nDrink Soma-, Mighty One, for which, when lauded, thou brak-\nest through the cattle-stall, 0 Indra »\nThou who, 0 Bold One, armed with th; under smotest Vritra\nwith might, and every hostile being.\n2 Drink it thou God who art impetuous victor, Lord of our\nhymns, with beauteous jaws, the Hero,\nBender of kine-stalls, car-borne, thunder-wielding, so pierce\nthy way to vvondrous strength, 0 Indra.\nxDrink as of old, and let the draught delight thee\n:\nhear thou\nour prayer and let our songs exalt thee.\nMake the Sun visible, make food abundant,slaughter the foes,\npierce through and free the cattle.\ndtawdaskindleye themeaningissaid tohe, thatthefireofburnt-\n^ki \"ndledbythefireproducedbyattrition.\nl\"; whosesacrificesarealwayseffectual.\nletouroblationsbeasacceptable tothee asherdB of"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 569,
            "content": ": : : ; :\nEYME 17.J TEE MOVED A, £75'\n4 These gladdening drops, 0 Indra, Self-sustaiuer, quaffed shall\naugment thee in thy mighty splendour.\nYea, let the cheering dropsdelight theegreatly, great,perfect,\nstrong, powerful, all-subduing.\n£ Gladdened whereby, burstingthe firmenclosures, thou gavest\nsplendour to the Sun and Morning.\nThe mighty rock that compassed in the cattle, ne’er moved,\nthou shookest from its seat, 0 Indra.\n6 Thou with thy wisdom, power, and works of wonder, hast-\nstored the ripe milk in the raw cows’ udders,\nUnbarred the firm doors for the kine of Morning, and, with\nthe Angirases, set free the cattle.\n7 Thou hast spread out wide earth, a*mighty marvel, and, high\nthyself, propped lofty heaven, 0 Indra.\nBoth worlds, whose Sons are Gods, thou hast supported,\nyoung, Mothers fromold time of holy Order.\n8 Yea, Indra, all the Deities installed thee their one strong\nChampion in the van forbattle.\nWhat time the godless ’was the Gods’ assailant, Indra they\nchose to win the light of heaven.\n9 Yea, e’en that heaven itself of old bent backward before thy\nbolt, in terror of its anger,\nWhen Indra, life of every living creature, smote down within\nhis lair the assailing Dragon.\n10 Yea, Strong One Tvashtar turned for thee, the Mighty, the\n!\nbolt with thousand spikes and hundred edges,\nEager and prompt at will, wherewiththoucrushedsttheboast-\ning Dragon, 0 impetuous Hero.\n11 He dressed a hundred buffaloes, 0 Indra, for thee whom all\naccordantMaruts strengthen.\nHe, Pdshan Vishnu, poured forth three great vessels to him,\nthe juice that cheers, that slaughters Vritra.\n6 The ripe milk the cows are called raw as contrasted withthewarm\nmi,lkmaturedin their udders. See1*62, 9, Thismiracle is ascribedtothe\nAsvinsalso. See 1. 180. 8.\n7 WhoseSonsareGods Heavenand Eartharefrequentlycalledtheparents\nof the Gods. So in Greek mythology the Godssprang from the union of\nUranusand Gaia. ‘Centmythologies/ M. Bevilleremarks, sont fondlesbut\nlemariagedu cieletdelaterre/ SeeMuir, 0. S . Texts , V. p. 24.\n•8 Thegodless: the demon Vritra,\n11 lie Agni. See V. 29. 7. Three great vessels literally, lakes. SeeY.\n29. 7. Thatdaughters Vritra inspirits Indra to sfayhim."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 570,
            "content": "; :\n576 THE HYMNS OH [BOOH VI.\n12 Thou settest free the rushing wave of waters, the floods' great\nswell encompassed and obstructed.\nAlong'steep slopes their course thou turnedst, Indra, directed\ndownward, speeding to the ocean.\nJ3 So may ournew prayer bring thee to protect us, thee well-\narmed Hero with thy bolt of thunder,\njlndra, who made these worlds, the Strong, the Mighty, who\nnevergroweth old, the victory-giver.\n14 So, Indra, form us brilliant holy singers for strength, for\nglory, and for foodand riches.\nGive Bharadvaja hero patrons, Indra Indra, be ours upon the\n!\nday of trial.\n15 With this may-weobtain, strength God-appointed, and brave\nsons gladden us through a hundred winters.\nHYMN\nXVIII. Indra,\nGlorify him whose might is all-surpassing, Indra the much-\ninvoked who flglits uninjured.\nMagnify with these songs the never-vanquished, the Strong,\nthe Bull of men, the Mighty Victor,\n2 He, Champion, Hero, Warrior, Lord of battles, impetuous,\nloudly roaring, great destroyer,\nWho whirls the dust on high, alone, o'erthrower, hath made\nall races of mankind his subjects,\n3 Thou, thou alone, hast tamed^the Dasyus; singly thou hast\nsubdued the people for the Arya.\nIs this, oris it not, thine hero exploit, Indra? Declare it at\nthe proper season.\n4 Fortrue, I deem, thy strength is, thine the Mighty, thine, O\nMost Potent, thine the Gonquering Victor/\nStrong, of the strong, Most Mighty, of the mighty, thine,\ndriver of the churl to acts of bounty,\n5 Be this our ancient bond of friendship with you and with\nx Angirases here who speak of Vala.\nf\nThou, Wondrous, Shaker ofthings Arm, didstsmite himinhis\n' fresh strength, and force his doors and castles.\n14 Thedayoftrial thedecisivedayof battle,\n15 Withthis; stutyd,praise,isunderstood,\n3 Attheproperseason; showthatthou hastthispowerby aidingusbefore\ntistoolateandwhenourenemieshaveconqueredus,\n5 Withyou withIndraandhisallies, theMaruts,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 571,
            "content": ": : ;\nHYMN 18.] THE Em VEDA. 577\n6 With holy thoughts must he be called, the Mighty, showing\nhis power in the great fight with Vritra.\nHe mustbecalled to give us seed and offspring, the Thunderer\nmust be moved and sped to battle.\n7 Hein his might, with name that lives for ever, hath far sur-\npassed all human generations.\nHe, most heroic, hath hishome with splendour, withgloryand\nwith riches and with valour.\n8 Stranger to guile, who ne’er was false or faithless, bearing a\nname that may be well remembered,\nIndra crushed Chumuri, Dhuni, Sambara, Pipru, and Sushna,\nthat their castles fell in ruin.\n9 With saving might that must be'praised and lauded, Indra,\nascend thy car to smite down Yritra.\nIn thy right hand hold fast thy bolt of thunder, and weaken,\nBounteous Lord, his art and magic.\n10 As Agni, as the dart burns the dry forest, like thedread shaft\nburn down the fiends, 0 Indra\nThou who with high deep-reaching spear hast broken, hast\ncovered over mischief and destroyed it.\n11 With wealth, by thousand pathscome hither, Agni, paths that\nbring ample strength, 0 thou Most Splendid.\nCome, Son of Strength, o’er whom, Invoked of many the\n!\ngodless hath no power to keep thee distant.\n12 From heaven, from earth is bruited forth the greatness of him\nthe firm, the fiery, the resplendent.\nST<o foe hath he, no counterpart, no refuge is there from him\nthe Conqueror full of wisdom\n13 This day the deed that thou hast done is famous, when thou,\nfor him, with many^thousand others\nLaidest low Kutsa, Ayu, Atithigva, and boldly didst deliver\nTurvayana.\n14 In thee, 0 God, the wisest of the Sages, all Gods were joyful\nwhen thou, slewest Ahi.\n8 Ohumuriy etc demons ofdrought. SeeIndex.\n10 Theexactmeaningof thesecondhalf-stanzaisuncertain,asgambhirayd\nandrishvayd deep and high, havenosubstantive.\n,\n13 For him forT&rvay&na, whoappearstohavebeen an especial favour-\noi fte Do if voI dn dd sr aa .. A Sc &c yo ar nd ai rn eg prto eseS nf tt sya tn ha, ert -u vrvaydna h, nv‘ -q .u ii rc ^k ely engo ai cn hg i, e’ veis da fon re Kp ui tt sh ae ,t\nAyu,andAtithigva,butthis isnot- ' words ofthetext. A\nnewhymn\n:\nofpraiseforsomenew favourshown to us.\n37"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 572,
            "content": "—\n; ;\n578 Tm HYMNS OF [BOOK VL\nWhen, lauded for thyself, thou gavest freedom*tosore-afflicted\nHeaven and to the people.\n15 This powerof thine both heaven and earthacknowledge, the\ndeathless Gods acknowledge it, 0 Indra.\n’ Howhat thou ne’erhast done, 0Mighty Worker : beget anew\nhymn at thy sacrifices.\nHYMN\nXIX. Indra.\nGreat, hero-like controlling men is Indra, unwasting in his\npowers, doubledin vastness.\nHe, turnedto us, hath grown to hero vigour: broad, wide, he\nhath been decked by thosewho serve him.\n2 The bowl made Indra $wift to gather booty, the High, the\nf Lofty, Youthful, Undecayiug,\nHim who hath waxed by strength which none may conquer,\n1 and even atonce grown to complete perfection.\n3 Stretch outthose hands of thine, extend to us-ward thy wide\ncapacious arms, andgrant us glory.\nLike as the household herdsman guards the cattle, so move\nthouround about us in the combat.\n4 Now, fain for strength, let us invite your Indra hither, who\nlieth hidden with his Heroes,\nFree from all blame, without reproach, uninjured, e’en as\nwere those who sang, of old, his praises.\n5 With stedfastlaws, wealth-giver, strong through Soma, he\nhath much fair and precious food tofeed us.\nIn him unite all paths that lead to riches, like rivers that\ncommingle with the ocean.\n6 Bring unto us the mightiest might, 0 Hero, strong and most\npotentforce, thou great Subduer 1\nAllsplendid vigorous powers of men vouchsafeus, LordofBay\nSteeds, that they may make us joyful.\n7 Bring us, grown mighty in its strength, 0 Indra, thy friendly .\nrapturousjoy thatwins the battle,\nWherewith by thee assisted and triumphant, we\"maylaudthee\nin gainingseed and offspring.\n—X Controllingmen or, satisfierof men. £Fulfiller(ofthedesires) ofmen/\nWilson.\n2 Thebowl that is, thelibationof Soma juice. But see Ludwig, Ueher\ndieneuestenArbeiten, &c,,p. 87.\n4 Who lieth hidden .* S&yani explai —ns chatinam as satrtindm chdtakam\nndsalcam; 1thedestroyer(ofenemies)5. Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 573,
            "content": "; !\nHYMN 20.] THE UIQYEEA, 579,\n8 Indra, bestow on us the power heroic, skilled and exceeding\nstrong, that wins the booty,\nWherewith, by thine assistance, we may conquer our foes in\nbattle, be they*kin or stranger.\n9 Letthine heroic strength come frombehindus,before us, froni\nabove us or below us.\nFrom everysidemay itapproach us, Indra. Give us the glory\nof the realm of splendour.\n10 With most heroic aid from thee, like heroes, Indra, may we\nwin wealth by deeds of glory.\nThou, King, artLord of earthly, heavenly treasure vouchsafe\n:\nus riches vast, sublime, and lasting.\n11 The Bull, whose strength hath waxed, whom Maruts follow,\nfree-giving Indra, the Celestial Ruler,\nMighty, all-conquering, the victory-giver, him let us call to\ngrant us new protection.\n12 Give up the people who are high and haughty to these metx\nand to me, 0 Thunder-wielder\nTherefore upon the earth do we invoke thee, where heroes\nwin, for sons and kine and waters,\n13 Through these thy friendships, Godinvoked of many may we\n!\nbe victors over every foeman.\nflaying both kindsoffoe, may we, 0 Hero, be happy, helped\nby thee, with ample riches.\nHYMN\nXX. Indra,*-\nGive us wealth, Indra, thatwithmight, asheaven o’ertops the\nearth, o’ercomes our foes in battle,\nWealth that brings thousands and that wins the corn-lands,\nwealth, Son of Strength that vanquishes thefoeman.\n!\n2 Even as the power of Dyaus, to thee, O Indra, all Asura sway\nwas by the Gods entrusted,\nWhen thou, Impetuous leagued with Vishnu, slevvest Vritra\n1\nthe Dragon who enclosed the waters. ,\n3 Indra, Strong, Victor, Mightier than the mighty, addressed\nwith prayer and perfect in his splendour,\nLordof thebolt thathreaketh fortsinpieces, became theKing\nof the sweetjuice of Soma.\nfr9 omFr tho em eb ase th .indus y etc: or, from,thewest, fromthenorth, from the south,\n11 Thisstanzahasoccurredin III. 47- 5,\n12 Where heroeswin : sflrasdtau; inbattle.\n13 Bothkinds offoe kinsman and strangers. Seestanza8*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 574,
            "content": "; :; : : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VL\n4 There, Indra, while the light was won, the Panis fled, ’neath\na hundred blows, forwise Dasoni,\nAnd greedy Sushna's magical devices; nor left he any of\ntheir food remaining.\n5 What time the thunder fell and Sushna perished, all life's\nsupport from the great Druh was taken.\nIndra made room for his car-driver Kutsa who sate beside\nhim, when he gained the sunlight.\n6 As the Hawk rentforhimthestalkthatgladdens, he wrenched\nthe head from Namuchi the Dasa.\nHe guarded Naur, Sayya’s son, in slumber, and sated him\nwith food, success, and riches.\n7 Thou, thunder-armed, \\^ith thy great might hast shattered\nPipru'sstrong forts who knew the wiles of serpents.\nThougavest tothy worshipper Hijisvan imperishable wealth,\n10\n0 Bounteous Giver.\n8 The crafty Vetasu, the swift Dasoni, and Tugra speedily with\nallhis servants.\nHath Indra, gladdening with strong assistance, forced near as\nTwere to glorify the Mother.\n9 Besistless, with the hosts he battles, bearing in both his arms\nthe Vritra-slaying thunder.\nHe mounts his Bays, as the car-seat an archer yoked at a\nword they bear the lofty Indra. ;\nMay we, 0 Indra, gain by thy new favour so Purus laud\n;\nthee, with their sacritices,\nThat thou hast wrecked seven autumn forts, their shelter,\nslain Dasa tribes and aided Purukutsa.\n4 Forwise Dasoni Dasoni would appear in this placetobethename of\nsomeman whomIndraprotected. S&yana says that the dative case is put\nfortheablative, and that themeaningis, {from the sage who offers many\noblations/thatis,fromKutsa. LudwigtakesDasoniheretobethopriestofthe\nPanis: 'fledorfellfororto bim'meaningthathewaspowerlesstosavethem,\n5 Druh or,oppressor. Gf IV. 28. 2.\n27.6 T Nh ue mH iaw sk ee; Xw .h 4i 8c .h 9.brought the Soma from heaven. SeeI. 9S. 6: IV.\n8 Vetasu,Dasoni, and Tugraappeartobe namesof enemies on.pio<.»,! by\naIn nd dra D. asoB nu it (dsw ai sf ot n, imtd )tu mj al ym, bm ea ay nb ae djea cP tir vo ep ,er ‘hN aa vim ne g, tT ei nn a; r/: ms-T ou ri hi elpV eI r. s/*20. O4 f) .,\nX. 49. 4, andsee Ludwig, Der Kigveda, III. p. 156. As 1twere toglorifythe\nMother bayanatakesdy6tcin&ycias thenameof a andaccordingto his\ninterpretationIndracompelledtheconqueredfoesto approach Dyotana sub-\nmissivelyasason comesbeforeamother. TheMother thegreatMotherAditi.\n10 Autumnforts probably strongplaces on elevated groundoccupied by\nthe D&sasororiginalinhabitantsduringtherainsandautumn. According to\nS&yana, citiesorstrongholdsof Sarat, ademon."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 575,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 21.] TBE RIOVEDA, 581\n11 Favouring ITsana tlie son of Kavi, thou wast his ancient\nstrengthener, 0 Indra.\nThou gavesfc Navav&stva as a present, to the great father\ngayest back his grandson.\n12 Thou, roaring4Indra, dravest on the waters that made a roar-\ning sound like rushing rivers,\nWhattime, 0 Hero, o’er the sea thou broughtest, in safety\nbrolightest Turvasa and Yadu.\n13 This Indra, was thy work inwar: thou sentest Dhuni and\nChumuri to sleep and slumber,\nDabhiti lit the flame for thee, and worshipped with fuel,\nhymns, poured Soma, dressed oblations,\nHYMN XXL\nIndra. Visvedevas.\nThese the most constant singer’s invocations call thee who\nart to be invoked, 0 Hero\n;\nHymns call anew the chariot-borne, Eternal : by eloquence\nmen gain abundantriches,\n2 I praise that Indra, known to all men, honoured with songs,\nextolled with hymns at sacrifices,\nWhose majesty, rich in wondrous arts, surpasseth the magni-\ntude of earth, and heaven in greatness.\n3 He hath made pathways, with theSun to aid him, throughout\nthe darkness that extended pathless.\nMortals who yearn to worship ne’er dishonour, 0 Mighty God,\nthy Law who art Immortal.\n4 And he who did these things, where is that Indra? among\nwhat tribes? what people doth he visit?\nWhat sacrifice contents thy mind and wishes? What priest\namong them all? what hymn, 0 Indra?\n5 Yea, here were they who, born of old, have served thee, thy\nfriends of ancienttime, thou active Worker.\nBethink thee now of these, Invoked'of many 1 the midmost\nand the recent, and the youngest.\n11 Navavdstva an Asura, ora mysterious being who perhaps represents\ntheSun, released fromcapti—vityor eclipsebyIndra and by him restored to\nhisownorto Indra’s father apparently toUs&nft or Heaven, Gf. X. 49. 6 ;\nB n.er Ag ra bi eg in te e, nII a. uf22 d3 em; P Gi es be ih ee tl e( dV ee rdi Rs ge vh ee daS -t fu od ri se cn* hunII g. ,1 12 68 0) .; Ludwig, Ueber die\n12 SeeI, 174.9.\n13 Dhuniand Chumuri : Asurasordemons, sent to sleep, thatis slain, by\nIndra. ‘Thou, with sleep whelming Chumuriand Dhuni, slowestthe Dasyu\nkeptestsafeDabhfti’ (II. 15. 9). Cf. VL 18. 8."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 576,
            "content": "!\n,582 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 71.\n6 Inquiringafter him, thylater servants, Indra, have gained thy\nformer old traditions.\nHero, to whom the prayer is brought, we praise thee as great\nfor that wherein we know thee mighty.\n7 The demon’s strength is gathered fast against thee ; great as\nthatstrength hath grown, go forth to meet it.\nWith thine own ancient friend and close companion, the\nthunderbolt, brave Champion 1 drive itbackward.\n8 Hear, too, the prayer,of this thy present beadsman, 0 Indra,\nHero, cherishing the singer*\nForthou wast aye our fathers’ Friend aforetime, still swift to\nlisten to theirsupplication.\n9 Bring to our help tins Jay, for our protection, Varuna, Mitra,\nIndra, and the Maruts,\nP iishan and Vishnu, Agni and Purandhi, Savitar also, and the\nPlantsandMountains.\n10 The singers here exalt with hymns and praises thee who art\nvery Mighty and MostHoly,\nv Hear, when invoiced, the invoker’s invocation. Beside thee\nthere is none like thee, Immortal\n11 Now to my words come quickly thouwho knowest, 0 Son of\nStrength, with all who claim ourworship,\nWho visit sacred rites, whosetongueisAgni, Gods who made\nManu stronger than the Dasyu.\n12 On good and evil ways be thou our Leader, thou who art\nknown to all as Path-preparer.\nBring power to us, 0Indra, with thy Horses, Steeds that are\nbest to draw, broad-backed, unwearied.\nHYMN\nXXII. Indra,\nWith these my hymns I glorify that Indra who is alone to be\ninvoked bymortals,\nThe Lord, the Mighty One, of manly vigour, victorious, Hero,\ntrue, and full of wisdom.\n2 Oursires of old, Navagvas, sages seven, while urging him to\nshow his might, extolled him,\nDwellingon heights, swift, smiting down opponents, guileless\nin word, andin his thoughts mostmighty.\nQ Purandhi ; ethe intelligent/ or {thebold9 maybe eitheran epithetof\nAgni orthenameofaseparatedeity.\n2 Navagvas ; here,apparently,identifiedwith theAngir"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 577,
            "content": "—\n: : : !\nHYMN 22,] THE RIGVEDA . 58$\n- 3 We seek that Indra to obtain his riches thatbring much food,\nand men, and store of heroes.\nBring us, Lord of Bay Steeds, to make us joyful, celestial\nwealth, abundant, undecaying.\n4 Tell thou us this, if at thy hand aforetime the earlier singers\nhave obtained good fortune,\nWhat is thy share and portion, Strong Subduer, Asura-slayer,\nrich, invoked of many ?\n5 Hewhofor car-borne Indra, armed withthunder,hath ahymn,\nr\ncraving, deeply-piercing, fluent,\nWho sends a song effectual, firmly-grasping, and strength-\n:\nbestowing, he comes near the mighty.\n: 6 Strong ofthyself, thoubythisarkhastshattered,withthought-\nswift Parvata, him who waxed against thee,\nAnd, Mightiest! roaring! boldly rent in pieces thingsthatwere\nfirmly fixed and never shaken.\n' 7 Him will we fit for you with new devotion, the strongestAn-\n10 cient One, in ancient manner.\nSo may that Indra, boundless, faithfulLeader, conduct us o’er\nall places hard to traverse.\n8 Thou for the people who oppress hast kindled the earthly\nfirmament and that of heaven.\nWith heat, 0 Bull, on every side consume them heat earth\n:\nand flood for him who hates devotion.\n9 Of all the Heavenly Folk, of earthly creatures thou art the\nKing, 0 God of splendid aspect.\nIn thy right hand, 0 Indra, grasp the thunder Eternal\n;\nthou destroyest all enchantments.\nGive us confirmed prosperity, 0 Indra, vast and exhaustless\nfor the foe’s subduing.\nStrengthen therewith the Arya’s hate and Dasa’s, and letthe\narms of Nahushas be mighty.\n4 Whatist—hy shareand portion: twhatis tile portion,whattheoffering\n(due) tothee.’ Wilson. Asura-slayer: possibly, the smiter.and conqueror\nof theAsura Dyaus. •*\n5 Comesnearthemighty: 1encounters (withconfidence) themalevolent.’\nWilson.\n6 Parvata the Geniusof themountainsandclouds, frequentlyassociated\nwithIndra. Accordingto S&yana bahvparvand vajrena themany-knotted\nthunderboltisintended.\nHimwho(waxedagainstthee V) r,\nitra.\n8 Thepeoplewho oppress the R&hshasasand otherenemies.\n•\n10 Nahushas ; see VI. 48. 7, note. .'"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 578,
            "content": "; ;\n534 TBF HYMNS OF [BOOK Yh\n11 Come with thy team which brings all blessings hither. Dis-\nposer, much-invoked, exceeding holy.\n* Than whom no fiend, no God can stay or hinder, come swiftly\nwith these Steeds in my direction.\nHYMN\nXXIII. Indra.\nThou art attached to pressed-out Soma, Indra, at land, at\nprayer, and when the hymn is chanted;\nOr when with yoked Bays, Maghavan, thou comest, 0 Indra,\nbearing in thine arms the thunder.\n2 Orwhen on that decisive day thou holpest the presser of the\njuice at Vritra’s slaughter\nOr when thou, while thestrong one feared, undaunted, gavest\nto death, Indra, the daring Dasyus.\n3 Let Indra drink the pressed-out Soma, Helper and mighty\nGuide of him who sings his praises.\nHe gives the hero room who pours oblations, and treasure\neven to the lowly singer.\n4 E’en humble rites with his Bay Steeds he visits: he wields\nthe bolt, drinks Soma, gives ns cattle.\nHe makes the valiant rich in store of heroes, accepts our\npraise and hears the singer’s calling.\n5 What he hath longed for wehave brought to Indra, who from\nthe days of old hath done us service.\nWhile Soma flows we will sing hymns ancj,laud him, so that\nourprayer may strengthen Indra’s vigour.\n6 Thou hast madeprayersthe means ofthine exalting, therefore\nwe waiton thee with hymns, 0 Indra.\nMaywe, bythe pressedSoma, Soma-drinker\n1\nbringthee, with\nsacrifice, blissful sweet refreshment.\n7 Mark well our sacrificial cake, delighted : Indra, drink Soma\nand the milk commingled.\nHere on the sacrihcer’s grass be seated give ample room*to\n:\nthy devoted servant.\n8 0 Mighty One, he joyful as thou wiliest. Let these our sac-\nrifices reach andfindthee\nAnd may this hymn and these our invocations turn thee,\nwhom many meninvoke, to help us.\n9 Friends, when the juices flow, replenish duly your own,your\nbounteous Indra with the Soma.\nWill it notaid him tosupportus? Indraspares himwhosheds\nthe juice to win his favour."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 579,
            "content": ": : : :\nm\nHYMN THE RIOVEEA.\n24.]\n10 While Soma flowed, thus Indra hath been lauded, Euler of\nnobles, mid the Bharadv&jas,\nThat Indra may become the singer’s patron and give him\nwealth in every kind of treasure.\nHYMN XXIV. Indra.\nStrong rapturous joy, praise, glory are with Indra impet-\n:\nuous God, he quaffs the juice of Soma\nThat Maghavan whom men must laud with singing, Heaven-\ndweller, King of songs, whose help is lasting.\n2 He, Friend of man, most wise, victorious Hero, hears, with\nfar-reaching aid, the singer call him.\nExcellent, Praise of Men, the bard’s Supporter, Strong, he\ngives strength, extolled in holy synod.\n3 The lofty axle of thy wheels, 0 Hero, is not surpassed by\nheaven and earth in greatness. '\nLike branches of a tree, Invoked of many! manifold aids\nspring forth from thee, 0 Indra.\n4 Strong Lord, thine energies, endowed withvigour, are like the\npaths of kine converging homeward.\nLike bonds of cord, Indra, that bind the younglings, no bonds\nare they, 0thou of boundless bounty.\n5 One act to-day, another actto-morrow ; oft Indra makes what\nis not yetexistent.\nHere have we Mitra, Varupa, and Pfishan to overcome the\nfoeman’s domination.\n6 By song and sacrifice men brought the waters from thee, as\nfrom, a mountain’s ridge, 0 Indra.\nUrgingthy might, with these fair lauds they seek thee, O\ntheme of song, as horses rush to battle.\n1 Strongrapturousjoy producedbydrinkingSoma-libations.\n2 PraiseofMen : sdhsonavttm, as Agniiscalled Nardsansa.\n4 Converging homeward: all Inclra’s great deeds indicate their divine\nauthor as thetracksmadebygracingcows may betracedbacktothecommon\npen fromwhich theyhavecomeforth.\nLikebonds theties bywhitsh Indra’sworshippers arebound to him are\ntiesof loveand notfettersof slavery. Thereisaplay onthe worddtfman\ninthetextwhichderivedfrom dd, togive, means giftorbounty, and derived\nfromdd, tobind, means, cord, rope,bond,or fetter: vatsctn&m nd tantdyah\nteIndrad&manvantah adamotnah suddman(Padatext). Theword vatsdalso\nmeans a youngling, especially a calf, andadear child, adarling, so that\nIndra’sfavouredworshippersarealsointended.\n5 Here that is, in Indrawe have achampion equaltothe three Gods\nmentioned."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 580,
            "content": "———\n:: ;\n58$ THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI.\n7 That Indra whom nor months norautumn seasonswitherwith\nage, nor fleeting days enfeeble,\nStill may his body wax, e’en nowso mighty, glorified by the\nlauds and hymns that praise him.\n8 Extolled, he bends not to the strong, the stedfast, nor to the\nbold incited by the Dasyu.\nHighmountains are as level plains to Indra : even in the deep\nhe finds firm groundto rest on.\n’ 9 Impetuous Speeder through all depth and distance, give\nstrengthening food, thou drinker of the juices.\nStand up erect to helpus, unreluctant, what time the gloom\nof night brightens to morning.\n10 Hasting to help, come hither and protecthim, keep him from\nharm when he is here, 0 Indra.\nAt home, abroad, from injury preserve him. Maybrave sons\ngladden us through a hundred winters.\nHYMN XXV. Indra.\nWiththine assistance, 0 thou Mighty Indra, be it the least,\nthe midmost, or the highest,\ni Great with those aids and by these powers support us, Strong\nGod\n1\nin battle that subdues our foemen.\n2 With these discomfit hosts that fight against us, and check\nthe opponent’s wrath, thyself uninjured.\nWith these chase all ourjfoes to every quarter : subdue the\ntribes of Dasas to the Arya.\n3 Those who array themselves as foesto smite us, 0 Indra, be\nthey kin or bethey strangers,\nStrike thou their manly strength that it be feeble, and drive\ninheadlong flight ourfoemen backward.\n* 4 With strength oflimb the hero slays the hero, when bright in\narms they range them for the combat.\nWhen two opposinghosts contend in battle for seed and off-\nspring, waters, kine, or corn-lands.\n30 Hastingtohelp I followProfessorPischel (VedischeStudies, I. p. 41).\nxn his explanationof ndijdm ' '-1 v. P 'essor Ludwig translates\nt Rs a oo k tm e he sw tnh hda iyt n& ks smim iii tnl mtar h al e yy s. i hg enJ i aS f& i py c raa otn i pa o en r/ o nf aml eea .de. r H, ;ic. macc, tf o- hm epa iun syW ti it tl h us e to oln rea oa d fen rd t.’ hG e-r sP aa r cs o rs ifm fe ia s cn s en .o) r\nThepoetpraysforvictoryinacomingbattle.\n\\ 1 Bythese powers onaccountof, orbymeansof, thesacrificialfoodwhich\nincreasesthystrength."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 581,
            "content": "1 : : :\nHYMN 26,] THE R1QVEDA. ,587\n5 Yet no strong man hath conquered thee, no hero, no brave,\nno warrior trusting in his valour,\nNot'one of these is match for thee, 0 Indra. Thou far sur-\npassest all these living creatures.\n6 He is the Lord of both these armies’ valour when the com-\nmanders call them to the conflict\nWhen with their ranks expanded theyarefighting withagreat\nfoe or for a home with heroes.\n7 And when thy people stirthemselves for battle, be thou their\nsaviour, Indra, and protector,\nAnd theirs, the manliest ofour friends, the pious, the chiefs\nwho have installed us priests, 0 Indra. •\n8 To thee for high dominion hath t>een given, for evermore, for\nslaughtering the Vritras,\nAll lordly power and might, 0 Holy Indra, given by Gods for\nvictory in battle,\n9 So urge our hosts together in the combats yield up the\ngodless bands that fight against us. :\nSinging, at morn may we find thee with favour, yea, Indra,\nand e'en now, we Bharadv&jas.\nHYMN XXVI. Indra.\n0 Indra, hear us. Raining down the Soma, we call on thee\nto win us mighty valour.\nGive us strong succour on the day of trial, when the tribes\ngather on the field of battle.\n2 The warrior, son of warrior sire, invokes thee, to gain great\nstrength that may be won as booty\n:\nTo thee, the brave man’s Lord, the fiends' subduer, he looks\nwhen fighting hand to hand for cattle.\n3 Thou didst impel the sage to win the daylight, didst ruin\nSushna for the pious Kutsa.\nTheinvulnerable demon'sheadthouolavestwhenthou wouldst\nwin the praise of Atithigva.\n4 The lofty battle-car thou broughtest forward; thou holpest\nDasadyu the strong when fighting.\n6 He is theLord Indra can givevalour andvictory to either sideashe\nchooses. S&yana explains the firsthalf-stanza differently: ‘Of both these\n'ili- ; 1 !:\\r.!:*\\ that one acquires wealthwhose priests invoke(Indra ) atthe\nhiisT'i. -Wil'sOM.\n—\n4S T Vh ete as sa ug :e: acb ch od rr dg ia ngva tm or Si &s yh ai nm\na,\neiS t& hy ea rn aa\nk;\nint ghe aiR dis eh di, byde hs ic men od ran at do ef mB oh nri sg lau i,\nn\nby him. Cf. YI. 20. 8."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 582,
            "content": "—\n:\nm\nTHE HVMNJS OF [BOOH VI\nAlongwith VetasuthouslewestTugra,and madestTujistrong,\nwho praised thee, Indra.\n5 Thou madest good the laud, whattime thourentest ahundred\nthousand fighting foes, 0 Hero,\nSlewestthe D&sa Sambara of the mountain, and with strange\naids didst succour Divodasa.\n6 MadegladwithSoma-draughtsandfaith, thousentestChumuri\nto his sleep, to please Dabhiti.\nThou, kindly giving Raji to Pitbinas, slewest with might, at\nonce, the sixty thousand.\n7 May I too, with the liberal chiefs, 0 Indra, acquire thy bliss\nsupreme and domination,\nWhen, Mightiest Hero-girt Nahusha heroes boast them in\n! !\nthee, the triply-strongT)efender.\n8 So maywe be thy friends, thy best belovM, 0 Indra, at this\nholy invocation.\nBest be Pratardani, illustrious ruler, in slaying foemen and in\ngaining riches.\nHYMN XXVII. Indra.\nWhatdeed hath Indra done in the wild transport, in quaffing\nor in friendship with, the Soma 1\nWhatjoys havemenofancient times orrecent obtainedwithin\nthe chamber oflibation\nIt\n2 In its wild joy Indra hath proved him faithful, faithful in\nquaffing, faithful in its friendship.\nHis truth is the delight that in this chamber the men of old\nand recent times have tasted.\n3 All thy vast power, 0 Maghavan, we know not, know not the\nriches of thy full abundance.\nNo one hath seen that might of thine, productive of bounty\neveryday renewed, 0 Indra,\n4 This one great power of thine our eyes have witnessed, where-\nwith thou slewest Varasikha’s children,\nTuji: a ofthatname,say—s S&yana. —\n6 Baji:amaidenofthatname. Sayana.Pithinas:amansocalled. S&yana.\n8 Prdtavdani sonofaprincenamedPratardana.\nTheothernameshaveoccurredbefore. SeeIndex.\nTheliberalityofAbhy&vartinCMyam&nais saidtobethedeifiedobjectof\nstanza8.\n1 *AccordingtoSdyanatheRishihereexpresseshisimpatienceatthedelay\nofthe rewardof his praises: inthe next verse hesingshis recantation/\nWilson.\n4 Vara&ilcha: acertain Asuraor demon,says S&yana. He seemsto have\nbeentheleaderofthe Vrichlvans,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 583,
            "content": ": : ; :\nHYMN 28.] THE RIOYEDA , 589\nWhen by the force of thy descending thunder, at the mere\nsound, their boldest was demolished.\n5 In aidof Abhy&varbin Chayam&na, Indra destroyedthe seedof\nVarasikha.\nAt HariyupiyU. he smote the vanguard of the Vrichivans, and\nthe rear fled frighted;\n6 Three thousand, mailed, in quest of fame, together, on the\nYavyavatf, 0 much-sought Indra,\nVrichivan’s sons, falling beforethearrow, like burstingvessels\nwent to their destruction.\n7 He, whose two red Steers, seeking goodly pasture,plying their\ntongues move on Twixt earth and heaven,\nGaveTurvasatoSrinjaya, and, to$,id him, gave the Vrichivans\nup to Daivav&ta.\n8 Two wagon-teams, with damsels, twenty oxen, 0 Agni,\nAbhyavartin Chayam&na,\nThe liberal Sovran, givefch me. This guerdon of Pritliu’s seed\nis hard to win from others.\nHYMN\nXXVIII. Cows.\nThe Kine have come and brought good fortune let them rest\n:\nin the cow-peu and be happy near us.\nHere let them stay prolific, many-coloured, and yield through\nmany morns their milk for Indra.\n2 Indra aids him who offers sacrifice and gifts : he takes not\nwhat is his, and giveshim more thereto.\nIncreasing ever more and ever more his wealth, he makes the\npious dwell within unbroken bounds.\n5 Abhydvartin Ohdyamdaa aking, apparently theleader oftheP&rtliavas,\ntheenemiesof VarasikhaandtheVrichivans.\nIIw’iyiLpiyd: (havinggoldensacrificial posts),thenameofatown,or,accord-\ning toothers, ofa river.\nVrichivans Vrichivaiiissaidtohavebeen the eldestson ofVarasikha, and\ntohavegiven hisnametothefamilyortribe. Thenamedoesnotoccuragain\nin theHymns.\n6 Yawjdvati; thenameofariver, accordingtoS&yana identical with the\nHariyftpiydofstauza5.\n7 He Indra. RedSteers; brighthorses, accordingto S&yana.\nGave TurvasatoSrinjaya gaveuptheTurvasas,atribeapparently settled\nin thenorth-westof India, to their neighbours and enemies the Srinjayas.\nHaimvdta\n:\nAbhydvartin CMyam&ua, sonofDevav&ta.\nI.8 126Wit 8.hd Oam fse Pl fs it: hua 'c sco sm eep dan :i oe rd ‘w bi et sh tos wla ev de- bg yirl Ps &;rtor h, &d Wr vaw ln &ab ty mar pe rs e, sentC ef d.\nby Abhydvartin,*one of thedescendantsofPrithu."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 584,
            "content": ": :\n5P0 THE HYMNS OF,. [BOOK VI<\n3 These are ne’er lost, no robber ever injures them : no evil-\nminded foe attempts to harassthem.\nThe master ofthe Kine lives many ayearwith these, the Cows\nwhereby he pours hisgifts and serves the G-ods.\n4 The charger with his dusty brow o’ertakes them not, and\nnever to the shambles do they take theirway.\nThese Cows, the cattle of thepiousworshipper, roamoverwide-\nspread pasture where no danger is.\n5 To me the Cows seem Bhaga, they seem Indra, theyseem a\nportion ofthe first-poured Soma.\nThese present Cows, they, 0 ye men, are Indra. I long for\nIndra with my heart and spirit.\n6 0 Cows, ye fatten e’en the worn and wasted, and make the\nunlovely beautiful to look on.\n- Prosper my house, ye with auspicious voices. Your power is\nglorified in onr assemblies.\n7 Cropgoodly pasturage and beprolific drink pure sweetwater\n:\natgood drinking-places.\nNever be thief or sinful man your master,andmaythedart of\nRudra still avoid you.\n8 Now let this close admixture be close intermingled with these\nCows,\nMixt with the Steer’s prolific flow, and, Indra, with thy hero\nmight.\nHYMN XXIX.\nIndra.\nYoxjr men have followed Indra for his friendship, and for his\nloving-kindness glorified him.\nFor he bestows great wealth, the Thunder-wielder worship\n;\nhim, Greatand Kind, to win his favour.\n3 Arene'erlast: ndt(tnasanti S&yanaassignsan imperative meaning to\nnasanti and the other verbs intheindicativemood whichoccurinthisand\nthefollowingstanzas\n:\n*Letnotthe Coivsbelost: letnothief,etc.’—Wilson.\nlet4 thTh ee mc nh oa trg be er ,.. c. ar. ro i' ee drt oa fk fes int ph re em dn ao tt or• yt ih ne cy ura sr ie onn so .t,or,according toSayana,\n5 TheworshipperregardstheCowsasthedeities, Bhaga and Indra, who\nbringhimhappiness. They 0yemen, are Indra: anallusion, apparently,to\ntherefrainofhymn12ofBookII., He, 0 men, is Indra.\n7 MaythedartofRudrastillavoidyou so, I. 114, 10. ‘Farbe thy dart\nthat Mlleth men or cattle,’andII. 33. 14. ‘MayJftudra’smissileturnaside\nandspareus, thegreatwrathoftheImpetuous Oneavoidus.’\n8 Thisstanzaappearstorefertotheminglingof the milk (thecows) with\nthejuiceof thestrongSoma(thesteer), which whenoffered as alibation to\nIndrawillincrease his heroic strength. But the phraseology is somewhat\nobscure,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 585,
            "content": "—\n: ;\nHYMN 30.] THE RIOVEDA. 501\n2 Him to whose hand, men closely cling, anddrivers stand op\nhis golden chariot firmly stationed.\nWithhis firm arms he holds the reins his Horses, the Stal-\n;\nlions, are yoked ready for the journey.\n3 Thy devotees embrace thy feet for glory. Bold, thunder-arm-\ned, rich, through thy strength, in guerdon,\nBobed in a garment fair as heaven to look on, thou hast dis-\n* played thee like an active dancer.\n.4 That Soma when effused hath best consistence, for which the\nfood is dressed and grain is mingled\nBy which the men whopray, extolling Indra, chief favourites\nof Gods, recite their praises.\n5 Ho limit of thy might hath been appointed, which by its\ngreatness sundered earth and heaven.\nThese the Prince filleth full with strong endeavour, driving,\nas ffwere, with help his flocks to waters.\n6 So be theloftyIndra prompttolisten, Helperunaided, golden-\nvisored Hero.\nYea, so may he, shown forth in might unequalled, smite down\nthe many Vritras and the Dasyus.\nHYMN XXX,\nIndra,\nIndra hath waxed yet more for hero prowess, alone, Eternal*\nhe bestoweth treasures.\nIndra transcendeth both the worlds in greatness : one half of\nhim equalleth earth and heaven.\n2 Yea, mighty I esteem his Godlike nature ; none hindereth -\nwhat he hath once determined.\nHear and afarhe spread and set the regions, and every day\nthe Sun became apparent.\n5 The Prince: Indraappears tobe meant. Driving...his flocks: op. I. 10.\n2. fAnd the Ram hastens with his troop,’ thatis, Indracomes with his\nbandof Maruts. S&yanatakes sftrih in itsmore usual signification of wor-\nps ih oi up spe wr oror shi in ps pt ei rt ,ut ho ar so tf ent ih ne gs (a tc ori sf ai cc re if; ica e)n ,d anPr dof ee as rs no er stlW yil ps eo rn fot rra mn is nl gate ws or; sh* it ph ,e\ngratifies theewith theoffering, as (the cowkeeper satisfies) the herds with\nwater.’\n6 Helperunaided thisseemsto bethe meaning of dtt anUM, with help\nthatneedsnootherhelp. S&yana explains the words, ‘bycomingorbynot\ncoming,’ whetherhebepresentorabsent.\n—\nOolden-visored: ‘Azure-chinned.’ Wilson, *Withyellow-colouredjaws,’\nLudwig. Ihavefollowed ProfessorRoth.\n1 Indrahathgrownstrongerandstrongerfortheperformanceofhismighty -\ndeeds."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 586,
            "content": ", : : : :\n592 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI.\n3 E’en now endures thine exploit of the Rivers, when, Indra,\nfor their floods thou clavest passage.\nLike men who sit at meat the mountains settled : by thee,\nMost Wise the regions were made stedfast.\n!\n4 This is the truth, none else is like thee, Indra, no God supe-\nrior to thee, no mortal.\nThou slewest Ahi who besieged the waters, and lettest loose\nthe streams to hurry sea-ward.\n5 Indra, thou brakest up the floods and portals on all sides, and\nthe firmness of the mountain.\nThou art the King of men, of all that liveth, engendering at\nonce Sun, Heaven, and Morning.\nHYMN XXXI. Indra.\nSole Lord of wealth art thou, 0 Lord ofriches : thou in thine\nhands hast held the people, Indra\n!\nMen have invoked thee with contending voices for seed and\nwaters, progeny and sunlight.\n2 Through fear of thee, 0 Indra, all theregionsof earth, though\nnaught maymove them, shake and tremble.—\nAll thatisfirm, is frightened at thycoming, the earth, the\nheaven, the mountain, andthe forest.\n3 With Kutsa, Indra I thou didst conquer Stishna, voracious,\nbane of crops, in fight for cattle.\nIn the close fray thou rentest him thou stolest the Sun’s\n:\nwheel and didst drive away misfortunes.\n3 Likemenwhositatmeat or, perhaps,like flieswhosettleonfood. See\nGeldner,VedischeStudien,II. 180.\n1 Men with contending voices the combatants oilboth sides invoke\nIndra’s aidinbattle.\nAccording to Prof. Pischel, Vedische Studien, I. 34, the meaning is as\nfollows :\n‘Alonewast thou, Lordofall wealthand riches,yet hastthou made the\nfolksubmissive, Indra,\nWhenwithupliftedvoicethetribesinvokedtheeforwater,sons,posterity\nandsunlight.’\n.\n1The folk,’ TcrishtKh meaning the speaker’s enemies, and *the tribes,’\nckarshandyo meaningthefiveAryantribes.\n3 Kutsa :the special favouriteof Indra. Baneof crops: or Kuyavamay\nbe the nameof another demon of drought or savage enemy. SeeIndex*.\nThou rentesthim literally, cbittest ddsa, accordingto Sftyana, standingfor\nada&ah. StolesttheSun’s wheel:seeI. 175. 4.\nMisfortunes accordingtoS&yana, *disturbingorinjuriousKftkshasas, etc,’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 587,
            "content": ": : ; :\nHYMN 32.] THE HIGVEDA. 593\n4 Thousmotest tothegroundthehundred cattles, impregnable,\nof Sambara the Dasyu,\nWhen, Strong, with might thou holpest Divod&sa who poured\nlibations out, 0 Soma-buyer, and madest Bharadvaja rich\nwho praised thee.\n5 As such, true Hero, for great joy of battle mount thy terrific\ncar, O Brave and Manly.\nCome with thine help to me, thou distant Roamer, and, glori-\nous God, spread among men my glory.\nHYMN\nXXXII.\nIndra.\nI with my lips have fashioned for this Hero words never\nmatched, most plentiful and auspicious,\nFor him the Ancient, Great, Strong, Energetic, the very\nmighty Wielder ofthe Thunder.\n2 Amid the sages, with the Sun he brightened the Parents\nglorified, he burst the mountain\nAnd, roaring withthe holy-thouglited singers, he loosed the\nbond that held the beams of Morning.\n3 Famed for great deeds, with priestswho kneel and laud him,\nhe still hath conquered in the fraysfor cattle,\nAnd broken down the forts, the Fort-destroyer, a Friend with\nfriends, a Sage among the sages.\n4 Come with thy girthed mares, with abundant vigour and\nplenteous strength to him who sings thy praises.\nCome hither, bornebymareswithmanyheroes, Lover ofsong !\nSteer for the people’s welfare.\n!\n4 The hundred castles probably the castles of cloud which retain, the\nrain. So, II. 19. 6, ‘And Indra, for the sake of Divod&sa, demolished\nSambara’snine-and-ninetycastles.*\n4 Soma-buyer purchaserofSoma-libationswiththehelp whichhe givesto\n•\ntheworshipper.\n2He brightenedthe Parents illuminated theuniversal parents, Heaven\nandEarth, The sages; the Angirases,theholy-thoughtedsingers of the next\nadj4 e* cW tii vt eh it nhy thg eirt ih ne sd trm ua mr ee ns t: alth ce asem ,ean si tan ng dio nf gni wv iy t& hb ohi uh t, aa f se um bi sn tai nn te i_vp el ,ura il\ns\nuncertain. Sftyana explainstheword bynavydbhirnavatardbhih, ‘very new\nro tr ivy yo fu tn bg M, h’ ma an yd bs eupp ali se us bsv ta ad na tv id vb ehi mh e,an‘ im na gre *s w’ ithPro gf ae rs ms eo nr t- sB ,’ot ah ndthi Pn rk os fet\ns\nmh soa rt\nGrassmanntranslates ‘mitGaben,’ ‘withgifts,’ thatis,presentsearned a\nn oi uv ti aor sua bp sr to an n; tivW e,it ih ntm ha eny sah mer eoe gs en: dp eu rr ,uv nt ui mr bd ebh ri ,h aa ng dai cn asi es aa sn na id vj ye ac bt hi iv Ke .wi At ch --\ncording to S£yana, it also qualifies vadavdbhih , ‘with mares/ understood,\nand means ‘havingmany colts/\n38"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 588,
            "content": ":; ;\nm\nthe rioveda, [book vi\n5 Iudra with rush and might, spedbyhis Coursers,hathswiftly\nwon the waters from the southward.\nThus setatlibertytheriversdaily howto theirgoal, incessant\nand exhaustless.\nHYMN XXXIII. Indra.\nGivius therapturethat is mightiest, Indra,prompttobestow\nand swift to aid, 0 Hero,\nThat wins with brave steeds where brave steeds encounter,\nand quells the Vritras and the foes in battle.\n2 For with loud voice the tribes invokethee, Indra, to aid them\nin the battle-field ofheroes.\nThou, with the singers, hast pierced through the Panis: the\ncharger whomthou aidest wins the booty.\n3 Both races, Indra, of opposing foemen, 0 Hero,boththe Arya\nand the D&sa,\nHast thou struck downlike woods with well-shot lightnings\n:\nthou rentest them in fight, most manly Chieftain l\nA Indra, befriend us with no scanty succour,^prosper and aid us,\nLoved of all that liveth,\nWhen, fighting for the sunlight, weinvoke thee, 0 Hero, in\nthe fray, in war's division.\n5 Be ours, 0 Indra, now and for the future, he graciously in-\nclined and near to help us.\nThus may we, singing, sheltered by the Mighty, win many\ncattle on the day of tidal.\nHYMN XXXIY.\nIndra.\nFull many songs have met in thee, 0 Indra, and many a\nnoble thoughtfrom thee proceedeth.\nNow and of old the eulogies of sages, their holy hymns and\nlauds, have yearned for Indra.\n2 He, praised of many, bold, invoked ofmany, alone is glorified\nat sacrifices.\nLike a car harnessed for some great achievement, Indra must\nbe the cause of our rejoicing.\n3 They maketheir way to Indra and exalthim, him whom no\nprayers and no laudations trouble\n5Fromthesouthward fromthequarterwhencetheRainscome.\n1 Giveustherapture letushe benefitedbythe transportwhich draughts\nofSomajuiceproduceinthee.\n3 They maketheirway .« that is,prayers and laudations reachIndraand\nstrengthenhim. Theydonot vexhim as theywouldvexaman whowould\nbeunabletofulfiltheprayersandwouldbeconsciousthathedidnotdeserve\nthelaudations."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 589,
            "content": ":\nm\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA\n35.] .\nForwhen a hundred or athousand singers laud him who loves\nthe song their praise delights him.\n4- As brightness mingles with the Moon in heaven, the offered\nSomayearns to mix with Indra.\nLike water brought to men in desert places, our gifts at sacri-\nfice have still refreshed him.\n5 To him this mighty eulogy, to Indra hath this our laud been\nuttered by the poets,\nThatin thegreat encounterwith the foemen, Loved of alllife,\nIndra mayguard and help us.\nHYMN XXXV*\nIndra.\n*\nWhen shall our prayers rest in thy car beside thee? When\ndost thou give thesinger food for thousands 1\nWhen wilt thou clothe this poet’s laud with plenty, and when\nwilt thou enrich our hymns with booty ?\n2 When wilt thoix gather men with men, 0 Indra, heroes with\nheroes, and prevail in combats\nThoushalt win triplykine in frays for cattle, so, Indira, give\nthou us celestial glory.\n3 Yea, when wilt thou, 0 Indra, thou Most Mighty, make the\nprayer all-sustaining for the singer?\nWhen wilt thou yoke, as we yoke songs, thyHorses,and come\nto offeringsthat bring wealth in cattle?\n4 Grant to the singer food with store of cattle, splendid with\nhorses and the fame of riches.\nSend food to swell the milch-cow good at milking brightbe\n:\nits shine among the Bharadvajas.\n4 4s brightness mingles with the Moon I follow Professor Ludwig inhis\ndi on ut ber tp fr ue lt .ati *o An ro cf Mth ii ss td hi effi nc oul mt inp aa ts is va ege s; inb gu ut larit .se Wxa ect hm ae va eni hn eg rest til hl es le ae tm es\nr\nJyotsndorKaumudi asthewife orfemininepowerof theMoon. S&rya, the\ndaughterof theSun,i.e. the Moon'slight whichisborrowed from the Sun\nis\nanearlierconception.’-—Ludwig.\n5 By the'poets: by thoBewho sing hymns of praise. MaHhhih— stotribhh\nS&yana. In the great encounterwith the foemen: mah'B.i rritrafuryc iri\nthe great —victory overVritra ; that is, generally, in battle with enemies ;\nsangrdmc, Sciyana.\n1 Restin thy oar besidethee?; when shallourprayersreach theeas thou\nstandestonthychariot? ThepoetexpressesimpatienceatIndra’»inattention\ntohispetitions."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 590,
            "content": ": :;\n596 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI.\n5 Lead otherwise this present foeman, Sakra ! Hence art thou\npraised as Hero, foe-destroyer.\nHim who givespuregifts may Ipraiseunceasing. Sage, quick-\nen the Angirases by devotion.\nHYMN XXXVI.\nIndra.\nThy raptures ever were for all men’s profit: so evermore have\nbeenthine earthly riches.\nThou still hast been the dealer-forth of vigour, since among\nGods thouhasthad power and Godhead.\n2 Men have obtained his strength by sacrificing, and ever urged\nhim on to hero valour.\nFor the rein-seizing, the impetuous Charger they furnished\npower even for Vritrar s slaughter.\n3 Associ1 ate withhim,asteamsof horses, help, manlymight, and\nvigourfollow Indra.\nAs rivers reach the sea, so, strong with praises, our holy\nsongs reach him the Comprehensive.\n4 Laudedby us, letflow the spring, 0 Indra, of excellent and\nbrightly-shining riches.\nFor thou art Lord of men, without an equal ; of all the world\nthou art the only Sovran,\n5 l findthisstanzahopelesslyobscure,anddonotattemptto translateit,\ngiving insteadofaconjectural translationareproduction ofthesubstance of\nS&yana’sabsolutely'worthlessparaphrase. Leadotherwise:accordingtoS&yana,\ncconsigntodeath,toacoursedifferentfromthatoflivingbeings.*—Wilson.\nTheAngirases: thedescendantsofAngirases, thatis the Bharadv&jas.\nProfessor Ludwigtranslates: ‘Alsoat another time(I wish) hitherthis\nstrong(defence), when thou as ahero, Sakra, singest open [aufsingst] the\ndoors;may Inever losethe cowthatyields brightjuice cause thou herto\nhasten through the prayer of the Angirasas/ In his\nC;ommentary\nProf,\nLudwig alters ‘losethe cow,eto.* into ‘lose the seed-pouring (bull) of the\nmileh-cow. Professor Aufrecht would readvrijanam insteadof vrijdnam\nandwinisheinsteadofgrinishe, andProf. Grassmanntranslatesaccordingly\n*Nowtoo, asformerly,X choosefor myself thisman, when, Strong One, as;\nherothouopenestthedoors. Neverthen maythesteerwhose seedstreams\nfailme. Quicken, 0 Sage,thesingersthroughprayer.’\n1 Thy raptures producedbydrinking the Soma juice. Power and God-\nhead : asurydm Asura-hood, the nature and powerof an Asura or High\nGod, Some givea different meaning to dhdrdyathdk: ‘thou maintainest\nvigouramon —gthegods/—Wilson. ‘Indraissaid togivedivine powertothe\nothergods/ Muir, 0. S. T.,V. 92,\na\nw2 arH -i hs orsst ere wng ht oh tat kh ee sp to hw eer bf iu tl ba ei td wo ef eI nnd hr ia s. teeQ th ha .rge Sr ct: yI an nd ara e, xpi lm ap ie nt su so yu Us maa -s\n*\ngribhe:as(seizer of enemies who are in uninterrupted fines/ ‘Theyoffer\nsacrifices tohimastheseizerofan uninterrupted seriesoffoes, their assaih\nant,theirsubduer,and alsoforthedestruction of Yritra/—Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 591,
            "content": "—\nt : : ; > ;\nm\n38.1 Mfctf RIQVtibA.\n5 Hear what thou mayst hear, thou who, fain for worship, as\nheaven girds earth, guardest thy servant’s treasure\nThat thou mayst be ourown, joying in power, famed through\nthy might in every generation.\nHYMN\nXXXVII.\nJLe thy Bay Horses, yoked, O mighty Indra, bring thy car\nhither fraught with every blessing.\nFor thee, the Heavenly, e’en the poor invoketh, may we this\nday, thy feast-companions, prosper.\n2 Forth to the vat the brown drops flow for service, andpurified\nproceed directly forward\nMay Indra drink of this, our guest aforetime, Celestial King\nofthe strong draught of Soma.\n8 Bringing us hitherward all-potent Indra on well-wheeled\nchariot, may the Steeds who bear him\nConvey him on the road direct to glory, and ne’er may Vayu’s\nAmrit cease and fail him.\n—\n4 Supreme, he stirs this man to give the guerdon, Indra, most\nefficacious of the princes,\nWherewith, O Thunderer, thou removest sorrow, and, Bold\nOne partest wealth among the nobles.\n!\n5 Indra is he whogivesenduringvigour : mayoursongsmagnify\nthe God Most Mighty.\nBest Vritra-slayer be the Hero Indra these things he givesas\n:\nPrince, with strong endeavour.\nHYMN XXXVII\nT. Indr?,\nHe hath drunk hence, Most Marvellous, and carried away our\ngreatand splendid call on Indra.\nThe Bounteous, when we serve the Gods, accepteth song yet\nmore famous and the gifts we bring him.\n1 Thee, theHeavenly: sv&rvdn appears to apply totvd,thee, Indra, and to\nstandforsvarvantam. SeePischel, VedischeStudien, I. 198,218.\n—\n3 Toglory: ctotheprizeofbattle.’—G-rassmann. (Toourrite.’ Wilson.\nVdyu'sAmrit\n:\n1V&yuis—possessoroftheAmritprobablyasbeingTvashtar’s\nson-in-law. VIII. 26. 21.’ Ludwig.\n4 This man the institutor of the sacrifice. Wherewith; on account of\nwhichguerdon. The liberal guerdon givenbythenobles whodefraytheex-\npensesofthesacrificecausesIndrainhisturn tobegraciousandliberalofhis\ngiftstothem.\n5 Withstrong endeavour exertinghispoweronbehalfofhisworshippers.\n1 liehathdrunhhence ProfessorLudwigthinksthat the first line must\nr ae nf der cot no veA yg sni t, o Iw nh do rar te hc eeiv ie ns vot ch ae til oi nba at dio dn reh se sn ec de , tt oha ht ii ms ., fr Bo um tth Ie ndpr ri aest h’ is mscu ep l, f\nmay beintendedinthefirstlineaswellasinthesecond,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 592,
            "content": ": : :\n608 Tim HYMNS OH [BOOK VI\n2 The speakei*filleth with a cry to Indra his ears who cometh\nnigh e’en from a distance.\nMay this my call bring Indra tomy presence, this call toGods\ncomposed in sacred verses.\n3 Him have I sung with ray best sang and praises, Indra of\nancientbirth and Everlasting.\nEor prayer and songs in him are concentrated let laud wax\n;\nmighty when addressed to Indra\n4 Indra, whom sacrifice shall strengthen, Soma, and song and\nhymn, and praises and devotion,\nWhomDawnsshallstrengthenwhenthenightdeparteth,\nIndra\nwhom daysshall strengthen, months, and autumns.\n5 Him, horn for conquering might in full perfection, and waxen\nstrong forbounty and for glory,\nGreat, Powerful, will we to-day, Q singer, invite to aid usand\nto quell our foemen.\nHYMN XXXIX. into\n.\nOf this ourcharming, ourcelestialSoma,eloquent, wise,Priest,\nwith inspired devotion,\nOf this thy close attendant, hast thou drunken. God, send\nthe singer food with milk to grace it.\n2 Craving thekine, rushingagainstthemountain, ledon byLaw,\nwith holy-minded comrades,\nHe broke the never-broken ridge of Vala. With words of\nmightIndia subdued the Panis.\n3 This Indu lighted darksome nights, O Indra, throughout the\nyears, at morning and at evening.\nHim have they stablished as the days’ bright ensign. He\nmade theMornings tobe born in splendour.\n4 He shone and caused to shinethe worlds that shone not. By\nLaw he lighted up thehost ofMornings.\nsho3 ulL det bela lou fd tyw aa sx thm eig dh it gy ni: tywh ofen theth se ubp jeo cw ter deo mf anI dnd sr .aiscelebrated,thesone&r\n6 Toquellourfoemen:or,toconquerVritras,thatis,Vritraandsimilarfiends.\n1m- t Vo 1t ah be0 ei vltr ee rs at ga er . Pe nu e(n &TB u lhso beun ean S cl ao,: uma sa a ens d i iP s tr ao c ig sf ar le e els e mes a d po b lr l e oyW l yi ot eql o u ds eo E n in u t nro a oob fnps fdee err a w iv n - ne i gs sn e s, o at t‘ si oS oe g tnv is he v, er iva n Gl e g or do ey sf l .ot i qnh uae ep ne p cp l ei it ch a ae b nt l ds e\nexcellentparf *’ thatiS ’°f^whichmilkandbutterconstitutethemost\nT\nfthh S? f 2/mo If nt dh ueG Io nd ds, um Id se e h.S eL t rh eet th r he a eyA s Ml oo of nl ,is g we hs t h.- ichF Sa e isl e» iI d; n ed na e tx id f.e iem do wn itw hho Sos mt ao .le awaJy\nThedays brightensign thestandardbywhichtimeismeasured."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 593,
            "content": ":\nm\nEYMN\n41.]\nTEE RIGYEDA.\nHe moves with Steeds joked byeternal Order, contenting bien\nwith nave that finds the sunlight.\n5 Now, praised, 0 Ancient King\n!\nfillthouthesingerwithplente-\nous food that he may deal forth treasures.\nGive waters, herbs that have no poison, forests, and kine, and\nsteeds, and men, to him who lauds thee.\nHYMN\nXL. Indra.\nBrink, Xndra juice is shed to make thee joyful loose thy\nBay Steeds; and give thy friends their freedom. ;\nBegin the song, seated in our assembly. Give strength for\nsacrifice to him who singeth.\n2 Brink thou of this whereof at birth, 0 Indra, thou drankest,\nMighty One for power and rapture.\n!\nThe men, the pressing-stones, the cows, the waters have made\nthis Soma ready for thy drinking.\n3 Thefire is kindled, Soma pressed, 0 Indra : let thyBays, best\nto draw, convey thee hither.\nWithminddevoted, Indra, I invokethee. Come, for ourgreat\nprosperity approach us.\n4 Indra, come hither evermore thou earnest through our great\n:\nstrong desire to drink the Soma.\nListen and hear the prayers which now we offer, and let this\nsacrifice increase thy vigour.\n5 Mayst thou, 0 Indra, on the day of trial, present or absent,\nwheresoe’er thou dwellest,\nThence, withthyteam, accordantwiththeMaruts, Song-lover\n!\nguard our sacrifice, to help us.\nHYMN\nXLI. Indra.\nComb gracious to our sacrifice, 0 Indra pressed Soma-drops\n:\nare purified to please thee.\nAs cattle seek their home, so, Thunder-wielder, come, Indra,\nfirst of those who claim our worship.\n2 With that well-formed most wide extending palate, wherewith\nthou ever drinkest streams of sweetness,\nBrink thou ; the Adhvaryu standeth up before thee : let thy\nspoil-winning thunderboltattend thee.\n4 Nave usedbysynecdocheforchariot,\n1 Thyfriends; thydearhorses.\n—\n1 Gracious: moreliterally, (withoutanger.’ 4Unirascihle,’ Wilson,\n2 TheAdhvaryu\n;\ntheministeringpriest."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 594,
            "content": ": ; .\n600 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK YL\n3 This drop, steer-strong and omniform, the Soma, hath been\nmade ready forthe Bull, for Indra.\nDrink this, Lord of the Bays, thou Strong Supporter, this\nthat is thine of old, thy food for ever.\n4 Soma whenpressed excelsthe nnpressed Soma, better, for one\nwho knows, to give him pleasure.\nCome to this sacrifice of ours, O Victor : replenish all thy\npowers with this libation.\n5 We call on thee, 0 Indra : comethouhither : sufficient be the\nSomaforthy body.\nBejoicethee, Satakratu\n!\ninthejuices\n:\nguardusinwars, guard\nus among our people.\nHYMN XLIL Indra.\nBring sacrificialgiftstohim, Omniscient, forhelongsto drink,\nThe Wandererwhocomeswithspeed, the Hero everinthevan.\n2 With Soma go ye nigh to him chief drinker of the Soma's\njuice\nWithbeakers to the Impetuous God, to Indra with the drops\neffused.\n3 What time, with Soma, with the juice effused, ye come before\nthe God,\nFull wise he knows thehope of each, and, Bold One, strikes\nthis foe and that.\n4 To him, Adhvaryu yea, to him give offerings of the juice\n!\nexpressed.\nWill he not keep us safely from the spiteful curse of each\npresumptuous high-born foe1\nHYMN\nXLIII, Indra.\nIn whose wild joy thou madest onceSambaraDivod&sa's prey,\nThis Soma is pressed out for thee, 0 Indra : drink !\n3 Supporter: sth&tar—StatorinJupiterStator, one who causestostay or\nstand, rallierof meninbattle.\n4 Replenishallthypowers : or, ‘giveusallpowersinfull.*\n6 Satakratu ; Lordof ahundred,i. e, countless, powers.\n3 Strikes this foeandthat there is nosubstantive in the text. S&yana\nmakes tdmtamrefertokdmam, hopeor wish: ‘And the suppresser (of ene-\nmies)assuredlygrantsit,whateveritmaybe.’—Wilson.\n1 Scmibara: ademonof draught. Divoddsa; calledalsoAtithigva: fThou\nfs oa rve ads pt reK yu .t ’s —a I.w 5h 1e .n 6.Sushnawassmittendown : toAtithigva gavestS *ambara"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 595,
            "content": ": ; :\nHYMN 44J TMM RtGTEDA. 601\n2 Whose gladdening draught, shed from the points, thou guard-\nest in the midst and end,\nThis Soma is pressed out for thee, 0 Indra : drink ! %\n3 In whose wild joy thou settest free the kine held fast within\nthe rock,\nThis Soma is pressed out for thee, 0 Indra drink\n: !\n4 This, in whose juice delighting thou gainest the might of\nMaghavan,\nThis Soma is pressed out for thee, 0 Indra drink\n: !\nHYMN\nXLIY.\nIndra.\nThat which is wealthiest, Wealthy God ! in splendours most\nillustrious,\nSoma is pressed : thy gladdening draught, Indra ! libation’s\nLord ! is this.\n2 Effectual, Most Effectual One ! thine, as bestowing wealth of\nhymns,\nSoma is pressed thy gladdening draught, Indra libation’s\n: !\nLord ! is this.\n3 Wherewiththou artincreasedinstrength, andconquerestwith\nthy proper aids,\nSoma is pressed : thy gladdening draught, Indra ! libation’s\nLord ! is this.\n4 Him for your sake I glorify as Lord of Strength who wrong-\neth none,\nThe Hero Indra, conquering all, Most Bounteous, God of all\nthe tribes.\n5 Those Goddesses, both Heaven and Earth, revere the power\nand might of him,\nHimwhomoursongs increase in strength, the Lord of bounty\nswift to come.\n6 To seat your Indra, I will spread abroad with power this song\nof praise.\nThe saving succours that abide in him, like songs, extend\nand grow.\n2 From the points: from the sharpendsof the branchletsof the plant.\nSee Hillebrandt, V. Mythologie, p. 282. In the midst and end according\nto S&yana,atnoonandattheeveninglibation.\n4 Gainestthemightof Maghavan Indraacquires hispowerfromlibations\nof Somajuice.\n6 ToseatyourIndra asIndra’sseatisonthe barhisor sacred grass that\nisspreadonthe floorof the chamberof sacrifice, so the hymn also, as his\nspiritualseat, issupposedtohavethejpowerof inducinghim to come."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 596,
            "content": ": ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK 7L\n602\n7 A recentFriend, lie found the skilful priest : he drank, and\nshowed forth treasure fromthe Gods.\nHe conquered, borne by strong all-shaking mares, and was\nwith far-spread power his friends’ Protector.\n8 In course of Law the sapient juice was quaffed : the Deities\nto glory turned their mind.\nWinning through hymns a lofty title, he, the Lovely, made\nhis beauteous form apparent.\n9 Bestow on us the most illustrious strength : ward off men’s\nmanifold malignities.\nGive with thy might abundant vital force, and aid us gra-\nciously in gaining riches.\n10 We turn to thee as Giver, liberal Indra. Lord of the Bay\nSteeds, be not thou ungracious.\nNo friend among mankind have we to look to: whyhavemen\ncalled thee him who spurs the niggard?\n11 Give us not up, Strong Hero ! to the hungry : unharmed be\nwe whom thou, so rich, befriendest.\nFull many a boon hast thou for men demolish those who\n:\npresent no gifts nor pour oblations.\n12 As Indra thundering impels the rain-clouds, so doth he send\nus store of kine and horses.\nThou artof oldtheCherisher of singers : let not the rich who\nbring no gifts deceive thee.\n—\n13 Adhv —aryu, hero, bring to mighty Indra for heis King there-\nof the pressed-outjuices\nTohimexaltedbythehymnsand praises, ancient and modern,\nof the singing Rishis.\n14 In the wild joy of thishathIndra, knowingfull many a form,\nstruck down resistless Vritras.\n7 Hefou —ndthe skilful priest; *Indra appreciates him who is skilled (in\nholyrites).’ Wilson.\n”\nT 1h 1ewordyashtdram ,sacrificesissuppliedbySftyana.\nBornehi ' .. ‘ .* this is S&yana’s first explanation of\ns bt ha iu hl ,&b fh wi ir\nthmares/\nbej i,ngunders‘ tood.plur fa Bl rs oi un gt hh te bi yns ht ir su rm oe bn ut sa tlc aa gs ie t, atv oc ri sdav (d o-\nf\nthe earth, his steeds)/—Wilson. Or, S&yana says, although the wordsare\nfeminine, the Marutamaybeintended. Otherconjecturalexplanations have\nbeenattempted,butthey arenotconvincing.\n10 Whospurstheniggard urges even the niggardly to be liberal. See\nPischel, VedischeStudien, I. p. 124.\n12 The Cherisherofsingers: or, fhewhomthesingers nourish/ that is,\nstrengthenbytheirhymns.\n14 Knowingfullmanyaform ; detectingandnotdeceived bythe various\nformsassumedbythedemonYritraandhis crew."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 597,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMN 44,] THE X2GVEDA. 603\nProclaim aloud to him the savoury Soma so that the Hero,\nstrong of jaw, may drink it.\n15 May Indra drink this Soma poured to please him, and cheered\ntherewith slay Yritra with his thunder.\nCome to our sacrifice even from a distance, good lover of our\nsongs, the bard’s Supporter.\n16 The cup whence Indra drinks the draught is present : the\nAmrit dear to Indra hath been drunken,\nThat it may cheer the God to gracious favour, and keep far\nfrom us hatred and affliction.\n17 Therewith enraptured, Hero, slay our foemen, the unfriendly,\nMaghavan be they kin or strangers,\n!\nThose who still aim their hostile darts to smite us, turn them\nto flight, 0 Indra, crush and kill them.\n18 0 Indra Maghavan, in these our battles win easy paths for\nus and ample freedom.\nThat we may gainwatersand seed and offspring, set thou our\nprinces on thy side, 0 Tndra.\n19 Let thy Bay Stallions, harnessed, bring thee hither, Steeds\nwith strong chariot and strong reins to hold them,\nStrong Horses, speeding hither, bearing thunder, well-harness-\ned, for the strong exciting potion.\n20 Beside the vat, Strong God stand thy strong Horses, shining\n!\nwith holy oil, like waves exulting.\nIndra, they bring to thee, the Strong and Mighty, Soma of\njuices shed by mighty press-stones.\n21 Thou art the Bull of earth, the Bull of heaven, Bull of the\nrivers, Bull of standing waters.\nFor thee, the Strong, 0 Bull,hathInduswollen,juicepleasant,\nsweet to drink, for thine election.\n22 This God, with might, when first hehad his being,with Indra\nfor ally, held fast the Pani.\nThis Indu stole away the warlike weapons, and foiled the arts\nof his malignant father.\n15 Thebard's Supporter or, ‘whomsingersnourish/ asin stanza 12.\n19 Inthisand the twofollowing stanzaswehavetherepetition,sodearto\ncso om me moo nf lythe apY pe ld ii edo ip noe tt hs, eo hf yv mr nis sha toin lic vo im np gos bi et ii no gn s, av nr dis th ha in nga snd prv er ei ms ih na eb nhc t?, fs oo\nr\nstrength.\n22 ThisGod: InduorSoma, theMoon. Ofhismalignantfathei* Tvashtar\nappearstobemeant. S&yana’sparaphraseis—non-natural: ‘ofthemalignant\nsecreterof (thestolen) wealth, (the cattle).’ Wilson. S&yana makespitnh,\nasderivedfrompd,toprotect,—pdlayituh, ethesafekeeper/ ands =Lat.\nsiit, fof his property.’ This safekeeper, secreter, and robber wouldbethe\ndemonVala."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 598,
            "content": ":: : : :\nM# StMm\nOP boot tt\n604 t\n23 The Dawns he wedded to a glorious Consent, and set Within\nthe Sun the light thatlights him.\nHe found in heaven, in the tliii'd lucid regions, the threefold\nAmrit in its close concealment.\n24 He stayed and held theheaven and earthasunder : the chariot\nwith the sevenfold reins he harnessed.\nThis Soma set with power within the milch-kine a spring\nwhose ripe contents ten fingers empty.\nHYMN XLY.\nIndra.\nThat* Indra is our youthful Friend, who wi^th his trusty\nguidance led\nTurvasa, Yadu from afar.\n2 Eventothe dullanduninspiredIndragivesvitalpower,andwins\nEven with slow steed th« offered prize.\n3 Greatarehiswaysof guidingus, andmanifold arehis eulogies:\nHiskindprotections never fail.\n4 Friends, sing your psalm and offer praise to him to whom the\nprayer is brought\nFor our great Providenceishe.\n5 Tho1u, Slaughterer of Yritra, art Guardian and Friend of one\nand two,\nYea, of a man like one of us.\n6 Beyond men’s hate thou leadest us, and givest causeto sing\nthy praise\nGood Hero art thou called by men.\n7 I call with hymns, as ’twere a cow to milk, the Friend who\nmerits praise,\nThe Brahman who accepts the prayer.\n23 GloriousConsort theSun. Inthethirdlucidregions:perhaps,asPro-\nfessor Ludwig suggests,inthe spheresof theSun, theMoon, andthestars.\n1Accordingto the scholiast, this may merelymeanthat the Somabecomes\nasitwere ambrosia when received or concealedin the vesselsat thethree\ndiurnalceremonies, which ambrosiais proper —lydeposited withthegodsabid-\ninginthethirdbrightsphere,orinheaven.’ Wilson.\n24 Thechariot: oftheSun,drawnby sevenhorses. Whose ripe contents\nten fingenempty ; thisappears to hethe meaningof thepakvam dasayan-\ntramtitsam of thetext, literally, e—theripe springwithtenengines.5 * cThe\nmature deeply-organizedsecretion.’ Wilson.\n1 Turvasa, Yadu the names of thesetwo eponymiof Aryan tribesare\nfrequently associated. SeeIndex. Anexpedition against Divodasaappears\ntobe referred to.\n2 Evento thedulland uninspired he favourswhomhewill,and therace\nisnotalwaystotheswift.\n7 As truere a cototo milk:likethecowthatisbrought togive the milk\nthatistobemingledwith theSomalibation. TheBrahman: Indraregarded\nasaPriest*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 599,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 45.] TEE RTGYEDA. 60S\n8 Him in whose hands they say are stored alltreasuresfrom the\ndays of old,\nThe Hero, conquering inthe fight,\n9 Lord of Strength, Caster of the Stone, destroy the firm forts\nbuilt by men,\nAnd foil their arts, unbending God\n!\n10 Thee, thee as such, 0 Lord of Power, 0 Indra, Soma-drinker,\ntrue,\nWe, fain for glory, have invoked.\n11 Such as thou wast of old, and art now to be called on when\nthe prize\nLies ready, listen to our call.\n12 With hymns and coursers we wili gain, Indra, through thee,\nboth steeds and spoil\nMost glorious, and the proffered prize.\n13 Thou, Indra, Loverof the Song, whom men must stir to help,\nhast been\nGreat in thecontest for theprize.\nH\nSlayer of foes, whatever aid of thine imparts the swiftest\ncourse,\nWith that impel our car to speed.\n15 As skilfullest of those who drive the chariot, with our art\nand aim,\n0 Conqueror, win the proffered prize.\n16 Praise him who, Matchless and Alone, was born the Lord of\nliving men,\nMost active, with heroic soul.\n17 Thou who hast been the singers’ Friend, a Friend auspicious\nwith thine aid,\nAs such, 0 Indra, favour us,\n18 Grasp in thine arms the thunderbolt, 0 Thunder-armed, to\nslay the fiends\nMayst thou subdue the foemen’s host,\n19 1 call the ancient Friend, allied with wealth, who speeds the\nlowly man,\nHim to whom chiefly prayer is brought.\n20 For healoneisLordofall the treasuresofthe earth*he speeds\nHither, chief Lover of the Song,\n11 When the prizelies ready:tobegiven tothe victorinthechariot race,\nthechief object ofthe hymn beingto secure victory in the approaching\ncontestthrough thefavour oftheGod,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 600,
            "content": ": :\n606 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VL\n21 So with thy yoked teams satisfy our wish with power and\nwealth in steeds\nAnd cattle, boldly, Lord of kine\n!\n,22 Sing this, whattime the juice is pressed, to him your Hero,\nMuch-invoked,\nTo please him as a mighty Steer.\n23 He, Excellent, withholdeth not his gift of power and wealth\nin kine,\nWhen he hath listened to our songs.\n24 May he with might unclose for us the cow’s stall, whosesoe’er\nit.be,\nTo which the Dasyu-slayer goes.\n25 0 Indra Satakratu, these our songs have called aloud to thee,\nLike mother cows to meet their calves.\n26 Hard is thy love to win : thou art a Steer to him who longs\nfor steers\nBe to one craving steeds a Steed.\n27 Delight thee with the juice we pour for thine own great\nmunificence\n:\nYield not thy singer toreproach.\n28 These songs withevery draught vTe poxir come, Lover of the\nSong, to thee,\nAs milch-kine hasten to their young\n:\n29 To thee most oft invoked, amid the many singers’ rivalry\nWho beg with all their might forwrealth.\n30 Nearest and most attractive may our laud, 0 Indra, come\nto thee.\nUrge thou us on to ample wealth.\n31 Bribuhathsethimselfabovethe Panis, o’ertheirhighesthead,\nLike the wide bush on Ganges bank.\n24 Wkosesoe’eritbe:themeaningofhuvitsasyahereissomewhatuncertain.\nS&yana explains itas, of Kuvitsa, acertain person who does much harm.\nThemeaning appears to be, mayIndraopen forusthecow-stall andgiveus\nthecattleof any Dasyuwhomhe, thatis, weunderhisguidance, mayattack.\n26 ThouartaSteer: gavdm —praddtd, ‘agiverofcattle.’— S&yana. A Steed;\nasvapraduk agiverofhorses. S&yaiia.\n,\n27 Thisstanzaisrepeated, wordforword, fromIII.41. 6.\n31 Bribu accordingtoS&yana, thecarpenterorartificerofthePanis.\nThePanishereare,in accordancewith theoriginal meaningofthewords,\nmerchantsortraders, andthemerchant Bribuiseulogizedfor his pietyand\nliberality, qualitieswhich were not theusual characteristicsof theclassto\nwhich hebelonged. Alegend, referredto by S&yana, and recorded inthe\nMdnavadharma-sdstraorLawsofManic,10,107,relatesthatBharadv&ja,when\ndistressed by hunger in a lonely forest, accepted many cows from the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 601,
            "content": "MYMX 46.] THE MOVE DA. 60T\n32 He whose good bounty, thousandfold, swift as therushing of\nthe wind,\nSuddenly offers as a gift.\n33 So all our singers ever praise the pious Bribu's noble deed,\nChief, best to give his thousands, best to give a thousand\nliberal gifts.\nHYMN\nXLVI. Indra,\nThat we may win us wealth and power we poets, verily, call\non thee\n:\nIn war men call on thee, Indra, thehero's Lord, in the steed's\nrace-course call on thee.\n2 As such, 0 Wonderful, whose hand holds thunder, praised as\nmighty, Caster of the Stone *\n!\nPour on us boldly, Indra, kine and chariot-steeds, ever to be\nthe conqueror's strength.\n3 We call upon that Indra, who, mostactive, everslays the foe;\nLord of the brave, Most Manly, with a thousand powers, help\nthou and prosper usin fight.\n4 Bichtshama, thou forcest men as with a bull, with anger, in\nthe furious fz'ay.\nBe thou our Helper in the mighty battle fought for sunlight,\nwater, and for life.\n5 0 Indra, bring us name and fame, enriching, mightiest,\nexcellent,\nWherewith, 0 Wondrous God, fair-visored, thunder-armed,\nthouhast filled full this earth and heaven.\ncarpenterBribu themoralbeingthatmenofinferiorcaste andlowcondition\nmaydistinguish; themselves bytheirliberality. See Wilson’sNote, Vol. HI.\nap. s4 o6 n6 e. wT oh re dwi id ne stb eu as dh o; fth ue nb te hlt ko af ksu hn ud he ,rw ao no dd. exO pt lh ae ir ns iw to au sl td here na ad mu eru ofha ahs mh aa nh\n,\nson ofa womancalled Gangft.\n33 Chief: sdri, asinstitutorofthesacrifice. See, on stanzaKs 31—33, Prof.\nWeber’s Epischesimvedischen Iiitual (Sitzungsberichte der P. Akadeinie\nderWissenschaften, XXXVIII. pp.28sqq.), andM, Muller,ChipsfromaGer-\nmanWorkshop, IV. 138 (newedition).\n3 Withathousandpowers:sahasramushlca,literally,milletesticuloshabens.\nThereading ofthe Sdmaveda, stihawamanyo, full ofboundless ardour, is,as\nProfessor Ludwigremarks,muchmoreaesthetic.\n4 Mchishama : or,worthyofpraise ! Butthe exactmeaningoftheepithet\nissomewhatuncertain.\n5 Fair-visored; or, fairofcheek."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 602,
            "content": "—\n: : ;\n608 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VL\n6 We call on thee, 0 King, Mighty amid the Gods, Euler of\nmen, to succour us.\nAll that is weak in us, Excellent God, make firm : make our\nfoes easy to subdue.\n7 All strength and valour that is found, Indra, in tribes of Na-\nhushas, and all the splendidfamethattheFiveTribes enjoy,\nBring, yea, all manly powers at once.\n8 Or, Maghavan, what vigorous strength in Trikshi lay, in Dru-\nhyus or in Puru’s folk,\nFully bestow on us, that, in the conquering fray, we may\nsubdue our foes in fight.\n9 0 Indra, grant a happy home, a triple refuge triply strong.\nBestow a dwelling-place on the rich lords and me, and keep\nthy dart afar from these.\n10 They who with mindsintent on spoil subdue the foe, boldly\nattack and smitehim down,\nFrom these, 0 Indra Maghavan who lovest song, be closest\nguardian of our lives.\n11 And now, 0 Indra, strengthen us : come near and aid us in\nthe fight,\nWhat time the feathered shafts are flying in the air, the\narrows with their sharpened points.\n12 \"Give u^, where heroes strain their bodies in the fight, the\nshelter that our fathers loved.\nTo us and to oursons give refuge ; keep afar all unobserved\nhostility,\n13 When, Indra, in the mighty fray thou urgest chargers totheir\nspeed,\nOn the uneven road and ona toilsomepath, likefalcons,eager\nfor renown,\n14 Speeding like rivers rushing down asteep descent, responsive\nto the urging call,\nThat come like birds attracted to the bait, held in by reins in\nboth the driver’s hands.\n7 Nahushas people, apparently distinctfrom thefiveAryan tribes par\nexcellence anddwellerson ornearthe Indus. According to S&yana, human\nbeingsip, general are meant, and ProfessorBoth explainsthe wordas men\ngenerally, butwith the.special senseof stranger,or neighbour. See Muir,\n0. S. Texts,,I. 176, 180,\n8 Trikshi aking so named, says S&yana. Inanotherplace (VIII, 22. 7)\nhehasthepatronymicTr&sadasyava,son,i.e. peerof,Trasadasyu. InJDruhyus\norinPeru'sfolk literally, cinDruhyuorinPuru,’thenamesoftheeponymi\nofthesetribes being usedforthetribesthemselves.\n12 To us and to our sons give refuge; the Commentator takes acMttam\n'-unobserved/ withchardth, andexplains thewordsas farmour unknownby\ntheenemies/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 603,
            "content": ": ! ! ;\nJS7MN 47.] TEE RIGVEDA. 609\nHYMN\nw XLYII. Indra*Etc.\nYea, this is good to taste and full of sweetness, verily it is\nstrong and rich inflavour.\nNo one may conquer Indrainthebattlewhenhehath drunken\nof the draughtwe offer.\n2 Thissweetjuiceherehadmightiestpowertogladden :itbolden-\ned Indra when he slaughtered Vritra,\nWhen he defeated Sambara’s many onslaughts, and batteredi\ndown his nine-and-ninety ramparts.\n3 This stirreth up my voice when I have drunk it; this hath\naroused from sleep my yearning spirit.\nThis Sage hathmeasured out the six expanses from which no\nsingle creature is excluded. 0\nA This, even this, is he who hath created the breadth of earth,\nthe lofty height of heaven.\nHe formed the nectar in threeheadlongrivers. Soma supports\nthe wide mid-air above us.\n5 He found the wavy sea of brilliant colours in forefront of the\nDawns who dwell in brightness.\nThis Mighty One, the Steer begirt by Maruts, hath propped\nthe heavens up with a mighty pillar.\n6 Drink Soma boldly from the beaker, Indra, in war for trea-\nsures, Hero, Vritra-slayer\nEill thyselffull at the mid-day libation, and give us wealth,\nthou Treasury of riches.\n7 Look out for us, 0 Indra, as our Leader, and guide ns on to\ngain yet goodlier treasure.\nExcellent Guardian, bear us well through peril,and leadus on\nto wealth with careful guidance.\n8 Lead us to ample room, 0 thou who knowest, to happiness,\nsecurity, and sunlight.\nHigh, Indra, are the arms of thee theMighty : maywe betake\nus to theirlofty shelter.\n9 Set us on widest chariot-seat, O Indra, with two steeds best\nto draw, 0 Lord of Hundreds\n3 This Sage hathmeasured out the creative acts of Indraareascribed to\nSomawhich inspiritshim toperform them. Thesix expanses, are thetwo\nw toor tl hd es, Ch oe ma mv ee nn taa tn od r,ea hr et ah v, ena ,nd eart th he ,t dh ar ye ,e nis gu hb td ,iv wi as ti eo rn ,s aof nde pa lc ah nt; so .r,according\n4 Inthreeheadlongrivers:perhapsthethreeunknownriversAnjatt,Kuli^i,\nandVir'apatnJ,of1,104. 4, whichBenfeyconsiderstobepersonificationsofthe\nc pl oso iu td es\nd;\ntb heut at mh be rom se ia ani inng ito sf tt hh re eeha pl rf id nci in pe ai ls (u rn ec cee pr tt aa ci ln e. s).’*—Th Wi is lsoS no ,ma Sh oa ms ade i-\nn\nstanzas4 and5isprobablytheMoon-God. ,\n39"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 604,
            "content": "610 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 71.\nBring us the best among all sorts of viands ; let not the foe’s\nwealth, Maghavan, subdue us,\n10 Be gracious, Indra, let my days be lengthened sharpen my\n:\nthought as ’twere a blade of iron.\nApprove whatever words Ispeak, dependentonthee, andgrant\nme thy divine protection.\n11 Indra the Bescuer, Indra the Helper, Hero wholistens at each\ninvocation,\nSakra I call, Indra invoked of many. May Indra Maghavan\nprosper and bless us.\n12 May helpful Indra as our goodProtector, Lord ofalltreasures,\nfavour us with succour,\nBaffle our foes, and givers rest and safety, and may we be\nthe lords of hero vigour.\n13 May we enjoy the grace of him the Holy, yea, may we dwell\nin his auspicious favour.'\nMay helpful Indra as our good Preserver drive from us, even\nfromafar, ourfoemen,\n14 Like rivers rushing down a slope, 0 Indra, tothee haste songs\nandprayers and linkedverses.\nThou gatherest, Thunderer like wide-spread bounty, kine,\n!\nwater, drops, and manifold libations.\n15 Who lauds him, satisfies him, pays him worship? E’en the\nrich noble still hath found him mighty.\nWith power, as when one moves his feet alternate, he makes\nthe last precede, the foremost follow.\n16 Famed is the Hero as each strong man’stamer,everadvancing\none and then another.\nKing ofboth worlds, hating the high and haughty, Indra pro-\ntects the men who are his people.\n17 He loves no more themen he loved aforetime he turns and\n;\nmoves away allied with others.\nRejecting those who disregard his worship, Indra victorious\nlives through many autumns.\n9 Let not thefoe's wealth , Maghavan , subdue us: it seems necessary to\nfollowProfessor Lridwigintaking vftyahinthe pluralas the subjectofthe\nsingular verb tdrtt. Other examples of such an irregularity are foundin\ntheVeda.\n18 Thisstanza is apparently theconclusionof theoriginalhymn anew\nhymn orfragmentofahymn beginswiththefollowingstanza.—Ludwi;g.\n15 Withpower; herulesthe fortunes of men according to his pleasure,\nsettinguponeandputtingdownanother,makingthefirstlastandthelastfirst."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 605,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 47:] THE MIGVMSA > 611\n18 In every figure lie hath been the model : this is his only form\nfor us to look on.\nIndra moves multiform by his illusions for his Bay Steeds\n)\nare yoked, ten times a hundred.\n19 HereTvashtar,yokingto thecartheBaySteeds, hath extended\nsway.\nWho will for ever stand upon the foeman’s side, even when\nour princes sit at ease2\n20 Gods, we have reached a country void of pasture the land,\n:\nthough spacious, was too small to hold us.\nBrihaspati, provide in war for cattle find a path, Indra, for\n;\nthis faithful singer.\n21 Day after day far from their seatjie drove them, alike, from\nplace to place, those darksome creatures.\nThe Hero slew the meanly-huckstering Diisas, Varchin and\nSambara, where the watei's gather.\n22 Out of thy bounty, Indra, hath Prastoka bestowed ten coffers\nand ten mettled horses.\nWe have received in turn from Divod&sa Sambara’s wealth, the\ngift of Atithigva.\n23 Tenhorsesandtentreasure-chests,tengarmentsasanaddedgift,\nThese and ten lumps of gold' have I received from Divodasa's\nhand.\n24 Ten cars with extra steed to each, for the Atharvans hundred\ncows,\nHath Asvatlia to Payu given.\n18 *Indrapresents himselfas Agni, Vishnu orRudra or any other deity\nwho is the actual objectofworship, andisre, allythedet ityto beadored : he\nisidentifiablewith each.’—Wilson.\nTentimesahundred: eHischariotsand horsesaremultiplied according to\nthe forms in which he manifestshimself : agreeablyto the Vaiddvtlkinter*\npretationofthestanza,Indraishere—identifiedwithParameswara,thesupreme\nfirstcause,identicalwithcreation.’ Wilson.\n19 Tvashtar supposedby the Commentatorto be identified with Indra\nbut this is unnecessary. The sway may be merely the authority which;\nTvashtarexercisesinyoking thechariot-steedsforIndra.\nWho will for everstanduponthefoeman'sside? thatis, Indrawillnotal-.\nwaysfavourour—enemies, even when, asis now the case, our nobles are not\nengagedinwar. Ludwig.\n21 Indraisrepresentedashavingputtoflightthedarkaboriginesandslain\ntheniggardlydemonsorsavagesYarohin and Sambara. See IV. 80. 14, IS.\n22 Prastoha Divoddsa andAtithigvaarenamesofoneandthesameprince^\nwhois oalledal, soAsvathaf, andS&rnjayaorson ofSrinjaya,\n24 For the Atharvans; for the Rishis of the family of Atharvan, says\nS&yana. Prfyu: thebrotherof GargatheRishiofthehymn.\nThisstanzaconsistsof twoPitdasonlyinstead offour."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 606,
            "content": "—\n*, : : ;\nnmm\n612 THE OF [nO'OK VL\n25 Thus Srinjaya’s son honoured the Bharadvajas, recipients of\nall noble gifts and bounty.\n26 Lord ofthe wood, be fifth and strong in body : be, bearing us,\na brave victorious hero. \\ '\nShow forth thy strength, compact with straps of leather, and\nlet thy rider win all spoils of battle.\n27 Its mighty strength was borrowedfrom theheaven andearth :\nits conquering force was brought from sovrans ofthe wood.\nHonourwith holygifts theCarlike Indra’sbolt, theCarbound\nround with straps, the vigour of the floods.\n28 Thou Bolt of Indra, Vanguard of the Maruts, close knit to\nVaruna and Child of Mitra,\nAs such, acceptinggifts whichhere weoffer, receive, 0 Godlike\nChariot, these oblations.\n29 Send forth thy voice aloud through earth and heaven, and let\nthe world in all its breadth regard thee\n0 Drum, accordant with the Gods and Indra, drive thou afar,\nyea, very far, our foemen.\n30 Thunder out strength and fill us full ofvigour yea, thunder\nforth and drive away all dangers. :\nDrive hence, 0 War-drum, drive away misfortune thou art\n:\nthe Fist of Indra show thy firmness.\n:\n31 Drive hither those, and these again bring hither; the War-\ndrum speaks aloud as battle’s signal.\nOurheroes, winged with horses, cometogether. Let our car-\nwarriors, Indra, be triumphant.\nHYMN XLVI\nII. Agniand Others.\nSjng to your Agni with each song, at every sacrifice, for\nstrength.\nCome, let us praise the Wise and Everlasting God, even as a\nwelhbelovM Friend,\n26 Lordofthewood ; foresttree, thatis the timber of which the car is\nhiade. This caristhedeifiedobjectofthisandthetwofollowingstanzas.\n29 0 Dmm the dundubhi addressed and glorified in these concluding\nverseBwas asortofloudkettle-drum, likethatstillused.\nty.^ GJra# hve cows,US isund0 e0 rw ss toodwite hn ae mm tiy h,an td hos se en ,d ao nu dr io mfw lfn i,c to hw es seh .omeinsafe-\n• 1 Come,letussing itseemsnecessaryto take thesingular verbwith the\npluralpronoun."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 607,
            "content": "; : ;\nM¥MN 480 mn nmvnbjL, 813\n2 The Son of Strength ; for is he not our gracious Lord 1 Let\nus serve him who bears our gifts.\nIn battle may he be our help and strengthened yea, be the\nsaviour of ottr jives.\n3 Agni, thou beamest forth with light, great Hero, never\nchanged by time.\nShining, pure Agni with a lightthat never fades, beam with\n1\nthy fair beams brilliantly.\n4 Thou worshippest great Gods bring them without delay by\n:\nwisdom and thy wondrous power.\n0 Agni, make them turnhither to succour us. Givestrength,\nand win it for thyself.\nh He whom floods, stones, and trees support, the offspring of\neternal Law\nHe who whenrubbed withforce isbrought tolife bymen upon\nthe lofty height of earth\n6 He who hath filled both worlds full with his brilliant shine,\nwho hastens with his smoke to heaven *\nHe made himself apparent through the gloom by night, the\nBed Bull in the darksome nights, the lied Bull in the dark-\nsome nights.\n107 0 Agni, with thy lofty beams, with thy pure brilliancy,\n0 God,\nKindled, Most Youthful One by Bharadvaja’e hand, shine on\n!\nus, 0 pure God, with wealth, shine, Purifier splendidly.\n!\n8 Thou art the Lord of house and home of all the tribes, O\nAgni, of all tribes of men.\nGuardwith a hundredforts thy kindler from distress, through\nhundred winters. Youngest God and those who make thy\n!\nsingers rich.\n9 Wonderful, with thy favouring help, send us thy bounties,\ngracious Lord.\nThou art the Charioteer, Agni, of earthly wealth find rest\n:\nand safety for our seed.\nWith guards unfailing never negligent speed thou ourchild-\nren and our progeny.\nKeep far from us, 0 Agni, all celestial wrath and wickedness\nof godless men.\n2 Whohearsourgifts: conveysoursacrificialofferingstothe Gods.\n5 Floods, stones andtrees thewatersthataremixed withtheSomajuice,\nthepress-stoneswh,ich crushtheplant,andthewood whichproducesthefir®\nbyattritionorfeedsitasfuel. TheUftyheightofearth: thealtar."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 608,
            "content": "; ;\nm\nTRBRYMNS OF [BOOK VI.\nThou, Sage, with bright path, Lord of harnessed horses* impe-\ntuous, promptly honourest the prudent.\n5 That chariot ofthe Asvins, fair to look on, pleaseth me well,\nyoked with a thought, refulgent,\nWherewith; Hasatyas, Chiefs, ye seek our dwelling, to give\nnew strength to usand to-our children,\n6 Lulls of the Earth, 0 Vata and Par janya, stir up for us the\nregions of the water.\nHearers oftruth, ye, Sages, World-Supporters, increase his\nliving wealth whose songs delight you.\n7 So may Sarasvati, the Hero’s Consort, brisk with rare life, the\nlightning’s Child, inspire us,\nAnd, with the Dames accordant, give the singer a refugeunas-\nsailable and flawless. *\n10\n8 I praise with elocpiuence him who guards all pathways. He,\nwhen his love impelledhim, went to Arka.\nMay he vouchsafe us gear with gold to graceit; may Pushan\nmake each prayer of ours effective.\n9 May Herald Agni, fulgent, bring for worship Tvashfcar adored,\nin homes and swift to listen,\nGlorious, first toshare, the life-bestower, the ever active God,\nfair-armed, fair-handed.\nRudra byday,Rudra at night we honour withthese oursongs,\nthe Universe’s Father.\nHim great and lofty, blissful, undecaying let us call specially\nas the Sage impels us.\n6 Bullsofthe Barth: or of Prifchiv! as identified with Prism. Vdtais\nanother name of VAyu, the Wind-God; and JParjani/a is the Bain-cloud\npersonified. Rearersoftmth theMarutsarethusaddressed,as makingtrue\norrealizingtheprayersof mentowhich theylisten. Ifollow S&yana’sinter-\npretationof thesecondhalfof thestanza.\n7 TheHero'sConsort : virdpUni accordingtoS&yana, she whosehusband\nistheheroPraj&pati,or, theprotectressof heroes. The River-GodSarasv&n\norSarasvat ismoreusually considered to be the consortof Sarasvati, who\noriginallyaRiver-Goddess,appearsinthisplacein herlater andpresent-day\ncharacter of the Goddess of learning and eloquence. Seenote, borrowed\nfrom Muir,onI.3 10. TheDames: Gilds, orConsortsof theGods.\n8 Rimwhoguardsallpathways : PCishan, the specialprotectoroftravellers\nandguardianof roadsandpaths. SeeI. 42. Arha: theSun,towhom PCishan\nappears tohavegonebothasanenvoyonbehalfoftheotherGodswhenSfiryd\nwastobe giveninmarriage*andasasuitoronhisownaccount, Surya,itmay\nberemembered, chosetheAsvinstobeherh—usbands. SeeI. 116. 17. 1follow\nProfessor Pischel (VediseheStudien, I. pp. 1 52)inhisinterpretation of this\ndifficult stanza.\n10 TheSage;thewise,thatis,wisdom-giving, Soma,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 609,
            "content": "—\n: : ; ;\nEFMN 50.} THE MIGVEJ>A . 61?\n11 Ye who are youthful, wise* and meet for worship, come,\nMaruts, to the longing of the singer.\nGoming, as erst toAngiras, 0 Heroes, ye animateandquicken\ne’en the desert.\n12 Even as the herdsman driveth home his cattle, I urge my\nsongs to him the strong swift Hero.\nMay he, the glorious, lay upon his body the singer’s hymns,\nasstars bedeck the heaven.\n13 He who for man’s behoof in his affliction thrice measured out\nthe earthly regions, Vishnu\nWhen one so great as thou affordeth shelter, may we with\nwealth and with ourselves be happy.\n14 Sweet be this song of mine to Alybudhnya, Parvata, Savitaif,\nwith Floods and Lightnings\nSweet, with the Plants, to Gods who seek oblations. May\nliberal Bhaga speed us on to riches.\n15 Give riches borne on cars, with many heroes, contenting men,\nthe guard of mighty Order.\nGive us a lasting home that we may battle with godless bands\nof men who fight against us, and meet with tribes to whom\nthe Gods are gracious.\nHYMN\nL. Visvedevas.\nI call with prayers onAditi your Goddess, on Agni, Mitra,\nVaruna for favour,\nOn Aryaman who gives unasked, the gracious, on Gods who\nsave, on Savitar and Bhaga.\n2 Visit, to prove us free from sin, 0 Surya, Lord of greatmight,\nthe bright Gods sprung from Daksha,\nTwice-born and true, observing sacred duties, Holy and full of\nlight, whose tongue is Agni.\n—\n11 As ers—ttoAngiras: angirasvdt 1likerays(of—light).’ Wilson; Gibethe\nAngirasas.’ Roth ‘like messengersofthe Gods.’ Grassmann.\n12 The strong s; wift Eero Vishnu seems to be intended, andnot the\ncompanyof Maruts as S&yana explains the passage, taking virttyaas an'\nadjective=heroicorpowerful.\n14 Ahibudhnya theDragon of theDeep, or *leviathan of the Sea of\nHeaven,’ the distant, invisible and deified being who presides over the\nfirmament.\nthe15 laT wh -e org du aa ir nd edof sam ci rg ifh it cy es.Ord Te or : whth oe mwe tha elt Gh ot dh sat areen ga rb al ce is oum se :n ctt oo wi hn ost mit tu ht ee\nGodscometoacceptlibations.* Ifollow S&yanainthus distinguishingtfdevth\nfromadevih, godless.\n2 Visit, toproveus freefromsin.* visitandinvite the Gods to come and\nbearwitnesstoourinnocencebefore theall-seeing Sun, Theword andgdstvc"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 610,
            "content": "; ; : n\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI\n318\n3 And 0 ye Heaven and Earth, a wide dominion, 0 ye most\nbli, ssful Worlds, our lofty shelter,\nGive ample room and freedom for our dwelling, a home, ye\nHemispheres, which none may rival.\n4 This day invited may the Sons of Rudra, resistless, excellent,\nstoop down to meet us\nFor, when beset with slig; ht or sore affliction, we evercallupon\nthe Gods, the Maruts\n5 To whom the Goddess Eodasi clings closely, whom Pushan\nfollows bringing ample bounty.\nWhat time ye hear our call and come, 0 Maruts, upon your\nseparate path all creatures tremble.\n6 With a new hymn extol,J3 thou who singest, the Lover of the\nSong, the Hero Indra,\nMay he, exalted, hear our invocation, and grant us mighty\nwealth and strength when lauded.\n7 Give full protection, Friends of man, ye Waters, in peace and\ntrouble, to our sons and grandsons.\nForye are ourmost motherly physicians, parents of all that\n•standeth, all that moveth.\n5 May Savitarcomehitherandapproachus, the Godwhorescues,\nHoly, golden-handed,\nThe God who, bounteous as the face of Morning, discloses\nprecious gifts forhim who worships.\n9 And thou, 0 Son of Strength, do thou turn hither the Gods\nto-day to this our holy service.\nMay I for evermore enjoy thy bounty, and, Agni, by thy\ngrace berich in heroes.\n10 Gome also tomy call, 0 ye N&satyas, yea, verily, through my\nprayers, ye Holy Sages.\nAs from great darkness ye delivered Atri, protect us, Chiefs,\nfrom danger in the conflict.\ninthelocativecase(insinlessness)isusedwith ‘ d“j:vo-Lr.'Vs Sprung,\nfrom Daksha: DakshaisacreativePowerassoc:..:.*.-.i i: \\ ii i.; 1therefore\nsometimes identified with Praj&pati. S&yana explains ddkshapitrbi in his\ncommentaryonVII. 6*6. 2, as *preserversorlordsofstrength,’ and the com-\npound may mean Lordsofvigour,orfathers ofstrengthin thispassagealso.\nTwice-born: havingtwo birthsormanifestations, dwelling inheaven and ap-\npearingalsoonearth. Whosetongueis Agni who consumeoblationsbymeans\noffire.\n3 YeHemispheres : dhishane; literally, ‘twobowls,’ afrequently-occurring\nexpression forheavenand earth.\n5Eodasi the Consort ofKudra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 611,
            "content": ": : ; ;\nHYMN 51.] * THE RIGYEDA . 61&\n110\nGods, bestow.,upon us riches, splendid with strength and\nheroes, bringing food in plenty.\n' Be gracious, helpful Gods of earth, of heaven, bom of the Cow,\nand dwellers in the waters.\n12 May Budra and Sarasvati, accordant, Vishnu and Vayu, pour\ndown gifts and bless us\nBibhukshan, Vaja, and divine Vidhatar, Parjanya, Vata make\nour food abundant.\n13 May this God Savitar, th.eLoi*d, the Offspring of Waters, pour-\ning down his dew be gracious,\nAnd, with the Gods and Dames accordant, Tvashtar; Dyaus\nwith the Gods and Prithivi with oceans.\n14 May Aja-Ekapad and Ahibudhnya, and Earth and Ocean hear\nour invocation\nAll Gods who strengthen Law, invoked and lauded, and holy\ntexts uttered by sages, help us.\n15 So with my thoughts and hymns of praise the children of\nBharadvaja sing aloud to please you.\nThe Dames invoked, and the resistless Vasus, and all ye Holy\nOnes have been exalted.\nHYMN\n. LI. Visvedevas.\nThat mighty eye of Vanina and Mitra, infallible and dear, is\nmoving upward.\nThe pure and lovely face ofholy Order hath shone like gold of\nheaven in its arising.\n11 BornoftheCow theMaruts,sobsof theOowPrisni,accordingtoSdyana.\nThe Godsofheavenaresaidto bethe Adityas, those of earth theVasus,and\nthoseofwater,thatis, the firmament, theBudras. Bothexplainsgdjdtdh as\neborn ofthestarry heaven.1\n12 Thisandthefour followingstanzasform a newhymn, orarearecapitu-\nlation, with additions, of the preceding verses. Anddivine Vidlidtar: or\n‘thedivineDisposer.’\n14 Aja-Ekapdd accordingtoBoth, probably agenius ofthe storm, 6the\nstormerofonefoot5 SeeII. 31. 6. Butajamaysignify ‘unborn’ratherthan\n1driver,’ andtheSunmaybeintended, inaccordancewiththeexplanationof\nthe Commentators. Aja-Ekapftdiscalledin X. 65. 13. thebearerof heaven,\n‘andthe ascriptionof onefootto the Sun mightbedue to his appearance\nalonein the sky as opposed to the Dawns and the Asvins/ See Wallis,\ntC ho esmo £ul nog by oro nf wt hhe oR hi ag sv oe nd la y, p o. ne5 f1 ootM /. thB ae trg isai tg on so ays ,ay ‘s w:ho‘Aj dwa e- lE lk sa ip nM t, heth se in ngli es\nisolated world, the placeof mystery/ in opposition to thegodwho manifests\nhimselfindiversworlds, toAgn —i orSomaintheirvariousvisibleforms/ See\nLa Religion Vddique, III. pp. 20 25.\n15 S^yanainterpretsthefirstline somewhatdifferently: 1Thusdomy sons\ntheBharadvcljasworship the Godswith saciedritesand hymns/\n1 Eye of Varuna,andMitra ; theSun."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 612,
            "content": ": : ;\n620 f&B 8TMMS OP [BOOK Vt\n2 The Sage whoknows these Oods? three ?&nks and orders, and\nall theirgenerations nearand distant,\nBeholding goad and evil acts of mortals, Sara marks well the\ndoings of the pious,\n3 IpraiseyouGuardsofmightyLaweternal,Aditi,Mitra,Yaruna,\nthe noble,\n1 Aryaman, Bhaga, all whosethoughts arefaithful: hither 1call\nthe Bright who share in common.\n4 Lords of the brave, infallible, foe-destroyers, great Kings, be-*\nStowers of fair homes to dwell in,\nYoung, Heroes, ruling heaven with strong dominion, Adityas,\nAditi I seekwith worship.\n5 0 HeavenourFather, E$rth our guileless Mother, 0 Brother\nAgni, and ye Yasus, bless us.\nGrant us, 0 Aditi and ye Adityas, all of one mind, yourmani-\nfold protection,,\n6 Give us not up to any evil creature, as spoil to wolf or she-\nwolf, 0 ye Holy.\nForye are they who guide aright ourbodies, yeare therulers\nofourspeech and vigour.\n107 Let us not sufferfor the sin of others, nor do the deed which\nye, 0 Yasus, punish.\nYe, Universal Gods\n!\nareall-controllers\n:\nmayhe do harm unto\nhimself who hates me.\n8 Mighty is homage : I adopt and use it. Homage hath held\ninplace the earth and heaven.\nHomage to Gods ! Homage commands and rules them. I\nbanish even committed sin by homage.\n9 You Furtherers of Law, pure in your spirit, infallible, dwel-\nlers in the home of Order,\nTq you all Heroes mighty and far-seeing I how me down, 0\nHoly Ones, with homage.\nFor these are theywho shine withnoblest splendour through\nall our troublesthese conduct us safely— ;\n2 Threeranksandorders accordingtoS&yana,thethreecognizableworlds\norstationsoftheGods,theearthoftheYasus/thefirmamentof theEudras,\nandheavenoftheAdityas. Silva Surya theSun.\na Who share in common : sadhanydh a; ccordingtoS&yana, dhanasaMMn\n1accompaniedbywealth.’ * *\nmc ci oo t tm7 e hm d eL ie b rtt yt oeu rMds u mibn yro y ,t fo 0 as u .u trf hSf ef .e rar t Tf ch ,o oe }r mrs mVt / ih .e t6 ts 6C e.m o dmo wp ‘f ha Mo r et ae nh ye ar IAls s wg. o* ans siTo a, afi rY t beI t aeX i b, r emf8 y e u6 a n. - f bB5 r o. r o rd m* nhL m /to a ho n es ae , siXu nUs w.f hr 7 io . cm h12s . min 3 ys ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 613,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN 52.] TEE RIGVEDA, .621\nVaruira> Mitra, Agni, mighty Rulers, true-minded, faithful to\nthe hymn's controllers.\n11 May they,Earth,Aditi, Indra, Bhaga, Pushanincreaseourlaud,\nincrease the Fivefold people.\nGiving good help, good refuge, goodly guidance, he they our\ngood deliverers, good protectors.\n12 Come now, 0 Gods, to your celestial station the Bhara-\n:\ndv&jas' priest entreats your favour.\nHe, sacrificing, fain for wealth, hath honoured the Gods with\nthose who sit and share oblations.\n13 Agni, drive thou the wicked foe, the evil-hearted thief away,\nFar, far, Lord of the brave! and give us easy paths.\n14 Soma, these pressing-stones have*called aloud to win thee for\nour Friend.\nDestroy the greedy Pani, for a wolf is he.\n15 Ye, 0 most bountiful, are they who, led by Indra, seek the\nsky.\nGive us good paths for travel guard us well at home.\n:\n16 How have we enteredon the road that leads to bliss, without\na foe,\nThe road whereon a man escapes all enemies and gathers\nwealth.\nHYMN\nLII. Visvedevas.\nThis I allow not in the earth or heaven, at sacrifice or in\nthese holy duties.\nMay the huge mountains crush him down degraded be\n:\nAtiyaja's sacrificing patron.\n10 Thehymn's controllers;‘those whoare prominentin (their) praise/\nWilson.\n11 The Fivefol—d People ; pdftcha janfth; the\nfiveAAryantribes\n; 'the five\norders of beings/ Wilson.\n12Thisstanzais difficult, and Idonot thoroughlyunderstandit.\n14 Pani : eitheroneoftheenviousdemonswhostealawaythelight,orthe\navariciousandniggardlytraffickerwhooffersnosacrificestotheGods.\n15 Ye OMost Bountiful allye Gods,\n16 Thef se four concluding stanzas, in changed metres, areaprayer for\nprotectiononajourney. Professor Grassmannbanishesthem, togetherwith\nstanzas 11 and 12, tothe Appendixasbeinginhis opinionlater additions to\nthe originalhymn.\n1 Accordingto S&yaoa. XlijisvancursesarivalIlishiAtiy&ja:butthename\nAtiy&ja (fromutiandyaj)seemstobeemployed expresslytosignify onewho\nover-sacrifices, thatis, sacrifices more than isnecessaryor prescribed,super-\nfluity, aswell asdeficiency, beingafaultthat causes a sacrifice tofail. See\nLudwig,IV, 220."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 614,
            "content": "—\n: !\nmn\nhymns of [book vi\n2 Or he who holds us in contempt, 0 Maruts, or seeks to blame\nthe prayerthat we are making,\nMay agonies of burningbe his portion. May the sky scorch\nthe man whohates devotion.\n3 Why then, 0 Soma, do they call thee keeper of prayer % why\nthenour guardian fromreproaches1\nWhy then beholdest thou how men revile us? Cast thy hot\ndart at him who hates devotion.\n4 May Mornings as they spring to life protect me, and may the\nRivers as they swell preserve me.\nMy guardians be the firmly-seated mountains the Fathers,\n:\nwhen I call on Gods, defendme !\n5 Through all our days we be healthy-minded, andlookup-\non the Sun when he arises.\nGrant this the Treasure-Lord of treasures, coming, observant,\noftenest of Gods, with succour\n6 Most near, most oft comes Indra with protection, and she,\nSarasvati, who swells with rivers\n:\nPaijanya, bringing health with herbs, and Agni, well lauded,\nswifttolisten, like a father.\n7 Hear this mine invocation; come hither, 0 Universal Gods.\nBe seated on this holy grass.\n8 To him who comes to meet you, Gods, with offerings bathed\nin holy oil\nApproach ye, one and all, to him.\n9 All Sons of Immortality shall listen to the songs we sing,\nAnd be exceeding good to us.\n10 May all the Gods who strengthen Law, with Ritus, listening\nto our call,\nBe pleased with their appropriate draught.\n11 May Indra with the Maruthost, Tvashtar, Mitra, Aryaman,\nAccept the laud and these our gifts.\n12 0 Agni, Priest, as rules ordain, offer this sacrifice of ours.\nRemembering the Heavenly Folk.\n3 Soma theMoou*Grod.\ngs ' Asni ’fr0mWll0M '°rthl-oughwhom >a11Mess-'"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 615,
            "content": "—\n;\nHYMN 53.] THE iliaVEDA.\n13 Listen, All-Gods, to this mine invocation, ye who inhabit\nheaven, and air’s mid-regions,\nAll ye, 0 Holy Ones, whose tongue is Agni, seated upon this\nsacred grass, be joyful,\n14 May the All-Gods who claim our worship hear my thought\nmay the two World-halves hear it, and the Waters’ Child.\nLet me not utter words that ye maydisregard. Closelyallied\nwith you may wc rejoice in bliss.\n15 And those who, Mighty, with the wiles of serpents, were bom\non earth, in heaven, where waters gather\nMay they vouchsafe us life of full duration. May the Gods\nkindly give us nights and mornings.\n16 At this my call, 0 Agni and Parjanya, help, swift to hear, my\nthought and our laudation.\nOnegeneratesholy food, the other offspring, so grant us food\nenough with store ofchildren.\n17 When holy grass is strewn and fire enkindled, with hymn, and\nlowly homage I invite you.\nAll-Gods, to day in this our great assembly rejoice, ye Holy-\nin the gifts we offer.\nHYMN LIIL PAsham\nLord ofthe path/O Pushan, we have yoked and bound thee\nto our hymn.\nEven as a car, to win the prize.\n2 Bring us the wealth that men require, a manly masterof a\nhouse,\nFree-handed with the liberal meed.\n3 Even him who would not give, do thou, O glowing Pushan,\nurge to give,\nAnd make the niggard’s soul grow soft.\n* 13 All-Gods: Visve devdh , orUniversal Gods.\n15 Withthewilesof serpents; ahimdijdh; accordingto-Sftyana, *possessed\nof thewisdomorknowledgethatkills.’ Cf. I. 3. 9, note.\n16 Theotheroffspring: Parjanya, thepersonifiedRain-cloud,produces com\nandfoodofferedinsacrifice, andAgnipromotestheprocreation ofchildren.\n1 Lordofthepath: custodian ofroads andguideoftravellers. Towin the\nprize: or, towinuswealth or food.\n2 Master ofa house; ahouseholderwho willinstitute sacrificesand liber-\nallyreward theofficiatingpriests."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 616,
            "content": ": ; : :\nm\nTHK HYMN'S OB [BOOK VI.\nA: Clearpathsthatwemaywintheprize ;scatter ourenemiesafar.\nStrong God, be all our thoughts fulfilled.\n5 Penetrate with an awl, 0 Sage, theheartsof avariciouschurls,\nAnd make them subject to our will.\n6 Thrust with thine awl, 0 Pashan : seek that which the nig-\ngard’sheart holds dear,\nAnd make him subject to our Will.\n7 Tearupandrendinpieces, Sage,theheartsofavai'iciouschurls,\nAnd make them subject to our will.\nS Thou, glowing Pushan, carriest an awl that urges men to\nprayer;\nTherewith do thou tear up and rend to shreds the heart of\nevery one. „\n9 Thou bearest, glowing Lord a goad with horny point that\n!\nguides thecows\nThence do we seek thy gift of bliss.\n10 And make this hymn of ours produce kine, horses, and astore\nof wealth\nFor our delight and use as men.\nHYMN\nLIT. pa8han,\nO PftsHAN, bring us to the man who knows, who shall direct\nus straight,\nAnd sayunto us, Itis here.\n2 May we go forth with Pdslian who shall point the houses out\nto us,\nAnd say to us, These same are they.\n$ Unharmed is Pushan’s chariot wheel ; the box ne’er falleth to\nthe ground,\nItfor doth the loosened fellyshake.\n4 W Wii tn ht ah nep ar wi lze: 4o wr i, tw hi an gu os adw .e ’a —lt Wh i, lso or n.food.\n9 Withhornypoint:theexactmeaningofg6opas&isuncertain. Othersex-\nplainjtas*directorofcattle;' ‘furnishedwithleathernthongs ‘cow tailed/\nThishymnand thefivef —ollowinghavebeen translated by Dr. Muir, Origi-\non fal HySa mn nsk sri Lt IIT Ie ;—xts L, VIV I. .17 i6\nn\nh1 i8 s0. HyP mr no sfe fss ro or mPe tt he ers Jo tn igva el ds ao {g .i Bv oes mba aytra Sn as nl sa kt ri io tn\nSeriesNo. XXXVI).\n1 This stanza, S&yana says,is to be mutteredby onewho seekshis lost\nproperty. Themanwhoknows: thewiseman orwizard.\n2 Thesesamearethey theseare thehousesinwhichthestolen propertyis\nconcealed.\n3 Thebox basket, or innerpart ofthe car. ProfessorWilson, following\nS d& isy ca an ra d, edt ,ra in ts sla et de gs e: ha*T rh me sndi os tcu us s.o ’fP BQ us tha tn hedo te hs rn eo et td he is ngt sroy me; ni tt is os nh ee dat ah reis en vo it\n-\ndentlypartsofPdshan’schariot."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 617,
            "content": "HYMN 55.1 THE RIGVEDA. 625\n4 Pushan forgetteth not the man who seryeth him with offered\ngift:\nThat man is first to gather wealth.\n5 May Pushan follow near onr kine; may Pushan keep our\nhorses safe\n;\nMay Pushan gather gear for us.\n6 Follow the kine of him who pours libations out and worships\nthee\nAnd our; s who sing thee songs of praise.\n7 Let none be lost, none injured, none sink in a pit and break\n10 a limb.\nReturn with these all safe and sound.\n8 Pushan who listens to our prayers, the Strong whose wealth\nis never lost,\nThe Lord of riches, we implore.\n9 Secure in thy protecting care, 0 Pushan, never may we fail\nWe here are they who sing thy praise. :\nFrom out the distance, far and wide, may Pushan stretch his\nright hand forth,\nAnd drive our lost again to us.\nHYMN\nLY.\nPOshan.\nSon of Deliverance, come, bright God ! Let us twain go to-\ngether ; be our charioteer of sacrifice.\n2 We pray for wealth to thee most skilled of charioteers, with\nbraided hair,\nLord of great riches, and our Friend.\n3 Bright Godwhose steedsare goats, thouartastreamofwealth,\na treasure-heap,\nThe Friend of every pious man.\n7 With these ; cows.\n8 Wepray toPOtshanforthesafety ofour propertybecauseheis the Lord\nofwealth hehimselflosesnothingthatishis, and healways listens to our.\n;\nprayers.\nX Son of Deliverance: thatis, 1Deliverer/ onewhogives men ample room\nand freedom. Sftyanaexplains vimuchonapdtin another place as 4offspring\nofthe cloud.’ SeeI. 42. X. Here, hesays, themeaningis, ‘sonofPrajftpati,\nwhoatthecreation sendsforth from himself all creatures/ Roth explains\nvimtickas ‘unyoking’ horsesattheendofajourney, Pushanwouldthenbe\n*the sonofreturn/ the Godwho brings travellers safely home, which is one\nofhis especialfunctions.\n2 Withbraidedhair: kapardina.m; anepithetofRudraalso.. SeeI. 114. 1, *\n3 Whosesteedsaregoats: cf. I. 138. 4.\n40"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 618,
            "content": ": : '\n628 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI.\n4 Pushan, who driveth goats for steeds, the Strong and Mighty,\nwho is called\nHis Sister’slover, willwelaud.\n5 His Mother’ssuitorIaddress. MayhewholoveshisSister hear,\nBrother of India, and my Friend.\n6 May the sure-footed goats come nigh, conveying Pushan on\nhis car,\nThe God who visiteth mankind.\nHYMN LVL\nPushan.\nWhoso remembers Pushan as eater of mingled curd and meal\nNeed thinkno more upon the God.\n2 And he is best of charioteers. Indi'a, the hero’s Lord, allied\nWith him as Friend, destroys the foes.\n3 And there the best of charioteers hath guided through the\nspeckled cloud\nThe golden wheel of Sara’s car.\n4 Wkate’er we speak this day to thee, Wise, Wondrous God\nwhom many praise,\n1\nGive thou fulfilment of our thought.\n5 Leadonthiscompanyofours,thatlongsforkine,towinthespoil:\nThou, Pushan, artrenowned afar.\n6 Prosperitywecravefromthee, afarfromsinandneartowealth,\nTending to perfect happiness both for to-morrow and*to-day.\n4 HisSisters lover accordingtoSftyana,Pushan’ssisterisUshasorDawn.\nlor5 dH oi rs huMo st bh ae nr d's ofsu Ni it go hr t: .S& Py ra ou ba abe lx ypl Sa ui rn ys S.md it sr& ir ntd ei nd dh ei ds .hum Sea es Br ed rt gr ae ih gnp ea ,ti Lm a,\nReligion Vidique , II. 428. Compare alsoBookVI. 48. 8. Brotherof Indra;\nasan Adityaorson ofAditi.\n6 Sure-footed: nisrlmbhdh this word does not occur elsewhere and its\nmeaningisuncertain. Wilsonrendersit £harnessed/and otherexplanations\nhavebeenproposed, butas Dr.Muirobserves : *Allseemsguesswork.’\n1 Haterofmingled curd and meal: JcarambMt ; harambhd wassome soft\nfood, asortofgruel, offeredespeciallytoPdsban.\nIhavefollowedProfessorLudwiginmytranslationofthis\ndifficultpassage,\nthemeaningseemingtobethatinsettingbeforePClshanthefoodthatheloves\ntheworshipperhasdoneallthatisnecessarytosecurehishelp. Sfiyana’sexpla-\nnationismuchthesameif£aGod*besubstitutedfor‘theGod* inline2,that\nis, Pdshanaloneissufficient: theworshipper needthinkupon nootherGod.\n3 Pushan seems tobeintended. Heissaidtohavedriven theSun’swheel\nparushigdvi, literally, *inthebrindledbull/meaning apparently, thespeck-\nled cloud, or train of variegated clouds. £He, the impeller, the chief of\nchariotee—rs(Pushan), everurgesonthatgoldenwheel(ofhiscar)fortheradi-\nantsun.’ Wilson. Others think thatthe verserefers to Indra’s pressing\ndownthewheeloftheSunfrom themountainofcloudand bringingbackthe\nlight. SeePeterson, HymnsfromtheRlgveda 7 p. 171,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 619,
            "content": ": : ; ;\nmz\nHYMN rigvsda. flay\n58.]\nHYMN LVII. MraandPdshan.\nIndea and Piishan will we call for friendship and prosperity\nAnd for the winning of the spoil.\n2 One by the Soma sits to drink juice which the mortar hath\nexpressed\n:\nThe other longs for curd and meal.\n3 Goats are the team that draws the one : the other hath Bay\nSteeds at hand\nWith both of these he slays the fiends.\n4 When Indra, wondrous strong, broughtdown the streams, the\nmighty water-floods,\nPiishan was standing by his side.\nm\n5 To this, toPushan’sfavouringlove, andIndra’s, mayweclosely\ncling,\nAs to a tree’s extended bough.\n6 As one who drives a car draws in his reins, may“we draw\nPiishan near,\nAnd Indra, for our great success.\nHYMN\nLVJII. Pilslian,\nLike heaven art thou : one form is bright, one holy, like Day\nand Night dissimilar in colour.\nAll magic powers thou aidest, self-dependent ! Auspicious be\nthy bounty here, 0 Pushan.\n2 Goat-borne, the guard of cattle, he whose home is strength,\ninspirer of the hymn, set over all the world\nBrandishing here andthere hislightly-moving goad, beholding\nevery creature, Pushan, God, goes forth.\n3 0 Piishan, with thy golden ships that travel across the ocean,\nin the air’s mid-region,\nThou goest on an embassyto Surya, subdued by love, desirous\nof the glory.\n3 Thefiends theVritras, thedemonsofdrought, orenemiesin general.\n1 Oneholy; ‘venerable.’— Wilson, This is apparently a euphemism for\nedark,’ Pushanis hereregardedasthe Sunpresentby dayand.even in his\nabsenceregulatingthenightalso. Accordingto Professor.Ludwig, heis re-\npresent—edasthesummer Sun andthe winter Sun. Thouaidest: *thouexer-\ncisest.* Muir.\nS Subdued bylove of SuryA, thedaughteroftheSun. See YI. 49, 8. Of\ntheglory: of winningSaryA forhisbride."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 620,
            "content": ":: : ; *\n62B THE HYMXS OF fBOOK YT,\n4 Nearkinsmanof theheaven and earth is Pdshan, liberal. Lord\noffood, of wondrous lustre,\nWhom strong and vigorous and swiftly-moving, subdued by\nlove, the Deities gave to Sfiryfi.\nHYMN\nLIX. iDdra-Agiii,\nIwilldeclare, while juices flow, the manly deeds that ye\nhave done\nYourFathers, enemies of Gods, weresmittendown,and, Indra-\nAgni, ye survive.\n2 Thus, Indra-Agni, verily your greatness merits loftiest praise.\nSprung from onecommon F1ather,brothers,twinsare ye\n;\nyour\nMother isin every place.\n3 These who delight in flowing juice,like fellow horses at their\nfood,\nIndra andAgni, Gods armedwith thethunderbolt, we call this\nday to come with help.\n4 IndiraandAgni, Friends of Law, served with rich gifts, your\nspeech iskind\nTo him who praises you while these libations flow that man,\n:\n0 Gods, ye ne’erconsume.\n5 What mortal understands, 0 Gods, Indra and Agni, this\nyour way ?\nOne ofyou, yoking Steeds thatmove to every side, advances\nin your common car.\n4 The Deities gave to Sdry4: the formula of theverse givestheidea\nratherofabirth thanofamarriage. ButPiishanis theloverof hismother,\nSVI h. e5 is5. do5 ub: tS li et sr sy l& yt ah le son tm hi egh sit stb ee rwt ihe thsp wo hu ose ma Ps fw ie sl hl anas isth ue nim teo dt ,he Vr I.o 5f 5.P 4u .s 5h .a ’—n.\nBergaigne, LaReligion Vedique, II. 428.\nI Your Fathers were smitten down:hatftso vdmpitdro themeaningis\nobscure. Sftyana explainspitdroasAslirasordemons, derivingthewordfrom\na yor uo .o ’t —p Wi, ilt so oni .nj Pu rr oe f: G(T rh ase sP mi atr ni ns rt eh ae ds,en ce om nji ee cs bio .ft ',h 1'egods, havebeenslai ‘n inb sy\n-\nda at oe nn wa yd nd o ,Ao tgf dhn e eit r g,h re m aa e du p a en p n ds e i ,u a ni r agta . ntb dol Hbe a de t ep t pi i t rt n sa iotr veo etn. dh' d eeG n odo f, wd a tos hn u edo l if d rta h mn pe e oae wwl o end r r,e d ,r t f- n lo i; kt ew te! hr ee es ala ri l. n i1 , e’i rb Hu et llw ee nr ie c«' s GtI ob rn de ud sar c ,ra k\nProfessorLudwig suggests other possible explanations. See also Bergaigne,\nLaReligionVddiqua, III, 75,andEhni,PerMythusdes Yama, p, 80.\n2 Onecommon Father Dyaus. \\ 1 Q*yana, Praj&pati\nid, enY to iu fr iedMo wt ih te hr: thA edi wti i, de-i en xf tin ei nt de ed. ea: rth* But see Efa ic mc i,ord Di en rg Mt yo thS u&y sap tia e, s ,\nYama,p. 79.\n4 Yene’erconsume Prof.Ludwigsuggeststhereadingbhartsatkah fthrea-\nten/ instead ofbhasdtah. ,\n5 One of yon: Indra, astheSun, whose horses here are the spreading\nbeamsof light,pursueshisappointedwaythrough heaven."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 621,
            "content": "; :: :\nm\nMtMN TEE EM VEDA.\n@9vJ\n6 First, ludra-Agui, hath this Maid come footless unto those\nwith, feet.\nStretchingher head and speaking loudly with her tongue, she\nhath gone downward thirty steps.\n7 JS’en now, 0 Indra-Agni, men hold in their arms and stretch\ntheir bows,\nDesert us not inthisgreat fray, in battles for the sakeofkine,\n,\n8 Thefoeman’s sinful enmities, Indra and Agni, rex me sore.\nDrive those who hate me far away, and keep them distant\nfrom the Sun.\n9 Indra and Agni, yours are all the treasures of the heavens\nand earth.\nHere give ye us the opulence that^prospers every living man,\n10 0IndraAgni, who accept thelaud, andhear us for our praise,\nCome near us, drawn by all our songs, to drink of this our\nSoma juice.\nHYMN\nLX. Indra-Agni.\nHe slays the foe and wins the spoil who worships Indra and\nAgni, strong and mighty Heroes,\nWho rule as Sovrans over ample riches, victorious, showing\nforth their power in conquest.\n2 So battle now, 0 Indra and thou, Agni, for cows and waters,\nsunlight, stolen Mornings,\nTeam-borne, thou makest kine thine own, 0 Agni, thou,\nIndra, light, Dawns, regions, wondrous waters.\n3 With Yritra-slaymg might, Indra and Agni, come, drawn by\nhomage, 0 ye Vritra-slayers.\nIndra and Agni, show yourselvesamongus withyour supreme\nand unrestricted bounties.\n6 This Maid thetexthasonly thefemininepronouniydm (baec) ; Ushas\norDawnisintended. Footless: movingunsupportedinthesky. Of. I. 152.3.\nStretching her head accordingto one of S&yana’s explanations, fhaving,\nabandonedthe head,beingherself headless/ which ishardlyconsistent with\nwhatfollows. Thirty steps the thirtydivisionsofthe Indian dayandnight\nthrough which Dawn passesbeforeshereappears. Butcf. I, 123. 8.\n7 Thehymn isa prayerforaid inafray.\n2 Stolen Mornings the Dawnsand lightthathavebeencarried away and\nconcealedbythePanis ordemonsofdarkness.\n3 Vritva-slaying;or, generally, <foeman-slaying/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 622,
            "content": ": ; :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI\n4 I call the Twain whose deeds of old have all been famed in\nancient days\n:\n0 IndraAgni, harm us not.\n5 The Strong, the scatterers of the foe, Indra and Agni, we\ninvoke\nMay theybe kind to onelike me.\nI\n'6 They slay our Arya foes, these Lordsofheroes, slay our Dasa\nfoes:\nAnd drive ourenemies away.\n7 Indra and Agni, these our songs of praise have sounded-\nforth to you\n:\nYe who bring blessings drink the juice.\n!\n8 Come, Indra-Agni, with?those teams, desired of many, which\nye have,\n0 Heroes, for theworshipper.\n9 With those to this libation poured, ye Heroes, Indra-Agni,\ncome\nCome ye to drink the Soma juice.\n10 Glorify him who compasses all forests with his glowing flame,\nAnd leaves themblackened with his tongue.\n11 He who gains Indra’s bliss with fire enkindled finds an easy\nway\nOver the floods tohappiness.\n12 Give us fleet coursers to convey Indra and Agni, and bestow\nAbundant strengthening food on us.\n13 Indra and Agni, I will call you hither and make you joyful\nwith the gifts I offer.\nYe Twain are givers both of food and riches : to win me\nstrength and vigourI invoke you.\n14 Come unto us with riches, come with wealth in horses and\nin kine,\nIndra and Agni, we invoke you both, the Gods, asFriends for\nfriendship, bringing bliss.\n15 Indra and Agmi, hear his call who worships with libations\npoured.\nCome and enjoy the offerings, drink the sweetly-flavoured\nSoma juice.\n10 Glorify; addressed tothestotarorpraise-singer.\n11 Over thefloods: thedangersandtroublesthatbarhisway.\n12 ToconveyIndraandAyni tobringyou,IndraandAgni,to oursacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 623,
            "content": ": : ::: ; :\nMYMJST 61.] TEE RIGVEDA. ©31\nHYMN LXL\nSarasvati,\nTo Vadhryasva when he worshipped her with gifts she gave\nfierce Divodasa, canceller of debts.\nConsumer of the churlish niggard, one and all, thine, O\nSarasvati, are these effectual boons.\n2 She with her might, like one who digs for lotus-stems, hath\nburst with her strong waves the ridges of the hills. /\nLetusinvitewithsongsandholyhymnsforhelp Sarasvatiwho\nslayeth the Paravatas.\n3 Thou castest down, Sarasvati, those who scorned the Gods,\nthe brood of every Bri>aya skilled in magic arts.\nThou hast discovered rivers for thetribes of men, and, rich in\nwealth made poison flow away*from them.\n!\n4 May the divine Sarasvati, rich in her wealt1 h, protect us well,\nFurthering all our thoughts with might\n5 Whoso, divine Sarasvati, invokes thee where the prize is set,\nLike Indra when he smites the foe.\n6 Aid us, divine Sarasvati, thou who art strong in wealth and\npower\nLike Pushan, give us opulence.\n7 Yea, this divine Sarasvati, terrible with her golden path,\nFoe-slayer, claims our eulogy.\n8 Whoselimitless unbroken flood, swift-moving with a rapid\nrush,\nComes onward with tempestuous roar.\n9 Shehathspreadusbeyondallfoes,beyondherSisters,HolyOne,\nAs.Sfirya spreadeth out the dnys.\n1 Vadhryasva a celebrated Rishi. SeeX. 69. She Sarasvati,theRiver-\nGoddess. Gave: as ason. Cancellerof debts: r.criui .::ig. by his birth, the\ndebt which his father owed to his progenitors, riio *«' obligation of\nbegettingason who should perform the ceremonies which they require.\nChurlishniggard who offersnosacrifices. Themeaning of avasam is uncer-\ntain. Sayana explains it as ‘gratifying himself only’ Professor Ludwig\nregardsitas compoundedofa+vasd=thinormeagre. These effectualboons:\nthegift ofason.\n2 She Sarasvatiastheriver. Thedescriptiongiveninthetextcanhardly\napplyto thesmall streamgenerally known under that name; and fromthis\nandotherpassageswhichwill be noticedas theyoccurit seemsprobablethat\nSarasvati isalso anothername ofSindhu or the Indus. SeeZimmer,Altm«\ndis 3ch Ees veL re ybe Bn r,ispp a. ya6 ;ff e. veP rd yrd dv ea mt oa ns: ls ie ke eV B. ri5 s2 a. ya1 ,1.\nwho Issaid tohave been the\nfatherof Vrifcra, See I. 9*3. 4. Rich in wealth: vljiutvati: according to\nSayana, *giver ofsustenance.’\n9 TierSisters the other rivers ofthePanj&b."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 624,
            "content": "! '\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF IBOOK VI.\n10 Yea,shemostdearamiddearstreams,Seven-sistered,graciously\ninclined,\nSarasvati hath earned our praise.\n11 Guard us from hate Sarasvati, she who hath filled the realms\nof earth,\nAnd that wide tract, the firmament\n12 Seven-sistered, sprung from threefold source, the Five Tribes’\nprosperer, she must he\nInvoked in every deed ofmight.\n13 Marked outby majestyamong theMightyOnes,inglory swift-\ner than the other rapid Streams,\nCreated vast for victory like a chariot, Sarasvati must be ex-\ntolled by every sage. *\n14 Guide us, Sarasvati, to glorious treasure: refuse us not thy\nmilk, nor spurn us from thee.\nGladlyacceptourfriendship andobedience : let usnot gofrom\n! thee to distant countries.\nHYMN LX3X\nAsvins.\nI laud the Heroes Twain, this heaven’s Controllers singing\n:\nwith songs of praise I call the Asvins,\nf\nFain in a moment, when the morns are breaking, to part the\nearth’s ends and the spacious regions.\n2 Moving to sacrifice through realms of lustre they light the\nradiance of the car that bears them. X\nTraversing manywide unmeasured spaces, over the wastes ye f\npass, and fields, andwaters. \\\n3 Ye to thatbounteous path of yours, ye mighty, have ever\nborne away our thoughts with horses,\n\\\nMind-swift and full of vigour, that the trouble ofman —who\nft\noffers gifts might ceaseand slumber.\n* .g,\n12 Sprung from threefold source; ‘abiding in the three worlds/ thatis, ?\npervading heaven, earth,andhell, accordingto S&yana, like Uangfi in later I\ntimes. * ft\"\n1 Toparttheearth’s ends: asheraldsof lighttodefinethe limitsof earth t'\nandskyand soseparateonefromtheother. $•\n3 This stanzais very obscure. S&yana’s paraphrase isinconsistent with «\ntheplain meaning,ofseveralof thewordsofthe text. ‘FierceAswins,from &\nthathumblemansion towhich (youhaverepaired), youhaveeverbornewith\nyour desirable horses, as swiftas thought, thepious worshippersin some\nmanner(to heaven): Letthe injurerof the liberal man (be consigned by\nyou)to (final)repose.’—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 625,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN THE MOVED\n62.] A. 633\n.4 So ye, when ye have yoked your chariot-horses, come to the\nhymn of the most recent singer.\nOur trueandancient Herald Priest shall bringyou, theYouth-\nful, bearing splendour, food, and vigour.\n5 With newest hymn I call those Wonder-Workers, ancient and\nbrilliant, and exceeding mighty,\nBringers of bliss to him who lauds and praises, bestowing\nvaried bounties on the singer.\n6 So ye, with birds, out of the sea and waters bore Bhujyu, son\nof Tugra, through the regions.\nSpeeding with wingM steeds through dustless spaces, out of\nthe bosom of the flood they bore him.\n7 Victors, car-borne, ye rent the ro#k asunder; Bulls, heard the\ncalling of the eunuch’s consort.\nBounteous, ye filled the cowwith milk for Sayu thus, swift\n:\nand zealous Ones, ye showed your favour.\n8 Whate’er from olden time, Heaven, Earth existeth, great\n!\nobject of the wrath of Gods and mortals,\nMake that, Adityas, Vasus, sons of Rudra, an evil brand to\none allied with demons.\n9 May he who knows, as Varuna and Mitra, air’s realm, ap-\npointing both the Kings in season,\nAgainst the secret fiend cast forth his weapon, against the\nlying words that strangers utter.\n10 Come to our homewith friendly wheels, for offspring; oome\non your radiant chariot rich in heroes.\nStrike off, ye Twain, theheads of our assailants who with\nman’s treacherous attack approach us.\n11 Come hitherward to us with teams of horses, the highest and\nthe midmost and the lowest.\nBountiful Lords, throw open to the singer the doors e’en of\nthe firm-closed stall of cattle.\n6 Bhujyu : see I. 116, 3—5.\n7 Theeunuch's consort: Vadhrimatl Seel Sayu : see X. 316. 22.\n9 Mitra and Varuna appear liere-as^comprehended inathird God,who\nmustbethe Asura Lyaus. ILe,^comprisingtheheavenofnightas wellas the\nheavenof day, assignstoMitra andVaruna the charge, respectivelyof day\nand night. See Ludwig’s Commentary.\n10 For offspring;tdnaydya to give us offspring. The second line ofthe\nstanza mightberendered ; 1Turnback, yeTwain, theheads, with secreton-\nslaught, even ofthosewhoseekto harmthemortal.’\n11 Thehighestandthemidmostorthe loioest or, asProfessorLudwigtrans-\nlates; *theearliest, themidmost, and thelatest.’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 626,
            "content": "—\n:\n634 THEHYMNS OF [BOOK VT,\nHYMN LXIIL Asvins.\nWherehath tlie hymnwith reverence, like an envoy, found\nbothfair Gods to-day, invoked of many\nHymn that hath brought the two N&satyas hither1 To this\nman’s thought be ye, both Gods, most friendly.\n2 Come readily to this mine invocation, lauded with songs, that\nye may drink the juices.\nCompass this house to keep it from the foeman, that none\nmay force it, eithernear or distant.\n3 Juice in wide room hath been prepared to feast you: for you\nthe grass is strewn, most soft to tread on.\nWifch lifted bands your servant hath adored you. Yearning\nfor you the press-stones shed the liquid.\n4 Agni uplifts him at your sacrifices forth goes the oblation\n:\ndropping oil and glowing.\nUp stands the grateful-minded priest, elected, appointed to\ninvoke the two N&satyas,\n5 Lords of great wealth for glory Surya’s Daughter mounted\n!\nynur car that brings a hundred succours.\nFamed for your magicarts were ye, magicians amid the race\n!\nof Gods, ye dancing Heroes\n!\n6 Ye Twain, with these your glories fair to look on, brought, to\nwin victory, rich gifts for Surya.\nAfter you dew your birds, marvels of beauty dear to our\n:\nhearts j the song, well lauded, reached you.\n7 May your wing*ed coursers, best to draw, Nasatyas convey\nyou to theobject ofyour wishes. !\nSwift as the thought, your car hathbeen sent onward to food\nof many a sort and dainty viands.\n8 Lords ofgreat wealth, manifold is your bounty ye filled our\ncow with food that neverfaileth. :\nLovers of sweetness yours are praise and singers, andpoured\n!\nlibations which have soughtyour favour.\n2 Eithernearordistant neighbourorstranger.\n3 Inwideroom ; wherethereisamplespaceforthesacrificialceremonies.\nthr5 ouSi gl hA' tya h’ es aiD ra .ug —h Oft ,er VIIIs .ee 20.I. 22,11 a6. nd1 f7 D. ay’D san hc ai rn big ngH ee rro ce os mj esye danw ch io ngd fa rn oce\nm\ntheenst (Milton Song On MayMorning).\n6 Richgiftsfor Stiryd: whochosetheAsvins tobeherhusbands."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 627,
            "content": "; :\nH9YMN 64.] the maveda. 635\nMine were two mares of Puraya, brown, swift-footed a hun-\n;\ndred with Sum;dha, food with Pernk.\nSandagave ten gold-decked and well-trainedhorses, tame and\nobedient and of lofty stature.\n10 N&satyas PurupantMs offered hundreds, thousands of steeds\n!\nto him who sang your praises,\nGave, Heroes to the singerBbaradvaja. YeWonder-Workers,\n!\nlet the fiends be slaughtered.\n11 May I with princes share yourbliss in freedom.\nHYMN LXIV. Pawn.\nThe radiant Dawns have risen up for glory, in their white\nsplendour like the waves of waters.\nShe maketh paths all easy, f^r to travel, and, rich, hath\nshown herself benign and friendly.\n2 We see that thou art good far shines thy lustre thy beams,\n: ;\nthy splendours have down up to heaven.\nDecking thyself, thou makest bare thy bosom, shining in\nmajesty, thou Goddess Morning.\n.3 B,ed are the kine and luminous that bearher the Blessed One\nwho spreadeth through the distance.\nThe foes she chaseth like a valiantarcher, like a swiftwarrior\nshe repelleth darkness.\n4 Thy ways are easy on the hills : thou passest Invincible !\nSelf-luminous through waters.\n!\nSo lofty Goddess with thine ample pathway, Daughter of\nHeaven, bring wealth to give us comfort.\n9 Thisand thefollowing stanzaeulogize theliberality ofseveral wealthy\ninstitutors of sacrifice butit isdifficult to make outwhat werothe gifts\ntheygaveas the verses; are filled with epithets- without nouns, Vaduve,\nmares,suitsthedualepithetsrijr6,andraghv%brownandswift Aftersatdm,\nahundred, Sayana suppliesgduah, cows. Instead of*well-trained* Sftyana’s\nrenderingis£handsome,’ andhesupplies tt&vdn,‘horses,’ orrathdn, ichariots’\nfor theabsentnoun. *Obedient,gallant, and well-favouredservantsT would\nrepresenthisrenderingof thelasthalf-line ofthe stanza. The translations\ngivenbyProfessors Ludwig and Grassmann differfrom eachotherand from\nSrLyaoa’s version. As Professor Wilson remarks : *Ifwe renderthe stanza\nliterally, it is utterly unintelligible: the greater part ofthe Silhtais very\nobscure.’ Puraya, Sumidha, andPerukaarethe names ofliberalpatrons.\n10 Parupmthds anotherofthesegenerousnobles. Inthiscase dsvandm,\nofhorses, appearsin thetext.\n11 Yourbliss thefelicity which the Asvinsbestow.\n1 Dawns : the plural may behonorific, ormay signifyPawn and herrays\noflight.\n3 Warrior ; borneonachariot.\n4 Through waters: ofthe firmament."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 628,
            "content": ": ; ;\nm\nTB$ HYMNS OF BOOK\n[ VI.\n5 Dawn, bringme wealth untroubled, with thine oxen thou\n:\nbearest riches at thy will andpleasure\nThou who, a Goddess, Child of Heaven, hast shown thee\nlovely through bounty when we called thee early.\ns6 As the birds fly forth from their resting-places, so men with\nstore of food riseat thy dawning.\nYea, to the liberal mortal who remameth athome, 0 God-\ndess Dawn^much good thou bringeat.\nHYMN LXV. Dawn.\nSheddingher lightonhumanhabitationsthis Child of Heaven\nhath called us from our slumber\nShe who at night-timewith her argent lustre hath shown her-\nself e’enthrough the shades of darkness.\n2 All this with red-rayed steeds have they divided : the Dawns\nonbright carsshineinwondrous fashion.\nThey, bringing near the stately rite’s commencement, drive\nfarawaythenight’ssurroundingshadows.\n3 Dawns, bringing hither, tothe man who worships, glory and\npower and might and food and vigour,\nOpulent, with imperial swaylike heroes, favour your servant\nandthis day enrich him.\nA Now,is there treasure for theman who serves you, nowfor the\nhero. Dawns who brings oblation;\nNow for the si! nger when he sings t—he praise-song* Even to\nonelike me ye brought aforetime^.\n5 0 Dawn who stan<^^.^'^M^mountain ridges,Angirases now\npraise thy-^aiTs of cattle.\ngTiih^prayer and holy hymn they burst them open : the\nheroes’ calling on the Gods was fruitful.\n6 Thisstanzaoccursin ahym ?ntoDawn ascribedtotheRishi Kakshivdm\nI. 124- 12. With store 'enjoyingor sharing food,’ is\ne Tx hp ela wi en ae ld tb hy ymS4 ay yan ba ea ms ean< t,' whos: ha. r‘ etheia r’ st> oh ra ev we itto hg oa ti hn ert she ai nr dsu ms ut se tnan wc oe r. k’\ntoreplenishit. The liberal mortal*the manwho sacrificesto theGods. To\nbringoutthismeaningmoreclearlythelastlinemaybetranslated: *To him\nwhostays at home and pours oblations,0 GoddessDawn, thougivestample\nriches/\n1 At night-time an allusion, perhaps, to the 'false dawn’ before the\nappearanceoftherealdawn,althoughthisfaintglimmercan hardly becalled\nlustre. Orthe lightof starsmaybe intended, as belonging toDawn rather\nthantoNight.\n% All this have they divided: separated light fromdarkness. The\nstatelyrite : theAgnihotra, orgreatmorning sacrifice.\n5 Angivases here praise: 'What we are doing he —reis inreality onlya\nrepetitionof_whattheAngirasas didinancienttimes/ Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 629,
            "content": ": : '\nHYMN 66.] THE IIIGVEDA. 637\n6 Shine on us as of old, thou Child of Heaven, on him, rich\nMaid who serves like Bharadvaja.\n!\nGivetothesingerwealthwithnoble heroes,and upon us.bestow\nwide-spreading glory,\nHYMN\nLXVI. Maruts.\nE’en to the wise let that be still a wonder to which the gene-\nral name of Cow is given.\nThe one hath swelled among mankind for milking Prism\n:\nhath drained but once her fair bright udder.\n2 They who like kindled flames offire are glowing, the Maruts,\ntwice and thrice have waxen mighty.\nGolden and dustless were their cars, invested with their great\nstrength and their heroic vigour.\n3 They who are Sous of the rain-pouringBudra, whom thelong-\nlasting One had power to foster\nThe Mighty Ones whose germ great Mother Prism is known\nto have received for man’s advantage.\n4 They shrink not from the birth in this same manner still\nresting there they purge away r; eproaches. 1\nWhen they have streamed forth, brilliant, at their pleasure,\nwith their own splendour they bedewtheir bodies.\n5 Even those who bear the brave bold name of Maruts, whom\nnot the active quickly wins for milking.\nEven the liberal wards not off those fierce ones, those who are\nlight and agile in their greatness.\n6 Bharadvija thegreatancestorofthepriestlyfamilyofwhichtheEishi\nofthehymn wasamember.\n1 Thismeaning maybethatwhilethingsofdifferent naturearedesignated,\nby thename of Cow,allthatisso called hasaclaim to our wonder and ad-\nmiration. The Cow of earth yieldshermilkfrequentlyandinabundance :\nprisni, the Cowofthefirmament, hasgivenmilkbutonce,when shebrought\nforthheroffspring,theMaruts. ‘OnceonlyPrisni’smilkwasshed : nosecond,\nafterthis,isborn*(VI, 48. 22), Slyana’sinterpretationisutterlyinconsistent\nwith the plainmeaningofthewords ofthetext.\n2 Twiceandthrice: perhapsin relationtoearth andheaven.,and to earth,\nfirmament,andheaven,\n4 Stillretting there; while yet unborn they free their mother from the\nreproach ofbarrenness,\nsec5 onW din ls inf eor ismi ml ek ri en lg y: cp oe nr js eu ca td ue rs alto asgra tn ht eb mis eap net ii nt gion os f, stT ah tie n^ gve Yr rsi vo pn Vo mf Ht vhe y'\nftayanaas3=stcnrfh, robbers)isunknown. (Theliberaldonor 1 1 ::S\nMarutswhoareotherwiseintheir might the resistless plunderers (of their\n—\nwealth),’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 630,
            "content": ":; :;\nTHE HYMXS OP {BOOB VI\ness\n6 When, strong in strength and armed with potent weapons,\nthey had united well-formed earth and heaven,\nRodasi stood among these furious Heroes like splendour shin-\ning with her native brightness*\n7 No team of goats shall draw your ear, 0 Maruts, no horse\n, no charioteer be he who drives it.\nHalting not, reinless, through the air it travels, speeding\nalong its paths through earth and heaven.\n8 Nonemay obstruct, none overtake, 0 Maruts, him whom ye\nsuccour in the strife ofbattle\nFor sonsand progeny, forkine andwaters he burststhe cow-\n:\nstall on the day of trial.\n9 Bring a brighthymntopraisetheband of Maruts, theSingers,\nrapid, strong in native vigour,\nWho conquermighty strength with strength more mighty\nearth shakes in terror at their wars, 0 Agni.\n10 Brightliketheflashing flames of sacrifices, like tongues of fire\nimpetuous in their onset,\nChanting their psalm, singing aloud, like heroes, splendid from\nbirth, invincible, the Maruts.\n11 That swelling band I call with invocation,thebroodof Rudra,\narmed with glittering lances.\nPure hymns are meet for that celestial army : like floods and\nmountains have the Strong Ones battled.\nHYMN LXVII. Mitra-Varuna.\nNow Mitra-Varuna shallbeexaltedhighbyyour songs, noblest\nofall existing\nTheywho, as’twerewithreins are best Controllers, unequalled\nwith their arms to check the people.\n6 United: byobscuringthehorizonwith cloud andrain.\n7 Nofeebleor ordinary team must convey you no common charioteer\nmustdriveyourchariot. ;\n8 Burststhecow-stall carriesawaythe enemy’s cattle.\n10 Singingaloud : 1causingtheiropponentstotremble/accordingtoS&yana,\nwhoderivesthewordfromtherootdhU,to shake. Derived from dhvun,‘to\nsound,dhmiayahmeanssingers,musicians,minstrels,leaders ofthewildmusic\nwo af t1t e1h re sLiw aki nen dd fl ta o hon edd s fis rat mnor d sm tm r( o es u nt n gu t tr a hm ie on fr s.— : moL p uu e nd r tw h ai a ipg ns) s,. .wiS t Be h ue ttV he ted hi es ic m mh pe ee atS u nt o iu sd nii gte yn o, foI f. t2 hr6 iu s9 s. h li an sg\nt\nhalf-line, asofmany otherpassagesofthehymn,is veryobscure.\nThehymnhasbeentranslated andthoroughlydiscussedbyPetervonBradke\n( 3F 6e gs—tg 3r 7u 2ss Sa an crR e. dv Bo on okR sot oh f, t1 h8 e93 E, asp tp ,. X1 X1 X7 I- I1 )2 .5). See also Vedic Hyymns\n?\nAI’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 631,
            "content": "; ; ; :\nMYMJSf 67.] THE JUGYEDA. 639\n2 To you Two Gods is this my thought extended, turned to the\nsacred grass with loving homage.\nGive us, 0 Mitra-Varuna, a dwelling safe from attack, which\nye shall guard, Boon-Givers !\n3 Come hither, Mitra-Yaruna, invited with eulogies and loving\nadoration,\nYe who with your own might, as Work-Controllers, urge even\nmen who quickly hear to labour.\n4 Whom, of pure origin, like two strong horses, Aditi bore as\nbabes in proper season,\nWhom, Mighty at your birth, the Mighty Goddess brought\nforth as terrors to the mortal foeman.\n5 As all the Gods in their great joy*and gladness gave you with\none accord your high dominion,\nAs ye surround both worlds, though wide and spacious, your\nspies are ever true and ne’er bewildered.\n6 So, through the days maintaining princely power, ye prop the\nheight as ’twere from loftiest heaven.\nThe Star of all the Gods, established, filleth the heaven and\nearth with food of man who liveth.\n7 Take the strong drink, to quaff till ye are sated, when he &nd\nhis attendants fillthe chamber.\nThe young Maidsbrooknotthatnoneseeks towinthem, when,\nQuickeners of all ! they scatter moisture.\n8 So with your tongue come evei% when your envoy, faithful\nand very wise, attends our worship.\nNourished by\"holy oil! be this your glory : annihilate the\nsacrificer’s trouble.\n9 When, Mitra-Yaruna, they strive against you and break the\nfriendly laws ye have established,\nThey, neither Gods normen in estimation, likeApi’ssonshave\ngodless sacrifices.\n5 Yourspies: messengersorangels, probablytherestoftheAdityas. See\nI. 2f>. 13.\n6 Theheight; thehighridge or summit of heaven. The Star ofall the\nGods; representingalltheG-ods: theSun, He drawsup the waters, which\ndescendtofertilize theearth.\nThe7 YL oie ungt Mh ae idw so ;rs th hi epp wae tr er; ,o nr e, cep se sr ah ra yp fs o, rtS ho ema pr, epaT rh ae tioc nh oa fmb te hr eSoo mf as la ic br ai tf ii oc ne ,.\nisreadyandimpatientlywaitingtobeused.\n8 Withyourtongue Agni, bywhosetongueoffiretheyconsumethe obla-\ntions Yourenvoy Agni. —\n9 LikeAptssons; esonsoftheWaters,’ Grassmann. The meaningis un-\ncertain, Godlesssacrifices; unattendedby Gods, and thereforefruitless."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 632,
            "content": ": : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VL\n640\n10 When singers in their song uplift their voices, some chant the\nNivid texts with steady purpose.\nThen may we sing you lauds that shall be fruitful : do ye not\nrival allthe Gods in greatness?\n11 0 Mitra-Varuna, may your large bounty come to us hither,\nnearto this our dwelling,\nWhen the kine haste to us, and when they harness the fleet-\nfootmettled stallion for the battle,\nHYMN LXVIII. Indra-Varuna.\nHis honouring rite whose grass is trimmed is offered swiftly\nto you, in Manu’s wise, accordant,\nThe rite which Indra-Varuna shall Carry this day to high\nsuccess and glorious issue.\n2 Forat Gods’ worship they arebestthrough vigour they have\n;\nbecome the strongest of the Heroes\nWith mighty strength, most liberal of the Princes, Chiefs of\nthe host, by Law made Vritra’s slayers.\n3 Praise those Twain Gods forpowersthat merit worship, Indra\nand Varuna, for bliss, the joyous.\nOne with his might and thunderbolt slays Vritra the other\n;\nas a Sage stands near in troubles,\n4 Though dames and men have waxen strong and mighty, and\nall the Gods self-praised among the Heroes,\nYe, Indra-Varuna, have in might surpassed them, and thus\nwere yespread wide, 0 Earth and Heaven.\n5 Righteous is he, and liberal and helpful who, Indra-Varuna,\nbrings you gifts with gladness.\nThat bounteous man through food shall conquer foemen, and\nwin him opulence and wealthy people.\n6 May wealthwhich ye bestowinfood and treasure on him who\nbrings you gifts and sacrifices,\nWealth, Gods ! which breaks the curse ofthose who vex us,\nbe, Indra-Varuna, e’en our own possession.\n10 Nividtexts; shortformularies ofinvocationinserted inaliturgy.\n11 Whenthekinehastetous whenthe cattle of the men whom we are\nabouttoattackarereadyandeagertobecarriedoff. S&yana’s interpretation\nofthelastlineistotallydifferent: (when (your)praisesare*uttered, and the\ns aa nc dri rf ei sc oe ls utia od nd\n,\nai nn dt ih se thc ee sr he om wo en ry ert (h oe fS beo nm efa itt s)h .a ’t —in Ws ip li sr oe ns .straightforwardness\n—\n3 In troubles: 1in deeds of might/ Ludwig. *With snares, ornooses/\naccordingtoProfessorGeldner, VedischeStudien,X. 142.\n4 Self-praised onaccountoftheirown deeds, ortheirownnature."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 633,
            "content": "—\n; ;\nHYMN 69,] THE R1GVEDA. 641\n7 So also, Indra-Varuna, may our princes have riches swift to\nsave, with Gods to guard them\nThey whose great might gives victory in battles, and their\ntriumphant glory spreads with swiftness.\n8 Indra and Varuna, Gods whom we are lauding, mingleyo\nwealth with our heroic glory.\nMay we, who praise the strength of what is mighty, pass\ndangers, as with boats we cross the waters.\n9 Now will I sing a dear and far-extending hymn to Varuna\nthe God, sublime, imperial Lord,\nWho, mighty Governor, Eternal, aswith flame, illumines both\nwide worlds with majesty and power.\n10 True to Law, Indra-Varuna, drillers ofthe juice, drink this\npressed Soma which shall give you rapturous joy.\n• Your chariot cometh to the banquet of the Gods, to sacrifice,\nas it were home, that ye may drink.\n11 Indra and Varuna. drink your fill, ye Heroes, of this in-\nvigorating sweetest Soma.\nThis juice is shed by us that ye may quaffit: on this trim-\nmed grass be seated, and rejoice you.\nHYMN\nLXIX. Indra-Vishnu.\nIndra and Vishnu, at my task’s completion I urge you on\nwithfood and sacred service.\nAccept the sacrifice and grant us riches, leading us on by\nunobstructed pathways.\n2 Ye who inspire all hymns, Indra and Vishnu, ye vessels who\ncontain the Soma juices,\nMay hymns ofpraisethatnow aresung addressyou, the lauds\nthat are recited by the singers.\n3 Lords ofjoy-giving draughts, Indra and Vishnu, eome, giving\ngifts of treasure, to the Soma.\nWith brilliant rays of hymns let chanted praises, repeated\nwith the lauds, adorn and deck you.\n8 Ofwhatismighty: apparently,riches.\n9 This stanza, inhonourof Varunaalone, appearstobe thebeginningof\nanother hymn. Professor Grassmann banishes stanzas 9 and 10 tohisAp-\npendix,\n1 A tmytask's completion when all arrangements forthe sacrifice have\nbeen made,\n2\n;\nWho .inspire: literally, ‘the generators janitftrd. By thesingers or,\n*withlaudations.’ -\n41"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 634,
            "content": ":\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF BOOK YL\n[\n4 May yourfoe-conquering horses bring you hither, Indra and\n.\nVishnu, sharers ofthe banquet.\n^ Ofall ourhymns accept the invocations : list to my prayers\nandhear the songs I sing you.\nThis your deed, Indra-Vishpu, must be lauded : widely ye\nstrode in thewild joy of Soma.\nYe made the firmament of larger compass, and made the\n-\nregions broad for our existence,\n6 Strengthenedwith sacred offerings, Indra-Vishnu, first eaters,\nserved withworship and oblation,\nFed with the holy oil, vouchsafe us riches ye are thelake,\n:\nthe vatthatholds theSoma.\n:7 Drink: of this meath, 0 Jndra, thou, and Vishnu ; drink ye\nyour.fill of Soma, Wonder-Workers.\nThesweet exhilaratingjuice hath reached you. Hearye my\n, prayers, give ear unto-my calling.\n*8 Ye Twain have conquered, ne’er have ye been conquered\n;\nneverhatheither of the Twain been vanquished.\n* Ye* Indra-Vishnu, when ye fought the battle, produced this\ninfinite with three divisions.\nHYMN LXX. HeavenandHarth.\nFilleo full offatness, compassing all things that be, wide,\nspacious, droppingmeath, beautiful in theirform,\nThe Heaven and the Earth by Varuna’s decree, unwasting,\nrich in germs, standparted each from each.\n% The Everlasting Pair, with fullstreams, rich inmilk, in their\npure rule pour fatness for the pious man.\nYe whoareRegents of this world, 0 Earth and Heaven, pour\ninto us the genial flow that prospers men.\n3 Whoso, for righteous life, pours offerings to you, 0 Heaven\nand Earth, ye Hemispheres, that man suceeds.\n8Producedthisignite broughtintoexistencetheworldwithailitscrea-\ntures, the three divisionsbeingheaven,firmament, andearth. SeeProfessor\nWilsonsnoteforS&yana’s explanationofthepassage.\nThedeitiesareDy&v&prithivf, that isDyaus, Heaven.,andPrithivf, Earth*\ncombinedinacompounddual.\n1 I containinggh'itu,gM clarifiedbutter,fatnessingeneral,\nespeciallythefertilizingrain. }\nm, a thePe coH ue ri sn ehp oJ fto n' ae ts ur: e.dhuhme ;twobowls. *Firm*set/—Wilson. JB*uLam;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 635,
            "content": ":\nJ3YMN 1l.J THE MOVE DA. 04$\nHe in his seed is born again and spreads by Law : from you\nflow things diverse in form, but ruledalike.\n34 Enclosed in fatness, Heaven and Earth are bright therewith ;\nthey mingle with the fatness which they still increase.\n’ Wide, broad, set foremost at election of the priest, to them\nthe singers praj^ for bliss to further them,\n5 May Heaven and Earth pour down the balmy rain for us,\n‘\nbalm-dropping, yielding balm, with balm upon your path,\nBestowing by your Godhead sacrifice and wealth, great fame\nand strength for us andgood heroic might.\n6 May Heaven and Earth make food swell plenteously for ps,\nall-knowing Father, Mother, wondrous in theirworks.\nPouring out bounties, may, in union, both the Worlds, alb\nbeneficial, send us gain, and power, andwealth.\nHYMN LXXI. Savitar.\nFull of effectual wisdom Savitar the God hath stretched out\ngolden arms that he may bring forth life.\nYoung and most skilful, while he holds the region tip, thp\nWarrior sprinkles fatness over both his hands.\n2 May we enjoy the noblest vivifying force of Savitar the God,\nthat he may give us wealth\n;\nFor thou art mighty to produce and lull to rest the world of\nlife that moves on two feet and on four.\n3 Protect our habitation, Savitar, this day, with guardian aids\naround, auspicious, firm and true.\nGod of the golden tongue, keep us for newest bliss: let not\nthe evil-wisher haveus in his power.\n4 This Savitar the God, the golden-handed, Friend of the home,\nhath risen to meet the twilight. '\nWith cheeks ofbrass, withpleasanttongue, the Holy,he sends\nthe worshipper rich gifts in plenty.\n4 Setforemoatat electionofthepriest : ‘first propitiated at thesacrifice/—\nWilson.\nPro1 feS sa sv oi rta Lr u: dt wh ie gS tu hn ina ks st th he ag tre ta ht isg me ane yra bt eor so or mev wiv hif ai ter. iroS np ir cai lnkle 4s Tf ha etne gs os d:\nsprinkleshishands, probably, asapreparation forthehardwork which he\ni ts hea fb ao tu nt est so [ip ner tf heor sm ha;pb eut oft fh ee rr te iliis zia nn gru an id ne ]r al ly si ong falt lh so du og wh ntt th oa tt ha eeg ao ro td h.dealot\n4 To meet thetwilight ‘atthe closeofnight/-Wilson. Checks of brass:\nayohaauh ; according toSSyana, *golden-jawed."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 636,
            "content": "; :\n644 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI,\n5 LikeaDirector, Savitarbathextendedhisgolden arms, exceed'\ning fair to look on.\nHe hath gone up theheights of earth and heaven, and made\neach monsterfall and cease from troubling.\nFair wealth, 0 Savitar, to-day, to-morrow, fair wealth produce\n(j\nfor us each day that passes.\nMay we through this our song be happy gainers, God, of a\nfair and spacious habitation;\nHYMN\nLXXII. Indra-Soma,\nGreat is this might of yours, Indra and Soma : the firsthigh\nexploits were your own aehivements.\nYe found the Sun, ye found the light of heaven ye killed all\ndarkness and the God^blasphemers. :\n2 Ye, Indra-Soma, gave her light to Morning, and led the Sun\non high with all his splendour.\nYe stayed the heaven with a supporting pillar, and spread\nabroad, apart, the Earth, the Mother,\n3 Ye slew the flood-obstructing serpent Vritra, Indra and Soma:\nHeaven approved your exploit.\nYe urged to speed the currents of the rivers, and many seas\nhave ye filled full with waters,\n4 Ye in the unripe udders of the milch-kine have set the ripo\nmilk, Indra, thou, and Soma.\n’ Ye have held fast the unimpeded whitenesswithin thesemany-\ncoloured moving creatures.\n5 Verily yebestow, Indra and Soma, wealth, famed, victorious,\npassingto our children.\nYe have invested men, yeMighty Beings, with manlystrength\nthat conquers in the battle.\nHYMN\nLXXIII. Brihaspati.\nServed with oblations, first-born, mountain-render, Angiras’\nson, Brihaspati, the Holy,\nWith twice-firm path, dwelling in light, our Father, roars\nloudly, as a bull, to Earth and Heaven.\n5 A Director; apriest who directs others. Or, perhaps, (an. Invoker/ as\nProfessorLudwigsuggests. Backmonster: every terrorofthenight. S&yaua’s\ninterpretation of the last—line is totally different : ‘and, moving along,\ndelightseverythingthatis.’ Wilson.\n4 Yeinthe unripeudders; the unripe, thatisraw, uddersarecontested\nwiththe warm milk thatis cooked ormatured in them. SeeI. .62. 9, The\nunimpeded whiteness themilk whichisnot prevented from flowing. The\ncolourof themilkiscontrastedwiththecolourofthecowsthatproduceit,\n1 Brihaspati LordofPrayer\n;\nthe-Deityinwhomtheactionoftheworship-'"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 637,
            "content": ": * : : : '\nm\nHtMN 75.] THE mo VEDA.\n2 Brihaspati, who made for such a people wide room and verge\nwhen Gods were invocated,\nSlaying his enemies, breaks down their castles, quelling his\n„ foes and conquering those who hate him.\n3 Brihaspati in war hathwon richtreasures, hathwon* this God,\nthe great stalls filled with cattle.\nStriving to win waters and light, resistless, Brihaspati with\nlightning smites the foeman.\nHXMN LXXIV. Soma-Rudra,\nHold fast your Godlike sway, 0 Soma-Rudra ; let these our\nsacrifices quickly reach you.\nPlacing in every house your seven great treasures, bringbless-\ning to our quadrupeds and bipBds.\n2 Soma and Rudra, chase to every quarter the sickness that\nhath visited our dwelling. 1\nDrive Nirriti away into the distance, and give Us excellent\nand happy glories.\n34Provide, 0 Soma-Rudra, for our bodies all needful medicines\nto heal and cure us.\nSet free and draw away the sin committed which we have\nstill inherent in ourpersons.\n4 Armed with keen shafts and weapons, kind and loving, be\ngracious unto us, Soma and Rudra.\nRelease us from the noose ofVaruna; keep usfrom sorrow, in\nyour tender loving-kindness.\nHYMN LXXV. WeaponsofWar.\n\" The warrior’s look is like a thunderousrain-cloud’s, when, aimed\nwith mail, he seeks the lap of battle.\nBe thou victoriouswith unwoundedbody\n:\nsolet thethickness\nof thy mail protect thee.\n,\n2 With Bow let us win kine, with Bow the battle, with Bow be\nvictors in our hot encounters.\nperupon theGodsispersonified. SeeI. 14. 3. Mountain-render Brihaspati\ncleftthe mountain (I. 62. S). Dwelling in light; or, perhaps, in the Sun.\nThe meaningoiprdghurmasdd is uncertain.\n2 Suchapeople: sogood a people. When Godswereinvocated—: inbattle.\n3 With lightning or with Sunlight: *withsacred prayers.’ Wilson.\n1 Quadrupedsandbipeds or, ‘blessallofus,menandfour-footedcreatures.\n2 Nirriti the Goddess ofDeath and Destruction.\nThe nooseof Varnna ; Varuna, the moralGovernorof theworld,isrepre-\nentedasarmed with a noose or lasso for the capture and destruction of\nthewicked."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 638,
            "content": "m\nTHE 11YMXS OF {BOOK VI.\nThe Bow brings grief and sorrow to the foeman armed #ith\n;\nthe Bow maywe subdue all regions,\n3 Close to his ear, as fain to speak, She presses, holding her\nwell-loved Friend in herembraces. —\nStrained on the Bow, She whispers like a woman this Bow-\nstring thatpreserves us in the combat,\n4 These, meeting like a woman and herlover, bear, mother-like,\ntheir child upon their bosom,\nMay the two Bow-ends, starting swift asunder, scatter, in uni-\n.\nson, the foes who hate us.\n5 With many a son, father of many daughters, He clangs and\nclashes as he goes to battle.\nSlang onthe back, pouring his brood, the Quiver vanquishes\nall opposing bands and armies.\n6 Upstandingin the Car the skilful Charioteer guides hisstrong\nHorses on whithersoe’er he will.\nSee and admire the strength of those controllingReins which\nfrom behind declare the will ofhim who drives.\n7 Horses whose hoofs rain dust are neighing loudly, yoked to\nthe Chariots, showing forth their vigour.\nWith their forefeet descending on the foemen, they, never\nflinching, trample and destroy them.\nS Car-hearer is the name of his oblation, whereon are laid his\nWeapons and his Armour.\nSo let us here, each day thatpasses, honour the helpful Car\nwith heartsexceedingjoyful.\n9 In sweetassociationlivedthefathers whogaveuslife, profound\nand strong in trouble,\nUnwearied, armed with shafts and wondrous weapons, free,\nreal heroes, conquerors of armies.\n3 She; thebowstring. Herwell-lovedfriend—: thearrow. Whispers lilted\nwoman ; * twangslikethescreamofa woman.' Muir. But thefaint sound\nmadeby thestring whileit isbeing drawnto theear isintended. Homer\nlikensthe soundtothevoiceofaswallow.\ning4 clT oh se ese l: iketh te wotw wo oe mn ed nso tf ot th he eib ro lw o. versL .i ’ke Ta hw eio rma chn ila dn :d tke hi e*l ao rv re or w; .or, 1draw-\niti5 ssW ai it d,h bm ea cn ay usa es to Vn; theq ~u -*i rv—e *r *«-i *s -c -alledt ;h ae refa bt oh te hr mo af scs uo ln is nea \"n ad ndda fu eg mh it nie nr es ,,\ncha8 rioC tar i- sb pe la ar cer ed; whe' nn. o?'\ntin use. Theword\nss et ean md s, inor thit sru pc lk aceon tow mh eic ah nat lh se\no\ntheoblation offeredbythe warrior to theidealwar-chariotpersonified, or to\natutelary deityofchariots.\n9 Thereisnoverbinthisstanza,andtheonlysubstantive,pitarahyfathers,\nis,explainedbyboth Commentatorsasp&layitdcuk, guards,defenders, thatis,\napparently,those who attend thechariotofthechief. ProfessorWilson, fob"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 639,
            "content": ": : : : :\nHYMN 75,] THE MOVE DA, n?\n10 The Br&hmans, and the Fathers meet for Soma-draughts* and,\ngraciously inclined, unequalledHeaven and Earth.\nGuard us from evil, Pushan, guard us strengtheners of Law\nlet not the evil-wisher master us.\n11 Her tooth a deer, dressed in an eagle’s feathers, bound with“\ncow-hide, launched forth, She flieth onward.\nThere where the heroes speed hither and thither, there may\nthe Arrows shelter and protect us.\n12 Avoid us thou whose flight is straight, and let our bodies be\"\nas stone.\nMay Soma kindly speak to us, and Aditi protect us well.\n13 He lays his blows upon their backs, he deals his blows upon\ntheir thighs.\nThou, Whip, who urgest horses, drive sagacious horses in the\nfray.\n11 It compasses the arm with serpent windings, fendingawaythe’\nfriction of the bowstring\nSomaytheBrace, well-skilled in all its duties, guard manfully\nthe man from every quarter.\n15 Now to the Shaft with venom smeared, tipped with deer-horn,\nwith iron mouth,\nCelestial, of Parjanya’s seed, be this great adoration paid.\n16 Loosed from the Bowstring fly away, thou Arrow, sharpened\nby our prayer.\nGotothefoemen, strikethemborne,andletnotonebeleftalive.\nowing S&yana,translates : 4The guards (of the chariot), revelling in the\nsavoury(spoil),distributorsoffood,protectorsincalamity, armedwithspears,\nresolute, beautifully arranged, strong in arrows,invincible, of heroic valour,\nrobust, andconquerorsofnumeroushosts.’\n10 TheBrdhmans and the Fathers or, perhaps, the sacerdotal Fathers.\nThestanza,whichisgrammaticallydifficult, seemsoutofplace.\n11 Hertooth adeer the pointof the arrow is made ofa pieceof deer’s\nhornattachedto theshaft withleather strings. The buttof the arrow is\nfeathered.\n13 He: thewhip.\n14 It thebraceorguardwornonthearcher’s left arm, fastenedonwith\nleather straps.\n15 Withvenomsmeared: bythe Lawsof Manu,that is, theideal Codeof\ntheM&navas,Kshatriyas wereforbiddento poison their arrows. Arrowsap-\npeartohavebeenof twokinds, one, theolder and less effective, tippedwith\nd uCe\ne\nn&\nl\nder es-\nt\nrh io\na\ntr ln h,, eoa\nf\ninn\nP\nfd\na lr\nut\nj\neh\na\nne\nn\nceyo at o'h fse Pr\ns\naew rei jdt ah\n:\nnyi mr aao dn them eo\no\nGu ft oth dh}\ne\nop fo ti\na\ntln hlt ee rd\nre ae\niw\nd\nnsi -t ch\nt lh\nod\na\nuy dta .s g, rob wro in nze theor -Ri ar io nn s.\n16 Sharpened by ourprayer: ‘whetted by charm.'—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 640,
            "content": "048 TEE RIGVEDA. [BOOK VI\n17 There where the flights of Arrows fall like boys whose locks\nare yet unshorn.\nEven there may Brahmanaspati, and Aditi protect us well,\nprotectus well through allour days.\n18 Thy vital parts I coverwith thine Armour : with immortality\nKing Somaclothe thee.\nVaruna give thee what ismorethanample, andinthytriumph\nmay the Gods he joyful.\n19 Whoso would kill us, whetherhe be a strange foe oroneof us,\n' May all the Gods discomfit him. My nearest, closest Mail is\nprayer.\n17 Likeloys whoselocks areyet unshorn: ttlie pointofthecomparisonis\nnotveryobvious,but itmay mean that thearrows fallwhere theyHat, as\nboysbeforetheyareleft witht —he lockof hair, before thereligious tonsure,\nplayabout whereverthey like.’ Wilson. Professor Roth separates vigilcM\nfromTcum&rft,andtranslates: ‘Wherethearrowsfly,youngandold\n;\nthatis,\nfeatheredandunfeathered.’\n38 Thyvitalparts: thetdrman, orcoat ofmail, protectedthe shoulders,\nback, chest, and lowerparts of the body. Ifnot made of metal,it was\nstrengthenedand adorned withmetal of some kind. TheIndians in the\narmyofXerxesaresaidbyHerodotusto haveworn Ei/uara aw6 %v\\ojv\nbw ae bw lo yir mj eju ai nv ta, thecl cot oh me ms om nad se oldo iu et rsof ont lh ye\n,\nb aa nr dk no of ttr te he es ch( iV eI fI s. .65 F) o; rb aut fuh llep dr eso --\ncriptionofthearms, offensiveanddefensive, u —sedin Vedictimes, seeMuir,\n0.S. Texts, V. 469 ; AltindixchesLebeiij pp. 293 301 ; or Butt’s History of\nCivilizationinAncientIndia I.p. 88.\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 641,
            "content": "APPENDIX\nI.\nPage 174, Hymn CXXVL\n1 subjoin a Latin version of the two stanzas omitted in my4\ntranslation. They are in a different metre from the rest of the\nhymn, have no apparent connexion with what precedes, and look\nlike a fragment of a liberal shepherd’s love-song. The seventh\nstanza should, it seems, precede the sixth :\n6 [Hie loquitur]. Adhaerens, *arete adhaerens, ilia quae\nmustelae similis se abdidit, multum humorem effundens, dat mihi\ncomplexuum centum gaudia.\n7 [Ilia loquitur]. Prope, prope accede moliiter me tango.\n;\nNe putes pilos corporis mei paucos esse tota sum villosa sicut\n:\nGandharidum ovis.\nProfessor Ludwig thinks that Ydduri (multum humorem,\n%. e semen genitale, effundens) may be the name of a slave-girl.\nGandhctridun ovis : a ewe of the GandMris. The country of\nGandharais placed by Lassen to the west of the Indus and to the\ndouth of the Kophen or Kabul river. King Darius in a rock-\ninscription mentions the Ga(n)ddra together with the Hi(n)du\nas people subject to him, and the Gandarii, together with the\nParthians, Khorasmians, Sogdians, and Dadikae, are said by Hero-\ndotus to have formed part of the army of Xerxes. The name of\nthe country is preserved in the modern Kandahar. See Muir,\nQ. S. I'exts, ii, 342, and Zimmer, Altindisches Leben t p. 30.\nPage 243, Hymn CLXXIX.\nThe deified object of this omitted hymn is said to be Rati or\nLove, and its Rishis or authors are Lop&mudra, Agastya, and a\ndisciple. LopUmudra is represented as inviting the caresses of\nher aged husband Agastya, and complaining of his coldness and\nneglect. Agastya responds in stanza 3, and in the second half of"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 642,
            "content": "—\nmo APPENDIX I.\nstanza 4 the disciple or the poet briefly tells the result of the\ndialogue. Stanza5 is supposed to be spoken by the disciple who\nhas overheardthe conversation, but itsconnexion with the rest of\nthehymn isnotveryapparent. Instanza6 ‘toilingwithstrong en-\ndeavour\" is a paraphraseandnot a translationof theoriginal kha-\nnamdnali khanUraih (ligonibus fodiens) which Sayana explains by\n*obtaining the desired result by means of lauds and sacrifices.1\nM. Bergaigne is of opinion that the hymn has a mystical\nmeaning, Agastya being identifiablewith the celestial Soma whom.\nLopamudra,representingferventPrayer,succeedsafterlonglabour\nindrawing down from his secret dwelling place. See La Religion\nVMique, ii. 354 t\n1 *Through many autumns have I toiled and laboured, at night\narid morn, through age-inducing dawnings.\nk Old age impairs the beauty of our bodies. Let husbands still\ncome near unto their spouses.\n5 For even the men aforetime, law-fulfillers, who with the Gods\n.declared eternalstatutes,\n* They have decided, but have not accomplished : so now let\nwives comenear unto theirhusbands.\n3 £Ton inutilis est labor cui Dii favent : nos omnes aemulos et\naemulas vineamus.\nSuperemus in hac centum artium pugna in qua duas partes\n.eonvenientes utrinque commovemus.\n4 Cupido me cepitillius tauri [viri] qui me despicit, utrum hinc\nutmna illinc ab aliqua parte nata sit.\nLopamudra taurum [maritum suum] ad se detrahit insipiens\n;\nilia sapientem anhelantem absorbet.\n5 This Soma I address that is most near us, that which hath\nbeen imbibed within the spirit,\nTo pardon any sins we have committed. Verily mortal man\nis full of longings.\n6 Agastya thus, toiling with strong endeavour, wishingfor child-\nren, pro —geny and power, —\nCherished a sage ofmighty strength both classes, and with\nthe (3ods obtainedhis prayer's fulfilment.\nBy 4bothclasses* probably priests and princes,or institutors\nof sacrifices, aremeant. M.Bergaigneunderstandstheexpressionto\nmean the two forms or essences of Soma, the celestial and the\nterrestrial"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 643,
            "content": "—\n: ;\nTHE HYMtfS OF THE KIGVEDA,\nBOOK THE SEVENTH.\nHYMN\nI. Agni.\nThe men fromfire-sticks, with their hands* swift movement\nhave, in deep thought, engendered glorious Agni,\nFar-seen, with pointed flame, Lord of the homestead.\n2 The Vasus set that Agni in the dwelling, fair to behold, for\nhelp from every quarter\nWho, in the home for ever, must be honoured.\n3 Shine thou before us, Agni, well-enkindled, with flame, Most\nYouthful God, that never fadeth. ^\nTo thee come all our sacrificial viands.\n4 Among all fires these fires have shone mostbrightly, splendid\nwith light, begirt by noble heroes,\nWhere men of lofty birth sit down together.\n5 Victorious Agni, grant us wealth with wisdom, wealth with\nbrave sons, famouS and independent,\nWhich not a foe who deals inmagic conquers. *\n6 To whom, the Strong, at morn and eve comes, maid-like, the\nladle dropping oil, with its oblation ;\nWealth-seeking comes to him his own devotion,\n7 Burn up all malice with those flames, 0 Agni, wherewith c£f\nold thou burntest up Jarfitha,\nAnd drive £way in silence pain and sickness,\n8 With him who lightetb up thy splendour, Agni, excellent,\n*\npure, refulgent, Purifier,\nBe present, and withus throxigh these our praises.\n9 Agni, the patriarchal men, the mortals who have in many\nplaces spread thy lustre,\nBe gracious to us here fortheir sake also,\n.\nAllthehymnsofthisBookareascribedtotheRishiVasishtha,withwhom,\nhis sons areassociatedastheseers ofpartsoftwohymns.\n1 In deep thought; (withtheirfingers/ accordingto S&yana, this'meaning\nhavingbeenattributedwithoutanyphilologicalgroundsto theword dMhiti*\nWithfromits usein this andsimilarpassages.\n6 Hisoiondevotion theworship whichbelongsespeciallytohim.-\n. ;\n7 JarUtha ; aB&kshasaordemonwith aloud-harsh voice.—SAyanj*. . *w."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 644,
            "content": "—\n: ; :: :\nTHE HYMNS OF {BOOK VII.\n2\n10 Let these men, heroes inthefight withfoemen, prevail against\nall godless arts of magic,\nThese who approve the noble song I sing thee.\n11 Let ns not sit in want of men, 0 Agni, without descendants,\nheroless, about thee\nBut, 0 House-Friend, in houses fullof ohildren.\n12 By sacrifice which the Steeds’ Lord ever visits, there make\nour dwelling rich in seed and offspring,\nIncreasing still with lineal successors.\n.13 Guard us, 0 Agni, from the hated demon, guard us from\nmalice of the churlish sinner\nAllied with^thee may I subdue assailants.\n14 May this same fire of mine surpass all others, this fire where\noffspring, vigorous and firm-handed,\nWins, on a-thousand paths, what ne’er shall perish.\n,15 This is that Agni, saviour from the foeman, who guards the\n' ^ kindler of the flame-from sorrow :\nHeroes of noble lineage serve and tend him.\nJ6 This is that Agni, served in many places, whom the rich lord\nwho brings oblation kindles,\nAnd round him goes the priest at sacrifices.\n.17 Agni, may we with riches in possession bring thee continual\nofferings in abundance,\n^ Using both means to draw thee to ourworship.\n18 Agni, bear thou, Eternal, these most welcome oblations to\nthe Deities’ assembly\nLet them enjoy our very fragrantpresents.\n19 Giveus not up, Agni, to want of heroes, to wretched clothes,\nto need, to destitution.\nYieldns not, Holy One, to fiend or hunger; injure us not at\nhome or in the forest.\n20 Give strength and power to these my prayers, 0 Agni O\n;\nGod,pour blessings on our chiefs and nobles.\nGrant thatboth we and theymaysharethybounty. Ye Gods,\nprotectus evermore with blessings.\n21 Thou Agni, swift to hear, art fair of aspect beam forth, 0\n:\nSonof Strength, in full effulgence.\nLet me not want, with thee, a son for ever let not a manly\n:\nhero ever fail us.\n12 TheSteeds'Lord Agni, whoseswiftflames arecalledhorses.\n17 Bothmeans prayerand praise.\n21 Forfiver: nltye; perpetual\n;\nwhoshall liveforeverinhisposterity."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 645,
            "content": "—\n: ; :\nBYMM Tm mvm)A.\n2.j\n22 Condemn us not to indigence, 0 Agni, beside these flaming\nfires which Gods have kindled\nNor, even after fault, let thy di; spleasure, thine as a God, O\nSon of Strength, ojertake us.\n23 0 Agni, fair of face, the wealthy mortal who to the Im-\nmortal offers his oblation\nHath him who wins him treasure by his Godhead, to Whom\nthe prince, in need, goes supplicating.\n24 Knowing our chief felicity, 0 Agni, bring hither ample\nriches to our nobles,\nWherewith we may enjoy ourselves, 0 Yicfcor, with undimini-\nshed life and hero children. *\n25 Give strengthand powerto thesemy prayers, 0Agni 0 God,\n;\npourblessings on our chiefs and nobles.\nGrant that both we and they may share thy bounty. Ye\nGods, protect us evermore with blessings.\nHYMN\nrr. Ajw?is.\nGladly accept, this day, our fuel, Agni : send up thy sacred\nsmoke and shine sublimely.\nTouchthecelestial summits withthy columns, and overspread\nthee with the rays of Surya.\n2 With sacrifice to thqge w© men will honour the majesty of\nholy Narasansa\nTo these thepure, most wise, the thought-inspirers, Gods who\nenjoy both sorts of our oblations.\n3 We will extol atsacrifice for ever, as men maydo, Agniwhom\nManu kindled,\nYour very skilful Asura, meet for worship, envoy between\nboth worlds, the truthful speaker.\n4 Bearing the sacred grass, the men who serve him strew it\nwith reverence, on their knees, by Agni.\nCalling him to the spotted grass, oil-sprinkled, adorn him, ye\nA lhvaryus, with oblation.\n22 Which Godshavekindled lighted bythe ministeringpriests.\n23 Hathhim : possesses., orenjoys thefa—vour of,Agni. ‘That deity(Agni)\nfavoursthepresenterof(sacrificial) wealth.1 Wilson.\n24 Knowing our chieffelicity; understandingwhatwe want tomake u&\nhappy, thatis,riches.\nThe Apitsarethedivineor deified beingsandobjectsto which the propi-\ntiatoryversesareaddressed. Forother Aprlhymnssee I. 13 ; 188 ;XL3 ;III.\n4 ;V. 5 ; IX. 5 ; X. 70 ;110.\n1 Nardmnsa ‘the Praise of Men’; Agni. Both sorts ofour oblations\nofferings ofghrita gM, orclarifiedbutter, andlibationsofSomajuice.\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 646,
            "content": ": : ; :\nTEE ETMNS OF [BOOK TIL\n• 5 With,holy thoughts the pioushave thrown open Boorsfainfor\nchariotsin the Gods' assembly.\n; Like two,fuUmother cows who lick theiryoungling, like maid-\nens for the gathering, they adorn them,\nfc And let thetwo exalted Heavenly Ladies, Morningand Night,\nlike a cow good at milking,\nGome, much-invoked, and on our grass be seated, wealthy,\ndeserving worship, for oar -welfare.\n7 You, Bards and Singers at men's sacrifices, both filled with\nt wisdom, I incline toworship.\nSend up Qurofferings when we call upon yon, and so among\nthe God#obtainustreasures.\n£ Bharatl with all her-Sisters, Ila accordantwiththe Gods*\nwith mortalsAgni,\nSarasvati with all her kindred Rivers, come to this grass.\nThree Goddesses, and seat them.\nD^Well pleased with us do thou, 0 God, 0 Tvashtar, give ready\nissue to our procreant vigour,\nWhence springs the hero, powerful, skilled in action, lover\nof Gods, adjuster of the press-stones.\nJO Send to the Godsthe oblation, Lord of Forests, and let the\nImmolator, Agni, dress it.\nHe as the truer Priest shall offer worship, for the Gods’ gene-\n^ rations well he knoweth.\n11 Come thou to us, 0 Agni, duly kindled, together with the\npotent Gods and Indra.\n5 Onthis ourgrass sit Aditi, happy Mother, and let our Hail\nj\ndelight the Gods Immortal.\nHYMN\nIII, Agni,\nAssociate with fires, m^ke your God Agni eiavoy at sacrifice,\nbest skilled in worship,\nEstablished firm among mankind, the Ploly, flame-crowned\nand fed with oil, the Purifier.\n5 Doom thedeified doorsqfthehallofsacrificewheretheGodsassemble.\nfainfor chariots welcoming the approachof the carsin. whichthe priests\ncometotheceremony. Thelatterhalfofthestanzais obscure : ‘(theladles)\nplaced to the east areplying thefire withgh$—at sacrifices, as the moth ex'\ncowslickthecalf, orasrivers(waterthefields).’ Wilson.\n6 Likeamo thedualdkend, twocows,insteadofdhenuh, would, as Ludr\nwigsuggests,seem toustobopreferable.\nAgn7 iB aa nr dds Vaa nn id naS ,i on rge Vrs arut nh ae ah nd dtd Ar dd i, to yr a.1two Invokers’ of L 13. 8; perhaps\n8 Stanzas8—H areidenticalwithstanzas 8— If ofBookIII. 4.,\n*1 Associate: sctjdsMh, beingashortenedformof sajMasah,thenominative\njplural. S&yanaexplainsitas axiaccusativesingular, qualifyingAgni."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 647,
            "content": ": ; :\nMYMN Z,} THE JUGVEDA. &\n2 Like a steed neighing eager for the pasture, when he hath\nstepped forth from the great enclosure\nThen the wind following blows upon h: is splendour, and,\nstraight, tlie path is black wliich thou hast travelled.\n3 From thee a Bull but newly born, 0 Agm, tho kindled ever-\nlasting flames rise upward;\nAloft to heaven thy ruddy smoke ascendeth Agni, tholi\n:\nspeedest to the Gods as envoy.\n4 Th %ou whose fresh lustre o’er the earth advanceth when greed-\nwith thy jaws thy food thou eatest.\nLi#ke a host hurried onward comes thy lasso i fierce, with thy\ntongue thou piercest, as ’twere baifley* *\n5 The men have decked him both at eve and morning, Most\nYouthful Agni, as they tend a courser.\nThey kindle him, a guest within his dwelling bright shines\n:\nthe splendour of the worshipped Hero.\n6 0 fair of face, beautiful is thine aspect when, very near at\nhand, like gold thou gleamest. *\n>\nLi^ke Heaven’s thundering roar thy might approaches* and\nlike the wondrous Sim thy light thou showest.\n170 That wemay worship, with yourHail to Agni 1 withsacrificial\ncakes and fat oblations,\nGuard us, 0 Agni, with those boundless glories as with a\nhundred fortresses ofiron.\n8 Thine are resistless songs for him who offers, and hero-giving\nhymns wherewith thou savest\nWith these, 0 Son of Strength, 0 J&tavedas, guard us, pre-\nserve these princes and the singers.\n9 Whenforthhe eometh, like an axe new-sharpened, pure in\nhis form,resplendentin his body,\nSprung, sought with eager longing, fromhis Parents, for the\nGods’ worship, Sage and Purifier\nShine this felicity on us, 0 Agni: may we attain to perfect\nunderstanding.\n* All happinessbe theirs who sing and praise thee. Ye Gods,\npreserve us evermore with blessings.\n—\n2 From, the great enclosure: 'from the vast enclosing (forest).’ Wilson.\nOthers understand itasthe enclosureiuwhich thehorseisconfined.\n4 Thoupiercestas'twerebarley the comparison is somewhat compressed :\nthemeaningis,thou penebratestand fellestthe treesof theforest with thy\ntongueas men cutdown barley with areapingdieok.\n9 FromhisParents; thetwofire-sticks."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 648,
            "content": ": ;\ne THB HYMNS OF IBOOK V1L\nHYMN\nIV, ’ Agni.\nBringforth yourgifts to his refulgent splendour, your hymn\nas purest offeringto Agni,\nTo himwho goes as messenger -with knowledge between all\nsonsofmen and Gods in heaven,\n2 Wise mustthis Agni he, though young and tender, since he\nwasborn, Most Youthful, of his Mother\nHe who with bright teeth seizeth fasttheforests, and eats\nMsfood, though plenteous, in a moment.\n3 Before his presence must weall assemble, this God's whom\nmenhave seized in his white splendour.\nThis Agni ho hath brooked that men should seize him hath\nshone for man with glow insufferable,\n4 Far-seeing hath this Agni been established, deathless mid\nmortals, wise amongthefoolish.\nHere, 0 -victorious God, forbearto harm tis: may we for ever\nsharethy graciousfavour.\n5 He whohathoccupiedhisGod-madedwelling, Agni,in wisdom\nhath surpassed Immortals.\nA Babe unborn, the plants and trees support him, and the\nearthbearethhim the All-sustainer.\n6 Agniis Lord of Amrit inabundance, Lordof thegift of-wealth\nand hero valour, *\n* Victorious God, let us not sitabout theelike men devoid of\nstrength, beauty, and worship.\n7 The foeman’s treasure may be won with labour may webe\n:\nmastersofour own possessions.\nAgni,no son is he who springs from others : lengthen notout\nthe pathwaysof the foolish.\n8 Unwelcome foradoption is the stranger, one t<?be thought of\nas another'soffspring,\nThough grownfamiliarbycontinualpresence. Maycm strong\nhero come, freshly triumphant.\n3 MustweallmsembU I followLudwigin hisinterpretation of samstidi;\nasweereforsaken, and ourprotectoris faraway(at 6, 7,8), wemust crowti\ntotheGodofFirefordefence.\n6 InthesecondlineIhaveborrowedfromPro-f.MaxIMIer, VedicHymns\nI.p. 80. ?\n7 Letusremain in undisturbedpossession ofourownproperty, andlet us\nhave sonsofourownbegettingandnottheadoptedchildrenofothers.\n8 Men donotlookwithpleasureandaffectiononadoptedsons butwearq\nlongi^ngtoseeour absentprotector return to us.—Ludwig. Oth; ers explain\nthelasthalf-versedifferently; *thereforelettherecometous (agon)new-born\npossessed offood, victoriousoverfoes/—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 649,
            "content": ": :\njfftME 5.J ' TEE MG VEDA, 1\n9 Guard us from him who would assail us, Agni preserve us\n;\n0 thou Victor, from dishonour\nHere let the place of darkening come upon thee ; may\"wealth\nbe ours, desirable, in thousands.\n10 Shine this felicity on us, 0 Agni s may we attain to perfect\nunderstanding.\nAll happinessbe theirs who sing and praise thee. Ye Gods,\npresei-ve us evermore with blessings.\nHYMN\nV. Agni.\nBeing forth your song of praise to mi^ghty Agni, the speedy\nmessengerof earth and heaven,\nVaifvanara, who, with those who Wake, hath Waxen great in\nthe lap of all the Gods Immortal.\n2 Sought in the heavens, on earth is*Agni stablished, leader of\nrivers, Bull of standing waters.\nVaisvanara, whenhehath grown in glory, shines on the tribes\nof men with light and treasure.\n^\n3 For fear of thee forth fled the dark-hued races, scattered\nabroad, deserting their possessions,\nWhen, glowing, 0 Vaisvanara, for Puru, thou, Agni, didst\nlight up and lrend their castles.\n4 Agni Vaisvanax'a, both Earth and Heaven submit them to\nthy threefold jurisSiction.\nKefulgent in thine undecaying lustre thou hast invested bo^i\nthe worlds with splendour.\n5 Agni, the tawny horses, loudly neighing, our resonant hymns\nthat drop with oil, attend thee;\nLord of the tribes, our Charioteer of riches, Ensign of days,\nVaisvanara of mornings.\n—— n. — — —*—\n9 ThisstanzaisarepI et: itionof VI. 1o, 12,where See note.\n10 Repeatedfrom stanza10 ofthepreceding hymn.\nThehymnisaddressedtoAgniasVaisvanara, theGod whoispresentwith,\nandbenefits, allAryanmen.\n1 Withthosewho wake tended hythe priests. Accordingto S&yana *as-\nsociatedwiththewakenedGods.’\nas2 LuB du wll igof sus gt ga en sd tsi ,ng pw la at ne tr ss a: nt dhe bum se ha en sin ag reof ins tt el ny di en ddm wi hs iu cnc her At ga ni in. l^ikP eer aha bp us l,\nl\nlevels withtheground.\n3 Thedark-huedraces: accordingtovonRoth, thespiritsofdarkness. Fo?\nP&ru ; or,for man.\n4 Threefoldjurisdiction; inheaven, mid-air, and earth.\n5 The tawny horses the hymns that hasten to Agni like eagerhorse*.\nLudwigtranslatestheharltu£>ofthetextby ‘^old-yellow,’qualifying *hymns;’\nthatis, hymns withlibationsofyellowSomajuice.\n. ;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 650,
            "content": "— —\n:: :\nf !THE EYM&8 OF [BOOK ViL\n6 In thee, 0 bright a£ Mitra, Yasus seated the might ofAsurae,\nfor they loved thyspirit-\nTheft dravest t)asyus from their hofne, 0 Agm, and brought*\nest forth broad light totlight the Arya,\nY Born in the loftiest heaven thou in a moment reachest, like\nwind, the place where Gods inhabit.\nThou, favouring thine offspring, roaredst loudly when giving\n.\nlife to creatures, Jatavedas.\n8 Send its that strength, Vaifvanara, send it, Agni, that\nstrength, 0 J&tavedas, full of splendour,\nWherewith, all-bounteous God, thou pourest riches, as fame\nwide-spreading, on the man who offers.\n9 Agni, bestowupon our chiefs and nobles thatfamous power,\nthat wealth which feedeth many.\nAccordant with the Yasus and the Rudras, Agni, Yaisvanara,\ngive us sure protection.\nHYMN YL Agni.\n''Praise of the Asura, high imperial Ruler, the Manly One in\nwhomthe folk shall triumph\nIlaudhisdeedswhoisasstrongasIndra, andlaudingcelebrate\nthe Fort-destroyer.\n—\n2 Sage, Sign, Food, Light, they bring him from the mountain,\nthe bless&d Sovran of the earth and heaven.\nI decorate with songs the mighty actions which Agni, Fort-\nr\ndestroyer, did aforetime.\n3 Thefoolish, faithless, rudely-speaking niggards, without belief\nor sacrifice orworship,\nFar, far away hath Agni chased those Dasyus, and, in the\neast, hath turnedthe godless westward.\n4 Him whobrought eastward, manliest with Iks prowess, the\nMaids rejoicing in the western darkness,\nThat Agni I extol, the Lord of riches, unyielding tamerof\nassailing foemen.\n5 Him who brake down the walls with deadly weapons, and\ngave the Mornings to a noble Husband,\n6 Thoudravest,* cf. I. 117. 21.\n1 Fort-destroyerj demolisherofthecloud-castles ofthedemonsofdrought,\nprofthestrongholds ofthenon-Aryantribes.\n2 Fromthemountain fromthecloud, aslightning.\n3 Westward; intothedarknessofnight.\n4 Whobroughteastward broughtbackthevanishedlightsofdawn.\n5 Toanoble Husband theSun, orAgni himself, ThetribesofJSahus;or,\naccordingtovonBoth,neighbouringpeople."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 651,
            "content": "—\n; ;\nHfuif ?.] tHJE 1UGtfiDi. I\nYoung Aghi,- who With conquering strength subduing tbtf\ntribes of Nahus made them bring their tribute.\n6 In whose protection all men restby nature, desiring to enjoy\nhis gracious favour\nAgni Vaisv&nara in his Parents' bosomhath found the choic-\nest seat in earth atld heaven.\n7 Vaisvanara the God, at the sun's setting, bath. taken to?\nhimself deep-hidden treasures\n:\nAgni hath taken them front earth and heaven, from the sea\nunder and the sea above us.\nHYMN\nVII. ' Agni.\nI send forth even your God, victorious Agni, likea strong\ncourser, with mine adoration*\nHerald ofsacrifice be he whoknoweth he hathreached Gods’*\n:\nhimself, with measured motion*\n2 By pathsthat are thineown comehither,Agni,joyous,delight-\ning in the Gods’ alliance,\nMaking the heights of earth roar with thyfury, burning w1ith\neager teeth the woods and forests.\n3 The grass is strewn ; the sacrifice advances : adored as Priest,\nAgni is made propitious,\nInvoking both All-b$on-bestowiug Mothers of whom, Most\nYouthful ! thou wast born to help us. ^\n4 Forthwith the men, the best of these for wisdom, have made\nhim leader in the solemn worship.\nAs Lord in homes of men is Agni stablished, the Holy One,\nthe joyous, sweetly speaking.\n5 He hath come, chosen bearer, and is seated in man's home,\nBrahmanyAgni the Supporter,\nHe whom both , Heaven and Earth exalt and strengthen,\nwhom, Giver ofall boons, the Hotar worships.\n6 These have passedall in glory, who, themanly, have wrought\nwith skill the hymn of adoration\n7 Agni becomesthe representativeof theSun, and in bis absence gives\nlightandotherblessingstoman. Theseaaboveus : theocean of air.\n1 Likeastrong courser: glorified withmy praises, likeahorse thathas\nbeen groomed andadorned. Or, perhaps, merely, rapid asahorse.^\nm inea ts hu isre pd lam co eti ason fc: oo nr, sua ms ep ree od fy trr eu en sn /er b. utS i& ny Ia Vn .a 6e .xp 5la ai an ps at rih me iw tao gr ad tim hi ,tad wru if ty h\nmeasuredmotion/\n3 1Both......Mothers HeavenandEarth,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 652,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nIt) tiYMkS OP \\B'ObX rtu\nWho, listening, have advanced the people’s welfare, and set\ntheirthoughts on this my holystatute,\n7 We,*the Vasishthas, now implore thee, Agni, 0 Son of\nStrength, the Lord of wealth and treasure.\nThou hast broughtfood tosingersand tonobles. Ye Gods,\npreserve us evermore with blessings.\nHYMN\nVIII, Agni.\nThe Kingwhoseface isdeckedwithoil iskindledwith homage\noffered by his faithful servant.\nThe men, the priestsadore him with oblations. Agni hath\nshoneforth when the dawn is breaking.\n2 Yea, he hath beenacknowledged as most mighty, the joyous\nPriest of men, the youthful Agni.\nHe, spreading o’er the earth, made light around him, and\ngrew among the plants with blackened fellies.\n3 How dost thou decorate our hymn, 0 Agni ? What power\ndost thou exert when thou art lauded?\n^When, Bounteous God, may we be lords of riches, winners of\nprecious wealth which none may conquer?\n4 Far famed is this the Bharata’s own Agni : he shineth like\nthe Sun with lofty splendour.\nHe who hath vanquished Puru in the battle, the heavenly\nguest hath glowed in full refulgence.\n5 r Full many oblations are in thee collected : with all thine\naspects thou hast waxen gracious.\nThou art already famed as praised and lauded, yet still, 0\nnoblyborn, increase thy body.\n6 Be this my song, that winneth countlesstreasure, engendered\nwith redoubled force for Agni,\nThat,, splendid, chasing sickness, slaying demons, it may\ndelight our friend and bless the singers.\n7 We, the Vasishthas, now implore thee, Agni, 0 Son of\nStrength, the Lord of wealth and riches.\nThou hast brought food to singers and to nobles. Ye Gods,\npreserve us evermore withblessings.\n6 Who settheir thoughtson this myholy statute thatis, apparently, who\ndulyobservethelawwhi —ch requiresustoworshipAgni. fWho areglorifiers\nofthistruthful(deity).’ Wilson.\n? Withblackenedfellies leavingblacktracksbehindhim: *d&rk-pathed.’\nWilson.\ninso4 tiU tC/T u7oh tue on° rtn lB oe?h fsa s tr ha ett ra se aa c; ^ s riuiV frv ia ee cs : ei .s lh , it <f th a ea ru a, lT lr yt i ,h be e hs u)p nu w dr rho eok di st o ,a ppo to s hf e od ut sh t ae h ne dsB B .h ha ar ra a Ot t ua a rs s. . frP i& enr du\n,*\nt th he e'"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 653,
            "content": "; : ;\n10 The jRiGYEbA. IV\n.1\nHYMN\nIX* Agni.\nBoused from their bosom is the Dawns* beloved, th$joyous\nPriest, most sapient, Purifier.\n.\nHe givesasignal both to Gods and mortals,to Gods oblations,\nriches to the pious.\n2 Most wise is he who, forcing doors of Panis, brought the\nbright Sun to us who feedeth many.\nThe cheerful Priest, men’s Friend and home-companion,\nthrough stiil night’s darkness he is made apparent.\n3 Wise, ne’erdeceived, uncircvtmscribed, refulgent, our gracious\nguest, a Friend with good attendants,\nShines forth with wondrous light before the^Moraings the\n:\nyoung plants hath he entered, Child of Waters.\n4 Seeking our gatherings, he, your Jfttavedas, hath shone ador-\nable through human ages,\nWho gleams refulgent with his lovely lustre the kine have\n:\nwaked to meet him when enkindled.\n5 Go on thy message to the Gods, and fail not, 0 Agni, with\ntheir band who pray and worship.\nBring all the Gods that they may give us riches, SarasvatS,\nthe Marats, Asvins, Waters.\n6 Vasishtha, when enkindling thee, 0 Agni, hath slain Jarfitha,\nGive us wealth in plenty.\nSing praise inchoral song, 0 Jatavedas. Ye Gods, preserve\nus evermore with blessings.\nHYMN\nX. Agni\nHe hath sent forth, bright, radiant, and refulgent, like the\nHawn’s Lover, his far-spreading lustre,\npure in his^splendour shines the goLlen Hero : our longing\nthoughts hath he arousedand wakened.\n2 He, like the Sun, bath shone while Mora is breaking, and\npriests who weave the.sacrifice sing praises,\nAgni, the God, who knowstheir generations and visits Gods,\n#\nmost bounteous, rapid envoy.\nThe Dawns’ beJovkl Agni, as lighted up at day-break. A signal of\nsacrifice,\nwhichmenaretoofferandGodsaretoreceive.\n6 Jariltha: see VII. t. 7, wherethe destruction ofJarCithais ascribedto\nAgnihimself. Jarutha, said by S&yanato havebeen a R&kshasa ordemon,\nwas probably auen —emy who was slain inabattleat which Vasishtha was\npresentaspurohita, Ludwig.\n1 LiketheDawn'sZqvw : the Sun. See I.69. I.\n2 And’priests I adoptSftyana’sinterpretation ofthishalf-line."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 654,
            "content": ":\nMM am\n%4 ns of [book vit\n8 Our songs and holy hymns go forth to Agni, seeking the God\nandasking him for riches,\nHimf fair to see,- of goodly aspect, mighty, men’s messenger\nwho carries their oblations.\n4 Joined with the Vasus,.Agni,* bring thou Indra, bring hither\nMighty Riidra With the fiudras*\nAditi good to all men with Adityas, Brihaspati All-bounteous,\nwith the Singers.\n5 Men eagerly implore at sacrifices Agni, Most Youthful God,\nthejoyous Herald.\nFor he is Lord and Ruler over riches, and for Gods’ worship\nan unwearied envoy.\n6 HYMISr XI. Agm.\nGueAt artthou,Agni, sacrifice’sHerald : notwithout thee are\ndeathless Gods made joyful.\n/Pome hither with all Deities about thee : here take thyseat,\nthe first, as Priest, 0 Aghi.\n2 Men Withoblations evermore entreatthee, the swift, to under*\ntake an envoy’s duty.\n<\nHe on whose sacred \"grass with Gods thou sittest, to him,\nO Agni, are the dayspropitious.\n3 Three times a day in thee are shown the treasures sent for\n+ the mortal who presents oblation.\nBringthe Gods hither like a man, 0Agni : be thou our envoy,\nguarding us from curses.\n4 Lord of the lofty sacrifice is Agni, Agni is Lord of every gift\npresented.\nThe Yasus were contented with his wisdom, so the Gods made\nhim their oblation-bearer. r\n0 Agni, bring the Gods to taste our presents : with Indra\nleading, here let themhe joyful.\nConvey this sacrifice to Gods in heaven. Ye Gods, preserve\n,*\nus evermore with blessings.\n4 Singers: orRikvans, deities whoattend and sing thepraisesofsome\nGod : 1theadorable(Angirasas).'— Wilson.\n3 Three timesaday atthe morning, the noon, and the eveninglibation.\nOr the meaningmay he, inthe three fire-receptacles. Likeaman : acting\nlikeahuman priest. TheCommentators explain manushvdt by ‘as,(atthe\nsacrifice) ofMann/ *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 655,
            "content": ":\nIXYMX 11] THE RIGVEDA*. n\nHYMN\nXII. Agni.\nWb with great reverence have approached The Youngestwho\nhath shone forth well-kindled in his dwelling,\nWith wondrous light between wid.e earth and heaven, well-\nworshipped, looking forth in all directions.\n2 Through his great might o’ercoming all misfortunes, praised\nin the house is Agni J&ravedas.\nMay he protect us from disgrace and trouble, both us who\nlaud him and our noble patrons.\n3 0 Agni, thou art Vanina and Mitra Vagishthas with their\nholy hymns exalt thee. ;\nWith thee be most abundant gain of treasure. Ye Gods,\npreserve us evermore with blessings\nHYMN\nXIII, Agni.\nBring song and hymn to Agni, Asuranslayer, enlightener of\nall and thought-bestower*\nLike an oblation on the grass, to please him, I bring thfs tq\nVaisvanara, bymn-inspirer.\n2 Thou with thy flame, 0 Agni, brightly glowing, hast at thy\nbirth tilled full the earth and heaven.\nThou with thy might, Vaisvanara JAtavedas, settest the Gods\nfree from the curste thatbound them.\n3 Agni, when born, thou lookedst on all creatures, like brisk\nherdsman moving round his cattle*\nThe path to prayer, Vaisvanara, thou fQ-qnd^t. Ye Gods,\npreserve us evermore with bles.sings,\nHYMN\nXIV, Agni,\nWith reverenceandwithoffered gifts serve we the God whose\nflame is bright\nLetus bring JAtavedas fuel, and adore Agni when we invoke\nthe Gods.\n2 Agni, may we perform thy rites with fuel, and honour thee,\n0 Holy One, with praises\nHonour thee, Priest of sacr\\ ifice ! with butter, thee, God of\nblessed light with our oblation.\n!\n1 The Youngest[: Agni, roost) youthfulpf the Gods, asbeing continually\nreproduced.\n.\n2 The curse that hound them: the Godsseem tohavebeen subjecttothe\ninfirmities of old ageuntil I **pdra, or, asishere said, Agni, freed them. See\nJV. id. 2. * .' . .ii"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 656,
            "content": "; : : :\nu3\nTHE HYMNS OP [BOOK Tit*\nCome, Agni, withthe Gods to our invoking, come, pleased, to\nofferings sanctified with Vashat.\nMay*we be his who pays thee, God, due honour. Ye Gods,\npreserve us evermore with blessings.\nHYMN XV. Agni,\nOffer oblations in bis mouth, the bounteous God's whom we\nmust serve,\nHis who is nearest kin to us\n2 Who for the Fivefold People's sake hath seated him in every\nhome,\nWise, Youthful, Master of the house.\n3 On all side^ may that Agni guard our household folk and\nproperty\nMay he deliverus from woe.\n4 I have begotten this newT hymn forAgni, Falcon of the sky :\nWill he not give us of his wealth ?\n5^Whose glories when he glows in front of sacrifice are fair\nto see,\nLike wealth of one with hero sons,\n6 May he enjoy this hallowed gift, Agni accept our songs, who\nbears\nOblations, best of worshippers,\n7 Lord ofthe bouse, whom men must seek, we set thee down,\nr 0 Worshipped One\n1\nBright, rich in heroes, Agni ! God t\n8 Shine forth at night and morn : through thee with fires are\nwe provided well.\nThou, rich in heroes, art our Friend.\n9 The men come near thee for theirgain, the singers with their\nsongs of praise\nSpeech, thousandfold, comes near to thee.\n10 Bright, Purifier, meet for praise, Immortal with refulgent\nglow,\nAgni drivesB&kshasas away,\n11 As such, bring us abundant wealth, young Child of Strength,\nfor this thou canst\nMay Bhaga give us what is choice.\n3 Sanctified with Vashat; Vashat(may He hear it to the Gods) is the\nexclamation used at the moment of pouring thesacrificial oilor clarified\nbutteronthefire.\nand9 pS rp ae ye ec rh .: dhhar<i f the imperishable $ here speech.in theshape.of.pr.ai\"se"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 657,
            "content": "d\n:\nHYMN 16 THE RIGVET)A. 15\n]\n12 Tliou, Agni, givest hero fame ; Bhaga and Savitar the God,\nAnd Diti give ns what is good.\n13 Agni, preserve ns from distress ; consume our enemies, 0 God>\nEternal, with thy hottest flames,\n14 And, irresistible, be thou a mighty iron fort to us.\nWith hundred walls for man's defence.\n15 Dothou preserve us, eve and morn, from sorrow, fromthe\nwicked men,\nInfallible! by day and night.\nHYMN\nXVI. Agni.\nWith this my reverent hymn I call Agni for you, the Son of\nStrength,\nDear, wisest envoy, served with noble sacrifice, immortal\nmessenger of all.\n2 His two red horses, all-supporting, let him yoke : let him,\nwell-worshipped, urge them fast.\nThen hath the sacrifice good prayers and happy end, s&i\nheavenly gift of wealth to men.\n3 The flame of him the Bountiful, the Much-invoked, hath\nmounted up,\nAnd his red-coloured smoke-clouds reach and touch the sky :\nthe men arekindling Agni well.\n4 Thee, thee Most Glorious One we make our messenger. Bring\nthe Gods hither to the feast.\nGive us, 0 Son of Strength, all food that feedeth man give\n;\nthat for which we pray to thee.\n5 Thou, Agni, art the homestead's Lord, our Herald at the\nsacrifice.\nLord of all l^pons, thou art the Cleanser and a Sage. Pay\nworship, and enjoy the good.\n6 Give riches to the sacrificer, 0 Most Wise, for thou art he\nwho granteth wealth.\nInspire with zeal each priest at this our solemn rite, all who\nare skilled in singing praise.\n7 0Agniwhoartworshipped well, dearletourprincesbe tothee,\nOur\"wealthypatrons who are governors of men, who part, as\ngifts, their stalls of kine.\n12 Eiti generallyregarded as the opposite, of Adifci,whichmay have been\ntlie word used by the poet, changed by later reciters, whoconsideredthe\nmetreirregular, intoDiti. See VedicHymns f L p. 256.\nof5 thH eer ofa fl id ci; atS io ngla prr i, eso tr s.invo Ak gi nn ig pp er rie fs ot r. msCl te ha ens de ur ti: esTa ot far a, llor hupu mr aif nie pr r, iea an to a.ther"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 658,
            "content": "— —\n: ; ; :\n16 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK Til\n,8 They in whose home, her hand bearing the sacred oil, I3a sits\ndown well-satisfied\nOuard them, Victorious God, from slander and fromharm\n, giye us a refuge famed afar.\n9 Do thou, a Priest with pleasant tongue,,most wise, and very\nnear to us, %\nAgni, bring riches hither to our liberal chiefs, and speed'the\noffering of our gifts.\nJO They whobestow as bountyplenteouswealth of steeds, moved\nby desire of great renown\nDo thou with saving help preserve them from distress, Most\nYouthfu1 ! with ahundred forts.\n11 TheGodwhogivesyour wealth demands a fulllibation poured\nto him.\nPouryeitforth, then fill the vessel full again : then doththe\nGod payheedto you.\n12 Him have the Gods appointed Priest of sacrifice, oblation-\nv\nbearer, passing wise.\nAgni gives wealth and valour to the worshipper, to folk who\npffer up theirgifts.\nHYMH\nXVII. Agni.\nAgni, be kindled well with proper 4uel, and let the grass be\nSpattered wideabout thee.\n2 Let the impatient Portals he thrown open : bring thou the\nGods impatient tocomehither.\n3 Taste, Agni serve the Gods with our oblation. Offer good\n:\nsacrifices, Jtevedas !\n4 Let Jatavedas pay fair sacrifices, worship and gratify the\nGods Immortal. *\n5 Wise God, win for us things that are all-goodly, and let the\nprayers wepray to-dayhe fruitful.\n6 Thee, eyep thee, the Bon of Strength, 0 Agni, those Gods\nhaye made the bearer of oblations.\n7 To thee the God may we perform our worship do thou,\n;\nbesought, grant ns abundant riches.\n8 ltd theGoddesswhoisregarded asthesacrificial foodor oblation per-\nsonified:\nannaritpdhamrlakshanddevt—\nS&yana.\n2 TheimpatientPortals the doors of the sacrificial chamber which lon°g\ntobeartheirpartintheholyceremony,\n6 Those Oods thefamous Gods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 659,
            "content": ":\nEYMN 18.] TEE RIGVEDA, V\nHYMN\nXVIII. lad**.\nAll is with, thee, 0 Indra, all the treasures which erst our\nfathers won who sang thy praises.\nWith thee are milch-kine good tomilk, and horses best win-\n:\nner thou of riches forthe pious.\n2 For like,a King among his wives thou dwellest : with glories,\nas a Sage, surround and help us.\nMake us, thy servants, strong for wealth, and honour our\nsongs with kine and steeds and decoration.\n3 Here these our holy hymns with joy and gladness in pious\nemulation have approached thee.\nHitherward come thy path that leads to richer: may we find\nshelter in thy favour, Indra.\n4 Vasishthahath pouredforth his prayers, desiring to milk thee\nlike a cow in goodly pasture.\nAll these my people call thee Lord of cattle may Indra come\n:\nunto the prayer we offer.\n5 What though the foods spread widely, Indra made them\nshallow and easy for Sudas to traverse.\nHe, worthy of our praises, caused the Sirnyu, foe of our hymn,\nto curse the rivers7 fury.\n6 Eager for spoil was Turyasa Purod&s, fain to win wealth, like\nfishes urged by hunger.\nThe Bhrigus and theJDruhyus quickly listened friendrescued\n:\nfriend mid the two distant peoples.\nThe hymnglorifiesIndraastheprotectorof Sud&s, theKingof theTritsus,\nand praises the liberality of that prince. See Vedic India (Story of the\nJfatious Series), pp. 319—332.\n4 Vasishtha the Rishi of the hymn, and the chief priest who had\naccompanied the 'yarlike expedition of Sudas. To milk thee: to obtain\nriche3 throughthy favour by means of my hymn, as menmilk the cow at\nsacrificeforthemilk whichis requiredfor libations.\n5 Thepoet beginsto recountthe events of Sud^s's victorious expedition.\nThese are notalways intelligiblepartlyon accountof the obscure phraseology\nemployed, andpartlyonaccount of ourignoranceofdetails whicharevaguely\nalludedto. In this stanza Sud&s, kingor chief of theTritsu tribe, has, with\ntheaid of Indra, crossed adeep river (the Parashawhich isnowcalled the\nRdvt), andputtheSimyus to flight, some of the fugitivesbeing drowned in\nits waters. The Simyus arementioned together with the Dasyus,in I. 190.\n3-8, as hostilebarb.irians slain by Indra. The second half of the stanza is\ndifficult, the meaning of twoof thewords beinguncertain.\n6 TarvasaPurodU : Turvasaappearshereasoneof the enemies of Sud&s,\nIfollow, with mueiihesitation, Ludwigin taking Purod&aas an appellative of\nTurvasa: fTurvasa, who was preceding (at solemn rites).’—Wilson. The\nfihrigus and the JDruhyus: here, apparently, allies of Turvasa. Fis.hes:\naccordingto others, Matsyas, apeople.\n2"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 660,
            "content": ":\n18 THE HYMNS OF [BOOH'VIL\n7 Together came the Pakthas, the Bhal&nas, the Alinas, the\nSivas, the VisMnins.\nYetto the Tritsus came the Arya’s Comrade, through love of\nspoil and heroes5 war, to lead them.\n8 Fools, in their, folly fain to waste her waters, they parted in-\nexhaustible Parushni.\nLord of theEarth, he with hismight repressedthem : still lay\nthe herd and the affrighted herdsman.\n9 As to their goal they sped to their destruction they sought\n:\nParushni e’en the swift returned not.\n;\nIndra abandoned, to Sudas the manly, the swiftly flying foes,\nunmanly babblers.\n10 They went like kine unherded from the pasture, each cling-\ning to a friend as chance directed.\nThey who drive spotted steeds, sent down by Prism, gave\n^ ear, the Warriors and the harnessed horses.\n11 The King who scattered one-and-twenty people of both\n—\nYaikarna tribes through lust of glory\nAs the skilled priest clips grass within the chamber, so hath\nthe Hero Indra wrought their downfall.\n7 ThePakthas\n,\nand the rest mentioned in the firstline of thestanza\nCppeartohavebeen non-Aryantribes opposed tothe Tritsus. According to\nthe Scholiast these names are the denominations of various ministersat\nreligiousrites,andfollowingthis interpretationWilson translatesthestanza\nasfollows: ‘Thosewhodressthe oblation, those who pronounceauspicious\nwords, those whoabstain frompenance,thosewhobearhorns(intheirhands),\nthose who bestow happiness (onthe^worldbysacrifice), glorifythat Indra\nwho recovered the cattle^of the Aryafrom theplunderers, whoslewthe\nenemies in battle.’ The Aryu's Comrade ; Indra, theaHy of Tritsu against\nthe non-Aryanconfederacy.\n8 Theconfederates,whowereon therightorfarther bankoftheParushni,\nintendingtoattackSuddsandtheTritsus,appeartohaveattemptedto make\ntheriverfordablebydigging channelsandso divertingthewater, which, it\nse^ms,rushedbuckintoitsnaturalbedanddrownedthemenwhowere cross-\ningthestream. Thesecondlineof thestanzaisobscureand the translation\nis conjectural. Wilson translates: ‘but he by his greatness pervades the\nearth, Kavi,the sou of Chayamdna,like a falling victim,sleeps (indeath).*\nTheherdandtheherdsmanare,ofcourse, thehostilebandanditsleader.\n10 They went: thefugitiveswhoescapeddrowning. Theywhodrivespotted\nsteeds: theMiaruts, sentdownbytheirmotherPrismtoaidSudds.\n11 People: or.houses, i. e. families. Both Vaikarna tribes perhapssome\naa Z 'l il mmi ye ms te ho r if , ct Ah l be t ai tD tnr ldu eish aey tku es s so; L meb ehu et n p, lt ah p ce .\ne\n1m c0e a3a l. ln ei dn Lg Vu ad io w kf i ag rv na t ahi uik nu kr bsn eu tty who eah t eni ts h Ie nu dn rc ree afr et r (a e ti n hn c e. e Ki isS nte goe\n)\nand the Maruts(the one-and-twentypeople). Clipsgrass: withoneclean cut."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 661,
            "content": ":; : : :\nfTYMN 18.] THE RIGVEDA. 19\n12 Thou, thunder-armed, o'erwhelmedst in the waters famed\nancient Kavaslia and then the Druhyu.\nOthers here claiming friendship to their friendship, devoted\nunto thee, in thee were joyful.\n13 Indra at once with conquering might demolished all their\nstrong places and their seven castles.\nThegoodsof Ann'sson hegave toTritsu. May wein sacrifice\nconquer scornful Puru.\n14 The Anavas and Druhyus, seekingbooty, haveslept, the sixty\nhundred, yea, six thousand,\nAnd six-and-sixtyheroes. For thepiouswere allthesemighty\nexploits done by Indra. p\n1517These Tritsus under Indra's careful guidance came speeding\nlike loosed waters rushing downward.\nThe foemen, measuringexceeding closely, abandonedto Slides\nall their provisions.\n16 Thehero's sidewho drankthe dressed oblation, Indra'sdenser,\nfar o'er earth he scattered.\nIndra brought down the fierce destroyer's fury. He gave\nthem various roads, the path's Controller.\nE'en with the weak he wrought this matchless exploit: e'en\nwith a goat he did to death a lion.\nHe pared the pillar^ angles with a needle. Thus to Sud&s\nIndra gave all provisions. 0\n12 Kavaslia perhapsthe priestof one of thetwo Vaikarna tribeswhich\nZimmerisinclined toidentifywiththeKuru-Krivis. See AltindischesLehen,\np, 127. Othershere: ‘for they, Indra,Whoaredevotedtotheeand glorify\nthee, preferringthyfriendship, enjoy it.’—Wilson. The exact meaning is\nuncertain. «*\n13 To Tritsu to Sudds, theKingoftheTritsus.\n14 TheAnavas men ofthe Anutribe. Thesixty hundred: ‘Theenu-\nmerationisveryobBC'r'1- *r :7 \\saidshatsahasrd shashtiradhi\ns uh na dt e, rsl tit ae nr dal sly, bysix st ay t' d. n; i' ' ti housands,:! s«hasrd,ns Ui yx aty r, thw ai ht 'h —s Wi ix lsm oo nr .e;\n*\n*S S& iy xa tu ya\n-\nsixthousandsix hundre,dandsix.’ .Ludwigsuggests thatdasdshouldberead\ninsteadof satfl, whichw—ould make the number6666. See Benfey, Vedica\nundLinguistica, pp.139 162.\n15 Measuringexceedingclosely though takinggreat careoftheir goods\nandreluctantlygivingthemup.\n16 Thehero's side thepartyof thehostile leader, thenon-Aryans who\ndeniedIndra, andthemselves devouredthe oblations thatshouldhavebeen\npresentedto him. Hegavethem variousroads: made themflyin alldirec-\ntions.\n17 E'enwithagoat: impossibledeedsmentioned as illustrationsofIndra’s\nmiraculouspower."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 662,
            "content": "&\n: :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOH VI\n18 To thee have all thine enemies submitted : e'en the fierce\nBheda hast thou made thy subject.\nCast down thy sharpened thunderbolt, 0 Indra, on himwho\nharms the men who sing,thy praises.\n19 Yamuna and the Tritsus aided Indra. There he stripped\nBheda bare of all his treasures.\nTheAjas and the Sigrus and the Yakshus brought in to him\nas tribute heads of horses.\n20 Not to be scorned, but like Dawns past and recent, 0 Indra,\nare thy favours and thy riches.\nDevaka, Manyamana’s son, thouslewest, andsmotestSambarn\nfrom thelofty mountain.\n21 They who, from home, have gladdened thee, thy servants\nBarbara, Vasishtba, Satay&tu,\nWill not forget thy friendship, liberal Giver. So shall the\ndays dawn prosperous forthe princes.\n22JPriest-like, with praise, I rnoYO around the altar, earning\nPaijavana’s reward, 0 Agni,\nTwo hundred cows from Devav&n’s descendant, twochariots\nfrom Sudas with mares to draw them.\ng3 Gift of Paijavana, four horses bear me in foremost place,\ntrained steeds with pearl to deck them.\nSudd’s brown steeds, firmly-stepping, carry me and my sou\n* far progeny and glory.\n24 Him whose famespreadsbetween wideearth and heaven, who,\nas dispenser, gives each chief his portion,\nSeven flowing Rivers glorify like Indra. He slew Yudhy^\nmadhi in close encounter.\n18 Bheda : anenemyofSudds, oranunbeliever, saysSd^ina.\n19 Yamund: the Jumna. Uuiitisnqteasyto see bow the expedition\nbr uea tc nh oe td hs io ngfar is. knT oh we niVj ra es g3 aS rf dl igr nu gs, ta hn ed mY .aks Hh eu as dswer oe fp he or rsh ea sps\n•'\ns wu hb ij cec htt ho aB dh be ed ea n,\nkilledinbattle.\n20 Like Dawns : renewed everyday. Devaka : notmentioned elsewhere.\nAccordingtoGrassrqanndevakatn mdnyamdndmrefersto SUmbara, *thinking\nhimselfa God/\n21Pard%araissaidbyoneauthoritytohave beentheson,andbyanotherthe\ngrandson ofthe lvishiVasishtha. Sitaydtuissaidto beSakti, Yusjshtha’sson.\n22 Herebeginsthe ddnastutior praiseqfthe prince’s liberality/ Paija-\nvana Sudds, descendantof Pijavana. Devavfin’s descendant Sudds,Deva-\nvdn being either the same as Divoddsa, tfle fatherof Sudds or oneof his\nforefathers.\n24 Sevenflowing Rivers glorify: the seven chief rivers of the Panjdb\nglorifyhimastheyglorifyIndra. Or, they (men) praise himas theseven\nrivers praise Indra. <Thesevenriversbearhisgloryfarandwide’ (I. 102-2).\nYudhydmidld:notmentionedelsewhere."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 663,
            "content": ":: : : : !\nHYMN 19.] THE ktGVMDA. 21\n25 Attend on him. 0 ye heroic Maruts as on Sud&s’s father\nDivodslsa.\nfurther Paijavana’s desire with favour. Guard faithfully\nhis lasting firm dominion.\nHYMN\nXIX. Indra,\nHe like a hull with sharpened horns, terrific, singly excites\nand agitates all the people\nThou givest him who largely pours libations his goods who\npours not, for his own possession.\n£ Thou, verily, Indra, gavest help to Kutsa, willingly giving\near to him in battle,\nWhen, aiding Arjuneya, thou subduedst to him both Kuyava\nand the Dasa Sushna.\n$ 0 Bold One, thou with all thine aids hast boldly holpen Sud&s\nwhose offerings \"Were accepted,\nPuru in winning land and slaying foemen, and Trasadasyu\nson of PuriikiitSa. ?\n4 At the Gods’ banquet, hero-souled with Heroes, Lord of Bay\n!\nSteeds, thou slowest many foe1men.\nThou sentest inswift deathto sleepthe Dasyu, both Chumuri\nand Dhuni, for Dabhiti.\n5 These were thy mighty powers that, Thunder-wielder, thou\nswiftly crushedst nine-and-ninety castles\n:\nThou capturedst the hundredth in thine onslaught thou\n;\nslewest Namuchi, thou slowest Vritra.\n6 Old are the blessings, Indra, which thou gavest Sudas the\nworshipper who brought oblations.\nForthee, the Strong, I yoke thy strong Bay Horses : may our\nprayers reach thee and win strength) Most Mighty\n7 Give us not up, Lord of Bay Horses, Victor, in this thine own\nassembly, to the wicked.\nDeliver us with true and faithful succours : dear may we be\nto thee among the princes.\n.\n25 Maruts : here, perhaps, theMV'V-vv’ > -r-'^hy noblesare intended\nwhostandinthesamerelationto i i - toIndra.\n1 Excites and agitates as Godof battles. Thou Indra. This abrupt\nchangefromthethirdperson-totheSecondisnobunusualiutheVeda.\n2 Arjuneya Kutsa, descendantofArjuna, See I. 112.23. Kuyava: See\nI. 103. 8.\n4 For Chumuri Dhani, and Dabhiti seeVol. I. Index.\n5 Namuchi an, otherdemonof droug, ht. SeeI. 53. 7. In thineonslaught;\naccordingto S&yana—, forthy dwelling : thouhast occupiedthehundredth\nasaplace ofabode.’ Wilson.\n6 Sudds ; the Kingofthe Tritsus, celebratedin thepreceding hymn,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 664,
            "content": ": : :\n22 THEHYMNS OF [BOOK VII\n8 May we men, Magliavan, the friends thoulovest, near thee be\njoyful underthy protection.\nFain to fulfil the wish of Atithigva humble the prideof Tur-\nvasa and Yadva.\n9 Swiftly, in truth, 0 Maghavan, about thee men skilled in\nhymning sing their songs and praises.\nElect us also into their assembly who by their calls on thee\ndespoiled the niggards.\n10 Thine are these lauds, 0 manliest of heroes, lauds which\nrevert to us and give us riches.\nFavour these, Indra, when they fight with foemen, as Friend\nand Hero and the heroes’ Helper.\n11 Now, lauded forthine aid, Heroic Indra, sped by our prayer,\nwax mighty in thy body.\nApportion to us strength andhabitations. Ye Gods, protect us\nevermore with blessings.\nHYMN XX. Indra.\nStrong, Godly-natured, bom for hero exploit, man’s Friend,\nhedoth whatever deed he willeth.\nSaving us e’en from great transgression, Indra, the Youthful,\nvisiteth man’s home with favour.\n2 Waxing in greatness Indra slayeth Yritra the Hero with his\n:\naid hath helped the singer. *\nr He gave Sudas wide room and space, and often hath granted\nwealth to him who brought oblations.\n3 Soldier unchecked, war-rousing, battling Hero, unconquered\nfrom ofold, victorious ever,\nIndra the very stronghath scattered armies yea, he hath\n;\nslain each foe whofought against him.\n4 Thou with thy greatness hast filled full, 0 Ifidra, even both\nthe worlds with might, 0 thou Most Mighty.\nLord of Bays, Indra, brandishing histhunder, is gratified with\nSoma at the banquet.\n5 A Bull begatthe Bull forjoy ofbattle, and a strongMother\nbroughtforth him the manly.\n8 Atiihigm probablyadescendant of SucMs who must have livedlong\nbeforethecomposition ofthis hymn, as thefavour bestowedupon himby\nIndraisspokenofasoldinstanza 6. Yddva orYadu’sson.\n9 Electusalso thatis,letussharetheblessingswhich thou withholdesfc\nfromtheilliberalchurlswhooffernooblations andgivesbto those who call\nupon theeand worshipthee.\n5 /I Bullbegatthe Bull: *A vigorous(god ) begotavigorous (son)/— Muir.\niT nh te enf da et dh .er Aof sI tn rd or na gi Ms oK ta hs ey ra :pa A, dia tc ic .ording toSdyana .;hutprobably Dyausis"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 665,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMN 21.] THE RIGVEDA. 23\nHe who is Chiefof men, their armies’ Leader, isastrong Hero,\nbold, and fain for booty.\n6 The people falter not, nor suffer sorrow, who win themselves\nthis God’s terrific spirit.\nHe who with sacrifices worships Indra is lord of wealth, law-\nborn and law’s protector.\n7 Whene’er the elder fain would help the younger, the greater\ncometh to the lesser’s present.\nShall the Immortal sit aloof inactive? 0 Wondrous Indra,\nbring us wondrous riches.\n108 Thy dear folk, Indra, who present oblations, are, in chief\nplace, thy friends, 0 Thunder-wielder. *\nMay we be best content in this thy favour, sheltered by One\nwho slays not, but preserves us.\n9 To thee the mighty hymn hath clamoured loudly, and,\nMaghavan, the eloquent hath besought thee.\nDesire of wealth hath come upon thy singer help us then,\nSakra, to our share of riches. : r\nPlace us by food which thou hast given, O Indra, us and the\nwealthy patrons who command us.\nLet thy great power bring good to him who lauds thee. Ye\nGods, preserve us evermore with blessings.\n*HYMN\nXXI. Indra.\nPressed is the juice divine with milk commingled: thereto\nhath Indra everbeen accustomed.\nWe wake thee. Lord of Bays, with sacrifices mark this our\n:\nlaud in the wild joy of Soma.\n2 On to the rite they move, the grass they scatter, these Soma-\ndrinkers eloquent in synod.\nHither, formentograsp, are broughtthepress-stones,far-thun-\ndering, famous, strong, thatwait on heroes.\n6 Law-born borninaccordancewiththelaw.\n7 Therelations between Gods andmenresemble thosebetween elders and\njuniors,superiors andinferiors among men. Theinferiorcomesto his superior\nwithsome offeringin his hand andis assisted by him inreturn. So Indra\nshouldaccept our oblations, and rewardus with wealth.\n9 The eloquent: stfimtik according to Ludwig, the Greek <rr(0/iiv\\oq\n(from(TTOjUta mouth),mouthy,talkative,and,inagood sense, fluent,eloquent.\n}\nTheCommentators explain thewordas cpraiser.’\n1 We ivahethee: or, we thinkof thee, serve thee."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 666,
            "content": ": :\nU\nTHE HYMtfS OF [BOOH fit\n3 Indra,thousetteatfreethemanywatersthatwereencompassed,\nHero, by the Dragon.\nDown rolled, as if on chariots boi*ne, the river'si through fear*\nof thee all things created tremble.\n4 Skilled in all manly deeds the God terrific hath with his\nweapons mastered these opponents.\nIndra in rapturous joy shook down their castles h© slew\n:\nthem in his might, the Thunder-wielder.\n5 No evil spirits have impelled us, Indra, norfiends, 0 Mightiest\nGod, with their devices.\nLetour true God subdue the hostile rabble let notthe lewd\n:\napproach5our holy worship.\n6 Thou in thy strength surpassest Enrth and Heaven: the\nregions comprehend notall thy greatness.\nWith thine own powerand might thou slewest Vritra no foe\n:\nhath found the end of thee in battle.\n7rEven the earlierDeitiessubmittedtheirpowersto thy supreme\n10 divine dominion.\nIndra wins wealth anddealsit outto others\n;\nmenin thestrife\nfor booty call on Indra.\n8 The humble hath invoked thee for protection, thee, Lord of\ngreat felicity, 0 Indra.\nThouwithahundredaidshastbeenoifrHelper\n:\none whobrings\n„ gifts like thee hath his defender.\n9 May we, 0 Indra, be thy friends for ever, eagerly, Conqueror,\nyielding greater homage.\nMay, through thy grace, the strength of us who battle quell\nin the shock the onset of the foeman.\nPlace us by food which thou hastgiven, 0 Indra, us andthe\nwealthy patrons who command us. *\nLet thy great power bring good to him who lauds thee. Ye\nGods, preserve us evermore with blessings.\nHYMN\nXXII.\nIndra\nDrink Soma, Lord of Bays, and let it cheer thee : Indra, the,\nstone, like a well guided courser,\nDirected bythe presser’s arms hath pressed it.\n4 These opponents accordingtoS&yana, the demons oftheair. The text\nbaano nounfor cthese/\n5 The lewd those who'donot follow Vedie observances, accordingto\nY Te& xs tk sa. IV.Fo 4r 06a—f 4u 1ll 1.discussionof the meaning of aisnddevdh see Muir, 0\n.\nS.\n,\ndef8 enO dn ee rw ah gao i*nb sr ti eng vs erg yif ot vs erl pi oke wet rh ie ne g: (aS s& sy aa iln aa nt)in lt ie kr epr te ot ts hed ei /f—fer We in lt sl oy n: .'beour"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 667,
            "content": ": ; !\nMifMN 23.] THE R1GVEDA. 25\n2 So let the draught of joy, tby dear companion, by which, 0\nLord of Bays, thou slayestfoemen,\nt)elight thee, Indra, Lord of princely treasures.\n3 Mark closely, Maghavan, the words I utter, this eulogy\nincited by Vasishtha\nAccept the prayers I offer at thy banquet.\n4 Hear thou the call ofthejuice-drinking press-stone hear thou\n:\nthe Brahman’s hymn who sings and lauds thee.\nTake to thine inmost self these adorations.\n8 I know and ne’er forget the hymns and praises of thee, the\nConqueror, and thy strength immortal.\nThy name I ever utter, Self-Refulgent\n6 Among mankind many arethy libations, and many a time the\npious sage invokes thee.\n0 Maghavan, be not long distant from us.\n7 All these libations are for thee, 0 Hero : to thee I offer these\nmy prayers that strengthen. *”\nEver, in every place, must men invoke thee.\n8 Neverdomen attain, 0Wonder-Worker, thygreatness,Mighty\nOne, who must be lauded,\nNor, Indra, thine heroic power and bounty.\n9 Among all Rishis, In^ra, old and recent, who have engender-\ned hymns as sacred singers,\nEven with us be thine auspicious friendships. Ye God$\npreserve us evermore with blessings.\nHYMN\nXXIII. Indra.\nPrayershavebeenofferedupthroughloveofglory Vasishtha,\n:\nhonour In<jja in the battle.\nHe who with might extends through all existence hears words\nwhich I, his faithful servant, utter.\n2 A cry was raised which reached the Gods, O Indra, a cry to\nthem to send us strength in combat.\nNone among men knows his own life's duration : bear us in\nsafety over these our troubles.\n3 The Rays, the booty-seeking car I harness ; my prayers have\nreached him who accepts them gladly.\n4 Juice-drinking: thatpresses out thejuiceof the plant, andso maybe\nsaidto drinkit. TheScholiastinsertsmama, ofme : 4Heartheinvocation o’f\nthe(grinding)stone (of me)repeatedly drinking (theSoma).'—Wilson.\n2 A crywasraised I followPischel’s—interpretationof this very difficult\nstanza. See VedischeJStudien I. pp. 34 36.\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 668,
            "content": "; ; :\n26 THE HYUM OF [BOOK Vlt\nIndra, when he had slain resistless foemen, forced with his\nmight the two world-halves asunder.\n4 Like barren cows, moreover, swelled the waters : the singers\nsought thy holyrite, 0 Indra.\nCome unto us as with his team comes V&yu thou, through\n:\nour solemn hymns bestowest booty.\n5 So may these gladdening draughts rejoice thee, Indra, the\nMighty, very bounteous to the singer.\nAlone among the Gods thou pitiest mortals ; 0 Hero, make\nthee glad at this libation.\n6 Thus the Vasishthas glorify with praises Indi'a the Powerful\nwhose asm wields thunder.\nPraised, may he guard our wealth in kine and heroes. Ye\nGods, preserve us evermore with blessings.\nHYNM XXI Y. Indra.\nA home is made for thee to dwell in, Indra : 0 Much-invoked,\nr go thither with the heroes.\nThat thou, to prosper us, maystbe our Helper, vouchsafe us\nwealth, rejoice with draughts of Soma.\n2 Indra, thy wish, twice-strong, is comprehended pressed is\nthe Soma, poured are pleasant juices. :\nThis hymn of praise, from loosened tongue, made perfect,\ndraws Indra toitself with loud invoking.\n^3 Come, thou Impetuous God, from earth or heavencome toour\nholy grass to drink the Soma.\nHither to me let thy Bay Horses bring thee to listen to our\nhymns and make thee joyful.\n4 Come unto us with all thine aids, accordant, Lord of Bay\nSteeds, accepting our devotions,\nFair-helmeted, overcoming with the mightyf and lending us\nthe strength of hulls, 0 Indra.\n5 A.s to the chariot pole a vigorous courser, this laud isbrought\nto the great strong Upholder.\nThis hymn solicits wealth ofthee : in heaven, as 7twere above\nthe sky, set thou our glory.\n6 Withpreciousthings. 0 Indra, thuscontent us: may weattain\nto thine exalted favour. *\nSend our chiefs plenteous food with hero children. Preservo\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n4 Barrencows which arefatterthan others.\n1 A home : in thesacrificialchamber. Heroes or,men ; the priests.\n4 Fair-hclmctecl orfair-checked, orhandsome*chinned."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 669,
            "content": "mV\n23.] THE RtGVEEA. 27\nHYMN\nXXV. Indra.\nWhek with thy mighty help, 0potent Indra, the armies rush\ntogether in their fury,\nWhen from the strongman’s arm the lightning flieth, let not\nthy mind go forth to side with others.\n2 0 Indra, where the ground is hard to traverse, smite down\nour foes, the mortals who assail us.\nKeep far from us the curseof thereviler bring usaccumulat-\n:\ned store of treasures.\n3 God of the fair helm, give Sudas a hundred succours, a\nthousand blessings, and thy bounty.\nStrike down the weapon of our mortal foeman*: bestow upon\nus splendid fame and riches.\n4 I wait the power of one like thee, 0 Indra, gifts of a Helper\nsuch as thou art, Hero.\nStrong, Mighty God, dwell with me now and ever Lord of\nBay Horses, do not thou desert us. :\nf\n5 Here are the Kutsas supplicating Indra for might, the Lord\n•of Bays for God-sent conquest.\nMake our foesever easyto hevanquished may we,victorious,\nwin the spoil, 0 Hero. :\n6 With precious things, 0 Indra, thus content us may we\n:\nattain to thineexaltbd favour.\nSend our chiefs plenteous food with hero children. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nXXYI. Indra.\nSoma unpressed ne’er gladdened liberal Indra, no juices\npressed without a prayer have pleased him.\nI generate a laud that shall delight him, new and heroic,\nso that he*may hear us.\n2 At every laudthe Somagladdens Indra pressed juices please\nhim as each psalm is chanted, :\nWhat time the priests with one united effort call him to aid,\nas sons invoke their father.\n3 These deeds he did; let him achieve new exploits, such as the\npriests declare at their libations.\nThebattle has begun, andthesinger praysto Indraforaid.\n1 The lightning: theswiftandflashing arrow. Others : theene —my.\n3 Sudds ; according toS&yana, 4the liberaldonor (ofoblations).’ Wilson.\nThe Kutsas ; apparently thepriestsof the hostileparty.\n1 Soma wipressed: cp. VI. 41. 4, Soma when(properly) pressed excels the\nimpressed («»rill-pressed) Soma. Xotonlymustthe juice be duly expressed,\nbutit must beexpressed and offeredwithprayer."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 670,
            "content": ":\n23 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK YIL\nIndra hath taken and possessed all castles, like as one com-\nmon husband doth hisspouses.\n4 Even thus have they declared him. Famed is Indra as Con-\nqueror, sole distributer of treasures\nWhose many succours come in close; succession. May dear\ndelightful benefits attend us;\n5 ThuSj to bring help to men, Vasishtha laudeth Indra, tliO\npeoples’ Hero, at libation.\nBestow upon us strength and Wealth in thousands* Preserve\nus evermore, ye Grodsj with blessings*\n» HYMN XXVII. Indra.\nMen call on Indra in the armed encounter that he may make\nthe hymns they sing decisive.\nHero, rejoicing in thy might* in combat gWe US a portion of\nthe stall of cattle.\n<*2 Grant, IndraMaghavan, invoked of many, to thesemyfriends\nthe strength which thou possessest.\nThou, Maghavan, hast rent strong places open unclose for\n:\nus, Wise God, thy hidden bounty.\n3 King ofthe living world, of men, is Indra, of all in varied\nform that earth containeth.\nThence to the worshipper he givethT riches may he enrich US\n:\n** also when we laud him.\n4 Maghavan Indra, when we all invoke him, bountiful ever\nsendeth strength to aid us\n: „\nWhose perfect guerdon, never failing, bringeth wealth to the\nmen, to friendsthe thingthey covet.\n5 Quick, Indra, give us TOom and way to jpehes, and let us\nbring thy mind to grant us treasures,\nThat we may win us cars and steeds and cattle. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nXXVIII. Indra.\nCowe to our prayers, 0 Indra, thou who knowest : let thy\nBay Steeds be yokedand guided hither.\nThough mortal men on every side invoke thee, stillgive thine\near to us, 0 All-impeller.\n3 All castles:allthestrongholdsofthedemons ofdrought, the cloud-cas-\ntlesinwhichtherainisimprisoned.\nene1 myG .iveusaportion , etc aid usto captureand carryoff the cattle ofthe"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 671,
            "content": "—\n: : : :\nHYMN 29,} THE RIGVEDA. 2&\n2 Thy greatness reacheth to our invocation, the sages’ prayer\n•which, Potent God. thou guardest.\nWhat time thy hand, 0 Mighty, holds the thunder, awful in\nstrength thou hastbecome resistless.\n5 What time thou drewest both world-halves together, like\nheroes led by thee who call each other —\nFor thou wast bom for strength and high dominion then\ne’en the active overthrew the sluggish.\n4 Honour us in these present days, 0 Indra, for hostile men are\nmaking expiation.\nOur sin that sinless Varum discovered, the Wondrous-Wise\nhath long ago forgiven. T\n6 We will address this liberal Lord, this Indra, that he may\ngrant usgifts of ample riches,\nBestfavourer of the singer’s prayer and praises. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN XXIX.\nThis Somabathbeen pressed for thee, 0 Indra come hither,\n:\nLord of Bays, for this thou lovest.\nPrink ofthis fair, this well-effused libation : Maghavan, give\nus wealth when we implore thee.\n2 Come to us quickly with thy Bay Steeds, Hero, come to our\nprayer, accepting our devotion.\n^\nEnjoy thyself aright at this libation, and listen thou unto the\nprayers we offer.\n3 What satisfaction do our hymns afford thee ? When, Magha-\nyan? Now let us do thee service.\nHymns, only hymns, with love for thee, I weave thpe then\nhear, O Jndra, these nxine invocations. :\n2 Thygreatness reachethto opr invocation thouhastthe power to dome\nto ourcallifthouwilt.\n3 1Drewest bothworld-halves together settest heavenand earthoppositeto\neach other, like armies arrayed forbattle. E'en the active the meaningof\nthe half-lineis doubtful, andchit, even, seems tobe out ofplace. Wilson\ntranslates, afterS&yana : ‘whencethe presenterof offerings overcomeshim\nwho offersthemnot/ AccordingtoProfessorGrassmann, 1theactive’isIndra,\nand ‘theinactiye’ isthe sluggish demon. Ludwigsuggestsanalterationof\nthetext.\n4 Are rooking expiation or, possibly, set themselves in order, that is,\nequipandpreparethemselvesforbattle. The Wondrous-Wise ;mdy%;Yaruna,\n—\n3 Novoletusdotheeservice; nUndm ; cnotimelikethepresent/ Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 672,
            "content": ":: ; *\n30 THE HYMNS OF « [BOOK VII\n4 They, verily, were also human beings whom thou wast wont\nto hear, those earlier sages.\nHence I, 0 Indra Maghavan, invoke thee : thou afrfc our Pro-\nvidence, even as a Father. 4\n5 We will address this liberal Lord, this Indra, that he may-\ngrant us gifts of ample riches,\nBest favourer of the singer’s prayer and praises. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN XXX.\nIndra.\nWith power and strength, 0 Mighty God, approach us : be\nthe augmenter, Indra, of these riches\nStrong Thunderer, Lord of men, for po'tent valour, for manly\nexploit and for high dominion.\n2 Thee, worth invoking, in the din of battle, heroes invoke in,\nfray for life and sunlight. * *\nAmong all people thou art foremost fighter give up our\n* enemies to easy slaughter. :\n3 When fair bright days shall dawn on us, 0 Indra, and thou\nshalt bring thybanner near in battle,\nAgni the Asura shall sit as Herald, calling Gods hither for\nour great good fortune.\n4 Tnine are we, Indra, thine, both tl^ese who praise thee, and\nthose v\\ho give rich gifts, 0 God and Hero.\nc Grant to our princes excellent protection may they wax old\n:\nand still be strong and happy.\n5 We will address this liberal Lord, this Indra, that he may\n.\ngrant us gifts of ample riches,\nBest favourer of the singer’s prayer and praises. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings. #\nHYMN XXXI. '' indra\n.\nSing ye a song, to make him glad, to Indra, Lord of Tawny\nSteeds,\nThe*Soraa-drinker, 0 my friends.\n2 To him the Bounteous saythe laud, and let us glorify, as men\nMay do, the Giver of true gifts.\n3 0 Indra, Lord of boundlessmight, forusthouwinneststrength\nand kine,\nThou winnest gold for us, Good Lord.\n1 Forpotentvalour thatis, to giveuspotentvalour. 54\nhut2 tF ho ere mm eo as nt infi ggh ot fer sinc ya as hte ir sso of mt eh we has tpe uar n, cew ra tr ar ii no .r, accordin°g to von Both •\nP"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 673,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 32.] TEE RIGVEDA . 31\n4 Faithful to theewe loudly sing, heroic Indra, songs to thee\nMark, 0 Good Lord, this act of ours.\n5 Give us notuptoman’sreproach,tofoeman’shateful calumny\nIn thee alone is all my strength. :\n6 Thou art mine ample coatof mail, myChampion, Vritra-slayer,\nthou\nWith thee for Friend I brave the foe.\n7 Yea, great art thou whose conquering mighttwo independent\nPowers confess,\nThe Heaven, 0 Indra, and the Earth.\n8 So letthe voice Surround thee, which attends t^he Maruts on\ntheir way,\nPeaching thee with the rays of light.\n9 Let the ascending drops attain to thee, the Wondrous God, in\nheaven 4\n:\nLet all the folk bow down to thee.\n10 Bring to the Wise, the Great, who waxeth mighty, yotir offer-\nings, and make ready your devotion\n:\nTo manyclans he goeth, man’s Controller.\n11 For Indra, the sublime, the far-pervading,have singers gener-\nated prayer and praises\n:\nThe sages never violatq his statutes.\n12 The choirs have stablished Indra King for ever, for victory,\nhim whose anger is resistless :\nAnd, for the*Bays’ Lord, strengthened those he loveth.\nHYMN XXXII.\nlndra\n.\nLet none, no, notthyworshippers,delaytheefarawayfromus.\nEv^n from fanaway come thou unto our feast, or listen if al-\nready here.\n2 For here, like flies onhoney, thesewhoprayto thee sit by the\njuice that thfey have poured.\nWealth-craving singers have on Indra settheir hope, as men\nset foot upon a car.\n—\n7 Independent :svadhctvart; ‘aboundingin —food.’ Wilson.\n8 Thevoice: ‘the praises ofthineadorers/ Wilson.\nced1 e2 s/S—tr Le ung dt wh ie gn .ed S: &y1 ab nar ah ta ay k& es: bf ao rr haa yb dar asha ty ha en i, —mpa es rai ts i^ vc ele ;ar ‘urf gr eo tm hywh kia nt smp er ne-\n,\n(worshipper,to glorify)thelordofbaysteeds/ Wilson.\nI am indebted to MaxMhller’s translation of thishymn inhis Ancient\nSanskritLiteratureformanyof therenderings which Ihaveadopted."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 674,
            "content": "TEE EYMNS OF [BOOK VII\n.\n3 Longing for wealth I call on him, the Thunderer with the\nstrong right hand,\nAs a son calleth on his sire.\n4 These Somajuices, mixed with curd, have been expressed for\nIndra here.\nCome with thy Bay Steeds, Thunder-wielder, to our home, to\ndrink them till they make thee glad.\n5 Mayhe whose ear is open hear us. He is asked for wealth :\nwill he despise our prayer?\nHimwho bestows at once a hundredthousand gifts noneshall\nrestrain when he would give.\n6 The herortnever checked by men hath gained his strength\nthrough Indra, he\nWho presses out and pours his deep libations forth, 0 Vritra-\nslayer, unto thee.\n.\n7 When thou dost drive the fighting men together be, thou\nMighty One, the mighty’s shield.\nMay we dividethe wealth of himwhomthou hast slain bring\n;\nus, Unreachable, liis goods.\n8 For Indra, Soma-drinker, armed with thunder,press the Soma\njuice.\nMake readyyourdressedmeats\n:\ncausehimtofavourus. The\nGiver blesses him who gives, *\n~ 9 Grudge not, ye Soma-pourers stir you, pay the rites, for\n;\nwealth, to the great Conqueror*\nOnly the active conquers, dwellsin peace, andthrives\n:\nnotfor\nthe niggard are the Gods.\n10 Noonehathoverturnedorstayedthecarofhimwhofreelygives,\nThe man whom Indra and the Marut host defend comes to a\nstable full of kine.\n11 Indra, that man when fighting shall obtain the spoil, whose\nstrong defender thou wilt be.\nBe thou the gracious helper, Hero of our cars, be thou the\n1\nhelper of our men.\n12 His portion is exceeding great like a victorious soldier’s spoil.\nHim who is Indra, Lord of Bays, no foes subdue, He gives\nthe Soma-pourer strength.\n3 Withthestrongrighthand : or, giverofgoodgifts. —\n7 Themighty's shield: 1the shield of the mighty (Vasishthas).’ M. M.\n‘aprotectionoftheMaghavans,’ i. e. theinstitutes ofthe sacrifice,—Ludwig.j\n8 TheGiver blesseshimwhogives: Indrarewards theliberalworshipper.\n10 Gomesto astablefullofkine: carriesoffrich booty."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 675,
            "content": "HYMN 32.] THE RIGVEDA. 33?\nIB Make for the Holy Gods a hymn that is not mean, butwefl^\narranged and fair of form.\nEven many snares and bonds subduenot him who dwellswith\nIndra through his sacrifice.\n14 Indra, what mortal will attack the man who hath his wealth*\nin theef\nThe strong will win the spoilonthe decisivedaythroughfaith\nin thee, 0 Maghavan.\n15 In battles with the foe urge on our mighty ones who give the*\ntreasures dear to thee,\nAnd may we with our princes, Lord of .T,awny Steeds pass\nthrough all peril, led by thee. * !\n16 Thine, Indra, is the lowest wealth, thou cherishest the mid-~\nmost wealth,\nThou ever rulest all the highest : in the fray for cattle none\nresisteth thee.\n17 Thou art renowned as giving wealth to every one in all tl§e\nbattles that are fought.\nCraving protection, all these people of the earth, 0 Much-\ninvoked, implore thy name.\n18 If I, 0 Indra, were the Lord of riches ample as thine own,\nI should support the sjnger, God who givest wealth and not\n!\nabandon him to woe.\n19 Each day would I enrich the man who sang my praise, in\nwhatsoever place he were.\nNo kinship is there better, Maghavan, than thine : a father\neven is no more.\n20 With Plenty for his true ally the active man will gain the\nspoil. •\nYour Indra, Much-invoked, I bend with song, as bends a\nwright his wheel of solid wood.\n21 A mortal wins no riches by unworthy praise wealth comes\n:\nnot to the niggard churl.\nLight is the task to give, 0 Maghavan, to one like me on the\ndecisive day.\n22 Like kine unmilked we call aloud, Hero, to thee, and sing\nthy praise,\nLooker on heavenly light, Lord of this moving world, Lord;\nIndra, of what moveth not.\n20 Plenty: or. Spirit,Boldness.\n3"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 676,
            "content": ":\nU TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK TIL\n2§ otherlike tcrthee, of earth or of the heavens, hath boen\nor ever will be bora.\nDesiringhorses, Indra Magkavan and kine, as men of might\n!\nwe call on tbee.\n24 Bring? Indra, the Victorious Ones; bring, elder thou, the\nyounger host.\nFor, Mfighavan, thou art rich in treasures from of old, and\n, must be called in every fight,\n25 Drivethou away our enemies, 0 Maghavan : make riches easy\nto be won.\nBe thou ourgood Protectorin the strife for spoil ; Cherisher\nof our friends be thou.\n26 0 Indra, give us wisdom as a sire gives wisdom to his sons.\nG-uide us, 0 Much-invoked, in this our way may we still live\n:\nand look upon the light.\n27 Grant thatno mighty foes, unknown, malevolent, unhallowed,\ntread us to the ground,\nWith thine assistance, Hero, may we pass through all the\npaters that are rushing down.\nHYMN XXXIII. Vasishtha.\nThesewho wear hair-knots on the right, the movers of holy\nthought, white-robed, have won m$ over.\nI warned the men, when from thegrassIraised me, Not from\n7 * afar can my Vasishthas help you,\n2 With Soma they broughtIndrafromadistance, overVaisanta,\nfromthe strong*libation.\nIndra preferred Vasishthas to the Soma pressed by the son of\nVayata? Pasadyumna.\n' ’ # * *\nInd2 r4 a,B br ri in ng\ngf\ntJ hn ad tra\n(,\nwet ah le thVi tc oto mri eo )us beO in ne gs: tht ehe js ue niw oro ,u ’l —d Wb ie lst oh ne .Ma *ru Bt rs i. ngaf lE ll td he ir\ns\ntothosewhoaregood, 0 Indra,betheyold oryoung.’—M. Muller.\nThehymn isa glorificationof Vasishthaand hisfamily, the latter part\nrelatinghis birth andtheearlier versesreferringtohis connexionwithKing\nSudas.\n1 Ilair-hiots;Icapardaisthechuqta orsinglelock ofhair leftonthehead\nattonsure, which, according to the Scholiast,it wascharacteristicof the\nVccsishthas towear onthe rightof the crown ofthe head. White-robed :\nwhite-coloured,accordingto Silyana. Me : Vasishtha, whoisthe speaker of\nMst aa ynz ita n1 o— t6 b. eS* uV do Ssn ?R ’o —t Mh ui( ru ,nde 0,rt S,he Tew xo tsr ,d Ia .v) 31Qr ,ega 3r 2d 0s\n,\nI wn hd er ra eas stt ah ne zasspe 1a —ke 1r 3.\nare translated. Fromthegrass thesacredgrasslaidonthefloorofthesacri-\nficialchamber.\nwa2 s ir nr .:7 -.-y r >.-- !1 i:; ..V ir at the thn ea sm ae meof ta imr eive ar s. SP udd is sa .dyumna : anotherkingwho"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 677,
            "content": ": : 7 :\n&YMtt S3.] tbe nm Veda* m\n8 So, verily, with these he crossed the river, in company with\nthese he slaughtered Blieda,\nSo in the fight with the Ten Kings, Vasishthas did Indra\n!\nhelp Sud&s through your devotions. -\n4 I gladly, men ! with prayer prayed by our fathers have fixed\nyour axle i ye shall not be injured :\nSince, when ye sang aloud the Sakvari verses, Vasishthas ye\ninvigorated Indra. !\n0 Kike thirsty men they looked to heaven, in battle with the\nTen-Kings, surrounded and imploring.\nThen Indra heard Vasishtha as he praised him, and gave the\nTritsus ample room and freedom.\n6 Like sticks and staves wherewith they drive the cattle, strips\nped bare, the Bharatas were found defenceless\n: >\nVasishtha then became their chief and leader then widely\n:\nwere the Tritsus* clans extended.\n7 Throe fertilize the worlds with genial moisture three noble\n:\nCreatures cast a light before them. *\nThree that give warmth toall attend the Morning. All these\nhave they discovered, these Vasishthas.\n8 Like the Sun’s growing glory is their splendour, and like the\nsea’s is their unfathomed greatness,\nTheir course is like ^he wind’s. Your land, Vasishthas, can\nnever be attained by any other,\n9 They with perceptions of the heart in secret resort to tli£t\nwhich spreads a thousand branches.\nTheApsaras broughthithertheVasishthaswearingthevesture\nspun for them by Yama.\n3 The river: YamunA See VII. 18. 19, TenKings of the confederate\ntribe*whoopposed SqcjAa. See VII. 18.\n4 Sakvariverses: hymnsofpraiseip.theSakvari metre (14x4).\n6 Tritsus: the tribe ofwhichSudds wasKing. Bharatas:apparently the\nsiime the Tritsus.\n7 Indra is the speakerof therest of thehymn. eIn explanation of this,\nfS e& ry tia ln ia ziq nguot fle us ida op nas ts ha ege ef arr to hm ,t Vh de yuSil it nyd ty ha ena airB ,r ta hh ema Sn ma m:n(1) thA egn ski y.prod (2u }ce Ts l^ea\n* tht eh ir ree lign ho t.ble (3c )re Aa gt nu ir ,es’ V&, ya ure ,t ah ne dVa ts hu es, SuR nud er aa cs h, aa ttn ed ndAdi tt hy eas D, awnT .h *e —S Ju flp uiri *s\n,\n0.8. Texts , 1. 320. '\n9 Thatwhich spreadsathousand branches according to Ludwig’s Trans-\ntla ht eion m, yst th ie cS fu rn e- eGo sd usi ts aim ne ea dnt by; ac Vc ao rr udi nn agt io nhi ts helat be ar sev li ee sw s,t rh ee gr ie of ner (e In .ce 24i .s 7t )p\n.\nThe vesture the body. The stanzaisveryobscure, and Silyana'sexplana-\ntt ti hho een.\nAh\npew tah sri atc rah\nt &h\nao\ne\nsve sVr\nia\ntr si did\ns\noe\nh\nws\nt\nnhg ,ar sa wm\net\nam\nr\nra\na\nir\nv\nn,\ne\ngrsi ts\ne\nl^n\nt\neo\nh\nvt\ne\ness\nh\nta it udi rds eef nact Mor -y u: :*‘ -»B\n.*\n..-y\n!\n1the\n-\n»w -i ’s -d\nI\n.o .m\nw Vo\nWs\nr\nie\nl\nba dt\n,\npe fad lni tdn"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 678,
            "content": ",\nm\ntAe hymns of [BOOK vii:\nIG A form of lustre springing fromthelightningwastthou, when\nVaruna and Mitra saw thee.\nThy one and only birth was then, Vasishtha, when from thy\nstock Agastya brought thee hither.\n11 Born of their love for Urvas\", Vasishtha, thou, priest, art son\nof Varuna and Mitra\n;\nAnd as a fallen drop, in heavenly fervour, all the Gods laid\nthee on a lotus-blossom.\n12 He, thinker, knower both of earth and heaven, endowed with\nmany a gift, bestowing thousands,\nDestined to wear the vesture spun by Yama, sprang from the\nApsaras to life,\"Vasishtha.\n13 Born atthe sacrifice, urged by adorations, both with a corm\nmon flow bedewed the pitcher.\nThen from the midst thereof there rose up Mana, and thence\nthey say was boru the sage Vasishtha.\nli Hebrings the bearerof the laud and Salman ; first shall hd\nspeak bringing the stone for pressing.\nWith grateful hearts in reverence approach him : to you, O\npratridas, Vasishtha cometh.\nHYMN XXXIV. Visvedevas.\nMay our divine and brilliant hymn go forth, like a swift\nchariot wrought and fashioned well.\n2' The waters listen as they flow along\n;\nthey know the origin of\nheaven and earth.\n10 Vasishtha appears here asan embodimentof lightning, light, orfire,\nand tohavebeenbroughtdowntomenbyAgastyawhowas born inthesame\nWayasY\nnsishtha.\n11 Urvast:themost celebrated oftheApsarasesornymphsofheaven On\nalotus-blossom; or, accordingto others, * in thesacredpitcher,’ orwater-jar\nusedinsacrifice. *In thelake.’—Wilson.\nForafull accountof thisproduction of Vasishtha, the curious readeris\nreferred to Muir, 0.S. Texts, I.821. SeeM. Muller, Chips IV. 108, 109, and\nHillebrandt, VarumundMitra 148, 149.\n,\n12 TheApsaras: Urvasl.\n33 Mdna :said to beanothernameofAgastya.\n14 ThebearerofthelaudandSrtman: thepressing-stone,whichwasworked\nduring the recitation of sacred verses. Pratridas:aname used here to\ndesignatetheTiitsus.\nThisdifficult andobscure hymn hasbeen translated and thoroughlydis*\ncussedby Geldner (Vedische Studien, II. pp. 129—155, criticizedby Prof.\nLudwig, Ueberdieneuesten Arbeiten auf clem Gebiete der Rgveda-forschung\npp. 168-167). ,\n2 fAn allusion, perhaps, to the subsequently —received cosmogony, asin‘\nJlfanu, thatwaterwas the firstofcreated things.’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 679,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 34.] THE RW VEDA. 87\n3 Yea, thebroad waters swell their flood for him of himstrong\n:\nheroes think amid their foes,\n4 Set ye for him the coursers to the pole : like Indra Thunderer\nis the Golden-armed.\n5 Arotise you, like the days, to sacrifice : speed gladly like a\ntraveller on the way.\n•6 Go swift to battles, to the sacrifice : set up aflag, a hero for\nthe folk.\n7 Up from his strength hath risen as ^tWere a light : it bearft\nthe load as earth bears living things.\n\"8 Agn fi o, rmno ad he ym mo mn I invoke the Gods : by law completing it, I\n$ Closely about you lay your heavenly song, and send your\nvoice to where the Gods abide.\n10 Varuna, Mighty, with a thousand eyes* beholds the paths\n^\nwherein these rivers run.\n11 He, King of kings, the glory of the floods, o’erall that liveth\nhath resistless sway.\n12 May he assist us among all the tribes, and make the envier’s\npraise devoid of light.\n13 May the foes’ threatening arrow pass us by : may he put far\nfrom us our bodies’ sin. *\n14 Agni, oblation-eater, through our prayers aid us to him our\n:\ndearest laud is brought.\n15 Accordant with the Gods choose for our Friend the Waters’\nChild : may he be good to us.\n16 With lauds losing the Dragon born of floods : he sits beneath\nthe streams in middle air.\n17 Ne’er may the Dragon of the Deep harm us : ne’er fail this\nfaithful servant’s sacrifice.\n18 To these our heroes may they grant renown may pious men\n;\nmarch boldly on to wealth,\n1*9'Leading great hosts, with fierce attacks of these, they burn\ntheir foes as the Sun burns the earth.\n3 Forhim : Indra.\n4 The,Golden-armecl Savitar.\n6 A hero :asortof perso—nificationofthesacrifice. tAn expiatorysacrifice\nfor(thegoodof) mankind.’ Wilson.\n16 The Dragon hornoffloods:AMbtidlinya, ortheDragon oftheDeepof\nthefollowing stanza theregentoftheseaofpir.\n18 They:the Gods;,\n19 Ofthese; Gods, orMaruts,accordingto theScholiast,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 680,
            "content": ":: : : : ;\n38 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VII.-\n20 What time our wives draw near to us, may he, deft-handed\nTvashtar, give us hero sons.\n21 May Tvashtar find our hymn acceptable, and may Aramati,\nseeking wealth, be ours.\n22 May they who lavish gifts bestow those treasures : may\nRodasi and Varunani listen.\nMay he, with the Varutris, be our refuge, may bountiful\nTvashtargiveus store of riches.\n23 So mayrich Mountains and the liberal Waters, so may all\nHerbs that grow on ground, and Heaven,\nAnd Eartli accordant with the Forest-Sovrans, and both the\nWorld-halves round about protect us.\n24 Tothis may both the wide Worlds lend approval, and Varuna\nin heaven, whose Friend is Jndra.\nMay all the Maruts give consent, the Victors, that we may\n- hold great wealth in firm possession.\n25 May Indra, Varuna, Mitra, and Agni, Waters, Herbs, Trees\naccept the praise we offer.\nMay we find refuge in the Maruts7 bosom. Protect us ever-\nmore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN XXXy. Visvedevas.\nBefriend us with their aids Indra and Agni, Indra and\nVaruna who receive oblations\n!\nIndra and Soma give health, strength and comfort, Indra\nand Pushan be our help in battle.\n2 Auspicious Friends to us be Bhaga, Sanaa, auspicious be\nPurandhi and all Riches\nThe blessing ofthe true and well-conducted^and Aryaman in\nmany forms apparent.\n3 Kind unto us be Makerand Sustainer, and the far-reaching\nPairwith Godlike natures.\nAuspicious unto us be Earth and Heaven, the Mountain, and\nthe Gods7 fair invocations.\n21 Aramati the GeniusofDevotionandactivepiety.\n22 Vardtrts:protectingGoddesses.\n23 Forest-Sovrans talltimbertrees.\n1 'Befriendus: sdmnobhavatdm. The indeclinable word sdm signifying\nhappy, auspicious, pleasant, sweet,kind, agreeable, etc.,etc., is us}ed with or\nwithouttheverbikH, inthefirstthirteenstanzas. I have variedtheexpres-\nsion hereaudthere.\n2 Sima Prayer or Wish personified. Or it may he Nar&sansa, Agni.\nPurandhi Plenty, orSpirit, Boldnesspersonified.\n3 Far-reachingPair HeavenandEarth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 681,
            "content": ": :: :\nnnrx 35.] THE RIGVEDA.\nA Favour us Agni with his face of splendour, and Varuna and\nMitra and the Asvins.\nFavour us noble actions of the pious, impetuous Vata blow oti\nus with favour.\n5 Early invoked, may Heaven and Earth be friendly, and Air’s\nmid-region good for us to look on.\nTo us may Herbs and Forest-Trees -be gracious, gracious th6\nLord Victorious of the region.\n6 Be the God Indra with the Yasus friendly, and, with Adityas,\nVaruna who blesseth.\nKind, with the Rudras, be the Healer Rudra, ^nd, with the\nDames, may Tvashtar kindly listen.\n7 Blest unto us be Soma, and devotions, blest be the Sacrifice,\nthe Stones for pressing;\nBlest be the fixing of the sacred Pillars, blest be the tender\nGrass, and blestthe Altar.\n8 May the far-seeing Sun rise up to bless us : be the fo&r\nQuarters of the sky auspicious.\nAuspicious be the firmly-seated Mountains, auspicious be the\nRivers and the Waters.\n9 May Aditi through holy works be gracious, and may the\nMaruts, loud in song, be friendly.\nMay Vishnu give felicity, and Pushan, the Air that cherisheth\nour life, and Vayu. *\n10 Prosper us Savitar, the God who rescues, andlet the radiant\nMornings be propitious.\nAuspicious to all creatures be Parjanya, auspicious be the\nfield’s benign Protector.\n11 May all the^fellowship of Gods befriend us, Sarasvati, with\nHoly Thoughts, be gracious.\nFriendly be they, the Liberal Ones who seek us, yea, those\nwho dwell in heaven, on earth, in waters.\n12 May the great Lords of Truth protect and aid us ; blest to us\nbe our horses and our cattle.\nKind be the pious skilful-handed Ribhus, kind be the Fathers\nat our invocations.\n13 May Aja-Ekapad, the God, be gracious, gracious the Dragon\nof the Deep, and Ocean.\n5 The Lord Victorious Indra.\n10 Thefield'sbenign Protector Agni, or Rudra. See IV. 57. 1.\n13 Aja*Ekapdtl the Sun. See VI. 50, 14, and footnote.\nThe, 1)rajonof theDeep Ahibudhuya, regentof the depths of the &maa-'\nmerit."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 682,
            "content": "—\n: :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VII\nc£Q ;\nGracious be lie, the swelling Child of Waters, gracious be\nPrism who hath Gods to guard her.\n14 So.may the Rudras, Vasus, and Adityas-acceptthe newhymn\nwhichwe now are making.\nMay all the Holy Ones of earth and heaven, and the Cow's\noffspring hear our invocation.\nThey who of Holy Gods are very holy, Immortal, knowing\nLaw, whom man must worship,\nMay these to-day give us broad paths to travel. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n° .HYMN* XXXVI. Visvedevas.\nLet the prayer issue from the seat of Order, for Surya with\nhis beams hath loosed the cattle.\nWith lofty ridges earth is far extended, and Agni’s flame hath\nlit thespacious surface.\n$ 0 Asuras, 0 Varuna and Mitra, this hymn to you, like food,\nanew I offer.\nOne ofyou is a strong unerring Leader, and Mitra, speaking,\nstirreth men to labour.\n3 The movements of the gliding wind come hither like cows,\n:\nthe springs are filled to overflowing.\nBorn in the station e’en oflofty heaven the Bull hath loudly\n< bellowed in this’region.\n4 May I bring hither with my song. 0 Indra, wise Aryaman\nwho yokesthy dear Bay Horses,\n14 Coiv’soffspring theMaruts. Accordingto vonBoththosewhoarebom\nandliveinradiant heaven.\n15 Broadpathsto travel\n;\nperhaps,generally,an easyroadtoprosperity.\n—\n1 Theseatof Order: 1thehallof thesacrifice.’ Wilson. Thecattle rays\nof light.\n2 *Oneofyou(Varuna)isthelordandunassailableguide, and he who is\ncalledMitra, (i,e. thefriend)callsmento activity. Heresomuch atleastis\ndeclared(andthe,samethingisexpressedinnearlythesame words in other\nplaces),thatthelight of day, whichawakenslife, andbringsjoyandactivity\nintotheworld, isthenarrowersphere of Mitra’s power though, however,\nVarunaisnot —relegatedtothenightalone,for he continu; es bo be the lord\nandthefirst.’ VonBoth, quoted by Muir, 0. S. Texts V. 70. Themeaning\nof translatedby lord\\in this,extract,is, inthe V, eda, rather ‘strong/\nb1 ee lne or ng ge it ni gc/ toa ln ad tei rs ls io teg ri av te urn e.int Th he eSt s, ecP oe nt der hs ab lu fr og fL te hx eic so en c, ont dhe lim ne ea in si rn eg pe‘ al to er dd ,’\nwithavariation,-fromIII. 59. 1.\n3 Thesprings: the fountains of rain; the clouds. The Bull: Parjanya,\nQpAof therain-cloud. Thisregion: literally, this,udder; the firmament."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 683,
            "content": "—\n::: :\nHYMN\n37.]\nTHE RIGVEDA,\n<41\nVoracious, with thy noble car, 0 Hero, liim who defeats the\nWrath of the malicious*\n5 In their own place of sacrifice adorers worship to gain long\nlife and win his friendship.\nHe hath poured food on men when they have praised him\n;\nbe this, the dearest reverence, paid to Eudra.\n—\n6 Coming together, glorious, loudly roaring Sarasvati, Mother\nof Floods, the seventh\nWith copious milk, with fair streams, strongly flowing, full\nswelling withthe volume of their water\n;\n7 Andmay the mighty Maruts, too, rejoicing, aid^our devotion\nand protect our offspring.\nLet not swift-moving Akshara neglect us they have increas-\n:\ned our own appropriate riches.\n8 Bring ye the great Aramati before you, and Pushan*as the\n8\nHero of the synod,\nBhaga who looksupon this hymn with favour, and, as offr\n9\nstrength, the bountiful Purandhi.\n9 May this our song of praise reach you, 0 Maruts,andVd$hmT'~\nguardian of the future infant.\nMay*they vouchsafe the singer strengthforoffspring. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Grod& with blessings.\nHYMN XXXVII. Visvedeva^\nLet yourbest-bearing car that must be lauded, ne’er injured,\nbring you V&jas and Ribhukshans.\nFill you, fair-helmeted with mighty Soma, thrice-mixed, at\nI\nour libations, todelight you.\n4 Voracious: epithetof horses butthe meaning of dhdytt is uncertain.\nAccordingtoS&yana, itmeans *ho; lding/ ‘vigorous according to Ludwig,\n*,pouringforthrain ;* accordingto Grassmann, ‘thirsty,’\n5 Hisfriendship ; Rudra’s.\n6 Theseventh: withthesixothercelebratedrivers. SeeI. 32. 12 —.\n7 Aleshard V&k, orVoice ‘theimperishable goddessofspeech.’ Wilson.\n;\nOf. VII. 15. 9.\nAramati thepersonification of religious worship,oractive piety. See\nVII. 34. 21. Accordingto S&yana, ardmatvni here is an epithet of mahi'm,\n‘the never-restingEarth.’ Forthevarious meanings assignedby S^yanato\nthis wordin thevarious placesin whichit occurs, see Muir, 0. 8. Texts,\nIV. 317.\nVishnu: cf. X. 184. 1.\n1 VdjasandRihhuhshans that is, llibhukshan orRibhu, Vibhvan, and\nV&ja, commonly calledthe Ribhusfro —m thename of the first of —the three.\nFair-helmeted: *handsome-chinned.’ Wilson ,* ‘Strong-jawed/ Ludwig.\nThrice-mixed withmilk, curds,and.meal."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 684,
            "content": ": : :\n42 THE BYMNS OF [BOOK ttt\n2 Ye who behold the lightofheaven, Ribhukshans, give ourrich\npatrons unmolested riches.\nBrink, heavenly-natured, at our sacrifices, and give us bount-\nies for the hymns wesing you,\n3 For thou, 0 Bounteous One, art used to giving, at parting\ntreasure whether small or ample.\nFilled full are both thine arms with greatpossessions : thy\ngoodness keeps thee notfrom grantingriches.\n4 Indra, high-famed, as Vaja and Ribhukshan, thougoest work-\ning, singing to the dwelling.\nLord of Bay Steeds, this day may we Vasishthas offer our\nprayers to thee and bring oblations.\n5 Thou winnest swift advancement for thy servant, through\nhymns, Lord of Bay Steeds, which thou hast favoured.\nFor thee with friendly succour have we battled, and when, 0\nIndra, wilt thou grant us riches?\n6 To us thypriests a home, as ’twere, thou givest : when,Indra,\nwilt thou recognize our praises?\nMay thy strong Steed, through our ancestral worship, bring\nfood and wealth withheroes to our dwelling.\n7 Though Nirriti the Goddess reigneth round him, Autumns\nwith food in plenty come to Ind*a.\nWith three close Friends to length of days he eometh, he\nwhom men let not rest at home in quiet.\n8 Promise us gifts, 0 Savitar : may riches come unto us in\nParvata’s full bounty.\nMay the Celestial Guardian stillattend us. Preserve us ever-\nmore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN XXXVIII. #\nSavitar.\nOn high hath Savitar, this God, extended the golden lustre\nwhich hespreads around him.\nNow, now must Bhaga be invoked bymortals, Lord ofgreat\nriches who distributestreasures.\n3 Bounteous One Maghavan Indra.\n4 Working *thefulfiiler(of; willies)/—Wilson. Thefirstlineissomewhat\nobscure.\n7 Nirriti the Goddessof DeathandDestruction,who has no powerover\nIndra. ThreecloseFriends: theRibhus,whorepresenttheyear, the annual\ncourseof IndraastheSun. S&ynna’a explanation is different: *Indra, the\nu wp hh oo mlde ar buo nf dt ah ne tt yh er ae re sr pe ag si son os v, erw ,h wo hm omthe mod ri tv ai ln s—eN di er tr ai it nia fc rk on mow hl ie sdg oe ws nas ar bu ol de er ,,\na ep xp pr lo ana ac th ie os nt io s( nr oe tcr vu ei it y) ch li es ad r/ecayingstrength/ Wilson j whoobserves : ‘the\n5 Parvakdsfullbounty: the Geniusof mountain andcloud."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 685,
            "content": ": : : : :\nITYMN 39.] THE MOVED A. 43\n2 Rise up, 0 Savitar whose hands are golden, andhearthis man\nwhile sacrifice is'offered,\nSpreading afar thy broad and wide effulgence, and bringing\nmortal men the food that feeds them.\n3 Let Savitar the God be hymned with praises, to whom the\nVasas, even, all sing glory.\nSweet be our lauds to him whose dueisworship\n:\nmayhewith\nall protection guard our princes.\n4 Even he whom Aditi the Goddess praises, rejoicing in God\nSavitar’s incitement\nEven he whose praisethe highimperial Rulers, Parana, Mitra,\nAryaman, sing in concert.\n5 They who come emulous to our oblation, dispensing bounty,\nfrom the earth and heaven,\nMay they and Ahibudhnyahearourcalling guardusVar&tri\n:\nwith the Ekadhenus.\n—\n6 This may the Lord of Life, entreated, grant us, the wealth\nwhich Savitar the God possesses.\nThe mighty calls on Bhaga for protection, on Bhaga calls the\nweak to give him riches.\n7 Bless us the Vajins when we call, while slowly they move,\nstrong Singers, to the Gods’ assembly.\nCrushing the wolf, the serpent, and the demons, may they\ncompletely banish all affliction.\n8 Deep-skilled in Law eternal, deathless, Singers, OV&jins, help\nus in each fray for booty.\nDrink of this meath, be satisfied, be joyful : thengo onpaths\nwhich Gods are wont to travel.\nn HYMN XXXIX.\nYisvedevas.\nAgni, erect, hath shown enriching favour the flame goesfor-\n:\nward to the Gods' assembly.\nLike car-bome men the stonestheirpathhavechosen\n:\nletthe\npriest, quickened, celebrate our worship.\n3 The Vasus theGodsin general, accordingtoS&yana.\n—\n5 Var&trt: 4theprotectress(thegoddessof speec—h).’ Wilson. Ekadhenus:\ntheWatersare probably meant\n:\n4excellentcattle.’ Wilson,\n7 Vdjins a class of divinitiessonamed, accordingtoS&ynna but,accord-\ningtoMahidhara, horses, i. e.\ntheteamswhichdrawthechariots;\nof theGods.\nThewolf, ortherobber. The serpent or the a—ssassin. The demons the\nIt&kshasas. SeeSat'iputlia-Brdhinanu, Y. 1, 5. 21 24, (S.Booksof theEast,\nXLI. 27) foradilferentversion of stanzas 6and7.\n1 The stones; thepressing*stoneshavebegun theircourse."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 686,
            "content": ": :\n44 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK til.\n2 Soft to the tread, their sacredgrassisscattered\n:\nthesegolike\nKings amid the band around them, —\nAt the folk’s early call on Night and Morning, Vayu* and\nPdshan with his team, to bless us;\n3 Here on their path the noble Gods proceeded in the wide\n:\nfirmament the Beauteous decked them.\n.Bend your way hither, ye who travel widely hear this our\n:\nenvoy whohath gone to meet you.\nA\nFor theyare holy aids at sacrifices: all Gods approach the\nplace of congregation.\nBring these, desirous, to our worship, Agni, swift the Nasa-\ntyas, Bhaga, and PurandhL\n5 Agni, to these men’s hymns, from earth, from heaven, bririg\nMitra, Vanina, Indra, and Agni,\nAnd Aryaman, and Aditi, and Vishnu. Sarasvati be joyful,\nand the Maruts.\n*6 Even as the holy Wish, the gift is offered : may he, unsated,\ncome when men desire him.\nGive never-failing ever-conquering riches with Gods for our\n:\nallies may we be victors.\n7 Now have both Worlds been praised by the Vasishthas, and\nholy Mitra, Varuna, and Agni.\nMaythey, brightDeities, makeoursongsupremest. Preserve\n* us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nXL, Viavedevas.\nBe gathered all the audience of the synod : let itsbegin their\npraise whose course is rapid.\nWhate’er God Savitar this day produces, may we be where\nthe Wealthy One distributes. *\n2 This, dealtfrom heaven, mayboth the Worlds vouchsafe us,\nand Varuna, Indra, Aryaman, and Mitra.\nMay Goddess Aditi assign us riches, Vayu and Bhaga make\nthem ours for ever.\n3 Strong be the man and full of power, 0 Maruts, whom ye,\nborne onby spotted coursers, favour.\n2 ThesegolikeKings .- accordingtoS&yana, ‘maythetwo lords of people\n(V&yuand Phshan) .... appearnow/\n3 Ourenvoy; Agni.\n5 Agni\n:\ninhisownformasacelestialGod,notinthatofterrestrialfire.\n6 He,unsated Agni.\n1 Theirpraise: praiseof the Gods.\n2 Dealtfromheaven or, distributedbyDyuorDyaus."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 687,
            "content": "; : : :\nHYMiV\n41.]\nTHE HIGYEDA. 45'\nHim, too, Sarasvati and Agni further,andthereis none to rob\nhim of his riches.\n4 This Varuna is guide of Law, he, Mitra, and Aryaman, the\nKings, our work have finished.\nDivine and foeless Adit quickly listens. May these deliver\ni\nus unharmed from trouble.\n5 With offerings I propitiate the branches of this swift-moving\n'\nGod, the bounteous Vishnu,\nHenqe Rudra gained his Rudra-strength : 0 Asvins, ye sought\nthe house that hath celestial viands,\n6 Be not thou angry here, 0 glowing Pushan, for xhat Varutri\nand the Bounteous gave us.\nMay theswift-moving Godsprotect andbless us, and Vata send\nus rain, who wanders round us.\n7 Now havebothworldsbeen praisedby theVasishthas, andholy\nMitra, Varuna, and Agni.\nMay they,brightDeities,makeoursongsupremest. Preserveus^\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN XLL Bhaga.\nAgki at dawn, and Indra wo invoke at dawn, and Varuna and\nMitra, and the Asvins twain\nBhaga at dawn, Pushan,^and Brahmanaspati, Soma at dawn,\nRudra we will invoke at dawn.\n2 We will invoke strong, early-conquering Bhaga, the Son of\nAditi, the great supporter\nThinking of whom, the poor, yea, even the mighty, even the\nKing himself says, Give meBhaga.\n3 Bhaga our guide, Bhaga whose gifts are faithful, favour this\nsong, and giv$ us wealth, 0 Bhaga.\nBhaga, augment our store of kine and horses, Bhaga, may we\nbe richinmen and heroes,\n4 Ourwork thesacrifice.\n5 Thebranches: *rayah, branches : allotherdeitiesare,asitwere,branches\nof Vishnu, anyedevah, mkhaiva bhavanti as by atextcited—bythescholiast,\nVishnu is all divinities, Vishnuh sarvd divata ili sruteh.’ Wilson. This,\nLudwigremarks, gives no satisfactory interpretation but X am unable to'\nofferanythingbetteratpreset)t. Grassmann altersvay; tthinto vaydma : iwe\nwithourofferingsapproach thebanquet of this swift-moving God, theboun-\nteous Vish.u ) i. e. cometoofferhim sacrificialfood.’\nThehymnisaddressed ohieflytoBhaga thebountiful,whosename,slightly\ncorrupted, survivesinthe Slavoniclanguages as ageneralname for God but*\nthe Gods mentionedin stanza 1,and Usbas, DhwuorMorning,arealsore; gard*\nedasthedeities of theversesinwhichtheirnamesoccur.\n2 GivemeBhaga ,* orriches."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 688,
            "content": ": : : ; ::\nTBF HYMNS OF [FQQK Ttt\n46\n1\nSomayfelicitybeoursatpresent,andwhenthedayapproaches,\nand at noontide\nAnd may we still, 0; bounteous One, at sunsetbe happyin th$\nDeities’ loving-kindness.\nf> May Bhaga, yerily be bliss-bestower, and through him, Gods !\nmay happiness attendus.\nAs such, 0 Bhaga, all with might invoke thee ; as such be\nthou our Champion here, 0 Bhaga.\n6 To this our worship may all Dawns incline them, and come to\nthe pure place like Dadhikravau.\nAs strong steeds draw a chariot maytheybring us hitherward\nBhaga^who discovers treasure.\n7 May bless&d Mornings dawn on us for ever, with wealth of\nkine, of horses, and of heroes,\nStreaming with all abundance, pouring fatness. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n° HYMN XLII. . Visvedevas.\nLet Brahmans and Angirases come forward, and let the roar\nof cloudyheaven surround us.\nLoud low the Milch-kine swimming in the waters set be the\n:\nstones thatgrace our holy service.\n2 Fair, Agni, is thy long-known psPtli to travel yoke for the\n:\njuice thy bay, thy ruddy horses,\nOrred steeds, Hero-bearing, for the chamber. Seated, I call\nthe Deities’ generations.\n3 Theyglorify your sacrifice with worship, yet the glad Priest\nnear them is left unequalled.\n' Bring the Gods hither,.thou of many aspects: turn hither-\nward Aramati the Holy. ^\n6 Thepure-place thechamber of sacrifice. Like JDudhikrdvan: swift ^s\nDadhikrftvau,thefamoushorse,thetypeandmodelof racers. SeeIV. 39. 3;\n40. 1—3.\n1 Angirases: ltishissonamed,according to SAyana. The Milch-kine the\ncloudsinthewateryfirmament,withallusionalsotothemilk andwatermixed\nwiththeSomajuice. Thestones the press-stones. S&yana's explanation is\ndifferent: ‘maythepious couple, (the—Yajamdna and his wife) conjointly\nappreciatethebeautyof thesacrifice.' Wilson.\n2 Thy hay\n,\nthyruddyhorses: orthe Harits andtheRohits. Redsteeds or\n4-rushas. Bero-bearmg carr—ying the Hero Agni. For the chamber: the\nsacrificialhall ; 'in thystable.’ M. Muller. - .\n- 3 ThehumanpriestscannotequalAgniiuefficiency. Aramati; theGenius\nof Devotion. SeeVII. 36. 8."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 689,
            "content": "—\n: : ;\nHYMN 43.] THE RIGVEDA, 47\n4 What time the Guest hath made himself apparent, at ease\nreclining in the rich man’s dwelling,\nAgni, well-pleased, well-placed within the chamber gives to a\nhouse like this wealth worth the choosing.\n5 Accept this sacrifice of ours, 0 Agni glorify it with Indra\nand the Maruts. ;\nHere on our grass let Night and Dawn be seated bring long-\n:\ning Varuna and Mitra hither.\n6 Thus hath Vasishtha praised victorious Agni, yearning for\nwealth that giveth all subsistence.\nMay he bestow on its food, strength, and riches. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN XLIIL\nVisyedevas.\nSing outthe pious at your sacrifices to move with adorations\nEarth and Heaven\nThe Holy Singers, whose unmatched devotions, like a tree’s\nbranches, part in all directions.\n2 Let sacrifice proceed like some fleet courser : with one accord\nlift ye on high the ladles.\nStrew sacred grass meet for the solemn service bright flames\n:\nthat love the Gods ha>e mounted upward.\n3 Like babes in arms reposing on their mother, let the Gods sit\nupon the grass’s summit.\nLet general fire make bright the flame of worship : scorn us\nnob, Agni, in the Gods’ assembly.\n4 Gladly the Gods have let themselves be honoured, milking\nthe copiousstreams of holy Order.\nThe highest might to-day is yours, the Vasus’: come ye, as\nmany as ye are, one-minded.\n5 So, Agni, send us wealth among the people : may we be\nclosely knit to thee, 0 Victor,\nUnharmed, and rich, and taking joy together. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n4 'The Guest Agni.\n3 Letgeneralfive or, according to S&yana, cLetthe full ladle balm the\nfireof worship.’ Theexactmeaningisuncertain asboth, subjectand object\n^readjectives without substantives.\n4 Milkingthecopiousstreams enjoyingthelibationsoflaw-ord—ainedsacri-\nfi. ce. ‘Who arethe bestowersof water,theahedders of showers/ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 690,
            "content": "L\n: :; :\n48*' TTTE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI\nHYMN XL1Y. DadhiWi\nI CALL on Dadhikras, the first, to give you aid, the Asvins,\nBhaga, Dawn, and Agnikindled well,\na\nIndra, and Vishnu, Pdshan, Brahmanaspafci, Adityas, Heaven\nand Earth, the Waters, and the Light\n2 When, rising, to the sacrifice we hasten, awaking Dadhikr&s\nwith adorations,\nSeating on sacred grass the Goddess Ila, let us invoke the\nsage swift-hearing Asvins.\n3 While I am thus arousing Dadkikravan I speak to Agni,\nEarth,'tand Dawn, and Surya,\nThe red, the brown of Varuna ever mindful : may they ward\nofffrom us all grief and trouble.\n4 Foremost is Dadhikravan, vigorous courser ; in forefront of\nthe cars, his way he knoweth, A\nClosely allied with Surya and with Morning, Adityas, and\nAngirases, and Yasus.\n£> May Dadhikras prepare the way we travel that we may pass\nalong the path of Order.\nMay Agnihear us, and theHeavenlyArmy: hearusallMighty\nOnes whom none deceiveth.\nHYMN XlV\nSavitar.\nMay the God Savitar, rich in goodly treasures, filling the\nregion, borne by steeds, come hither.\nIn his hand holding much that makes men happy, lulling to\nslumber and arousing oreatures.\n'2 Golden, sublime, and easy in their motion, his arms extend\nunto the bounds of heaven. ^\n1 Dadhikrds see. IY. 38. 1.\n3 HadhiJcrdvan alengthened form of Dadhibr&s. BeeIV. 39. 2, and 40.\ntT eh ne der de .d ,t Eh ve eb rr mo iw nn dfua lp :par ‘e wn ht oly isth me inh do fr us le oo ff hV ia sru an doa r, ert sh .a ’t —i Ws. ilt sh oe n.S Tu hn, emis eai nn --\nngof thewordmahxchatdh, ornidi)what6k, is uncertain. Von Roth thinks\nthatacolour, dunoryellow, ismeant. Ludwigwouldexplainitas ‘knotting\nsnares or nooses.’ Grassmann translates it by, ‘des Mondverseheuchers,5\n‘whoscaresaway theMoon.*\n4 Inforefrontofthecars accordingto S&yana, the chariots of the Gods\nra £re vani ,nt te hn ede fd a. mouB sut r, aca es -hP oi rs se eh ,el wao sbse fr ov res ‘th( eVe gd ei nso th le emS et nud oi fen t, heI. t1 u2 r4 f) ’, iD nad Kh ii nk g-\nTrasadasyu’stimewhatthe matchless English horse Eclipse was in recent\ndays. Itseemsprobable thatDahhikr&vanmay have been originally onlya\nmostdistinguishedracer,glorifiedand deifiedby the exaggerated praises of\nthebards of apeoplewhowerepassionately fondof chariot-racing."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 691,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 46] THE RIGVEDA. 49\nNow shall that mightiness of his be lauded even Sura yields\n:\nto him in active vigour.\n3 May this God Savitar, the Strong and Mighty, the Lord of\nprecious wealth, vouchsafe us treasures.\nMay he, advancing his far-spreading lustre, bestow on us the\nfood that feedeth mortals.\n4 These songs praise Savitar whose tongue is pleasant, praise\nhim whose arms are full, whose hands are lovely.\nHigh vital strength, and manifold, mayhe grant us. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nXLVI. * Budra.\nTo Budra bring these songs, whosebow isfirm and strong, the\n2 self-dependent God with swiftly-flying shafts,\nThe Wise, the Conqueror whom none may overcome, armed\nwith sharp-pointed weapons : may he hear our call.\n2 He through his lordship thinks on beings of the earth, Oh\nheavenly beings through his high imperial sway.\nCome willinglyto ourdoorsthatgladlywelcome thee, andheal\nall sickness, Budra, in our families.\n3 May thy bright arrow which, shot down by thee from heaven,\nflieth upon the eartlu pass us uninjured by.\nThou, very gracious God, hast thousand medicines : inflict no\nevilon our sons or progeny.\n4 Slayusnot, norabandonus, 0 Budra letnotthynoose, when\n:\nthou art angry, seise us.\nGive us trimmed grass and fame among the living. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nS&ra theSun as distinguishedfrom, oradifferentform of, Savitarwho\nissaidby S&yanatobethe Sunbeforehisrising.\n3 Very gracious God ; svapivdta. ‘This word is not explained in the\nprintedtextof Sayana, althoughin the “Yarietaa Lectionis,” appended to\nhis preface, Prof. Miiller notes thatinone MS., B. 4, svapivdta is rendered\nbyjitaprana, “hebywhom life (orbreath) is conquered.” IntheNirukta,\nX. 7. itisexplaine—dby svdpta-vachana, “thouwhosewords arevery suitable\no tr heau wt oh ror dit wa it li lv be e.” f' ounM du .ir, Wi0 l. sS o, nT re ext ns d, erI sV, s3 v1 a4 p, ivw dh taer be yan *wie nx dh -a au ps pt ei av se en ro /te ano dn\nGrassmannby‘vielbegehrter,’ {much-desired.’\n4 Giveustrimmedgrass letusshare insacrifice. Fameamongthe living:\nthe Sb. Petersburg Lexicon takes jtvasunsi to mean rule over theliving.\nsO it gh ne ir fs yit na gk ‘e dt eh sie rw edor bd ytas hequ lia vl ii nf gy /in ‘g toba br eh pU rh ai i, set dr aim mm oe nd gg mr ea ns ,s ’, i s. pre. omsa ic sr iif ni gce (, loa nn gd\n)\nlife.’ See VedicHymns ,PartI. p. 439.\n4"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 692,
            "content": "; : : :\nm THU HYMNS OF [HOOK FIT\nHYMN\nXLYII. Water*.\nMay we obtain this day from you, 0 Waters, that wave of\npure refreshment, which the pious\nMade erstthe special beverage of Indra, bright, stainless, rich\nin sweets and dropping fatness.\n2 May the Floods’ • Offspring, he whose course is rapid, protect\nthat wave most rich in sweets, 0 Waters,\nThat shall make Indra and the Vasus joyful. This may we\ngain from you to-day, we pious.\n3 All-purifying, joying in their nature, to paths of Gods the\nGoddesses moveonward.\nThey never violate the laws of Indra. Present the oil-rich\noffering to the Rivers.\n4 Whom S&rya with his bright beamshath attracted, and Indra\ndug the pathfor them to travel,\nMay these Streams give us ample room and freedom. Pre-\n> serve us evennore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\n• XLVIII. Ribhus.\nYe liberal Heroes, V&jas and Ribhukshans, come and delight\nyou with our flowing Soma.\nMay your strength, Vibhus,asye cometomeetus, turnhither-\nward your car that brings men profit.\n2 May we as Ribhu with yourRibhusConquer strength with our\n* strength, as Vibhus with the Vibhus.\nMay Vaja aid us in the fight for booty, and helped by Indra\nmay we quell the foeman.\n3 For they rule many tribes with high dominion, and conquer\nalltheir foes in close encounter.\nMay Indra, Vibhvan, V&ja, and Ribhukshan destroy by turns\nthe wicked foeman’s valour. •\n4 Now, Deities, give us ample room and freedom : be all ofyou,\none-minded, our protection.\nSo let the Vasus grant us strength and vigour. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, withblessings.\nHer1 etW oav ie mpo lf y' tp hu ere Sore mf are js uh im ce en pt rod‘ us cw ee det fres os men tc he eo ef artt hh .e ’—ea Wr it lh\nso;\nn.’Urmi is said\n3 All-purifying: sutdpavitrdh; literally,withahundred,thatis, countless,\nmeansofpurification. The Goddesses thedivineWaters.\n1 VdjasandMbhuJcshans yethree, Ribhu,Vibhvan, andV&ja.\n2 The meaningis, maywebeaspowerful asRibhu, asmightyasthecom-\npany ofthe Vibhus(another nameofthe Ribhus). S&yanaexplainsribh'das\ngreat,andvibhvah as powerful. Inthefightforbooty: vffjas'Hau; a playon\nthewordandname v$ja.\n4 The Vasus accordingtoS&yan —a,vdsavah hereisanepithetof Ribhdvah,\nunderstood ‘the exacted(Ribhus).’ Wilson.\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 693,
            "content": "—\n:\nMTM2? no,) tub movEBi. Bl\nHYMN XLIX, Waters\n—\nForth fr —om the middle of the flood the Waters their chief\nthe Sea flow cleansing,, never sleeping.\nIndra, the Bull, the Thunderer, dug their channels here let\n;\nthose Waters, Goddesses, protectme.\n2 Waters which come from heaven, or those that wander dug\nfrom the earth, or flowing free by nature,\nBright, purifying, speeding to the Ocean, here let those\nWaters, Goddesses, protect me.\n3 Those amid whom goes Varuna the Sovran, he who discri-\nminates men's truth and falsehood\nDistilling meath, the bright, the purifying, liere let those\nWaters, Goddesses, protect me.\n4 They from whom Varuna the King, and Soma, and all the\n1 Deities drink strengthand vigour,\nThey into whom Vaisv&nara Agni entered, here let those\nWaters, Goddesses, protect me, •\nHYMN\nL. VariousDeities.\n0 Mitra-Varuna, guard and protect me here let not that\n:\ncome to me which nests within and swells.\n1 d wr ii nv de ina gfar wot rhe\nm\nts ac uo crp h#i mon\ne\nh aa nt def wu ol unto\nd\nmth ye fs oi og th .t : let not the\n2 Eruption that appears upon the twofold joints, and that®\nwhich overspreads the ancles and the knees,\nMay the refulgent Agni banish farawny ; let not the winding\nwormtouch me and wound my foot,\n3 The poison that is formed upon the Salmali, that which is\nfound in streams, that which the plants produce,\nAll this may all the Gods banish and drive away ; letnot the\nwinding worm touch me and wound my foot.\nTheflood theoceanofair,the firmament.\nThedeities are (1)Mutra and Varuna,(2) Agni, (3) VisveBev&h, (4) Praise\nofthe Rivers. Eachstanzaofthehyrnu isto berepeateda asanantidoteto\nthepoisonordisease whichitspecifies.\n—- 1 That whichnestswithinandswells; 'theinsidiousAndspreading(poisonV*\nWilson. S&yanasuppliers the substantive visham. The scorpion; ajaJcd-\nvam\n;\ntheexact meaningisuncertain.\n2 Twofoldjoints: ofthearmsandlegs. S&yana’sinterpretatio—nisdifferent:\n*thepoisonwhichisgeneratedinthe manifoldknots (oftrees}..’ Wilson.\n3 The Salmali; the silk-cotton tree. Altthe Gods; or, the Afl-Gods or\nVisvedevash"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 694,
            "content": "—\n:\n52 TIIE HYMNS OF [BOOK V1L\n4 The steep declivities, the valleys, and the heights, thechan-\nnels full of water, and the waterless\nMay those who swell with water, gracious Goddesses, never\nafflict us with the Sipada disease, may all the rivers keep\nus free from SimidgL\nHYMN\nLI. Adityas.\nThrough the Adityas’ most auspicious shelter, through their\nmost recent succour may we conquer.\nMay they, the Mighty, giving ear, establish this sacrifice, to\nmake usfree and sinless.\n2 Let Aditi rejoice and the Adityas, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman,\nmost righteous.\nMay they, the Guardians of the world, protect us, and, to\nshow favour, drink this day our Soma.\n3 All Universal Deities, the Maruts, all the Adityas, yea, and\nall the Ribhus,\n- Indra, and Agni, and the Asvins, lauded. Preserve us ever-\nmore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nLII. Adityas.\nMaywebe free fromeverybond, Adityas acastleamong Gods\n!\nand men, ye Yasus.\nWinning, may we win Varuna and Mitra, and, being, may wre\nbe, 0 Earth and Heaven. ~\n- 2 May Varuna and Mitra grant this blessing, our Guardians,\nshelter to our seed and offspring.\nLet us not suffer for another’s trespass, nor do the thing that\nye, 0 Vasixs, punish.\n3 The ever-prompt Angirases, imploring riches from Savitar the\nGod, obtained them.\nSo may our Father who is great and holy, fed all the Gods,\naccordant, grant this favour.\nHYMN\nLIII. HeavenandEarth.\nAs priest with solemn rites and adorations I worship Heaven\nand Earth, the High and Holy.\nTo them, great Parents of the Gods, havesages of ancient\ntime, singing, assigned precedence.\n4 —The Sipadadisease 'perhapsthe Vaidikform ofSlipada, the Cochin\nleg.’ Wilson. Simidd: apparentlyafemale demon, oradisease attributed\ntohermalevolence.\n3 Universal Deities:visve devtfhjthe All-Gods. Lauded :thesentenceia\nincomplete, thesubstantivesinthenominative casehavingnoverb.\n1 Being:reallyand trulybeing, rich, powerful, anddistinguished.\n3 Our Father:Varuna, thefatherof Vasishtha;or Savitar, or Fraj&pati\nmaybeintended, - *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 695,
            "content": ":\nBYMN mn moved\n55.] a. 58\n2 With newest hymns set in the seat of Order, those the Two\nParents, born before all others,\nCome, Heaven and Earth, with the Celestial People, hither to\nus, for strong isyour protection.\n5 Yea, Heaven and Earth, ye hold in your possession full many\na treasure for the liberal giver.\nGrant usthat wealth which comesin freeabundance. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings*\nHYMN\nLIY. Y&stoshpati.\nAcknowledge us, 0 Guardian of the Homestead bring no\n:\ndisease, and give us happy entrance.\nWhate’cr we ask of thee, be pleased to grant and prosper\nifc,\nthou our quadrupeds and bipeds*\n2 Protector of the Home, be our promoter increase our wealth.\n:\nin kine and steeds, 0 Indu.\nMay we be ever-youthful in thy friendship : be pleased in us\nas in his sons a father.\n3 Through thy dear fellowship that bringethwelfare, maywete\nvictors, Guardian of the Dwelling\n!\nProtect our happiness in rest and labour. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nLY. V&stoshpati.\nY JtSTOSHPATl, who kill^st all disease and wearest every form,\nBe an auspicious Friend to us.\n2 When, 0 bright Son of Sarama, thou showest, tawny-huedf\nthy teeth,\nThey gleam like lances’ points within thy mouth when thou\nwouldst bite go thou to sleep.\n:\n3 Sarama’s Son, retrace thy way : bark at the robber and the\nAtth Ii ne df r. a’s sir ngei's barkest thou? Why dost thou seek to ter-\nrify us 3 Go to sleep.\n3 Fortheliberalgiver: or, forSucUs,\nV&stoshpatiis the Genius or tutelary Godof the house. In thishymn\nlieisaddressedalsoas Indu, anothername ofSomathe Moon-God.\nV&stoshpatiisthedeityofthefirststanza, andIndraoftherest.\nThe metre Is G&yatri in stanza 1, TJparisht&dbiiliati (8x3-hi2) in 2-4,\nandAnushfcup in 5-8, and thehymn appearstohe madeup ofthreecorres-\npondingpiecesunconnectedbytheirsubjects.\n2 Son of Saramd Saram&, the hound of Indra, is mother of thetwo\nS&rameyas, thebrindled watcli-dogs ofYama, God oftheDead. Thisstanza\nandthetwofollowingappeartobeaddressedbythespirits of Indra’sworship-\npersto one ofthe dogswho would prevent their enteringthe homeof the\npious."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 696,
            "content": "—\nm mu HYMNS OF [BOOK VIl\n4 Be on thy guard against the boai’, and let the boarbeware of\nthee.\nAt Indra's singers barkest thou? Why dost thou seek to\nterrify us? Go to sleep.\n5 Sleep mother, let the father sleep, sleep dog and master of the\nhouse.\nLet all the kinsmen sleep, sleep all the people who are round\nabout.\n6 The man who sits, the man who walks, and whosoever looks\non us,\nOf theseweclosely shut the eyes, even as we closely shut this\nhouse.\n7 The Bull w<Tho hath a thousand horns, who rises up fi’om out\nthe sea,\nBy him the Strong and Mighty One we lull and make the\npeople sleep.\n8 The women sleepingin the court, lying without, or stretched\non beds,\n, —\nThe matrons with their odorous sweets these, one and all,\nwe lull to sleep.\nHYMN LVL\nMaruts.\nWho are these radiant men in serried rank, Rudra's young\nheroes borne by noble steeds?\n2 Yerily no oneknoweth whence they' sprang they, and they\n:\n^ only, know each other's birth.\n6 They strew eachother with their blasts, these Hawks : they\nstrove together, roaring like the wind.\n5 This and the threefollowing stanzas formalullabyorsleep-song, pro-\nbablysungasacharmbyaloveron asecretvisittohis love.\n7 The Bullwho hathathousand horns:theSun, whosesettingbringsthe\ntimeofrestandsleep;orperhapsthestarry heavenisintended.\n8 Withtheirodoroussweets: wearinggarlandsoffragrant flowerso—n festive\noccasions, accordingtoSftyana: ‘decorated withholiday perfumes.’ Wilson.\nAccordingtoalegendmentionedbySdyana, Vasishtlia.havingfasted forthree\ndayswas enteringthe houseof Varunainhopeoffood, when the watch-dog\nsetupon him and wasputto sleep hythe repetition ofthelastfourverses,\nwhichare tobe recited on similaroccasions bythieves and house-breakers.\nSee Wilson’s note. Thehymn has been discussed hy Aufrecht, Jndi&ahz\nStudien IY. 337f, andbyLanman, SanskritReader p. 370.\n, ,\n3 They strew each other with their blasts : the- meaningofsvapflbhiK is\nuncertain. ‘They go together by their —own purepaths.’—Wilson ‘They\nplucked eachothe—r with their beaks (?)’ M. Muller. ‘They bestreweach\notherwi—th light.’ Grassmaftn. ‘They scatter dust over each other with\nbesoms/ Roth. IfollowProfessorLudwig. Themeaningappearstobethat\n-theHawks orrapid Marutsaresocrowdedintheir onward sweepthatthose\ninfrontfeelthequickbreathofthose who follow. Similarly (VIII.20, 21),\nthecrowdedMarutsarelikenedtocattlewholickeachother’s headsorhumps."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 697,
            "content": ":: )\nBYMB 56.] THE RIGVEDA. TO\n4 A sage was he who knew these mysteries, what in her udder\nmighty Prism bore.\n5 Ever victorious, through the Maruts, he this band of Heroes,\nnursing manly strength,\n6 Mostbright in splendour, fleetest on their way, close-knit to\nglory, strong with varied power.\n7 Yea, mighty is your power and firm your strength : so,\npotent, with the Maruts, be the band.\n8 Bright is your spirit, wrathful are your minds your bold\n:\ntroop’s minstrel is like one inspired.\n9 Ever avert your blazing shaft from us, and let not your dis-\npleasure reach us here. *\n10 Your dear names, conquering Maruts, weinvoke, calling aloud\ntill we are satisfied.\n11 Well-armed, impetuous in their haste, they deck themselves,\ntheir forms, with ornaments of gold.\n12 Pure, Maruts, pure yourselves, areyouroblations : to you, tfle\npure, pure sacrifice I offer.\nBy Law they came to truth, the Law’s observers, bright by\ntheir birth, and pure, and sanctifying.\n13 Your rings, 0 Maruts, rest upon your shoulders, and chains\nof gold are twined ^pon your bosoms.\nGleaming with drops of rain, like lightning-flashes, after your\nwont ye whirl about your weapons.\n14 Wide in the depth of air spread forth your glories, far, most\nadorable, ye bear your titles.\nMaruts, accept this thousandfold allotment of household\nsacrifice and household treasure.\n15 If, Maruts, yd regard the praise recited here at this mighty\nsinger’s invocation,\nVouchsafe us quickly wealth with noble heroes, wealth which\nno man who hatetb us may injure.\n4 What in her udder according to S&yana, what beings (Maruts, etc.\nmightyPrisniboreat herudderoriuthefirmament.\n8 Yourboldtroop's minstrel:theleaderofthe Maruts’thunder-psalm. Like\noneinspired: milniriva, likeaMuniorinspiredsaint ‘Thesoundsproduced\nby theshaking ofthetreesarelikethevariedintonationsofareciterofpraises,\nis S&yana’s explanation.’—Wilson. Lanman translates differently: Clearis\nyourwhistling. Yourheartsarewrathfulasthewildonward-rushofadoughty\ntroop/\n14 Ye bear yourtitles you make y—ourselves known. *You send down\n(thewaters) that beatdown (the dust)/ Wilson. N&mdni) names, according\nto S&yana,meanswaters,becausetheybanddownthedust,pdns4nnamayanti."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 698,
            "content": ":\nfctf THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VII\n16 The Manits, fleet as coursers, while they deck them like\nyouths spectators of a festal meeting,\nLinger, like beauteous colts, about the dwelling, like frisking\ncalves, these who pour down the water.\n17 So may the Maruts help us and be gracious, bringing free\nroom to lovely*Earth and Heaven.\nFar be yourbolt that slayeth men and cattle. Ye Yasus,\nturn yourselves to us with blessings.\n18 The priest, when seated, loudly calls you, Maruts, praising in\nsong your universal bounty.\nHe, Bulls ! who hath so much in liis possession, free from\nduplicity, with hymns invokes you.\n19 These Maruts bring the swift man to a stand-still, and\nstrength with mightier strength they break and humble.\nThese guardthe singer from the man who hates him and lay\ntheir sore displeasure on the wicked.\n20 These Maruts rouse even the poor and needy the Yasus love\nr him as an active champion. :\nDrive to a distance, 0 ye Bulls, the darkness give us full\n:\nstore of children and descendants.\n21 Never, 0 Maruts, may we lose your bounty, nor, car-borne\nLords ! be hindmost when ye deal it.\nGive us a share in that delighted treasure, the genuine\nwealth that, Bulls ! isyour possession.\n122 What timethe men in furyrushtogetherfor running'streams,\nfor pastures, and for houses,\nThen, 0 ye Maruts, ye who spring fromBudra, be onr protec-\ntors in the strife with foemen.\n23 Full many a deed ye did for our forefathers worthy of lauds\nwhich, even of old, they sang you. e\nThe strong man, with the Maruts, wins in battle, the charger,\nwith the Maruts, gains the booty.\n24 Ours, 0 ye Maruts, be the vigorous Hero, the Lord Divine of\nmen, the strong Sustainer,\nWith whom to fair lands we may cross the waters, and dwell\nin our own home with you beside us.\n25 May Indra, Mitra, Yaruna and Agni, Waters, and Plants, and\nTrees accept our praises.\nMay we findshelter in the Maruts' bosom. Preserve us ever-\nmore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n24 The Lord Divine: literally, the Asura. Wemaycrossthewaters the\nMaruts arebesoughtto favouran expeditionfortheacquisition ofnew set-\ntlements on thefartherside of ariver,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 699,
            "content": ": :: ,\nHYMN 58.] THE RIQVRDA. 57\nHYMN\nLVII. Maruts,\nYea, through the power of your sweet juice, ye Holy the\nMarut host is glad at sacrifices. !\nThey cause even spacious heaven and earth to tremble, they\nmake the spring flow when they come, the Mighty.\n2 The Maruts watch the man who sings their praises, promoters\nof the thought of him who worships.\nSeat you on sacred grass in our assembly, this day, with\nfriendly minds, to share the banquet.\n3 No others gleam so brightly as these Maruts with their own\nforms, their golden gauds, their weapons.\nWithalladornments, decking earthandheaven, they heighten,\nfor bright show, their common splendour.\n4 Far from us be your blazing dart, 0 Maruts, when we,\nthrough human frailty, sin against you.\nLet us not he exposed to that, ye Holy 1 May your most lov-\ning favour still attend ns. *\n5 May even what we have done delight the Maruts, the blame-\nless-Ones, the bright, the purifying.\nFurther us, 0 ye Holy, with your kindness: advance us\nmightily that we may prosper.\n6 And may the Maruts, praised by all their titles, Heroes, enjoy\nthe taste of our oblations.\nGive ns of Amrit for the sake of offspring awake the excel- -\n:\nlent fair stores of riches.\n7 Hither, ye Maruts, praised, with all your succours, with all\nfelicity come to our princes,\nWho, of themselves, a hundredfold increase us. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nLVIII. • Maruts.\nSing to the troop that pours down rain in common, the\nMighty Company of celestial nature.\n1 Ye Holy according to S&yapa, the Maruts are addressed. The Marut\nhost: n&maMXrutam theMarutname, i. e. thosewho are calledMaruts.\nThis hymn, and all the hymns tothe Maruts have been translated and\nexplained in MaxMuller’s Vedic Hymns I. (Sacred Books of theEast, Vol.\nXXXII)\n6 Give usofAmrit thesecretessencewhichpervadestheworld andnour-\nishes and s—ustains all must naturally alsobethe element thatpromotesre-\nproduction. Ludwig. YonBothexplains thepassagedifferently: ‘Addusto\n(thenumber of)t—hepeople ofeternity, i,e. tothe blessed/ * vouchsafe our\nchildrenlonglife/ Grassmann. ‘Bestowwaterupon ourprogeny/—Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 700,
            "content": ":\n58 TBS BYMBS OS [BOOK VII.\nThey makethe world-halves tremble with their greatness\n:\nfrom depths of earth and sky they reach to heaven.\n2 Yea, yourbirth, Maruts, was with wild commotion, ye who\nmove swiftly, fierce in wrath, terrific.\nYe all-surpassing in yourmight and vigour, eachlooker onthe\nlight fears at your coming.\n3 Give ample vital power unto our\"princes : let our fair praises\ngratify theMaruts.\nAs the way travelled helpeth people onward, so further us\nwith your delightful succours.\n4 Your favoured singer counts his wealth by hundreds the\n:\nstrong steed whom ye favour wins a thousand.\nThe Sovran whom ye aid destroys the foeman. May this\nyour-gift, ye Shakers, be distinguished.\n5 I call, as such, the Sons of bounteous Rudra : will not the\nMaruts turn againto us-ward?\nr What secret sin or open stirs their anger, that we implore the\nSwift Ones to forgive us.\n6 This eulogy of the Bounteous hath been spoken : accept, ye\nMaruts, this our hymn of praises.\nYe Bulls, keep thosewho hate us at a distance. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nBIX. Maruts.\nWhomso ye rescuehereandthere, whoinso yeguide, 0 Deities,\nTo him give shelter, Agni, Mitra, Varuna, ye Maruts, axid\nthouAryaman.\n2 Through your kind favour, Gods, on some auspicious day, the\nworshipper subdues his foes.\nThat man increases home and strengthening ample food who\nbrings you offerings as ye list.\n3 Yasishthawill not overlook the lowliest one among you all.\n0 Maruts, of our Soma juice effused to-day drink all of you\nwith eagerhaste.\n4 Your succour in the battle injures not the man to whom ye,\nHeroes, grant your gifts.\n1 Fromdepthsofearthandshj:nirritihereissaid tobe synonymouswith\nhhUrni,earth, andavamd theunsupported, withantarijcsha firmament. But\nnirriti, Death, Destructi, on, asidentified with bMmi, may, be thePrithivi of\ntheatmosphere(seeY. 84.), whichmustoriginallyhavebeenconsideredtobe\ntheplaceofdepartedspirits.\n2 Eachlookeronthelight:vhvahsvardvik:accordingtoS&yana, every-tree.\n4 Injures-not alitotesfor,is ofthegreatest advantageto."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 701,
            "content": ": ; : :\nBYMN 5#.] THE RIGVEDA. m\nMay your most recent favourturn to us again. Come quickly,\nye who fain would drink,\n5 Come hitherward to drink the juice, 0 ye whose bounties give\nyou joy.\nThese offerings are for you, these, Maruts, I present. Go not\nto any place but this,\n6 Sit on our snored grass, he graciously inclined to give the\nwealth for which we long,\nTo take delight, ye Maruts, Friends of all, with Svaha, in\nsweet Soma juice.\n7 Decking the beauty of their forms in secret thq.Swans with\npurple backs have flown down hither.\nAround me all the Company hath settled, like joyous Heroes\nglad in our libation.\n8 Maruts, the man whose wrath is hard to master,he who would\nslay us ere we think, 0 Vasus,\nMay he be tangled in the toils of mischief smite ye him\ndown with your most flaming weapon. ;\n9 0 Maruts, ye consuming Gods, enjoy this offering brought for\nyou,\nTo help us, ye who slay the foe.\n10 Sharersof householdsacrifice, come, Maruts, staynotfar away.\nThat yemay help us, Bounteous Ones.\n11 Here, Self-strong Maruts, yea, even here, ye Sages with your\nsunbright skins\n!\nI dedicate your sacrifice.\n12 Tryambaka we worship, sweet augmenter of prosperity.\nAs from its stem the cucumber, so may I be released from\ndeath, not feit of immortality.\n5 Whose bounties giveyou joy orfollow each otherclosely, andareever\nfresh andready.\n6 Svdkd an exclamation,like Aye ! or Hail 1usediumaking oblationsto\ntheCods.\n7 Withpurplebacks: ntflaprishthih: cf. Horace's‘purpureiolores/\n8 Mischief orone ofthemalicious spiritscalledDrubs.\n12 Tryambaka ; anameof Rudra. Sweet accordingtoS&yana, sugdndhim,\nsweet-smelling, meanshere, 4whosefameisfragrant/ \"Theverseoccursinthe\nbY aa kj aur i- sV te ed ra, me6 d. 3 n0 e, ta rnn td rais y, oi pn ets ao mme JRin us dt ra an mc ,es t, hedif tf re ir oe cn ut ll ay rin Rt ue dr rp are :ted su;gaT nr dy ha im m-\n,\nd kai rv ky aa ng —da .n hd uho [p fe rt uia tm o, fo tf hece jl ues jt ui ba el -tf rr eea ]g ,ra wn hc ie c: h,th we het nirv ru ir peu ,ka fai ls lssa oi fd, itt so elm fe fa rn omt ih te\ns\nstalk/ Wilson. , ,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 702,
            "content": ": : :\nm\n80 9BB HYMNS OP [Won\nHYMN LX. Mitra-Varuna.\nWmn\nthou, 0 Sun, this day, arising sinless, shalt speak the\ntruth to Varuna and Mitraj\n0 Aditi, may all the Deities love uS, and thou, 0 Aryaman,\nwhile we are singings\n2 Looking oil man, 0 Yaruna and Mitra, this Sun ascendeth up\nby both the pathways,\nGuardian of all things fixt> of all that moveth, beholding\ngood and evilacts ofmortals.\n3 He from their home hath yoked the Seven gold Coursers who,\ndropping oil and fatness, carry Surya.\nYours, Yaruna and Mitra, he surveyeth the worlds and living\ncreatures like a herdsman.\n4 Your coursers rich in store of sweets have mounted i to the\nbright ocean Surya hath ascended,\nFor whom the Adityas make his pathway ready, Aryaman,\nMitra, Yaruna, accordant.\n5 For these, even Aryaman, Yaruna, and Mitra, are the chas-\ntisers of all guile and falsehood.\nThe.se, Aditi’s Sons, infallible and mighty, have waxen in the\nhomeof Law Eternal.\n6 These, Mitra, Yaruna, whomnone4eceiveth, withgreat power\nquicken even the fool to wisdom,\nAnd, wakening, moreover, thoughtful insight, lead it by easy\npaths o’ergrief and trouble.\n7 They evervigilant, with eyes that closenot, caringforheaven\nand earth, lead on the thoughtless.\nEven in the river’s bed there is a shallow : across this broad\nexpanse may they conduct us. •\n8 When Aditi’and Yaruna and Mitra, likeguardians, give Sudas\ntheir friendly shelter,\nGranting himsons andlineal succession, let us not, bold ones !\nmove the Gods to anger.\nThehymn isaddressed chieflyto MitraandYaruna, butSaryaor theSun\nisthedeityofthefirststanza,\n1 Sinless: Sftyanamakes dnfigdh-andgasah : cdeclare thetruth...thatwe\narevoidofsin.’-—Wilson. Butthisseemsforced, andtheimplied meaningof\nthepoetisclearenoughifthewordis takeninitsusualsignification.\n2 Boththepathways neartheearthandhighinthefirmament.\n6 Mitra, Vanina andAryaman,understood:theverbsareintheplural.\n8 Bold ones thewarningisaddressedtothepeopleofSud&s,whohasbeen\nfrequently mentionedinprecedinghymns."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 703,
            "content": "—\n9\nHYMN 61.] THE RIGVEDA. n\nMay he with offerings purify the altar from any stains of\nYanina's reviler.\nAryaman save us from all those who hate us give roomand\nfreedom to Sudas, ye Mighty. :\n10 Hid from our eyes is their resplendent meeting: by their\nmysterious might they hold dominion.\nHeroes ! we cry trembling in fearbeforeyou,even in thegreat-\nness of your power have mercy.\n11 He who wins favour for his prayer by worship, thathe may\ngain him strength and highest riches,\nThat good man's mindtheMighty Oneswill follojv they have\n:\nbrought comfort to his spacious dwelling.\n12 This priestly task, Gods ! Yaruna and Mitra ! hath been par-\nformed for you at sacrifices.\nConvey us safely over every peril. Preserve us evermore, ye\nGods, with blessings.\nr\nHYMN\nLXI.\nMitra-Varuna.\n0 Yaruna and Mitra, Sftrya spreading the beauteous light of\nyou Twain Gods ariseth.\nHe who beholdeth all existing creatui'es observeth well the zeal\nthat is in mortals/ r\n2 The holy sage, renowned afai’, direeteth his hymns to you, 0\nYaruna and Mitra,\nHe whose devotions, sapient Gods, ye favour so that ye fill, as\n'twere, with power his autumns.\n3 Fromthe wide earth, 0 Varuna and Mitra, from the great\nlofty heaven, ye, Bounteous Givers,\nHave in the fields and houses set yourwarders whovisitevery\nspot and watchunceasing.\n4: I praise the strength of Yaruna and Mitra : that strength, by\nmightiness, keeps both worlds asunder.\nPleroless pass the months of the ungodly : he who loves sacri-\nfice makes his home enduring.\nof9 priM na cey sh le ik; eA Sg un d&i sm ,a Vy arb ue ni ant be en id ne gd. theV ka in ni g’n sa' ps ror te ov til ye pr e: .—t Lho us de ww ih go . speakevil\n10 Their resplendentmeeting:thatofMitra, Varuna, andAryaman.\n11 Have brought comfortto—his spaciousdwelling; ‘bestowaspaciousman*\nsionforadwelling uponhim.’ Wilson.\n2 Autumns: years ofhislife."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 704,
            "content": "m TBS BYMBS OF {BOOB Fit\n5 Steers, all infallible are\ntheseyourpeopleinwhomnowondrous\nthing is seen, no worship.\nGuile follows close the men who are untruthful : no secrets\nmay be hidden from your knowledge.\n6 I will exalt your sacrifice with homage ; as priest, I, Mitra-\nVaruna, invoke you.\nMay these new hymns and prayers that I have fashioned\ndelight you to the profit of.the singer.\n7 This priestly task, Gods\n!\nVaruna and Mitra!' hath been per-\nformed for you at sacrifices.\nConvey us safely over every peril. Preserve us evermore, ye\nGods, tfith blessings.\nHYMN LXIL\nMitra-Varursai.\nSiVrya hath sent aloft his beams of splendour o’er all the\ntribes of men in countless places.\nTogether with the heaven he shines apparent, formed by his>\nMakers well with power and wisdom.\n2 So hast thou mounted up before us, Surya, through these our\npraises, with fleet dappled horses.\nDeclare us free from all offence to Mitra, and Varuna, and!\nAryaman, and Agni.\n3 May holy Agni, Varuna, and M%a send down their riches\nupon us in thousands.\nMay they, the BrightOnes, makeour praise-song perfect,and,,\nwhen we laud them, grant us all our wishes.\n4 0 undivided Heaven and Earth, preserve us, us, Lofty Ones f\nyour nobly-born descendants.\nLet us not anger Varuna, nor Vayu, nor him, the dearest\nFriend of mortals, Mitra. r\n5 Stretch forth your arms and let O'Ur lives be lengthened ^\nwith fatness dew the pastures of our cattle.\nYe Youthful, make us famed among the people hear, Mitra-\n:\nVaruna, these mine invocations.\n5 This stanza isdifficult, te&yana’s interpretationasgiven byWilsonisr\n*Unperplexed, all-pervadingshowerers (ofbenefits),thesepraisesareforyou,\nin whichnothingsurprising, noadoration (worthy ofyou), is beheld; thein-\nsincere commendationsof menserve asoffences; eulogies ofyou, although\nofferedinsecretarenotunappreciated/ The versionoftheSeventyHymnsis\nsomewhat asfollows : ‘All youravengingspirits, 0yeMighty, follow unerr-\ninglythe sinner’straces. They haveno signthatmen maymark, nofigure.\nNaughtr-is^sosecretthat yefail to know it.’ This latter involvesaslight\nalteration offtlietext. Iprefer Ludwig’s interpretation, althoughit isnot\nabsolutely convihgiiig.\n6 To theprofit of'tyesinger: see Yedische Studien, I. 43."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 705,
            "content": ": ; ;\nm\nHYMN 64.] THE MIGVEDA.\n6 Now Mitra, Yaruna, Aryamanvouchsafe us freedomandroom*\nfor us and for our children.\nMay we find paths all fair and good to travel. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LX III. Mitra-Yaruna,\nCommontoall mankind, auspiciousSurya,hewhobeholdethall,\nis mounting upward\nThe God, the eye of Yaruna and Mitra, who rolled up dark-\n- ness like a piece of leather.\n2 Siirya’s great ensign, restless as the billow, that urgeth men\nto action, is advancing\nOnward he still would roll the wheel well-rounded, which\nEtasa, harnessed to the car-pole, moveth.\n3 Refulgent fromthe bosomof theMornings, he inwhomsingers\ntake delight ascendeth.\nThis Savitar, God, is my chiefjoyand pleasure, who breaketh\nnot the universal statute. m\n4 Golden, far-seeing, from the heaven he riseth : far is his goal,\nhe hasteth on resplendent.\nMen, verily, inspirited by Surya speed to their aims and do\nthe work assigned them.\n5 Where the Immortals have prepared his pathway he flieth\nthrough the region lil?e a falcon.\nWithhomageand oblationswill we serve you, 0 Mitra-Yaruna,\nwhen the Sun hath risen.\n6 Now Mitra, Yaruna, Aryamanvouchsafe us freedomand room,\nfor us and for our children.\nMay we find paths all fair and good to travel. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LXIY. Mitra-Varuna.\nYe Twain who rule, in heaven and earth, the region, clothed\nbe your clouds in robes of oil and fatness.\nMay the imperial Varnna, and Mitra, and high-born Aryaman\naccept our presents.\n2 Kings, guards of mighty everlasting Order, come hitherward,\nye Princes, Lordsof Rivers.\nSend us from heaven, 0 Yaruna and Mitra, rain and sweet\nfood, ye who pour down your bounties,\n32 E Brl ea am k: ethor, not the fb ar ii tg hh ft ulo lr yd oa bp sp el re vd esst ae ne dd s; upo pn oe rto sf .thehorsesofthe Sun. .\n1 Chiliad be your clouds: 1Acovering cloud of sacred oil attends you\n(V. 62. 4). *Impelledbyyou, (theclouds)assumetheformofrain.’—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 706,
            "content": "—\n: :: : :\nU THEHYMNS OF [BOOK PlL\n3 May the dear God, and Vanina, and Mitra conduct us by the\nmost effective pathways,\nThat foes may say unto Sud^s our chieftain, Maywe, too, joy\nin food with Gods to guard us.\n4 Him whohath wrought for you this car in spirit, who makes\nthe song rise upward and sustains it,\nBedew with fatness, Varuna and Mitra ye Kings, make glad\nthe pleasant dwelling-places. :\n5 To you this laud, 0 Varuna and Mitra, is offered like bright\nSoma juice to Vayu,\nFavour our songs of praise, wake thought and spirit. Preserve\nus eveifbiore, ye Gods, with blessings,\nHYMN LXV\nMitra-Varuna.\nWith hymns I call you, when the Sun hath risen, Mitra, and\nVaruna whose thoughts are holy,\nWhosePowerDivine, supremeandeverlasting, comeswithgood\nheed at each man’s supplication.\n2 For they are Asuras ofGoIs, the friendly : make, both of you,\nour lands exceeding fruitful.\nMay we obtain you, Varuna and Mitra, wherever Heaven and\nEarth and days may bless us.\n3 Bonds of thesinner,theybearmanynooses the wicked mortal\nhardly may escapethem. ° :\nVaruna-Mitra, mayyourpath of Order bear us o’er trouble as\na boat o’er waters.\n4 Come, tasteouroffering, VarunaandMitra bedew ourpasture\n:\nwith sweet food and fatness.\nPour down in plenty here upon the peoplethe choicest ofyour\nfair celestial water.\n3 The secondhalf of thestanzais obscure. The meaningappears tobe\nthateven ourfoes, thegodless whooffer no sacrifices, shallenvy thepros-\nperitywhich weenjoythrough the liberalityofSudfis, andshallwish to fol-\nlowour example,to sacrificeto theGods andtoenjoy theirprotection and\ntheblessingswhichtheysend.\n4 This car thiscarefully-formedhymn which goes, likeachariot, tothe\nGods.\n5 To Vdiju whoreceives thefirstdraught ofSomajuice at the morning\nlibation.\nThe hymn appears to be composed of fragmentsof otherhymns with a\nfew originaladditions. Cf. VII 63. 5; 66, 7. 12; VI. 68, 8; VII, 62. 5; III\n62. 16. SeevonBradke, DyausAsura, 3 5.\n1 Power Divine: asuryam Asurahood. MTiose:refersto MitraandVaruna.\n2 AmrasofGods thehigh orrulingGods of allthedeities.\n8 Bonds binders. Many nooses: *Yourguiles,yeHoly Ones, toquellop-\npressors,yoursnaresspreadoutagainstthefoe, Adityas’ (II. 27. 16)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 707,
            "content": "-\n5\nBYUN 66.] THE RIGVEDA. 65\nTo you this laud, 0 Varuna and Mitra, is offered, like bright\nSoma juice to Vayu.\nFavour our songs of praise, wake thought and spirit.Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nLXVI.\nMitra-V&runa.\nLet our strong hymn of praise go forth, the laud of Mitra-\nVaruna,\nWith homageto that high-born Pair\n;\n2 The Two exceeding wise, the Sons of Daksha, whom the Gods\nordained\nFor lordship, excellently great. *\n3 Such, Guardians of our homes and us, 0 Mitra-Varuna,fulfil\nThethoughts of those who sing your praise.\n4 So when the Sun hath risen to-day, may sinless Mitra, Arya-\nman,\nBhaga, and Savitar send us forth.\n5 May this our home be guarded well forward, ye Bounteous,\n:\non the way,\n10 Who bear us safely o’er distress.\n6 And those Self-reigning, Aditi, whose statute is inviolate,\nThe Kings who mle a \\^st domain.\n7 Soon as theSun htthrisen, to you, to Mitra-Varuna, I sing,\nAnd Aryaman who slays the foe.\n8 With wealth of gold may this my song bring unmolested\npower and might,\nAnd, Brahmans, gain the sacrifice.\n9 May we be thine, God Varuna, and with our princes, Mitra,\nthine\n:\nFood and Heaven’s light will we obtain.\nMany are they who strengthen Law, Sun-eyed, with Agni for\ntheir tongue,\n2 SonsofDaksha* see VI. 50. 2. Forlordship: literally forAsurahood.\n4 Sinless: S&yana here, asin VII 60. 1, takes dndgdh &s—andgasah,so\nthat, accordingtohis interpretation, thetranslationwould be : may Savitar,\nMitra, Aryaman, andBhagasend ussinlessforth.\n6 Aditiis outof placehere, as thereis no copulativein thetext : whose\nmotherisAditi, seems to be intended.\nit8 (beAn ed ff, ectB ir vea )h ,ma sn as ge, sg ,ai fon rth te hesa fcr ui lf fi ic le m: ent the ofex (a tc ht em oe ba jn ei ctn sgi os f)un tc he ert sa aci rn if: ic‘ e.M ’a—y\nWilson,\n5"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 708,
            "content": ": :\n66 TBMHYMNS OF [BOOK VII\nThey who direct the three great gatherings with their\nthoughts, yea, all things with surpassing might.\n11 They who have stablished year and month and then the day,\nnight, sacrifice andholy verse,\nVaruna, Mitra, Aryaman,the Kings,havewondominionwhich\nnone else may gain.\n12 So at the rising of the Sun we think of you with hymns\nto-day,\nEven as Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman deserve ye are the chariot-\n:\neersof Law.\n13 True to Law, born in Law, the strengthenersof Law, terrible,\nhaters of the false,\nIn theirfelicity whichgives the best defence maywe menand\nour princes dwell.\n14 Uprises, on the slope ofheaven, thatmarvel that attractsthe\nsight,\nAs swift celestial Etasa bears it away, prepared for every eye\nto see.\n15 Lord of each single bead, of fixt and moving things, equally\nthrough the whole expanse,\nThe Seven sister Bays bear Surya on his car, to bring us\nwealth and happiness. r\n16 A hundred autumnsmay we see that bright Eye, God-ordain-\ned, arise\nA hundred autumns may we live.\n17 Infallible through your wisdom, come hither, resplendent\nVaruna,\nAndMitra, to the Soma draught.\n18 Come asthe laws of Heaven ordain, Varuna, Mitra, void of\nguile\n:\nPress near and drink the Soma juice.\n19 Come, Mitra, Varuna, accept, Heroes, our sacrificial gift\nDrink Soma, ye who strengthen Law.\nf\n10 Thethreegreatgatherings:orthreeassemblies. The meaningisnotclear.\nLudwigis of opinionthatthethreecastesareintended.\nThemeaningof stanzas 10 and 51 is that although therebe manydeities\nVaruna,Mitra,andAryamanaresupreme.\n15 SisterBays: theHarits. SeeIV.6. 9; 13. 3.\n18—Cme as thelawsof Heavenordain: *Come withy —our glories from the\nsky.’ Styana. ‘Comehitherwith thehostsof heaven.’ Grassmann."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 709,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 67.] THE RIGVEDA. 67\nHYMN LXVIL\nAsvins.\nX with a holy heart that brings oblation will sing forth praise\nto meet your car, ye Princes, 1\nWhich, Much-desired I hath wakened as your envoy. I call\nyou hither as a son his parents.\n2 Brightly hath Agni shone by us enkindled: the limits even\nof darkness were apparent.\nEastward is seen the Banner of theMorning, the Banner bora\nto give Heaven’s Daughterglory.\n3 With hymns the deft priest is about you, Asvins, the eloquent\npriestattends you now, N&satyas.\nCome by the paths that ye are wont to travel, ’on car that\nfinds the light, laden with treasure.\n4 Wh ie nn g, ws eu ap lp tl hia cn alt lf yo or uyo tu or oh ue rlp l, ibaL to iv oe nr ,s of Sweetness ! I seek-\nHit ushe tr hw ear wd ellle -t pry eo su sr edvi Sg oo mr aou js uih co er ss .es bear you : drink ye with\n^\n5 Bring forward, Asvins, Gods, to its fulfilment my never-weari-\ned prayer that asks for riches.\nVouchsafe us all high spirit in the combat, and with your\npowers, 0 Lords of Power, assist us.\n6 Favour us in these prayers of ours, 0 Asvins, May we have\ngenial vigour, ne’er to fail us.\nSo may we, strong in children and descendants, go, wealthy,\nto the banquet that awaits you.\n7 Lovers of Sweetness, we have brought this treasure to you as\n’twere an envoy sent for friendship.\nCome unto us with spirits free fromanger, in homes of men\nenjoying ou&oblation.\n& With one, the same, intention, ye swiftmovers, o’er the Seven\nFivers hath your chariot travelled.\nYoked by the Gods, your strong steeds never weary while\nspeeding forward at the pole they bearyou.\n9 Exhaustless be your bounty to our princes who with their\nwealth incite the gift of riches,\nWho further friendship with their noble natures, combining\nwealth in kine with wealth in horses.\n—\n1 Much-desired: (adorable.1 Wilson.\n$ Incitethegiftofriches; movethe Godstogiverichesinreturn.\nFriendship or, a kinsman, meaning,apparently, thepriest"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 710,
            "content": ": :: : :\n68 TME HYMNS OF (BOO# VIZ,\n10 Now hear, 0 Youthful Twain, mine invocation: come, Asvins,\nto the home where food aboundeth.\nYouehsafe us wealth, do honour to our nobles. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nLXYIII. Asvins.\nCome, radiant Asvins, with your noble horses accept your\n:\nservant’s hymns, ye Wonder-Workers\n:\nEnjoy oblations which we bring to greet you.\n2 The gladdening juices stand prepared beforeyou come quick-\n:\nly and partake of mine oblation.\nPass by tjie calling of our foe and hear us.\n3 Your chariot with a hundred aids, 0Asvins, beareth you swift\nas thought across the regions,\nSpeeding to us, 0 ye whose wealth is SdryA\n4 What time this stone of yours, the Gods’ adorer, upraised,\nsounds forth for you as Soma-presser,\n\" Let the priest bring you, Fair Ones, through oblations.\n5 The nourishment ye have is, truly, wondrous : ye gave there-\nof a quickening store to Atri,\nWho, being dear to you, receives your favour.\n6 That gift, which all may gain, ye gave Chyav&na, when he\ng*ew old, who offered you oblations,\nWhen ye bestowed on him enduring beauty.\n7 What time his wicked friends abandoned Bhujyu, 0 Asvins,\nin the middle of the ocean,\nYour horse delivered him, your faithful servant.\n3 Whose wealthisSAn/d having Stiryd for your possession or treasure.\nSfiryd, thedaughteroftheSun.istheconsortoftheA*vins. See I. 116. 17.\n4 TheGods'adorer: devayfth literally, turning or goingto theGods, in-\nasmuch as it isemployed inpreparing the Somajuice. The priest here,\nperhaps,thepressing-stone.\n5 A quickening store the meaningof mdhishvantam which doesnotoccur\nelsewhere, is uncertain. Accordingto Sdyana it mean,sapit orcavern ye\nliberatedAtrifromthe cavern, or,literally, yeseparatedthecavernfromA: tri.\nForthelegmd, seeI. 116. 12.\n6- Which all may gain which you Asvins are ready togranttoevery\nworshipper Who needs it. For the story of Chyavdna seel. J16. 10’ 117\n13; 118.6.\n7 Bhujyu: seeVol. I., Index. Your horse: thismeaningis suggestedby\nvonRoth for the uncertain word ardvd, which generally appears tomean\nhostileor illiberal 1ut mayperhapsStandin thispassage forarvd, acommon\nwur<l signifyinghor e. S‘eI. 117. 14 ‘Withhorsesbrownofhuethatflew\nwithswift wmgsye 1rought back Bhujyufrom the seaof billows.’ beealso\nVII. 69. 7."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 711,
            "content": ":\nEYMN THE RIGVEDA\n60.] . 69\n8 Ye lent your aid to Vrika when exhausted, and listened when\ninvoked to Sayu’s calling.\nYe made the cow pour forth her milk like water, and, Asvins,\nstrengthened with your strength the barren.\n9 With his fair hymns this singer, too, extols you, waking with\nglad thoughts at the break of morning.\nMay the cow nourish him with milk to feed him. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nLXIX.\nAsvins.\nMay your gold chariot, drawn by vigorous horses, come to us,\nblocking up the earth aud heaven, *\nBright with its fellies while its way drops fatness, food-laden,\nrich in coursers, man’s protector.\n2 Let it approach, yoked by the will, three-seate 1, extendingfay\nand wide o'er fivefold beings,\nWhereon ye visit God-adoring races, bending your cours^\nwhitherye will, 0 Asvins.\n3 Benowned, with noble horses, come ye hither drink, Wond-\n:\nrous Pair, the cup that holds sweet juices.\nYour car whereon your Spouse is wontto travel marks with\nits track the farthest ends of heaven.\n4 When night was turning to the grey of morning the Maiden,\nSurya’s Daughter, chose your splendour.\nWhen with your power and might ye aid the pious he comes\nthrough heat to life by your assistance.\n.5 0 Chariot-borne, this car of yours invested with rays of light\ncomes harnessed to our dwelling.\nHerewith, 0 Asvins, while the dawn is breaking, to this our\nsacrifice brisg peace and blessing.\n6 Like the wild cattle thirsty for the lightning, Heroes, come\nnigh this day to our libations.\nMen call on you with hymns in many places, but let not other\nworshippers detain you.\n8 Vrika; literally wolf,orrobber. Someman sonamedseems to bemeant.\nSayu: seeI. 118. 8; VI. 13. 5.\n9 This singer: the Rishi Vasishtha. Thecow: thatis brought to supply\nthemilkrequiredforlibations.\n2 Fivefold beings: (sarvaprdninah,1 alllivingbeings,saysS&yana.\n3 YourSpouse: Sury.i, daughterofthe Sun.\n4c Choseyour splendour Beel. 116. 17.\n6 Thirstyfor thelightning: whichimmediately precedes,or accompanies,\ntherain theylongfor."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 712,
            "content": ":\nTM\n70 HYMNS OP [BOOK fit\n7 Bhujyu, abandoned in the midst of ocean, ye raised from out\nthe water with your horses,\nUninjured, winged, flagging not, undaunted, with deeds of\nwonder saying him, 0 Asvins,\n8 Now hear, 0 Youthful Twain, mine invocation come, Asvins,\n:\nto the home where food aboundeth.\nVouchsafe us wealth, do honour to our nobles. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings,\nHYMN LXX.\nAsvins,\nRich inall blessings, Asvins, come ye hither : this place on\nearth is*called yourown possession,\nLike astrong horse with afairback it standeth, whereon, as\nin alap, ye seat you firmly.\n2 This most delightful eulogy awaits you : in the man's house\ndrink-offering hath been heated,\nr Which bringeth you overthe seas and rivers, yoking as 'twere\ntwo well-matched shining horses.\n3 Whatever dwellings ye possess, 0 Asvins, in fields of men or\nin the streamsof heaven.\nResting upon the summitof the mountain, or bringing food\nto himwho gives oblation,\n4: Delightyourselves, ye Gods, in plantsandwaters when Rishis\ngive them and ye findthey suit you.\nEnrichingus with treasuresin abundance ye have looked back\nto former generations.\n5 Asvins, though yehaveheard them oft aforetime, regard the\nmanyprayers which Bishis offer.\nCome tothe man even as his heart desireth may we enjoy\n;\nyourmost delightful favour. *\n6 Come to the sacrifice offered you, Nasatyas, with -men, obla-\ntions, and prayer duly uttered.\nCome to Vasishtha as hisheart desireth, for unto you these\nholy hymns are chanted.\n7 Horses:notin thetext,butsuppliedbyS&yanaandobviouslyunderstood.\nSeeprecedinghymn, 7,note.\n1 Thisplace: thealtar.\n2 Drink-offering;ghanna thelibationofhotmilk ;or,thecaldroninwhich\nitIsprepared.\n4 Yehave lookedhacktoformer generations:S&yana explainsyugtfnidiffe-\nrently: c(fav —ourus)asyouhave favouredformer couples [i e, sacrificesand\ntheirwives].’ Wilson.\nTheman ; the instituteofthesacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 713,
            "content": ":\nItlMN 71] RIGfEDA. n\n7 This is the thought, this is the song, 0 Asvins ; accept this\nhymn of ours, ye Steers, withfavour.\nMay these our prayers addressed to you come nigh you.\nPreserve us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LXXI.\nAsvins.\nThe Night retireth from the Dawn her Sister the Dark one\n;\nyieldeth to the Red her pathway.\nLet us invoke yourich in steeds and cattle by day and night\n:\nkeep farfrom us the arrow.\n2 Bearing rich treasure in your car, 0 Asvins, come to the\nmortal who presents oblation.\n^\nKeep at a distance penury and sickness Lovers of Sweetness,\n;\nday and night preserve us.\n3 May your strong horses, seeking bliss, bring hither your\nchariotat the earliest flush of morning.\nWith coursers yoked by Law drive hither, Asvins, your car\nwhose reins are light, laden with treasure. *\n4 The chariot, Princes, that conveys you, moving at daylight,\ntriple-seated, fraught with riches,\nEven with this come unto us, Nasatyas, that laden with all\nfood it may approach us.\n5 Ye freed Chyavana frorg old age and weakness ye brought\nthe courser fleet of foot to Pedu. :\nYe rescued Atri from distress and darkness, and loosed for\nJahusha the bonds that bound him.\n6 This is the thought, this is the song, 0 Asvins : accept this\nhymn of ours, ye Steers, with favour.\nMay these our prayers addressed to you come nigh you.\nPreserve us.evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nLXXII. Asvins.\nCome, 0 N&satyas, on your car resplendent, rich in abundant\nwealth of kine and horses.\nAs harnessed steeds, all our laudations follow you whose forms\nshine with most delightful beauty.\n2 Gome with theGods associate, come yehither to us, N&satyas,\nwith your car accordant.\n5Twixt you and us there is ancestral friendship and common\nkin : remember and regard it.\n1 The Med the Sun. Thearrow:ofdiseaseanddeath.\n3 Seeking bliss: formen.\n5 For Chyctv&na,Pedu, Atri, and Jdhusha, see Vol. I. Index. There-ap-\npearance, heralded by the Asvinsor Godsof Twilight, of the departed Sun\nappearstobesymbolizedinalltheselegends."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 714,
            "content": "n THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VII\n3 Awakened are the songs that praise the Asvins, the kindred\nprayersand the Celestial Mornings.\nJnviting those we long for, Earth and Heaven, the singer\ncalleth these Nasatyashither.\n4 What time the Dawns break forth in light, 0 Asvins, to you\nthe poets offer their devotions.\nGod Savitar hath sentalofthis splendour, andfiressingpraises\nwith the kindled fuel.\n5 Come from the west, come from the east, N&satyas, come, As-\nvins, from below and from above us.\nBring wealth from all sides for theFivefold People. Preserve\nus everlnore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nLXXIII. Asvins.\nWje have o’erpassed the limit of this darkness while, worship-\nping the Gods, we sang their praises.\nThe song invoketh both Immortal Asvins, far-reaching, born\n*• of old, great Wonder-Workers.\n2 And, 0 Nasatyas, man’s dear Priest is seated, who brings to\nsacrifice and offers worship.\nBe near and taste the pleasant juice, 0 Asvins with food,\n:\nI call you to the sacrifices.\n3 We choosing you, have let our worship follow its course ye\nSteers, accept this hymn with favour. :\nObeying you as your appointed servant, Vasishtha singing\nhath with lauds aroused you.\n4 And these Two Priests come nigh unto our people, united,\ndemon-slayers, mighty-handed.\nThe juices that exhilarate are mingled. Injure us not, but\ncome with happy fortune.\n5 Come from the west, come from the east, Nasatyas, come, As-\nvins, from below and from above us.\nBring wealth from all sides for the Fivefold People. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LXXiV.\nAsvins.\nThese morning sacrifices call you. Asvins, atthe break of day.\nFor help have I invoked you rich in power and might : for,\nhouse by house, ye visit all.\n5 TheFivefoldPeople: thefiveAryan*tribes. SeeI. 7. 9.\n1 The firsthalf-linehasoccurredbeforein I. 92. 6, and 183. 6.\n2 Man's dearPriest: Agni.\n.4 These TwoPriests: theAsvins. Hemon-slaye^'S: slayersof RAkshasaaand\nevilspirits ofthenightwhich disappearatthecoining ofthe heraldsof day."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 715,
            "content": "—\nHYMN THE MGVEDA.\n75.] 73\n2 0 Heroes, ye bestow wonderful nourishment : send it to him\nwhose songs are sweet.\nAccordant, both of you, drive your car down to us, and drink\nthe savoury Soma juice.\n3 Approach ye and be near to us drink, 0 ye Asvins, of the\n:\nmeath.\nDraw forth the milk, ye Mighty, rich in genuine wealth in-\n:\njure us not, and come to us.\n4 The horses that convey you in their rapid flight down to the\nworshipper’s abode,\nWith these your speedy coursers, Heroes, Asyjns, come, ye\nGods, come well-inclined to us.\n5 Yea, verily, our princes seek the Asvins in pursuit of food.\nThese shall give lasting glory to our.liberal lords, and, both\nNasatyas, shelter us.\n6 Those who have led the way, like cars, offending none, thos^\nwho are guardians of the men\nAlso through their own might the heroes have grown strong,\nand dwell in safe and happy homes.\nHYMN LXXV. Dawn.\nBorn in the heavens the Dawn hath flushed, and showing her\nmajesty is come as Law ordaineth.\nShe hath uncovered fiends and hateful darkness best of\nAngirases, hath waked the pathways. ;\n2 Rouse usthisdaytohighand happyfortune : to great felicity,\n0 Dawn, promote us.\nVouchsafe us manifold and splendid riches,famed among mor-\ntals, man-befriending Goddess i\n3 See, lovely Morning’s everlasting splendours, brightwiththeir\nvaried^colours, have approached us.\nFilling tfie region of mid-air, producing the rites of holy wor-\nship, they have mounted.\n4 She yokes her chariot far away, and swiftly visits the lands\nwhere the Five Tidbes are settled,\nLooking upon the works and ways of mortals, Daughter of\nHeaven, the world’s Imperial Lady.\n3 Drawforththemilk: milkthesweetrainfromthefirmament.\n6 Who haveledthe way, like cars; wealthy nobles or princes, ‘theheroes*of\nthesecondline.\nAn, g1 irB ae ss et s.of A Wn ag kir ea dse ts he: pae tn hd wo aw ye sd :w li it gh htt eh de tn hob el mes ft orc mha er nac tte ori us st e.icsof theholy"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 716,
            "content": "::\n/\n74 THE HYMNS OP [JWOK VIZ\n5 She who is rich in spoil, the Spouse of Surya, wondrously\nopulent, rules all wealth and treasures.\nConsumer of our youth, theseersextol her ; lauded bypriests\nrich Dawn shines out refulgent.\n6 Apparent are the steeds of varied colour, the red steeds car-\nrying resplendent Morning.\nOn her all-lovely car she comes, the Fair One, and brings rich\ntreasure for her faithful servant.\n7 True with the True and Mighty with the Mighty, with Gods\na Goddess, Holy with the Holy,\nShe brake^strong fences down and gave the cattle : the kine\nwere lowing as they greeted Morning.\n8 0 Dawn, now give us wealth in kine and heroes, and horses,\nfraught with manifold enjoyment.\nProtect our sacred grass from man’s reproaches. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nf\nHYMN LXXVI. Dato.\nSavitar God of all men hath sent upward his light, designed\nfor all mankind, immortal.\nThrough the Gods’ power that Eye was first created. Dawn\nhath made all the universe apparent.\n2 I see the paths which Godsarewont totravel, innocuouspaths\nmade ready by the Vasus,\nEastward the flag of Dawn hath been uplifted; she hath come\nhither o’er the tops of houses.\n3 Great is, in truth, the number of the Mornings which were\naforetime at the Sun’s uprising,\nSince thou, 0 Dawn, hastbeen beheldrepairingas to thy love,\nas one no more to leave him.\n•\n£ They were the Gods’ companions at the banquet,#the ancient\nsages true to Law Eternal.\nThe Fathers found the light that lay in darkness, and with\neffectual words begat the Morning.\n7 Gavethecattle restored the raysof light thathad beeu imprisonedby\nthedemons ofdarkness.\n3 .is tothylove to theSun, whoissometimes calledtheloverandsome-\ntimesthehusband ofUshasorDawn.\n4 TheFathers;theancestorsoftheKishisinthespirit-worldareassociated\nwith the Godsas companions, friends,’and assistants, SeeM. Muller,India,\nWhatcanitTeachusf pp. 223, 224."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 717,
            "content": "HYMN 77.] THE ElGYEHA. 75\n5 Meeting together in the sameenclosure, they strivenot, of one\nmind, one with another.\nThey never break the Gods’ eternal statutes, and injure none,\nin rivalry with Yasus.\n6 Extollingthee, Blest Goddess, the Vasishthas, awake at early\nmorn, with lauds implore thee.\nLeader of kine and Queenof all thatstrengthens, shine, come\nas first to us, 0 high-born Morning.\n7 She bringeth bounty and sweet charm of voices. The flush-\ning Dawn is sung by the Vasishthas,\nGiving us riches famed to distant places. Preserve us ever-\nmore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LXXVII, Dawn.\nShe hath shone brightly like a youthful woman, stirring to\nmotion every living creature.\nAgni hath come to feed on mortals’ fuel. She hath made\nlight and chased away the darkness. ^\n2 Turned to this All, far-spreading, she hath risen and shone in\nbrightness with white robesabout her.\nShe hath beamed forth lovely with golden colours, Mother of\nkine, Guide of the days she bringeth.\n3 Bearing the Gods’ own Eye, auspicious Lady, leading her\nCourser white and fair to look on,\nDistinguished by her beams Dawn shines apparent, come\nforth to all the world with wondi'ous treasure.\n4 Draw nigh with wealth and dawn away the foeman prepare\n:\nfor us wide pasture free from danger.\nDrive away those who hate us, bring us riches pourbounty,\n:\nopulent Lady, on the singer.\n5 Send thy most excellent beams to shine and light us, giving\nus lengthened days, 0 Dawn, 0 Goddess,\nGranting**us food, thou who hast all things precious, and\nbounty rich in chariots, kine, and horses.\n6 0 Ushas, nobly-born, Daughter of Heaven, whom the Vasish-\nthas with their hymns make mighty,\nBestow thou on us vast and glorious riches. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n6 In the same enclosure: thevast aerial hallinwhich the Gods assemble.\n1 Agni hath—come to feedon mortals’ fuel; (Agniis tobekindled for the\ngoodof men.’ Wilson.\n2 Kine : rays of light.\n3 The Gods' ownEye andDawn’s white Coursearethe Sun,\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 718,
            "content": ":\n76 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIL\nHYMN LXXVIIL Dawn.\nWk\nhave beheld her earliest lights approaching her\nmany'\"-^\n:\nglories part, on high, asunder.\nOn car sublime, refulgent, wendinghither, 0 Ushas, bringthe\nwealth that makes us happy.\n2 The fire well-kindled sings aloud to greet her, and with their\n.\nhymns the priests are chanting welcome.\nUshas approachesin her splendour, driving all evil darkness\nfar away, the Goddess.\n3 Apparent eastward are those lights of Morning, sending out\nlustre,Sts they rise, aroundthem.\nShe hath brought forth Sun, sacrifice, and Agni, and far away\nhath fled detested darkness.\n4 Rich Daughter of the Sky, we all behold her,,yea, all men\nlook on Dawn as she is breaking.\nr Her car that moves self-harnessed hath she mounted, the car\ndrawn onward by herwell-yoked horses.\n5 Inspired with loving thoughts this day to greet thee, we and\nour wealthy nobles have awakened.\nShow yourselves fruitful, Dawns, as ye are rising. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LXXCX. Dawn,\nRousingthe lands where men’s Five Tribes are settled, Dawn\nhath disclosed the pathways of the people.\nShe hath sent out her sheen with beauteous oxen. The Sun\nwith light hath opened earth and heaven.\n2 They paint their bright rays on the sky\"s far limits\n:\nthe\nDawns come on like tribes arrayed for battle.\nThy cattle, closelyshuttingupthe darkness, asSawitar spreads\nhis arms, give forth their lustre.\n3 Wealthy, most like to Indra, Dawn bath risen, and brought\nforth lauds that shall promote our welfare.\nDaughter of Heaveu, a Goddess, she distributes, best of Angi-\nrases, treasures to the pious.\n1 Five Tribes: of Aryans. Pathways pathi/fl here has apparently the\nsamemeaningasinVIL 75. 1. Butacco: rdingtothePadatext and S&yana\nitis an adjectiveagreeingwith Ushah (Dawn), andsignifyingbeneficial.\n2 TheyTtheDawns. Farbattle suppliedbySayuna.\n3 BestofAnyirases: see VIL 75. 1,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 719,
            "content": "J\n: : ;\nHYMN 81 THE RIQYEDA. 11\n4 Bestow on us, 0 Dawn, that ample bounty which thou didst\nsend to those whosang thy praises\nThou whom with bellowings of a bull they quickened thou\n:\ndidst unbar the firm-set mountain’s portals.\n5 Impelling every God to grant his bounty, sending to us the\ncharm of pleasant voices,\nYouchsafe us thoughts, for profit, as thou breakest. Preserve\nus evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LXXX.\nDawn.\nThe priests, Vasishthas, are the first awakened to welcome\nUshas with their songs and praises,\nWho makes surrounding regions pari asunder, and shows ap-\nparent all existing creatures.\n2 Giving fresh life when she hath hid the darkness, this Dawn\nhath wakened there with new-born lustre.\nYouthful and unrestrained she cometh forward she hath#\n:\nturned thoughts to Sun and fire and worship.\n3 May blessed Mornings shine on us for ever, with wealth of\nkine, of horses, and of heroes,\nStreaming with all abundance, pouring fatness. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHJMN LXXXL\nDawn.\nAdvancing, sending forth her rays, the Daughter of the Sky\nis seen.\nUncovering, that we may see, the mighty gloom, the friendly\nLady makes the light.\n2 The Sun ascending, the refulgent Star, pours down hisbeams\ntogether with the Dawn.\n0 Dawn, at tAaiue arising, and the Sun’s, may we attainthe\nshare allotted us.\n3 Promptly we woke to welcome thee, 0 Ushas, Daughter of\nthe Sky,\nThee, Bounteous One, wrho bringest all we long to have, and to\nthe offerer health and wealth.\n4 Thesecond line is translatedbyProf. Wilson ; *thouwhom(thyworship-\npers) welcomed withclamour(loudas the bellowing) of abull.’\nEortate thedoors of the mountain or cloud in which thecowsor rays 'of\nlight were imprisoned. Ushas isby implication entreatedtoopenthesedoora\nnow forthesinger of the hymn.\n2 Shehathturnedthoughts or, with S&yana, ‘she hath made manifest\nsacrifice, Sun, andAgni.’ Of. VTI. 78. 8.\n5 Tills stanzaisrepeatedfromVII. 41, 7,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 720,
            "content": ":\n78 THE HYMNS OF hOOKVTl.\n[\n4 Thou, dawning, workest fain to light the great world, yea,\nWehea yv ee an r, nG to od bd ees ts hi! nt eh oa wt ni ,t m Da eay leb re os feen W.\nealth may we be to\n:\nthisMother like her sons.\n5 Bring us that wondrous bounty, Dawn, that shall be famed\nmost far away.\nWhat, Child of Heaven, thou bast of nourishment for man,\nbestow thou on us to enjoy.\n6 Give to ourprinces opulence and immortal fame, and strength\nin herds of kine to us.\nMay she who prompts the wealthy. Lady of sweetstrains, may\nUshas Sawn our foes away.\nHYMN LXXXir. Indra-Yaruna.\nGbantus your strong protection, Indra-Yaruna, our people,\nand our family, for sacrifice,\n^ May we subdue in fight our evil-hearted foes, himwho attacks\nthe man stedfast inlengthened rites.\n2 0 Indra-Yaruna, mighty and very rich ! One of you is called\nMonarch and One Autocrat.\nAll Gods in the most lofty region of the air have, 0 ye Steers,\ncombined all power and might in you.\n3 Ye with yourstrengthhavepiercecfthefountains of thefloods:\nthe Sun have ye brought forward as the Lord in heaven.\nCheered by thismagicdraughtye, Indra-Yaruna, madethedry\nplaces stream, made songs of praise flow forth.\n4 In battles and in frays we ministering priests, kneeling upon\nour knees for furtherance of our weal,\nInvokeyou, onlyyou, theLords of twofold wealth, youprompt\nto hear, we bards, 0 Indra-Yaruna.\n5 0 Indra-Yaruna, as ye created all these creatures ofthe world\nby your surpassing might,\nIn peace and quiet Mitra waitson Yaruna, the Other, awful,\nwith the Maruts seeks renown.\n6 Ladyof meet strains: stinritdvati —according to Sftyana, espeaker of\ntruth.’ ‘Possessingallthatisexcellent.’ Ludwig.\n2 Oneof you: Yarunaiscalled sarnrdjoruniversal ruler (thoroughly re-\nsplendent,according to SfLyana), and Indra svarc^j, independent ruler, or,\naccording to S&yana, self-resplendent.\n4 Twofoldwealth: celestialand terrestrial.\n5 Waitson Varuna: and so acknowledges his supremacy. The Other:-\nIndra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 721,
            "content": ":\nHYMN THE RIQVEDA.\n83.] 79\n6 That Yaruna’s high worthmay shine preeminent, these Twain\nhave measured each his proper power and might.\nThe One subdueth the destructive enemy; the Other with a\nfew furthereth many a man.\n7 No trouble, no misfortune, Indra-Yaruna, no woe from any\nside assails the mortal man\nWhose sacrifice, 0 Gods, ye visit and enjoy ne’er doth the\n:\ncrafty guile of mortal injure him.\n8 With your divine protection, Heroes, come to us mineinvo-\n:\n10 cation hear, if ye be pleased therewith.\nBestow ye upon us, 0 Indra-Yaruna, yourfriendship and your\nkinship and your favouring grace.\n9 In battle after battle, Indra-Yaruna, be ye our Champions, ye\nwho are the peoples’ strength,\nWhen both opposing bands invoke you for the fight, and men\nthat they may gain offspringand progeny.\nMay Indra, Yaruna, Mitra, and Aryaman vouchsafe us glory\nand great shelter spreading far. '\nWe think of the beneficent lightof Aditi, and Savitar’s song\nof praise, the God who strengthens Law.\nHYMN LXXXIIL\nIndra-Yaruna.\nLooking to you and your alliance, 0 ye Men, armed with\nbroad axes they wentforward, fain for spoil.\nYe smote and slew his Dasaand hisAryanenemies, and helped\nSud4s with favour, Indra-Yaruna.\n2 Where heroes come together with their banners raised, in the\nencounter where is naught for us to love,\nWhere all things that behold the light are terrified, there did\nye comfort us, 0 Indra-Yaruna.\n3 The boundary of earth were seen all dark with dust\n0 Indra-Yaruna, the shout went up to heaven.\nThe enmities of the people compassed me about. Ye heard\nmy calling and ye came to me with help.\n6 The One: Yaruna.\nIndraandYarunaarepraisedbytheVasishthas,thefamilypriestsofSudds,\nKingof theTritsus, forhavinggivenhimthevictoryoverthetenconfederate\nKings. SeeVII. 33. 3.\n1 0 yeMen: or Heroes; —Indra and Yaruna. Armed with \"broad axes:\nearmed with large sickles/ Wilson. Ludwig maintains that the former\nmeaningis perfectlyimpossible, and argues that prithujodrsavak must mean\n*thePrithusandthe Parsus/\n2 Whereisnaughtfor us to love: Prof. Grassmann, whomProf.Peterson\nfollows, explains differently: *whereallthatisdearis atstake/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 722,
            "content": "80 THE HYMNS OF (BOOH VJI.\n1 With your resistless weapons, Indra-Varuria, ye conquered\nBheda and ye gave Sud&s your aid.\nYe heard the prayers ofthese amid the cries ofwar effectual\n:\nwas the service of the Tritsus' priest.\n5 0 Indra-Varuna, the wickedness offoes and mine assailants'\nhatred sorely trouble me.\nYe Twain are Lords of riches both of earth and heaven so\n:\ngrant to us your aid on the decisive day.\n6 The men of both the hosts invoked you in the fight, Indra\nand Varuna, that they might win the wealth,\nWhat timeye helped Sudas, with all the Tritsu folk, when the\nTen Kings had pressed him down in their attack.\n7 Ten Kings who worshipped not, 0 Indra-Varuna, confederate,\nin warprevailed noto’er Sud&s.\nTrue was the boast ofheroes sitting at the feast so at their\n:\ninvocations Gods were on theirside.\nr 8 0 Indra-Varuna, ye gave Sudas your aid when the Ten Kings\nin battle compassed him about,\nThere where the white-robed Tritsus with their braided hair,\nskilledinsongworshippedyou with homage and with hymn.\n9 One ofyou Twain destroys the Vritras in the fight, the Other\nevermore maintains his holy Laws.\nWe call on you, ye Mighty, with Aur hymns of praise. Youch-\nsafe us your protection, Indra-Yaruna.\n10 May Indra, Yaruna, Mitra, and Aryaman vouchsafe us glory\nand great shelter spreading far.\nWe think of the beneficent light of Aditi, and Savitar's song\nofpraise, the God who strengthens Law.\nHYMN LXXXIV. Indra-Varuna.\nKings, Indra-Yaruna, I would turn you Either to this our\nsacrifice with gifts and homage.\nHeld in both arms the ladle, dropping fatness, goes ofitself\nto you whose forms are varied.\n2 Dyaus quickens and promotes your high dominion who bind\nwith bonds not wrought ofrope or cordage.\nFar from us still be Varuna's displeasure : may Indra giveus\nspaciousroom to dwell in.\n4 Bheda; see VII. 18. 19.\n5 Bothof earthandheaven: or, perhaps,belongingtobothsides.\n8 Withtheirbraidedhair: see VII. 33. 1.\n10 Thisstanzais repeated fromtheprecedinghymn.\n2 Dyam: cf. VI. 62. 9. Not wrought of rope: moral and figurative, no\nmaterial."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 723,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN 85.] TEE DIGVEDA. 81\n3 Make ye our sacrifice fair amid the assemblies make ye our\nprayers approved among our princes. :\nMay God-sent riches come for our possession furtherye us\nwith your delightful succours. : \"\n4 0 Indra-Varuna, vouchsafe us riches with store of treasure,\nfood, and^every blessing;\nFor the Aditya, bauiaher of falsehood, the Hero, dealeth\n3\nwealth in boundless plenty.\n5 May this my song reach Varuna and Tndra, and, strongly\nurging, win me sons and offspring.\nTo the Gods’ banquet may we go with riches. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings. *\nHYMN LXXXY.\nIndra-Yaruna.\nFor you I deck a harmless hymn, presenting the Soma juice\nto Vartma and Indra\nA hymn that shines like heavenly Dawn with fatness. May\nthey be nearus on the march and guard us. ^\nHere where the arrows fall amidthebannersbothhostsinvoke\nthe Gods in emulation.\n0 Indra-Varuna, smite back thoseourfoernen,yea, smite them\nwith your shaft to every quarter.\n3 Self-lucid ip their seats^e’en heavenly Waters endowed with\nGodhead Varuna and Indra.\nOne of these holds the folk distinct and sundered, the Other\nsmites and slays resistless foemen.\n4 Wise be the priest and skilled in Law Eternal, who with his\nsacred gifts and adoration\nBrings you to aid us with your might, Adityas : let him have\nviands to promote his w elfare.\n5 May this my song reach Varuna and Indra, and, strongly\nurging, win me sons and offspring.\nTo the Gods’ banquet may we go with riches. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with, blessings.\n4 TheAcUtya, Varuna.\n% Onthemarch: theRishipraysforaidinan expectedbattle.\n3 With Godhead libationsof Somajuice, with which water is mingled,\nsupporttheGods in—theirseveral stations: somendpydyitd hi devatdh sve sve\nst'hdne*vatishthante. Sftyana. Distinctand sundered: differentlytreated,re-\nwarded or punished in—accordance with their deserts. ‘Theother sustain*\nthe separate c—reatures.1 Muir. *Theoneprotectsthetribes whicharescat-\nteredabroad.1 Qrassmann.\n4 Wise be thepriest: or, wise must the priest be, skilled, etc. Be: the\ninstitutorof sacrifice. Viands: sacrificial foodtobe offeredtothe Gods.\n6."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 724,
            "content": ": : : ;\n82 TUB HYMNS OH [BOOK V1L\nHYMN LXXXVI. Varuna.\nWise, verily, are creatures through his greatness who stayed\neven spacious heaven and earth asunder\nf Who urged the high and mighty sky to motion, the Star of\nold, and spread the earth before him.\n2 With mine own heart I commune on the questionhowVaruna\nand I may be united.\nWb#t gift of mine will he accept unangered ? When may I\ncalmly look and find him gracious?\n3 Fain to know this my sin I question others : Iseek the wise,\n0 Yaruna, and ask them.\nThis one same answer even the sages gave me, Surely this\nYaruna is angry with thee.\n4 What, Varunn, hath been my chief transgression, that thou\nwouldst slay the friend who sings fchy praises?\nTell n£e, Unconquerable Lord, and quickly sinless will I ap-\nproach thee with mine homage.\n5 Free us from sins committed by ourfathers, fromthosewhere-\nin we have ourselves offended.\n0 King, loose, like a thief who feeds the cattle, as -from the\ncord a calf, set free Vasishtha.\n6 Not ouv own will betrayed us, but Seduction, thoughtlessness,\nYaruna wine, dice, or anger.\nI\nTheoldisneartoleadastraytheyounger: evensleepremoveth\nnot all evil-doing.\n7 Slavelike may I do service to the Bounteous, serve, free from\nsin, the God inclined to anger.\nThis gentle Lord gives wisdom to the simple the wiser God\n:\nleads on the wise to riches.\n8 0 Lord, 0 Yaruna, may this laudation come close to thee and\nlie within thy spirit.\nMay it be well with us in rest and labour. Preserve us ever-\nmore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n1 TheStar theSun.\n5 Likea thiefwhofeeds thecattle whohapperformedpenanceforhistheft,\nand, atthecompletionofthe—service,offeredfodderto thestolenanimal: ‘who\nhasfeastedonstolen cattle.’ M. Muller. Butsee Pischel, VedischeStudien.\nI. p. 106.\n6 Seduction: or,asStyanaexplains, ‘thesettledcourseoffate.’\nTheoldisnear {Thestronger perverts the wea—1<er.’—Muir. ‘Thereisa\nsenior[God]in theproximityof thejunior[man].’ ’Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 725,
            "content": "—\nJ\n: : : :\nHYMH THE RIGVEDA.\n87\nHYMN LXXXVII. Varuna.\nVartoa cutapathway out forSurya,and led the wateryfloods\nof rivers onward.\nThe Mares, as in a race, speed on in order. He made great\nchannels for the days to follow.\n2 The wind, thy breath, hath sounded through the region like\na wild beast that seeks his food in pastures.\nWithin these two, exalted Earth and Heaven, 0 Varuna, ar£\nall the forms thou lovest.\n3 Yanina’s spies, sent forth upon their errand, survey the two\nworld-halves well formed and fashioned.\nWise are they, holy, skilled in sacrifices, the furt4 herers of the\npraise-songs of the prudent.\n4 To me who understand hath Varuna spoken, the names borne\nby the Cow are three times seven.\nThe sapient God, knowing the place’s secret, shall speak as\n’twere to teach the race that cometh.\n5 On him three heavens rest and are supported, and the three\nearths are there in sixfold order.\nThe wise King Varuna. hathmadeinheaventhatGoldenSwing\nto cover it with glory.\n6 Like •Varuna from heaven he sinks in Sindh u, like a white-\nshining spark, a strong wild creature.\nBuling in depths and meting out the region, great saving\npower hath he, this,world’s Controller.\n1 TheMarts: theswiftrivers. Thehalf-line 5s difficult. *T »' * : \" .\nhistask) asahorse let—loo^erushesto(aHock of) mares, he i *r\nnightsfrom thedays.’ Wilson. 1Likeatroop(of h—orses)letloose,following\nthe mares,hehas madegreatchannelsfortheclays.’ Muir.\n3 Varuna7sspies: theotherAdityas, or perhaps the Fathers.\n4 The Cow accordingtoSftyana, V&k or Speech in the form of a cow\nhavingtwenty-one metresattached toher breast,throat, andhead,orholding\nthe names oftwenty-onekindsofsacrifice. Aditimaybeintended, orPrism\nwiththethriee-seven Marufcs.\nThesapientGod: ‘Thewisegod,thoughheknowsthem, has not revealed\nthemysteriesof(her)place,whichhedesirestogranttoafuturegeneration.’\nMuir. According to Sfiyana, ndinthislineisnot negative.\n5 Forthethreeheavensand threeearthsseeVol.I.,Index, Insixfohlorder\nperhaps referringtothe heavensandearths,orelsethethree earthsarbitrarily\ndoubled. *Thethreeearthswith their six seasons.’—Wilson. That Golden .\nSwing theSun.\n6 He: the Sun. Sindhn: or the sea. Ruling in depths: referring to\nVarunawhose dominion, followingthesettingsun, reaches to the depths of\ntheocean. Meting out the region or, who measured out the firmament.\nS&yana’sinterpretation of this stanza is different; ‘(Radiant) as the sun,\nVaruna placed theocean(initsbed), whiteas adrop (of water), vigorous as\nan antelope, object of profound praise, distributor of wa —ter, the powerful\ntransporterbeyondsin, therulerof thisexisting(world).’ Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 726,
            "content": "::\nu TWS HYMNS OF [BOOH vir,\n—\n!J Before this Varuna may we be sinless him who shows mercy\neven to the sinner—\nWhile we are keeping Acliti’s ordinances. Preserve us ever-\nmore. ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LXXXVIJJ, Varon*\nPresent to Yaruna thine hymn, Vasishtha, bright, most der\n* lightful to the Bounteous Giver,\nWho bringeth on to us the Bull, the lofty, the Holy, laden\nwith a thousand treasures.\n2 And now, as J am comebefore his presence, I take the face of\nVaruna'for Agni —A\n— m\nSo might hebring Lord also of the darkness the light\nheaven that I may see itsbeauty 1\n3 When Yaruna and I embark together and urge ourboat into\nthe midstof ocean,\nWe, when weride o*erridges of the waters, will swing within\nthat swing and there be happy.\n4 Varuna placed Vasishtha in the vessel, and deftly with his\nmight made him a Rishi.\nWhen days shone bright the Sage made him a singer, while\nthe heavens broadened and the Dawns were lengthened.\n5 What hath become of those our ancient friendships, whei*\nwithout enmity we walked together 1\nI, Yaruna, thou glorious Lord, have entered thy lofty home ?\nthine house with thousand portals.\n6 if he, thy true ally, hath signed against thee, still, Yaruna,\nhe is the friend thou lovedst.\nLet us not, Living One, as sinners, know t^ee give shelter,\n:\nas a Sage, to him who lauds thee,\n7 Aditi'sordmancet: accordingtoS&yana,Adifdbore means UheMighty,’\nthatis, Yaruna.\n1 TheBull theSun,\n2 ForAgni'& thatis, itappearstonjetobeflamingwithanger.\n3 4Thekernelof thehyninliesinverses 3 to 6. The singer believesthat\nh ce omh ma us nb ie oe nnf wo ir ts hak te hn eb Gy odhi is nh fe ol rpe mr erYa tir pu ;en sa .} w Ii nt ah va in sg iu oi ns hh eh see esr he im me sm elb fer ts rimh si -:s\n3a.tei.intoYaruna’srealm, hegoessailingwith the God,is called to be Ilishi\norh'olysingerto theGod, andisinhispalacewith him. Nfow, Yaruna has\nwithdrawnhisfavour,yetlet himhave mercyonhissinger, and not punish\nhim F* r , \\ \" hissin. Thehymn perhaps originallyclosed withverse\n’ \" note in the Skbenziy IAeder, translated by Prof,\nPeterson. $utseejnilebrandt, KaninaundMkra, pp. 25,2§."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 727,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN ad.J TEfJ RtGYEEL\n7 While we abide in these fixed habitations, and frotn the lap of\nAditi win favour,\nMay Varuna untie the bond that binds us. Preserve usever-\nmore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN LXXllX. Varuna.\nLet me not yet, iting Varuna, enter into the house of clay :\nHave mercy, spare me, Mighty Lord.\n2 When, Thunderer ! I move along tremulous like a wind-blown\nskin,\nHave merey, spare me, Mighty Lord-.\n3 0 Bright and Powerful God, throughwantof strength I erred\nand went astray\n:\nHave mercy, spare me* Mighty Lord.\n4 Thirst found thy worshipper though he stood in the midst of\nwater-floods\nHave mercy, spare me, Mighty Lord. *\ni> 0 Varuna, whatever the offence mayhewhich we asmen com-\nmit against the heavenly host,\nWhen through our want of thought we violate thy laws,\npunish us not, 0 God, for that iniquity,\n\"HYMN XG. vayu.\nToyoupurejuices,richin meath,are offeredbyprieststhrough\nlonging for the Pair of Heroes.\nDrive, Vayu, bring thine harnessed horse3 hither: drink the\npressed Soma till it make thee joyful.\n7 Aditi: heresaidtomeanfeartk\nThe hymn has been translated by Dr. Muir 0. S. Texts,V. 67,Prof. M.\nP-M eu tl el re sr o, nA ,n Ho y. mS nan ssh f. roL mit t, he54 J0 i, igt vh ede aa ,u pt .ho 2r 8s 7.of Sieben&igZieder, p.12ra,ndProf.\n1 Thehouseof clay: thegrave. Cf. Atharva-veda, Y. 30. 14.\n2 Thunderer: adrivah Casterof the Stone, a common epithet of Indra,\nhotnob suitableto Varun, a. Tremulous: S&yana adds mityenta, with cold;\na&d Prof. Wilson observes that‘the Varuna-'pdsa, akindof dropsy,seemsto\nbe referred to.1’ Of. Atharva-veda, IV. 16. 7-\n4 Thirst; avarice. In the midst of waterfoods: when surrounded by\nabundant wealth. Accordingtothe Commentator,theallusionisto Vasish-\ntha’ssea-voyage orperhaps theperpetual thirstof dropsymaybeintended,\nThelast threestanzasareaddressed toIndraandV&yuasadualDeity.\n% ThePairof Heroes IndraandY&yu."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 728,
            "content": "•\n-86 THEHYMNS OF [BOOK VII.\n2 Whoso to thee, the Mighty, brings oblation, pure Soma unto\n.\nthee, pure-drinking Vayu,\nThatman thou.makest famous among mortals ; to him strong\nsons are born in quick succession.\n3 The God whomboth these worlds brought forth forriches,\nwhom heavenly Dhishanafor our wealth appointeth,\n•\nHis team ofharnessed horseswaitson Vayu, and, foremost, on\nthe radiant Treasure-bearer.\n< 4 The spotless Dawns with fair bright days have, broken; they\nfound thespacious light when they were shining.\nEagerly they disclosed the stall of cattle: floods streamed for\nthem as in the days aforetime.\n,\n5 These with their truthful spirit, shining brightly, move on\nprovided with tUeir natural insight.\nViands attendthecarthat bearethHeroes,yourcar, ye Sovran\nPair, Indra and Vayu.\n.\nf6 May these who give us heavenly light, theserulers, withgifts\nof kine and horses, gold and treasures,\nThese princes, through full life, Indra and Vayu I overcome\nin battle with their steeds and heroes.\n7 Like coursers seeking fame will we Vasishthas, 0 Indra-Vayu,\nwith our fair laudations, ^\nExerting all our po- n- call youto aid us. Preserve us ever-\nmore, fe Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nXCI. vayu.\nWj&bb not, in sooth, the Gods aforetime blameless, whose\npleasure wasincreased by adoration1\nFor Vayuandfurman inhis affliction they ecrusedtheMorning\nto arise with Surya.\n. 3 TheGod: apparently, Indra. Dhishand: a Goddess of prosperity and\ngain. Theradiant Trea&ure-bearer; perhapsSoma.\n4 They found: the Angirases. ‘They are not named in the text, hut\ntS h& eya sn ta olr ee nfe cr as ttt lh ee ww eh ro ele rt eo sct uh ede ,m\n;\nanb dyt th he eir op br sa ti rs ue cto ef\nd\nV rd aiy nu st eh te ad ta lw in berb tyr .o ’k—e,\nWilson.\n5 These: theinstitntorsof sacrifice.\n6 Theserulersr, theseprinces,arethewealthynobleswhodefraytheexpenses\nandrewardthepriests.\nIndrais associated withVftyuin almosteverystanza.\n1 Tor Vfiyu: Itranslate the v&yave of the text, but it is evident that\nfcj&ve, forAyu,orthelivingone, should bereadinitsstead."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 729,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 92.] THE 2UGVEDA. 87\n2 Guardians infallible, eager as envoys, preserve us safe through\nmany months and autumns.\nAddressed to you, our fair praise, ludra-V&yu, imploresyour\nfavour and renewed well-being.\n3 Wise, bright, arranger ofhis teams, he seeketh men with rich\nfood whose treasures are abundant.\nThey Imve arranged them ofone mind with Vayu the men\n:\nhave wrought all noble operations.\n4 So far as native power and strength permit you, so far as men\nbehold whose oyes have vision,\nO ye pure-drinkers, drink with us pure Soma : sit on this\nsacred grass, Indra and Vayu. *\n5 Driving down teams that bear the lovely Heroes, hitherward,\nIndra-Vayu, come together.\nTo you this prime <>f savoury juice is offered : here loose your\nhorses and be friendly-minded.\n6 Your hundred and your thousand teams, 0 Indra and Vayir^\nall-munificent, which attend you,\nWith these most gracious-minded come ye hither, and drink,\n0 Heroes, ofthe meath we offer.\n7 Like coursers seeking fame will we Vasishthas, 0 Indra--Vfiyu,\nwith our fair laudations,\nExerting all our pow*br, .call you to aid us. Preserve ns\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nXCII. Vayu.\nO VAvu, drinker of the pure, be near us a thousand teams\n:\nare thine, All-bounteous Giver.\nTo thee the rapture-bringing juice is offered, whose first\ndraught, God, thou takest as thy portion.\n2 Prompt at the holy rites forth came the presser with Soma-\ndraughta for Indra and for Vayu,\nWhen ministering priests with strong devotionbring to you\nTwain the first taste ofthe Soma.\n3 The teams wherewith thou seekest him who offers, within his\nhome, 0 Vayu, to direct him,\nTherewith send wealth to us with full enjoyment, a hero son\nand gifts ofkine and horses.\n3 Heseeketh V&yu. Themeaningof thestanza isobscure.\n5 The lovelyHeroes IndraandV&yu,\n1 Drinkerof thepure orbright/Soma."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 730,
            "content": ": : :\n83 TUB HYMNS OF [BOOK VTL\n4 Near to the Gods and making Indra joyful, devout and offer-\ning precious gifts to V&yu,\nAllied with princes, smiting down the hostile, may we with\nheroes conquer foes in battle.\n5 With thy yoked teams in hundreds and in thousands come to\nour sacrifice and solemn worship.\nCome, Vayn, make thee glad at this libation. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nXCIII. Indra-Agni.\nSlaters ofenemies, Indra and Agni, accept this day ournew-\nborn pp,re laudation.\nAgain, again I call you prompt to listen, best to give quickly\nstrength to him who craves it.\n2 For ye were strong to gain, exceeding mighty, growing toge-\nther, waxing in your vigour.\nLords ofthe pasture filled with ample riches, bestow upon\nstrength both fresh and lasting.\n3 Yea when the strong have entered our assembly, and singers\nseeking withtheir hymns your favour,\nThey are like steeds who come into the race-course, those\nmen who call aloud on Indra-Agni.\n4 The siuger, seeking with his hyrasis your favour, begs spleu-\ndid riches oftheir first possessor.\nFurtherus with Dew bounties, Indra-Agni^ armed with strong\nthunder, slayers ofthe foeman.\n£ When two great hosts, arrayed against each other, meet\nclothed with brightness, in the fierce encounter\nStand ye beside the godly, smite the godless; and still assist\nthe men who press the Soma. *\n6 To this ourSoma^pressing, Indra-Agni, come ye prepared to\nshow your loving-kindness,\nFor not at any time have ye despised us. So may I draw\nyou with all strengthenings hither.\n7 So Agni, kindled mid this adoration, invite thou Mitra,\nYanina, and Indra.\n4 Allied the priests are the allies and moral supporters of the princes\ninwar.\n5 Inhundredsctndinthousands cf. I. 135. 3.\n3 Thestrong thenobleswhoinstitute sacrifices.\n4 Theirfirstpossessor: eachGod whoisinvoked.\n5 Great hosts: ihosts’ must be supplied. The feminine dual adjectives\nhavenosubstantiveinthetext."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 731,
            "content": ": :: '\njn 8tMN 01.3 THE EIQVEDA. 89\nForgivewhatever sin we have committed mayAryaman and\n*,\nAditi remove it.\nWhile we accelerate these our sacrifices, may we win strength\nfrom both ofyou, 0 Agni\n:\nNe’er maythe Maruts, Indra, Vishnuslight us. Preserveus\nevermore, ye Gods, with blesssugs.\nHYMN XC1V. Indra-Agni.\nAs rain from out the cloud, for you, Itidra and Agni, from\nmy soul\nThis noblest praise hath been produced.\n2 Do ye, 0 Indra-Agni, hear the singer’s call: accept his songs.\nYe Rulers, grant his heart’s desire.\n3 Give us not up to poverty, ye Heroes, Indra-Agni, nor\nTo slander and reproach of men.\n4 To Indra and to Agni we bring reverence, high and holy hymn,\nAnd, craving help, soft words with prayer. ^\n5 For all these holy singers here implore these Twaintosuccour\nthem,\nAnd priests that they may win them strength.\n6 Eagertolaudyou,wewithsongsinvokeyou,bearingsacredfood,\nt\nFain for success in sacrifice.\n7 Indra and Agui, come t# us with favour,ye whoconquermen :\nLet not the wicked master ns<\n8 At no time let the injurious blow of hostile mortalfallon us ;\n0 Indra-Agui, shelter us.\n9 Whatever wealth we crave of you, in gold, in cattle, or in\nsteeds,\nThat, Indra-Aojiii, let us gain*\n10 When heroes prompt in worship call Indra an cl Agni, Lord*\nof steeds,\nBeside the Soma juice effused.\n11 Call hither with the song and lauds those who best slay the\nfoemen, those\nWho take delight in hymns of praise.\n.\n7 AryamanandAditi: Mitra and others being understood,astheverbi»\nplural\n8 0Agni : thatis, IndraandAgni.\nI Asrain the hymn of praise is copiousinitsflow, and is doubly bene-\nf s ii o nc ui glal p, :, ag smr sda at n gi m ef ay oi n fn \"ag th ht ehe Sex dG p mo l ad a vs i ena den d ad h by: stotu. fa,.’ p-. r’ a-- i.r s* e.- r-? ~.\n~\n^t eh re ew ao n—r dsh li vi 4n .p tpe hr e. corF rr eso pm onm dy -\nII Gallhither I follow Prof. Ludwig in * ... u-i:.:. instead of\ndvivdsatak whichinvolvesaveryharshconstruction."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 732,
            "content": "::: :\n90 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VII\n12 Slay ye the 'wicked manwhose thought is evil, of the demon\nkind.\nSlay him who stays the waters, slay the Serpent with your\ndeadly dart,\nHYMN XCV.\nSarasvati.\nThis stream Sarasvati.with fostering current comes forth, our\nsure defence, our fort of iron.\nAs on a car, the flood flows on, surpassing in majesty and\nmight all other waters.\n2 Pure in her course from mountains to the ocean, alone of\nstreams Sarasvati hath listened.\nThinking of wealth and the great world of creatures, she\npoured for N&husha her milk and fatness.\n3 Friendly to man he grew among the women, a strong young\nSteer amid the Holy Ladies.\nPie gives the fleet steed to our wealthy princes, and decks\ne their bodies for success in battle.\n4 May this Sarasvati be pleased and listen at this our sacrifice,\nauspicious Lady,\nWhen we with reverence, on our knees, implore her close-knit\nto wealth, most kind to those she loveth,\n5 These offerings have ye made with adoration : saythis, Saras-\nvatt, and accept our praises;\nAud, placing us under thy dear protection, may we approach\nthee, as a tree, for shelter.\n6 For thee, 0 Blest Sarasvati, Yasishthahathhere unbarred the\ndoors of sacred Order.\nWax, Bright One, and give strength to him who l&uds thee.\nPreserve us ever jore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n12 Him who stays the waters: udadhim according to Sftyana, like an\nu did fa fd el rei nh t, lw yat ber y-h So &l yd ae nr ao ,rp ai stch ‘e or n. eT whe hoSer ep ne jn ot ys: d gb oh oo dgd tm h, i‘ nt gh sec to ai kle er n,’ fe rxp ol mai tn he ed\nworshippers,’\n1 Sarasvati Sindhu or Indus appears to be intended under thisname.\nSee VI. 61. 2, and VedicHymns, I. p. 60.\n2 Ndhusha accordingtothelegend, aKing whoprayed to Sarasvatiwho\ngavehimbutter and milk sufficientforthe thousand-year sacrificewhich he\nwasaboutto perform. The Nahushas, the people living onthebanksof the\nriver, areprobablyintended.\n3 Hegrexo Sarasvdn, the consortof Sarasvati.\n5 Theseofferings: thishalf-line is very obscure. Prof. Ludwigthinksthat\nthesewordsmaybesupposedtobe spoken by Sarasvati to herworshippers,\nbutlieisnot satisfied of the correctness of liis conjeotiu-e, *Presentingto\nthee, S these oblationswithreverence (maywereceivefromthee affluence}.’\n,\nWilson.\n’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 733,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN 97.] THE RTOVEHA. 91\nHYMN XCVL\nSarasvatl.\nI singalofty song, forsheis mightiest, most divineof Streams.\nSarasvatl will I exalt with hymns and lauds, and, 0 Yasishtba,\nHeaven and Earth.\n2 When in the fulness of their strength the Purus dwell, Beau-\nteous One, on thy two grassy banks,\nFavour us thou who hast the Maruts forthy friends : stir up\nthe bounty of our chiefs.\n3 So may Sarasvati auspicious sendgood luck; she, rich in spoil,\nis never niggardly in thought,\nWhen praised in Jamadagni’s way and lauded as Yasishtha\n*\nlauds.\n4 We call upon Sarasvan, as unmarried men who long for wives,\nAs liberal men who yearn for sons.\n5 Be thou our kind protector, 0 Sarasv&n, with those waves of\nthine\nLaden with sweets and dropping oil. n\n6 May we enjoy Sarasv&u’s breast, all-beautiful, that swells with\nstreams,\nMay we gain food and progeny.\nHYMN\nXCYII. Brihaspati\nWbbre Heaven and Ea#th combine in men’s assembly, and\nthose who love the Gods delight in worship,\nWhere the libations areeffused for Indra, may he come first\ntodrink and make him stronger.\n—\n2 We crave the heavenly grace of Gods to guard us so may\nBrihaspati, 0 friends, exalt us\nThat he, the Bounteous God, may find us sinless, who giveth\nfrom a distance like a father.\n1 HeavenandEarth: heavenasthehomeof the Goddess, and earthwhere\nsheflows as ariver.\n2 The Pdrus: an Aryan tribe settled on both hanks of the Sarasvati or\nIndus See Vol I., Index. Grassybanks: this, as von Roth has suggested,\nseems to be the meaning of dndhasi but the expression is difficult. See\nHil 3le Jbr aa mn ad dt, agV ne idisc ah ce eM ly et brh ao tl eo dyi ae n, cp i. en2 t54, I.\nlishi.\nIndra is the deity of stanza 1,Indra and Brnhmanaspatiarethedeitiesof\n3 and 9, Indraand Brihaspatiof 10,and therestof the hymn isaddres&ed to\nBrihaspati. Brihaspati and Brahmauaspati are one and the same God, the\nLordof Prayer. SeeI, 14. 3.\n1 WhereHeavenandEarthcombine: whereGodsandmenmeetattheplace\nof sacrifice. Andmakehim stronge—r Sftyana explains vdyasohadifferently:\n*(mayhis) swift (horses,approach).’ Wilson.\n2 Likeafather althoug—hheisfar awayhe givesus what we ask likea\nfather whoisnearathand. Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 734,
            "content": "; : ::\n92 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VlL\n3 That Brahmanaspati, most High and Gracious, I glorify with\nofferings and with homage.\nMay the great song of praise, divine, reach Indra who is the\nKing of prayer the Gods’ dreaticfri;\n4 May that Brihaspati who brings all blessings, most dearly\nloved, be seated by our altar.\nHeroes and wealth we crave may be bestow them, and bear\n;\nus safe beyond the men who vex us.\n5 To ns these Deathless Ones, erst born, have granted this laud\nofours which gives the Immortal pleasure.\nLet us invoke Brihaspati, the foeless, the clear-voiced God, the'\nHoly One ofhouseholds.\n6 Him, this Brihaspati* his red-hued horses, drawing together,\nfull of strength, bring hither.\nRobed in red colour like the cloud, they carry the Lord of\nMight whose friendship gives a dwelling.\n7 For he is pure, with hundred wings, refulgent, with sword of\ngold, impetuous* winning sunlight.\nSublime Brihaspati, easy of access, granteth his friends most\nbountiful refreshment.\n8 Both Heaven and Earth, divine, the Deity’s Parents, have\nmade Brihaspati increase in grandeur;\nGlorify him, 0 friends, who merits glory may he give prayer\n:\nfair way and easy passage.\n0 This, Brahmanaspati, is yoxlr laudation : prayer hath been\nmade to thunder-wielding Indra.\nFavour our songs, wake up our thought and spirit : destroy\nthe godless aud our foemen’a malice.\n10 Ye Twain are Lords of wealth ih earth afrd heaven, thou, 0\nBrihaspati, and thou, 0 Indra.\nMean though he be, give wealth to him who lauds you.\nPreserve us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings;\n3 The Gods' creation: devahriiasya inspired, or, literally, made, by the\nGods.\n5 Ourhymiisof praise whichare acceptable to the immortal God have\nbeengiventousbytheeverlastingdeitiesthemselves. S&yana’s explanation\nisdifferent; rmay theiirst-boniinimorfc—als (byhis command) bestow upondtf\nthefoodthatisnecessary forexistence.’ Wilson.\n6 Whosefriendshipgives adwelling I adopt,the interpretation givenbjr\nProfessorCowellinhisnote OnthepassageinWilson’stranslation.\n—\n7 Withhundredwirigs•: {bornebynumerousconveyances.’ Wilson.\n8 Ingrandeur or,bytheirmight,\n10 Mean or,poor."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 735,
            "content": ":\nffYMN 99.] THE RIGVEDA. 93\nHYMN XCVIIL\nlj)dra.\nPriests, offer to the Lord of all the people the milked-out\nstalk of iSoma, radiant-coloured.\nNo wild-bull knows his drillking-place like Indra who ever\nseeks him who hath pressed the Sqnpi.\n2 Thou dost desire to drink, each day that passes, the pleasant\nfood which thou hast had aforetime,\n0 Indra, gratified in heart and spirit, drink eagerly the Soma\nset before thee.\n8 Thou, newly-born, for strength didst drink the Soma the\n;\nMother told thee of thy future greatness.\n0 Indra, thou hast filled mid-air’s wide region, and given the\nGods by battle*room and freedom.\n4 When thou hast urged the arrogant to combat, proud in their\nstrength of arm, we will subdue them.\nOr, Indra, when thou tightest girt by heroes, we in the glori-\nous fray with thee will conquer,\n5 I will declare the earliest deeds of Indra, and recent acts\nwhich Maghavau hath accomplished.\nWhen he had conquered godless wiles and magic, Soma be-\ncame his own entire possession.\n,6 Thine is this world offlocks and herds around thee, which\nwith the eye ofSnrya thou beholdest,\nThou, Indra, art alone the Lord of cattle may we enjoy the\n:\ntreasure whioh thou givest.\n7 Ye Twain are Lords of wealth in eapth and heaven, thou, 0\nBrihaspati, and thou, 0 Indra.\nMean thoqgh he be, give wealth to him who laqds yoq.\nPreserve us eVermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\n’ HYMN XCIX. Yishm*,\nMen eome not nigh thymajesty whqgr-owest beyond allbound\nand measure with thy body.\nBoth thy two regions ofthe earth, 0 Yishnu, we know thou,\n;\nGod, knowest the highest alsp.\n1 Radiant-coloured; arundm, red, ruddy, here explained by the Com^\njnentatorasdrochanidnam, shining. —\n3 Thyfuturegreatness see IY. 18. 4, whereAdifci says: ‘No peer hath\nheamongthose born already, noramongthosewhoshall bebornhereafter.\n1 fworegionsof the earth; that is, the earth and the firmament. fThe\ntwo lowerregions are within therange ofourperception\n;\nthe third be —longs\nYishnu, whitherhe stepped withthe thirdof Ins ascending strides.’ Wallis,\nCosmology oftheRigveda^p, 11£,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 736,
            "content": ": :\nU THE HYMNS OH [HOOK YU.\n2 None who is bora or being born, God Vishnu, hath reached\nthe utmost limit ofthy grandeur.\nThe vast high vault of heaveu hast thou supported, and fixed\nearth’s eastern pinnacle- securely.\n3 Rich in sweet food be ye, and rich in milch-kin e, with fertile\npastures, fain to do men service.\nBoth these worlds, Vishnu, hast thou stayed asunder, and\nfirmly fixed the earth with pegs around it.\n4 Ye have made spacious room for sacrificing by generating\nSfirya, Dawn, and Agni.\n0 Heroes?ye have conquered in your battles even the bull-\njawed Dasa’s wiles and magic.\n2f> Ye have destroyed, then, Indra, and thou, Vishnu, Sambara’s\nuine-and-ninefcy fenced castles.\nYe Twain smote down a hundred times a thousand resistless\nheroes ofthe royal Varchin.\n6 This is the lofty hymn ofpraise, exalting the Lords ofMighty\nStride, the strong and lofty.\n1 laud you in the solemn synods, Vishnu pour ye food on us\n:\nin our camps, 0 Indra.\n7 0 Vishnu, unto thee my lips cry Vashat ! Let this mine offer-\ning, Sipivishta, please thee.\nMay these my songs of eulogy exalt thee. Preserve us ever-\nmore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nC. Vishnu.\nNe’er doth the man repent, who, seeking profit, bringeth bis\ngift to the far-striding Vishnu.\nHe who adoreth him with all his spirit winneth himself so\ngreat a benefactor.\nThou, Vishnu, constant in thy courses, gavest good-will to all\n' men, and a hymn that lasteth,\nThat thou mightst move us to abundant comfort of very\nsplendid wealth with store ofhorses.\n3 ThefirstlineappearstobeVishnu’s blessing onheav.en and earth when\nhepartedandsupportedthem.\n4 Bull-jawed orVrfehasipramaybethenameoftheDftsa.\n$ Royal Varchin: seeII. 14. 6.\n7 Vashat theexclamationused onmakinganoblation. Sipivishta: aname\n+fVishnuof uncertain etymology andmeaning. 1Invested withrays oflight,’\naccordingtoS&yana. See Muir, 0. S. Texts\n,\nIV. 87,88,note,\n2 A hymnthatlasteth* continuallyrecurring occasionto praise thee."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 737,
            "content": ": :\nIIYMN 101.] THE RIGVEDA. ' 95\n3 Threetimes strode forth this God iu all hisgrandeur over this\nearth bright with a hundred splendours.\nForemost be Vishnu, stronger than the strongest : for glorious\nis his name who lives for ever.\n4 Over this earth with mighty step strode Vishnu, ready to\ngive it for a home toMann.\nIn him the humble people trust for safety be, nobly born,\n:\nhath made them spacious dwellings.\n5 To-day I land this name, 0 Sipivishta, I, skilled in rules, the\nname of thee the Noble.\n.\nYea, I the poor and weak praise thee the Mighty -\\yho dwellesfc\nin the realm beyond this region.\n6 What was there to be blamed iu thee, 0 Vishnu, when thou\ndeclaredst, I am Sipivishta1?\nHide not this form from us, nor keep it secret, sincethoudidst\nwear another shape iu battle.\n7 0 Vishnu, unto thee my lips cry Vashat 1 Let this mine offer-\ning, Sipivishta, please thee.\nMay these my songs of eulogy exalt thee. Preserve us\nevermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN CI. Parjanya.\nSpeak forth three words-* the words which light precedeth,\nwhich milk this udder that produceth nectar.\nQuickly made manifest, the Bull hath bellowed, engendering\nthe germ of plants, the Infant.\n2 Giver ofgrowth to plants, the God who rulethover the waters\nand all movingcreatures,\nVouchsafe us triple shelter for our refuge, and threefold light\nto succour au4befriend us.\n3 This earth: meaning, saystheCommentator, earth,firmament,andheaven.\n6 This stanza is unintelligible. The Commentator on the corresponding\npassage of theSftmaveda says: ‘Vishnu formerly abandoninghis own form,\nandassuming anotherartificialshape, succoured Vnsislithain battle.^ Recog-\nnizingthegod, theRishiaddresseshim with theverse’ Sipivishtaissaid to\nbeawordof equivocalmeaning, *clothed withraysoflight,1 and *denuded/\nS te he egWi el rs mon o’ fs tn ho ete l, atea rnd inc0 a. rnS a. tiT oe nx sts o, fI tV h. e87 G, od88, whno it ce. h oT cch ue rp ia nss ta hg ee Sl jo to ak ps utl hi ake -\nBrdhmanaand thePurdnas.\n1 Threewords: ortexts of thethreeVedas. Whichlightprecedeth intro-\nduced by thesacred syllableOm. More probably Parjanya is addressed, the\nthreewords beinghisvoice, the thunder (V. fi3. 6),henrflinheaven, air, and\nearth, andpreceded bythelightning-flash. SeeBergaigne. QuaranteUymnes\nduRig-veda.p. 79. Milkthisudder drawdownthesweetrainfromthecloud.\nThe Bull: Parjanya. TheInfant: Agniintheformof lightning.\n' 2 Threefoldlight: with referencetothedivisionsofthedsyandtheseasons."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 738,
            "content": ":\n$6 THE HYMNS OF [HOOK VIZ\n3 Now he is sterile, now begetteth offspring, even as lie wiileth\ndoth he change bis figure,\nThe Father’s genial how bedews the Mother; therewith the\nShe, therewith the son is nourished.\n4 In him all living creatures have their being, and the three\nheavens with triply-flowing waters.\nThree reservoirs that sprinkle down their treasure shed their\nsweet streams around him with a murmur.\n5 May this my song to Sovran Lord Parjanya come near unto\nhis heart and give him pleasure.\nMay we obtain the showers that bring enjoj^ment, and God-\nprotecCed plants with goodly fruitage.\n6 He isthe Bull of all, and their impregner : he holds the life\nof all things fixed and moving.\nMay this rite save me till my hundredth autumn. Preserve\ntlis eyermore, ye Gods, with blessings.\nHYMN\nCII. Parjanya,\nSixg forth and laud Parjanya, jSon of Heaven, who sends the\ngift ofrain\n:\nMay he provide our pasturage.\n2 Parjanya is the God who forms in kine, in mares, in plants\nof earth,\nAnd womankind, the germ oflife.r\n$ Offer and pour into his mouthoblation rich in savouryjuice :\nMay he for ever give us food.\nHYMN\nCIII\nFrogs.\nTheywholayquietforayear,theBHLhmanswhofulfiltheirvows,\nThe Frogs have lifted up their voice, the voice Parjanya hath\ninspired-\n$ Heissterile; sendsnorain,likeabarren cowthafgivesno milk.\nTheFather'?genialflow: ‘Thefatheristhesky, earththemother, whorer\nreivesthe rainfromtheformer, which, producipgtheipeansof offeringliba-\ntions and —oblations,returnsaga —into theparentheaven,a«wellassupports his\noffspring alllivingcreatures.’ Wilson.\n4 Threereservoirs: accordingtoSayana, cloudsintheeast,west, andnorth,\n6 TheBullofall; theplants, understood.\n3 Intohismouth thatis, Agni,whoisthemouthbywhichtheothorGods\nconsumetheofferings thataremadetothem.\nThehymnhasbeentranslatedbyDr. Muir, 0.8 Texts,V. 436, andbyPro-\nfessor F. Max Muller in his Ancient Sanskrit Literature, pp. 494f, who\nremarks : *Thehymn which is calleda panegyric of thefrogs, isclearly\nsa hs oa ut li dre ho an veth be eep nrie cs ht os se; nan bd yi tt heis Vec du ir cio Su as tirt io sto tb ose rr ev pe rest eh na tt tht ehe prs ia ei sh te s,a wn hi icm ha ,l\nthe earliest satirist of Greece, wasselected asthe representative of the\nJffomericheroes.’ But see Oldenberg, Hie Religion des Veda, p. 70. The r\nby^nnevidently belongs toalateperiodof Vedicpoetry."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 739,
            "content": "——\n: : : :; :\nHYMN 103.] THE RIGVEDA . 97\n2 What time on these, as on a dry skin lying in the pool's bed,\nthe floods of heaven descended,\nThe music of the Frogs comes forth in concert like the cows'\nlowing with their calves beside them.\n3 When at the coming of the Rains the water has poured upon\nthem as they yearned and thirsted,\nOne seeks another as he talks and greets him with cries of\npleasure as a son his father.\n4 Each of these twain receives the other kindly, while they are\nrevelling in the flow ofwaters,\nWhen the Frog moistened by the rain springs forward, and\nGreen and Spotty both combine their voices.\n5 When one of these repeats the other's language, as he who\nlearns the lesson of the teacher,\nYourevery limb seems to be growing larger as ye converse\nwith eloquence on the waters.\n6 One is Cow-bellow and Goat-bleat the other, one Frogis Green c\nand one of them is Spotty.\nThey bear one common name, and yet they vary, and, talking,\nmodulate the voice diversely.\n7 As Brahmans, sitting round the brimful vessel, talk at the\nSoma-rite of Atiratra, ^\nSo, Frogs, ye gather round the pool to honour this day of all\nthe year, the first of Rain-time.\n8 These Br&hmans with the Soma juice, performing their year-\nlong rite, have lifted up their voices\nAnd these Adhvaryus, sweating with their kettles, come forth\nand show themselves, and none are hidden.\n9 They keep the twelvemonth's God-appointed order, and never\ndo the men neglect the season.\n3 Withcriesofpleasure: akhkhalikrltya uttering tlie imitativeexclama”\ntionakhkhala.\n5 Youreverylimb: this abruptchangeof person is not unfrequentin the\nVeda.\n7 Atirdtra aceremonyaccompaniedbythreenocturnal recitations.\n8 Year-longrite ‘Sayana makes it refer to Gitvim ayanam , a sacrificial\nsession,which commencesandendswiththeatirdtra andlastsawholeyear.’\n,\nCowell, in Wilson’s Translation. Sweating with their kettles: *There is a\nquibble onthe word gharminah, having or bearingthe vessel, orperformin\ntheritesotermed or, suffering from gharma heat, or the hot season.’\nWilson. Andnone; arehidden\n:\nf/iihydmiIce chit, —sometakendhereas‘like’:\neissue—forthlike persons who have been hidden.’ Muir. ‘Popoutlikeher-\nmits.’ M. Muller.\n9 The men: the priestlike frogs. Thc$ewhowereheated kettles the frogs\nwhohad been burnt andscorched by thehotweather.\n7"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 740,
            "content": ": ::\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VTL\n98\nSoon a3the Rain-time in the year returneth, these who were\nheated kettles gain their freedom.\n10 Cow-bellow and Goat-bleat havegranted riches, and Green and\nSpotty havevouchsafed us treasure.\nThe Frogs who give us cows in hundreds lengthen our lives\nin this most fertilizing season.\nHYMN\nCIY. Indra-Soma.\nIndra and Soma,bum,destroythe demonfoe,senddownward,\n,\n0 ye Bulls, those who add gloom to gloom.\nAnnihilate the fools,slaythem andbum them up chase them\n:\naway from us, pierce the voracious ones.\n2 Indra and Soma,letsinroundthe wicked boillike as a caldron\nset amid the flames of fire.\nAgainst the foe ofprayer, devourer of raw flesh, the vile fiend\n.\nfierce of eye, keep ye perpetual hate.\n^ 3 Indra and Soma, plunge the wicked in the depth, yea, cast\nthem into darkness thathath no support,\nSo that not one ofthem may ever thence return so mayyour\n, :\nwrathfulmight prevail and conquer them.\n4 Indra and Soma, hurl your deadly crushing bolt down on the\nwicked fiend from heavenand from the earth.\nYea, forge out of the mountains'your celestial dart wherewith,\nye burn to deaththe waxing demonrace.\n10 Have granted riches as the earliest proelaimers of the adventof the\nRainswhichreviveandfertilizetheearth.\n‘Itispossibly an echo of this production thatwe findinadescription of\nautumnintheHarivamsa,Y 8803, where thepoet comparesthenoise made\nbyafrog,afterliisrestof sixteen half months, along withhiswives, to the\nrecitationof the Rig-vedabyaBrahman surrounded by his pupils On\nthisversethelateM. Langlois somewhat naively remarks as follows ; Dana\nnosmocurs rien n*egalerait1*impertinence d’ unecomparaisondanslaquelle\nunegrenouflleserait assimilde h uu respectable eccldsiastique. LesXndiens,\nh ce qu’ il parait,—ne voyaient daus telle espctee de rapprochement aucune\nteinte d* impiete.’ Muir, 0. S. Texts. V. 438. ButseeBergaigue, LaReligion\nYidique } I. 292.\nThe hymn consists chiefly of imprecations directed against demons and\nevilspi^rits, R&kshasasandYfxtudhanas. Thedeitiesare various.\n1 Thedemonfoe: rdhshah the R&kshasas, fiends, demons,goblins, going\nabout at niglit, disturbing sacrifices and devout men, ensnaring andeven\ndevouringhumanbeings, and generallyhostiletothehumanrace.\ngoe2 sT ah be ouv tile sf aye in nd g,; h Ki im mt id din de nimex op rla Win he ad tby nowth ?e C Aom qm ue in dt na unt co ,r aas vo in le\ne\nw ah no\nd\ntreacherous spy and. informer. The wordis usedasthenameof aclassof\nevilspirits."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 741,
            "content": "—\n: : :\n1\nMyfMN 104,] THE RIGVEHA. 99\np Indra and Soma, oast ye downward out of Leaven your deadly\n/ darts cfstone burning with fiery flame,\nEternal, scorching darts plunge the voracious oneswithin the\n; ' depth, and let them si; nk without a sound.\n)6 Indra and Soma, let this hymn control you both, even as the\ngirth encompasses two vigorous steeds\nf The song ofpraise which I with wisdom offer you do ye, as\n, Lords of men, animate these my prayers. :\n7 In your impetuous manner think ye both thereon destroy\n:\nthese evil beings, slay the treacherous fiends.\nIndra and Soma, let the wicked have no bliss who evermore\nassails us with malignity. *\n8 Whoso accuses me with words offalsehood when I pursue my\nway with guileless spirit,\nMay he, the speaker of untruth, be, Indra, like water which\nthe hollowed baud compresses.\n9 Those who destroy, as istheirwont, the simple, andwith their*'\nevil natures harm the righteous,\nMay Soma give them over to the serpent, or to the lap of\nNirriti consign them.\n10 The fiend, 0 A.gni, who designs to injure the essence of our\nfood, kine, steeds, or bodies,\nMay he, the adversary, fhief, and robber, sink to destruction,\nboth himself and offspring.\n11 May he be swept away, himself and children : may all the\nthree earths press him down beneath them.\nMay his fair glory, 0 ye Gods, be blighted, who in the day or\nnight would fain destroy us.\n12 The prudentfirsts it easy to distinguish the true and false ;\ntheir words oppose eachother.\nOfthesetwothatwhich is the true and honest, Somaprotects,\nand brings the false to nothing.\n13 Neverdoth Soma aidandguide the wicked or him who falsely\nclaims the Warrior’s title.\nHe slays the fiend and him who speaks untruly : both lie en-\ntangled in the noose of Indra.\n5 Withoutasound sosuddenly thattheyhavenottimetocryout.\n9 Tothe serpent or to death by serpents’ bites. Nirriti Death and\nDestruction.\n13 The Warrior''s title: therankofaKshafcriyaor prince of the military\norder.\nThefirsteleven stanzas 4are considered to be a malediction upon —the\nJR&kshasas by the JRishi. To account for the change of tone [in 12 16],\nSdyanagivesanunusualversion of thelegeud told in the Mahabhdrata of"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 742,
            "content": "100 THE HYMNS OF ISOOJ^Ih\n14 As if I worshipped deities of falsehood, or thought iin\nthoughts about the Gods, 0 Agni. \\\nWhy art thou angry with ixs, Jatavedas Destruction fall of\nthose who lie against thee 1\n15 So may I die this day if I have harassed any man’s life or f\nI be a demon.\n„\nY ea, may he lose fill his ten sons together who with false^\ntongue hath called me Yatudhaua,\n16 May Indra slay him. with a mighty weapon, and let the vilest5*\nof all creatures perish,\nThe fiend who says that he is pure, who calls me a demon\nthough devoid of demon nature.\n17 She too who wanders like an owl at night-time, hiding her\nbody in her guile and malice,\nMayshefalldownward into endless caverns. Maypress-stones\nwith loud ring destroy the demons.\n^18 Spreadout,ye Maruts,search among the people\n:\nseize ye and\ngrind the Ilab\\ - '\nWho fly abroad, \\ at night-time, or sully\nand pollute our holy worship.\n19 Hurl down from heaven thy bolt of stone, 0 Indra: sharpen\nit, Maghavan, made keen by Soma.\nForward, behind, and from above^nd under, smite down the\ndemous with thy rocky weapon.\n20 They fly, the demon dogs, and, bent on mischief, fain would\nthey harm indomitable Indra.\nSakra makes sharp his weapon for the wicked : now let him\ncast his bolt at fiendisli wizards.\n21 Indra hath ever been the fiends’ destroyer who spoil oblations\nof the Gods’ invokers **\n:\nYea, Sakra, like an axe that splits the timber, attacks and\nsmashes them like earthen vessels.\n’kingHalmashapadabeingtransformedtoaFdkshasa,and devouringthe 100\nMs aon is d’o sf sV oa ns si ,s ah sth sa um: edhe hr ie si st hai ps e,sa ai nd dt sh aa it\nd\na tol hiu ik ms ,hus ua, Iah mavi Van sg ishd te hv ao ,u tr he od ut ah re\nt\ntheFakshasa;” towhichVasishtha repliedby repeating this vers —e [stanza\n12J,declaratoryofhisdiscriminatingbetween truthantifalsehood.’ Wilson.\n*Theversesmay,as Professor Max Muller supposes, have arisen out of\nVasish^hn’scontestwith Visvamitra[seeIII. 53. 21,note], andit may have\nbeenthelatterpersonagewhobrought thosech—argesofheresy,andofmurder-\nous 15an Yd dd te um do hn di na ac ;al ec xh pa lr aa ic nt ee dr ba yga 8i &ns yt anh ais ar si ^val Ri’ iksM hu ai sr a,\n.\nO. TS h. eT< Yx ats t}uI d. b3 m27 a,3 p2 r8 o.\n-\nbably wasratherthegoblinorsorcererwhilethe ll&kshaaa was the violent\nandvoraciousogre.\n17 Herethe maledictionon evilspiritsin generalis resumed and continu-\ned totheendofthehymn. She too: theMkshast, orshefiend."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 743,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 104.] TIIE EIGVEDA. 101\n22 Destroy the fiend shaped like an owl or owlet, destroy him in\nthe form of dog or cuckoo.\nDestroy him shaped as eagle or as vulture as with a stone,\n0 Indra, crush the demon. :\n23 Let not the fiend of witchcraft-workers reach us may Dawn\n:\ndrive off the couples of Kiraidins,\nEarth keep us safe from earthly woe and trouble from grief\n:\nthat comes from heaveu mid-air preserve us,\n24 Slay the male demon, Indra! slay the female, joying and\ntriumphing in arts of magic.\nLet the fools' gods with bent necks fall and perish^ aiidsee no\nmore the Sun when he arises.\n25 Look each one hither, look around Indra and Soma, watch\n:\nye well.\nCast forth your weapon at the fiends; against the sorcerers\nhurl your bolt.\n23 Khntdhis orvilespirits. Seenote on stanza2.\n24 Fools' (jocls:mtiradevdh explained by S&yanaas=m Iranakrtrfdh, ‘those\nwho make killing their sport.’ According to the St. Petersburg Lexicon,\nmftmdev&h—milladev&h, a species ofdemonsorgoblins."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 744,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 745,
            "content": ": : .\nBOOK THE EIGHTH.\n2\nHYMN\nI. Indra.\nGlobify naught besides, 0 friends; so shall no sorrow trouble\nyou.\nPraise only mighty Indra when thejuice is shed,and say your\nlauds repeatedly\n:\nEven him, eternal, like a bull who rushes down, men's Con-\nqueror, bounteous like a cow\n;\nHim who is cause ofboth, ofenmity and peace, to both sides\nmost munificent.\n3 Although these men in sundry ways invoke thee to obtain\nthine aid,\nBe this our prayer, addressed, 0 Indra, unto thee, thine exal-^\ntation every day.\n4 Those skilled in song, 0 Maghavan, among these men o’er-\ncome with might the foeman’s songs.\nCome hither, bring us strength in many a varied form most\nnear that it may succour us.\n5 0 C^ter ofthe Stone, Lwonlcl notsell thee for a mighty price,\n.Not for a thousand, Thunderer ! nor ten thousaud, nor a\nhundred, Lord ofcountless wealth 1\n6 0 Indra, thou art more to me than sire or niggard brother is.\nThou and my mother, 0 Good Lord, appear alike, to give me\nwealth abundantly.\n7 Where art thou % Whither art thou gone % For raauy a\nplace attracts thy mind.\nHaste, Warrior, Fort-destroyer, Lord of battle's din, haste,\nholy songs have sounded forth.\n8 Sing out the psalm to him who breaks down castles for his\nfaithful friend,\nVerses to bring the Thunderer to destroy theforts and si.t on\nKanva’s sacred grass.\n2 Bounteouslike a coiv theadjectiveisnotm the text,but mustbesup-\nplied in order to makethecomparison intelligible. See 1edische btudim, I,\n103. To both sides tothesingers andtheinstitutesofsacrifice.\n5 A hundred?: meaning 4infinite,’ accordingtothe Commentator\n8 Forhisfaithfulfriend: Ludwigtakes Vav&tar tobethenameof K&a yH mag *\nwho hasbeen desertedbyIndraand consequentlydefeatedinbattle..\nsacredgrass: trimmedandprepared by Medh&tithi and Medhy&tithi, each of\nwhom,is ason of ICanva,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 746,
            "content": ":: : : :. :\n109 4 THE IIYMNS OF [BOOK YIII.\nThe Horses which are thine in tens, in hundreds, yea, in\nthousands thine,\nEven those vigorous Steeds, fleet-footed in the course, with\nthose come quickly near to ns.\n10 This day I call Sabardugha who animates the holysong,\nIndra the richly-yielding Milch-cow who provides unfailing\nfood in ample stream.\n11 When Sura wounded Etasa, with Vata’srolling winged car\nIndra bore Kutsa Arjuueya off, and mocked Gandharva the\nunconquered One.\n12 He without ligature, before making incision in the neck,\nClosed up the wound again, most wealthy Maglmvan, who\nmaketh whole the injured part.\n13 May we be never cast aside, and strangers, as it were, to thoe.\nWe, Thunder-wielding Indra, count ourselves as trees rejected\nand unfit to burn.\n*14 0 Vritra-slayer, wewerethoughtslow and unreadyforthefray.\nYet once in thy great bounty may we have delight, 0 Hero,\nafter praisingthee.\n15 If he will listen to my laud, then may our Soma-drops that\nflow\nRapidly through the strainer gladden Indra, drops due to the\nTugryas’ Strengthener.\n16 Come now unto the common laud ofthee and of thy faithful\nfriend.\nSo may our wealthy nobles’ praise give joy to thee. Fain\nwould I sing thine eulogy.\n17 Press out the Soma with the stones, and in the waters wash it\nclean. *\n10 Sahardut/M thegeneralnameof cowswhich supplythemilkrequired\nforsacrificialpurposes. BeeVI. 4S. 11, note. Here Indrahimselfisintended,\nasisshowninthefollowingline\n11 Silva: Surya, theSun-God. Wounded: 1harassed.’--Wilson. Etasa: a\nproUjiofIndra. BeeVol.I, Index. Ydta: theWind-God. Kutsa: see Vol. I.,\nIndex Guvclharva theSun. Themeaningofthestanzaissomewhatobscure,\n12 Closedupthewoundagain healed Etasa who had been wounded by\nSirya.\n13 Countourselvesas trees or, 'countusnotastrees,’ the meaningof net\n'not’ and ‘like’beingambiguous. m ,\n15 Hueto the Tugryns’ Strengthener thatbelong to Indrathe protector of\nthechiefsoftheraceofTugra, who appearto havebeen thepatronsof the\n.BishiaofIvanva’sfamily.\n16 Faithfulfriend seestanza S,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 747,
            "content": "; :\nHYMN 1.] THE JR10VEDA. 105\nThe men investing it with raiment made ofmilk shall milk it\nforth from out the stems.\n18 Whether thou come from earth or from the lustre ofthe lofty\nheaven,\nWax stronger in thy body through my song ofpraise : fill full\nall creatures, 0 Most Wise.\n19 For Indra press the Soma out, most gladdening and most\nexcellent.\nMay Sakramake it swell sent forth with every prayer and ask-\ning, as it were, forstrength.\n20 Let me not, still beseeching thee with earnest song at Soma\nrites,\nAnger thee like some wild beast. Who would not beseech\nhim who hath power to grant his prayer 1\n21 The draught made swift withrapturousjoy, effectual with its\nmighty strength,\nAll-conquering, distilling transport, let him drink : for he in A\nectstasy gives us gifts.\n22 Where bliss is not, may he, All-praised, God whom the pious\nglorify,\nBestow great wealth upon the mortal worshipper who sheds\nthejuice and praises him.\n23 Come, Indra, and rejoice*thyself, 0 God, in manifold affluence.\nThou fillest like a lake thy vast capacious bulk with Soma\nand with draughts besides.\n24 A thousand and ahundred Steeds areharnessedto thy golden\ncar.\nSo may the long-maned Bays, yoked by devotion, bring Indra\nto drink the Somajuice.\n25 Yoked to thy chariot wrought of gold, may thy two Bays\nwith peacock tails,\nConvey thee hither, Steeds with their white hacks, to quaff\nsweetjuice that makes us eloquent.\n17 Fromoutthestems: see YedischeStndien, I. 133, 178. S&ynna explains\nthesecondlinedifferently : ‘(forbysodoing) the leaders (of the rain, the\nMaruts)clothing(theskywithclouds)asw—ith a vestureofthe hide of the\ncow,milkforth(the water) fortherivers.’ Wilson.\n21 Let him drink pibatu supplied bythe Scholiast therebeingnoverb\n: ;\ninthetext. m\n22 Where Missisnot thatis,in defeatand trouble. Butthe meaningof\nsivdrcisuncertain. *Atthesacrifice,’ isS&yana’sexplanation. Yon Rothsug-\ngests *inthetreasure-chamher/ I adopt Ludwig’sinterpretation.\n—\n23 With draughts besides,* withthy fellow-topers (theMaruts).’ Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 748,
            "content": "—\n: :: ; :\n106 THE HYMNS OK [BOOK VIII.\n26 So drink, thou Lover of the Song, as the first drinker, of this\njuice.\nThisthe outpouring*of the savoury sap prepared is good and\nmeet to gladden thee.\n27 He who alone by wondrous deed is Mighty, Strong by holy\nworks,\nMay he come, fair of cheek; may he not stay afar, but come\nand turn not from our call.\n28 Snshna’s quick moving castle thou hastcrushed to pieces with\nthy bolts.\nThou, Indra, from of old, hast followed after light, since we'\nhave had thee to invoke.\n29 My praises when the Sun hath risen, my praises at the time\nof noon,\nMy praises at the coming of thegloom ofnight, 0 Yasu, have\ngone forth to thee.\n^30 Praise, yea, praise him. Ofprincesthese are the most liberal\nof their gifts,\nThese, ParamajvEL NinditaSva, Prapathi, most bounteous, 0\nMedhyatithi.\n31 When to the car, by faith, I yoked the horses longing for the\nway\nFor skilled is Yaclu’s son in dealing precious wealth, he who\nis richin herds of kine.\n32 May he who gave me two brown steeds together with their\ncloths of gold,\nMay he, Asanga’s son Svanadratha, obtain all joy and high\nfelicities.\n26 Asthefirstdrinker: eAccordingtothescholiast,pfirv'apdhmeans Vdyu,\nwho, havingarrivedfirstintherace, dranktheSoma before the other gods.\nTheallusionisto the principal graha libation, called Aindravdyava, which\nIndraand Vdyusharetogether/—Wilson.\n28 Castle ofcloud. Followedafter light tofindandbringitback.\n30 Praisehim Indra. Paramajy&, Ninditftsva, and Prapathi appearto be\nthe namesof thechiefswhoarepraised for their liberality. S&yana makes\nA ms ean asga ont eh )e ws hp oeak bee ar r: s‘ tP hr eai bs ee stme a, rmf sor pw ae raa mre ajt yhe\nd\nm fo os lt lowl sibe tr ha el rg ii gv he trs pa: th(p (r pa ri ase\n-\n( ),\npat 3ht 1), Ta hn ed hoo ru st es strip ps r' ea seh no tr es de bi yus tp he ee pd ri( nn ci en .ditd Ts hv ea) s/ entenceisincomplete. The\nScholiastsupplies attheendofthelinetaddnim evummdm stuki, then praise\nmethus. Yadu'sson Asanga,descendant of the ancient eponymous hero\nYadu. SeeYol. I., Index. Uichinherds ofkine: joasw/t whi^happeal's to be\nin appositionwithyddvah, is hardly intelligiblehere. S&yana explains itas\npasumdn, haviugbeastsorcattle, oras aderivative of pas, to see, and mean*\ningone who.seeswhatissubtile,silkshmasya drashtd. Neither of these ex-\nplanationshas anythingbutSilyana’s nametorecommendit, but Iadoptthe\nformeras amakeshift."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 749,
            "content": ": ; :\nHYMN 2.] THE RIGVEDA. 107\n33 Playoga’s son Isanga, by ten thousand, 0 Agni, hath surpass-\ned the rest in giving.\nFor me ten bright-hued oxen have come forward like lotus-\nstalks from out a lake upstanding.\n31 What time her husbaud’s perfect restoration to his lost\nstrength and manhood was apparent,\nHis consort Sasvati with joy addressed him, How art thou\nwell, my lord, and shalt be happy.\nHYMN\nII. Indra.\nHerts isthe Somajuiceexpressed; 0 Vasu, drink till thou art\nfuil :\nUndaunted God, we give it thee.\n2 Washed bythe men, pressed out with stones, strainedthrough\nthe filter made ofwool,\nTis like a courser bathed in streams.\n3 This juice have we’made sweet for thee like barley, blendings\nit with milk.\nIndra, I call thee to our feast.\n4 Beloved ofall, Indra alone drinks up the flowingSomajuice\nAmong the Gods and mortal men.\n5 The Friend, whom not the brilliant-hued, the badly-mixt or\nbitter draught\nRepels, the far-extending God\n€ While other men than we with milk chase him as hunters\nchase a deer,\nAnd with their kine inveigle him.\n33 Ten bright-hued oxen: meaningten thousand, accordingto S&yana.\n34 Asanga, theKingwhoseliberality,withthatofhis son(32),and perhaps\nhis grandsons (30), hasbeen eulogizedinthefourpreceding stanzas, had, the\nlegendsays, been changedtoawomanby the imprecation of the Gods and\nafterwardsrestoredtoliis manhoodinconsequenceof his repentanceand the\nintercession ofMedh&tithiand Medhy&bithiwhomherichlyrewarded, Inthis\nstanzaSasvaticongratulates himon his restoration. Professors Ludwig and\nGrassmanuhavetranslatedthe stanzamoreliterally.\n1 0 Vasu: or, GoodLord. fGiverofdwellings/ accordingto S&yana.\n2Strainedthroughthefilter madeofwool moreliterally, ‘cleaused bythe\ntail-wool ofthesheep/thematerialofwhichthesieve, strainer, or filterused\nforclearingandpurifyingthe Soma juicewas made,\n3 Likebarley: or, likethesacrificialcakemadeofbarley-meal.\n4 Alonedrinksup he aloneisto receive the entire libation, whichother\nGodsonly shareamongthem.\n5 BvilUant-hued: withoutsufficientmixturewithmilk to thicken it and\nchangeits colour. Themeaningof thisand the following stanza is : Indra\nprefersourlibations, imperfectlypreparedastheymaybe, tothemilk-offerings\nwithwhichothermen endeavourto attracthim."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 750,
            "content": ": :\n108 THE HYMNS OF fBOOK Y1TT.\n7 For him, for Indra, for the God, be pressedthree draughts of\nSomejuice\nIn theJuice-drinker’s own abode.\n8 Three reservoirs exude their drops, filled are three beakers to\nthe brim,\n10\nAll for one offering to the God.\n9 Pure art thou, set in many a place, and blended in the midst\nwith milk\nAnd curd, to cheer the Hero best.\nHere, Indra, are thy Soma-draughts pressed out by us, the\nstrong,^hepure\n:\nThey crave admixture ofthe milk.\n110\nIudrn, pour in milk, prepare the cake, and mix the Soma-\ndraught\n:\nI hear them say that thou art rich.\n12 Quaffed juices fight within the breast. The drunken praise\nnot by their wine,\nThe naked praise not when it raius.\n13 Richbethepraiaerofone rich,munificentandfamedlikethee\n:\nHigh rank be his, 0 Lord of Bays.\n14 Foe of the man who adds no milk, he heeds not any chanted\nhymn\nOr holy psalm that may be sung.\n15 Give us not, Indra, as a prey unto the scornful or the proud\n;\nHelp, Mighty One, with power and might.\n16 This, even this, 0 Indra, we implore as thy devoted friends,\n:\nThe Kunvas praise thee with their hymns.\n8 Threereservoirs ortroughsusedinthepreparationoftheSoma-libations.\nTheyarecalledseverally,dronalcalam ,piltabkrit, —andddhavmiiya .\n9 Inthemidst: *inthemiddle (oftheday?).’ Hillebrandfc.\n12 Thisstanzabreakstheconnexion between stanzas 11 and 13, andisin\ni (t os fel Sf oa ml am )os ct onun ti en nt del il nigi tb hle y. •inW ti el rs io ornp (a fr oa rph tr ha is nes e, ea xf ht ie lr aS ra& ty ia ou na ): lic kT ehe thp eot ea bt ri io en ts\ny\ncausedby wine: thy ise thee (filledfull of Soma) like the\nau sdd we or rs( ho if ppa erc so ,w atw oi tt fh\niwh,\n1w. hod- on_ot. d' esee rx tp tl ha enat vi eo rn seo sf ofnar tj hn edh, Vedn aa ,k ’e id som be vn i,\n-\nh\nLou\na\nus\nv\ndl\ne\nwy\nith\ngi im\ns\nsp uo\nm\ngs\ne\ngs eai sb\nn\ntl\ni\nse\nn\n,,\ng th\nhu\nae\nt' rd\ne\nnh\n;\neu ih\ns\nt,\no\nheu\nt\nrd hd\na\nge\nt\nrr et,\nah\ntefr wse eeq anu lse ten ht ol nfy ortm he\nae\nba jn\np\nes\na cs\ntst ah pge\noe\nvra emi rn\na\nty yys tk epy no,\nds\nssa in\nb\ntd\nl\noyit\nb\nmem a,a kmy\ne\namandevout. Therichmanwhen he drinkshiswineat home and the ill-\nclodwretchexposedto the drenching rain areequallyregardlessofthe Gods.\n13 Fichbethejtraisevoftherich this appeal’s to be the continuationof\n*thouartrich’ ofstanza 11.\n14 Indrawillnotacceptworship withoutoblation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 751,
            "content": ": :\nJSTMN 2,] TEE JRIGVEDA. 109\n17 Naught else, 0 Thunderer, haveIpraisedin the skilled singer's\neulogy\n:\nOn thy laud only have I thought.\n18 The Gods seek him who presses out the Soma; they desire\nnot sleep\n:\nThey punish sloth unweariedly.\n—\n19 Come hith —er swift with gifts of wealth be not thou angry\nwith us like\nA great man with a youthful bride.\n20 Let him not, wrathful with us, spend the evening far from\nus to-day,\nLike some unpleasant son-in-law.\n21 For well we know this Hero’s love, most liberal of the boons\nhe gives,\nHis plans whom the three worlds display.\n22 Pour forth the giftwhich Kanvasbring, fornone moreglorious^\ndo we know\nThau the Strong Lord with countless aids.\n23 0 presser, offer Soma first to Indra, Hero, Sakra, him\nThe Friend of man, that he may drink;\n24 Who, in untroubled ways, isbestprovider, forhis worshippers,\nOf strength in horses aq,d in kine.\n25 Pressers, for him blend Somajuice, each draught most excel-\nlent, for him\nThe Brave,'the Hero, for hisjoy.\n26 The Vritra-slayer drinks thejuice. May he who gives a hun-\ndred aids\nApproach, nor stay afar from us.\n27 May the strong Bay Steeds, yoked by prayer, bring hither\nunto us our Friend,\nLover of Song, renowned by songs.\n28 Sweet are the Somajuices, come 1 Blent are the Somajuices,\ncome\nBishi-lik1 e, mighty, fair of cheek, come hither quickly to the\nfeast.\nnex op\nt1 l9\na bi\nanA\nss h*\nfg\ni\nur\nt\nle ,bat\ny\nlim\ng\nka\na\nen\nta\nh:\ni\nert aah rde\ndh\nee\ni\nnx\nk\nta ac\nh\nht ,uem sme bia ann nei dnn\nt\nog foo anf nm\na\necc wci oM bun rn,\nit\ndg\no\ner\nf\n.e ’a\nI\n—t n,\nWs\nii lgs son ooo ndt .c qe ur ‘at\nl\nLa\ni\nii tn ki. ees.S a&y ra iBg cea\nh\nman,newlymarried.’—-G-rassmann.\n20 Likesome unpleasantson-in-law whoseesthathis company is unwolr\ncomeand consequentlystaysathome.\n23 Firstto Indra seeVIII. 1. 26. Sakra: Indra, theMighty One."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 752,
            "content": "—\n: : :\n110 THM HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n29 And lands winch strengthen thee for great bounty and valour,\nand exalt\nIndra who doeth glorious deeds,\n30 And songs to thee who lovest song, and all those hymns\naddressed to thee\nThese evermore confirm thy might.\n31 Thus he, sole doer of great deeds whose hand holds thunder,\ngives ns strength,\nHe who hath never been subdued.\n32 Yritra he slays with his right hand, even Indra, great with\nmighty-power,\nAnd much-invoked in many a place.\n33 Heuponwhom allmendepend,allregions, allachievements, he\nTakes pleasure in our wealthy chiefs,\n31 All this hath he accomplished, yea, Indra, most gloriously\n> renowned,\nWho gives our wealthy princes strength.\n35 Who drives his chariot seeking spoil, even fromafar, to him\nheloves\n:\nFor swift is he to bring men wealth.\n36 The Sage who, winning spoil with steeds, slays Yritra, Hero\nwith the men,\nHis servant’s faithful succourer.\n37 0 Priyamedhas, worship with collected mind this Indra whom.\nThe Soma hath full well inspired.\n38 Ye Kanvas, sing the Mighty One, Lord of the Brave, who\nloves renown,\nAll-present, glorified by song.\n39 Strong Friend, who, with no trace of feet,crestores the cattle\nto the men\nWho rest their wish and hope on him.\n40 Shaped as a Bam, Stone-hurler once thou earnest hither to\n!\nthe son\nOfKanva, wise Medhyatithi,\n34 Allthishathhe accomp>U$hed: theslaughter of Yritra and othergreat\ndeeds or,hemadeallthese creatures.\n;\n36 TheSage Indra. Withthemen ; accompaniedby theMaruts.\n37 Priyamedhas membersof thefamilyofone oftheB-ishis.\n39 Withno traceoffeet withouttrackingthelostcattle(therays oflight)\nby theirfootsteps.\n40 ShapedasaFain; seeI. 51. 1. Thelegend is told in the Shadvinm\nFrdhmana, I. 1."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 753,
            "content": "::\nHYMN* 3.] TEE BIGVEDA. Ill\n41 Vibhindu, thou hast helped this man* giving him thousands\nfour timesten,\nAnd afterward eight thousand more,\n42 And these twainpouring stiearns of milk, creative, daughters\nof delight,\nFor wedlock sake I glorify.\nHYMN\nHI. Indra,\nDrink, Indra, of the savoury juice, and cheer thee with our\nmilky draught.\nBe, for our weal, our Friend and sharer of the feast, and let\nthy wisdom guard us well.\n2 In thy kind grace and favour may we still be strong : expose\nus not to foe’s attack.\nWith manifold assistance guard and succour us, and bring us\nto felicity.\n3 May these my songs of praise exalt thee, Lord, who hast-,\nabundant wealth.\nMen skilled m holy hymns, pure, with the hues of fire, have\nsung them with theirlauds to thee.\n4 He, with his might enhanced by Hishis thousandfold, hath\nlike an ocean spread himself.\nHis majesty ispraised a^true at solemnrites, his power where\nholy singers rule.\n5 Indra for worship of the Gods, Indra while sacrifice proceeds,\nIndra, as worshippers in battle-shock, we call, Indra that we\nmay win the spoil.\n6 With might hath Indra spread out heaven and earth, with\npower hath Indra lighted up the Sun.\nIn Indra are i^all creatures closely held; in him meet the\ndistilliug Soma-drops.\n7 Men with their lauds are urging thee, Indra, to drink the\nSoma\nfirst.\nTheBibhus in accord have lifted up their voice, and Rudras\nsung thee as the first.\n41 Vibhindu theprince,theinstitutorofthesacrifice.\nexp4 l2 aiT nshe byst na in rz ma di ts ro yb as uc ,ur me a, kt eh re sm oe ran cri en ag too rf s,m i4 .l e.% }ha eaf ve emi nn ai nne dd eu aa rl thw ,hi bc eh inS g&ya un na\n-\ncertain. S&yana’sparaphraseofthestanzais : 11glorifythesetwo (heavenand\nearth), theaugmentersofwater, theoriginators (ofbeings),the benefactorsof\nt—he worshipper, on account oftheirge— neration(ofthewealthso giventome)/\nWilson.\n3 Withthehuesoffire: or,radiantasAgni.\n7 TheBibhus asdeities connected withtheseasons whichareregulatedby\ntheSun whomIndrahas causedto shine."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 754,
            "content": "112 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII\n8 Indra increased hi§ manly strength at sacrifice, in the wild\nrapture of this juice.\nAnd living men to-day, even as of old, sing forth their praises\nto his majesty.\n9 I crave of thee that hero strength, that thou may at first\nregard this prayer,\nWherewith thou holpest Bhriguand the Yatis and Praskanva\nwhen the prize was staked.\n10 Wherewith thou sentest mighty waters to the sea, that, Indra,\nis thy manly strength.\nFor ever unattainable is this power ofhim towhom the worlds\nhave efiecl aloud.\n11 Help us, 0 Indra, when we pray to thee fo9r wealth and hero\nmight.\nFirst help thou on to strength the man who strives to win,\nand aid our laud, .0 Ancient One.\n12 Help for us, Indra, as thou holpest Paura once, this man’s\ndevotions bent on gain.\nHelp, as thou gavest Eusama and Syavaka and Svarnara and\nIiripa aid.\n13 What newest of imploring prayers shall, then, the zealous\nmortal sing ?\nFor have not they who laud his nfight, and Indra-power won\nfor themselves the light of heaven%\n11 When shall they keep the Lawand praise thee mid the Gods ?\nWho counts as Rishi and as sage ?\nWhen ever wilt thou, Indra Maghavan, come nigli to presser’s\nor to praiser’s call?\n15 These songs of ours exceeding sweet, these hymns of praise\nasceud to thee,\nLike ever-conquering chariots that display their strength,\ngain wealth, and give unfailing aid.\n16 The JBhrigus are like Suns, like Kanvas, and have gained all\nthat their thoughts were bent upon.\nThe living men ofPriyamedha’s race have sungexalting Indra\nwith their lauds.\n9 Bhvuju; seeVol. I., Index. Yatis: an ancient raceof ascetics connected\nwith theBhrigus, and, accordingtoonelegend, saidto havetakenpartin the\nc hr ye mat ni son ofof Both oe kw Io .rld. Praskanva; aIhahi, sonof Rauva, the seer of some\n10 Theworlds: allmen, oralllivingcreatures.\nfo12 CuPa -ur ha ym: ut bh ee es Uu pn llo uf “Ki sn eg sliP eu cn it a.\nU\nJ'J fl avm oa um ra e, dS bt yfm Ih ni dr, a.Sv Oa fr /na sr ta a, nsa in ad\n2\noK fr 'i tp ha\ne"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 755,
            "content": ":: : : ; :\nHTMH\n4.]\nTHERIGVEDA.\n113\n17 Best slayer ofthe Vritras, yoke thy Bay Steeds, Indra, from\nafar.\nCome withthe High Ones hither, Maghavan, to us, Mighty, to\ndrink the Somajuice.\nIS For these, the bards and singers, have cried out to thee with\nprayer, to gain the sacrifice.\nAs such, 0 Maghavan, Indra, who lovest song, even as a lover\nhear my call.\n19 Thou from the lofty plains above, 0 Indra, hurledst Yritra\ndown.\nThou dravest forth the kine ofguileful Mrigaya and Arbuda\nfrom the mountain’s hold. ’\n20 Bright were the flaming fires, the Sun gave forth his shine,\nand Soma, Indra’sjuice, shone clear.\nIndra, thou blewest the great Dragon from the air: men must\nregard that valorous deed.\n21 The fairest courser of them all, who runneth on as ’twere to\nheaven.\nWhich Indra and the Maruts gave, and Pakastli&man Kaura-\nyan,\n22 To me hath Pakasth&mau given, a ruddy horse, good at the\npole,\nFilling his girth and routing wealth\n23 Compared with whom no other ten strong coursers, harnessed\nto the pole,\nBear Tugrya to his dwelling-place.\n24 Baiment is body, food is life, and healing ointment giveth.\nstrength.\nAs the free-handed giver of the ruddy steed, I have named\nPakasthamaiitfourth.\nHYMN\nIY. Indra.\nThough, Indra, thou artcalledbymen eastward andwestward,\nnorth and south,\nThou chiefly art with Anava and Turvasa, brave Champion\n1\nurged by men to come.\n17 High Ones theMaruts.\n18 Togainthesacrifice to ensureitsproperperformanceandtheblessings\nwhichflowfromit.\n19 Mrigaya: seeIV. 16. 18. Arbuda: seeYol. I.,Index.\n20 ThegreatDragon orSerpent,Ahi.\n21 Kauraydn Kauray&na,the son of Kuruy&na. P&kastMman, whose\nliberalityispraisedinstanzas 21—24,isnotmentionedelsewhere.\n23 Tugrya: Bhujyu, sonof Tugra. SeeVol. X., Index.\nI Inava: descendantof theeponymousAnu. Turvasa seeYol,I.,Index*\n8"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 756,
            "content": "—\n; : :\naU TUB HYMNS OF [FOOK Vtlt\n2 Or, Indra, when with Eama, Eusama, Syavaka, and Kyipa\nthou rejoicest thee,\nStill do the Kanvas, bringing praises, with their prayers,\n, 0 Indra, draw thee hither come.\n:\n3 Even as the wild-bull, when he thirsts, goes to the desert’s\nwatery pool,\nCome hither quickly both at morning and ateve, and with the\nKanvas drink thy fill,\n4 May the drops gladden thee, rich Indra, and obtain bounty\nforhim who pours thejuice.\nSoma pressed in the mortar didst thou take and drink, and\nhence hast wonsurpassing might.\n5 With mightier strength he conquered strength, with energy\nhe crushed their wrath.\n0 Indra, Strong in youth, all those who sought the fray bent\nand bowed down to thee like trees.\n~ 6 He who wins promise of thine aid goes girt as with a thou-\nsand mighty men of war.\nHe makes his son preeminent in hero might he serves with\n:\nreverential prayer.\n10\n•7 With thee, the Mighty, for our Friend, wewill not fear or feel\nfatigue.\nMay we see Turvasa and Yadu thygreat deed, 0 Hero,must\n:\nbe glorified.\n8 On his left hip the Hero hath reclined himself: the proffered\nfeast offends him not.\nThe milk is blended with the honey of thebee quickly come\n:\nhither, haste, and drink.\n9 Indra,thyfriendisfairofformandrich inhorses, cars, andkine.\nHe evermore hath food accompanied by wealth, and radian\njoins the company.\nCome like a thirsty antelope to the drinking-place: drink\nSoma to thy heart’s desire. .\n' Earning it down, .0 Maghavan, dayafterday, thou gainestthy\nsurpassing might.\npr. e2 ceF du is na gm ha y, mnSy ,dva Fh ua, maan wd aK sr ai np oa thh ea rv oe fb Ie ne dn ram ’e sn ft ai vo oun re id tesi .n stanza 12 of the\n3 Thewild-bull'! orGaura (Bos Gaums), akind of buffalo.\n7 MayweseeTurvasaandYadu enjoyinghappinessthroughthyfavour,\n$Ayana.\n9 Thyfriend; the man whom thou favourest. Joins the company the\nassemblyof hisequals.\n10 Miningit down pouringdownthetransformedSomainthe shape of\nrain; See VedischcStudien, I, 88,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 757,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN 4.] THE lUGVBDA. 115\n11 Priest, let the Soma juice flow forth, for Indra longs to drink\nthereof.\nHe sle av ye en rn ho aw thh ca oth meyo nk eae rd .h 'is vigorous BaySteeds : the Vritra- *\n12 The man with whom thou fillest thee with Soma deems him-\nself a pious worshipper.\nThis thine appropriate food is herepoured outfor thee\n:\ncome,\nhasten forward, drink of it.\n13 Press out theSomajuice, ye priests, for Indra borne upon his\ncar.\nThe pressing-stones speak loud of Indra, while they shed the\njuice which, offered, honours him. *\n14 To the brown juice may his dear vigorous Bay Steeds bring\nIndra, to our holy task.\nHither let thy Oar-steeds who seek the sacrifice bring thee to\nour drink-offerings.\n15 Pushan, the Lord of ample wealth, for firm alliance we elect. *\nMay he with wisdom, Sakra ! Looser ! Much-invoked l aid us\nto riches and to seed.\n16 Sharpen us like a razor in the barber's hands; send riches\nthouwho settestfree.\nEasy to find with thee are treasures of the Dawn for mortal\nman whom thou dost $peed.\n17 Pushan, I long to win thy love, I long topraise thee, Radiant\nGod.\nExcellent Lord, ’tis strange to me, no wish have I to sing the\npsalm that Pajra sings.\n18 My kine, 0 Radiant God, seek pasture where they will, ray\nduring wealth, Immortal One. *\nBe our protector, Pushan 1 be, mostliberal Lord, propitious to\nour gatheriug strength.\n* 19 Rich was the gift Kurunga gave, a hundredsteeds at morning\nrites.\nAmong the gifts of Turvasas we thought of him, the opulent,\nthe splendid King.\n20 What by his morning songs K&nva, the powerful, hath, with\nthe Priyamedhas, gained\n15 P&shan mayherebeanameof Indra. Looser of thechariot-horse*\nwhenthoucomesttosacrifices or, accordingtoSayana,liberator(fromsin).\n17 Pajra one of the Pajras; , a celebratedpriestlyfamily,withwhom the\nItanvas appearto havebeen onhostileterms. 1»\n19 Kurunga; thisprince’snamedoes notoccuragain*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 758,
            "content": ": ;\n11(5 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\nThe herds of sixty thousand pure and spotless kine, have I,\nthe Eishi, driven away.\n21 The very trees werejoyful at my coming kine they obtained\n:\nin plenty, steeds in plenty.\nhyme\ny. Asvins.\nWhen, even as she were present hei*e, red Dawn hath shone\nfrom far away,\nShe spreadeth light on every side.\n2 Like Heroes on your will-yoked car far-shining, Wonder-\nWorkers ye\nAttend, Q A! svins, on the Dawn.\n3 By you, 0 Lords ofample wealth, our songs of praise have\nbeen observed\n:\nAs envoy have I brought the prayer.\n4 Kanvas must praise the Asvins dear to many, making many\nglad,\nMost rich, that they may succour us,\n5 Most liberal, best at winning strength, inciters, Lords of\nsplendour who\nVisit the worshipper’s abode.\n6 So for devout Sudeva dew with fatnesshis unfailing mead,.\nAnd make itrich for sacrifice. *\n7 Hitherwardrunning speedily with horses, as withrapidhawks,\nCome,Asvins, to our song ofpraise\n:\n8 Wherewith the three wide distances, and all the lights that\nare in heaven\nYe traverse, and three times ofnight.\n9 0 Finders ofthe Day, that we may win us food of kine and\nwealth, •\nOpen the paths for us to tread.\n10 0 Asvins, bringuswealth in kine, in noble heroes, and in cars:\nBring us the strength thathorses give.\n11 Ye Lords ofsplendour, glorified, ye Wonder-Workers borne on\npaths\nOfgold, drink sweets with Somajuice.\n20 Pureandspotless: IfollowS&yana’sinterpretationof nirmajdm,butits\ncorrectnessis atleastdoubtful. Yon Rothsuggests‘to the watering-place*\nasthemeaningof theword, andLudwig‘sothatnoneremainedbehind.*\n—\n3 lordsofample wealth.: ‘affluent in sacrifices.’ Wilson. SeeV. 74. 1.\nAsenvoy as the messengerof thepatron of thesacrifice.\n8 Timesof night\n:\nydmas, night-watchesof three hours —each.\n11 Sweets: ormeath, madhu here, perhaps, themilk, Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 759,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 5.] THE RIQVEJDA, 117\n1.2 To us, ye Lords of ample wealth, and to our wealthy chiefs\nextend\nWide sheltei’, ne’er to be assailed.\n13 Come quickly downward to the prayer of people whom ye\nfavour most\nApproach not unto other folk.\n14 Ye Asvins whom our minds perceive, drink of this lovely\ngladdening draught,\nThe meath which we present to you.\n15 Bring riches hither unto us in huudreds and in thousands,\nsource „\nOfplenteous food, sustaining all.\n16 Verily sagescall on yon, ye Heroes, in full manya place.\nMoved by the priests, 0 Asvins, come.\n17 Men who have trimmed the sacred grass, bringing oblations\nand prepared, *\n0 Asvins, are invoking you.\n18 May this our hymn of praise to-day, most powerful to bring\nyou, be,\n0 Asvins, nearestto your hearts.\n19 The skin fi—lled full of savourymeatb, laid in the pathway of\nyour car #\n0 Asvins, drink ye both therefrom.\n20 For this, ye Lordsofample wealth, bringblessingforourherd,\nour kine,\nOur progeny, and plenteousfood.\n21 Ye too unclose to us like doorsthestrengthening waters of the\nsky,\nAnd rivers, ye»who find the day.\n22 When did the son of Tugra serve you, Men? Abandoned in\nthe sea,\nThat with winged steeds your car mightfly.\n23 Ye, 0 Nasatyas, ministered to Kanva with repeated aid,\nWhen cast into the heated pit.\n16 By thepriests: vdghddbhih: accordingtoS&yana, cwith,horses.’\n19 The Asvins appear tobeinvitedtohaltanddrink fchelibationsprepared\nforthem by theirworshippers,an —dnot,as S&yana explains, todrinkfromthe\nskinsuspendedintheirowncar. Ludwig.\n22 Thesonof Tugra Bhujyu, whoserescuebytheAsvins has frequently\nbeen relatedandreferredto. Themeaningis, I donothonouryouonlywhen\nIamin distress, as otherswhomyouhaveaidedhavedone,\n2$ Ministered to Kanva: seeI, 112. 5, and 118. 7."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 760,
            "content": ":\n118 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK Vim\n24 Come- near with those most recent aids ofyours which merit\neulogy,\nWhen I invoke you, Wealthy Gods.\n25 As ye protected Kanva erst, Priyamedha and Upastuta,\nAtri, Sinjara, Asvins Twain !\n26 And Ansu in decisive fight, Agastya in the fray for kitTe,\nAnd, in his battles, Sobhari.\n27 Forso much bliss, or even more, 0 Asvins, Wealthy Gods,\nthan this,\nWe pray while singing hymns to you.\n28 Ascend your car with golden seat, 0 Asvins, andwith reins\nof gold,\nThat reaches even to the sky.\n29 Golden is its supporting shaft, the axle also isof gold,\nAnd both the wheels are made ofgold.\nrS0 Thereon,ye Lords ofample wealth, come tous evenfrom afar,\nCome ye to this mine eulogy.\n31 Prom faraway ye come to us, Asvins, enjoying plenteous food\nOf Dasas, 0 Immortal Ones.\n32 With splendour, riches, and renown, 0 Asvins, hither come\ntous,\nN&satyas, shining brilliantly.\n33 May dappled horses, steeds who fly with pinions, bring you\nhitherward\nTo people skilled in sacrifice.\n34 The wheel delayeth not that car of yours accompanied by\nsong,\nThat cometh with a store offood.\n35 Borne on that chariot wrought of gold, frith coursers very\nfleet of foot,\ni\nCome, 0 Nasatyas, swift as thought.\n24 Wealthy Gods:themeaningofvrishanvasdisuncertainr 1richinshowers’\nis Sdyana’s explanation, and ‘excellent as*steers’ Prof. Ludwig’s. I follow\nvonRoth, buthisinterpretationisconjectural.\n* S&y2 a5 'iK aa tn av ka e, sP sH iny ja &m re amdh ta o,beUp aa nst eu pt ia th—a en td oA ftr Ati rih ,av ‘e reb pe ee an tim ne gn pt ri aio sn ee s.d ’in BookI.\n26 Avsu: aWorshippersonamed. S&yana. Agastya: appeal'sinI. 117. 11,\nwhereheissaidtohavebeenthe fa—mily-priest of Khela. The great Rishi\n' SA og ba hs at ry ia :is at Rh ie shs ie ,er tho ef seH erym ofns Hy1 m6 n6\ns\n11 99 —1 2o 2f ofBo to hk\nis\nI B. ooS ke .e also VII. 33. 10.\n31 Plenteousfoodof Ddsas themeaning appearstobethat evenfaraway\n*intheeasttheI>£sasornon-AryaninhabitantssacrificetotheAsvins. Sftyana\ne tx hp ela Pi dn ss ast ,he yest ba rn iz na gd ti off ue sre fn otl oy d: fr‘ oI mmm ao fr art .a ’l —A Ws iv li sn os n, ,destroyers of the cities'*!"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 761,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 6.] THE RIQYEJDA . 11$\n36 0 Wealthy Gods, ye taste and findthebrisk and watchful wild\nbeast good.\nAssociate wealth with food for us.\n37 As such, 0 Asvins, find for me my share of new-presented\ngifts,\nAs Kasu, Chedi’s son, gave me a hundred head of buffaloes,\nand ten thousand kine.\n38 He who hath given me for mine own ten Kings like gold to\nlook upon.\nAt Chaidva’s feet are all the people round about, all those\nwho think upon the shield.\n39 No man, not any, goes upon the path on which the Chedis\nwalk.\nNo other prince, no folk is heldmoreliberal ofgiftsthanthey.\nHYMN\nVI. Indra.\nInbba, great inhis power and might, and like Parjanya rich\nin rain,\nIs magnified by Vatsa’s lauds.\n2 When the priests, strengthening the Son ofHoly Law, present\ntheir gifts,\nSingers with Order’s hytpn of praise.\n3 Since Kanvas with theirlauds have made Indra complete the\nsacrifice,\nWords are their own appropriate arms.\n4 Before his hot displeasure all the peoples, all the men, bow\ndown,\nAs rivers bow them to the sea.\n5 This power of*his shone brightly forth when Indra brought\ntogether, like\nA skin, the worlds of heaven and earth.\n36 Accordingto S&yauathewatchfulwild beastisthetheSomawhichmust\nbechasedorsoughtafterbytheGods. Ludwigwould readsvapatho,with a\nit nra tn hsi et miv oe rna in nd gca su es na dl tm oe sa ln eei png t, hein ws it le dad beao sf tssv ta hd aa ttk ho a,vi\ne\ne be,ey ne aw wh ae kn\ne\ny ale la np ip ge ha tr\n.\nThestanzaisobscure.\n37 Buffaloes/ orcamels.\nbf3 C8 heT dh ii .sst Wa hn oza ta hp ip ne ka ur ps ot no tb he es sp hio ek le dnb wy hK oa as ru ew prh ao cti is sc ea dll ie nd wC eh aa ri id ny ga ao rr mos uo rn\nofleather, accordingto S&yaua.\n....\n3 Words are their own appropriate arms; 'they declare all weapon*\nneedless.’—'Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 762,
            "content": ":: ; : : :\n120 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIJL\n6 The fiercely-moving Vritras headhesevered with his thunder-\nbolt,\nHis mighty hundred-knotted bolt.\n— —\n7 Here are we sing them loudly forth our thoughts among\nthe best of songs,\nEven lightnings like the blaze of fire.\n8 When hidden thoughts, spontaneously advancing, glow, and\nwith the stream\nOf sacrifice the Kanvas shine.\n9 Indra, may we obtain that wealth in horses and in herds of\ncows,\nAnd prayer that may be noticed first.\n10 1 from my Father have received deep knowledge of the Holy\nLaw\nI was born like unto the Sun.\n11 After the lore of ancient time I make, like Kanva, beauteous\nsongs,\nAnd Indra’s self gains strength thereby.\n12 Whatever Rishis have not praised thee, Indra, or have lauded\nthee,\nBy me exalted wax thou strong.\n13 When his wrath thundered, when he rent Vritra to pieces,\nlimb by limb, #\nHe sent the waters to the sea.\n14 Against the Dasyu Susbna thou, Indra, didst hurl thy during\nbolt\nThou, Dread One, hast ahero's fame.\n15 Neither the heavens nor firmaments nor regions of the earth\ncontain\nr\nIndra, the Thunderer with his might.\n16 0 Indra him who lay at length staying* thy copious waters\nthou,\nIn his own footsteps, smotest down.\n17 Thoii hiddest deep in darkness him, 0 Indra, who had set his\ngrasp\nOn spacious heaven and earth conjoined.\n10 FrommyFather ‘from Indra, thetrueprotector,’according toS^yana.\n12 Havenot—praisedthee havenotpraised thee yet, that is, will praise\ntheehereafter. Ludwig.\n16 Inhisownfootsteps or, inthe(waters)at hisfeet. ‘Intotherushing\nstreams.’—Wilson.\n17 Conjoined liketwohowlsturnedtowardseach other."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 763,
            "content": ";:: ; ;\nHYMN 6.] THE RIGVEJDA. 121\n18 Indra, whateverYatis and Bhrigus have offered praise to thee,\nListen, thou Mighty, to my call.\n19 Indra, these spotted cows yield thee their butter andthe\nmilky draught,\nAiders, thereby, of sacrifice\n20 Which, teeming, have received thee as a life-germ, Indra, with\ntheir mouth,\nLike Surya whosustaineth all.\n21 0 Lord of Might, with hymns of praise the Kanvas have\nincreased thy power,\nThe drops poured forth have strengthened thee.\n22 Under thy guidance, Indra, mid thypraises, LordrofThunder,\nshall\nThe sacrifice be stxoo performed.\n23 Indra, disclose much food for us, like a stronghold with store\nofkine\nGive progeny and heroic strength,\n24 And, Indra, grant us all that wealth offleet steeds which\nshone bright ofold\nAmong the tribes ofNahushas.\n25 Hither thou seemest to attract heaven’s fold which shines be-\nfore our eyes,\nWhen, Indra, thou art kind to us.\n26 Yea, when thouputtest forththy power, Indra, thou governest\nthe folk,\nMighty, unlimited in strength.\n27 The tribes who bring oblations call to thee, to thee to give\nthem help,\nWith drops to thee who spreadestfar.\n28 There where the mountains downward slope, there by the\nmeeting ofthe streams\nThe Sage was manifest with song,\n29 Thence, marking, from his lofty place downward he looks\nupon the sea,\nAnd thence with i*apid stir he moves.\n—\n18 Yatis; ‘pioussages.’ -Wilson, Angirases, accordingto Sftyana.\n20 Thestanzais unintelligibletome. Bayanasaysthat‘’thee’meansIndra\nin theshape of thegrasswhichhisfertilizing energycausesto grow, andjby\nfeedingonwhich thecowsmultiply. Thisenergyof Indra’sisall-supporting\nlikethesun. See Wilson’snote. Ludwigproposesan alterationof thetext.\n24 Tribes of Nuhushas or,perhaps, theneighbouringtribes.\n28 The Sage Indra. *S4yana’sconclusion of thepurport of theverseis,\nthat —men oughtto sacrificein thoseplaceswhere Indraissaidtobemanifest'\n©d.’ Wilson,\n29 Thesea thereservoirofSomaJuice,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 764,
            "content": ":: :\nm\ntee hymns of [BOOK VIII,\n30 Then, verily, they seethe light refulgent ofprimeval seed,\nKindled on yonder side ofheaven.\n31 Indra, the Kanvas all exalt thy wisdom and thy manly\npower,\nAnd, Mightiest thine heroic strength.\n!\n32 Accept this eulogy of mine, Indra, and guard me carefully : .\nStrengthen my thought and prosper it.\n33 For thee, 0 Mighty, Thunder-armed, wesingersthroughdevo-\ntion have\nFashioned the hymn that we maylive.\n31 To Indra have the Kanvas sung, like waters speeding down\na slop#:\nThe song is fain to go tohim.\n35 As rivers swell the ocean, soour hymns ofpraise make Indra\nstrong,\nEternal, of resistless wrath.\n^36 Come with thy lovely Bay Steeds, come to us from regionsfar\naway\n:\n0 Indra, drink this Somajuice.\n37 Best slayer of the Vritras, men whose sacred grass is ready\ntrimmed\nInvokethee for the gain of spoil.\n38 The heavens and earth come after thee as the wheel follows\nEtasa\nTo thee flow Soma-drops effused.\n39 Rejoice, 0 Indra, in the light, rejoice in Saryanaveln, be\nGlad in the sacrificer's hymn.\n40 Grown strong in heaven, the Thunder-armed hath bellowed,\nVritra-slayer, Bull, r :\nChiefdrinker of the Soma juice.\n41 Thou art a Rishi born ofold, sole Ruler overall by might\nThou, Indra, guardest well our wealth.\n42 May thy Bay Steeds with beauteous backs, a hundred, bring\nthee to the feast,\nBring thee to these our Soma-draughts.\n43 The Kanvas with their hymns of praise have magnified this\nancient thought\nThat swells with streams of meath and oil.\n* 30 Thelight theSunwhichislightedupbeyondtherangeofmen’ssight.\n38 AsthewheelfollowsEtasa; asthechariotof theSun follows thehorse\ntha 3t 9d Sr aa rw ys anit ^. vdn saidtobealakeand district i#n Kurukahetra. See _ i* oqt/\nH,note. * '"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 765,
            "content": "—\n: , : ;\nETMiV 7.] TEE RIQVEDA. 123\n44 Mid mightiest Gods let mortal man choose Indra at the\nsacrifice,\nIndra, whoe’er would win, fbr help.\n45 Thy steeds, by Priyamedhas praised, shall bring thee, God\nwhom all invoke,\nHither to drink the Somajuice.\n;\n46 A hundred thousand have I gained from Parsu, from\nTirindira,\nAnd presents oftheYadavas.\n47 Ten thousand head ofkiue, aud steeds three times a hundred\nthey bestowed\nOn Pajra for the S&ma-song.\n48 Kakuha hath reached up toheaven, bestowing buffaloes yoked\nin fours.\nAnd matched in fame the Y&davas.\nHYMN\nVII. Marut*.-\n0 Maruts, when the sage hath poured the Trishtup forth as\nfood for you,\nYe shine amid the mountain-clouds.\n2 When, Bright Ones, fain to show your might ye have deter-\nmined on your course,\nThe mountain-clouds ha?e bent them down.\n3 Loud roaring with the winds the Sons of Prisni have upraised\nthemselves\n:\nThey have poured out the streaming food.\n4 The Maruts spread the mist abroad and make the mountains\nrock and reel,\nWhen with the winds they go their way\n5 What time theVivers aud the hills before your oomiug bowed\nthem down,\nSo to sustain your mighty force.\n46 From Parsu from JTirindira 'from Tirindira the son of Parsu.’\nW ii mls Vo en d. iscB heo nth Rn ita um, ae lsa pr pe .Ir 3a 6n —ia 3n 8(c (f S. itT zi ur nid ga st be es r, icP her ts ea) d. erS Ke .e PW .eb Ae kr a’ ds ei mS ip eisc dA ee rs\nWissenschaften, 1891, XXXVIII).\nYddavas orYadus, descendants of theheroYadu.\n47 Pajra; seeVIII.4, 17.\n48 Kakuha ; or,theloftyone,meaningTirindira. Buffaloes: orcamel*,\n1 The Trishtup; according to one of S&yana’s three interpretations, the\nSomaofferingatthemiddaylibationaccompanied byhymns in the Trishtup\nmetre. . . . ;’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 766,
            "content": ": : :\n324 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n,\n6 We callon youfor aid by night, on you for succour inthe day,\nOn you while sacrifice proceeds.\n7 These, verily, wondrous, red of hue, speed on their courses\nwith a roar\nOver the ridges ofthe sky.\n8 With might they drop the loosened rein so that the Sun may\nrun his course,\nAnd spread themselves with beams oflight.\n9 Accept, ye Maruts, this my song, accept ye this mine hymn\nofpraise,\nAccept, Ribhukshans, this my call.\n10 The dappled Cows have poured three lakes, meath for the\nThunder-wielding God,\nFrom the great cask, the watery cloud.\n11 0 Maruts, quicklycome to us when,longing for felicity,\nWe call you hither from the sky.\n\"1*2 For, Rudras and Ribhukshans, ye, Most Bountiful, are in the\nhouse,\nWise when the gladdening draught is drunk.\n13 0 Maruts,send us down from heaven riches distilling raptur-\nous]oy,\nWith plenteous food, sustaining all.\n14 When, Bright Ones, hither from the hills ye have resolved to\ntake your way,\nYe revel in the drops effused.\n15 Man should solicit with his lauds happiness which belongs to\nthem,\nSogreat a band invincible.\n16 They who like fiery sparks with showers of<rain blow through\nthe heaven and earth,\nMilking the spring that never fails.\n17 With chariotsand tumultuous roar, with tempests and with\nhymns ofpraise\nThe Sons ofPrisni hurry forth.\n18 For wealth, we think ofthat wherebyyeaided Yadu, Turvasa,\nAnd Kanva who obtained the spoil.\n8 Theydroptheloosenedrein theyspeedforwardtoprepare the way for\ntheSun.\n9 Ribhukshans; MightyOnes, accordingtoS&yana.\n10 Thedappled Cows the^Maruts. Three lakes threelargeSoma recep-\ntt hac ele Ms a, rt uh te sf h) ar vo ena pk oal ua rs ea dt dth oe wnAd ah ba uv na dn at ny ta , wa atn ed rth fe roP mHt ta hbh eri rat i, n-cT lh oue d.meaningis,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 767,
            "content": ": :\nHTMN 7.] THE ElGYEEA. lis\n19 May these our viands Bounteous Ones ! that flow in streams\nlike holy oil,\nWith K ftnva'a hymns, increase your might.\n20 Where, Bounteous Lords for whom the grass is trimmed are\nye rejoicing now ? ' 5\nWhat Brahman is adoring you 1\n21 Is it not there where ye ofold, supplied with sacred grass,\nfor lauds\nInspired the strong in sacrifice\n22 They brought together both the worlds, the mighty waters,\nand the Sun,\nAnd, joint byjoint, the thunderbolt.\n23 They sundered Vritra limb from limb and split the gloomy\nmountain-clouds,\nPerforming an heroic deed.\n24 They reinforced the power and strengthof Trifca ashe fought,\nand helped\nIndra in battle with the foe.\n25 They deck themselves for glory, bright, celestial, lightning in\ntheir hands,\nAnd helms of gold upon their heads.\n26 When eagerlyyefromfarawaycame to thecavernofthe Bull,\nHe bellowed in his fearlike Heaven.\n27 Borne by your golden-footed steeds, 0 Gods, come hitherto\nreceive\nThe sacrifice we offer you.\n28 When the red leader draws along their spotted deer yoked to\nthe car.\nThe Bright Ones come, and shed therain.\n29 Sushoma, Saryan&van, and Arjikafull of homes, have they,\nThese Heroes, sought with downward car.\n19 WithK&nva’shymns: hymns of theBishiPunarvatsa, a descendant of\nKanva.\n21 Thestronginsacrifice the Mayhavans, wealthyworshippers.\nfw oi\net2 h4\nI\noT rnr ,di\nr\ntt\na\noa\n,\no:\nV\nvfa\net\nryV cue\n,\nod mi\na\nec\nnd\nVde rti it\nh\nty\ne\nr,\nai\n.;\n‘\nvv - \\---*\" V1-\n.\nt I.h ,ir Id ndf eo xr .m,g Ie nner ba al ttl ly eas ws io tc hiat te hed\n26 The cavern of the Ball: perh—aps, the hollow of the rain-cloud; ‘the\nopeningof therainy (firmament).’ Wilson.\n28 Leader: orside-horse.\n29 Saryavdv&n;Ahasoccurredbefore(seeI. 84. 14,andVIII 6. 39) asthe\nname of alake. Arjikais saidby S&yanatobethenameof a district, and\nhe takessushfana(containingexcellentSoma)tobeanadjectivequalifymgifc.\nSee Zimmer, AltindischesLebcn , p. 19."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 768,
            "content": ": :;\n123 fStHYMNS OP [BOOK Till\n30 When, Manats, will ye come to him, thesinger who invokes\nyou thus,\nWith favours to your suppliant1\n31 What now ? where have ye still a friend sinceye left Indra all\nalone ?\nWho counteth on your friendship now ?\n32 The Kanvas Bing forth Agni’s praise together with our\nManats' who\nWield thunder and wear swords ofgold.\n33 Hither for new felicity may I attract the Impetuous Ones,\nThe Herpes with their wondrous strength.•\n34 Before them sink the very hills deeming themselves abysses\nyea,\nEven the mountains bend them down.\n35 Steeds flying on their tortuous path through mid-air carry\nthem, and give\nThe man who lauds them strength and life.\n36 Agni wasborn-the firstofall, like Sfirya lovely with his light\nWith lustre these have spread abroad. u\nHYMN\nVIII. Asvln*.\nWith all the succours that areyours, 0 Asvins, hithercome\nto us :\nWonderful, borne on paths of gold, drink ye the meath with\nSomajuice.\n2 Come now, ye Asvins, on your car decked with a sun-bright\ncanopy,\nBountiful, with your golden forms, Sages with depth of\nintellect.\n3 Come hither from the Nahushas, come, drawn by pure hymns,\nfrom mid-air.\n0 Asvins, drink the savoury juice shed in the Kanvas'\nsacrifice.\nSI LeftIndraallalone?; Thisismerelyarhetorical questionmeaning, ye\nneverdiddeserthim. TheMaruts alonestood by him whenhe foughtwith\nYritra.\n86 Withlustre thesehave spread abroad ‘then they (the Maruts) stood\nroundintheirradiance.’ ‘TheScholiastintimates that this verse refers to\nthe cere —mony called Agnimdruta, whenAgniisfirst worshipped, then the\nMaruts! Wilson,\n3 Prom the Nahushasr or, according to others, from the n *eighbouring\npeople."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 769,
            "content": ": :\nMYMX\n8.] •\nTEE marEDA.\n127\n4 Come to us hither from the heavens, come from mid-air, well-\nlovedby us\n:\nHere Kanva’s son hath pressed for you the pleasant meath of\nSoma juice.\n5 Come, Asvins, to give ear to ns, to drink the Soma, Asvins,\ncome.\nHail, Strengthened of the praise-song speed onward, ye\n!\nHeroes, with your thoughts.\n6 As, Heroes, in the olden time the Eishis called you to their\naid,\nSonow, 0 Asvins, come to us, come near to this mine eulogy*\n7 Even from the luminous sphere of heaven come to us, ye who\nfind the light,\nCarers for Yatsa, through our prayers and lauds, 0 ye who\nhear our call.\n8 Do others more than we adore the Asvins with their hymns\nof praise?\nThe HiskiYatsa, Kanva’s son, hath magnified you with his\nsongs.\n9 The holysingerwithhishymnshathcalledyou, Asvins, hither-\nward\n;\nBest Yritra-slayers, free from stain, as such bring us felicity.\n1.0 What time, ye Lords of\\mple wealth, the Lady mounted on\nyour car,\nThen, 0 ye Asvins, ye attained all wishes that your hearts\ndesired.\n11 Come thence, 0 Asvins, on your car that hath a thousand\nornaments\nYatsa the sage, the sage’s son, hath sung a song of sweets to\nyou.\n12 Cheerers of many, rich in goods, discoverers of opulence,\nThe Asyins, Riders through the sky, have welcomed this my\nsong of praise.\n13 0 Asvins, grant us all rich gifts wherewith no man may'\ninterfere.\nMakeus observethestatedtimes giveus not overtoreproach.\n:\n14 Whether, N&satyas, ye be nigh, or whether ye be far away,\nCome thence, 0 Asvins, on your car that hath a thousand\nornaments.\nHy7 mC nar Ye Ir .s of for thiV sat Bs oa ok.yewhofavour and provide for Yatsa, the Rishi of .\n10 TheLady ; Stiryi, Daughterof theSun* See. 1. 110. 17."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 770,
            "content": ":; : ::\n123 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n15 Vatsa the Eishi with his songs, Msatyas, hath exalted you\nGrant him rich food distilling oil, graced with a thousand\nornaments.\n16 Bestow on him, 0 Asvins, food that strengthens, and that\ndrops withoil,\nOn him who praises you forbliss, and, Lords of bounty, prays\nfor wealth.\n17 Come tous, ye who slay the foe, Lords ofrich treasure, to\nthis hymn.\n0 Heroes, give us high renownand these good things of earth\nfor help.\n18 The Priyamedhas have invoked you with all succours that\nareyours,\nYou, Asvins, Lords of solemn rites, with calls entreating you\nto come.\n19 Come to us, Asvins, ye whobring felicity, auspicious Ones,\nTo Yatsa who with prayer and hymn, lovers ofsong, hath\nhonoured you.\n20 Aid us, 0 Heroes, for those hymns for which ye helped\nGosarya erst,\nGave Vasa, Dasavraja aid, and Kanva and MedhUtithi\n;\n21 And favoured Trasadasyu, ye Heroes, in spoil-deciding fray\nForthese, 0 Asvins, graciously assistus inacquiringstrength.\n22 0 Asvins, may pure hymns of ours, and songs and praises,\nhonour you\nBest slayers everywhere of foes, as such we fondly yearn\nforyou.\n23 Three places ofthe Asvins, erst concealed, are made apparent\nnow.\nBoth Sages, with the flight of Law come hither unto those\nwho live.\nHYMN\nIX. Asvins.\nTo helpandfavour Yatsanow, 0 Asvins, come yehitherward.\nBestow on him a dwelling spacious and secure, and keep\nmalignities away.\n20 Qo&arya : saidbyS&yanatobeaname of Sayu. SeeI. 116, 22. Fusa\nand Dasavrajaareknownonlyasprotfydsof theAsvins.\n21 Trasadasyu seeVol. I., Index.\n23 Threeplaces according to Sayana, the three wheels of the Asvins’\nchariotareintended. Thethreeplacescanonlybe heaven, firmament, and\nearth, hiddenduringthedarknessof nightand madevisible by the coming\nof theAsvinsandDawn.\n1 Vatsa: apparently another name of jSasakarna, called also Kanva or\ndescendantof Kanva, theKishiof thehymn*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 771,
            "content": "; ;: : :\nHYMN 9.] THE MG VEDA . 329\n2 All manliness that is in heaven, with the Five Tribes, or in\nmid-air,\nBestow, ye Asvins, upon ns.\n3 Remember Kanva first of all among the singers, Asvins, who\nHave thought upon your wondrousdeeds.\n4 Asvins, for youwith songof praisethis hot oblation iseffused,\nThis yoursweetSomajuice, yeLordsof amplewealth, through\nwhich ye think upon the foe.\n5 Whatever ye have done in floods, in the tree, Wonder-Wor-\nkers, and in growing plants,\nTherewith, 0 Asvins, succour me.\n6 What force, Nasatyas, ye exert, whatever, Gods, ye tend and\nheal,\nThis your own Vatsa gains not by his hymns alone ye visit\nhim who offers gifts. :\n7 How hath the Rishi splendidly thought out the Alvins*\nhymn of praise.\n10 Let the Atharvan pour the warm oblation forth, and Soma\nvery rich in sweets.\n8 Ye Asvins, now ascend your car that lightly rolls upon its\nway.\nMay these my praises make you speedhitherward like a cloud\n* of heaven.\n9 When, 0 Nasatyas, we this day make you speed hither with\nour hymus,\nOr, Asvins, with our songs of praise, remember EAnva\nspecially.\nAs erstKakshivanand the RishiVyasva, as erst Dlrghatamas\ninvoked you^presence,\nOr, in th.e sacrificial chambers, YainyaPrithi, so be ye mind-\nful of us here, 0 Asvins.\n3 Thoughtupon: ortouchedupon,handled.\n4 Thinlcuponthefoe: planthp destructionof thedemon of darkness.\n5 Whateverye have done: Professor Wilson paraphrases after S&yana\n*preserveme withthat (healingvirtue) depositedby you in the waters/in\nthetrees, in theherbs/\n7 TheAtharvan thepriestwhohasspecialchargepfthefireandtheSom^.\nIfollowLudwigin taking dtharvaniasanominativeand notasalocativeas\nS&yana does: ‘hewill sprinkle—the sweet-flavoured Soma and the gharnm\n*(oblation) on theAtharvanfire.’ Wilson.\n10 Kalcshtvtn seeI. 18. 1. Vyasva see I. 112. 15. Dirghatamas: see Voh\nL, Index. Vaiaya sonof Vena. ’Pnthi ; thefirstanointedking.\n9"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 772,
            "content": ":: : :!\n130 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK YUL\n11 Come as home-guardians, saving ns from foemen, guarding\nour living creatures and our bodies,\nCome to the house to give us seed and offspring,\n12 Whether with Indra ye be faring, Asvins, or resting in one\ndwelling-place with Vayu,\nIn concord with the Bibhus or Adityas, or standingstill in\nVishnu’sstriding-places.\n13 When I, 0 Asvins, call on you to-day that I may gather\nstrength,\nOr as all-conquering might in war,be that theAsvins5 noblest\ngrace.\n14 Now conie, ye Asvins, hitherward: here are oblations set\nfor you\n;\nThese Soma-draughtsto aid Yaduand Turvasa, these offered\nyou mid Kanva’s sons.\n15 Whatever healing balm is yours, Nasatyas, near or far away.\nTherewith,great Sages, grant ahome to Vatsaandto Vimada.\n16 Together with the Goddess, with the Asvins5 Speech have I\nawoke.\nThou, Goddess, hast disclosed the hymn, and holy gift from\nmortal men.\n17 Awake the Asvins, GoddessDawn Up Mighty Lady ofsweet\n\"!\nstrains\n!\nBise, straightway, priest of sacrifice High glory to the\nS\ngladdening draught\n18 Thou, Dawn, approaching with thy light shinest together\nwith the Sun,\nAndtothisman-protectinghomethechariotoftheAsvinscomes.\n19 When yellow stalks give forththe juice, as cows from udders\npour their milk,\nAnd voices sound the song of praise, the Asvins5worshippers\nshow first..\n20 Forward for glory and for strength, protection that shall\nconquer men,\nAnd power and skill, most sapient Ones !\n11 Our living creatures: ourdependentsand ourcattle.\n12 Vishnu’sstriding-places fromwhichhe made his three great strides\nthroughearth, firmament,andheaven.\n13 That: thegrantingof myrequest. —\n15 Andto Vimada: asyedidtoVimada. Sdyana. SeeVol. I., Index.\n16 The Goddess Dawn, TheAsvins’ Speech: VftkorSpeechwhoglorifies'\nthe 19As Yv ei ln ls ow; si. tae l. kt she oh fy Sm on mt aha pt lap nr ta si .sesthem.\n20 Forwardforglory advance and cometogiveusglory, etc."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 773,
            "content": ": :\nnYMJST 11.] TEE MOVED A. 101\n21 When, Asvins, worthy of ourlauds,”ye seat-youin thefather’s\nhouse.\nWith wisdom or the bliss ye bring.\nHYMN\nX. Asvins.\nWhether ye travel far away or dwell in yonder lightof\nheaven,\nOr in a mansion that is built above the sea, come thence, ye\nAsvins, hitherward.\n2 Or if forManuyepreparedthesacrifice, remember alsoKanva’s\nson.\nI call Brihaspati, Indra, Vishnu, allthe Gods, the Asvinsborne\nby rapid steeds.\n3 Those Asvins I invoke who work marvels, brought hither\nto receive,\nWith whom our friendship is most famed, and kinship passing\nthat of Gods.\n4 On whom the solemn rites depend, whose worshippers rise\nwithout the Sun\n:\nThese who foreknow the holy work of sacrifice, and by their\nGodhead drink the sweets of Soma juice.\n&\nb Whether ye, Lords of ample wealth, now linger in the east\nor west,\nWith Druhyu, or with*Anu, Yadu, Turvsa, I call you hither\n;\ncome to me.\n6 Lords of great riches,whether through the firmament ye fly\nor speed through heaven and earth,\nOr with your Godlike natures stand upon your cars, come\nthence* 0 Asvins, hitherward.\nHYMN\n* XI. Agrn.\nThou, Agni, God mid mortal men, art guard of sacred rites,\nthou art\nTo be adored at sacrifice.\n21 In thefather'shouse: in thesacrificialhall of the fatherof the family,\nthewealthy householderwhoinstitutesthesacrifice. This stanzaisaconti-\nnuation*of 19, althoughtheconnexionisinterruptedbytheinterveningstanza.\n1 Abovethesea: abovetheoceanof air.\n3 Toreceive ouroblations.\n4 Withoutthesun Sftyanaexplainsastirti differently, connecting in with\nMriinsteadof —dtra: {of whomthereareworshippersin aplacewherethere\nisnoworship,* Wilson.\n5 Druhyu and the other names stand for the tribes called after these\nancientchieftains. SeeVol.I., Index.\nThe hymn is translated ip Max Muller’s History of Ancient Sanskrit\nLiterature."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 774,
            "content": ": : :\nw\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK riJL\n2 0 Mighty Agni, thou must be glorified at ourfestivals,\nBearing our offerings to the Gods.\n3 0 Jatavedas Agni, fightand drive our foes afar from us,\nThem and theirgodless enmities.\n4 Thou, Jatavedas, seekest not the worship of a hostile man,\nHowever nigh it be to thee.\n5 We sages, mortals as we are, adore the mighty name ofthee,\nImmortal Jatavedas7 name.\n6 Sages, we calltheSagetohelp, mortals,wecalltheGod toaid :\nWe call on Agni with our songs.\n7 May Vats&draw thy mind away even from thy loftiest dwel-\n10 ling-place,\nAgni, with song that yearns for thee.\n8 Thou art the same in many a place : mid all the people thou\nart Lord.\nIn fray andfight wecall on thee.\n9 When we are seeking strength we call Agni to help us in\nthe strife,\nThe giver of rich gifts inwar.\nAncient, adorable at sacrifices, Priestfrom of old, meet for our\npraise, thousittest.\nFill full and satisfy thy body, Agni, and win us happiness by\noffering worship.\nHYMN\nXII. India.\nJoy, Mightiest Indra, known and marked, sprung most from\nSoma-draughts, wherewith\nThou smitest down the greedy fiend, for that wejong.\n2 Wherewith thou holpestAdhrigu, the great Dasagva, and\nthe God •\nWho stirs the sunlight, and the sea, for thatw.e long.\n3 Wherewith thou dravest forthlike cars Sindhu and all the\nmighty floods\nTo go the way ordainedby Law, for that we long,\n2 BearingourofferingstotheQo<$s:literally, ‘thecharioteerofsolemn rites/\n1 Joy: mddah: therapturousexhilarationproducedin Indraby drinking\ntheSoma juice. For that we long: the short refrain or burden which\ngenerallyconcludeseachstanza of each triplet of this hymn is sometimes\nratherlooselyattachedandcannotalwaysbeclearlybroughtoutintheproper\nplaceintranslation.\n2 Adhrigu accordingtoS&yanaaRi^hisonamed. See1.112.20.Dasagva\noneof thepriestlyfamily connected with, or identical with, the Angirasea\n‘theaccomplisherof theten (months’ rite).’—Wilson. Ludwig thinks that\nDasagvaheremayjuiean the Sun. Thesea of air."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 775,
            "content": "—\n: :: :\nHYMN 12 THE MIGVEDA. 135\n.)\n4 Accept this laud for aid, made pure like oil, thou Caster of\nthe Stone,\nWhereby even in a moment thou hast waxen great.\n5 Be pleased, Song-lover, with this song ; it hows abundant\nlike the sea.\nIndra, with all thy succours thou hast waxen great.\n6 The God who from afar hath sent gifts to maintain our\nfriendship’s bond,\nThou, spreading themlike rain from heaven, hast waxen great,\n7 The beams that mark him have grown strong, the thunder\nrests between his arms, w\nWhen, like the Sun, he hath increasedbothHeavenandEarth.\n8 When, Mighty Lord of Heroes, thou didst eat a thousand\nbuffaloes,\nThen grew and waxed exceeding great thine Indra-power.\n9 Indra consumeth with the rays ofSdrya the malicious man:\nLike Agni conquering the woods, he hath*grownstrong.\n10 This newest thought of ours that suits the time approaches\nunto thee\nServing, beloved in many a place, it metes and marks.\n11 The pious germof sacrifice directly purifies the soul.\nBy Indra’s lauds it waxqs great, it metes and marks.\n12 Indra who wins the friend hath spread himself to drink the\nSoma-draught\nLike worshipper’sdilating praise it metes and marks.\nP\n13 He whom the sages, living men, have gladdened, offering up\ntheir hymns,\nHath swelled like oil of sacrifice inAgni’s mouth.\n8 Didst eat athousandbuffaloes thebu—ffaloesprobablyrepresenttheclouds\nwhich the Sun dissipates—or consumes. Ludwig. ‘When thou hast slain\nthousandsof mightyfoes.’ Wilson.\n10 Itmetesandmarks definesanddiscriminates Indra’sgoodqualities.\nS&yana.\n11 The germ ofsacrificeisprobablythewishthatpromptstheoffering.\nSiiyanaexplainsdifferently: iThedevctlfc pi’&iBer of the adorable (Tnclra)\npurifies in due successionthe offering (of theSoma) withsiicmd hymns he\nmagnifies(themightofIndra; heverilyproclaimsthe;measure(of his'merits)/\n12 Worshipper'sdilatingpraise: I follow S&yana : butthestanzaisunin-\ntelligible tome. ‘Indra, thebenefactorof hisfriend (the worshipper), lma\nSurgedhimself to drinktheSoma, inlike—mannerasthepiouspraisedilates\nandproclaims the measure of his merits/ Wilson. The meaning of vff&i\n(praise, according toSftyana)is uncertain. Yon Roth thinks that the two\npress-stones are meant,and others explainitasthe sword, knife,oraxeused\ninsacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 776,
            "content": ":: ;\n184 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIIL\n14 Aditi also hath “broughtforth ahymnfor Indra, SovranLord :\nThe work of sacrifice for help is glorified.\n15 Theministeringpriestshavesungtheirsongsforaidandeulogy;\nGod, thy Bays turn not from the rite which Law ordains.\n16 If, Indra, thou drink Soma by Vishnu's or Trita Aptya's side*\nOr withthe Maruts take delight in flowing drops\n17 Or, Sakra, if thou gladden thee afar orin the sea of air,\nRejoice thee in this juice of ours, in flowing drops.\n18 Or, Lord of Heroes, if thou aid the worshipper who sheds the\njuice,\nOr him whose laud delights thee, and his flowing drops.\n19 To magnify the God, the God, I—ndra, yea, Indrafor yourhelp,\nAnd promptly end the sacrifice this have they gained.\n20 With worship, him 'whom men adore, with Soma, him who\ndrinks it most, —\nIndra with lauds have they increased this have they gained.\n21 His leadings are with power and might and his instructions\nmanifold\nHe gives the worshipper all wealth : this have they gained.\n22 For slaying Vritra have the Gods set Indra in the foremost\nplace.\nIndra the choral bands have sung,\"for vigorous strength.\n23 We to the Mighty with ourmight, with lauds to him who\nhears our call,\nWith holy hymns have sung aloud, forvigorous strength.\n24 Not earth, nor heaven, nor firmaments codtain the Thunder-\nwielding God\n:\nThey shakebefore his violent rush and vigorous strength.\n25 Whattime theGods, 0Indra, setthee foreifiost in the furious\nfight,\nThen thy two beautiful Bay Steeds carried thee on.\n26 When Vritra, stayer of the floods, thou slewest, Thunderer\nwith might,\n.\nThen thy two beautiful Bay Steeds carried thee on.\n27 When Vishrm, through thine energy, strode wide those three\ngreat steps of his,\nThen thy two beautiful Bay Steeds carried thee on.\n28 When thy two beautiful Bay Steeds grew great and greater\nday by day,\nEven then all creatures that had life bowed down to thoo.\n1^ TritaAptya sec VIII, 7. 24,note. Hereheappears asthepreparerof\ncelestialSomaforIndra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 777,
            "content": ":: :\nHYMN 13.] THE RIGVEDA. 135\n20 When,Indra, alltheMarutfolkhumblysubmittedthemtothee,\nEven then all creatures that hadlife bowed down to thee.\n30 When yonder Sun, that brilliant light, thou settest in the\nheaven above,\nEven then all creatures that hadlife bowed down to thee.\n31 Tothee,0Indra, with this thought the sageliftsupthiseulogy,\nAkin and leading as on foot to sacrifice.\n32 When in thine own dear dwelling all gathered have lifted up\nthe voice\nMilk-streams atworship’s central spot, for sacrifice,\n33 As Priest, 0 Indra, give us wealth in brave men and good\nsteeds and kine\nThat we may first remember thee for sacrifice.\nHYMN\nXIII. Indra.\nIndra, when Soma juices flow, makes his mind pure and meet\nfor lauds.\nHe gains thepower thatbrings success, for great is he.\n2 In heaven’s first region, inthe seat of Gods, is he who brings\nsuccess,\nMost glorious, prompt to save, who wins the water-floods.\n3 Him, to win strength, have I invoked, even Indra mighty for\nthe fray.\nBe thou most near to us for bliss, a Friend to aid.\n4 ludra, Song-lover, here fortheethe worshipper’s libationflows\nRejoicing in this sacred grass thou shinest forth.\n5 Even now, 0 Indra, give us that which, pressing juice, we\ncrave of thee.\nBring us weall^imanifold whichfinds the light of heaven.\n6 What time the zealous worshipper hathboldly sung his songs\nto thee,\nLike branches of a tree up-grows what they desire.\n7 Generate songs even as of old, give ear unto the singer’s call\nThou for the pious hast grown great at each carouse.\n31 Thesecondlineisdifficult. Wilson,following S&yana, paraphrasesthe\nstanza; ‘The wise (worshipper), Indra, offers thee this gratifying sincere\npraisealongwithpiousrites atthesacrifice, as (a man places) a kinsman in\n(aprominent) position/\n32 Milk-streams thesweetly-flowinghymns.\nWilsonremarks\n:\nfThisisprobablyan ancienthymn,bothbyitsrepetitions\nand combination ofsimplicityandobscurity/\n7 Generatesongs bygrantingthe prayersof the singers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 778,
            "content": "—\n: : :: ; :\n136 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK FIJI\n8 Sweet strains that glorify him play like watersspeeding down\na slope,\nYea, him who in this song is called the Lord of Heaven\n9 Yea, who alone is called theLord, the singleEuler of thefolk,\nBy worshippers seeking aid: may he joy in the draught.\n10 Praise him, the Glorious, skilled in song, Lord of the two\nvictorious Bays\n:\nThey seek the worshipper's abode who bows in prayer.\n11 Put forth thy strength: with dappled Steeds come, thou of\nmighty intellect,\nWith swift Steeds to the sacrifice, for 'tis thy joy.\n12 Grant wealth to those who praise thee, Lord of Heroes,\nMightiest Indra give\n:\nOurprinces everlasting fame and opulence.\n13 1 call theewhentheSunisrisen, I call theeatthenoonofday :\nWith thy car-horses, Indra, come well-pleased to us.\n14 Speed forward hither, come to us, rejoice thee in the milky\ndraught\nSpin out the thread of ancient time, as well is known.\n15 If, Sakra, Vritra-slayer, thou be faraway or near to us,\nOrin the sea, thouart the guard of Soma juice.\n16 Let songs we sing and Soma-dr8ps expressed by us make\nIndra strong\nThe tribes whobringoblations find delight in him.\n17 Him sages longing for his aid, with offerings brought in eager\nhaste,\nHim, even as branches, all mankind have made to grow.\n18 AttheTrikadrukastheGodsspansacrificethatstirredthemind\nMay our songs strengthen him who stillhathstrengthened us.\n19 When, true to duty, at due times the worshipper offers lauds\nto thee,\nThey call him Purifier, Pure, and Wonderful.\n14 Spinoutthethreadofancienttimes: eextend the ancient sacrifice.’\nWilson,\nThedueperformanceofsacrificeisregardedasanunbrokenthreadreaching\nthvongb asuccessionofIlishisfromancienttomoderntimes.\n15 Inthesea inthefirmament,oroceanofair.\n17 Allmankind: hshoritfh. ButseeM,Muller, VedicHymns,I. 310.\n18 A tthe Tvikadrnkas accordingtoSftyana theseare thefirst threedays\noftheAbhiplava ceremony. According to some modern scholars they are\nprobably threepeculiarSoma-vessels,oranoblation consisting of three offer-\ningsofSoma. Spansacrifice; seeabovenote on 14. Thatstirred the mind;\nthaturged otherstofollowthe example.\n19 Him : achange ofperson, Indrabeingmeant."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 779,
            "content": ", :\nm\nHymn is.] the rigveda.\n20 That tnind of Rudra, fresh and strong, movesconscious in the\nancient ways,\nWith reference whereto the wise have ordered this.\n21 If thou elect to be my Friend drink of this sacrificial juice,\nBy help whereof we may subdue all enemies.\n22 0InIra, Loverofthesong,whenshallthypraiserbemostblest?\nWhen wilt thou grant us wealth in herds of kine and steeds?\n23 And thy two highly-lauded Bays, strong stallions, draw thy\ncar who art\nUntouched by age, most gladdening car for which we pray.\n24 With ancient offerings we implore the Young«and Strong\nwhom many praise.\nHe from of old hath sat upon dear sacred grass.\n25 Wax mighty, thou whom many laud for aids which Rishis\nhaveextolled.\nPour down for us abundant food and guardits well.\n26 0 Indra, CasteroftheStone, thouhelpesthimwhopraisesthee:\nFrom sacrifice I send to thee a mind-yoked hymn.\n27 Here, yoking for the Soma-draught these Horses, sharers of\nthy feast,\nThy Bay Steeds, Indra, fraught with wealth, consentto come.\n28 Attendants on thy gloryflet the Rudras roar assent to thee,\nAnd all the Marut companies come to the feast.\n29 These his victorious followers hold in the heavens the place\nthey love,\nLeagued in the heart of sacrifice, as well we know.\n30 That we may long behold the light, what time the ordered\nrite proceeds,\nHe duly measures, as he views, the sacrifice.\n31 0 Indra, strong is this thy car, and strong are these Bay\nSteeds of thine\n:\n0 Satakratu, thou art strong, strong is our call.\n—\n20 Haveorderedthis: songofpraise, orholyceremony. Lud —wig.\nhy2 m6 nM ii sn fd r- ey qo uk ee ntd\nl:\nym ca od mpe ar re ea dd—y ib sy et qh ue ipp po ee dt’ fs ormi and j, oua rs nea y,chariot towhichthe\n28 TheRudras : thesonsofRudra,theMaruts.\n29 The heart literally navel, that is the central point,of sacrifice, isthe\nreceptacle on which oblations are placed, ortheuttaravediornorthaltar.\n31 Strong: vHshd .* ashasbeennoticedbefore (seeI. 177. 2. 3.) some of\ntheVedicpoetsdelightintherepetition ofthisword and derivativesfromthe\nsame root. S&yanaexplainsvrishd as ‘showerer of benefits/ and Ludwig\ntranslatesitby fatierlcraftig/ strongas abull. The originalmeaning of the\nwordis male,masculine,and, hence,strong."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 780,
            "content": ": :\n138 THE HYMNS OP [BOOR VIIL\n32 Strong is the press-stone, strong thy joy, strong is the flowing\nSomajuice:\nStrong isthe rite thou furtherest, strong is our call,\n33 As strong I call on thee the Strong, 0 Thunderer with thy\nthousand aids\nFor thou hast won the hymn of praise. Strong is our call.\nHYMN\nXIY.\nIndra\n.\nIf I, 0 Indra, were, like thee, the single Sovran ofall wealth,\nMy worshipper should be rich in kine.\n2 I should fee fain, 0 Lord of Power, to strengthen and enrich\nthe sage,\nWere I the Lord of herds of kine.\n3 To worshippers who press the juice thy goodness, Indra, is a\ncow\nYielding in plenty kine and steeds.\n4 Noneis there, Indra, God or man, to hinder thy munificence,\nThe wealth which, lauded, thou wilt give.\n5 Thesacrifice made Indrastrong when he unrolled the earth,\nand made\nHimself a diadem in heaven.\n6 Thine aid we claim, 0 Indra, thine who after thou hast waxen\ngreat\nHastwon all treasures for thine own.\n7 In Soma's ecstasy Indra spread the firmament and realms of\nlight,\nWhen he cleft Yala limb from limb.\n8 Showing the hidden he draveforth the co\\^sforthe Angirases,\nAnd Yala he cast headlong down.\n9 By Indra were the luminous realms of heaven established\nand secured,\nFirm and immovablefrom theirplace.\n10 Indra, thy laud moves quickly like a joyous wave of water-\nfloods:\nBright shine the drops that gladden thee.\n11 For thou, 0 Indra, art the God whom hymns and praises\nmagnify\nThoublessest those who worship thee.\n12 Let the two long-maned Bay Steeds bring Indra to drink the\nSomajuice,\nThe Bountiful to our sacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 781,
            "content": ": :\nm\nHYMN 15.] THE RIGVEDA\n.\n13 With waters’ foam thou torest off, Indra,theheadofNamuchi,\nSubduing all contending hosts.\n14 The Dasyus, when they fain would climb by magic arts and\nmount to heaven,\nThou, Indra, castest down to earth.\n15 AsSoma-drinker conquering all, thou scatteredstto every side\nTheir settlement who poured no gifts.\nHYMN\nXV.\nIndra.\nSing forth to him whom many men invoke, to him whom\nmanylaud\n:\nInvite the powerful —Indra with your songs ofp —raise.\n2 Whose lofty might for doubly sti'ong is he supports the\nheavens and earth,\nAnd hills and plains and floods and light with manly power.\n3 Such, Praised by ma 5ny\n!\nthou art King\n:\nalone thou smitest\nVritras dead,\nTo gain, 0 Indra, spoils of war and high renown.\n4 We sing this strong and wild delight of thine which conquers\nin the fray,\nWhich, Caster ofthe Stone gives room and shines like gold.\n!\n5 Wherewith thou also foundest lights for Ayu and for Manu’s\nsake •\n:\nNow joying in this sacred grass thou beamest forth.\n6 This day too singers of the hymn praise, as of old, this might\nof thine :\nWin thou the waters day by day, thralls of the strong.\n7 That lofty Indra-power of thine, thy strength and thine\nintelligence,\nThy thunderbolt for which we long, the wish makes keen.\n8 0 Indra, Heaven and Earth augment thy manly power and\nthy renown\n;\nThe waters and the mountains stir and urge thee on.\n9 Vishnu the lofty ruling Power, Varuna,Mitra sing thypraise:\nIn thee the Maruts company have great delight.\n13 Withwaters' foam: withathunderboltinthe form of foam, according\nto alater legend. See Lanman, Sanskrit Reader^ p. 375,whotakesNTamuchi\ntobeawaterspoutinalake, andewithfoam*tomean *accompaniedbyfoam.’\n4 Wild delight Somajuice,thecause of thy rapture.\nPt5 mirF ao vr aA sgv a, ndm Ud rvf ao sr\nt\nWh ; that isfor man '. ~Ayuwas theson of\n6 Thrallsof thestrong controlledandimprisonedby Vritra.\n7 Thewish: our wishes expressedinprayerandpraise,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 782,
            "content": ":;:: :\n146 TEE 11YMN& OF [BOOK FILL\n10 0 Indra, thou wast born the Lord of men, most liberal of thy\ngifts\nExcellent deeds for evermore are all thine own.\n11 Ever, alone, 0 highly-praised, thou sendest Vritras to their\nrest\nNone else than Indra executes the mighty deed.\n12 Though here and there, in varied hymns, Indra, men call on\nthee for aid,\nStill with our heroes fight and win the light ofheaven.\n13 Already have all forms of him entered our spacious dwelling-\nplace^\nFor victory stir thou Indra, up, the Lord of Might.\nHYMN\nXVI. Indra.\nPeaxsb Indra whom our songs must laud, sole Sovran of\nmankind, the Chief\nMost liberal who controlleth men.\n2 In whom the hymns of praise delight, and alltheglory-giving\nsongs,\nLike the floods’ longing for the sea.\n3 Him I invite with eulogy, best King, effective in the fight,\nStrong for the gain of mighty spoil.\n4 Whose perfect ecstasies are wide, profound, victorious, and\ngive\nJoyin the field where heroes win.\n5 Him, when the spoils of war are staked, men call to be their\nadvocate\nThey who have Indra win the day.\n6 Men honour him with stirring songs, andmagnifywithsolemn\nrites\nIndra is he who giveth ease.\n7 Indra is Priest and Kishi, he is much invoked by many men,\nAnd mightyby his mighty powers.\n8 Meet to be lauded and invoked, true Hero with his deeds of\nmight,\nVictorious even when alone.\n13 Allformsofhim: thevariousqualitiesofIndrahavebeencelebrated.\nStirthou: the ItishI addresses himself. Lord of Might: sacMpatim: in\nlaterliterature,lordorhusbandofSack?orhismightpersonifiedand regarded\nashisconsort.\n4.5J\n. 7,\nThe1 Brahmanm we ha on- »V\n.\n~\n:\nr1- ^ya tn ha a, tg ir se ,at Ie nr dt rahan real gl a. rdeS dee aV sI.\na\npriest. Misht accordingt- > t..n. ;.-holderof alltheAryan race/\n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 783,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 17.J THE JUGVEDA. 141\n9 Themen,thepeoplemagnifythatIndrawiththeirSamasongs,\nWith hymns and sacred eulogies\n:\n10 Him who advances them to wealth, sends light to lead them\nin the war,\nAnd quells their foemen in the fray.\n11 May he, the saviour much-invoked, may Indra bearus in a\nship\nSafely beyond all enemies.\n12 As such, 0 Indra. honour us with gifts of booty, further us.\nAnd lead us to felicity.\nHYMN\nXVII. • Indra.\nCome, we have pressed the juice for theej 0 Indra, drink\nthis Soma here *.\nSit thou on this my sacred grass.\n2 0 Indra, let thy long-maned Bays, yoked by prayer, bring\nthee hitherward\nGive ear and listen to our prayers.\n3 We Soma-bearing Brahmans call thee Soma-drinker with thy\nfriend,\nWe, Indra, bringing Soma juice.\n4 Come unto us who bring the juice, come unto this oureulogy,\nFair-visored drink thou©f the juice.\n!\n5 I pour it down within thee, so through all thy members let it\nspread\n:\nTake with thy tongue the pleasant drink.\n6 Sweet to thy body let it be, delicious be the savoury juice :\nSweet be the Soma to thine heart.\n7 Like women, let this Soma-draught, invested with its robe,\napproach, •\n0 active Indra, close to thee.\n8 Indra, transported with the juice, vast in hisbulk, strong in\nhis neck\nAnd stout arms, smites the Vritras down.\n9 0 Indra, go thou forward, thou who rulest over all by might\nThou Vritra-slayer slay the fiends.\n10 Long bethygrasping-hookwherewiththougivestamplewealth\nto him\nWho sheds the juice and worships thee.\nS Wit—h thyfriend ludra’s companion, the thunderbolt. 1With suitable\npraise.’ Wilson.\n7 Like women: dressed in white garments and moving slowly. Itsrobe:\nthemilkthatcoloursit."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 784,
            "content": ": :\n142 TEE EYMm OE IBOOK VIIT.\n11 Here, Indra, is thy Soma-draught, made pureupon the sacred\ngrass\nBun hither, come and drink thereof.\n12 Famed for thy radiance, worshipped well ! this juice is shed\nfor thy delight\nThou art\ninvoked,:Aa\nkhandala\n!\n13 To Kundap&yya, grandson’s son, grandson of Sringavrish to\n!\nthee,\nTo him have I addressed my thought.\n14 Strongpillarthou,Lordof thehome\n!\narmour ofSoma-offerers\n:\nThe drop of Soma breaketh all the strongholds down, and\nIndra is the Rishis’ Friend.\n15 Holy Prid&kusanu, winner of thespoil, oneeminent o’er many\nmen,\nLead on the wild horse Indra with hisvigorous grasp forward\nto drink the Soma juice.\nHYMN\nXVIII. Adityas,\nNow let the mortal offerprayerto win the unexampled grace\nOf these Adityas and their aid to cherish life.\naft1 c2 higF oa am ne dd sf to tr chit ph dy janr aa ,di ha an vc ee ,\ni\n1 :7 ,T 5 ew xo pr ld as inet dhu bs yr te hn ede Cr oe md -,\nmentator, and their meaning is still uncertain. According to Sayana, the\nformermaymean ‘thou whose cattleare strong/ or ‘thou whose radiance\nisrenowned,’ and thelatter ‘thou of renowned adoration’ or ‘whosehymns\na 0re. Der se tn ro oyw en re ,d a’ rtS ie ne voW ki el ds .’on’s Thn io ste a. ppT eh lo lau tia or nti on fvo Ik ne dd r, aA dk oh ea sn \"d na ol ta oJ cc: uo rr, ag‘ aT ih nou i,\nn\ntheIligveda. SeeMuir, 0. 8 . Texts , IV. 190.\n13 Kvndaplyyaand Sringavrish appearheretobenamesofmen. Accord-\ningtoS&yana, kvndaplyyais the nameof a particular Soma-ceremony, and\nt sh pre io nf gfs op fri Sn rg ino gf avS rr ii sn hg ,av or fi wsh hoi ms I tn hd era kuh ni dms ae pl df y. ya‘( rI itn edra w) a, sw thh eo prw oa ts et ctot rh ,e (o tf hf-\ne\nsages) have fixed (of old) their minds upon this ceremony.’ See Wilson’s\nnote who observes that ‘the constructionisloose, and theexplanationnot\nverysatisfactory.’\n14 lordof thehome ; apparently thehouseholderwho institutesthe sacri-\nfice is addressed, he ydstoshpate grihapate.—S&yana. The Rishis’ Friend:\nIm tt ii shn ii sn ,d am ccs oa rh dh id n, gt th oe Sf &r yi ae nn ad .of theMunis,sages,saintlymen orascetics\n:\nofus\n15 Prid&kusdnu: I follow Ludwig in taking this to be the nameof the\ninstitutorof thesacrifice. Accordingto Sftyanawho explains it as ‘lifting\nup theheadorbacklikeaserpent,’ or ‘tobepropitiated,asaserpentis,with\ngems, charms, medicaments, etc./ itis an epithet of Indra and the leader\nforward of Inclra in the second line is theworshipper,und; erstood. Grass-\nm ina gn pn arb tan oi fsh te hs et hh ye ml na .stthreestanzasto hisAppendix as not ori\"ginall \"yform-\n1 Adityas see I. 14. 3,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 785,
            "content": ": : ! : ;\nHYMN 18.1 THE RIGVET)A. 143\n2 For not an enemymoleststhepathswhichthese Adityastread\nInfallible guards, they strengthen us in happiness.\n3 Now soon may Bhaga, Savitar, Yaruna, Mitra, Aryaman\nGive us the shelter widely spread which we implore.\n4 With Gods come thou whose fostering care none checks, O\nGoddess Aditi\nCome, dear to many, with the Lords who guard us well,\n5 For wellthese Sons of Adit! know to keep enmities aloof\nUnrivalled, giving ample room, they save from woe.\n6 Aditi guard our herd byday, Aditi, free from guile, by night,\nAditi, ever strengthening, save us from grief *\n7 Andinthedayourhymn isthis : MayAditico! menigh tohelp,\nWith loving-kindness bring us weal and chase our foes.\n8 And may the Asvins, the divine Pair of Physicians, send us\nhealth\nMay they removeiniquity and chase our foes.\n9 May Agni bless us with his fires, and Surya warm us\npleasantly\nMay the pure Wind breathe sweet on us, and chase our foes.\n10 Drive ye disease and strife away, drive ye away malignity:\nAdityas, keep us ever far from sore distress.\n11 Remove from us the arr<»w, keep famine, Adityas ! far away :\nKeep enmities afar from us, Lords of all wealth I\n12 Now, 0 Adityas, grant to us theshelter thatlets mango free,\nYea, even the sinner from his sin, ye Bounteous Gods\n13 Whatever mortal with the power of demons fain would\ninjure us,\nMay he, impetuous, suffer harm by his own deeds.\n14 May sin oJertal£e our human foe, the man who speaketh evil\nthings,\nHim who would cause ourmisery, whose heart is false.\n15 Gods, ye are with the simple ones, ye know each mortal in\nyour hearts\n:\nYe, Yasus, well discriminate the false and true.\n16 Fain would we have the sheltering aid of mountains and of\nwater-floods\n:\nKeep far from us iniquity, 0 Heaven and Earth.\n17 So with auspicious sheltering aid do ye, 0 Yasus, carry us\nBeyond all trouble and distress, borne in your ship.\n4 WiththeLords: sUHbhth; thatis, the Gods.\n13 With thepowerofdemons: ffromhis diabolicalnature/—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 786,
            "content": "—\n; : : ;\n144 TEfE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIIL\n1§ Adityas, ye Most Mighty Ones, grant to our children and\ntheir seed\nExtended term oflife that they may live long days.\n19 Sacrifice, 0 Adityas, is yourinward monitor : be kind,\nFor in the bond of kindred we are bound to you.\n20 The Maruts’ high protecting aid, the Asvins, and the God\nwho saves,\nMitra and Varuna for weal we supplicate.\n21 Grant us a home with triple guard, Aryaman, Mitra, Varuna !\nUnthreatened, Maruts ! meet for praise, and filled with men.\n22 And as we human beings, 0 Adityas, are akin to death,\nGraciously lengthen ye our lives that we may live.\nHYMN\nXIX. Agni.\nSing praise to him, the Lord of Light. The Gods have made\nthe God to be their messenger,\nAnd sent oblation to the Gods.\n2 Agni, the Bounteous Giver, bright with varied flames, laud\nthou, 0 singer Sobhari\nHim who controls this sacred food with Somablen1 t, who hath\nfirst claim to sacrifice.\n3 Thee have we chosen skilfullest in sacrifice, Immortal Priest\namong the Gods,\nWise finisherof this holy rite : r\n4 The Son of Strength, the bless&d, brightly-shining One, Agni\nwhose light is excellent.\nMay he by sacrifice win us in heaven the grace of Mitra,\nVaruna, and the Floods.\n5 The mortal who hath ministered to Agni with oblation, fuel,\nritual lore,\nAnd reverence, skilled in sacrifice,\n19 Yourinwardmonitor ornearremembrancer,not sufferingyouto rest\nuntilyouhaverewardedmenfor their devotions. Ludwig says that the\nhlldhofthetextis really hi ilah For sacrifice, Adityas, is your nearest\ndwelling-place. ^\n20 The Godwhosaves Indra,whois especiallythetutelaryGodofAryans.\n21 Withtriple guard; or, triply defending or defended. According to\nS&yana,protectingfromheat, cold, and web orthree-storeyed.\n22 Akin todeath bomsubjectto death,;\n1 TheGods: inthefirstlineare, accordingtoS&yana,thepriests,i, e. those\niw th so orp dr ia ni as re y: sd ii gv ny ia fn it cai tis ot nu .vanttti devd *ritvijo; but themwordmaybe taken in\n5 Rituallore: videna here can hardlymean, as S&yana explains it, 1by\nstudyingtheVeda/ Itmayperhapsmean 4byknowledge of the properuse\nof thesacredformulas/ oras M. Muller says, ‘bythebundle of grass’ used\ninsacrifice. SeeAne. S.Literature , p.28, note,and p. 205."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 787,
            "content": "—\n: : : :\nHYMN\n19.]\nTEE RIGVEDA, U$\n6 Verily swift to run are his fleet-footed steeds, and most re-\nsplendentfame is his.\nNo trouble caused by Gods or wrought by mortal man from\nany side o’ertaketh him.\n7 May we by thine own fires be well supplied with fire, 0 Son\nof Strength, 0 Lord of Might\nThou as our Friend hast worthy men.\n8 Agni, who praises like a guest of friendly mind, is as a car\nthat brings us gear.\nAlso in thee is found perfect security : thou art the Sovran\nLord of wealth. *\n9 That man, moreover, merits praise who brings, auspicious\nAgni, sacrificial gifts\nMay he win riches by his thoughts.\n10 Hefor whose sacrifice thou standest up erect is prosperous\nand rules o'er men.\nHe wins with coursers and with singers skilled in song with\n:\nheroes he obtains the prize.\n11 He in whose dwelling Agni is chief ornament, and, all-desired,\nloves his laud well,\nAnd zealously tends his offerings\n12 His, or the lauding sage% word, his, Son of Strength ! who is\nmost prompt with sacred gifts,\nSet thou beneath the Gods, Vasu, above mankind, the speech\nof the intelligent.\n13 He who with sacrificial gifts or homage bringeth very skilful\nAgni nigh,\nOr him who flashes fast with song,\nl4r The mortal wffo with blazing fuel, as his laws command,\nadores the Perfect/God,\nBlest with his tboughts in splendour shall exceed all men, as\nthough he overpassed the floods.\n15 Give us the splendour, Agni, which may overcome each\ngreedy fiend in our abode, *\nThe wrath of evil-hearted folk.\n7 East worthymen inusthyworshippers.\n10 Withcoursersandwith singers is successful in ehariot-races and ii\nrewarded bythe Godsforhissacrifices.\n12 Setthou beneath the Gods and above mankind, issaidtomean 'spressd\nthroughallthesky.’ Themeaningof thisandtheprecedingstanzaissome\nr\nwhatobscurely expressed.\n' 14 The Perfect God : dditim , explained by S&yana as okhandaniyam,\nindivisible,complete,\n10"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 788,
            "content": "—\n: : :\n146 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK FIJI,\n16 That, wherewith Mitra, Yariina, and Aryaman, the Asvins,\nBhaga give us light,\nThat may we, by thy power finding best furtherance, worship,\n0 Indra, helped by thee.\n17 0 Agni, most devout are they, the sages who have set thee\nSage exceeding wise,\n0 God, for men to look upon\n:\n18 Who have arranged thine altar. Blessed God, atmorn, brought\nthine oblation, pressed the juice.\nThey by their deeds of strength have won them mighty\nwealthywho have set all their hope in thee.\n•19 May Agni worshipped bring us bliss, may the gift, Blessed\nOne, and sacrifice bringbliss\n:\nYea, may our praises bring us bliss.\n20 Show forth the mind that brings success in war with fiends,\nwherewith thou conquerest in fight.\nBring down the many firm hopes of our enemies, and let us\nvanquish with thine aid.\n211 praise with song the Friend of man, whom Gods sent down\nto be herald and messenger,\nBest worshipper, bearer of our gifts.\n22 Thou unto sharp-toothed Agni/'Young and Radiant God,\nproclaimest with thy song the feast\nAgni, who for our sweet strains moulds heroic strength when\nsacred oil is offered him,\n23 While, served with sacrificial oil, now upward and now down-\nward Agni moves his sword,\nAsdoth the Asura his robe.\n24: The God, the Friend of man, who bears onr gifts to heaven,\nthe God Witfi his sweet-smelling mouth,\nDistributes, skiftedjn sacrifice, his precious things, Invoking\nPriest, ImmortalGud.\nX\n25 Son of Strength, Agni, thou wert the mortal, bright as\nMitra ! worshipped withbur gifts!\nAnd Iwere the Immortal God,\n16 That radianceorsplendour.\n• 20 Bringdown themanyfirmhopes there is no substantive in the text,\nandhopes,resolves,thoughts orsomethingsimilar mustbesupplied.\n21 TheFriendofman : ormdnurhztammaymean ‘himwhowasestablish-\ned byManus.’\n23 Hi$ sword: the flashing flame. The Asura: the Sun, according to\nS&yana. Robe outwardform."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 789,
            "content": "— —\n:\nHYMN !&.} THE RIGVEDA. 147\n26 I would not give- thee up, Vasu, to calumny or misery, 0\nBounteous One.\nMy worshipper should feel no hunger or distress, nor, Agni,\nshould he live in sin.\n27 Like a son cherished in his father’s house, let our oblation\nrise unto the Gods.\n28 With thine immediate aid may I, excellent Agni, ever gain\nmy\nwish,\nA mortal with a God to help,\n29 0 Agni, bythy wisdom, by thy bounties, by thy leading may\nI gather wealth. «,\nExcellent Agni, thou called my Providence delight thou\n:\nto be liberal.\n30 Agni, he conquers by thine aid that brings him store of noble\nheroes and great strength,\nWhose bond of friendship is thy choice.\n31 Thy spark is black and crackling, kindled in due time,\n0 Bounteous, it is taken up.\nThou art the dear Friend of the mighty Mornings thou\n:\nsbinest in glimmerings of the night.\n32 WeSobharishavecome tohim, forsuccour, who isgoodtohelp\nwith thousand powers*\nThe Sovran, Trasadasyu’s Friend.\n33 0 Agni, thou on whom all other fires depend, as branches on\nthe parent stem,\nI make the treasures of the folk, like songs, mine own, while\n1 exalt thy sovran might.\n34 The mortal whom,Adityas,ye,Guileless,leadtothefartherbank\nOf all the princes, Bounteous Ones !\n35 Whoe’er he be, Man-ruling Kings ! the Regent of the race of\nmen\nMay we, 0 Mitra, Varuna, and Aryaman, like him be further-\ners of your law.\n36 A gift of fifty female slaves hathTrasadasyu given me, Puru-\nkutsa’s son,\nMost liberal, kind, lord of the brave.\n26 In sin suchasneglectof the Godsinconsequence ofpoverty.\n33 Themeaningof thesecond line appearstobe : *t praise Agni better\nthan othermen. I overpowertheirhymnsandsecureformyself therewards\nwhichtheywereintendedtoobtain/\n36 Femaleslaves:vadhrftn&m: vadhftmeansusuallyabride,awife,awoman\ningeneral, andherehandmaidsorfemale slaves, the wives or daughters of\nconqueredD&sas, appear to, be meant. According to von Roth, mares or\notherfemaledraught-animalsareintended. ;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 790,
            "content": ": : : : ; :\n148 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n37 And Syava too for me led forth a strong steed at Suvastu’s\nford\nA herd of three times seventy kine, goodlordof gifts, he gave\nto me.\nHYMN\nXX. Maruts. '\nLet none, Swift Travellers ! check you : come hither, like-\nspirited, stay not faraway,\nYe benders even of what is firm.\n2 Maruts, Ribhukshans, Rudras, come yewith your cars strong-\nfellied and exceeding bright.\nCome, yeAor whom we long, with food, to sacrifice, come ye\nwith love to Sobhari.\n3 Forwell we know the vigorous might c&Jftudi'a’s Sons, the\nMaruts, who are passing strong,\nSwift Vishnu’s band, who send the rain.\n4 Islands are bursting forth and misery is stayed : the^heaven\nand earth are joined in one.\n:\nDecked with bright rings, ye spread the broad expanses out,\nwhen ye, Self-luminous, stirred yourselves.\n5 Even things immovable shake andreel, themountainsand the\nforest trees at your approach,\nAnd the earth trembles as ye com$\\\n6 To lend free course, 0 Maruts, to your furious rush, heaven\nhigh and higher still gives way,\nWhere they, the Heroes mighty with theirarms, display their\ngleaming ornaments on theirforms.\n7 After their Godlike nature they, the bull-likeHeroes, dazzling\nand impetuous, wear\nGreat splendour as they show erect. *\n37 Suvtfstuisin allprobabilitytheSoastosof Arrian (SuwadorSwat)near\ntheK6phenor KAbulriver. Kine thereisnosubstantiveinthetext. The\nstanza, whichhasno commentintheprinted edition,isvery obscureand can\nbeonlyconjecturallytranslated. SeeLudwig'sTranslationandCommentary,\nI. 427; and IV. 380.\n4 S&yanaBeemstoexplainthisverse, ‘Theislands fallasunder,thefirmest\n(trees)experiencedistress they(thewinds)distress heaven and earth the\nwatershurryonward, 0 br; ightweaponed, self-shining ones, when you ag; itate\nthem,’—E. B. C.’s note in Wilson’s Translation. The stanza is difficult.\nI have followed, generally, Ludwig’s version. Mauds the higher unsub-\nmergeclgrounds. Misery caused by the preceding hot and dry weather.\nArejoined in one as the heavy rain obscures the horizon. Fright rings\nwornonthearms ortheanklesorcarriedbytheMaruts on their shoulders.\nSee L 166. 9.\ny 7 Bull’lihe: .7 'r yishapsavakisuncertain. Show treat;\nahrutapsavahis,\n:\n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 791,
            "content": ": : : : ; : .\n»HYMN 20.] THE JUGVEDA 149\n8 The pivot of the Sobharis’ chariot within the golden box is\nbalmed withinilk.\nMay they the Well-born, Mighty, kindred of the Cow, aid us\nto food and to delight.\n9 Bring,yewhosprinklebalmydrops, oblationsto yourvigorous\nMarut company,\nTo those whose leader is the Bull.\nTO Come hither, 0 ye Maruts, on your strong-horsed car, solid in\nlook, with solid naves.\nLightly like winged falcons, 0 ye Heroes, come, come to enjoy\nour offerings.\n0>\n11 Their decoration is the same; their ornaments of gold are\nbright upon their arms\nTheir lances glitter splendidly.\n12 They toil not to defend their bodies from attack, strong He-\nroes with their mighty arms.\nStrong are your bows and strong the weapons in your cars,\nand glory sits on every face.\n13 Whose name extendeth like a sea, alone, resplendent, so that\nall have joy in it,\nAnd life-power like ancestral might.\n14 Pay honour to these Maruts and sing praise to them, for of\nthe wheel-spokes of the car\nOf these loud roarers none is last : this is their power, this\nmoves them to give mightygifts.\n15 Blest by your favouring help was he, 0 Maruts, at the earlier\nflushings of the mom,\nAnd even now shall he be blest.\n16 The strong man to whose sacrifice, 0 Heroes, ye approach\nthat ye may taste thereof,\nWith glories and with war that winneth spoil shall gain great\nbliss, ye Shakers of the world.\n17 Even as Rudra’s Sons, the brood of the Creator Dyaus, the\nAsura, desire,\n0 Youthful Ones, so shall it be\n8 Box the interiorof the chariot. Withmilk: with fei'tilizingrainsent\nbytheMaruts. The Cow: Prism.\n9 Yewhosprinklebalmydrops priestswho offer libations. Whose leader\nistheBull whom Xndraleads. Or,itmay be, whose chariot is drawn by\nbulls, as inthefollowingstanza.\n10 Solidin look: orwith bull-like, orstronglook.\n14 Honeis last nopartof theirchariotwheelis behindtherestin speed.\nThismovesthemtogivemightygifts; or,this(characteristic belongs tothem)\nthrough greatness of theirgifts.\n15 He: yourworshipper."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 792,
            "content": "—\n:; : :\n150 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK YIIP\n18 And these the bounteous, worthy of the Maruts who more\nonward pouring down the rain\nEven for their sake, 0 Youthful Ones, withkindest heart take\nus to you to be your own.\n19 0 Sobhari, with newest song sing out unto the youthful puri-\nfying Bulls,\nEven as a plougher to his steers.\n20 Who,likeacelebratedboxer, overcomethechallengersinevery\nfight —\nThey who, like shining bulls, are most illustrious honour\nthose Maruts with thy song.\n21 Allied by common ancestry, ye Maruts, even the Cows, alike\nin energy,\nLick, all by turns, each other’s head.\n22 Evenmortalman,yeDancersbreast-adornedwithgold, attains\nto brotherhood with you.\nMark ye and notice us, 0 Maruts; evermoreyour friendship\nis secured to us.\n23 0Maruts, richinnoblegifts, bringusaportion of the Maruts>\nmedicine,\nYeCoursers who are Friends to us.\n24 Haters of those who serve you ftot, bliss-bringers, bring us\nbliss with those auspicious aids\nWherewith ye are victorious and guard Sindhuwell, and suc-\ncour Kriviin his need.\n25 Maruts, who rest on fair trimmed grass, what balm soever\nSindhu orAsikni hath,\nOrmountains or the seas contain,\n26 Ye carryonyourbodies,yewhoseeitall:scfblessnsgraciously\ntherewith.\nCast, Maruts, to the ground our sick man’s malady : replace\nthe dislocated limb.\n18 Thebounteous: theliberalinstitutorsof sacrifice.\n19 Purifying bulls thestrongMarutswhosendthesweetrain.\n21 Alliedbycommonancestry: asthe offspringof Prism. The Cows: the\nMaruts, Lick...eachother's head; asthey crowd together in their course.\nAccordingtoSdyana, cthecowsseverallyliokupthequarters of thesky.’\n22 YeDancers/ yewhodancethroughtheair.\n24 Krivi theeponymusof awarriortribein the Panjdb, in later times\ncombinedwith, oridenticalwith the Panchdlas. Sdyana takes—b'ivim here\nto meanawell: 1withwhichyouprovided awell(forGotama)/ Wilson.\n25 Asikni the A^oesinesofQuintusCurtius,theYeclionameoftheChandra-\nbhdgd, themodern Chendb.\n26 Replacethe dislocatedlimb: 're-establishhisenfeebledframe.’—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 793,
            "content": "! : :\nHYMN 21.] THE RIGVEDA 151\nHYMN XXL\nindra.\nWe call on th.ee, 0 Matchless One ! We seeking help, posses-\nsing nothing firm ourselves,\nCall on thee wonderful in fight:\n2 On thee for aid in sacrifice. This youth of ours, the bold,\nthe mighty, hath gone forth.\nWe therefore, we thy friends, Indra, have chosen thee, free-\ngiver, as our Guardian God.\n3 Come hither, for the drops are here, 0 Lord of corn-lands,\nLord of horses, Lord of kine\nDrink thou the Soma, Soma’s Lord\n!\n4 For we the kinless singers have drawn hither thee, 0 Indra,\nwho hast numerous kin.\nWith all the forms thou hast, come thouof bull-like strength,\ncome near to drink the Somajuice,\n5 Sitting like birds beside thy meath, mingled with milk, that\ngladdeneth and exalteth thee,\nIndra, to thee we sing aloud.\n6 We speak to thee with this our reverential prayer. Why\nart thou pondering yet awhile%\nHere are our wishes ; thou art liberal, Lord of Bays ; we and\nour hymns are presenthere.\n7 For not in recent times alone, 0 Indra, Thunder-armed, have\nwe obtained thine aid.\nOf old we knew thy plenteous wealth.\n8 Hero, we knew thy friendship and thy rich rewards: these,\nThunderer, now we crave of thee.\nG Vasu, for all wealth that cometh of the kine, sharpen our\npowers, fair-*risored God.\n9 Him who of old hath brought to us this and that blessing,\nhim I magnify for you,\nEven Indra, 0 my friends, for help\n10 Borne by Bay Steeds, theLord of heroes, ruling men, for it\nis he who takes delight.\nMay Maghavan bestow on us bis worshippers hundreds of\ncattle and of steeds,\n11 Hero, may we, with thee for Friend, withstandthe man who\npants against us in his wrath,\nIn fight with people rich in kine.\n12 May we be victors in the singer’s battle-song, and meet the\nwicked, Much-invoked\n2 Thisyouthof ours; thenob]# wfio institutedthesacrifice,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 794,
            "content": "——\n: : : :\nTHE HYMN8 OF [BOOK MIL'\n152\nWith heroes smite the foeman and show forth our strength.\n0 Indra, further thou our thoughts.\n13 0 Indra, from ail ancient time rivalless ever and compani-\nonless art thou :\nThou seekest comradeship in war.\n14 Thou flndest not the wealthy man to be thy friend : those\nscorn thee who are flown with wine.\nWhat time thou thunderest and gatherest, then thou, even as\na Father, art invoked.\n15 0 Indra, let us not, like fools who waste their lives at home,\nwith friendship such as thine\nSit idly by*the poured-out juice.\n16 Giver of kiue, may we not miss thy gracious gifts: let us not\nrob thee of thineown.\nStrip even the strong places of the foe, and bring : thy gifts\ncan never be made vain.\n17 Indra or blest Sarasvati alone bostows such wealth, treasure\nso great, or thou,\nO Chitra, on the worshipper.\n.\n18 Chitra is King, and only kinglings are the rest who dwell\nbeside Sarasvati.\nHe, like Parjanya with his rain, Jjiath spread himself with\nthousand, yea, with myriad gifts.\nHYMN\nXXII. Asvins,\nHitherward have I called to-day, for succour, that most\nwondrous car\nWhich ye ascended, Asvins, ye whosepaths are red, swift to\ngive ear, for Buryis sake.\n2 Careveryoung, much longed-for, easilyinvoiced, soon guided,\nfirstin deeds ofmight,\nWhich waits and serves, 0Sobhari, withbenevolence, without\na rival or a foe.\n13 Thouseehest comradeship in war befriendest thy worshippers when\ntheyneedthineassistanceinbattle.\n14 Gatherest theclouds.-M. Muller.\n17 Chitra thenameof thiskingdoesnotoccurelsewhereintheRigveda,\n18 King: mji. Kinglings: rdjak&K Parjanya: God of therain-cloud,\nregardedasthetypeof liberalbeneficence.\n1 Yewhosepaths are red: rudravartani this epithet of the Asvins is\nvariously explained; ‘having a path which causes weeping in battle/ or\nWf iw lh so os ne ;pa ‘t ph rs oca er ee dinp gra oi nse ted r/ r— ibS ld ey —a rn oa\nads;\n.’‘—ad Mva un ic ri ;ng ‘go on ingth oe npa ft th udrt ao ’eba pt att hl .e ’,’—\nPL iu sd chw ei lg .; S‘ eo en Vy eo du ir scl hi eg Sh tt udp ia et nh ,.’ I.,G ppr .as 1s 5ma nnn du 5; 5‘ —go 6i 0n .g o Fn ora Eir le ryd dd ’i ssh sakp ea ;th. w’ ho\nchosetheAsvinsasherhusbands. See1. 116, 17."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 795,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN 22.] THE BIGVEDA. US\n3 These Asvins with our homage, these Two Omnipresent\nDeities\nHitherward will we bring for kind help, these who seek the\ndwelling of the worshipper*\n4 One of jour chariot wheels is moving swiftly round, one\nspeeds for you its onward course.\nLike a milch-cow, 0 Lords of splendour, and with haste let\nyour benevolence cometo us.\n5 That chariot of yours which hath a triple seat and reins of\ngold,\nThe famous car that traverseth the heavenand earth, thereon\nNasatyas, Asvins, come.\n6 Ye with your plough, when favouring Manu with your help,\nploughed the first harvest in the sky.\nAs such will we exalt you, Lordsof splendour, now, 0 Asvins,\nwith our prayer and praise.\n7 Cometous,Lordsof amplewealth,bypathsof everlasting Law,\nWhereby to high dominionye with mighty strength raised\nTrikshi, Trasadasyu’s son.\n8 This Soma pressed with stones is yours, ye Heroes, Lords of\nplenteous wealth.\nApproach to drink the Sofha, come, drink in the worshipper’s\nabode.\n9 0 Asvins, mount the chariot, mount the golden seat, ye who\nare Lords of plenteous wealth,\nAnd bring to us abundant food.\n10 The aids wherewith ye helped Paktha and Adhrigu, and\nBabhru severed from his friends,\nWiththose, 0 Asvins, come hither with speed and soon, and\nheal whatever is diseased.\n11 When we continually invoke the Asvins, the resistless, at this\ntime of day,\nWe\nlovers of the song, with songs,\n4 Themovements ofthetwowheelsarenotveryintelligiblydescribed. See\nI. 30. 19, and V. 73. 3 Likeamilch-cow acommontypeof liberaliby.\n6 Ploughed the first harvest: first ploughed the ground and sowed and\nreaped: thatis, taught, by example, mentodoso. Cp.1.117.21; kPloughing\nandsowingbarley, 0 yeAsvins, milkingoutfoodformen,yewonder-workers,\nBlastingaway theDasyuwith your trumpet, ye have bestowed wide light\nuponthe Arya.’\n7 Trikshi see 71 46. 8.\n10 Paktha,Adhrigu, and Babhruaresaid tohavebeenkings,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 796,
            "content": "— —\n:: : :\n154 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK V1IL\n12 Through these, ye Mighty Ones, come hither to my call which\nbrings.all blessings, wears allforms,\nThrough wmch, All-present Heroes, lavishest of food ye\nstrengthened Krivi, come through these.\n13 I speak to bothof these as such, these Asvins whom I rever-\nence at this time of day\n:\nWith homage we entreat them both.\n14 Ye who are Lords of splendour, ye whose paths are red, at\neve, at morn, at sacrifice,\nGive us not utterly as prey to mortal foe, ye Eudras, Lords\nof ample wealth.\n15 For bliss I call the blissful car,atmorn theinseparable Asvins\nwith their car\nI call, like Sobhari our sire,\n16 Eapid as thought, and strong, and speeding to the joy, bring-\ning your swiftly-coming help,\nBetousaprotection evenfromfaraway, Lords of great wealth,\nwith many aids.\n17 Come, Wonder-Workers, to our home, our home, 0 Asvins,\nrich in cattle, steeds, and gold,\nChief drinkers of the Soma’s juice !\n18 Choice-worthy strength, heroic, firm and excellent, uninjured\nbythe Rakshas foe,\nAt this your coming nigh, ye Lords of ample wealth and all\ngood things, may we obtain.\nHYMN\nXXIII. Agni.\nWorship thou Jitavedas, pray to him who willingly accepts,\nWhosesmoke wanders at will, and none may grasp his flame.\n2 Thou, all men’s friend, Visvamanas, exaltest Agni with thy\nsong,\nThe Giver, and his flames with which no cars contend.\n3 Whose resolute assault, to win vigour and food, deserves our\npraise,\n12 Krivi seeVIII. 20. 24.\n14 YeRudras ye reclamedorbright Gods.\n17 Richin cattle: proleptic whichyourcoming will makerich.\n;\nThe Rishiis Visvamanas thesonof Vyasva.\n1 Whowillingly accepts prattvyhm according to Sftyana, 1disposed to\nencounterenemies.’ :\n2 Thesecondlineisdifficult, astheadjectivevishpardkasahstandswithout,\na 1ws hu obst isan tt hi eve gia vn ed rom fay chab re ioe ti sth te or tt hh ee ua nc ec nus va it oi uv se (p wl ou rr sa hl ipo pr et rh )e .’g—en Wit ii Lv oe ns .ingular;\n3 Assault on the oblationswhichthefireconsumes."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 797,
            "content": ": :\nm\nHYMN THE MOVED\n23.] A.\nThrough whose discovering power the priest obtaineth\nwealth.\n4 Up springs the imperishable flame, the flame of the Reful-\ngent One\nMost bright, with glowing jaws and glory in his train.\n5 Skilled in fair sacrifice, extolled, arise in Godlike loveliness,\nShining with lofty splendour, with effulgent light.\n6 Called straight to our oblations, come, 0 Agni, through our\neulogies,\nAs thou hast been our envoy bearing up our gifts.\n7 I call your Agni, from of old Invoking Priest ofliving men\nHim with this song I laudand magnify for you. :\n8 Whom, wondrous wise, they animate with solemn rites and\nhis fair form,\nKind as a friend to men who keep the holy Law.\n9 Him, true to Law, who perfecteth the sacrifice, Law-loving\nones\n!\nYe with your song have gratified in the place of prayer.\n10 May all our sacrifices go to him the truest Angiras,\nWho is among mankind the most illustrious Priest.\n11 Imperishable Agni, thinerare all these high enkindled lights,\nLikehorses and like stallions showing forth their strength.\n12 So give us, Lord of Power and Might, riches combined with\nhero strength,\nAnd guard us with our sons and grandsons in our frays.\n13 Soon as the eager Lord of men is friendly unto Manu’s race,\nAgni averteth from us all the demon host.\n14 0 Hero Agni, LOrd of men, on hearingthisnewlaudof mine,\nBum down the Rakshasas, enchanters, with thy flame.\n15 No mortal foe can e’er prevail by arts of magic over him\nWho serveth Agni well with sacrificial gifts.\n16 Yyasva the sage, who sought the Bull, hath won thee, finder\nof good things\nAs such may we enkindle thee for ample wealth.\n17 Usana K&vya stablished thee, 0 Agni, as Invoking Priest:\nThee, Jatavedas, Sacrificing Priestfor man.\n—\n9 Law-loving ones ‘pious worshippers.’ Wilson. Have gratified; or\nmustgratify.\n16 Who sought the Bull: the strong Agni. According to S&yana, ‘the\nshowerer (of rain),’\n17 Ifsan&Kdvya: seeVol. I., Index."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 798,
            "content": ": :\n156 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VJ1L\n18 All Deities of one accord appointed thee their messenger\nThou, God, through hearing, hadst first claim to sacrifice.\n19 Him may the mortal hero make his own immortal messenger,\nFar-spreading, Purifier, him whose path is black.\n20 With lifted ladles let us call him splendid with his brilliant\nflame,\nMen’s ancient Agni, wasting not, adorable.\n21 The man whopaystheworship duetohimwithsacrificialgifts\nObtains bothplenteous nourishment and hero fame.\n22 To Jatavedas Agni, chief in sacrifices, first of all\nWith hofnage goes the ladle rich with sacred gifts.\n23 Even as Vyasva did, may we with these mosthighand liberal\nhymns\nPay worship unto Agni of the splendid flame.\n24 Now sing, as Sthurayfipa sang, with lauds to himwho spread-\neth far,\nTo Agni of the home, 0 Kishi, Vyasva’s son.\n25 Aswelcome guest of human kind, as offspring of the forest\nkings,\nThe sages worship ancient Agni for his aid.\n26 For men’s oblations brought to Ijim who is the mighty Lord\nof all,\nSit, Agni, mid ourhomage, on the sacred grass.\n27 Grant us abundant treasures, grant the opulence which many\ncrave,\nWith store of heroes, progeny, and high renown.\n28 Agni, Most Youthful of the Gods, send evermore the gift of\nwealth •\nUnto VarosusMman and to all his folk.\n29 A mighty Conqueror art thou, 0 Agni, so disclose to us\nFood in our herds of kine and gain of ample wealth.\n30 Thou, Agni, art aglorious God bring hither Mitra, Varuna,\n:\nImperial Sovrans, holy-minded, true to Law.\n18 Through hearing and, bycausingtheGorlstohear, m fan'sprayers,\n24 SthUraydpa .* saidbyS&yanatobethenameof aRishi.\n25 Forestkings: tall trees, ortreesingeneral.\n28 Varosushdnian: IfollowtheSt. PetersburgLexiconin joining varo to\nsushthnneandtaking the wholeas one wordandthename ofachief. Ludwig\nt t Br h ua e tns g il o na ot d ae ls ly as tSo e& rm me vaw onh la uwt me ela ls , off to hhl iel so gw wis f ot r: kof fA (wg Ien Ia Ii ,l, t phs .,en 1fd 6o 2rq )u ei hvc eek rl , cy ot Y mo o eu st nh ge te osf to tl hk G eow d ch o! no ct lok usn a ilo l o.w n* '\nthatSusMman is a propername, andthatvaro (which may,hethinks, bean\ninterjection) mustnotbecombinedwithit."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 799,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 24.] THE EIGVET)A. 157\nHYMN\nXXIV.\nXndra.\nCompanions, let us learn a prayer to Indra whom the thunder\narms,\nTo glorify your bold and most heroic Friend.\n2 For thou by slaying Yritra art the Yritra-slayer, famed for\nmight.\nThou, Hero, in rich gifts surpassest wealthy chiefs.\n3 As such, when glorified, bring us riches of very wondrous\nfame,\nSet in thehighest rank, Wealth-giver, Lord of Bays\n!\n4 Yea, Indra, thou disclosest that preeminent dear wealth of\nmen\n:\nBoldly, 0 Bold One, glorified, bring it to us.\n5 The workers of destruction stay neither thy right hand nor\nthyleft\nNor hosts that press about thee, Lord of Bays, in fight.\n16 0 0 Thunder-armed, I come with songs to thee as to a stall\nwith kine\nFulfil the wish and thought ofhim who sings thy praise.\n7 Chief Vritra-slayer, through the hymn of Yisvamanas think\nof all,\nAll that concerneth us, Excellent, Mighty Guide.\n8 May we, 0 Yritra-slayer, 0 Hero, find this thy newest boon,\nLonged-for, and excellent, thou who art much invoked\n!\n9 0 Indra, Dancer, Much-invoked ! as thy great power is un-\nsurpassed,\nSo be thy bounty to the worshipperunchecked.\nMost Mighty, most heroic One,formightybountyfilltheefull.\nThough strong, strengthen thyself to win wealth, Maghavan !\n110 Thunderer, never have our prayers gone forth to any God\nbut thee\n:\nSo help us, Maghavan, with thine assistance now.\n12 For, Dancer, verily I find none else for bounty, saving thee,\nFor splendid wealth and power, thou Lover of the Song.\n13 For Indra pour ye outthe drops meath blent with Soma let\n3\nhim drink\n:\nWith bounty and with majesty will he further us.\n9 Dancer: ofthe dance ofwar. According to S&yana, ‘dancer, or who\ncause? todanc —e, i .e. agitator, exciter, from Indra’sfacultyofinternalimpulse\nin all beings.1 Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 800,
            "content": ": ; : :\nHU\n158 THE INS OF [BOOK Vlll\n14 I spake to the Bay Coursers’ Lord, to him who gives ability:\nNow hear the sou of Asva as he praises thee.\n15 Never was axiy Hero bora before thee mightier than thou :\nNone certainly like thee in goodness and in wealth.\n16 0 ministering priest, pour out of the sweet juice what glad-\ndens most\nSo is the Hero praised who ever prospers us.\n17 Indra, whom Tawny Coursers bear, praise such as thine,\npreeminent,\nNone by his power or by his goodness hath attained.\n18 We,seekingglory, have invoked this Master of allpower and\nmight\nWho must be glorified by constant sacrifice.\n19 Come, sing we praise to Indra, friends, the Hero who deserves\nthe laud,\nHim who with none to aid overcomes all tribes of men,\n20 To him who wins the kine, who keeps no cattle back, Celes-\ntial God,\nSpeak wondrous speech more sweet than butter and than\nmeath.\n21 Whose hero powers are measureless, whose bounty ne’er may\nbe surpassed, °\nWhose liberality, like light, is over all.\n22 As Yyasva did, praise Indra, praise the Strong unfluctuating\nGuide,\nWho gives the foe’s possessions to the worshipper.\n23 Now, son of VyaBva, praise thou him who to the tenth time\nstill is new,\nThe very Wise, whom living men must glorify.\n24 Thou knowest,Indra,Thunder-armed, howtoavoiddestructive\npowers,\nAs one secure from pitfalls each returning day.\n14 SonofAsva: i, e. of Vyasva,theBishiVi;vamanas.\n20 Whokeepsnocattlebach eitherliterallywho aids his worshippers to\ntw hi en kc ia nt etl oe ri rn at yh sei or fr la ii gd hs ta tn hd atgi hv ees hat sh re em coa vll ert eh de fb ro oo mty th; eor, pow wh eo rsse on xds daf ro kr nt eh sa sl .l\nAccordingtoS&yana, cwhorejectsnopraise.’\n28 Who tothetenthtimestillis new continually renews his liberality to\nus. Thisseemsto bethemeaningof thedasamamndvam (tentbrnew) ofthe\ntext. Sftyanaexplains differently: ‘whoisthe tenth(of thepervadingvital\nprinciples), theadorable.’\n24 Destructivepowers the plural of Nirriti, Death or Destruction. I\nadoptLudwig’s interpretation of thesecondline."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 801,
            "content": ":: : ; :: !!\nHYMN 25.] THE RIGVEDA. 159\n25 O Indra, bring that aid wherewith of old, Most Wondrous\nthou didstslay\nHis foes for active Kutsa\n:\nsend itdown to us.\n26 So now we seek thee fresh in might, Most Wonderful in act\nfor gain\n:\nFor thou art he who conquers all our foes for us.\n27 Who will set free from*ruinous woe, or Arya on the Seven\nStreams\n0 valiant Hero, bend the Dasa’s weapon dowTn.\n28 As to Varosushaman thou broughtest great riches, for their\ngain,\nTo Vyasva’s sons, Blest Lady, richin ample wealth\nl\n29 LetNarya’s sacrificial meedreachVyasva’sSoma-bearing sons :\nIn hundreds and in thousands be the great reward.\n30 If one should ask thee, Where is he whosacrificed? Whither\nlookest thou %\nLike Vala he hath passed away and dwelleth now on Gomati.\nHYMN XX\nY. Mitra-Varuna.\n1 WORSHIP you who guard this All, Gods holiest among the\nGods,\nYT ou, faithful to the Law,*whose power is sanctified.\n2 So, too, like charioteers are they, Mitra and sapient Varuna,\nSons high-born from of old, whose holy laws stand fast.\n3 These Twain, possessors of all wealth, most glorious, for\nsupremest sway\nAditi, Mighty Mother, true to Law, brought forth.\n27 2ryaontheSevetfStreams from anyAryanenemyin the land of the\nSeven Rivers, probablythe Indus, the five rivers of the Panjab, and the\nKub 2h 3ft, Varosushdman see YIII. 23. 28. Blest Lady: Ushas or .D.awn is\naddressed.\n29 Ndrya's sacrificial meed N&ryaappearstobethenameofthem.stitutor\nof thesacrifice.\nr b ge iy vw3 eNa0 n&r rdL uyu pg ad i ) hw v iei t sn hg cab to oyb wos sX ne & er [rv wmye hs ia i, g c: h ha t' n hT d t eh hi i his t n as ks d-ta s.:n toz la e, n:c :l 1 fe ra or :l : my h te a hr re e.ef •e G•r os d. st os ,fo o atmt nhh a dee n hsy a ig cr dc re dioa f ew it ns cn ee i,(s np Vs r ae ao s l cf ae an vht t eah e ]d ,e d\nandtaken his departure/ Ushas saysalso, ‘my cows are quite superfluous\nhere, and Iwilldrivethemawaytosomeotherplace/ Thestanzaisaddressed\nto Ushas, and the secondlineis the answer she is to give to the question\nc to in mt ea si ln ee nd ti in tsth ne amfi erst t. othG eom Ga ot mi atis ,om ore Ga uff ml tu ie ,nt whof ichth fe loI wn sdu ts h, row uh gi hch Oui dn hl aat ne dr\nfallsintothe Ganges.\n2 Charioteers furthefersof eternalLaw. See VII. 66. 12."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 802,
            "content": ": : :: :\n160 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n4 Great Varuna and Mitra, Gods, Asuras and imperial Lords,\nTrue to Eternal Law proclaim the high decree.\n5 The offspring of a lofty Power, Daksha’s Two Sons exceeding\nstrong,\nWho, Lords of flowing rain, dwell in the place of food.\n6 Ye who have gathered up your gifts, celestial and terrestrial\nfood,\nLet your rain come to us fraughtwith the mist of heaven.\n7 The Twain, who from the lofty sky seem to look down on\nherds below,\nHoly^ imperial Lords, are set to he revered.\n8 They, true to Law, exceeding strong, have sat them down\nfor sovran rule\nPrinces whose laws stand fast, they have obtained their sway.\n9 Pathfinders even better than the eye, withunobstructed sight,\nEven when they close their lids, observant, they perceive.\n10 So may the Goddess Aditi, may the Nasatyas guard us well*-\nThe Maruts guard us well, endowed writh mighty strength.\n11 Do ye, 0 Bounteous Gods, protect our dwelling-place by day\nand night\nWith you forour defenders may '-we gounharmed.\n12 May we, unharmed, serve bountiful Vishnu, the God who\nslayeth none\nSelf-moving Sindhu hear and be the first to mark.\n13 This sure protection we elect, desirable and reaching far,\nWhich Mitra, Varuna, and Aryaman afford,\n14 And may the Sindhu of the floods, the Maruts, and the Asvin\n*\nPair,\nBoon Indra, and boon Vishnu have one mind with us.\n15 Because these warring Heroes stay the enmity of every foe,\nAs the fierce water-flood repels the furious ones.\n16 Here this one God, the Lord of men, looks forthexceeding far\nand wide\nAnd we, for your advantage, keep his holy laws.\n17 We keep the old accustomed laws, the statutes of supremacy,\nThe long-known laws of Mitra and of Varuna.\n5 Daksha8 Two Sons or sons of power or energy, according to S&yana,\nDaksha.asacreativepower, is frequently associated with Aditi. Place of\nfood: heaven fromwhichthefood-producingraincomes.\n12 Sindhu ; the Indus. AccordingtoS^yana,Vishnu who causes wealth\ntoflow toInswoishippers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 803,
            "content": "—\n: : ;\nHYMN 26.] THE RIQYEDA. 161\n18 He who hath measured with his ray theboundaries of heaven\nand earth,\nAnd with his majesty hath filled the two worlds full,\n19 Surya hath spread his light aloft up to the region of the sky,\nLike Agni all aflame when gifts are offered him.\n20 With him who sits afar the word is lord of food that comes\nfrom kine,\nController of the gift of unempoisoned food.\n21 So unto Surya, Heaven, and Earth at morning and at eve I\nspeak.\nBringing enjoyments.ever rise thou up for us. m .\n22 From Ukshany&yana a bay, from Harayana a white steed,\nAnd from SusMman we obtained aharnessed car.\n23 These two shall bring me further gain of troops of tawny-\ncoloured steeds,\nThe carriers shall they be of active men of war.\n24 And the two sages have I gained who hold the reins and bear\nthe whip,\nAnd the two great strong coursers, with my newest song.\nHYMN\nXXVI.\nAsvins.\nI call your chariot to receive united praise mid princely\n*\nmen,\nStrong Gods who pour down wealth, of never vanquished\nmights\n2 Ye to Varosush&man come, N&satyas, for this glorious rite,\nWith your protecting aid, StrongGods,whopour downwealth.\n20 Varunahasonlytocommandandmenhavemilk and wholesome food.\nSAyanaexplainsdifferently: *liaiseyourvoiceint —hespacioushallofsacrifice\ntohimwhoislordoverfood derivedfrom cattle/ Wilson.\n21 Thou Surya,thatis, accordingto S&yana, Mitraand Varunain Sftrya’a\nshape.\n22 Sushdman: herewithout Varo, theprefixorinterjectionorwhateverit\nmaybe. SeeVIII. 23. 28.\n23 Thesetwo : horses.\n24t Twosages: vlprd themeaningisuncer—tain. Accordingto Sdyanathe\nwordisan epithetof Coursers’ : 1sagacious.5 Wilson.* Ludwig thinksthat\nthegrooms (probablyenslavedenemies)areironically called sages, or as he\ntranslates, Brahmans. Dr. Muirtranslates the stanza differently: eI have\ncelebratedatthesametimewithanewhymn, these two sages and mighty\n[princes],strong, swift, and carrying—whips.’ Bubthisrendering haslittleto\nrecommendit.\n1 Princelymen * theStirisorinstitutorsof thesacrifice.\n2 Varosushdman: seeVIII. 23. 28. Whopourdownwealth: vrishanvasti\nsee IV. 50. 10, note.\n11"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 804,
            "content": ": :: : :\n162 THE HTMNS OF [BOOK V11Z\n3 So with oblations we invoke you, rich inamplewealth, to-day,\nWhen night hath passed, 0 ye who send us plenteous food.\n4 0 Asvins, Heroes,letyourcar,famed,besttotravel, cometous,\nAnd, for his glory, mark your zealous servant’s lauds.\n5 Asvins, who send us precious gifts, even when offended, think\nof him\nFor ye, 0 Rudras, lead us safe beyond our foes.\n6 For, Wonder-Workers, with fleet steeds ye fly completely\nround this All,\n10 Stirring our thoughts, ye Lords of splendour, koney-hued.\n7 With all-sustaining opulence, Asvins, come hitherward to us,\nYe rich and noble Heroes, ne’er to be o’erthrown.\n8 'To welcome this mine offei'ing, 0 yeIndralike H&satyas, come\nAs Gods of best accord this day with other Gods.\n9 For we, like Vyasva, liftingupourvoicelikeoxen, callonyou ;\nWith all yourloving kindness, Sages, come to us,\n0 Rishi, laudtheAsvins well. Willtheynotlistentothycall\\\nWill they not burn the Pariis who are nearer them?\n110 Heroes, listen to the son of Vyasva, and regard me here,\nVaruna, Mitra, Aryaman, of one accord.\n12 Gods whotn we yearn for, of your gifts, of what ye bring to\nus, bestow\nBy princes' hands on me, ye Mighty, day by day.\n13 Himwhomyoursacrificesclothe,evenasawomanwithherrobe,\nThe Asvins help to glory honouring him well.\n14 Whoso regards yourcare of menas succourwidestinitsreach,\nAbout his dwelling go, ye Asvins, loving us.\n15 Come to us ye who pour down wealth, qome to the home\nwhich men must guard\n:\nLike shafts, ye are made meet forsacrifice by song.\n16 Most fetching ofall calls, the laud, as envoy, Heroes, called\nto you\nBe it your own, 0 Asvin Pair.\n17 Be ye in yonder sea of heaven, or joying in the home of food.\nListen to me, Immortal Ones.\n5 JRudras brightGods.\n6 Honey-hued: madhuvarnd ‘offascinatingcomplexion.’—Wilson.\n15 Likeshafts asarrowsaresharpenedfortheirwork,sothe Asvins are\npreparedforthesacrificebythe Rishi's hymn. The word vishudrithd, ex-\nplainedbyS&yanaastwoarrows, isdifficult, andotherreadings and explana-\ntionshavebeensuggested."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 805,
            "content": "—\n:: : : ; ;\nHYMN THE R1GVEDA.\n27.] 163\n18 This river with his lucid flow attracts you, more than all the\nstreams,\nEven Sindhu with his path of gold.\n19 0 Asvins, with that glorious fame come hither, through our\nbrilliant song,\nCome ye whose wsyrs are marked with light;\n20 Harness the steeds who dr^^^h'e car, 0 Yasu, bring the well-\nfed pair.\n0 Vavur^nk thou of our meath : come unto] our drink-\n-offerings.\n121 Wonderful V&yu, Lord of Right, thou who art Tvashtar’s son-\n9\nin-law,\nThy saving succour we elect.\n22 To Tvashtar’s son-in-law we pray for wealth whereof he hath\ncontrol\nFor glory we seek Yayu, men with juice effused.\n23 From heaven, auspicious Yayu, come; drive hither with thy\nnoble steeds\n:\nCome on thy mighty car with wide-extending seat.\n24 We call thee to the homes of men, thee wealthiest in noble\nfood,\nAnd liberal as a press-stone with a horse’s back.\n25 So, glad and joyful in thine heart, do thou, God, Y&yu, first\nof all\nVouchsafe us water, strength, and thought.\nHYMN\nXXVII.\nVievedevas,\nChief Priestis Agni at the laud, as stones and grass at sacri-\nfice:\nWith song I seek the Maruts, Brahmanaspati, Gods for help\nmuch to be desired.\n18 Withhis lucidflow:svetayftrari taken bySayanaasthenameofariver.\n21 Tvashtar’sson-in-law theCommentatorsgivenosatisfactoryexplanation.\nSaranyfi, Tvashtar’s daughter,wasthewife ofVivasv&n, whocannotbe identi-\nfied withV;tyu.' SeeHillebrandt, VedischeMythologies I.p. 521,\n24 The secondlineis difficult. Thepress-stonewhichproduces the Soma\njuicewhichmakes theGods bountiful is regarded as a type of liberality\nitmaybe called literally, horse-backed, because it bears its\nloadof Soma a i‘>rse. ‘Sharp-backed’, *withsharpridges’, as\nsuggestedby Pischel,givesabettermeaning.\n1 ChiefPriest accordingtoS&yana,purdhitahhereis takeninitsprimary\nsenseof 1placedinfront/ that is, set by the priests on the uttaravedt or\nnorthernaltarorfire-receptacle. Thelaud: uhthd akindof religiousservice\nconsistingof therecitation of certain eulogisticverses."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 806,
            "content": ": : : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS Of [BOOK VIII\n2 I sing to cattle and to Earth, to trees, to Dawns* to Night, to\n,\nplants.\n0 all ye Yasus, ye possessors of all wealth, be ye the further-\ners of our thoughts.\n3 Forth go,^ with Agni, to the Gods our sacrifice of ancient use,\nTo the Adityas, Varuna whose Law stands fast, and the all-\nlightening Maruttroop *\n.\n4 Lords of all wealth, may they be su-ongtheners of man, de-\nstroyers of his enemies.\nLords of all wealth, do ye, withguardswhichnone may harm,\npreserve our dwelling freefrom foes,\nh Come to*us with one mind to-day, come to us all with one\naccord,\nMaruts withholy song, and, GoddessAditi, MightyOne, toour\nhouse and home.\n6 Send us delightfulthings, ye Maruts, on your steeds come\n:\n,.ye, 0 Mitra, to our gifts.\nLet Indra, Varuna, and the Adityas sit, swift Heroes, on our\nsacred grass.\n7 We who have trimmed the grass for you, and set the banquet\nin array,\nAnd pressed the Soma, call you, Varuna, like men, with sacri-\nficial fires aflame. *\n8 0 Maruts, Vishnu, Asvins, Pushan, haste away with minds\nturned hitherward to me.\nLet the Strong Indra, famed as Vritra’s slayer, comefirstwith\n. the winners of the spoil.\n9 Ye Guileless Gods, bestow on us a refuge strongoneveryside,\nA sure protection, Vasus, unassailable from nearat hand or\nfrom afar. *\n10 Kinship have I withyou, and close alliance, 0 ye Gods, de-\nstroyers of our foes.\nCallustoourprosperityofformerdays,andsoontonewfelicity.\n11 For now have Isentforthtoyou, thatImaywinafairreward,\nLords of all wealth, with homage, this my song of praise like\namilch-cow that faileth not.\n2 Isingto orIglorify, inorderthat1maywin orpropitiatethem.\n6 Comeye 0Mitra, VarunaandAryamanbeingunderstood.\ny\n7 likemen : manushvdt or afterthemannerof Manus.\n11 Likeamilch-cowthatfailethnot themeaningof dnydm here is some-\nwhatuncertain. S&yana-explainsitby adrishfuptiwdm, unprecedented, and\nGrassmannby*a stream that never dries up.1 I have adopted Ludwig’s\n•interpretation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 807,
            "content": "HYMN\n27.]\nTHE RIGVEDA.\n12 Excellent Savitarhath mounted up on high for you, ye sure\nand careful Guides.\nBipeds and quadrupeds, with several hopes and aims/and\nbirds have settled to their tasks.\n13 Singing their praise with Godlike thought let us invoke each\nGod for grace,\nEach God to bring you help, each God to strengthen you.\n14 Eor of one spirit are the Gods with mortal man, co-sharers all\nof gracious gifts.\nMay they increase our strength hereafter and to-day, provid-\ning ease and ample room. #\n15 1 laud you, 0 ye Guileless Gods, here wherewemeettorender\npraise.\nNone, Varuna and Mitra, harms the mortal man who honours\nand obeys your laws.\n.\n16 He makes his house endure, he gathers plenteous food who\npays obedience to your will.\nBorn in his sons anew he spreads as Law commands, and pros-\npers every way unharmed.\n17 E’en without war he gathers wealth, and goes hisway on\npleasant paths,\nWhom Mitra, Varana, atf& Aryamanprotect, sharing the gift,\nof one accord.\n18 E’en on the plain for him ye make a sloping path, an easy\nway where road is none :\nAnd far away from him the ineffectual shaft must vanish,\nshot at him in vain.\n19 If ye appoint the rite to-day, kind Rulers, when the Sun as-\ncends,\nLords of all wealth, at sunset or at waking-time, orbe it at'\nthenoon of day,\n20 Or, Asuras, when ye have sheltered the worshipper whogoes\nto sacrifice, at eve,\nMay we, 0 Yasus, ye possessors of all wealth, come'then into\nthe midst of you.\n21 If ye to-day at sunrise, or at noon, or in the gloom of eve,\nLords of all riches, give fair treasure to the man, the wise\nman who hath sacrificed,\n22 Then we, imperial Rulers, claim of you this boon, your wide\nprotection, as a son.\nMay we, Adityas, offering holy gifts, obtain that which shall\nbring us greater bliss."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 808,
            "content": ": : : : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII\nHYMN\nXXVIII. Visyedevas.\nThe Thirty Gods and Threebesides, whose seat hath been the\nsacred grass,\nFrom time of old have found and gained.\n2 Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman, Agnis,withConsorts, sendingboons,\nTo whom our Vashat ! is addressed :\n3 These are our guardians in the west, and northward here, and\nin the south,\nAnd on the east, with all the tribe.\n4 Even as the Gods desire so verily shall it be. None minisheth\nthis pofter of theirs,\nNo demon, and no mortal man.\n5 The Seven carry seven spears seven are the splendours they\n;\npossess,\nAnd seven the glories they assume.\nHYMN XXIX.\nVisvedevaa.\nOne is a youthbrown, active, manifold : he decks the golden\none with ornament.\n2 Another, luminous, occupiesthe placeof sacrifice, Snge, among\nthe Gods.\n3 One brandishes in his hand an ir<sn knife, firm, in his seat\namid the Deities.\n4 Anotherholds the thunderbolt,wherewithheslaystheVritras,\nresting in his band.\n1 Thirty GodsandThree seeI. 139. 11.\n2 Agnis Agniinhisvariousformsandunderdifferentnames. With Con-\nsorts: withthe G-n&s, Celestial Dames, wives oftheG8ds. Vashat!' the ex-\nclamationmade whentheoblationis offered.\n4 Nodemonandnomortal man : orno mortalwho presents no offerings\ntothe Gods.\n5 TheSeven theMaruts, seven, orseventimesnine, or seventimesseven\ninnumber. S&yanamentions thelegendoftheirbirth,which willbe found\ninthe Rdmdyana,BookI., Cantos 46, 47. The meaning is merely that the\nMarutscarrylances,thatis, their lightnings, and are splendidly adorned.\nSee 1. 37. Theconnexionofthisstanzawiththeprecedingisnot obvious.\n1 One Soma. ‘Theyellow Somajuiceisitselfan ornamenttothegoldon\nthefinger(Atharvaveda, XVIII. 3. 18,hiranyapftv&h) ofthepriest.*—Ludwig.\nAccordingtoothers, Som —aastheMoonisintended,'who 4decorates (himself)\nwithgoldenornaments.* Wilson.\n2 Another, luminous Agni,\n3 Onebrandishes: Tvashfear, astheArtificerofthe Gods.\n4 Anotherholds the thunderbolt ; Indra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 809,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 31.] THE RIGVEVA . 167\n5 Another bears a pointed weapon : bright is lie, and strong,\nwith healing medicines.\n6 Another, thief-like, watches well the ways, and knows the\nplaces where the treasures lie.\n7 Another with his mighty stride hath made his three steps\n10 thither where the Gods rejoice.\n8 Two with one Dame ride on with wingM steeds, and journey\nforth like travellers on their way.\n9 Two, highest, in the heavens have set their seat, worshipped\nwith holy oil, Imperial Kings.\nSome, singing lauds, conceived the Sama-hymn,*great hymn\nwhereby they caused the Sun to shine.\nHYMN XXX.\nVisvedevaa.\nNot one of yon, ye Gods, is small, none of you is a feeble\nchild\n:\nAll of you, verily, are great.\n2 Thus be ye lauded, ye destroyers of the foe, ye Three-and-\nThirty Deities,\nThe Gods of man, the Holy Ones.\n3 As such defend and succour us, with benedictionsspeaktous :\nLead us not from our fathers’ and from Manu’s path into the\ndistance far away. *\n4 Ye Deities who stay with us, and all ye Gods of all mankind,\nGive us your wide protection, give shelter for cattle and for\nsteed.\nHYMN XXXI. VariousDeities.\nThatBrahmanpleasesIndrawell,whoworships,sacrifices,pours\nLibation, andprepares the meal.\n5 Another : Budra. See I. 43. 4.\n6 Another: Pusltaa. See I. 42.\n7 Anotherwithhis mighty,stride Vishnu. Thither: tohis station in the\nheightofheaven.\n8 Twowithone Dame : theAsvinswithSuryft. SeeI. 116. 17.\n9 Two, highest Mitraand Varuna.\n10 Some,singing lauds theAngirases,or, accordingtoS&yana, theAiris.\nw• h2 omTh Mre ae n- uand w- orT sh hi ir pt py eD de ,it wi he is: chs ie ne teI r. p1 r3 e9 t. at1 i1 o. nisTh se uppG oo rd ts edo bf ym sa tan n: zaa 3r,\n,\nGod\n4 Who stay withus or are presentatthissacrifice.\np cr ai r1 e dst eB s d,ra ab sh um tt ha en t ih r; e ch he i inr ese ft .ia tn Puy rt eop pri ao o ru f es ssw a tco hrr eis f mh i ei c ep e dp :e wr h p, o an so d ut u pr uo in rne og do t Uf h Mt e ihe kce ar r me eg pu m al o ca n hr y ap tr m io a :f ye bs as b yi e ao nn r aa e ;l -\n‘cooksthe cakewhichisanessentialpartof theanimalsacrifice, etc."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 810,
            "content": "6\n: ; :\nTEE EYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n169\n2 Sakra protects from woe the man who gives him sacrificial\ncake\nAnd offers SomaWent with milk.\n3 His chariot shall be glorious, spedby Gods, and mighty shall\nhe be,\nSubduing all hostilities.\n4 Each day that passes, in his house flows his libation, rich in\nmilk,\n*\nExhaustless, bringing progeny.\n5 0 Gods, with constant draught of milk, husband and wife\nwith one accord\nPress out and wash the Soma juice.\n6 Theygain sufficientfood: they comeunited to thesacredgrass,\nAnd never do they fail in strength.\n7 Never do they deny or seek to hide the favour ofthe Gods :\nThey win high gloryfprthemselves.\n8 With sons and daughtersby their side they reach their full\nextent of life,\nBoth decked with ornaments ofgold.\n9' Serving the Immortal One with gifts of sacrificial meal and\nwealth,\nTheysatisfytheclaims ofloveand^ayduehonourto theGods.\nWe claim protection from the Hills, we claim protection of\n1\nthe Floods,\nOf him who stands by Vishnu’s side.\n11 May Pushan come, and Bhaga, Lord ofwealth, All-bounteous,\nfor our weal\nBroad be the path that leads to bliss : #\n12 Aramati, and, free from foes, Visva with spirit ofa God,\nAndthe Adityas’ peerless might.\n13 Seeing that Mitra, Aryaman, and Varuna are guarding us.\nThepaths of Law are fair to tread.\n9 TheImmortal One ; amvitdya; Agni, ortheImmortal (host), thatis, the\nGodsingeneral. According to Bftyana, {that they may obtain immortality\n(in theirsons and descendants)/ They satisfy tiiis pdda is considered by\nsome, onmetrical and othergrounds, to be aninterpolation. Accordingto-\nPischel (VeclischeStudien, I. p. 178), the half-line refers to the beating and\npreparationoftheroughstalksoftheSomaplant*\n10 Ofhimwhostandsby Vishmis side of YishnuandhisassociateIndra.\n—Ludwig.\n12 Aramati; the Genius of Devotion. Vihva; Dyaus?— Ludwig. *AH\ntheworshippers/ accordingto S&yana."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 811,
            "content": ":: ;\ntfYMN 82,] TUB RIGVBDA, M9\n14 1 glorify with song, for wealth, Agni the God, the first\nof you.\nWe honour as a well-loved Friend the God who prospereth\nour fields.\n15 As in all frays the hero, so gwift moves his car whom Gods\nattend.\nThe man who, sacrificing, strives to win the heart of Deities\nwill conquer those who worship not.\n16 Ne’er are ye injured, worshipper,presserofjuice,orpious man.\nThe man who, sacrificing, strives to win the heart of Deities\nwill conquer those who worship not.\n17 None in his action equals him, none holds him5 far or keeps\n'\nhim\noff.\nThe man who, sacrificing, strives towin the heart of Deities\nwill conquer those who worship not.\n18 Such strength of heroes shall he his, such mastery of fleet-\nfoot steeds.\nThe man who, sacrificing, strives to win the heart of Deities\nwill conquer those who worship not.\nHYMN\nXXXII. iadm,\nKanvas, tell forth with song the deeds of Indra, the Im-\npetuous,\nWrought in the Soma’s Wttd delight.\n2 Sbrong God, he slew Anarsani, Sribinda, Pipru, and the fiend\nAhisuva, and loosed the floods.\n3 Thou broughtest down the dwelling-place, the height of lofty\nArbuda.\nThat exploit, Indra, must be famed.\n4 Bold, to your famous Soma I call the fair-visored God for aid,\nDownlike a torrent from the bill.\n5 Rejoicing in the Soma-draughts, Hero, burst open, like a fort,\nThe stall of horses and of kine.\n6 If my libation gladdens, if thou takest pleasure in my laud,\nCome with thy Godhead from afar.\n14 Who prospereth our fields; kshetrasftdkasam Slyana explains kshetra\n(the mode —rn Hindikhet,afield),as sacrifice : *the bountifulperfecterof the\nsacrifice.’ Wilson.\n—\n1 TheImpetuous: rift&Mnah 4thedrinkerof the staleSoma.' Wilson.\n2 Thefiend: theDta, orsavage. All the names arenamesof demonsof\ndrought, of whomPipruhas beenmentionedfrequently inprecedingBooks.\n3 4 A Lir —kb eud aa t: ors re ee ntI f. r5 o1 m. 6 th; eI hI i. ll11. ‘a2 s0 (; a14 t. ra4 v. eller invokes) the water[froma\ncloud.’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 812,
            "content": ": ; : .\n170 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII\n7 0 Indra, Lover of the Song, the singers of thy praise are we\n:\n0 Soma-drinker, quicken us.\n8 And, taking thy delight with us, bring us still undiminshed\nfood:\nGreatis thy wealth, 0 Maghavan.\n9 Make thou us rich in herds of kine, in steeds, in gold : let\nus exert\nOur strength in sacrificial gifts.\n10 Let us call him to aid whose hands stretch far, to whom high\nlaud is due,\nWho worketh well to succour us.\n11 He, Satafratu, even in fight acts asa Vritra-slayer still\nHe gives his worshippers much wealth.\n12 May he, this Sakra, strengthen us, Boon God who satisfies\nourneeds,\nIndra, with all his saving helps.\n13 To him, the mighty stream of wealth, the Soma-presser’s\nrescuing Friend,\nTo Indra sing your song of praise\n14 Who bringeth what is great and firm, who winneth glory in\nhis wars,\nLord of vast wealth through po\\^er and might.\n15 There livethnone to check or stay his energies andgracious\ndeeds\n:\nNone who can say, He giveth not.\n16 No debt is due by Brahmans now, by active men who press\nthejuice : *\nWellhath each Soma-draught been paid.\n17 Sing ye to him who must be praised, say lauds to him who\nmust be praised,\nBring prayer to him who must be praised.\n18 May he, unchecked, strong, meet for praise, bring hundreds,\nthousands forth to light,\nIndra who aids the worshipper.\n19 Go with fhy Godlike nature forth, go where the folk are\ncalling thee\nBrink, Indra, of the drops we pour.\n11 atakmtu; Lord of aHundred Powers.\n, 12 Sakra: theMighty.\nlb* TheBrahmans or worshippers have, by offering libations, discharged\ntheirobligations tothe Gods, andtheGods have repaid them, or will soon\nrepaythemfor theirofferings.\n18 Hundreds\n,\nthousands; countlesstreasuresforustoenjoy."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 813,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 33.] THE RIGVEJDA. 171\n20 Drink milky draughts which are thine own, this too which\nwas with Tugrya once,\nThis is it, Indra, that is thine.\n21 Pass him who pours libations outin angry mood or after sin *.\nHere drink the juice we offer thee.\n22 Overthethreegreatdistances, pasttheFivePeoplesgothyway,\n0 Indra, noticing our voice.\n23 Send forth thy ray like Sfirya let my songs attract thee\n:\nhitherward\nLike waters gathering to the vale.\n24 HowtotheHerofairof cheek, Adhvaryu, pourtheSomaforth\n:\nBring of the juice that he may drink\n:\n25 Who cleft the water-cloud in twain, loosed rivers for their\ndownward flow,\nAnd setthe ripe milk in the kine.\n26 He, meetforpraise, slewVritra, slewAhtsuva,t3rrnav£bha,sson,\nAnd pierced through Arbuda with frost.\n27 To himyourmatchless MightyOne,unconquerable Conqueror,\nSing forth the prayer which Gods have given\n28 Indra, who in the wild delight of Somajuice considers ' e\nAll holy Laws among the Gods.\n29 Hither let these thyBayfc who share thy banquet, Steeds with\ngolden manes,\nConvey thee to the feast prepared.\n30 Hither, 0 thouwhom manylaud, the Bayswhom Priyamedha-\npraised\nShall bring thee to the Soma-draught.\nHYMN XXXIII. Indra.\nWe compassthee like waters, we whose grass is trimmed and\nSoma pressed.\nHere where the filter pours its stream,thyworshippersround\nthee, 0 Vritra-slayer, sit.\n20 Whichwaswith Tugrya: likethatwhichthyfavouriteBhujyu(seeVol.\nI., Index) formerly offeredthee.\n22 Thethreegreatdistances; thespaceinfrontof thee, behind thee, and\natthyside. Noticingourvoice hearing and attending to our invocations.\nCometo us whoarethytrueworshippers, and pass by others who worship\ntheeinthehopeof being avengedupontheirenemies orof obtaining pardon\nforsomesin.\n26 f)rnavdbha’ssou: Aurnavftbha : a demon of drought. SeeII. 11. 18.\nWithfrost makingthepiercingcoldof winterhisweapon.\n1 The filter or woollen strainer through whichthe Somajuiceisrunto\npurifyit."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 814,
            "content": ": :::: : :\n172 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n2 Men, Vasa by the Soma, withlauds call thee to the fore-\n!\nmost place\nWhen comest thou athirst unto the juiee as home, 0 Indra,\nlike a bellowing bull?\n3 Boldly, Bold Hero,bring us spoil in thousands forthe Kanvas’\nsake\n0 active Maghavan, with eager prayer we crave the yellow-\nhued with store of kine,\n4 Medhy&tithi, toIndra sing,drinkofthejuicetomaketheeglad.\nClose-knit to ins Bay Steeds, bolt-armed, beside the juice is\nhe : his chariot is of gold. ;\n5 He who i§ praised as strong of hand both right and left, most\nwise and bold\nIndra who, richin hundreds, gathers thousands up, honoured\nas breaker-down offorts.\n6 The bold of heart whom none provokes, who standsinbearded\nconfidence\n;\nMuch-lauded, very glorious, overthrowing foes, strongHelper,\nlikea bull with might.\n107 Who knows what vital powerhe wins, drinking beside the\nlowingjuice?\nThis is the fair-cheeked God who, joying in the draught,\nbreaks down the castles in his strength.\n8 As a wild elephant rushes on, this way and that way, mad\nwith heat,\nNone may compelthee, yet come hithertothe draught\n;\nthou\nmovestmighty in thy power.\n9 When he, the Mighty,jne’er o’erthrowtt, stedfast, made ready\nforthe fight,\nWhen Indra Maghavan lists to his praise»’s call, he will not\nstand aloof, but come.\nYea, verily, thou arta Bull, with a bull’s rush, whom none*\nmay stay\n2 Ashome: asfamiliartotheeasthineownhome.\n3 Theyellow-kued thereisnosubstantive,hutgold mustbeintended.\n6 hibearded confidence: a conjectural paraphrase. Smdsrushu (in (his)\nbeard) issaidbyS&yanatomeanhere‘incombats,’thatis,perhaps,asLudwig,\nsuggests, amongranksof menbristling with spears. Butthis canhardly be\nthemeaningof thewordwhich(is probably an—idiomatic expression for the\nfiercelook of awarriorwhochallenges thefoe.’ Ludwig. So, in the Edda,\nTh6rr, whenabouttomeet a foe,issaid to have craised his beard’s voice.’\nSeeGrimm, Teutonic Mythology, I. 177 (EnglishTranslation).\n8 Madwithheat thatis,mast,oras phonetically spelt,must.\n10 Thouarta Bull: vrishd orstrong andmighty. As hasbeenobserved\nbefore (VIII, 13. 31, note), someof theYedicpoetsdelight in therepetition\nof thiswordanditsderivatives."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 815,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN 33.} *,TEE RIGVEDA . .17$\nThou, Mighty One, art celebrated as a Bull, famed as a Bull\nboth near and far.\n11 Thy reins are very bulls in strength, bulls' strength is in thy\ngolden whip.\nT• hy car, O Maghavan, thy Bays are strong as bulls : thou,\nSatakratu, art a Bull.\n12 Let the strong presser press for thee. Bring hither, thou\nstraight-rushing Bull.\nThe mighty makes the mighty run in flowing streams forthee\nwhom thy Bay Horses bear.\n13 Come, thou most potent Indra, come to drink^the savoury\nSoma juice.\nMaghavan, verywise, will quickly come to hearthe songs, the\nprayer, the hymns of praise.\n11 When tWix hastmounted on thy carletthy }rokedBay Steeds\ncarry thee\nPast other mens' libations, Lord of Hundred Powers, thee,\nVritra-slayer, thee om* Friend.\n15 0 thou Most Lofty One, accept our laud as nearest to thine\nheart.\nMay our. libations be most sweetto make thee glad, 0 Soma-\ndrinker, Heavenly Lor$.\n16 Neitherinthydecreenormine, butin another's he delights,\nThe man who brought us unto this.\n17 Indra himself hath said, The mind of woman brooks not dis-\ncipline,\nHer intellect hath little weight.\n18 His pair of horses, rushing on in their wild transport, draw\nhis car *\n:\nHigh-lifted is the stallion's yoke.\n19 Cast down thine eyes and look not up. More closely set thy\nfeet. Let none\nSee what thy garment veils, for thou, aBrahman,hastbecome\na dame.\n11 Golden whip thelightning, with which Indra lashes the clouds, his\nhorses.\n12 Themightymakesthemightyrun; thepriestmakestheSomajuiceflow.\n16 Thelastfourstanzasof thehymnarenot very intelligible,noristheir\nconnexionwith the precedingversesobvious. Stanzas16^and 18 appear o\nhespokenby awoman and17byaman. Stanza 19 is said to be addresae\nbyIndrato Asangasonof Playogawhohadbeenchangedtoawoman y\nimprecationof the Gods, andwhowasafterwardsrestoredtomanhood."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 816,
            "content": "!\n174 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK YIU.\nHYMN XXXIV.\nIndra.\nCome hither, Indra, with thy Bays, come thou to Kanva’s\neulogy.\nYe by command of yonder Dyaus, God bright by day ! have\ngone to heaven.\n2 May the stone draw thee as it speaks, the Soma-stone with\nringing voice.\nYe by command of yonder Dyaus, etc.\n3 The stones* rim shakes the Soma here like a wolf worrying a\nsheep.\nYe, eto.\n4 The Kanvas call thee hitherward for succour and to win the\nspoil.\nYe, etc.\n5 I setfor thee, asforthe Strong, the first draught-of the juices\nshed.\n6 Come with abundantblessings, come^th perfect care to suc-\ncour us.\n7 Come, Lord of lofty though who hast infinite wealth and\ncountless aids.\n8 Adorable mid God<the Priest good to mankind shall bring\nthee near. f\n9 As wings the falcon, so thy Bays rushing in joy shall carry\nthee.\n10 Come from the enemy to us, toSvaha ! andtheSoma-draught.\n11 Come hither with thine ear inclined to hear, take pleasure in\nour lauds.\n12 Lord of well-nourished Horses, comewith^well-fedSteeds alike\nin hue.\n13 Come hither from the mountains, come from regions of the\nsea of air.\nTheRishiis Nipatithi of the family of Kanva, but stanzas 16— 18 art\nascribedinthe Indextothe thousand Vasurochishas who are said to have\nbeenadivision of thefamilyofAngiras.\n1 The exact meaningof thesecondline, whichis the burden of the first\nfifteenstanzas,isobscure. YeprobablymeansIndra’shorses, and Godbright\ngb oy nd ea ty o/ h( ed ai vv ed nv .aso T) hI end Sr ca hoh li im ass tel of ff; ert sha tt wois, diy fe f, erh eo nr tse es x, pla an nd atit oh no su ,, iI nndr oa n, eh ca av se\ne\nboldlyaltering twowordsof thetext. SeeWilson’sTranslation,note.\n8 ThePriestgoodto manJcind: or,theInvoking Priest, Invoker or Herald\nestablishedbyManu, namelyAgni.\n10 Svdhd; anexclamationused in sacrifice Ave or Hail\n; !"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 817,
            "content": "—\n: ; ;\nHYMN 35.] TEE RIGVEDA. lit\n14 Disclose to us, 0 Hero, wealth in thousands both of kine and\nsteeds\n15 Bring richeshitherwardtousinhundreds, thousands, myriads.\nYe by command of yonder Dyaus, God bright by day have\n1\ngone to heaven.\n16 The thousand steeds, the mightiest troop, which weandIndra\nhave received\nFrom Vasurochis as a gift,\n17 The brown that match the wind in speed, and bright bay\ncoursers fleet of foot,\nLike Suns, resplendent are they all. ^\n18 Mid the Par&vata’s rich gifts, swift steeds whose wheels run\nrapidly,\nI seemed to stand amid a wood.\nHYMN XXXY.\nWith Agni and with Indra, Vishnu, Varuna, withthe Aa diA tsv yi an ss ,.\nRudras, Vasus, closely leagued\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya and with Dawn, OAsvins,\ndrink the Soma juice.\n2 With all the Holy Thoughts, all being, Mighty Ones ! inclose\nalliance with the Mountains, Heaven, and Earth\nAccordant, of onemind with Surya and with Dawn, 0Asvins,\ndrink the Soma juice.\n3 With all the Deities, three times eleven, here, inclose alliance\nwith the Maruts, Bhrigus, Floods;\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya andwithDawn, O Asvins,\ndrink the Soma nice.\nj\n4 Accept the sacrifice, attend to this my call; come nigh, 0 ye\nTwain Gods, to all libations here.\nAccordant, of one mind with Sfirya and with Dawn, O Asvins,\nbring us strengthening food.\n5 Accept ourpraise-song asayouthacceptsamaid. Comenigh,\n0 ye Twain Gods, to all libations here.\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya andwithDawn, O Asvins,\nbring us strengthening food.\n16 Vasurochis: vdsurochishahisprobablytheablativesingular,andnotthe\nnominativeplural, of thename of the inatitutor of the sacrifice. Wilson,\nfollowingS&yana, translates : ‘We, the thousand Vasuroehishas, and Indra\n(ourleader), whenwe obtain vigorousherdsof horses,\n18 ThePdrdvaiaisVasurochis. TheP&r&vatasarepr —obablythe7rapvr)ral\nof Ptolemy,who were settlednorthwards of Araehosia Ludwig.\n5 A youth—literallytwo youths. cAsyouths aredelighted(by the voices\nof maidens/ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 818,
            "content": ":\n176 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK YIIl\n6 Acceptthe songs we sing, accept the solemn rite. Come nigh,\n0 ye Twain Gods, to all libations here.\nAccordant, of one mind with Sdryaand with Dawn, 0 Asvins,\nbring us strengthening food.\n7 Ye fly as starlings fly unto the forest trees like buffaloes ye\n;\nseek the Soma we have shed.\nAccordant, of one mind with Sdrya and with Dawn, come\nthrice, 0 Asvins, to our home.\n8 Ye fly like swans, likethose who travel on their way like\n;\nbuffaloes ye seek the Soma we have shed.\nAccordant, of one mind with Sdrya and with Dawn, come\nthrice, 0 Asvins, to our home.\n9 Ye fly to our oblation like a pair of hawks like buffaloes ye\nseek the Soma we have shed. ;\nAccordant, ofone mind with Sdrya and with Dawn, come\nthrice, 0 Asvins, to our home.\n10 Coxpe hitherward and drink and satisfy yourselves, bestow\nupon us progeny and affluence.\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya and with Dawn, 0 Asvins,\ngrant us vigorous strength.\n11 Conqueryourfoes, protectus, praiseyourworshippers bestow\n;\nupon us progeny and affluence.^\nAccordant, of one mind with Sdrya and with Dawn, 0 Asvins,\ngrant us vigorous strength.\n12 Slay enemies, animate men whom ye befriend bestow upon\n;\nus progeny and affluence.\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya and withDawn, 0 Asvins,\ngrant us vigorous strength.\n13 With Mitra, Vanina, Dharma, and the Maruts in your com-\npany approach unto your praiser’s call.\nAccordant, of one mind with Sdrya and with Dawn, and with\ntbe Adityas, Asvins come.\n!\n14 With Vishnu and the Angirases attending you, and with the\nMaruts come unto your praiser’s call.\nAccordant, of one mind with Sdrya and with Dawn, and with\nthe Adityas, Asvins come.\nI\n15 With E-ibhus and with Vajas, 0yeMightyOnes, leagued with\nthe Maruts come ye to your praiser’s call.\nAccordant, of one mind with Sdrya and with Dawn, and\nwith the Adityas, Asvins come.\n!\n8 YecomeeagerlytotheSomaasthirstyhahsas (swans,geese, or flamin-\ngoes) travellers, andbuffaloeshasten tothewater.\n13 Dharma Bight, Justice. Law, VirtueorDuty personified."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 819,
            "content": ": : ! :\nHYMN THE RIGYEDA\n35.] . 177\n16 Give spirit to our prayer and animate our thoughts slay ye\nthe R&kshasas and drive away disease. ;\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya and with Dawn, the\npresser’s Soma, Asvins drink.\n!\n17 Strengthen the Ruling Power, strengthen the men of war;\nslay ye the R&kshasas and drive away disease.\nAccordant, of one mind with.Surya and with Dawn, the pres-\nser’s Soma, Asvins ! drink.\n18 Give strength unto the milch-kine, give the people strength,\nslay ye the Rakshasas and drive away disease.\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya and wit£ Dawn, the\npresser’s Soma, Asvins drink.\n!\n19 As ye heard Atri’s earliest eulogy, so hear Sy&vasva, Soma-\npresser, ye who reel in joy.\nAccordant, of one mind with Siirya and with Dawn, drink\njuice, 0 Asvins, three daysold.\n20 Further like running streams Sy&vasva’s eulogies who presses\nout the Soma, ye who reel in joy.\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya and with Dawn, drink\njuice, 0 Asvins, three daysold.\n21 Seize, as ye grasp the reins, Syavasva’s solemn rites whopres-\nses out the Soma, ye?yho reel in joy.\nAccordant, of one mind with Surya and with Dawn, drink\njuice, 0 Asvins, three days old.\n22 Drive down your chariot hitherward drink ye the Soma's\n:\nsavoury juice.\nApproach, ye Asvins, come to us I call you, eager for your\n:\n•aid. Grant treasures to the worshipper.\n23 When sacrifice0which tells our reverence hath begun, Heroes !\nto drink the gushing juice,\nApproach, ye Asvins, come to us : I call you, eager for your\naid. Granttreasures to the worshipper.\n24 Sate you with consecrated drink,with juiceeffused, ye Deities.\nApproach, ye Asvins, come to us : I call you, eager for your\naid. Grant treasures to the worshipper.\n17 TheRuling Power: kshatrdm: hende Kshatriya, aman ofthe princely\normilitaryorder.\n18 Thepeople: vims: hence Vaisya, amanofthemercantile classororder.\n19 AtrVs ashe wastheprogenitor oftheRishi oftheHymn. SeeYol. I.,\nIndex.\n21 Solemnrites thatis, the oblationspresentedthereat.\n24 Consecrated drink libations offered with the sacrificial exclamation\nSv&h& Ave or Hail\n! !\n12"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 820,
            "content": ": : ; ; :\nITS THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIJL\nHYMN XXXYI.\nIndra.\nThou helpest him whose grass is trimmed, who sheds the\njuice, 0 Satakratu, drink Soma to make thee glad.\nThe share which they have fixed for thee, thou, Indra, Victor\no'erall hosts andspace, begirt with Maruts, Lord ofHeroes,\nwinner ofthe floods.\n2 Maghavan, help thy worshipper : let him help thee. 0 Sata-\nkratu, drink Soma to make thee glad.\nThe share which they have fixed for thee, etc.\n3 Thou aidest Gods with food, and that with might aids thee.\n0 Satakratu, drink Soma to make thee glad.\n4 Creator of the heaven, creator of the earth, 0 Satakratu*\ndrink Soma to make thee glad.\n5 Father of cattle, father of all steeds art thou. 0 Satakratu,\ndrink Soma to make thee glad. 1\n6 Stone-hurler, glorify the Atris5 hymn of praise. 0 Satakratu,\ndrink Soma to make thee glad.\n7 Hear thou SyavAsva while he pours to thee, as erst thou\nheardest Atri when he wrought his holy rites.\nIndra, thou only gavest Trasadasyu aid in the fierce fight\nwith heroes, strengthening hisprayers.\nHYMN XXXVII.\nIndra.\nThis prayer, and those who shed the juice, in wars with\nVritra thou kolpest, Indra, Lord of Strength, with all thy\nsuccours.\n0 Vritra-slayer, from libation poured at noon, drink of the\nSoma juice, thou blameless Thunderer.\n2 Thou mighty Conqueror of hostile armaments, 0 Indra, Lord\nof Strength, with all thy saving help.\n1 Whichthey havefixed: whichalltheGods have assigned. Thishalf-verse\nis therefrainofstanzas 1—6. Andspace, begirt or, and widespace, girt. The\nfloods thewatersof heaven, therain.\nMm\n2 Let help thee according to Sftyana, protectthyself (by drinking\ntheSoma).’ 4The mutual relation between the Godandhis worshipperis\nexpressed,andthetranslation 4helpthyself* isridiculous.’—Ludwig.\n3 Food sacrificialfood. That food, especiallyintheshapeof Soma.\n7 Trasadasyu; an especial favouriteof Indra and the Asvins, celebrated\nforhisvictoriesandliberality. SeeIndex.\n1 0 Vritra-slayer, etc: this half-verse is repeated as a refrain in the five\nfollowing stanzas."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 821,
            "content": "—\n: :: :\nBYMN TBE RmVEDA.\n38.]\n. 3 Sole Ruler, thou art Sovran of this world of life, 0 Indra,\nLord of Strength, with all thy saving help.\n4 Thou only sunderest these two consistent worlds, 0 Indra,\nLord of Strength, with all thy saving help.\n5 Thou art the Lord supreme o’er rest and energy, ’O Indra,\nLord of Strength, with all thy saving help\n.\n6 Thou helpest one to power, and one thou \"hast not helped, 0\nIndra, Lord of Strength, with all thy saving aid.\n7 Hear thou Syavasva while he sings to thee, as erst thou\nheardest Atri when he wrought his holy rites.\nIndra, thou only gavest Trasadasyu aid in tlie fierce fight\nwith heioes, strengthening his powers.\nHYMN XXXVIH. IndraAgni.\nYe Twain are Priests of sacrifice, winners in war and holy\nworks\n:\nIndra and Agni, mark this well.\n2 Ye bounteous riders on the car, ye Vritra-slayers unsubdued\nIndra and Agni, mark this well. :\n2 The men with pressing-stones have pressed this meath of\nyours which gives delight\n:\nIndra and Agni, mark this well,\n4 Accept our sacrifice for weal, sharers of praise the Soma\n!\nshed\nIndra and Agni, Heroes, come.\n5 Be pleased with these libations which attract you to our\nsacred gifts :\nIndra and Agni*Heroes, come.\n6 Accept this eulogy of mine whose model is the G&yatrt : Indra\nand Agni, Heroes, come.\n4 Consistentworlds thereis nosubstantiveinthetext,and loTcau (worlds)\nis suppliedby S&yana.\n5 Restandenergy orpeaceandwar. *Prosperityand gains/—Wilson.\n6 Topower: ksatr&ya therule exercisedbyprinces.\n7 Repeated froir / • ' y tw— i withthealterationof two words\nrMat ah, singing, ’ pouring (libations), and 'hshatr&ni\n(princely) powers instead of brdhmdni, prayers, ‘as if/ observes Dr. Muir,\n*theformer (brahmdni,)contained a —referencetothefunctionsof thepriest,\nandthelattertothoseoftheprince/ 0. S . Texts, X. 263.\n—\n1 Mark thiswell A:dchear (thepraise)of this(thyworshipper).’ Wikon.\n2 Bounteom t to ; accordingtoS&yana, ‘destroyers (offoes)/\n6 WhosemodelistheGdyatri: composedin G&yatrtmetre."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 822,
            "content": ": : : !!\n180 THEHYMNS OF [BOOK VITL\n7 Comewith theearly-faring Gods, ye who are Lords ofgenuine\nwealth\n:\nIndra-Agni, to the Soma-draught\n!\n8 Hear ye the call of Atris, hear Syav&sva as he sheds the\njuice\n:\n10 Indra-Agni to the Soma-draught\n9 Thus have I called you to our aid as sages called on you of\nold\n:\nIndra-Agni to the Soma draught\nIndra’s and Agni’s grace I claim, Sarasvati’s associates\nTo whonfthis psalm of praise is sung.\nHYMN XXXIX.\nAgni.\nThe glorious Agni have I praised, and worshipped with the\nsacred food.\nMay Agni deck the Gods for us. Between both gathering-\nplaces hegoesonhisembassy, theSage. May all theothers\ndie away.\n2 Agni, burn down the word within their bodies through our\nnewest speech,\nAll hatreds of the godless, all the wicked man’s malignities.\nAway let thedestroyers go. May all the others die away.\n3 Agni, I offer hymns tothee, like holy oil within thy mouth.\nAcknowledge them among the Gods, for thou art the most\nexcellent, the worshipper’s blissful messenger. Let all the\nothers dieaway.\n4 Agni bestows all vital power even as each man supplicates.\nHe brings the Yasus strengthening gifts, ^and grants delight,\nin rest and stir, for every calling on the Gods. Let all the\nothers die away.\n5 Agni hath made himselfrenownedbywonderfulvictoriousact.\nHe is the Priest of allthetribes, chosenwithsacrificialmeeds.\nHe urges Deities to receive. Let all the others die away,\n7 Early-faringGods ‘ButThouwastupatbreakof day.’—GeorgeHerbert.\n10 Sarasvati’sassociates: accordingtoS&yana, *towhompraise belongs/\n1 Deck—the Gods for us: ‘brighten the gods with the oblations at our\nsacrifice.’ Wilson, Bothgathering-places: heavenandearth. Alltheothers:\nanyalce same meaning,accordingtoS&yana,allourenemies.\n2 Allha—tredofikegodless: ardtirardvndmmustbe read instead of ardtt\nrardvndm Ludwig.\n,\n5 Withsacrificialmeeds: dalcshindbhih hisdakshindsorhonorariaasPriest\naretheoblationswhichhereceives asa God."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 823,
            "content": ": : :\nEYttN 40.] the rigveda. 181\n6 Agni knows all that springs from Gods, he knowsthemystery\nof men.\nGiver of wealth is Agni, heuncloses boththe doorsto uswhen\nworshipped with our newest gift. Let all the others die\naway.\n7 Agni inhabiteth with Gods and men who offer sacrifice.\nHe cherisheth with great delight much wisdom, as all things\nthat be, God among Gods adorable. May all the others die\naway.\n8 Agni who liveth in all streams, Lord of the Sevenfold Eace of\n10\nmen,\nHim dweller in three homes we seek,bestslayerof theDasyus\nforMandh&tar, firstinsacrifice. Letalltheothersdieaway.\n9 Agnithe Wiseinhabiteththree gathering-places,triplyformed.\nDecked as our envoy let the Sage bring hither and conciliate\nthe Thrice Eleven Deities. Let all the others die away.\nOar Agni, thou art first among the Gods, and first mid living\nmen.\nThou only rulestover wealth. Eound about thee, as natural\ndams, circumfluous thewaters run. Let all the others die\naway.\nHYMN XL. Indra-Agni.\nJndra and Agni, surely ye as Conquerors will give us wealth,\nWhereby in fight we may o’ercome that which is strongand\nfirmly fixed, as Agni burns the woods with wind. Let all\nthe others die away.\n2 We set no snares to tangle you Indra we worship and adore,\n;\nHero of heroes mightiest.\nOnce may he cbme unto us with his Steed, come unto us to\nwin us strength, and to complete the sacrifice.\nmm6 T ih sat ths epri fn ug ts urf er .o—m LG uo dd ws ig.the Dop ta hst ta hn ed dt oh oe rsp :res oe fnt, weaw lh ti hl ,e ot rh ,e pm ey rs hte ar py\ns\noo ff\nheaven also.\n8 Lordof theSevenfoldDaceof men perhaps meaning, God of all men,\nl ti ek re edVa ti os bv£ yn sa er va e; no pr rit eh ste s.r ’e—fe Wr ie ln sc oe nm .ay 'Ab ce tt io ngthe asse sv ee vn enpri pe rs it es st: s.* ’W —h Mo .is Mumi ln li es r- .\nMandhdtar : saidto betbesameasMftndMtar, son of Yuvan&sva, and Itishi\nof X. 134.\n9 Threegathering'places: heaven, firmament,andearth.\n10 Round about thee...the waters run: Cf. ‘Him, pure, resplendent,\nOffspring of the Waters, the waters pure have on all sides encompassed*.\n(XI. 35. 3).\n1 Let alltheothers dieaway : thisrefrainrecursin allstanzasofthehymn\nexcepttbefinal.\n2 Once: kaddchit expressiveof impatience,—Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 824,
            "content": "—\nI82 THEHYMM OF [BOOK VM,\ni\n3 For, famous Indra-Agtii, yearedwellers inthemidst of frays.\nSages in wisdom, ye are knit to him who seeketh you as\nfriends. Heroes, bestow on him his wish.\n4 NabMka-l'ike,withsacredsongIndra’s andAgni’spraise Ising,\nTheirs to whom all this world belongs, this heaven and this\nmightyearth which bear rich treasure in their lap.\n5 To Indra and to Agni send your prayers, as was Nabh&ka’s\nwont,\nWho ope—d withsideway opening the sea with its foundations\n9 seven Indra all powerful inhis might.\n6 Tear thou asunder, as of old, like tangles of a creeping plant,\ndemolishthou the Dasa's might. May we with Indra’s help\ndivide the treasure he hath gathered up.\n7 What time with this same song these men call Indra-Agni\nsundry ways,\nMay we with our ownheroesquellthosewho provokeus tothe\nfight, and conquer those who strive with us.\n.8 The Two refulgent with their beams rise and come downward\nfrom the sky.\nByIndra’s and by Agni^s best, flowing away, t4 he rivers run\nwhich they released from their restraint.\n0 Indra, many are thine aids, many thy ways of guiding us,\nLord of the Bay Steeds, Hinva’s Son. To a Good Hero come\nour prayers, which soon shall haveaccomplishment.\n10 Inspire him with your holy hymns, the Hero bright and\nglorious,\nHim whowith might demolisheth even thebroad of Sushna,\nand winneth for us the heavenly streams.\n11 Inspire him worshipped with fair rites, the glorious Hero\ntruly brave.\nHebrakeinpieces Sushna’s.brood who still expected not the\nstroke, and won forus the heavenly streams. Let all the\nothers die away.\n4 Nabhdka-like; ISTabh&kamayhavebeenthefatherofNAbMka theRishi\nofthehymn.\n5 Who oped: 4whooverspread (withtheirlustre)/— Wilson. TheCommen-\ntatordoesnotexplain thepassage.\n7 Thissamesong: ahymnlike ourown,forvictoryinbattle.\n8 The Tworefulgent loiththeirbeams: apparently the Sunand Moon. Ac-\ncordingtoS&yana, IndraandAgni areintended.\n9 Ilinva'sSon: Hinva (thedriver, impeller,instigatorof actions), afather\ninventedforIndrabythepoet. Toa GoodHero : toIndra. Them —eaningof\ntheverse,evenwiththehelpofthescholiast,isfarfrom,intelligible.* Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 825,
            "content": "— —\n: : ;\nWYMN 41.] THE UIQVEDA. 183\n12 Thus have we sung anew to Indra-Agni, as sang our sires,\nAngirases, and MandhAtar.\nGuard us with triple shelter and preserve us may we bo\n;\nmasters of a store ofriches.\nHYMN XLL\nVaruna.\nTo make this Varuna come forth, sing thou a song unto the\nbaud of Maruts wiser than thyself, .\nThis Varuna who gaardeth well the thoughts of men like\nherds of kine.\nLet all the others die away.\n2 Him altogether praise I with the song and hymns our fathers\nsang, and with N abbaka’s eulogies,\nHim dwelling at the rivers’ source, surrounded by his Sisters\nSeven.\n3 The nights he hath encompassed, and sfcablished the morns\nwith magic art : visible over all is he.\nHis dear Ones, followi1ng his Law, ha,ve prospered the Three\nDawns for him.\n4 He, visible o’er all the earth, stablished the quarters of the\nsky\n:\nHe measured out the easternplace, that isthefold of Varuna\n:\nlike a strong herdsman is the God.\n5 He who supports the worlds of life, he who well knows the\nhidden names mysterious of the morning-beams,\nHe cherishes much wisdom, Sage, as heaven brings forth each\nvaried form.\n6 In whom all wisdom centres, as the nave is set within the\nwheel. *\nHaste ye to honour Trita, as kine haste to, gather in the fold,\neven as they muster steeds to yoke.\ntiv1 e—T po rm aka rk ie sht thi as dhV aa nr du yn aa :c *o tm oe tf ho ar tth o: puS l& ey ntana Vae rx up nl aa .i ’n—sp Wr id lb sh oU nt .aye Wias sea rn ;a md ojo re e*\nskilledinsinging. Thethoughts holythoughts and devotions. The refrain,\nLetall, etc., recursatthe end ofeverystanza.\n2 Ndbkdka's thatis, mineown. SistersSeven thefiveriversofthePanjdb,\nthe Indus, and perhapsthe Kublifc. SeeI 32, note.\n3 Bis dear 0 \" -*'.* : V- nights,which giveplacetothemornings.\nThree Dawns : 1 ’ '• V- morning, noon, audevening.\n4 Thefold: or,perhaps,thecourse,meaning theplacefromwhichhestarts.\n6 THta: Varuna, here, apparently,identifiedwiththisancient God who\nrepresentstheexpanse ofheaven. Accordingto S&yana, (Varuna) ‘whoabides\ninthethreeworlds,’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 826,
            "content": ": ; :\n184 2HE HYMNS OP [.tiOOK VItl.\n7 He wraps these regions as a robe he contemplates the tribes\n;\nof Gods and all the works of mortal men.\nBefore the home of Varuna all the Gods follow his decree.\n8 He is an Ocean far-removed, yet through the heaven to him\nasdends the worship which these realms possess.\nWith his bright foot he overthrew their magic, and went up\n10\nto heaven.\n9 Ruler, whose brightfar-seeing rays,pervading all threeearths,\nhave filled the three superior realms of heaven.\nFirm is the seat of Varuna : over the Seven he rules as King.\nWho, after: his decree, o’erspread the Dark Ones with a robe\noflight;\nWho measured out the ancient seat, who pillared both the\nworlds apart as the Unborn supported heaven. Let all the\nothers die away.\nHYMN XLIL Varuna.\nLord of all wealth, the Asura propped the heavens, and mea-\nsured out the broad earth's wide expanses.\nHe, King supreme, approached all living creatures. All these\nare Varuna’s holy operations.\n4\n2 So humbly worship Varuna tb© Mighty revere the wise\n;\nGuard ofthe World Immortal.\nMayhe vouchsafe us triply-barred protection. 0 Earth and\nHeaven, within your lap preserve us.\n7 Thisstanzaisveryobscure, andmyrenderingis conjectural. Thecom-\nmentaryis defective,andvon Rothand Ludwigthink that the correctness of\nonewordinthetextis doubtful. Accordingto the slightalterationsuggest-\ned bythelatterscholar, *underthelead> wouldstand*instead of ‘ before the\nhome.’\n8 Thefirstlineofthisstanzaalsois difficult. Wilson, following S&yana,\nstr ua nn )sl ta ht ees sk: y‘H we hi es nth he eh hi ad sde pln aco ec dea tn he; ss aw ci rf it fih cee im no tu hn ot ss e( (t rh ee gioh ne sa ov fen) theas fir( mt ah -e\nment)/ Ludw; ig’sinterpretation, which Ifollow, requires tirdh to be read\ninsteadofturdh(swift). Theirmagic themagicalartsofthefiendsofdarkness.\n9 Firm: so Hesiod (Theog. V. 127) calls Ouranos=Varuna the €§0£\nacr(paXeCjthe firm seat ofthe Gods. SeeM.Muller, Chips fromaGerman\nWorkshop, IV. xx (new edition). The Seven rivers, understood.\n10 The Dark Ones: thenights,whichVaruna turns into days. But see\nChips, IV.xxii. The Unborn: the primeval, everlasting, uncreatedDivine\nBeing. AccordingtoS&yanavthe Sun.\n1 TheAsura the HighGod, Varuna. fThewisespirit/— M. Muller.\n2 Ofthe WorldImmortal ; amritasya ; accordingto S&yana, of amrit or\nambrosia."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 827,
            "content": ";\nHYMN 43.] THE RjGYEDA. 185\n3 Sharpen this song of him who strives his utmost, sharpen,\nGodVaruna, his strength and insight\nMay we ascend the ship that bears us safely, whereby we may\npass over all misfortune.\n4 Asvins, with songs the singer stones have made yoh hasten\nhitherward,\nN&satyas, to the Soma-draught. Let all the others die away.\n5 As the sageAtri withhis hymns, 0 Asvins, called you eagerly,\nNasatyas, to the Soma-draught. Let all the others die away.\n6 Sohave I called you to our aid, even as the wise have called\nof old, *\nNasatyas, to the Soma-draught. Let all the others die away.\nHYMN\nXLIII. Agni.\nThesesongsofminegoforthaslaudsofAgni, thedisposingSage,\nWhose worshipper is ne’er overthrown.\n2 Wise Agni Jatavedas, I beget a song of praise for thee.\nWho willingly receivest it.\n3 Thy sharpened flames, 0 Agni, like the gleams of light that\nglitter through,\nDevour the forests with their teeth.\n4 Gold-coloured, bannered*with the smoke, urged by the wind,\naloft to heaven\nEise, lightly borne, the flames of fire.\n1 50 These lightly kindled fiery flames are all around made visible,\nEven as the gleamings of the Dawns.\n6 As Jatavedas speeds along, the dust is black beneath his^feet,\nWhen Agni spreads upon the earth.\n7 Making the plants his nourishment, Agni devours andwearies\nnot,\nSeeking the tender shrubs again.\n8 Bending him down with all his tongues, he flickers with his\nfiery glow :\nSplendid is Agni in the woods.\n9 Agni, thine home is in the floods : into the plants thou\nforcest way,\nAnd as their Child art born anew.\nWorshipped with offerings shines thy flame, 0 Agni, from\nthe sacred oil,\nWith kisses on the ladle’smouth.\n3 Theship: ametaphorical expressionforhymn andsacrifice. Cf. I. 46. 7 ,\n140. 12 j IX. 89. 2 ; X. 44. 6 ; 63. 10 ; 101. 2 ; 105. 9."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 828,
            "content": "—\n: :\n186 TEE HYMNS OF {BOOK VIII.\n11 Let us serve Agni with ourhymns, Disposer, fed on ox and\ncow,\nWhobears the Soma on his back.\n12 Yea, thee, 0 Agni, do we seek with homage and with fuel,\nPriest\nWhose wisdom is mostexcellent.\n13 0worshipped with oblations, pure Agni, we call on thee as\nerst\nDid Bhrigu, Manus, Angiras.\n14 For thou, 0 Agni, by the fire,Sage by the Sage, Good by the\nGood,\nFriend by the Friend, art lighted up.\n15 So wealth in thousands, food with store of heroes give thou to\nthe sage,\n0 Agni, to theworshipper.\n16 0 Agni, Brother, made by strength, Lord of red steeds and\nbrilliant sway,\nTake pleasure in this laud of mine.\n17 My praises, Agni, go to thee, as the cows seek the stall to\nmeet\nThe lowing calf that longs for mjjk.\n18 Agni, best Angiras, totheeallpeoplewhohavepleasanthomes\nApart, have turned as to their wish.\n19 The sages skilledinholysongandthinkers with theirthoughts\nhave urged\nAgni to share the sacred feast.\n20 So, Agni, unto thee the Priest, Invoker,strong inforays, pray\nThose who spin out the sacrifice. *\n21 In many a place, the same in look art thou, a Prince o’er all\nthe tribes\n:\nIn battles we invoke thine aid.\n11 Fedonoxand coio 'theeaterof theox,the eater of the marrow.’\nWilson, Who hears the—Somaon his bach; sbmajprishthdya; £onwhosehack\nthe libationispoured.’ Wilson.\nthe14 firS eA py ra on da ur ce ef der bs yto frt ich te ioA nit fa rr oe mya thB er td wh oma an raa n, iI s. [1 f6 i, re-‘ sw tih ci kc s]h id ses tc hr rib oe ws nh ino tw\no\ntheAhavaniya fire, intheAtithyeshticeremony. “Inthe versetwainhyagm\n[Forthou, 0Agni]etc.,theonevipra(asage)meansoneAgni,theothervipra\ntheotherAgni ; theonesan(being, existing—) means the one, the other san\n(insatd)theotherAgni.’ (Haug’s trails.).’ hTote by E. B. C. in Wilson’s\nTranslation. Sdnandsatdmay alsomean 'good,’\n16 Made bystrength producedbyviolentagitationof thefire-stick."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 829,
            "content": ": : !\nBTMN 44.] ms RIGVEDA. 187\n22 Pray thou to Agni, pray to him who blazes servedwith sacred\noil\nLet him give ear to this our call.\n23 We call on thee as such, as one who hears, as JAtavedas, one,\nAgni\n!\nwho beats away ourfoes.\n24 I pray to Agni, King of men, the Wonderful, the President\nOf holy Laws : may he give ear.\n25 Him like a bridegroom, him who stirs all people, like a noble\nhorse,\nLike a fleet steed, weinstigate.\n26 Slaying things deadly, burning up foes, Raksha^as, on every\nside,\nShine, Agni, with thy sharpened flame.\n27 Thou whomthepeoplekindleevenasManus did,,best Angiraa\n0 Agni, mark thou this my speech. t\n28 0 Agni, made by strength be thou born in the heavens or\n!\nborn in floods,\nAs such we call on thee with songs,\n29 Yea, all the people, all the folk who have good dwellings,,\neach apart,\nSend food forthee to eat^hereof.\n30 0 Agni, so may we, devout, gazed at by men, throughout our\ndavs\nPasslightly overall distress.\n31 We venerate with cheerful heartsthecheerfulAgni,deartoall,\nBurning, with purifying flame.\n32 Sothou, 0Agnirichinlight,beaminglike Suryawiththyrays\nBoldly demolishsst the gloom.\n2>3 Wepray to theefor this thygift, Yictor ! the gift that faileth\nnot,\n0 Agni, choicest wealth from thee.\nHYMN XLIY. Agni.\nPay service unto Agni with your fuel, rouse your Guest with\noil :\nIn him present your offerings.\n2 Agni, do thou accept my laud, be magnifiedbythismysong :\nWelcome my sweetly-spoken words.\n28 Inthe heavens: asthe Sun. Infloods: in thewatersof thefirmament\nas-lightning. —\n30 Gazedatbymen —objectsoftheiradmiration. ‘Beholdingmen.’ Wilson,\n‘Living(among,men),1 St.-PetersburgLexicon."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 830,
            "content": ": :\nm\nTBS BtMNS OP [POOR V1IL\n3 Agni, envoy, I placein front ; the oblation-bearer I address :\nHere let him seat the Deities.\n4 Agni, the lofty flames of thee enkindled havegone uponhigh,\nThy bright flames, thou Refulgent One.\n5 Beloved ! let my ladles full of sacred oil come near to thee :\nAgni, accept our offerings.\n— —\n6 I worship Agni may he hear! the cheerful, the Invoker,\nPriest\nOfvaried splendour, rich in light.\n170 AncientInvoker,meetforpraise,belovM Agni,wise andstrong,\nThe visitantof solemn rites.\n8 Agni,bestAngiras,acceptstraightwaytheseofferings,andguide\nThe seasonable sacrifice.\n9 Excellent God, with brilliant flames, enkindled bring thou\nhitherward,\nKnowing the way, the Heavenly Host.\nHim,Sage andHerald,voidofguile, ensign ofsacrifices, him\nSmoke-bannered,rich in light, vte seek.\n110 Agni,beourGuardianthou, God, againstthosewhoinjureus\n:\nDestroy our foes, thou Son of Strength.\n12 Making his body beautiful, Agni^he Sagehathwaxen by\nThe singer and his ancient hymn.\n13 1 invocate the Child of Strength, Agni with purifying flame,\nAt this well-ordered sacrifice.\n14 So Agni, rich in many friends, with fiery splendour, seat\nthyself\nWith Gods upon our sacred grass.\n15 The mortal man who serves the God Agni within his own\nabode,\nFor him he causes wealth to shine.\n16 Agni is head and height of heaven, the Master of the earth\nis he :\nHe quiekenetb the waters* seed.\n17 Upward, 0Agni, rise thy flames, pure and resplendent, blaz-\ning high,\nThy lustres, fair effulgences.\n—\n14 Richinmanyfriends ‘thou whohastMitra’ssplendour.’ Ludwig.\n15 Forhimhecauses w—ealth toshine; or, 1Tohimheshinesforthopulence/\n'Tohimhegivesriches,’ Wilson.\n16 Thewaters' seed as lightning, heimpregnates the wate rs of theair."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 831,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 45.] THE RIGYEDA. 389\n18 For, Agni, thou as Lord ofLight rulest o'er choicest gifts:\nmay\nI,\nThy singer, finddefence in thee.\n19 0 Agni, they who understand stir thee to action with their\nthoughts\n:\nSo let our songs enhance thy might.\n20 We ever claim the friendship of Agni, the singin°g messeng°er,\nOf Godlike nature, void of guile. ?\n21 Agni who hears mostholy sway, the holy Singer, holy Sage,\nShines holy when we worship him.\n22 Yea, let. my meditations, let my songs exalt thee evermore\nThink, Agni, of our friendlybond. :\n23 If I were thou and thou wert I, 0 Agni, every prayer of\nthine\nShould have its due fulfilment here.\n24 For Excellent and Lord of wealth art thou, 0 Agni, rich in\nlight\n:\nMay we enjoy thy favouring grace.\n25 Agni, to thee whose laws stand fast our resonant songs of\npraise speed forth\nAs rivers hasten to the sea.\n26 Agni, the Youthful L8rd of men, who stirreth much and\neateth all,\nThe Sage, I glorify with hymns.\n27 To Agni let us haste with lauds, the Guide of sacrificial rites,\nArmed with sharp teeth, the Mighty One.\n28 And let this man, good Agni, be with thee the singer of thy\npraise\n:\nBe gracious, Holy One, to him.\n29 For thou art sharer of our feast, wise, ever watchful as a\nSage\n:\nAgni, thou shinest in the sky.\n30 0 Agni, Sage, before.our foes, before misfortunesfall on us,\nExcellent Lord, prolong ourlives.\nHYMN XLY. In<ha.\nHitherward they who light the flame and straightway trim\n!\nthe sacred grass,\nWhose Friend is Indra everyoung.\n—\n26 Eatethall: consumesthe entire oblation. S&yana. But the meaning\nisprobablygeneral.\n28 Thisman : theRishiorsingerhimself.\n29 Inthe sky or,uptoheaven."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 832,
            "content": ": ; :\nTm STMm\n,»> OF [J300K VITI.\n,2 High, is their fuel, great their lati&, wide istheir splinter from\nthe stake,\nWhose Friend is Indra ever young.\n3 Uuquelledinfighttheheroleadshisarmywiththewarriorchiefs?\nWhoso Friend is Indra ever young.\n4: The new-horn Vritra-slayer asked his Mother, as he seized\nhis shaft,\nWho are the fierce^ Who are renowned h\n5 Savasi answered, He who seeks thine enmity will battle like\nA\nstately elephant on a hill.\n.6 And hear^ 0 Maghavan ; to him who craves of thee thou\ngrantest all\nWhate’er thou makest firm is firm.\n7 What time the Warrior Indra goes to battle, borne by noble\nsteeds,\nBest-of allcharioteers is he.\n8 Repel, 0 Thunder-armed, in all directions all attacks on us :\nAndbe our own most glorious God.\n9 MayIndrasetourcarinfront, inforemostplacetowinthespoil?\nHe whom the wicked injure not.\n10 Thine enmity maywe escape, and, Sakra, for thybounty, rich\nIn kine, may we come near to tbefe\n11 Softly approaching, Thunder-armed 1 wealthy by hundreds,\nrich in steeds,\nUnrivalled, ready with our gifts.\n12 Forthineexaltedexcellencegivesto thy worshippers each day\nHundreds and thousands of thy boons.\n13 Indra, we know thee breaker-down evei^ of strong forts,\nwinner of spoil,\nAs one who conquers wealth for us.\n11 Though thou art highest, Sage and Bold let the drops cheer\n!\nthee when we come\nTo thee as to a trafficker.\n2 Splinter: thefirstshaving, splinter,orstripofwood, cutfromthe yilpa\norsacrificialpost,andusedinthesacrifice.\n4 Assoon ashewasbornIndrashowed hiswarlike disposition, and asked\nwhatworthyopponentsheshouldhave.\nfol5 loS wav Sa &s yi o, naor, wt hh oe eS xt pr lo an ig nsDa upm se tih; h ai ss dm ao rt sah ne tr yoAd gi at ji a.\nh\nA abs et aat ue tl iy fue lle ep lh ea pn ht ant,I\nha el ath do (u Vg .h 8i 0n .o 6t ).her Tp hla ece as llt uh sie onwo ir sd tose the ems sit zo em ae na dn stb re ea nu gt t,y h( oI f. Y1 r2 it4 ra7 ,), Ina dn rd a’sfo fr ue --\ntureantagonist.\n14 A stoa trafficker: as to onewho knowsthe value of ourworship and\noblationsandwillgiveussomethinginreturn."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 833,
            "content": ": :\nTm\nMYMN 45.] RIGVEDA. 191\n15 Bring unto us the treasure of the opulent man who, loth to\ngive,\nHath slighted thee for gain of wealth.\n3/6 Indra, these friends of ours, supplied with Soma, wait and\nlook to thee,\nAs men with fodder to the herd.\n17 And thee who art not deaf, whose ears are quick to listen, for\nour aid,\nWe call to us from far away.\n18 When thou hast listened, make our call one which thou never\nwilt forget, ^\nAnd be our very nearest Friend.\n19 When even now, when we have been in trouble, we have\nthought of thee,\n0 Indra, give us gifts of kine.\n20 0 Lord of Strength, we rest on thee, as old men rest upon a\nstaff\nWe long to have thee dwell with us.\n21 To Indra sing a song of praise, Hero of mighty valour, him\nWhom no one challenges to war.\n22 Hero, the Soma being shed, I pour the juice for theeto drink:\nSate thee and finish thy •arouse.\n23 Let not the fools, or those who mock, beguile thee when they\nseek thine aid\n:\nLove not the enemies of prayer.\n24 Here let them with rich milky draught cheer thee to great\nmunificence\n:\nDrink as the wild-bull drinks the lake.\n25 Proclaim in ourAssemblies what deeds, new and ancient, far\naway\nThe Vritra-slayer hath achieved.\n26 In battle of a thousandarms Indra drank Kadru’sSoma juice:\nThere he displayed his manly might.\n27 True undeniable strength he found in Yadu and in Turvasa,\nAnd conquered through the sacrifice.\n23 Theenemiesofprayer; according to S&yanathosewhohate Br&hmans.\n24 Thewild-bull thegaura.\nof2 o6 neKa ofdr tt hf es ofS fo icm ia atj iu ni gce pr: ieK sa tsd .ru h Te hr eei Ss t.app Pa er te en rt sl by urt ghe Ln ea xim ce onof taa keT sUs ih tio tr o\nmean, from&hadrdor Soma-vessel.\nof2 T7 urU vn ad se ani aa nb dle Y; aa dh una :v ‘d hy ey od vm e, ra cc aco mr edi An hg nt ao v&S y&y ya ana i, nbis att th le e.n ’a —m We ilo sf ont .heenemy"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 834,
            "content": ":\nTEM HYMNS OF [HOOK Wit\n192\n28 Him have I magnified, our Lord in common, Guardian of jour\nfolk,\nDiscloser of great wealth inkine ;\n29 Ribhukshan, not tobe restrained, who strengthened Tugra’s\nson in lauds,\nIndra beside the flowing juice\n;\n30 Who for Trisoka clave the hill that formed a wide receptacle,\nSo that the cows might issue forth.\n31 Whatever thy plan or purpose be, whatever, in transport, thou\nwouldst do, ^\nDo it not^Indra, but be kind. V\\\n32 Butlittle hath been heard ofdone x\\\\n the earth by one\nlike thee *\n:\nLet thine heart, Indra, turn to us.\n33 Tbiue then shall be this high renown, thine shall these lofty\npraises be,\nWhen, Indra, thou art kind to us.\n34 Not for one trespass, not for two, 0 Hero, slay us, nor for\nthree,\nNor yetfor many trespasses.\n35 I fear one powerful likef^hee, the crusher-down of enemies,\nn\nMighty, repelling all attac^,\n36 0 wealthy God, ne’er may I live to see my friend or son in\n32 need\nHitherward let thy heart he turned.\n37 What friend, 0 people, unprovoked, hath ever said unto a\nfriend,\nHe turns and leaves us in distress?\n38 Hero, insatiate enjoy this Soma juice so near to thee,\nEven as a hunter rushing down.\n29 jRibhuhshan: Indra, Lordofthe ftibhus. Tugvet’s son: Bhujyu. Ac-\ncording toS&yana, tugryavridhammeans £augmenter ofwater/\n30 Thehillisthemassive rain-cloud, andthecowsarestreams ofwater,\n31 D —o itnot: *S&yanaunderstandsthis, “doitnot,forthou hastdoneit\nforus, onlymakeushappy.” ConIditbeth—atthe worshipperhadafeeling\nofnemesis1 or would he monopolize all?’ Note byE.B. C, in Wilson’s\nTranslation.\n—\n1Inthefollowingverses (32 36)thepoetseemstoexpress disappoint-\ntm ie mn et ea nt trt eh ae tsin ha isde gq ru aa ct ee am na dni ff oe rs gt ia vt ei no en sso /f—In 0d ,r &a’s Tp exo tw se ,r Y, .w ph .il 1e 11h .e atthesame\n37 ThisstanzaisIndra’s answer to the poet’s complaint. Th^What\nseemsto be: nofriendwithoutgoodcausecalls his friend a traj/orsaben\nthen haveIdone, orleftundone, thatthou shouldstsaythatK hdkah.\nthee? SeeLudwig’s Commentary onthevery difficultjaM\n\\"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 835,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMN 46,] THE JLIGTEDA. in\n39 Hither I draw those Bays of thine yoked hy our hymn, with\nsplendid car,\nThat thou mayst give unto the priests*\n40 Drive all our enemies away, smite down the foes who press\naround,\nAnd bring the wealth for which we long:\n41 0 Jndra, that which is concealed in strong firm place precipi-\ntous\n:\nBring us the wealth for which we long\n42 Great riches which the world of men shall recognize as sent\nby thee *\n:\nBring us the wealth for which we long*\nhymn\nxlvi.\nindra.\nWe, Indra, Lord of ample wealth, our Guide, depend on one\nlikethee,\nThou driver of the Tawny Steeds*\n2 For, Hurler of the Bolt, we know thee true, the giver of our\nfood,\nWe know thee giver of our wealth.\n3 0 thou whose majesty the bards celebrate with their songs,\nthou Lord ^\nOf hundred powers and hundred aids.\n4 Fair guidance hath the mortal manwhomAryaman, theMarut\nhost,\nAnd Mitra, void of guile, protect.\n5 Kine, steeds, and hero strength he gains, and prospers, by the\nAdityas sped,\nEver in wealth which all desire*\n6 We pray to Indra for his gift, to him the Fearless and the\nStrong,\nWe pray to him the Lord of wealth,\n7 For verily combined in him are all the fearless powers of aid.\nHim, rich in wealth, let swift Steeds bring to us, his Bays, to\nSoma juice for his carouse :\n8 Yea, that most excellent carouse, Indra, whichslays most ene-\nmies,\nWith Heroeswinsthelight of heaven, andisinvinciblein war :\nThe hymn appears tobecomposedof—twoormore originallyseparatehymns\n(see Pischel, VedisokeStudten, I.pp. 7 9). Thereareseventeen varieties of\nmetre (see Indexof Hymns). Thehymn is difficult and obscure in parts,\nwhere only conjecturaltranslationscanbegiven.\n7 Powersof aid or, succourers theMarutsmaybeintended,\nv ;\n13"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 836,
            "content": ": : !\n199 4 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII\nWhich merits fame, all-bountiful1 and, unsubdued, hath vic-\ntory in deeds of might.\nSo come to our libations, Strongest ! Excellent ! May we ob-\ntain a stall of kine.\n10 Responding to our wish for cows, for steeds, and chariots, as\nof old,\nRe gracious, Greatest of theGreat\n11 For, Hero, nowhere can I find the bounds of thy munificence.\nStilldothoufavour us, 0Bolt-annedMaghavan :withstrength\nhast thou rewarded hymns.\n12 High, glosifier of his friend, he knows all generations, he\nwhom many praise.\nAll races of mankind with ladles lifted up invoke thatMighty\nIndra’s aid.\n13 Be he our Champion and Protector in great deeds, rich in all\nwealth, the Vritra-slayer, Maghavan,\n14 In the wild raptures of the juice sing to your Hero with high\nlaud, to him the Wise,\nTo Indra, glorious in his name, the Mighty One, even as the\nhymn alloweth it.\n15 Thou givest wealth to me myself, thou givesfc treasure, Ex-\ncellent ! and the strong steed,\n0 Much-iuvoked, in deeds of might, yea, even now.\n16 Him, Sovran Ruler of all precious things, who even hath\npower o’er this fair form of his,\nAs now it taketh shape, and afterward,\n17 We praise, so that the Mighty One may speed to you, Pourer\nofbounties, Traveller, prepared to go. #\nThou favourest the Marutsknown to all, bysongand sacrifice.\nWith song aim praise I sing to thee.\n18 We in the sacrifice perform their will whose voice is lifted\nhigh,\nThe worship ofthose Thundering Ones who o’er the ridges of\nthese mountains fly in troops.\n13 Thisstanzamayhavebeentheconclusionofoneoftheoriginal hymns.\n14 itsthehymnallowethit indueaccordancewiththemetre.\nof1 tC heS st et cy oan na de ax s,pl (a win hs ot oh ve el ra ct ot me er spa thr it so of bt sh te ruf ci tr ost rli (n te hean ed nt eh me y)fo al slow hi eng w* ap ga er st\nww va e 1r a .. r’ 4e 7t ,hI 1e 8f ,vo el rl Iyo nw ds rL h aau pd mew oi a vg t e’ ss pl mi en uat s le u tr r ip e f,r oe ret f ma ft e bi co ytn i hnw ig sh mo ia lg lr uie sf c ie or c ns sh .a ’nto gesIII i. n53 h. is8, b4 oM da yg ;h ’av aa nn d\n18 Theirwill thepleasure oftheMaruts."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 837,
            "content": ": : ; ; ;\nm\nHYMN THE MGVEDA.\n46.]\n19 0Indra,Mightiest,bringusthatwhichcrushesmen ofevilminds,\nWealth suited to our needs, 0 Stirrer of the thought, best\nwealth, 0 thou who stirrest thought.\n20 0 Winner, noble winner, strong, wondrous, most splendid,\nexcellent,\nSoleLord of victory, bringall-overpowering wealth, joy-giving,\nchief in deeds of might.\n21 Now let the godless man approach who hath received reward\nso great\nAs Yasa Asvya, when this light of morning dawned, received\nfrom Prithusravas, from Kanita’s son.\n22 Steeds sixty thousand and ten thousand kine, and twenty\nhundred camels I obtained\nTen hundred brown in hue, and other ten red in three spots\nin all, ten thousand kine.\n23 Tenbrowns that make my wealth increase, fleet steeds whose\ntails are long and fair,\nTurn with swift whirl my chariot wheel\n24 The gifts which Prithusravas gave, Kanita’s son munificent.\nHe gave a chariot wrought of gold the prince was passing\n:\nbountiful, and won himself most lofty fame.\n25 Come thou to this great rite of ours, Vkyu to give us vigor-\n!\nous light.\nWe have served theethatthou mightest give much to us, yea,\nmightest quickly give great wealth.\n26 Who with thrice seven times seventy horses comes to' us,\ninvested with the rays of morn,\nThrough these our Soma-draughts and those who press, to\ngive, drinkeroi pure bright Soma juice.\n27 Who hath inclined this glorious one, bounteous himself, to\ngive me gifts,\nBorne onfirm chariot with the prosperous Nahusha, wise, to\na man yet more devout.\n20 0 winner—of wealth to be given to thy worshippers. *0 bountiful,\nmost bountiful.’ Wilson.\n21 VasaAsvya theRishiof the hymn. Seel. 112. 10. Prithusravas:\nsee I 116. 2i:\nlin2 e2 isIn rea nll d, et re en dth do iu ffs ea rn ed ntk li yne in: t Wh ie lse ox na ’c stm Te ra an ni sln ag tiis onno ;t ‘v aer ty hc ol ue sar a. ndTh be rola ws nt\n—andtentimesten thousandcows withthreeredpatches.’\n22 76 OW nho fi: rmap cp ha ar rie on tt :ly liV t& ery au l, ly,bu ot n, aac cc ao rrd mi an dg eto ofS& ty ha ena w, ooP dri ot fhu ts hr eav Aas r.\nadu tree\n(Calosanthes Indica). But S&yana makes two proper names of the ’words,\n*withAradvaandAksha.’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 838,
            "content": ".\n196 THE HYMNS OF [BOOR VIII\n28 Sole Lord in beauty meet for praise, 0 V&yu, dropping fatness\ndown,\nHurried along by steeds, by camels, and by hounds, spreads\nforth thy train ; even this it is,\n29 So,asaprizedeartothestrong,thesixtythousandhaveIgained,\nBalls that resemble vigorous steeds.\n30 To me come oxen like a herd, yea, unto me the oxen come.\n31 Andinthegrazingherdhemadeahundredcamelsbleatforme,\nAnd twenty hundred mid the white,\n32 Ahundred has the sage received, Dasa Balbdtha’s and Taruk-\nsha’s gffts.\nThese are thy people, Vayu, who rejoice with Indra for their\nguard, rejoice with Gods for guards.\n33 And now to Vasa Asvya here this stately woman is led forth,\nAdorned with ornaments of gold.\nHYMN XLVII.\nAdityas.\nGreathelpyegivetheworshipper,Varupa,Mitra,MightyOnes\n!\nNo sorroweverreacheshimwhomye,Adityas,keep fromharm.\nYoursareincomparableaids,andgoodthesuccourtheyafford.\n2 0 Gods, Adityas, well ye know the way to keep all woes afar.\nAs the birds spread their sheltering wings,spread yourprotec-\ntion over us.\n3 As the birds spread their sheltering wings let your protection\ncover us.\nWemean all shelter and defence, ye who have all things for\nyour own.\ni To whomsoever they, Most Wise, have given a home and\nmeans of life, *\nO’erthewholerichesofthismanthey,the Adityas, havecontrol.\n5 As drivers of the car avoid ill roads, let sorrows pass us by.\nMay webeunderIndra’sguard,inthe Adityas5favouringgrace.\n6 Yor verily men sink and faint through loss of wealth which\nye have given.\nMuchhathhe gainedfrom you, O Gods, whomye, Adityas,\nhaveapproached.\n28 Thesteeds camels andhoundsareapparently thefantasticforme of the\nclouds\nthathyb, eforeV,&yu\northe wind.\n31 Midthewhite,' herds of cows.\n32 JDdsa BalbMha: probably an aboriginal aily of Pritkusravas. See\nWe 3b 3er, ThE ip sis stc ak te es lyi wm ov me adi ns :ch pen roR bi at bu la yl , tp h. e3 w0 i.\nfeoftheconquered\nKing.—\nLudwig.\n1 Toutsare etc: therefrain recursin every verse of the hymn.\n}"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 839,
            "content": ":\n1tntN 41\n]\nTHE RIGtEDA. 197\n7 On him shall no fierce anger fall, no sore distress shall visit\nhim,\nTo whom, Adityas, ye have lent your shelter that extendeth\nfar.\n8 Restingin you, 0 Gods, we are like men who fight in coats of\nmail.\nYe guard us from each great offence, ye guard us from each\nlighter fault.\n9 May Aditi defend us, may Aditi guard and shelter us,\nMother of wealthy Mitra and of Aryaman and Yaruna.\n10 The shelter, Gods, that is secure, auspicious, fre&frommalady,\nA\nsui'e protection;, triply strong, even that do ye extend to us.\n11 Look down on us, Adityas, as a guide exploring from the\nbank.\nLead us to pleasant ways as men lead horsesto an easy ford.\n12 111 be it for the demons’ friend to find us or come near tous.\nBut for the milch-cow be it well, and for the man who strives\nfor fame.\n13 Each evil deed made manifest, and thatwhich is concealed,\n0 Gods,\nThe whole thereof remove from us to Trita Aptya far away.\n14 Daughter of Heaven, the dream that bodes evil to us or to\nour kine,\nRemove, 0 Lady of the Light, to Trita Aptya far away.\n15 Even if, 0 Child of Heaven, it make a garland or a chain of\ngold,\nThe whole bad dream, whate’er it he, to Trita Aptya we\nconsign.\na\n16 To him whose food and work is this, who comes to take his\nshare therein,\nTo Trita, and to Dvita. Dawn bearthoutheevildream away.\n!\n13 To Trita Aptyafaraway : TritaAptyaisadivinity dwellingin the re-\nmotest partoftheheavensto whom it was customary to wish away, and\nconsignanythreatened calamityor unpleasantness. As S&yanaregardsTrita\nAptyaastheBishiof thehymn,heiscompelledtoforce a differentinterpre-\ntationonthefirsthalfofth—esecond line: 4(let it not be found) in Trita\nAptya,keepitfarfromus.’ Wilson.\n14 Daughter ofHeaven TJshasor Dawn.\n15 *Thesensewouldthenbe 4even—thoughpartsofitbe pleasant, we put\nthewhole ofthe evil dream away.” Macdonell,Journal of B.A. S.,July,\n1893,p.461.\n16 To him: to Trita whose business itisto receivethese consignments.\nToDvita: a similar being, sometimes associated withTrita. SeeY.18.2."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 840,
            "content": ": :\n193 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK YI1L\n17 As we collect the utmost debt, even the eighth and sixteenth\nPart\nS.o unto> A. ptya we transfer together all the evil dream,\n18 Now have we conquered andobtained, and from our trespas-\nses are free.\nShine thouaway the evil dream, 0 Dawn, whereof we are\nafraid. Yours are incomparable aids, and good the succour\nthey afford.\nHYMN XLVIII. 1 Soma.\n.Wisely have Ienjoyedthesavoury viand, religious-thoughted,\nbest to find out treasure,\nThe food to which all Deities and mortals, calling it mcath,\ngather themselves together.\n2 Thou shalt he Aditi as thou hast entered within, appeaser of\ncelestial anger. —\nIndu, enj—oying Indra's friendship, bring us as a swift steed\nthe car forward to riches.\n3 We have drunk Soma andbecomeimmortal wehaveattained\n;\nthe light, the Gods discovered.\nNow whatmay foeman’s malice do to harm us What, 0 Im-\n?\nmortal, mortalman’s deception?\n4 Absorbed into the heart, he sweet, 0 Indu, asa kind father to\nhis son, 0 Soma,\nAs a wise Friend to friend do thou, wide-ruler, 0 Soma,\n:\nlengthen out our days for living.\n5 These glorious drops that give me freedom have I drunk.\nClosely they knit my joints as straps secure a car.\nLet them protect my foot from slipping on, the way yea, let\n:\nthe drops I drink preserve me from disease.\n6 Make me shine brightlike fireproduced by friction give us a\n:\nclearer sight and make us better.\nFor in carouse Ithinkofthee, 0 Soma, Shall I, asarichman,\nattain to comfort?\n7 May we enjoy with an enlivened spirit the juice thou givest,\nlike ancestral riches.\n0 Soma, King, prolong thou our existence as Surya makesthe\nshining days grow longer.\n1 Meath : madhu or,sweet.\n2 Within within my heart. Indu: Soma.\n3 5 FW re oh m —ave sld ipr pu in nk g S oo nma th: ese we aM yu :ir ‘, m0 a. yS . thT ees ycts k, eeII pI. u2 s61 f, r2 o6 m5. a loosely-knit\nworship.’ Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 841,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN 49.] THE RIGYEDA. 199\n8 King Soma, favourus and make us prosper we are thy de-\n:\nvotees of this be mindful.\nSpirit and; power are fresh in us, 0 Indu give us notup unto\n:\nour foeman’s pleasure.\n9 Forthou hast settled in each joint, 0 Soma, aim ofmen’seyes\nand guardian of our bodies.\nWhen we offend against thine holy statutes, as a kind Friend,\nGod, best of all, be gracious.\n10 May I be with the Friend whose heart is tender, who, Lord of\nBays ! when quaffed will never harm me\nThisSomanowdepositedwithin me. Forthis, Ip ^ray forlonger\nlife to Indra.\n11 Ourmaladies havelosttheirstrengthandvanished :theyfeared,\nand passedaway into the darkness.\nSoma hath risenin us, exceeding mighty, and we are come\nwhere men prolong existence.\n12 Fathers, thatIndu which our hearts have drunken, Immortal\nin himself,hath entered mortals.\nSo let us servethis Somawithoblation, andrestsecurely in his\ngrace and favour.\n13 Associate with the Fathers thou, 0 Soma, hast spread thyself\nabroad through earth $nd heaven.\nSo with oblation let us serve thee, Indu, and so let ns become\nthe lords of riches,\n14 Give us your blessing, 0ye Gods, preservers. Nevermaysleep\nor idle talk control us.\nBut evermore may we, as friends of Soma, speak to thesynod\nwith brave sons around us.\n15 On all sides, Sprna, thou art our life-giver : aim of all eyes,\nlight-finder, come within us.\nIndu, ofoneaccord with thy protections both from behind and\nfrom before preserve us.\nHYMN XLIX. Agni.\nAgni, come hither with thy fires we choose thee as Invoking\n;\nPriest.\nLet the extended ladle full of oil balm thee, best Priest, to\nsit on sacred grass.\n9 Aimof men's eyes or, beholder of men.\n12 Immortalinhimself: see noteonI. 18. 4.\n13 Soma: heretheMoon-God, who isintimately connected withthe Pitris\norFathers. See Hymns of theAtharva-veda, XV III. 4, 72.\nI place attheendof this Book the eleven hymns, called the Y&lakhilya,\nwhich are usually inserted after Hymn XLVIII. These hymns are not"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 842,
            "content": "—\n: :\n200 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII M\n2 For unto thee, 0 Angiras, 0 Son of Strength,-move ladles in\nthe sacrifice.\n'To Agni, Child of Force, whose locks drop oil, we seek, fore-\nmost in sacrificial rites.\n3 Agni, thou art Disposer, Sage, Herald, bright God and\n!\nworshipful,\n* Best offerer, cheerful, tobe praised in holy rites, pure Lord !\nby singers with their hymns.\n4 Most Youthful and Eternal, bring the longing Gods to me,\nthe guileless, for the feast.\nCome, Yasu, to the banquet that is well-prepared : rejoice\nthee, gracious, with our songs.\n5 Famed art thou, Agni, far and wide, Preserver, righteous, and\na Sage.\nThe holy singers, 0 refulgent kindled God I arrangers, call on\nthee to come.\n6 Shine, Most Resplendent ! blaze, send bliss unto the folk, and\nto thy worshipper : Great art thou.\nSo may my princes, with good fires, subduing foes, rest inthe\nkeeping of the Gods.\n7 0 Agni, as thou burnest down to earth even high-grown\nunderwood,\nSo, bright as Mitrais, burnhim whoinjuresus,him whoplots\nill against thy friend.\n8 Give us not as aprey to mortal enemy, nor to the wicked\nfriend of fiends.\nWith conquering guards, auspicious, unassailable, protect us,\n0 Most Youthful God.\n9 Protect us, Agni, through the first, protect us through the\nsecond hymn,\nProtect us through three hymns, 0 Lord of PowerandMight,\nthrough four hymns, Yasu, guard thou us.\nreckonedinthedivision of the Rigvedainto Maiidalas (Books) andAnuv&kas\n(Chapters), and S&yanadoesnotnoticethem in his Commentary. See Wil-\nson's Translation, V. p. 96, note by Cowell. See also Ma —xMiiller’s Vedic\nHymns I. (Sacred Booksof theEast, Vol.XXXII.), pp.xlvi xlviii.\nElevenmust be addedto thenumberof thishymn andof all that follow\nin this Book tomake them correspond with the numbers in Max Muller’s\nedition of thetext. —\n2 Whoselocksdrop oil: ebutter-haired.’ Wilson.\n5 Thearrangers of theritual of sacrifice.\n6 Princes wealthypatrons. Accordingto S&yana, the Rishi’s own sons\nand others may beintended.\n9 The numbersprobably havereference tothe fourquarters of thesky.\nLudwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 843,
            "content": "; :\nH1MN 49.] the mareea. 201\n10 Preserve us from eaeh fiend who brings the Gods no gift,\npreserve thou us in deeds of strength\n:\nFor we possess in thee the nearest Friend of all, for service\nofthe Gods and weal.\n11 0 Holy Agni, giveus wealthrenowned with menandstrength-\nening life.\nBestowonus, 0 Helper, that whichmany crave,more glorious\nstill by righteousness\n\\\n12 Wherewithwe may overcome ourrivals in the war,o’erpower-\ning the foe’s designs.\nSo wax thou by our food, 0 Excellent in strength. Quicken\nour thoughts that find out wealth.\n13 Agni is even as a bull who whets and brandishes his horns.\nWell-sharpened are his jaws which may notbe withstood ; the\nChild of Strength hath powerful teeth.\n14 Not to be stayed, 0 Bull, 0 Agni, are thy teeth whenthou\nart spreading far and wide.\nMake our oblations duly offered up, 0 Priest, and give us\nstore of precious things.\n15 Thou liest in the wood from boththyMothersmortalskindle\n:\nthee.\nUnweariedly thou beare^t up the offerer’s gifts, then shinest\nbright among the Gods.\n16 And so the seven priests, 0 Agni, worship thee, Free-giver,\nEverlasting One.\nThou cleavest through the rock with heat and fervent glow;\nAgni, rise up above the men.\n17 For you let us whose grass is trimmed call Agni, Agni, rest-\nless God. »\nLet us whose food is offered call to all the tribes Agni the\nInvoking Priest of men.\n18 Agni, with noble psalm that tells his wishhe dwells,thinking\non thee who guardest him.\nSpeedily bring us strength of many varied sorts to be most\nnear to succour us.\n19 Agni, Praise-singer! Lordofmen, God! burner-upofRakshasas,\nMighty art thou, the ever-present Household-Lord, Home-\nfriend and Guardian from the sky.\n12 Wherewith referringtothewealthwhichAgniisaskedtogive.\n15 Inthe wood: in thepieces of wood used fortheproduction of Agni..\n16 Seven priests: minor Hotarpriests, suchastheMaitr&varunaandothers.\nThe rock: adrim, explainedbjT S&yanaasme—gham,thecloud,\n17 Therestless God or, *theirresistible.’ Wilson.\n18 He dwells: that is, thepiousinstitutorof sacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 844,
            "content": ":\n202 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VI1T\n20 Let no fiend come among* us, 0 thou rich in light, no spell of\nthose who deal in spells.\nTo distant pastures drive faint hunger far away, 0 Agni,\n:\nchase the demons5 friends.\nHYMN\nL. Indra.\n—\nBote boons, may Indra, hitherward turned, listen to this\nprayer of ours,\nAnd mightiest Maghavan with thought inclined to us come\nnear to drinkthe Soma juice.\n2 For him, strong, independent Euler, Heaven and Earth have\nfashioned\"forth for power and might.\nThou seatest thee as first among thy peers in place, for thy\nsoul longs for Soma juice.\n3 Fill thyself full, 0 Lord of wealth, 0 Indra, with the juice we\nshed.\nWeknow thee, Lord of Bay Steeds ! victor in the fight, van-\nquishing e’en the invincible.\n4 Changeless in truth, 0 Maghavan Indra, let it be as thou in\nwisdom wiliest it.\nMay we, 0 fair of cheek, win booty with thine aid, 0 Thun-\nderer, swiftly seeking it.\n5 Indra, with all thy saving helps give us assistance, Lord of\npower.\nForafter thee we follow even as glorious bliss, thee, Hero,\nfinder-out of wealth.\n6 Increaser of our steeds and multiplying kine, a golden well, 0\nGod, art thou,\nFor no one may impair the gifts laid up in thee. Bring me\nwhatever thing I ask.\n— —\n7 Forthou, come to the worshipper! wilt find great wealth\nto make us rich.\nFill thyself full, 0 Maghavan, for gain of kine, full, Indra,\nforthe gain of steeds.\n8 Thou as thy gift bestowest many hundred herds, yea, many\nthousands dost thou give.\nWith singers’ hymns have we brought the Fort-render near,\nsinging to Indra for his grace.\n20 Spello—fthosewhodeal in spells: ydttirydtumtfvutdm ‘torment of the\nevil spirits. Wilson.\n1 Bothboons: Indrais askedtoheartheprayerandtodrink the Soma."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 845,
            "content": ": : :\n9\nHYMN 50.] TEE KIGYEDA. 203\nWhetherthesimple orthesage,Indra,haveofferedpraisetothee,\nHe, Satakratu I by his love hath gladdened thee, ambitious !\never pressing on\n!\n10 If he the Strong of arm, the breaker-down of forts, the great\nDestroyer, hear my call,\nWe, seeking riches cry to Indra, Lord of wealth, to Satakratu\nwith our lauds.\n11 We count not then as sinners, nor asniggardlyorfoolishmen,\nWhenwiththe Soma juice which wehaveshed we make Indra,\nthe Mighty One, our Friend.\n12 Him have we yoked in fight, the powerful Conqueror, debt-\nclaimer, not to be deceived.\nBest charioteer, the Victor marks each fault, he knows the\nstrong to whom he will come near.\n13 Indra, give us security fromthat whereof we are afraid.\nHelp us, 0 Maghavan, let thy succour give us this : drive\naway foes and enemies.\n14 For thou, 0 liberal Lord of bounty, strengthenest his ample\nhome who worships thee.\nSo Indi-a, Maghavan, thou Lover of the Song, wewithpressed\nSoma call on thee.\n15 Indra is Yritra-slayer, g^ard, our best defender from the foe.\nMay he preserve our last and middlemost, and keep watch\nfrom behind us and before,\n16 Defend us from behind, below, above, in front, on all sides,\nIndra, shield us well.\nKeep far away from us the terror sent from heaven keep\n:\nimpious weapons far away.\n17 Protect us, Ind^a, each to-day, each morrow, and each follow-\ning day.\nOur singers, through all days, shalt thou, Lord of the brave,\nkeep safely both by day and night.\nIS A crushing Warrior, passing rich is Maghavan, endowed with\nall heroic might.\nThine arms, 0 Satakratu, are exceeding strong, arms which\nhave grasped the thunderbolt.\n—\n9 The simpleor thesage: <the unskilled or theskilled.’ Wilson.\n12 Marks eachfau—lt themeaningof hhrimdm isuncertain : accordingto\nLudwig itis ‘his v.-Lr- that is, the worshipper who presents\nWh ii lm sow ni .th s Ta hc eri sfi tc re on'\ng\n: therich.andta pk oe ws ei rt fuw lit wh ov rsd hj ii pn pa em\nr.\n‘thestrongracer,’-~\nS&y1 a5 paO .ur Tla bs eta exn pd rem si sd id ol nem pro os bt a: blp yut mr ea am n, sso ‘n a, llb pe fin ug s.’understood, according to\n16*Theterrorsentfromheaven: 1supernatural alarm.’—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 846,
            "content": ": : : : ,\n204 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII\n.\nHYMN\nLI. Indra,\nOffer ye up as praisetohimthatwherein Indra takesdelight.\nThe Soma-bringers magnify Indra's great energy with hymns.\n.\nGood are the gifts that Indra gives.\n2 Sole among chiefs, companionless, impetuous, and peerless, he\nHath waxen great o’er many folk, yea, over all things horn,\nin might.\n3 Lord of swift bounty, he will win e’en with a steed of worth-\nless sort.\nThis, Indra, mustbetoldoftheewhowilt performheroic deeds.\n4 Come to u§ hither : let us pay devotions that enhance thy\nmight,\nFur which, Most Potent thou wouldst fain bless the man\n!\nhere who strives for fame.\n5 For thou, 0 Indra, makest yet more bold the spiritof thebold\nWho with strong Soma serveth thee, still ready with his\nreverent prayers.\n6 Worthy of song, he looketh down as a man lookethinto wells.\n10 Pleased with the Soma-bringer’s skillhe maketh him his mate\nand friend.\n7 In strength and wisdom all the Gods, Indra,haveyielded unto.\nthee*\nBe thou the Guard of all, 0 thou whom many praise.\n8 Praised, Indra, is this might of thine, best for the service of\nthe Gods,\nThat thou with power dost slay Yritra, 0 Lord of Strength.\n9 He makes the races of mankind like synods of the Beauteous\nOne. *\nIndraknows this his manifest deed, and is renowned.\nThymight, 0 Indra, at its birth, thee also, and thy mental\npower,\nIn thy care, Maghavan rich in kine they have increased\n!\nexceedingly.\n1 Goodare,etc therefrain isrepeatedineachverse.\n2 Chiefs: nribhih men,meaning Gods, according to S&jana. Folk or,\ntribes.\n3 Hewillwine'enwithasteedofworthless s—ort: *He......wishestobestow\nblessings(uponus) withhisunurged courser.’ Wilson.\n6 Helookethdown .* kindlyonus asathirsty manlooks eagerlyintoawell,\n9 synodsoftheBeauteous One like assemblies that meet to honour\nhi,m\n;\nbutthe meaningisobscure.\n10 They: thy worshippers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 847,
            "content": ":: :\nm\nHYMN 52.] TEE ItmVEDA.\n11 0 Yritra-slayer, thou and I will both combine for winning\nspoil.\nEven malignity will consent, 0 Bolt-armed Hero, untous.\n12 Let us extol this Indra as truthfuland never as untrue.\nDire is his death who pours no gifts great light bath he who\noffers them. Good arethe gifts tha: t Indra gives.\nHYMN LIL\nIndra.\nWithpowers of Mighty Ones hath he, Ancient, Beloved, been\nequipped,\nThrough whom the Father Manu made pra *yers efficacious\nwith the Gods.\n2 Him, Maker of the sky, let stones wet with the Soma ne'er\nforsake,\nNor hymns and prayer that must be said.\n3 Indra who knew full well disclos4 ed the kine to the Angirases.\nThis his great deedmust be extolled.\ni Indra, promoter ofthe song, the sage's Strengthener as of old,\nShall come to bless and succour us at presentation of this\nlaud.\n5 Now after their desire's intentthe pious singers with the cry\nOf Hail ! have sung loffd hymnsto thee, Indra, togain a stall\nof kine.\n6 With Indra rest all deeds of might, deeds done and yet to be\nperformed,\nWhom singers know devoid of guile.\n7 When the Five Tribes with all their men to Indra have sent\nout their voice,\nAndwhenthepriesthathstrewnmuchgrass,thisistheFriend's\nowndwelling-place.\n8 This pi'aise is verily thine own : thou hast performed these\nmanly deeds,\nAnd sped the wheel upon its way.\n—\n11 Malignity orthemalignant man. Theniggard.’ Wilson.\n12 Direishis death: or, greatisbisdestruction.\n1 ThisdifficultverseisvariouslyinterpretedbothbyIndian commentators\nandby Europeanscholars. Ifollowpartly Aufrecht’s translationasgivenby\nDr.Muir, and partly Ludwig’sCommentary. See 0. S. Texts, I.pp. 163—164;\nL Tu hd ewi Ag nc’ is eR ni tgv Be ed la\nov,\nbY d. app pp e. ars1 t6 o7— be16 S8 om;aan ad ndWi nl os ton I’ ns drT ar .anslation, Y.p. 107.\n7 The Fri, end's Indra’s. Thesecondlineisvery obscure. SeeBergaigne,\nI. vi., and Vedic Hymns, I., p. 226. Iadopt-Ludwig’s interpretation.\n8 Thewheel theSun."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 848,
            "content": ": ::: :\n9\n206 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\nAt the o’erflowing of this Steer, boldly he strode for life, and\ntook\nSoma as cattle take their corn.\n10 Receivingthisandcravinghelp,we, whowithyou areDaksha’s\nsons,\nWould fain exaltthe Maruts’ Lord. ^^\n11 Yea, Hero, with the singers we sing to theduly-coming Band.\nAllied with thee may we prevail.\n12 With us are raining Rudras, clouds accordant incall tobattle,\nat the death of Yritra,\nThe stronguassigned to him whosingsand praises. May Gods\nwith Indra at their head protect us.\nHYMN\nLIII. Indra.\nMay our hymns give thee greatdelight. Displaythybounty,\nThunderer.\nDrive off the enemies of prayer.\n2 Crush with thy foot the niggard churls who bring no gifts.\nMighty art thou\n:\nThere is not one to equal thee.\n3 Thou art the Lord of Soma pressed, Soma impressed is also\nthine. T\nThou ai't the Sovran of the folk.\n4 Come, go thou forth, dwelling in heaven and listening to the\nprayers of men\n:\nThou fillest both the heavens and earth.\n5 Even that hill with rocky heights, with hundreds, thousands,\nheld wilhin,\nThou for thy worshippers brakest through.\n6 We call on thee both night andday to taste the flowing Soma\njuice\nDo thou fulfil our hearts’ desire.\n0 ThisSteer: Soma; thatis,when abundant libations had been offered,\nlie Indra.\n10 Daksha'ssons of thesameoriginwithyou. ‘Loi-dsoffood/according\nto S&jana.\n11 Duly-comingBand: of Maruts, ledbyIndra.\n12 Thestrong: perhapsthethunderboltwith which Indra aids the wor-\nshippei\\\n3 Unpressed initsnaturalstateinthestalksof theplant. Or,asLudwig\nsuggests,theSomawhich Indradrinksinheaven may be meant. See VII.\n26. 1.\n5 Thathill thecloud withits countlesstreasures of rain,\n6 Night: justbeforedawn.\n»"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 849,
            "content": ": : , ;\nHYMN 54.] TEE RIGVEDA . 207\n7 Where is that ever-youthful Steer, strong-necked and never\nyet bent down?\nWhat Brahman ministers to him?\n8 To whose libation doth the Steer, betake him with delight\ntherein?\nWho takes delight in Indra now 1\n9 Whom, Yritra-slayer, have thy gifts and hero powers accom-\npanied\n?\nWho is thy dearest in the laud ?\n10 For thee among mankind, among the Purus is this Somashed.\nHasten thou hither : drink thereof. %\n11 This, growing by Sushoma and by Saryan&v&n, dear to thee,\nIn Arjikiya, cheers thee best.\n12 Hasten thou hitherward, anddrinkthis formunificence to-day,\nDelightful for thine eager draught.\nHYMN\nLIY.\nindra.\nThough, Indra, thou art called by men from east and west,\nfrom north and south,\nCome hither quickly with fleet steeds\n2 If in the effluence of heaven, rich in its light, thou takest joy,\nOr in the sea in Soma juice.\n3 With songs 1 call thee, Great and Wide, even as a cow to\nprofit us,\nIndra, to drink the Soma-draught.\n4 Hither, 0 Indra, let thy Bays bear up and bring upon thy car\nThy glory, God and majesty.\n!\n5 Thou, Indra, wohldst be sung and praised as great, strong,\nlordly inthy deeds\n:\nCome hither, drink our Soma juice.\n6 We who have shed the Soma and prepared the feast are call-\ning thee\nTo sit on this our sacred grass.\n—\n10 AmongtheP4ms amongmen,oramongKingsnamedPfirus. S&yana,\n1 _-1 i.-S i.u i_sh ro 1\n_\n.\n.\n.u,y\n.\nr- rive Sr arw yh ai nc dh vc da nn in sot san idow tob be eid ae lnt ai kf eie id n. thA erj dV ir stt ry ia ct:\niee Vui. 1., Index. Forconjecturesregarding Sushomdand\n-Arjildya seeZimmer, AltindischesLeben pp. 12, 13. Cf. VIII. 7. 29.\n2 The effluenceofheaven orthe placeinheaven from which the Amrit\nflo 3ws 4, saIn cot tvh ,e :s ae sa t: heof ma oi sr t; ut sh ee fuf lir om fa am le ln at n. imals."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 850,
            "content": ": :: :\n208 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n7 As, Indra, thou art evermore the common Lord of all alike,\nAs such we invocate thee now.\n8 The men with stones have milked for thee this nectar of the\nSomajuice\nIndra, be pleased with it, and drink.\n9 Neglect all pious men with skill in sacred song : come hither-\nward\nWith speed, and give ushigh renown.\n10 Gods, may the mighty rest unharmed, the King who gives me\nspotted kine,\nKine decked with golden ornaments.\n11 Beside a thousand spotted kine I have received a gift of gold,\nPure, brilliant, and exceeding great.\n12 Durgaha’s grandsons, giving me a thousand kine, munificent,\nHave won renown among the Gods.\nHYMN\nLY. Indra,\nLoux> singing at the sacred rite where Soma flows we priests\ninvoke\nWith haste, that he may help, as the bard’s Cherisher, Indra\nwho findeth wealth for you.\n2 Whom with fair helm, in rapture of thejuice, the firm resist-\nless slayers hinder not\nGiver ofglorious wealth tohim who singhis praise, honouring\nhim who toils and pours :\n3 Sakra, who like a curry-comb for horses or a golden goad,\nIndra, the Vritra-slayer, urges eagerly the opening of the\nstall of kine : *\n9 Allpiousmen: allotherworshippers.\n10 TheKing whoinstitutedthesacrifice. Accordingto S&yana, Indra is\nmeant\n;\nbutthisisimpossible.\n12 JDurgaha'sgrandsons: S&ynnaexplains durgdhasyabyduhlchcim gdha-\nmdnasyame } ofmeplungedingrief, and ndpdtuh(nepotes) as aralcshitasya,\nunprotected : ‘UnprotectedasIam,andplunged*insorrow (mydependents)\nbythefavourofthegods opfcain food, andare blessed with abundance ina\nthousandcattle,’ SeeWilson’s Translation,and Cowell’snote.\n1 Wepriestsinvoice theconstxupidaais-difficult. TYollowLudwig,andtake\nhm^aninfinitive,asequivalMftothefirstperson'\nplural.\n3 Curry-combfor horses: thepurifierofhisworshippers andwell-skilled in\nhorses, according to Sayana. Golden goad: wonderful and golden-bodied,\na tac ic no ,rd bi un tg bt oo thSa sy ean ea m. toT sih ge nim fe ya in ni sn tg ruo mf eh n^ tj sah ci oa ns new ce tl el das wio tf hmr hi ok rss eh sd *k } is uncer-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 851,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN’ 55.] THE RIGVEDA. 209\nA Who for the worshipper scatters forth ample wealth, even,\nthough buried, piled in heaps\nMay Indra, Lord of Bay Steeds,: fair-helmed Thunderer, act\nat his pleasure, as he lists.\n5 Hero whom many praise, what thou hast longed for, even of\nold, from men.\nAll that we offeruntothee, 0 Indra,now,sacrifice,laud, effect-\nual speech.\n6 To SS oo mma a-, dM riu nc kh e- ri !nv co ok me ed .,Bolt-armed 1 forthycarouse, Celestial,\nThou to the man who prays and pours the juice hast been\nbest giver of delightful wealth.\n7 Here,verily,yesterdaywelet theThunder-wielderdrinkhis fill.\nSo in like manner offer him thejuice to-day. Now range you\nby the Glorious One.\n8 Even the wolf, the savage beast that rends the sheep, follows\nthe path ofhis decrees.\nSo graciously accepting, Indra, this our praise, with wondrous\nthought come forth to us.\n9 What manly deed of vigour now remains that Indra hath\nnot done ]\nWho hath not heard his glorioustitleandhisfame, the Vritra-\nslayer from his birth 1\n10 How great his power resistless 1 how invincible the Vritra-\nslayer’s matchless might\n1\nIndra excels all usurers who see the clay, excels all traffickers\nillstrength.\n11 0 Indra, Vritra-slaver, we, thy very constant worshippers,\nBring prayersne’er heard befure to thee, 0 Much-invoked, 0\nThunder-armed, to be thy meed.\n12 0 thou of mighty acts,the aids that are in thee call forward\nmany an eager hope.\nPast the drink-offerings, Vasti, even of the good, hear my\ncall, Strongest God, and come.\n13 Verily, Indra, we are thine, we worshippers depend on thee.\nFor thereisnone but only thouto show us grace,O Maghavan,\nthou muchinvoked.\n4 Buried asgold, precious stones,etc.\n8 Thewolf accordingto S&yana, therobber. The reason of mentioning\neitherin thisplaceis notobvious.\n10 Whoseetheday wholive. According to S&yana, who look upon the\nSunintheirpresentlife,butwillbesunkin darknessafterdeath.\n14"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 852,
            "content": "; : : .\n210 THEHYMNS OF [KOOK Vllt\n14 From this onr misery and famine set us free, from this dire\ncursedeliver us.\nSuccour ns with thine help and with thy wondrous thought.\nMost Mighty, finder ofthe way.\n15 Now letyourSomajuicebepoured\n:\nbenotafraid, 0Kali'ssons.\nThis darkening sorrow goes away yea, ofitself it vanishes.\n;\nHYMN\nLYI. Adityas\nNow pray we to theseKshatriyas, to the Adityas for theiraid,\nThese who are gracious toassist.\n2 May Mitra bear ns o'er distress, and Yanina and Aryaman,\nYea, the ^lityas, as they know.\n3 For wonderful and meet for praise isthese Adityas'savinghelp\nTohim who offers and prepares.\n4 The mighty aid ofyou, the Great, Varum, Mitra, Aryaman,\nWe claim to be oursure defence.\n5 Guard us, Adit}'as, still alive, beforethe deadly weapon strike:\nAre ye nob they who hear our call?\n6 What sheltering defence ye have for him who toils in pouring\ngifts,\nGraciously bless ye us therewith.\n7 Adityas, Gods, from sorrow there^is freedom, for the sinless,\nwealth,\n0 ye in whom no fault is seen.\n8 Let not this fetter bind us fast :may he releaseusforsuccess ;\nFor strong is Indra and renowned.\n9 0 Gods who fain would lend your aid, destroy not us as ye\ndestroy\n•\nYour enemies who go astray. r\n10 And thee too, 0 Great Aditi, thee also, Goddess, I address,\nThee very gracious to assist.\n11 Save us in depth and shallow from the foe, thou Mother of\nStrong Sons\n:\nLet no one ofour seed be harmed.\n12 Fai;-spread ! wide-ruling! grant that w’e, unharmed by envy,\nmay expand\n:\nGrant that our progeny may live.\n14 From thisourmisei'y thehymn was ‘seen'and employed ina timeof\ndearth,andfamine. Finderoftheway toprosperity.\n15 Kali*ssons: KaliistheRishiorseerofthehymn.\nI Kshatriyas: royalprinces.\nII OfStrongSons the Adityas."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 853,
            "content": "! :\nHYMN 57.] THE RIOVEDA.' '211\n13 Those who, the Princes of the folk, in native glory, ne’er\ndeceived, —\nMaintain their statutes, void of guile\n14 As such, from mouth of ravening wolves, 0 ye Adityas,\nrescue us,\nLike a bound thief, 0 Aditi.\n15 Adityas, let this arrow, yea, let this malignity depart\nFrom us or e’er it strike us dead.\n16 For, Bountiful Adityas, we have evermore enjoyed your help,\nBoth now and in the days of old.\n17 To every one, 0 ye Most Wise, who turneth ev^n from sin to\nyou,\nYe Gods vouchsafe that he may live.\n18 May this uewmercy profitus, which, ye Adityas,freeslikeone\nBound from his bonds, 0 Aditi.\n19 0 ye Adityas, this your might is not to be despised by its :\nSo be ye graciously inclined.\n20 Let not Vivasvan’s weapon nor the shaft, Adityas, wrought\nwith skill,\nDestroy us ere old age be nigh\n21 On every side dispel all sin, Adityas, all hostility,\nIndigence, and combiue& attack.\nHYMN\nLVII.\nIndra%\nEven as a carto give us aid, we draw thee hither for ourbliss,\nStrong in thy deeds, checking assault, Lord, Mightiest Indra,\nof the brave\n2 Great in thy power and wisdom, Strong, with thought that\ncomprehenderth all !\nThou hast filled full with majesty.\n3 Thouvery Mighty One, whosehands by virtue ofthygreatness\ngrasp\nThe golden bolt that breaks its way.\n4 Your Lord ofmight that ne’er hath bent, that ruleth over all\nmankind,\nI call, that he, as he is wont, may aid the chariots and the\nmen.\n17 Who turnethevenfromsin: who comesto youforforgiveness.\n20 Vivasvdn’s weapon: thedeadlybolt ofthe Sun, or perhaps, metaphor-\ncally, ofthesacrificer. —\n21 Combinedattach: ctheclosely drawnneb.’ Wilson.\n2 Thouhastfilledfull the universe."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 854,
            "content": "::\n212 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII\n5 Whom, ever furthering, in frays that win the light, in both\nthe hosts\nMen call to succour and to help.\n6 Indra, the Strong, the measureless, worthy of praise, Most\nBountiful,\nSole Ruler even over wealth,\n7 Him, for his ample bounty, him, this Indra do I urge to\ndrink,\nWho, as his praise was sung ofold, the Dancer, is the Lord\nof men.\n.8 ThouMighty One, whosefriendship none of mortals ever hath\nobtained\n;\nNone will attain unto thy might.\n9 Aided bythee, with thee allied, infrays for waterand for sun,\nBolt-armed may we win ample spoil,\n!\n10 So seek we thee with sacrifice and songs, chief Lover of the\nSong,\nAs, in our battles, Indra, thou to Purum&yya gavest help,\n11 0 Thunderer, thou whose friendship and whose onward\nguidance both are sweet,\nThy sacrifice must be prepared.\n12 To us, ourselves, give ample room, givefor our dwelling ample\nroom\n:\nGive ample roGm to us to live,\n13 We count the .banquet of the Gods a spacious pathway for\nthe men,\nAnd for the cattle, and the car,\n14 Six men, yea, two aud two, made glad with Soma juice, come\nnear to me\nWith offerings pleasant to the taste.\n15 Two brown-huedsteeds, Indrota/s gift, two baysfrom Tfciksha's\nson were mine,\nFrom Afivamedha’s son two red.\n7 TheDancer in thedanceof war.\n10 Purumdyya according to Sayana, *me (the Rishi) the possessorof\nmuch wisdom/\n13 Sacrifice to theGods procuresfreedomand securityforusandallwho\nbelongto us.\n15 ‘Theseprinces withtheirrespectivefathers are the six of V. 14. The\nsons of lii/cnfutand Awarnedha had originally commenced thesacrifice, but\nIndrotaandhisfather AtUhigvacame to see it and addedtheirgifts. The\nsonsalon—earementioned : the son is the father’s secondself,pitri-imtnujor\nabheddt' Cowell’snoteinWilson’sTranslation,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 855,
            "content": ": ::: : :\nBYMJSr 58.] THE El0VEDA. ' 2IS\nIS From Atithigva good car-steeds, from Arksha rein-obeying\nsteeds,\nFrom Asvamedhabeauteous ones.\n17 Indrota, Atithigva’s son, gave me six horses matched with\nmares\nAnd Pubakratu gave besides.\n18 Markedabove all,amidthebrown, isthe redmareYrishanvati,\nObedient to the rein and whip,\n19 0 bound to mebydeedsof might, not even themanwho loves\nto blame\nHath found a single fault in you.\nHYMN\nLYIII, - Indra.\nI SEMI) you forth the songof praise for Indu, hero-gladdener.\nWith hymn andplenty heinvites youto completethesaeritice.\n2 Thou wishest for thy kine a bull, for those who long for his\napproach,\nFor those who turn away from him, lord of thy cows whom\nnone may kill.\n3 The dappled kine who stream with milk prepare his draught\nof Soma juice\nClans in the birth-plac^of the Gods, in the three luminous\nrealms of heaven.\n4 Praise, even as he is known, with song Indra the guardian of\nthe kine,\nThe Son of Truth, Lord of the brave.\n16 Arksha: theson of Riksha. Asvamedha: thesonof Asvamedha.\n17 PHtakratu son <5fAsvamedha.\n18 Yrishanvati according to von Roth, eperhaps, that may be found\namongstallions/\n19 0 houndtome this stanzaisaddressed tothe princes who instituted\nthesacrificeand gavetherewardswhichhavebeenmentioned.\n1 Thesong ofpraise: trishHibham: usedin ageneralsense for any hymn\nof praise. Indu Soma. Accordingto Sflyana, Indrais meant.\n2 The stanza is difficult. Iadopt Pischei’s explanation of naddm and\nddatindm.\nhis3 bC il ra thns: thevis ** :\n' .\nu- '/Ji1'- .» sc po ew cs klear de om ne esant m. ixE tg hg eel Si on mg atr (a dn rs al ua gt he ts ),: tA ht\ne\nclans of thegodsinthethreespheresof the heavens’ (Sacred Books of the\nEast, XLI. p. 307). Pischel observes : ‘The connexion of the first three\nps rt aa iu sz eas inis op rr do eb ra tb hl ay tt hh eis m: aS yom la ibs eh ra al ll lyhe rec we al re dbra yt oe ud\n.\nby Why ao tu ti hn ouyo wu ir shs eo sn tg fo of\nr\nthyself is abull forthe cows, in order that they may be propagated and\nprovide Indrawithmilktobemixed withhis Soma j—uice, while they serve,\ntheraceof Godsin all the three realms of heaven/ Vedische Studien, I,\np. 197."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 856,
            "content": ": :\n214 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK V1IE\nb Hitter his Bay Steeds have been sent, red Steeds are on the\nsacred grass\nWhere we in concert sing our songs.\n6 For Indra Thunder-armed the kine haveyielded mingled milk\nand meath,\nWhat time hefound them in the vault.\n7 When I and Indra mount on highuptotheBrightOne’splace\nand home,\nWe, having drunk of meath, will reach hisseatwhose Friends\nare three times seven.\n8 Sing, sing forth your songs of praise, yePriyamedhas, sing\nyour songs\n;\nYea, let young children sing their lauds : as a strong castle\npraise ye him.\n9 How loudly let the viol sound, the lute send outitsvoicewith\nmight,\nShrill be the music of the string. To Indra is the hymn up-\nraised.\n10 When hither speed the dappled cows, unflinching, easy to be\nmilked,\nSeize quickly, as it bursts away^ the Somajuice forIndra’a\ndrink.\n11 Indrahath drunk, Agni hath drunk : all Deities have drunk\ntheirfill.\nHere Yaruna shall have his home, to whom the floods have\nsung aloud as mother-kine unto their calves.\n12 Thou, Yanina, to whom belong Seven Rivers, art aglorious\nGod.\nThe waters flow into thy throat as ’twere a pipe with ample\nmouth.\n13 He whohath madethe fleet steeds spring, well-harnessed, to\nthe worshipper.\n—\n—6 Inthevault:'inthecavityoftheSoma-vessel/ vonBoth;‘onthehorizon.’\nLudwig; ‘nearathand.’—S&yana.\n7 TheBright One's place the station of the Sun. Whose Friends are\nthreetimesseven Indrawhoisthe friend of the Karuts. Ifollow Ludwig\nincombiningthetrihsuptd sakhyuh of the text into one compound word.,\nS.iyana’sexplanationisdifferent : ‘letusbeunitedin thetwenty-firstsphere\nof the (universal) friend/—Seenotein Wilson’sTranslation.\n^ ?Jl€ y^rgarah: ‘a kindof musical instrument’, says Sfiyana.\npG io hd gh da (, sao ir digi tn oal ml ey at nhe bol we sa tt rhe ir ngg )ua arr ed aw lso or ,n ab ppy arb eno tw lm y,en nao mn est oh fe ml ue sft icaa lrm i, nsta rn ud\n-\nments.\n’ 12 Vanina’sthroat, orpalate,is saidtomean thesea, into which theseven\nriversflow."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 857,
            "content": ":\nHYMB 59.] THE Rl'GVEBA. 215\nHe, the swift Guide, is that fair form that loosed the horses\nnear at hand.\n14 Indra, the veryMighty, holds his enemies in utter scorn.\nHe, far away, and yet a child, cleft the cloud smitten by his\nvoice.\n15 He, yet a boy exceeding small, mounted his newly-fashioned\ncar.\nHe for his Mother and hisSirecookedthewild mightybuffalo.\n16 Lord of the home, f&ir-helmeted, ascend thy chariot wrought\nof gold.\nWe will attend the Heavenly One, the thousan&footed, red of\nhue, matchless, who blesses where he goes.\n17 With reverence they come hitherward to him as to a Sovran\nLord,\nThat they may bring him near for this man’s good success, to\nprosper and bestow his gifts.\n18 The Priyamedhas have observedthe offeringof the men of old,\nOf ancient custom, while they strewed the sacred grass, and\nspread their sacrificial food.\nHYMN\nLIX. Inch*.\nHe who, as Sovran Lord# of men, moves with his chariots un-\nrestrained,\nThe Vritra-slayer, vanquisher of fighting hosts, preeminent,\nispraised with song.\n2 Honour that Indra, Puruhanman ! for his aid, in whose sus-\ntaining hand of old\nThe splendid bolt of thunder was deposited, as thegreat Sun;\nwas set in heVven.\n3 No one by deed attains to him who works andstrengthens\nNo, not by sacrifice, to ludrapraised of all, resistless, daring,\nbold in might\nrai1 n5 -cH loi us dM wo ht ih ce hr Ia nn dd rahi ps ieS ri cr ee s: wE ia tr hth hisan ld ighH te na iv ne g,n. orT peh re hab puf sfa tl ho ei ds et mh oe nd Ya ar ik\na\nisintended,\n16 TheHeavenly One the Sun, whichis Indra'schariwot Thousand-footed:\nbright with countless raysof light.\n17 This mans: whoinstitutes thesacrifice.\n2 Puruhanman: theBishi of the hymn addresses himself. Sustaining:\norvidharturimay (withLudwig)be taken asa nominative with vdjruh, the\nbolt of thunderas asustamer(of Order)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 858,
            "content": "—\n! :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOR V1TL\n•4 The potent Conqueror, invincible in war,*him at whose birth\nthe Mighty Ones,\nThe Kine who spread afar, sent theirloudvoices out, heavens,\nearths sent their loud voices out.\n,\n5 0 Indra, if a hundred heavens and if a hundred earths were\nthine\nNo, not a thousand Suns could match thee at thy birth, not\nboth the worlds, 0 Thunderer.\n6 Thou, Hero, hast performed thy hero deeds with might, yea,\nall with strength, 0 Strongest One.\nMagliavan/rhelp us to a stable full of kine, 0Thunderer, with\nwondrous aids.\n7 Let not a godless mortal gain this food, 0 thou whose life is\nlong\nBut one who yokes the bright-hued steeds, the Etasas, even\nIndra yoker of the Bays.\n8 Urge ye the Conqueror to give, your Indra greatly to be\npraised,\nTo be invoked in shallow waters and in depths, tobe invoked\nin deeds of might.\n9 OVasu, 0 thou Hero, raise us up to ample opulence.\nBaise us to gain of mighty wealtn, 0 Maghavan, 0 Indra, to\nsublime renown.\n10 Indra, thou justifiest us, and trarnplest down thy slanderers.\nGuard thyself, valiant Hero, in thy vital parts strike down\n:\nthe Dasa with thy blows.\n11 The man who brings no sacrifice, inhuman, godless, infidel,\nHim let his friend the mountain cast to rapid death, the\nmountain cast the Dasyu down.\n12 0 Mightiest Indra, loving us, gatherthouup, asgrains of corn\nWithin thine hand, of these their kine, to give away, yea,\ngather twice as loving us.\n13 0 mycompanions, wishforpower. HowmayAveperfectSara’s\npraise,\nThe liberal princely patron, never to be harmed?\n4 TheKine: theheavensand the earths.\n7 Etasas: thehorsesof theSun.\nthy10 thJ ign hst .h ’y —vi Wt ia ll sp oa nr .ts literally,between thythi6ghs, *Shelterusbetween\nPatrJ rI vatH ais (mf or ui ne tn ad: in)in isw ahi Kc ish hih ,e thh eop fre is ent do offin Id ndrr ae .fuge: according toSfiyana,\nm\ntot I S.o i\" lybT auJ nt r ac ah : hs e^ pi r in a se i Isi ue d^ t ri ae S ,aP r ‘a thP m ee ur dst ehy stbo rf e oyet t rh h .e e ’h iio nns sst tti iil tte uua tth ooo rrriji cog fin te hs. e sacrifice; according"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 859,
            "content": ": ::\nHYMN 60.] THE RIGVEDA. 217\n14 By many a sage whose grass is trimmed thou art continually\npraised,\nThat thou, 0 Sara, hast bestowed here one and here another\ncalf.\n15 The noble, Suradeva’s son, hath broughtacalf, led by the ear,\nto three of ns,\nAs a chief brings a goat to milk.\nHYMN\nLX. Agni\n.\n0 Agni, with thy mighty wealth guard us from all malignity,\nYea, from all hate of mortal man. m\n2 For over thee, 0 Friend from birth, the wrath of man hath\nno control\nNay, Guardian of the earth art thou.\n3 As such, with all the Gods, 0 Son of Strength, auspicious in\nthy flume,\nGive us wealth bringing all things good.\n4 Malignities stay notfrom wealththe mortal man whom, Agni,\nthou\nProtectest while he offers gifts.\n10 5 Sage Agni, he whom thou dost urge, in worship of the Gods,\nto wealth,\nWith thine assistance winneth kine.\nC Riches withmany heroes thou hastforthe manwhooffersgifts :\nLead thou ns on to higher bliss.\n7 Save ns, 0 JAtavedas, nor abandon us to him who sins,\nUnto the evil-hearted man.\n8 0 Agni, let nogodless man avert thy bounty as a God\n:\nOver all treasures thou art Lord.\n9 So, Son of Strength, thou aidest us to what is great and\nexcellent,\nThose, Vasu Friend who singthypraise.\n1 !\nLet our songs come anear to him beauteous and bright with\npiercing flame,\nOur offerings, with our homage, to the Lord of wealth, to\nhim whom many praise, for help :\n14 Hereone andhere another: tkam-ekam: meaningmany.\n15 S&radevasson Sara. S&yana explains saumdevi/ah as cows won in\nbattle. ‘May Maghavan, takingthemby theears, lead the cows with their\ncalves from our three (destructive enemies), as the owner leads a goatto\ndrink.’—Wilson. , —\n2 Guardian ofthe earth:kshrfpdvdn: *Lord ofthe night.’ S&yana.\n5 Winneth kine literally, is a goer among cows : ‘walks (lord) among\ncrowds ofcattle.*—Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 860,
            "content": ":: ; : ; :\n218 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIIF\n11 To Agni Jatavedas, to the Son ofStrength, that lie may give\nus precious gifts,\nImmortal, from of old Priest among mortal men, the most\ndelightful in the house :\n12 Agni, made yours by sacrifice, Agni, while holy rites advance;\nAgui, the first in songs, first with the warrior steed Agni to\n;\nwin the land for us.\n13 May Agni who is Lord ofwealth vouchsafe us food for friend-\nshipsake.\nAgni we ever seek for seed and progeny, the Vasu who\nprotectsflourlives.\n14 Solicitwithyourchants,forhelp,AgnitheGodwitlipiercingflame,\nFor riches famous Agni, Pummilha and ye men Agni to\n!\nlight our dwellingwell.\n15 Agni we laud that he may keep our foes afar, Agni to give ns\nhealth and strength.\nLet him as Guardian be iuvoked in all the tribes, the lighter-\nup of glowing brands.\nHYMN LXL Agni.\nWPr he opa kr ne oo wb sla tt hi eon o: rl de et rh ii nm gc tho em re eo; fa .n *dlettheministerserveagain\n2 Rejoicing in his friendship, let the priest be seated over man,\nBeside the shoot ofactive power.\n3 Him, glowing bright beyond all thought, they seekamong the\nrace ofman\n;\nWith him for tongue they seize the food.\n4 He hath inflamed the twofold plain life-giving, he hath\n;\nclimbed the wood,\nAnd with his tongue hath struck the rock.\n12 With thewarrior steed: arvati the fierceandrapidfirethatclearsthe\njunglefortheadvanceoftheAryansettlers.\n14 To light our 'dwellingwell I follow Ludwig’s expl—anation. Sftyana\nhikes sudUdyeasapropername\n:\nfahousefor(me)Suditi.’ Wilson.\n15 'Thelighter-up ofglowingbrands:vusturrishilnttm : accordingto S&yana,\n(thegiverofhomesto us Bishis.’\nThe language of the hymnis intentionally obscure, and much ofmy\ntranslation (in which I generally follow Ludwig) must be regarded as\nconjectural.\n1 Let himcome:Agui. Theminister or, theAdhvaryu.\nacc2 orT dh ie ngsh to oot vonAg Bn oi t, h.according to S&yana : the stalks of the Soma-plant,\n3 Theyseek thatis, theGods.\n4 Thetwofoldplain, theexpanses ofearthandheaven. Climbedthe wood:\naforestconflagrationisreferredto."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 861,
            "content": ": ;\nBYMN 61.] TEE RIQYEDA. n 0\n5 Wandering liere the radiant Calffinds none to fetter him, and\nseeks\nThe Mother to declare his praise.\n6 And now that great and.mighty team, theteamofhorses that\nare his,\nAnd traces ofhis car, are seen.\n7 The seven milk a single cow the two set other five to work.\n;\nOn the stream's loud-resounding bank.\n8 Entreated by Vivasvan's ten, Indra cast down the water-jar\nWith threefold hammer from the sky.\n9 Three times the newly-kindled flame proceeds around the\nsacrifice :\nThe priests anoint it with the meath.\n10 With reverence they drain the fount that circles with its\nwheel above,\nExhaustless, with the mouth below.\n11 The pressing-stones are set at work : the meath is poured into\nthe tank,\nAt the out-shedding ofthe fount.\n12 Ye cows, protect the fount the two Mighty Ones bless the\n:\nsacrifice. m\nThe handles twain are wrought ofgold.\n13 Pouron the juice the ornament which reachesboth the heaven\nand earth\n:\nSupply the liquid to the Bull.\n5 Theradiant Calf: Agni in the form of lightning. Here: in the aky\na tb ho e7v te T eh xu tes. hs aeT svh ee on nM : lo yot f ih f kie dcr mi .a; ti (t n ih g me apc mrl i )o e .u std Ss, , flw o yh r ai nac ash s si uw s pi t pl a ll n itp es sr . ,ai S cs e oe e wh ,i I wm I h. iw ci 1t h.h h2a e.t eh xA pu ln s ad i ie n nr g s- lp e as sca ol twm h:. e\nqharma pitcher or caldron usedforheatingmilk, etc., inthe Piavargyaceie-\niaouy. Loud-resoundingbank; with.reference to the sacrificial exclamations,\nutteredby the officiatingpriests. The two: theAdhvaryu andthePmtipras-\nth&tar,hisAssistant, directthe fiveothersinthe performanceoftheceremony.\nwor8 shE in pt pr ee ra .te Td eb ny pV ri iv ea st& svd an r’ es pt re on b; aba lc yco mr ed ai nn tg .to InS dt ry aana. Agt nh ie ot ren Adf iin bg ye ars maof yt bh ee\nm bae ba ln yt ,.— theSi iy sa in gia a. gliT gh he tnw ia nt ge .r-j Sa &r y; ant ahe exr pa li au iy nsc il tou bd y. raM su oum nm de ,r wy itm he ha in sin rag y, .pro-\nAp u\nr\nts co\na\nwu cu p1\n1\noa o sr0 2l r ue kl d\nd\nidT Ty\nd\nnih hi dnse\ne\nin sgt stf a to oo t un\nw\nfou d notn s kh mHt e ini Ma; lol inf kl wi ga d )r e nv he b.a\n,\nitw rt nyh at I ti n tth hcs d hn eOth en: sw e( si eht s\ns\naV neh c:e tne re d\ne\nil o i\nH\nfng w s ioeh cc ea\na\nehiar ven cp an evp\na\nri Me na ena yrr tt pe bo\na\nlen h er\nn\nedt o ndlm ol tty na ioh, lh fEa g\ny\nud at y ltv\nr\nch a ti\no\naIle\nh\nnr .l\nn.\n]a d3 et, c 2 ohi ft 5 tBr e mh ) uc ue\nr\niu t atl bl hc lia -eo lqr\nga\nyn u f\ns\nmit or d\nt\nne uu rn gtnn at .htm ns ea si —o s lo y Wanf mt iteh\ne\nlw f aw e dh sl nh :oi oM ii wc no nch .o gh ao na u ,r ht oie e. ft\n13 Theornament: themilkwhichis mingled withthe Soma. Tothe Bull;\ntoAgni."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 862,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMNS OF [BOOK VIII\n220 :\n14 These know their own abiding-place like calves beside- the\n:\nmother cows\nThey meet together with their kin,\n15 Devouring in their greedy jaws, they make sustaining food\n.\nin heaven,\nTo ludra, Agni light and prayer*\n16 The Pious One milked out rich food, sustenance dealt in por-\ntions seven,\nTogether with the Sun’s seven rays.\nIT I took some Soma when the Sun rose up, 0 Mitra, Yaruna.\nThat is the sick man’s medicine.\n18 Fromwhereoblationsmustbelaid, which is the Well-belovkTs\nhome,\nHe with his tongue hath compassed heaven.\nHYMN\nLXII. Asvins.\nHouseye for him who keeps the Law, yoke your steeds,\nAsvins, to yonr car\n:\nLet your protecting help be near*\n2 Come, Asvins, with your car more swift than is the twinkling\nofan eye : r\nLet yourprotecting help be near*\n3 Asvins, ye overlaid with cold the fiery pit for Atri’s sake :\nLet your protecting help be near.\n4 Where are ye? whither are ye gone? whither, like falcons,\nhave ye flown?\nLet your protecting help be near.\n5 Ifye at any time this day are listening to this my call,\nLet your protecting help be near.\n6 The Asvins, first to hear our prayer, for closest kinship I\napproach\n:\nLet'yourprotecting help he near.\n7 For Afri ye, 0 .Asvins, madeadwelling-place toshield him well.\nLet your protecting help be near,\n14 Theseknow: thecowsknow, andcometo, the place where they areto\nhemilkedforsacrificial purposes as wellas theyknowtheir own stable,\n15 Devouring perhapstheflames but the stanzais obscure.\n16 ThePiousOne: Agni. Dealt inp; ortionsseven: one foreach priest.\n—18 This Well-beloved'shome: *theplace whichI, theeager offerer, choose.*\nWilson. Haryatd, ‘thewell-beloved,’ isperhapstheSoma.\n1 Who keepsthe Law which enjoinssacrifice. TheRishi meanshimself.\n3 ForAtri'ssake seeI. 116. 8*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 863,
            "content": ":: ' :\nHYMN 62..] THE RIOVEDA. 221\n8 Yewarded off thefervent heatfor Atriwhen hesweetly spake\n:\nLet your protecting help be near.\n9 Erst Saptavadhri by his prayer obtained the trenchant edge\noffire:\nLet your protecting help be near.\n10 Come hither, 0 ye Lords of wealth, and listen to this call of\nmine\n:\nLet your protecting help be near.\n11 What is this praise told forth of you as Elders in the ancient\nway\n%\nLet your protecting help be near. r\n12 One common brotherhood is yours, Asvins, yourkindred isthe\nsame\n:\nLet yourprotecting help be near.\n13 This is your chariot, Asvins,which speeds throughthe regions,\nearth and heaven\n:\nLet your protecting aid be near.\n14 Approach ye hitherward to us with thousands both of steeds\nand kine\n:\nLetyour protecting help be near.\n15 Pass us not by, remember us with thousauds both of kine\nand steeds\n;\nLet your protecting help be near.\n16 The purple tinted Dawu bath risen, and truetoLawhath made\nthe light\nLet your protecting help be near.\n17 He looked upon the Asvins, as an axe-armed man uponatree\n:\nLet your protecting help be near.\n18 By the black band encompassed round, break it down, bold\none, like afort.\nLet your protecting help be near.\n9 Saptavadhri seeV. 78. 6. Hisrelease seems to have been effectedby\nemployingfire. But see Myriantheus, DieAqrins, pp. 88, 90.\n11 ‘Why isthis Repe—ated invocation) addressed to you as if you were\ndecrepit like oldmen ?’ Wilson.\n12 Onecommonbrotherhood: astwin childrenof the consort of Vivasv&n/\ntheSun.\n17 Themeaningis obscure. ‘Asvins,the ’,,M1 :. 1 (sun cleaves\nthe darkuess) asthewoodmanwithhisaxeat.- . '» ' 'h [thedemon]\nlookedattheAsvins. Grassmaun.\n18 Thefirstlineis said by Siiyana to be addressed to Saptavadhri. It\nseemstoexpress 1\" * before an attack upon a Ddsa enemy.\nButsee Myriantt- . .V ; r ; 20.x,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 864,
            "content": ";:: ;\n222 THE hymns of [BOOK VIII.\nHYMN\nLXTII. Agni.,\nExerting all our strength with thoughts of power we glorify\nin speech\nAgui your dear familiar Friend, the darling Guest in every\nhome.\n’ 2 Whom,servedwithsacrificialoillikeMitra, menpresentinggifts\nEulogize with their songs of praise\n3 Much-lauded Jatavedas, him whobears oblations upto heaven\nPrepared in serviceoftheGods.\n4 To noblestAgni,Friend ofman, bestVritra-slayer,arewecome,\nHim in whosepresence Kiksha’s son, mighty Srutarvan, waxes\ngreat\n5 To deathless Jatavedas, meetforpraise, adored with sacredoil,\n\"Visible through the gloom of n ;ght;\n6 Even Agni whom these priestly men worship with sacrificial\ngifts,\nWith lifted ladles offering them.\n7 0 Agni, this our newest hymn hath been addressed from us‘to\nthee,\n0 cheerful Guest, well-born, most wise, worker of wonders,\nne’er deceived.\n«\n8 Agni, may it be dear to thee, most grateful, and exceeding\nsweet\nGrow mightier, eulogized therewith.\n9 Splendid with splendours may it be, and in the battle with\nthe foe\nAdd loftier glory to thy fame.\n10 Steed, cow, a lord of heroes, bright like Jndra, who shall fill\nthe car,\nWhose high renown ye celebrate, and people praise each glo-\nrious deed.\n11 Thou whom Gopavana made glad with song, 0 Agni Angiras,\nHear this my call, thou Holy One.\n12 Thou whom the priestly folk implore to aid the gathering of\nthe spoil,\nSuch be thou in the fight with foes.\n1 IfollowLudwiginhisinterpretation of thisstanza, the construction of\nwhichisdifficult.\n—\n12 0Li Sk tee edM ,it cr oa w: o tr hea rs ea isf nri oen vd er; bo tr ol gi oke vet rh ne S tu hn e.\nse\nS ac& cy ua sn aa t.\nives. Perhaps, let\nit, thatis, thehymn, give, maybe understood. S&yana explains gdm, cow,\nbygantdram, goer. *(Worship)ye men,—the bright (Agni) who goes like a\nhorseandfillsourchariots (withspoil).’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 865,
            "content": ":: :: : :\nm\ntlYMN THE RIOVEDA.\n64.]\n13 1, called to him who reels with joy, Srufcarvan, Biksha's son,\nshall stroke\nThe heads of four presented steeds, like.thelong wool offleecy\nrams.\n14 Fourcoursers witha splendidcar,Savistha’shorses,fleetoffoot,\nShall bring me to the sacred feast, as flying steeds brought\nTugm’s son.\n15 The very truth do I declare to thee, Parushnt, mighty flood.\nWaters ! no man is there who gives more horses than Savishr\ntha gives.\nHYMN\nLXIV. * Agni.\nYoke,Agni, asacharioteer, thysteedswhobestinvitetheGods\n;\nAs ancient Herald seat thyself.\n2 And, God, as skilfnllestof all, call forushitherward theGods\n:\nGive all our wishes sure effect.\n3 For thou, Most Youthful, Son of Strength, thou to whom\nsacrifice is paid,\nArt holy, faithful to the Law.\n4 This Agni, Lord of wealth and spoil hundredfold, thousand-\nfold, is head\nAnd chief of riches andti Sage.\n5 As craftsmen bend thefelly, so bendat ourgeneralcall\n:\ncome\nnigh,\nAngiras, to the sacrifice.\n6 Now, 0 Virupa, rouse for him, Strong God who shinesat early\nmorn,\nFair praise with voice that ceases not.\n7 With missile of this Agni, his who looks afar, will we lay low\nThe thief in combat for the kine.\n8 Let not the Companies of Gods fail us, like Dawns that float\naway,\nLike cows who leave the niggardly.\n14 Tugra's son; Bhujyu. SeeVol. I.,Index.\n15 Parushnt now theRAvi, the river on whose bank Srutarvan offered\nhis sacrifice.\n1 AncientHerald or, chief Invoker,\n6 Virilpcv the Rishi of the hymnwho addresses himself. Whoshinesat\nearlymorn or, aspiring heavenward.\n7 Thethief thehymn is aprayerforaidinan expedition fortherecovery\nof stolen cattle.\n8 Like Datunsthatfloataway Hike cowsthatbathethemin the stream/\naccordingto theexplanation giveninthe St. PetersburgLexi—con. Like cows\nwho leaveike niggardly; 1the kineabandon notalittle (calf).’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 866,
            "content": ": :\n2294 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIIL\nLetnot the sinful tyranny of any fiercely-hating foe\nSmite us, as billows smite a ship.\n10 0 Agni, God, the.people sing reverent praise to thee for\nstrength\n:\nWith terrors trouble thou the foe.\n11 Wilt thou not, Agni, lend us aid in winuing cattle, winning\nwealth%\nMaker of room, make room for us.\n12 lu this great battle cast us not aside as one who bears aload :\nSnatch up the wealth and win it all.\n13 0 Agni, lee this plague pursue and fright another and not us :\nMake our impetuous strength more strong.\n14 The reverent or unwearied man whose holy labour he accepts,\nHim Agni favours with success.\n,\n15 Abandoning the foeman’s host pass hither to this company\nAssist the men with whom I stand.\n16 As we have kuown thy gracious help, as ofa Father, longago,\nSo now we pray to thee for bliss,\nHYMN LXV. Indra.\nNot to forsake me, I invoke this Indra girt by Maruts, Lord\nOf magic power who rules with might.\n2 This Indra with his Marut Friends clave into pieces Vritra’s\nhead\nWith hundred-knotted thunderbolt.\n3 Indra, with Marut Friends, grown strong, hath rent asunder\nVritra, and\nEeleased the waters of the sea. a\n4 This is that Indra who, begirt by Maruts, won the light of\nheaven\nThat he might drink the Somajuice.\n5 Mighty, impetuous, begirt by Maruts, him who loudly roars,\nIndra we iuvocate with songs.\n6 Indra begirt by Maruts we invoke after the ancient plan,\nThat he may drink the Soma juice.\n7 0 liberal Indra, Marut-girt, much-lauded Satakrafcu, drink\nThe Soma at this sacrifice.\n8 To thee, 0 Indra, Marut-girt, these Somajuices, Thunderer!\nAre offered from the heart with lauds.\n3 Ofthesea of thefirmamentoroceanof air."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 867,
            "content": ": : : : : : :\nH9YMN 66.] THE HIGVEDA. 225\nDrink, Indra, with thy Marat Friends, pressed Soma at the\nmorning rites,\nWhetting thy thunderbolt with strength.\n10 Arising iu thymight, thyjaws thou shookest, Indra, having\nquaffed\nThe Soma which the mortar pressed.\n11 Indra, both worlds complained to thee when uttering thy\nfearful roar,\nWhat time thou smotest Dasyus dead.\n12 From Indra have Imeasuredout a songeight-footed withnine\nparts,\nDelicate, faithful to the Law. *\nHYMJST LXYI. Indra.\nScarcely was Satakratu born when ofhis Mother he inquired,\nWho are the mighty ? Who are famed 1\n2 Then Savasi declared to him Aurnavabha, Ahisuva\n.\nSon, these be they thou must overthrow.\n3 The Yrifcra-slayer smote them all as spokes are hammered in-\nto naves\nThe Dasyu-killer waxed in might.\n4 Then Indra at a single draught drank the contents of thirty\npails,\nPails that were filled with Somajuice.\n5 Indra in groundless realms of space pierced the Gandharva\nthrough, that he\nMight make the Brahmans’ strength increase.\n11 Complainedto thee iu terror. When uttering thy fearful roar the\nmeaningof Jcrdhshamctnam renderedthusconjecturally,isuncertain.\n12 Eight-footed with nin, e parts: the hymn consists of triplets, each of\nwhichcontainsnine Phdas,partsorhalf-lines, of eightfeetor syllables each.\niT nha tht ai ts, met th re em ,e ot rre nii ns eoc ot co ts oy sl yl la lb ai bc ic(8 Px Ma3) s, .and Frt oh metr Ii np dl ret acou ot ra ii gn is nat th ir ne ge is ntan hz ia ms\nas its subject or inspirer. Puithful to the Law: closely connected with\nsacrifice.\n1 Op.VIII. 45. 4.\n2 Savast: or, theMightyOne,Xndra’sMother. Aurnavdbha or Urnav&bha’s\nson. * SeeVIII. 32. 26. These: and other fiends, as t6,these, isplural.\nthi4 ssP ta ai nl zs a: isor unb co ew rl ts ai; n.lite Ir tall ay p, pl ea ak re ss. toTh be e m ae nan ai djn eg cto if veth qe uaw lo ir fyd inh gd sn au rdM nsi in\npailsorlakes. SeenoteinWilson’s Translation.\n5 TheGandharva a heavenly being who dwellsin theregion of the air\nandguards the celestial Soma, that is, the rain. See I. 22. 14, and 163. 2.\nAccordingtoS&yana, the Gandharvaistherain-clouditself,which Indrashat-\ntered, andso releasedthefertiliziogwater.\n15"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 868,
            "content": "—\n::: :\n223 Ml HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII,\n6 Djowh fromthe.mountains Indra shot hitherhis well-directed\nshaft\nHe gainedthe ready brew of rice.\n7 One only is.that shaft ofthine, with thousand feathers, hunch\nred barbs,\nWhich, Indra, thou hast made thy friend.\n8 Strong as the Ribhus at thy birth, therewith to those who\npraise thee, men\nAnd women, bring thou food to eat.\n9 By thee these exploits were achieved, the mightiest deeds,\nabundantly\n:\nFirm in thy heart thon settest them.\n10 All these things Vishnu brought, the Lord ofample stride\nwhomthou hadsfc sent\nA hundred buffaloes, a brew of rice and milk : and Indra\nslew the ravening boar.\n11 Most deadly is thy bow, successful, fashioned well good is\n;\nthine arrow, decked with gold.\nWarlike and well equipped thine arms are, which increase\nsweetness for him who drinks the sweet.\nHYMN LXVIL\nindra.\nBeing us a thousand, Indra, as our guerdon for the Soma\njuice\n:\nHundreds of kine, 0 Hero, bring.\n2 Bring cattle, bring us ornament, bring ns embellishment and\nsteeds,\nGive us, besides, two rings of gold.\n6 Thestanzaissimilarlyexplainedby Sdyana. Indrasmote therain from\nthe clouds,and obtainedfoodfprmen.\n7 Oneonly Iudraaloneis thewielderofthethunderbolt.\n10 Allthesethings: thebuffaloesordark clouds, and therice andmilk ojr\nfertilizingrain. Slew; the Verbis supplied by S&)ana. Theravening hoar:\nVritra.Cf. I. 61. 7, wherethedeedissimilarlyrelated. SeeProf.A.A, Mac-\ndonell, JournalF. A. Society , 1895, p. 186.\n11 Whichincreasesweetness/orhim whodrinks thesweet thisis Ludwig’s\ninterpretationoftwovery difficult words whichmean accordingto Wilson’s\nt aT o cra ctn ohs rel da it nSi t go .n tP, oe( Gtd e re r as s st b sr u mu r ac gt ni nv L ,e el x ‘y i sc wo o ev n ee ,r tt n4h elr sio skw e li on t vg ew, so td b he e ys et s tru d wc e ot li i liv g pe h sl t .y ’ingpi ie nrc si wn eg e; t’ nea sc sco ;r *d ai nn dg\n1 A thousand: cowp,understood.\n2 Tworings the meaningofmandhereissomewhatuncertain. See Max\nM ti hd el ner R, ituI an ld ,ia p, .W 8h 0a ;t ac na dni Zt imT mea ec rh ,n As l? tip ndp is1 c2 h5 e. s1 L2 e6 he;\nn\n,We ppb .er $, 0,Fp 5i 1s .chesim Vedis-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 869,
            "content": ": : : ;\nHXMN aa.] T&3 BXGVEDA. 227\n3 Apd, BoldOne, bringinamplestorerichjewelstoadornth^ear,\nForthou, Good Lord, art far renowned.\n4 None other is there for the priest? Hero ! but,thou, to give\nhim gifts,\nTo win much spoil and prosper him.\n5 Indra can never be brought low, Sakra can never be subdued\nHe heareth and? beholdeth alj.\n6 Hespiethoutthe wrathofman,hewhocanneverbe deceived\n:\nEre blame can come he marketh it.\n7 Hehathhisstomachfullofmight,theYritra-slayer, Conqueror,\n10 The Soma-drinker, ordering all.\n8 In thee all treasures are combined, Soma ! all*blessM things\nin thee,\nUninjured, easy to bestow.\n9 To thee speedsforth my hope.that craves the gift of corn, and\nkine and gold,\nYea, craving horses, speeds to thee.\nIndra, through hope in thee alone even this sickle do I grasp.\nFill my hand, Maghavan,’ with all that it can hold qf barley\ncut or gathered up.\nHYMN\nLXVIII. Soma.\nThis here is Soma, ne’er restrained, active, all-conquering\nbursting forth, *\nE-ishi and Sage by sapience.\n2 All that is bare he covers o’er, all that is sick he medicines\nThe blind man sees, the cripple walks.\n3 Thou, Soma, givestwide defence againstthehate ofalien men,\nHatreds that waste and weaken us.\n4 Thou by thine insight and thy skill, Impetuous One, from\nheaven and earth\nDrivest the sinner’s enmity.\n5 When to their task they come with zeal, may they obtain the\nGiver’s grace,\nAnd satisfy his wish who thirsts.\n8 Soma: here said to mean Indrahimself.\n10 *Itwouldappearasif thefieldwereaba—rren oneandthe poet sought\nfromIndraaharvestwhichhehadnotsown.’ Wilson.\n1 Burstingforth accordingto S&yana, causing(fruit)tospring forth.\n4 Impetuous One: rijishin accordingtoS&yana, ‘possessedof theremains\nor dregsof the Somajuiceoffered in thethirdadvance.7\n5 They: the*priests. The Giver's: bountiful 'Inca’s. His wish,; Indra’*\nlongingforSoma-libations,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 870,
            "content": ": : : :\n228 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK Y1IL\n6 So may he find what erst was lost, so may he speed the pious\nman,\nAnd lengthen his remaining life.\n7 Gracious, displaying tender love, unconquered, gentle in thy\nthoughts,\nBe sweet, 0 Soma, to our heart.\n8 0 Soma, terrify us not; strike us not with alarm, 0 King :\nWound not our heart with dazzlingflame.\n9 When in my dwelling-place I see the wicked enemies of Gods,\nKing, chase their hatred far away, thou Bounteous One,\ndispel our foes.\nHYMK LXIX. Indra.\n0 Satakrattj, truly I have made none else my Comforter.\nIndra, be gracious unto us.\n2 Thou who hast ever aided us kindly ofold to win the spoil,\n9 As such, 0 Indra, favour us,\n3 What now % As prompter ofthe poor thou helpest him who\nsheds thejuice.\nWilt thou not, Indra, strengthen us%\n4 0 Indra, help our chariot on, yea, Thunderer, though it lag\nbehind\nGive this\n:my\ncar the foremost place.\n5 Ho there\n!\nwhy sittest thou at ease$ Make thou my ohariot\nto be first\nAnd bring the fame of victory near.\n6 Assist our car that seeks the prize. Whatcan be easier for\nthee?\nSo make thou us victorious.\n7 Indra, be firm afort art thou. To thine' appointed place\n:\nproceeds\nThe auspicioushymn in season due.\n8 Let not ourportionbedisgrace. Broad isthe oourse, the prize\nis set,\nThe barriers are opened wide.\nThis thing we wish, that thou mayst take thy fourth, thy\nsacrificial name.\nSo art thou held to be our Lord. —\n«\nare9 diT sh pe lew ai sc ek ded wie tn hem mi ee .s or,theenmities ; that is, whenIseethatthe Gods\n4 Thehymnisaprayerforsuccessinacomingchariotrace. —\n7 To thineappointedplace ‘to theetherepelier(ofenemies),’ Wilson.\n9 Thyfourth, thysacrificialname theotherthree,accordingto S&yana,are\ntheconstellation-name, thesecretname, and therevealedname."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 871,
            "content": ": : :\nHymn ?i.] ybe EiavEDA. 229\n.10 Ekadyii hath exalted you, Immortals both Goddesses and\n:\nGods hath he delighted.\nBestow upou him bounty meet for praises. May he, enriched\nwith prayer, come soon and early.\nHYMN\nLXX. Indra.\nIndra, God of the mighty arm, gather for us with thy right\nhand\nManifold and nutritious spoil.\n2 We knowthee mighty in thy deeds, ofmightybounty, mighty\nwealth,\nMighty in measure, prompt to aid. c\n3 Hero, when thou art fain to give, neither may Gods nor\nmortal men\nRestrain thee like a fearful Balk\n4c Come, let us glorify Indra, Lord supreme ofwealth, Self-\nruling King\n:\nIn bounty may he harm us not.\n5 Let prelude sound and following chant : so let him hear the\nSaman sung,\nAnd with his bounty answer us.\n6 0 Indra, with thy right handbring, andwith thy left remem-\nber us: *\nLet us not lose our share of wealth.\n7 Come nigh, 0 Bold One, boldly bring hither the riches of\nthe churl\nWho giveth least ofall the folk.\n8 Indra, the booty which thou hast withholy singers to receive,\nEven that booty win with us.\n9 Indra, thy swiftly-coming spoil, the booty which rejoices all,\nSounds quick in concert with our hopes.\nHYMN LXXI. Indra.\nHaste forward to us from afar, or, Vritra-slayer, from anear,\nTo meet the offering of the meath.\n10 The Gods in generalarethedeitiesofthisstanza. Ulcady'disthe seerof\nthehymn. He,enrichedwithprayer Indra,exalted by ourhymn.\ngdt5 arL ,et twp ore ol fud te heso ou ffn id ci: atp ir nd gps rt io es sh ta sd aM tip ta hg eds ci hs ah na tt ingle ot ft ahe Sapr ma as nt ,ot da ir sca hn ad rgt ehe thu ed i-\nr\nfun 8ct Wio in ns w: itt hhe usfo :rm me ar kesi ung si tn hg y.th ale liep sr .eludeand-the lattertheaccompaniment.\n9 Soundsinconcertwith our hopes answerstoour ,expectation, perhaps\nas Ludwigthinks, the word*sounds* referstothe herdof cattle whichpro-\nbablyconstitutedthespoilthatisspokenof."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 872,
            "content": ":\n*3#0 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK Tiff.\n% Strong are the Soma-draughts ; come nigh : thejuices fill thee\nwith delight\nDrink boldly even ’as thou art wont,\n3 Joy, Indra, in the strengthening food : let it content thy wish\nand thought,\nAnd be delightful to thine heart.\n4 Come to us thou who hastno foe\n:\nwecalltheedowntohymns\nofpraise,\nIn heaven’s sublimest realm oflight.\n5 This Soma here expressed with stones and dressed with milk\nfor thy carouse,\nIndra, i-s offered up to thee,\n6 Graciously, Iudra, hear my call. Come andobtainthedraught,\nand sate\nThyselfwithjuicesblent with milk.\n7 The Soma, Indra, which is shed in chalices and vats for thee,\nDrink thou, for thou art Lord thereof.\n8 TheSomaseen withinthevats, as in theflood theMoon isseen,\nDriuk thou, for thou art Lord thereof.\n9 That which the Hawk brought in his claw, inviolate, through\nthe air to thee,\nDrink thou, for thouart Lord thereof.\nHYMN\nLXXII.\nVisvedevas,\nWe chooseuntoourselvesthathighprotectionoftheMightyGods\nThat it may help and succour us.\n2 Maythey be ever our allies, Yaruna, Mitra, Aryaman,\nFar-seeing Gods whoprosper us.\n3 Ye fuTlherers ofholy Law, transport us safe*o’er many woes,\nAs over water-floods inships.\n4 Dear wealth be Aryaman to us, Yaruna dear wealth meetfor\npraise\n:\nDear wealth we choose unto ourselves.\n5 For Sovrans ofdear wealth are ye, A<iityas, not of sinner's\nwealth,\nYe sapient Gods whoslay theJoe.\n6 We in our homes, yeHounteoijp Ones, and while we journey\non the road,\nInvokeyou, Gods, to prosper us.\n8 Moon ; inallusiontothedouble meaningof Soma, thep'lau'tand its\njuice,and theHoon.\n9 TheHawk ; seeI, 80. 2, and 93. d."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 873,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 74.] THE MiaVEDA, 5231\n7 Regard its, Indra, Vishiiu, here, ye Asvinsand the Marufchost,\nUs who are kith and kin to you.\n8 Ye Bounteous Ones, from time of old we heire set forth our\nbrotherhood,\nOur kinship in the Mother’s womb.\n9 Then come with Indra foryour chief, at early day, ye Boun-\nteous Gods\nYea, I address you now for this.\nHYMN\nLXXIII.\nAgiii.\nAgni, your dearestGuest, Ilaud, himwho islovingasa friend,\nWho brings us riches like a car. €\n2 Whom as a far-foreseeing Sage the Gods have, from the olden\ntime,\nEstablished among mortal men.\n3 Do thou. Most Youthful God, protect the men who offer, heat\ntheir songs.\nAnd ofthyselfpreserve their seed,\ni What is the praise wherewith, 0 God, Anglras, Agni, Son ot\nStrength,\nWe, after thine own wish and thought,\n5 May serve thee, 0 thou 0hild of Power, and with what sacri-\nfice’s plan ?\nWhat prayer shall I now speak to theef\n6 Our God, make all of us to dwell in happy habitations, and\nReward our songs with spoil and wealth.\n7 Lord of the house, what plenty fills the songs which thou ins-\npirest now,\nThou whose hymn helps to win the kine?\n8 Him Wise andStrong they glorify,the foremost Champion in\nthe fray,\nAnd mighty in his dwelling-place.\n9 Agni, he dwells in rest and.peace whosmites andnoone smites\nagain\nWith hero sons he prospers well.\nHYMN LXXIY. Asvins.\nTo this mineinvocation, 0 ye Asvins, ye Nasatyas, eome,\nTo drink the savoury Somajuice.\n8 IntheMother'swomb; ascommonchildrenofAditi the GeneralMother\nof $all Al ni dvi ong ftb he ri /n wg ls f.\npreservetheirseed;\nor,andguard, ourof„ fspringand,our,sel,ves.\n9 Me : thefaithfulworshipper."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 874,
            "content": ": : :\nm\nTDK HYMNS OF [BOOK TIJI\n.\n,2 This laud of mine, ye Asvins Twain, and this mine invitation\nhear,\nTo drink the savoury Somajuice.\n.\n3 Here Krishnaisinvokingyou, 0 Asvins, Lordsofamplewealth,\nTo drink the savoury Somajuice.\n4 List, Heroes, to the singer's call, the call of Krishna lauding\nyou\nTo dri? nk the savoury Somajuice.\n5 Chiefs, to the sage who sings your praise grant an inviolable\nhome,\nTo drink the savoury Somajuice.\n6 Come to the worshipper's abode, Asvins, who here is lauding\nyou,\nTo drink the savoury Soma juice.\n7 Yoke to the firmly-jointed car the ass which draws you, Lords\nof wealth,\nTo drink the savoury Soma juice.\n8 Comehither, Asvins, onyour car of tripleformwithtripleseat,\nTo drink the savoury Soma juice.\n9 0 Asvins, 0 Nasatyas, now accept with favouring grace my\nsongs, *\nTo drink the savoury Soma juice.\nHYMN LXXV.\nAsvins.\nYe Twain are wondrous strong, well-skilled in arts that heal,\nboth bringers of delight, ye both won Dakylm's praise.\nVisvaka calls on yon as such to save his life. Break ye not\noff our friendship, come and set me free.\n2 How shall he praise you now whois distraught in mind? Ye\nTwain give wisdom for the gain of what is good.\nVisvaka calls on you as such to save his life. Break ye not\noff ourfriendship, come and set me free.\n5 To drink sothatyemaydrink.\n87 T Oh fe ta rs is pl: efcf o. rI m. w3 i4 t. h9 tr; ip1 l1 e6. se2 at;an sed e1 I6 .2. 342 .1.\n2, 9.\nTheKisliiisVisvakason of Krishna.\nAsv1 inD sak ws oh na’ Ss fip rr ya dis fe or: to hn eit rh be rio dc ec ,a Is .io 1n 16m .e 1n 7t .ion Te od sai vn eI. hi1 s16 l. if2 e:; o ar ccw orh de in ngth te\no\nh-Ayana, ‘forthesake of—hisson.’ Comeandsetmefree: ‘flying loose (your\nreinsandgallophither).’ Wilson. ‘Unyokeyourhorses.’—Grassmann,\nwh2 omDi ls it er ia nu vg oh kt esvn tm hein Ad svinr se ’fe ar ir di .ng Ae ci cth oe rr dit no gV ti osv Sa &k ya anah ,im Vs ie mlf a, n&o lr it (h de ism ta rn augf ho tr\ninuuudjhere13thenameof aKishi."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 875,
            "content": ": ;\nHYMH 76.] THE PIGVEDA. 238\n3 Already have ye Twain, possessors of great wealth, prospered\nVishn&pu thus for gain of what is good.\n,\nVisvaka calls on yon as such to save his life. Break ye not\noff our friendship, come and set me free.\n4 And that Impetuous Hero, winner of the spoil, though he is\nfar away, we call to succour us,\nWhose gracious favour, like a father’s, is most sweet. Break\nye not off our friendship, come and set me free.\n5 About the holy Law toils Savitar the God : the horn of holy\nLaw hath he spread far and wide.\nThe holy Law hath quelled even mighty men qf war. Break\nye not off our friendship, come and set me free.\nHYMN LXXVI. Asvins,\nSplendid, 0 Asvins, is your praise. Come, fountain-like, to\npour the stream.\n— —\nOf the sweetjuice effused dearis it,Chiefs,inheaven drink\nlike two wild-bulls at a pool.\n2 Drink the libation richinsweets, 0AsvinsTwain : sit. Heroes,\non the sacred grass.\nDo ye withjoyful heart in the abode of man preserve his life\nby means of wealth.\n^\n3 ThePriyamedhasbidyoncomewithallthesuccoursthatareyours.\nCome to his house whose holy grass is trimmed, to dear sacri-\nfice at the morning rites.\n4 Drink ye the Soma rich inmeath, yeAsvins Twain : sit gladly\non the sacred grass.\nSo, waxen mighty, to out eulogy from heavencomeyeas wild-\nbulls to the pool.\n5 Cometo us, 0yeAsvins, now withsteedsofmany a variedhue,\nYe Lords of splendour, wondrous, borne on paths of gold,\ndrink Soma, ye who strengthen Law.\n6 For we the priestly singers, fain to hymn your praise, invoke\nyou for the gain,of strength. •\nSo, wondrous, fair, and famed for great deeds come to us,\nthrough our hymn, Asvins, when ye hear.\n3 YisJindpH: theItishi’sson orgrandson.\n4 ThaiImpetuous Hero Indra. ‘Thesetwoverses/ saysGrassmaun, 4are\ntakenfromanotherhymn. Verse 6 is addressedtoSavitar, and verse 4, as\nit appears, to Indra. Therefrain, which is altogether unsuitable here, has\nbeenaddedin ordertoconnecttheverseswiththeprecedinghymn.’\n2 The libation : gharmdm ; theheatedmilkor otherbeverage,prthevessel\nin whichitisheated.\n3 ThePriyamedhas Priyamedhaandhisfamily."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 876,
            "content": "—\n;\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIIT,\nHYMN LXXVII. Indra.\nAs cows low to their calves in stalls, so with our songs we\nglorify\nThis Indra, even your Wondrous God who checks attack, who\njoys in the deliciousjuice.\n2 Celestial, bounteous Giver,girt aboutwith might, rich, moun-\ntain-like, in precious things,\nHim swift we seek for foodful booty rich in kine, brought\nhundredfold and thousandfold.\n3 Indra, the strong and lofty hills are powerless to bar thyway.\nNone stay^that act of thine when thou wouldst fain give\nwealth to one like me who sings thy praise.\n4 A Warrior thou by strength, wisdom, and wondrous deed, in\nmight excellest all that is.\nHithermay this our hymn attract thee to ourhelp, the hymn\nwhich Gotamas have made.\n5 For in thy might thou stretchest out beyond the boundaries\nof heaven.\nThe earthly region, Indra, comprehends thee not. After thy\nGodhead hast thou waxed.\n6 When, Maghavan, thou honourest the worshipper, no one is\nthere to stay thy wealth. *\nMost liberal Giverthou, do thou inspire our song of praise,\nthat we may win the spoil.\nHYMN LXXVIII,\nIndrfc.\nToIndrasingtheloftyhymn,Maruts !thatslaysthe Vritrasbest*\nWhereby the Holy Ones created fur the God the light divine\nthatever wakes.\n2 Indra who quells the Curse blew Curses far away, and then in\nsplendour came to us.\nIndra, refulgent withthyMaruthost theGodsstrove eagerly\n!\nto win thy Live.\n3 Sing to your lofty Indra, sing, Maruts, a holy hymn of praise.\nLet Satakratu, Vritra-slayer, kill thefoe with hundred-knotted\nthunderbolt.\n1 As cows: thecowswhoaremilked for sacrificial purposes, whose calvei\nare shutupduring theceremony.\n6 T.'heearthlyregion therajasregion,middleair, orfirmamentisfrequent*\n]y dividedinto two, onehalfbelonging to theearthand theothertothe kky.\nSeeWallis, CosmologyoftheBigveda pp. 114, 115.\n,\nYri} lsM ona .rut Ts he; lh ige hr te dim ve ia nn ei :n tg heth Se un,si wh hg ier cs ho tf heth Ye ish vey dm en vao sf gp er na eis re a. ted*P or rie cs rt es a/\nted\nforIndra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 877,
            "content": ": :\nMYMN 79.] TMB RIG71EDA 235\n.\n4 Aim and fetch boldly forth, 0 thou whose heart is bold great\nglory will be thine thereby. :\nIn rapid torrent letthemother watersspread. Slay Vritra,win\nthe light of heaven.\n5 When thou, unequalled Maghavan, wast bom to smite the\nVritras dead,\nThou spreadest out the spacious earth and didst support and\nprop the heavens.\n6 Then was the sacrificeproduced for thee, the laud, and song\nof joy,\nThou in thy might surpassest all, all that now is and yet\nshall be. -\n7 Baw kine thou filledst with ripe milk. Thoumadest Surya\nrise to heaven.\nHeat him as milk is heated with pure Sama hymns, great joy\nto him who loves the song.\nHYMN\nLXXIX.\nIn&ra.\nMat Indra, who in every fight must beinvoked, beneartous.\nMay the most mighty Vritra-slayer, meet for praise, come to\nlibations and to hymns.\n2 Thou art the best ofall ip sending bounteous gifts, true art\nthou, lordly in thine act.\nWe\nclaim alliance with the very Glorious One, yea, with the\nMighty Son of Strength.\n3 Prayers unsurpassed are offered up to thee the Lover of the\nSong.\nIndra, Lord ofBay Steeds, accept these fitting hymns, hynini\nwhich we have thought out for thee.\n4 For thou, 0 Maghavan, art truthful, ne’er subdued, and\nbringest many a Vritra low.\n-As such, 0 Mightiest Lord, Wielder of Thunder, send wealth\nhither to the worshipper.\n247 VR IIa Iw .k 3i 2n .e 2; 5.cf. ThI. ou62 ma9 d; est18 S0 &. ry3 a; riI sI. et4 o0. he2 av;eI nV 3 S. &y9; anV aI r. ela72 t. es4 al; e1 g7 e. n6 d; th4 a4.\nt\nwhe;nthe Paniahad carriedoffthecowa ofthe Angirases andplaced them ina\nmountainenvelopedin darkness, Indra, attheprayerof the Rtshis, set the\nsuninheavenin orderthathe mightsee andrecovertheircattle. Meathim\nas milkisheated thisline is difficult. ‘(Priests) excite—(Indra) withyour\npraises as men heat the Qharma with jSVfman-hymns.’ Wilson, Gharma\nmeans either thehot milk or otherbeverage offeredin the Pravargyacere-\nmony, orthevesselin whichitisheated. Greatjoy tohimwholovesthesong:\n'or.perhapsthemeaningis, tbeBrihat-S&man(oneofthemostimportantS&ma\nhymns, thefirstand seoond versesof V.VI 46),isdearto him who loves\nsong.\n3 flittinghymns ; ydjand : seeWilson’sTranslationandnote."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 878,
            "content": ": : • : : :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII.\n5 0 Indra, thouartfar-renowned, impetuous, 0Lordof Strength.\nAlone thou slayest with the guardian of mankind resistless\nnever-conquered foes. .\n6 As such we seek thee now, 0 Asura, thee most wise, craving\nthy bounty as our share.\nThy sheltering defence is like a mighty cloak. So may thy\nglories reach to us.\nHYMN LXXX,\nIndra.\nDown to the stream a maiden came, and found the Soma by\nthe way.\nBearing i£ to her home she said, For Indra will I press thee\nout, for Sakra will I press thee out.\n2 Thou roaming yonder, little man, beholding every house in\nturn,\nDrink thou this Somapressed with teeth, accompanied with\ngrain and curds, with cake of meal and song ofpraise.\n3 Fain would we learn-to know thee well, noryet can we attain\nto thee.\nStill slowly and in gradual drops, 0 Indu, unto Indra flow.\n4 Will he not help and work for us1 Will he not make us\nwealthierh\nShall we not, hostile to ourlord/uniteourselves to Indranow ?\n5 0 Tndra, c—ause to sprout again three places, these which I\n,\ndeclare,\nMy father’s head, his cultured field, and this the part below\nmy waist.\n6 Make all ofthese grow crops ofhair, yon cultivated field of\nours,\nMy body, and my father’s head. *\n7 Cleansing ApMa, Indra ! thrice, thou gavest sunlike skin to\nher,\nDrawn, Satakratu ! throughthe hole of car, of wagon, and of\nyoke.\n5 7'heguardianofmankind Indra’s thunderboltwith whichhe slays the\ndemonsofdrought.\nTheIlishiisApftl&ofthefamilyofAtri.\n1 A maiden ApftlA\n2 Little man : vtrakah according to S&yaua, hero. Indra is intended,\nperhapsasSftryatheSuu-God.\n3 Inda; Soma.\n4 He Indra. Hostiletoourlord Ap&lft, itis said, was afflicted with a\ncutaneousdisease andwas consequentlyrepudiatedbyherhusband.\n7 Sunlike: brightandclear. 1S&yanasaysthat Indradraggedherthrough\nthewideholeofhis chariot, thenarrowerholeofthecartandthe small hole\nof theyoke>andshecastoffthree skins. Thefirstskin became a hedgehog,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 879,
            "content": ":: : : :\nm\nHYMN 81.] TEE RIQYEDA.\nHYMN\" LXXXI. Indra..\nInvite ye Indra with a song to.drink your draught of Soma\njuice,\nAll-conquering Satakratu, most munificent ofall who live.\n2 Lauded by many, much-invoked, leader of song, renowned\nof old\nHis name is Indra, tell it forth.\n3 Indra the Dancer be to us the giver ofabundant strength\nMay he, the mighty, bring it near. :\n4 Indra whose jaws are strong hath drunk of worshipping\nSudaksha’s draught, ^\nThe Somajuice with barley mixt.\n5 Call Indraloudly with your songs ofpraise to drink the Soma\njuice,\nFor this is what augments his strength.\n6 When be hath drunk its gladdening drops the God with\nvigour of.a God\nHath far surpassed all things that are.\n7 Thou speedest down to succour us this ever-conquering God\nofyours,\nHim who isdrawn to all our songs;\n8 The Warrior not to be restrained, the Soma-drinker ne’er\noverthrown,\nThe Chieftain-ofresistless might.\n9 0 Indra, send us riches, thou Omniscient, worthy ofour\npraise\nHelp us in the decisive fray.\nthesecondan alligator, thethirdachameleon. Isuppose,withProf.Aufrecht,\nthatthehole orspaceoithechariotand cartrepresents the openingbetween’\nthe fourwheels theholeof the yoke seems to me to mean the opening\n;\nthroughwhich theanimal’sheadpassed, correspondingto Homer’s Xrj,\n—\nII. 19. 406.’ Cowell.\nForthelegendfrom theSAty&yanaBr&hmana,founded on the hints con-\ntainedin this hymnandrepeated by S&yana'in his Commentary, see also\nWilson’s Translation, Vol. V.\nProf. Aufrechthaspublished the text and commentary of this hymn in\nIndkcheStndien, IY. p. 1 sqq. SeeM.Muller’s Kig-veda Sambit& 3 YoL IIL,\n2nd edition, p. 33 sqq.\n3 The Dancer activeinbattle, dancerof thewar dance. Near;abhijnti\nor, up toourknees.\n4 Sudalcsha’sdraught offeredbyaBishiofthatname.\n7 Accordingto S&yanathis stanzais addressedbythe Yajamdna or saerh\nficertothe Stotarorpraisingpriest,and he giv—esan imperativesense to the\nindicative,thou speedestdown\n:\n*Bringhither/ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 880,
            "content": ":: : : ;: :\n238 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII,\n10 Even thence, 0 Indra, come: tp us with food that gives a\nhundred powers,\nWith food that gives a thousand powers.\n11 We sought the wisdom of the wise. Sakra, Kine-giver,\nThunder-armed\n!\nMay we with steeds o’ercome in fight.\n12 We make thee,Satakratu,find enjoymentin thesongs wesing,\nLike cattlein the pasture lands.\n13 For, Satakratu, Thunder-armed, all that we craved, as men\nare wont, •\nAll that we hoped, have we attained.\n14 Those, Son of Strength, are come to thee who cherish wishes\nin their hearts\n0 Indra, none excelleth thee.\n15 So, Hero, guard us with thy care, with thy most liberal\nprovidence,\nSpeedy, and terribleto foes.\n16 0 Satakratu Indra, now rejoice with that carouse of thine\nWhich is most splendid of them all\n17 Even, Indra, that carouse which slays the Yritras heat, most\nwidely famed,\nBestgiver ofthy power and migh£.\n18 For that which is thy gift we know, true Soma-drinker,\nThunder-armed,\nMjghty One, amid all the folk.\n19 For Indra, Lover of Carouse, loud be our songs about the\njuice\n:\nLet poets sing the song of praise.\n20 We summon Indra to the draught, in whom all glories rest,\nin whom\nThe seven communities rejoice.\n21 At the Trikadrukas the Gods span sacrifice that stirs the\nmind\nLet our songs aid and prosper it.\n10 Eventhence: fromwherethou art fromheaven.\n;\nthe11 cowO -f stat lh le wi ‘s ce l: eaI ven rdr oa f. moN ui nn te a- ig niv se /r—: Wg io ld sa or ne\n.\nper —haps, ‘burster open of\n12 Like cattle: as thecowherdrefresheshiscattle. S&yana.\nIS Thygift thewealthwhichthougivest. Amidallthefolk amongall\ntheworshipperswho offertheeSoma.—S&yana. '\n182 ;0 •tS he eve sn evc eo nmm au sn si ot cii ae ts e: ds pc rv ip et sd tss /a—ns Wd id la sh on,probably= all the folk, in stanza\n21 Atthe Trikadrukas: seeVlII. 13. 18, andnote."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 881,
            "content": ":: : :: : : :\nBXMN\n§2.] T-E[JS Rl^VEpA.\n2j2. Let tlie drops pass within thee as,the rivers,flawinto the sea,:\nO Indra, naught excelleth thee.\n23 Thou, wakeful Hero, by thy might hast taken food of Soma\njuice,\nWhich, Iudra, is within thee how.\n24 0 Indra, Vritra-slayer, let Sotna be ready for thy maw.\nt The drops be ready for thy forms.\n25 Now Smtakaksha sings his song thatcattleandthe steed may\ncome,\nThat Iudra’s very self may come.\n26 Here, Indra, thou art ready by our Somajuices shed for thee,\nSakra, at hand that thou mayst give. *\n27 Even from far away our songs reach thee, 0 Caster of the\nStone\n:\nMay we come very close to thee.\n2,8 For so thou art the hero’s Friend, a Hero, too, art thou, and\nstrong\nSo may thine heart he won to us.\n29 So hath the offering, wealthiest Lord, been paid by aJI th^\nworshippers\nSo dwell thou, Indra, even with me.\n30 Be not thou like a slothful priest, 0 Lord ofspoilandwealth\n:\nrejoice\nIn the pressed Soma bletft with milk.\n31 O Iudra, let not ill designssurround usin thesunbeanis’light\nThis may we gain with thee for Friend.\n32 With thee to help us, Iudra, let us answer all our enemies\nFor thou art ours and we are thine,\n33 Indra,thepoets^iudthyfriends,faithfultothee,shallloudlysing\nThy praises as they follow thee,\nHYMN LXXXII. Iudra,\nSurya, thou mountest up to meet the Hero famous for his\nwealth,\nWho hurls the bolt aud works for man:\n2 Him who with might of both his arms brake nine-aud-ninety\ncastles down,\nSlew Vritra and smoteAhi dead.\n—\n24 Thyforms thyvariousbodiesorsplendours. -S&yana.\n25 Sratdkaksha the Rishiof thehymn,\n30 Priest: brahmti Brahmanorpr—ayingpriest.\n31 Inthesunbeams' light; as Indra stands in the closest relationship to\nthe Sun.\n2 Nine-and-ninety castles cloud-castles of the demonSambara."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 882,
            "content": ": : ' :\n240 TEEEYMNB OF [BOOK VI1T.\n3 This Indra is our gracious Friend., He sends us in a full\nbroadstream\nRiches in horses, kine, and corn.\n.\n4 Whatever, Vritra-slayer thou, Siirya, hast risenuponto-day,\n!\nThat, Indra, all is in thy power.\n5 When, Mighty One, Lord of the brave, thou tliinkest thus,\nI shallnot die,\nThat thought of thine is true indeed.\n6 Thou, Indra, goest unto all Soma libations shed for thee,\nBoth far away and near at hand.\n7\nWemaketipsIndraverystrongtostrikethemightyVrifcradead;\nA vigorous Hero shall he be.\n8 Indra was made forgiving, set, most mighty, o’er the joyous\ndraught,\nBright, meetfor Soma, famed in song.\n9 By song as ’twere, the powerful bolt which none may parry\nwas prepared\nLofty, invincible he grew.\n.\n10 Indra,Song-lover,lauded,makeeveninthewildsfairwaysforus,\nWhenever, Maghavan, thou wilt.\n11 Thou whose commandment and behestof sovran sway none\ndisregards,\nNeither audacious man nor God.\n#\n12 Andboth these Goddesses, Earth, Heaven, Lord of the beau\n:\nteous helm revere\nThy might whi! ch no one may resist.\n13 Thouin the black cows and the red.andinthecowswith spot-\nted skin\nThis white milk hast deposited. r\n14 When in their terrorall the Gods shrank from the Dragon’s\nfurious might,\nFear of the monster fell on them.\n15 Then he was my Defender, then, Invincible, whose foe is not,\nThe Vritra-slayer showed his might.\n16 Him your best Vritra-slayer, Mm the famous Champion of\nmankind\nI urge to great munificence,\n—\n8 Wasmade: wascreated by-Praj&pati. S&yana. —\n12 Lordof thebeauteoushelm: or, ‘deityof thehandsomejaw.’ Wilson.\n13 Inthe blackcows: cf I. 62. 9.\n14 The Dragon'sfuriousmight thefierce attack of the demon Ahi. Of\nthemonster or, of thewildbeast,Ahi.\n16Champion:1joiuprdtomvdharn,assuggestedintheSt.PetersburgLexicon."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 883,
            "content": ": :: ::\nHYMN 82] THE MOVE DA. 241\n17 Tocome, Much-lauded\n!\nMany-named! withthissamethought\nthat longs for milk,\nWhene’er the Soma jnice is shed.\n18 Much-honoured bylibations,maytheYritra-slayerwakeforus\nMay Sakra listen to our prayers. ;\n19 0 Hero, with what aid dost thou delight us, with what suc-\ncour bring\nRiches to those who worship thee?\n20 With whose libation joys the Strong, the Hero with his team\nwho quells\nThe foe, to drink the Soma juice? *\n21 Rejoicing in thy spirit bring thousandfold opulence to us\n:\nEnrich thy votary with gifts,\n22 These juices with their wedded wives flow to enjoyment lov-\ningly\n:\nTo waters speeds the restless one.\n23 Presented strengthening gifts have sent Iudra away at sacri-\nfice,\nWith might, unto the cleansing bath.\n24 These two who share his feast, RaySteeds withgolden manes,\nshall bring him to %\nThe banquet that is laid for him.\n25 For thee, 0 Lord of Light, are shed these Soma-drops, and\ngrass is strewn :\nBring Iudra to his worshippers.\n26 May Iudra give thee skill and lights of heaven, wealth to his\nvotary\nAnd priests whg praise him laud ye him.\n:\n27 0 Satakratu, wondrous strength and all our lauds I bring to\nthee\nBe gracious to thy worshippers.\n17 To come that is, thatthou, Indra, mayst come. This abrupt change\nof personisnotuucommonintheYeda.\n22 Theweddedzoives of the Somajuices are said to be the two waters\ncalledvasallvavijah andehadhandh used in theSoma ceremonies. To enjoy~\nmerit to bedrunkbyIndra. I'ow, atersspeeds therestlessone; or,withGrass-\nmann, £The loverofthe watersspeeds.’ Theexactmeaningof nichumpundh\nis uncertain, Yaskaderivingitfromc/mm, toeat,andMahidharafrom chup,\nto creep or move slowly. Themeaningof thesentenceis, according tothe\nScholiast, that, atthetimeof theconcludingpurificatory ceremony which is\ntoatoneforerrorsand omissions in the principalsacrifice, the staleSoma is\nthrown into the waters. See Cowell’s note in Wilson’*Translation.\n23 Thecleansingbath theavabhritha here, apparently, the bathorvessel\nin which theSomaplants wererinsed an,dpurified.\n16"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 884,
            "content": "—\n:; ! ;\n242 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIII\n28 Bringtousallthingsexcellent, 0Satakratu,foodandstrength;\nFor, Indra, thou art kind to us.\n29 0 Satakratu, bringto us all blessings, all felicity :\nFor, Indra, thou art kind to us.\n30 Bearing the Somajuice we call, best Vritra-slayer, unto thee ;\nFor, Indra, thou art kind to us.\n31 Come, Lord of rapturousjoys, to our libation with thy Bay\nSteeds, come\nTo our libation with thy Steeds.\n32 Known as best Vritra-slayer erst, as Indra Satakratu, come\nWith BayBteeds to thejuice we shed.\n33 0 Vritra-slayer, thou art he who drinks these drops of Soma :\ncome\nWith Bay Steeds to thejuice we shed.\n34 May Indra give, to aid us, wealthhandythat rules the Skilful\nOnes\n:\nYea, may the Strong give potent wealth,\nHYMN LXXXIII. Marat*.\nThe Cow, the famous Mother of the wealthy Maruts, pours\nher milk\n;\n' Both horses of the cars are yoked,\n2 She in whose bosom all the Gods, and Sun and Moon for men\nto see,\nMaintain their everlasting Laws.\n3 This all the pious sing to us, and sacred poets evermore\nThe Maruts to the Soma-draught\n4 Here is the Soma ready pressed : of this the Maruts drink, of\nthis\nSelf-luminous the Asvins drink.\n34 Handy: ribkum . That rules the Skilful Ores: ribhukshmam. The\nStrong; vdjt Thesewordsareusedasplaysuponthe names of tile Ribhus,\noras Grassmannsays, theversemayhavebeen taken froma hymn addressed\ntotheRibhus. ‘May Indrabring tous the bounteous Ribliu Ribliukshana\nt (o Vap ja ar )t /a—ke Wiof lso ou nr .sac Cr oi wfi ec li lal rv ei ma an rd ks s; :m ‘a Ry ibl hie u, kt wh he avm aig wh at sy t/ hebr ei ln dg estthe anm dig Vh tft jy\na\nthe youngestof thethree brothers. TheRibhushavea shareintheevening\nlibationbetween Prajftpati,and Savitri, see Ait. Bra'hm. iii. 80. This verse\nisaddressedtothe Ribhusintheeveninglibation on the ninth day of the\nBwddasahaceremony (ib.v. 21).’\n1 The Cow Prism.\n2 Inwhosebosom: 'inwhosepresence.’— Wilson.\nTheMaruts are tobeinvoked,understood."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 885,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 84.1 THE RIOVEDA. 248\n5 Of this, moreover, purified, set in three places, procre&nt,\nDrink Yaruna, Mitra, Aryaman,\n6 And Indra, like the Herald Priest, desirous ofthe milkyjuice,\nAt early morn will quaff thereof.\n7 When have the Princes gleamed and shone through waters as\nthrough troops of foes?\nWhen hasten they whose might is pure?\n8 What favour do I claim this day of you great Deities, you\nwho are\nWondrously splendid in yourselves?\n9 I call, to drink the Soma, those Maruts who spread all realms\nof earth\nAnd luminous regions of the sky.\n10 You, even such, pure in your might, you, 0 ye Maruts, I in-\nvoke\nFrom heaven to drink this Somajuice.\n11 The Maruts, those who have sustained and propped the\nheavens and earth apart,\nI call to drink this Somajuice,\n12 That vigorous baudof Maruts that abidethinthe mountains, I\nInvoke to drinkthis Somajuice.\nHYMN LXXXIV. Indra.\nSong-lovek like a charioteer come songs to thee when Soma\n!\nflows.\n0 Indra, they have called to thee as mother-kine unto their\ncalves.\n2 Brightjuices hitherward have sped thee, Indra, Lover of the\nSong.\nDrink,Indra, ofthisflowingsap\n:\nineveryhouse'tissetforthee.\n3 Drink Soma to inspirit thee, juice, Indra, which the Falcon\nbrought\nFor thou art King and Sovran Lord ofall the families ofmen.\n4 0 Indra, hear Tirnsohfs call, thecallofhim who serveth thee.\nSatisfy him with wealth of kine and valiant offspring : Great\nart thou.\nat5 hiS re dt ti rn outh gr hee orpla vc ee ss se: lfi cr as lt, lei dna PUt tr ao bhu rg ih t;\n.\nth Pe rn ocri en aa ntstra gi rn ai nn tg i-c nl got ph r; ogt eh ne yn ti on\ntheworshipper.\n6 TheHeraldPriest Agni.\n1 Likea charioteer straightandswifttotheirobject.\n8 WhichtheFalcon brought: see I. 80. 2, and 93. 6."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 886,
            "content": "; :: :\n244 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK P71L\n5 For he, 0 Indra, hath produced for thee the newest gladden-\ning song,\nAhymnthat springs from careful thought, ancient, and full\nof sacred truth.\n6 That Iudra will we laud whomsongsandhymns ofpraise have\nmagnified.\nStriving to win, we celebrate his many deeds of hero might.\n7 Come now and let usglorifypure IndrawithpureSamahymn.\nLet the pure milky draught delight himstrengthened by pure\nsongs of praise.\n8 0 Iudra, oome thou pureto us, with pureassistance, pure thy-\nself.\nPure, send thou riches down to us, and, meet for Soma, pure,\nbe glad.\nD 0 Indra, pure, vouchsafe us wealth, and, pure, enrich the\nworshipper.\nPure, thou dost strike the Vritras dead, and strivest, pure,\nto win the spoil.\nHYMN LXXXV.\nIndra.\nFoe him the Mornings made their courses longer, and Nights\nwith pleasant voices spake to Indra.\nFor him the Floods stood still, the Seven Mothers, Streams\noasy for the heroes to pass over.\n2 The Darter penetrated, though in trouble, thrice-seven close-\npressed ridges of the mountains.\nNeithermightGodnormortalmanaccomplishwhattheStrong\nHero wrought in full-grown vigour.\n3 The mightiest force isIndra’s boltofironwhen firmlygrasped\nin both the armsof Indra,\nHis head and mouth have powers that pass all others, and all\nhispeople hasten near to listen.\n5 Nowest ancient: recent in form and expression, but ancient in\nsubstance. See Muir, 0. S> Texts, III. 238, 239.\n7 PureTnclrawithpureSttmnhymns accordingtoS&yana, *Iudra,purified\nwithpureSftma-hyinns,’ fromthe pollution he had incurred by killing the\nBr&hmanVritra. SeeWilson’s Translation, note.\n1 Theheroes perhapsTurvasaandYadu—Ludwig.\nhad2 nT oh ne eD ta ort ae ir dhio mf .t Whe hat thu tn hd ee tr hb ro il ct e-; seI vu ed nra ’. Thornjh 7in\"tr <eo sub ol fe t: heb me oc ua nu ts ae ih ne\ns\na br ae t, tli es ou fnc te hr eta Si un nwS ie te hW ti hl eso dn e’s moT nr san os fla wt ii no tn e. rmay.\nbemeant.\nthinks that the\n3 To listen tothecommandswhichissuefromhis mouth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 887,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nItYMN 85.] THE RIGVEDA. 245\n4 I count thee as the Holiest of the Holy, the eastei’-down of\nwhat hath ne’er been shaken.\nI count thee as the Banner of the heroes, I count thee as the\nChief of all men living.\n5 What time, 0 Indra, in thine arms thou tookest thy wildly\nrushing bolt to slay the Dragon,\nThe mountains roared, the cattle loudly bellowed, the Brah-\nmans with their hymns drew nigh to Indra.\n6 Let us praise him who made these worlds and creatures, all\nthings that after him sprang into being.\nMaywewin Mitra with our songs, and Indra, and wait upon\nour Lord with adoration. *\n7 Flyinginterror from thesnort of Vritra, all Deities who were\nthy friends forsook thee.\nSo, Indra, be thy friendship with the Maruts : in all these\nbattles thou shalt be the victor.\n8 Thrice-sixty Maruts, waxing strong, were with thee, like piles\nof beaming light, worthy of worship.\nWe come6to thee grant us a happy portion. Let us adore\n:\nthy might with this oblation.\n9 A sharpenedweapon isthehostof Maruts. Who, Indra, dares\nwithstand thy bolt of'thunder'?\nWeaponless are the Asuras, the godless scatter them with\n:\nthy wheel, Impetuous Hero.\n10 To him the Strong and Mighty, most auspicious, send up the\nbeauteous hymn for sake of cattle.\nLay on his body many songs forIndra invoked with song, for\nwill not he regard them %\n11 To him, the Mighty, who accepts laudation, send forth thy\nthought as by a boat o’er rivers,\nStir with thy hymn the body of the Famous and Dearest One,\nfor wTill not he regard it?\n12 Serve him with gifts of thine vrhichIndrawelcomes praise\nwith fair praise, invite him with thine homage. :\n5 Wildlyrushing this is M. Muller’s translation of madaehyiUam. It\nmight berenderedalso ‘spedin thy rapturousjoy.’ 4Itauschbeschleuuigten.’\nLudwig. The Dragon Ahi.\n7 WiththeMaruts as theyalonestoodbyhimintheconflict.\n8 Thrice-sixty ; orsixty-three, according to S&yana,ninecompaniesconsist-\ningofseveneacln See Cowell’snote inWilso—n’s Translation. Like piles of\n—be Qa rm ai sn sg ml ai ng nh .t; Ihl ai vke ec fo olw ls owg ea dth Le ur de wd igt .ogether.’ Wilson\nj\n‘likemorningstars.’\n0 Withthywheel ; ordiscus,asharp-edgedquoitusedasaweapon o wTar,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 888,
            "content": ": : ;\n246 TIIF HYMNS OF IBOOK YtlL\nDraw near, 0 singer, and refrain from outcry. Makethyvoice\nheard, for will not he regard it?\n13 The Black Drop sank in Ansumatfs bosom, advancing With\nten thousand round about it.\nIndra with might longed for it as it panted : the hero-hearted\nlaid aside his weapons.\n14 I saw the Drop in the far distance moving, on the slope bank\nof Ansumatfs river,\nLike a black cloud that sank into the water. Heroes, I send\nyou forth. Go, fight in battle.\n15 And then the Drop in Ansumatfs bosom, splendid with light,\nassumed its proper body\nAnd Indra, withBdhaspati t; o aid him, conquered the godless\ntribes that came against him.\n16 Then, at thy birth, thou wast the foeman, Indra, of those the\nseven who ne'er had met a rival.\nTho hidden Pair, the Heaven and Earth, thou foundest, and\nto the mighty worlds thou gavest pleasure.\n17 So, Thunder-armed thou with thy bolt of thunder didst\n!\nboldly smite that powerwhich none might equal\nWith weapons broughtestlowthe phghtofSushna, and,Indra,\nfoundest bythy strength the cattle.\n18 Then wast thou, Chieftain of all living mortals, the very\nmighty slayer of the Vritras.\nThen didst thou set the obstructed rivers flowing, and win\nthe floods that were enthralled by Dasas.\nID Most wise is he, rejoicingin libations, splendid as day, resist-\nless in his anger.\nHe only doth great deeds, the only Hero, sole Vritra-slayer\nhe, with none beside him.\ngri1 e2 veD nr oa tw (fn oe ra pr o, v0 erts yi )n .g ’e—r , Wa in ld sor ne .frainfromautery; (0 priest,adorntliyself\n1Z IkeBlackDrop thedarkened Moon. Ansumati amystical river q£\npp ct ar oh o n ne b t qaa e ui b edr l ryi i,n nwt gd ho ie tlw m heh o ei n s dc tsh eri mot vf oih nndo sgaM r a ako g nno a de in s n rs sd eti s;p tits oth s rt e io a nsn gr sue a tmc i he lo earv nae dtr l s as .i rt ks a erv L nea a ewn i di i ds t Mh h a oe o s od u i ndtl e .i agh hst iu. sbs wtT eae n atn pi ot v nh e s.ou ;s aAa fn s td ei r: t\n14 IndraaddressestheMaru—ts.\nS&yanaexplainsstanzas 13 >15 differently, in accordance with a legend\nwhichwasprobablysuggested bythis passage. He takes drapsdh krishndh,\nblackdrop, tomean ‘theswiftmoving Krishnah,’ an Asura or demon who\nwith tenthousandof hiskindhadoccupied thebanksof thoriverAusumatt,\nwhich, hesays,isthe YamunaorJumna, and was there defeated by*Indra,\nBrihaspati, and theMaruts. See Cowell’snoteinWilson’sTranslation.\nIt) Iheseven; Krishna, Yritra,Namnchi, Sambara,and others.—SAyana."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 889,
            "content": "—\n: ; :: ; ;\nHYMN 86.] THE nm VEDA. 247\n20 Indra is Vritra’s slayer, mail’s sustainer : he must be called\nwith fair praise let us call him.\nMaghavan is our Helper, our Protector, giver of spoil and\nwealth to make us famous.\n21 This Indra, Vritra-slayer, this Eibhukshan. even at his birth,\nwas meet for invocation.\nDoer of many deeds for man’s advantage, like Soma quaffed,\nfor friends we must invoke him.\nHYMN LXXXVL\nIndra;\nO Indka, Lord of Light, what joys thou broughtest from the\nAsuras, *\nProsper therewith, 0 Maghavan, him who lauds that deed,\nand those whose grass is trimmed for thee.\n2 The unwasting share of steeds and kine which, Indra, thou\nhast fast secured,\nGrant to the worshipper who presses Soma and gives guerdon,\nnot unto the churl.\n3 The riteless, godless man who sleeps, 0 Indra, his unbroken\nsleep,\nMay he by following his own devices die. Hide from him\nwealth that nourishes.\n4 Whether, 0 Sakra, thou*be far, or, Vritra-slayer, nearathand,\nThence by heaven-reaching songs ho who hath pressed tho\njuice invites thee with thy long-maned Steeds.\n5 Whether thou art in heaven’s bright sphere, or in thebasinof\nthe sea\nWhether, chief Vritra-slayer, in some place on earth, orinthe\nfirmament, approach.\n6 Thou Soma-drinker, Lord of Strength, beside our flowing\nSomajuice\nDelight us with thybountyrichinpleasantness, 0 Indra, with\nabundant wealth.\n7 0 Indra, turn us not away : be the companion of our feast.\nFor thou art our protection, yea, thou art our kin 0 Indra,\n:\nturn us not away.\n8 Sitdownwithus,0Indra,sitbesidethejuicetodrinkthemeath.\nShow forth great favourtothesinger, Maghavan Indra, with\n;\nus, beside the juice.\n21 Ribhulcshan or,Lord of Ribhus.\n—\n1 Joys riches. Sfiyana. FromtheAsuras fromthepowerfulR&kshasas.\n2 Givesguerdon liberallyrewardsthepriests."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 890,
            "content": ":\n9\n248 THE BYMtfS OF [BOOK FTtt\n0 Caster of the Stone, nor Gods nor mortals liave attained to\nthee.\nThou in thy might surpassest all that hath been made ; the\nGods have not attained to thee.\n10 Of one accord they made and formed for kingship Indra, the\nEero who in all encounters overcomcth,\nMost eminent for power, destroyer in the conflict, fierce and\nexceeding strong, stalwart and full of vigour.\n11 Bards joined in song to Indra so that he might drink the\nSoma juice,\nThe Lord of Light, that he whose laws stand fast might aid\nwith power and with the help he gives.\n12 The holy sages form a ring, looking and singing to the Bam.\nInciters, full of vigour, not to bedeceived, ai’Cwiththe chant-\ners, nigh to hear.\n13 Loudly 1call that Indra,MaghavantheMighty, who evermore\npossesses power, ever resistless.\nHoly, most liberal, may he lead uson toriches,and, Thundor-\narmed, make all ourpathways pleasant for us.\n14 Thou knowest well, 0 Sakra, thou Most Potent, with thy\nstrength, Indra, to destroy these castles.\nBefore thee, Thunder-armed ! allbeingstremble : the heavens\nand earth before thee shake with terror.\n15 May thy truth, Indra, Wondrous Hero! be my guard bear\n:\nme o’er much woe, Thunderer as over floods.\n!\nWhen, Indra, wilt thou honour us with opulence, all-nourish-\ning and much-to-be-desired, 0 King ?\nHYMN LXXXVIL\nindra.\nTo Indra sing a Sama hymn, a lofty song tb Lofty Sage,\nTo him who guards the Law, inspired, and fain for praise.\n2 Thou, Indra, art the Conqueror: thou gavest splendour to\ntho Sun.\nMaker of all things, thou art Mighty and All-God.\n3 Hadiaut with light thou wentest to the sky, the luminous\nrealm of heaven/\nThe Deities, Indra, strove to win thee for their Friend.\n4 Gome unto ns, 0 Indra, dear, still conquering, nnconcealable,\nVast as a mountain spread on all sides, Lord of Heaven.\n12 TheEarn: Trulra. SeeI.5L 1, and VIII. 2. 40. Inciters: apparently,\ntheGods themselves,\n—\n2\n4\nA Vl al c- oG nco ed a: lav bi ls crad ac svit th he: S1 ut nh -e Gl oo dr .d of allthegods/ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 891,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN 88.] THE RIGVEDA. 249\n§ 0 truthful Soma-drinker, thou art mightier than both thd\nworlds.\nThou strengthenesfc him who pours libation, Lord of Heaven.\n6 For thou art he, 0 Indra, who stormeth all castles of the foe?\nSlayer of Dasyus, man’s Supporter, Lord of Heaven.\n7 Now have we, Indra, Friend of Song, sent our great wishes\nforth to thee,\nComing like floods that follow floods.\n8 Asriversswelltheocean,so,Hero,ourprayersincreasethymight.\nThough of th}rself, 0 Thunderer, waxing day by day.\n9 With holy songtheybind tothe broadwide-yobedcar the Bay\nSteeds of the rapid God,\n\"Bearers of Indra, yoked by word.\n10 0 Indra, bring great strength to us, bring valour, Satakratu,\nthou most active, bring\nA hero conquering in war.\n11 For, gracious Satakratu, thou hast ever been a Mother aud a\nSire to us,\nSo now for bliss we pray to thee.\n12 Tothee,Strong,Much-invoked, whoshowestforththystrength,\n0 Satakratu, do I spq$k\n:\nSo grant thou us heroic strength.\nHYMN\nLXXXVIII. Indra.\nO Thunderer, zealous worshippers gave thee drink this time\nyesterday.\nSo, Indra, listen here to those whobring the laud : come near\nunto our dwelling-place.\n2 Lord of Bay Steeds, fair-helmed, rejoice thee : this we crave.\nHere the disposers wait on thee.\nThy loftiest glories claim our lauds beside thejuice, 0 Indra,\nLover of the Song.\n3 Turning, as ’twere, to meet the Sun,enjoy from Indra all good\nthings.\nWhen he who will be born is born withpower we look to trea-\nsures as our heritage.\n7 doming likefloods in crowds, Butthehalf-line is —very obscure. ‘As\nmen goingby water (splashtheirfriends) withhandfuls.’ Wilson.\n—\n10 A hero: an heroic son.\n2 Disposers: thepriests whoorderreligious ceremonies.\n3 This stanza is difficult and obscure. Mahtdhara’s explanation is: ‘The\ngathering (rays) proceeding to the sun distribute all Indra’s treasures (to\nl ti rv ei an sg urb ee sin ag ss, ansc. ina hs err ia ti an, ncc eor tn o, he it mc.) wh;oma hay sw be eet noo orby wilo lur bep bo ow rne .r\n’\nSl eea ev Ce otvt 'h co ITs se\n;\nnote in Wilson’s Translation,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 892,
            "content": "; :\nS50 TUB HYMNS OF [BOOK VI1L\n4 Praise him who sends us wealth, whose bounties injure none\ni\ngood are the gifts which Indra grants.\nHe is not wroth with one who satisfies his wish : he turns his\nmind to giving boons.\n5 Thou in thy battles, Indra, art subduer of all hostile bands.\nFather art thou, all-conquering, cancelling the curse, thou\nvictor of the vanquisher.\n6 The Earth and Heaven clung close to thy victorious might, as\nto their calf two mother-cows.\nWheu thou attaches! Vritra all the hostile bands shrink and\nfaint, luc^ra, at thy wrath.\n7 Bring to your aid the Eternal One, who shoots and noue may\nshoot at him,\nInciter, swift, victorious, best of Charioteers, Tugrya’s unvan-\nquished Strengthener\n8 Arrauger of things unaiTauged, e’en Satakratu, source of\nmight,\nIndra, the Friend of all, for succour we invoke, Guardian of\ntreasure, sending wealth\nHYMN LXXXIX.\nIndra. V4Ic»\nI move before thee herepresent iifperson, and all the Deities\nfollow behind me.\nWhen, Indra, thou securest me my portion, with me thou\nshalt perform heroic actions.\n2 The food of meath in foremost place I give thee, thy Soma\nshall be pressed, thy share appointed.\nThou on myright shnlt be my friend and comrade then\n:\nshall we two smite dead full many a foeman.\n3 Striving for strength bring forth a laud to Indra, a truthful\nhymn if he in truth existeth.\nOne and another say, There is no Indra. Who hath beheld\nhim ? Whom then shall we honour ?\n§ Astotheircalf: orthetranslationmayhe, assireand mother to their\nchild.\n7 TugryaisBhujyu, thesonof Tugra. SeeVol. I., Index.\nS Arrangerofthing—sunarranged ‘theeonseeratorof others but himself\nconsecratedbynone.’ Wilson.\n1 ThisstanzaisspokenbyAgni.\n2 Indraanswers.\nSft3 yanA ad ,dr N —e es mse ad isto tht ehe np ar mie est os f. thO en Re isa hn id . a ‘no Ht eh mer a: san y6 sm ,a “; veb riu lt ya tc hc eo rr edin isg nt oo\nIndra..”* Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 893,
            "content": ": : ::\nHYMN 89.] THE 2UGVLDA. 251\n4 Here am I, look uponme here, 0 singer. All that existeth I\nsurpass ingreatness.\nThe Holy Law's commandments make me mighty. Bending\nwith strength I rend the worlds asunder.\n5 When the Law’s lovers mounted and approached me as I sate\nlone upon the dear sky’s summit,\nThen spake my spirit tothe heart withinme, My friends have\ncried unto me with their children.\n6 All these thy deeds musthedeclared at Soma-feasts, wrought,\nIndra, Bounteous Lord, for him who sheds the juice,\nWhen thou didst open wealth heaped up by ^aany, brought\nfrom far away to Sarabba, the Eishi’s kin.\n7 Now run ye forth your several ways : he is not here whokept\nyou back.\nFor hath not Indra sunk his bolt deep down in Vritra’s vital\n10 part?\n8 On-rushing with the speed of thought within the iron fort he\npressed\n:\nThe E'alcon went to heaven and brought the Soma to the\nThunderer.\n9 Deep in the ocean lies th£ bolt with waters compassed round\nabout,\nAnd in continuous onwardflow the floods their tribute bring\nto it.\nWhen, uttering words which 'no one comprehended, V&k,\nQueen of Gods, the Gladdener, was seated,\nThe heaven’s four regions drew forth drink and vigour : now\nwhither hathkher noblest portion vanished'?\n4 Indraspeaksthis andthefollowingstanza.\n5 TheLaw's lovers: thepriestswhoinsacrificeascendtoIndra. According\nt <o wiH ti hll to hb er ia rn cd ht il(F d. reM ny /th bo ul toy *i we i, thI. t8 h5 e4) I, nft ah ne tM (a Sr ou mt as )/; sUumantah meaning not\n6 The priestaddressesIndra. Sarabha aRislii of that name.—S&yana.\nTheoriginalhymnappeal's to end with thisstanza.\n7 Addressedtothe waters of heavenafterIndra’sbattlewith Yritra.\n8 He: theFalcon. Theironfort: thestrongholdor cloud in which the\nSomaorambrosialrain wasimprisoned. Cf.IY. 27. 2.\n9 la theocean: asproducednaturallyintheseaof air.\n10 This andthefollowingstanzahave no apparent connexion with what\nprecedes. Ydk orV&ch, vox, voice, or Speech personified. Her unintel-\nligible wordsarethethunder. Her noblestportion accordingto S&yana, the\nrain which follows thunder. Orthe thunderitself may be intended. See\nCowell’snote inWilson’sTranslation. Was seated at the sacrifice offered\ntoher."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 894,
            "content": ";\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [HOOK VIII,\n1.1 The Deities generated V&k the Goddess, and animals of every\nfigure speak her.\nMay she, the Glacldener, yielding food and vigour, the Milch-\ncow Yak, approach us meetly lauded.\n12 Step forth with wider stride, mycomradeVishnu; make room,\nByaus, for the leaping of the lightning.\nLet us slay Vritra, let usfreetherivers: let them flow loosed\nat the command of Indra.\nHYMN\nXG. Various.\nYea, specially that mortal man hath toiled for service of the\nGods,\nWho quickly hath brought near Mitra and Yaruna to share\nhis sacrificial gifts.\n2 Supreme in sovran powei', far-sighted, Chiefs and Kings, most\nswift to hear from far away,\nBoth, wondrously, set them in motion as with arms, in com-\npany with Surya’s beams.\n3 The rapid messenger who runs before you, Mitra-Varur*a, with\niron head, swift to the draught,\n4 He whom no man may question—,none maysummon back, who\n°\nstands not still for colloquy,\nFrom hostile clash with him keep ye us safe this day; keep\nus insafety with your arms.\n5 To Aryaman and*Mitra sing a reverent song, 0 pious one,\nA pleasant hymn that shall protect to Varuna sing forth a\n:\nlaud unto theKings.\n6 The true, Bed Treasure they have sent, one only Son bom of\nthe Three.\nThey, the Immortal Ones, never deceived, survey the families\nof mortal men.\n7 My songs are lifted up, aud acts most splendid are to be per-\nformed.\nCome hither, ye Nasatyas, with accordant mind, to meet and\nto enjoy my gifts.\n11 Speakher articulately-speakingmenaudloweranimalsallderivetheir\nvoicesfromher.\n12 Thisstanza,whichisoutof placehere,isspokenby Indra when he is\nabouttoattackVritra. SeeIV. 18. 11.\n3 Therapidmessenger: thelightning, asoneof theformsof Agni.\n6 Thetrue,liedTreasure: theSun. TheThree: heaven,mid-air,andearth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 895,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN 90.] THE El0VEDA. 253\n8 Lords of great wealth, when we invoke your bounty which no\ndemon checks,\nBothofyou,furtheringoureastward-offeredpraise, come, Chiefs\nwhom Jamadagni lauds\n!\n9 Come, V&yu, drawn by fairhymns, to oursacrificethatreaches\nheaven.\nPoured on the middle of the straining-cloth, and cooked, this\nbright drink hath been offered thee.\n10 He comes by straightest paths, as ministering Priest, to taste\nthe sacrificial gifts.\nThen, Lord of harnessedteams drinkofthe twofolddraught,\n!\nbright Soma mingled with the milk.\n11 Verily, Surya, thou art great; truly, Aditya, thou art great.\nAsthouartgreatindeed, thygreatnessisadmired yea, verily,\nthou, God, art great. :\n12 Yea, Surya, thou art great in fame thou evermore, O God,\n:\nart great.\nThou by thy greatness art the Gods' High Priest, divine, far-\nspread unconquerable light.\n13 She yonder, bending lowly down, clothedin red hues and rich\nin rays, *\nIs seen, advancing as it were with various tints, amid the ten\nsurrounding arms.\n14 Past and gone are three mortal generations the fourth and\n:\nlast into the Sun hath entered.\nHe mid the worlds his lofty place hath taken. Into green\nplants is gone the Purifying.\n15 The Rudras' Mother, Daughterof theYasus, centre of nectar,\nthe Adityas' Sister\n—\nTo folk who understand will I proclaim it injure not Adit*,\nthe Cow, the sinless.\n13 She yonder: Ushaa or Dawn. The ten surrounding arms: the ton\nregions of theworld.\n14 Three mortalgenerations accordingtothe legend, Praj&pati produced\nin succession threekinds of creatureswho all died. The fom’th generation\nl W S fi i y&v l iye ns ad go n )na a’n as ed sT x Yr pe ia ln lanj i yso nl uy sae otd hi raot rn th l, he t eo al r hi fgh 1t :a .nd ” •w .: .a *r r‘mt **h .o \\f t aeh I ke I s e. k syS 5 ,. pun aa1. . n md m1— p dSe d n4e . v aa hIC n mo ttw d ooe ml g bl hr e' es t(e t hn hn ey eo l St c P oe m u mt r ai s i ,n -\nandharltah to be the horses of theSun. IhavefollowedLudwig’sinter-\npretation but I findthestanzaalmost unintelligible.\n;\n15 Centreof nectar: or, of amrxt, or immortality, or the world of the\nimmortalGods. The Cow; theearthly cow,asthe typeof Aditioruniversal\nHature, mustnotbe offended. Thestanzaisspokenby the priest who has\nreceived thecowashis reward."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 896,
            "content": ": ;\n254 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK V11L\n16-Weak-minded menhave as a cow adopted mewhocamehither\nfrom the Gods, a Goddess,\nWho, skilled in eloquence, her voice upliftefch, who standetk\nnear at hand with all devotions.\nHYMN XOL\nAgni.\nLord of the house, Sage, ever young, high power of life, O\nAgni, God,\nThou givest to thy worshipper.\n2 So with our song that prays and serves, attentive, Lord of\nspreading light,\nAgni, bring hitherward the Gods.\n3 For, Ever-Youthful One, withthee, bestFurtherer, asourally,\n%We overcome, to win the spoil.\n4 As Aurva Bhrigu used, as Apnav.ina used, I call the pure\nAgni who clothes him with the sea.\n5 I call the Sage who sounds like wind, the Might that like\nPar anya roars,\nj\nAgni who clothes him with the sea,\n6 AsSavitar’sproductivePower,ashimwhosendsdownbliss,Icall\nAgni who clothes him with the sqa.\n7 Hither,forpowerfulkinship,IcallAgni,himwhoprospersyou,\nMost frequent at our solemn rites\n8 That through this famed One's power, he may stand by us\neven as Tvashtar comes\nUnto the forms that must be shaped.\n9 This Agni is the Lord supreme aboveallgloriesmidtheGods\nMay he come nigh to us with strength. :\n10 Here praise ye him the most renowned of all the ministering\nPriests,\nAgni, the Chief at sacrifice\n;\n11 Piercing, with purifying flame, enkindled in our homes, most\nhigh,\nSwiftestto hear from far away.\n16 Weak-mindedmen: ‘Menaretoofeebleintheir intellecttocomprehend\nmein mytrueform an—d myrealnature\n:\ntheycan onlyunderstandmyworth\nin theshapeof acow.’ SeeLudwig,R. 7., IV. 245, 246.\nTheconcludingstanzaisspokenbyAdifciasacow.\n4 Aurva Bhrigu or, perhaps, Aurva and Bhrigu. The ancient Rishi\nAurvaissaidtohave been the grandson of Bhrigu. Apnavdna: another\nancient Rishi, mentioned in connexion with the Bhrigus and the earliest\nworship of Agni,inBook IV. 7. 1."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 897,
            "content": "— —\n:\nm\nHYMN 91.] TIIB RIGVELA.\n12 Sage, laud the Mighty One who wins the spoil of victory like\na steed,\nAnd, Mitra-like, unites the folk.\n13 Still turning to their aim in thee, the oblation-bearer's sister\nhymns\nHave come to thee beforethe wind.\n14 The waters find their place in him, for whom the threefold\nsacred grass\nIs spread unbound, unlimited.\n15 Thestation of the Bounteous Godhath, through hisaid which\nnone impair, °\nA\npleasant aspect likethe Sun.\n16 Blazing with splendour, Agni, God, through pious giftW &jpf\nsacredoil,\nBring thou the Gods and worship them.\n17 The Gods as mothers broughtthee forth, the Immortal Sage,\n0 Angiras,\nThe bearer of ourgifts to heaven.\n18 Wise Agni, Gods establishedthee, theSeer,noblestmessenger,\nAs bearer of our sacred gifts.\n19 No cow have I to call mine own, no axe at hand wherewith\nto work,\nYet what is here I bring to thee.\n20 0 Agni, whatsoever be the fuel that we lay for thee.\nBe pleased therewith. Most YouthfulGod.\n21 That which the white-ant eats away, that over which the\nemmet crawls\nMay all of this be oil to thee.\n22 When he enkindles Agni, man should with his heart attend\nthe song\n:\nI with the priests have kindled him.\n12 Sage: thepriestisaddressed.\n13 Before the wind: or, infront ofthe wind, with which theflame is\nfanned.\n14 *The watersrestin Agni, whoabidesas lightningin the firmament/\nNote inWilson’sTranslation which I havefollowedclosely inthisstanza.\n15 Or,a comma beingsubstitutedforthefull stopattheend ofthepreced-\ning stanza, andpattern (station) taken asin appositiontopaddm(place)in14 ;\n* ATh ple eas st aa nt tio an spo ef ctth le ikb eo tu hn ete So uu n.s ’:he hath, through hisaid whichnoneimpair,\n19 AsPrayoga, theKislii ofthehymn,hasnocowand no*axeto cut wood,\nAgniis aslcedinthisandthetwofollowingstanzastodispensewith thecustom-\nary offerings ofmilk, andtoacceptsuchwood asthe worshippercan pick up.\n22 With his heart adevout spirit will compensate thewantofmilkand\nproperly preparedfuel."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 898,
            "content": ": :\n255 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK VIIL\nHYMN\nXCII. Agni.\nThat noblest Fnrtherer bath appeared, to whom men bring\ntheir holy works.\nOur songs of praise have risen aloft to Agni who wras born to\ngive the Arya strength.\n2 Agni of Divod&sa turned, as ’twere in majesty, to the Gods.\nOnward he sped along the motherearth, and took his station\nin the height of heaven.\n3 Him before whom the people -shrink when he performs his\ngloriousAeeds,\nHim who wins thousands at the worship of the Gods, himself,\nthat Agni, serve with songs.\n4 The mortal manwhom thou wouldstlead to opulenco, 0 Vasu,\nhe who brings thee gifts.\nHe, Agni, wins himself a hero singing lauds, yea, one who feeds\nathousand men.\n5 He with the steed wins spoil even in the fencedfort, andgains\nimperishable fame.\nIn thee, 0 Lord of wealth, coutiuually we lay all precious\nofferings to the Gods.\n6 To him who dealeth out all wealth, who is the cheerful Priest\nof men,\nTo him, like the first vessels filledwith savoury juice, to Agni\ngo the songs of praise.\n7 Votaries, richly-gifted, deck him with their songs, even as the\nsteed who draws the car.\nOn both, Strong Lord of men onchild and grandson pour\n!\nthe bounties which our nobles give.\nS Sing forth to him, the Holy, most muuificcnt, sublime with,\nhis refulgentglow,\nTo Agni, ye Upastntas.\n9 Worshipped withgifts, enkindled, splendid, Maghavan shall\nwin himself heroic fame.\nAnd will not his most newlyshown benevolence come to us\nwith abundant strength?\n2 OfDhodfim whomDivod&sa especially worshipped andclaimed ashis\ntutelary God. The stanzais obscure, and my translation, founded on von\nbIt eot rh e’ gs ai rn dt ee drp ar set ca ot ni jo en cto uf rj ai lrdvl Sev edvr Wi it le\ns,\now nh ’i sc Th rah na ss lb ae tie on na ac nce dpt noe td eb .yCowell, must\n4 A hero a braveson. . -\n7 Thesecond lineisobscure.—cGracefullordofmen,grant wealth tous\nnchildrenand grandchildren.’ Wilson. !\n8 Upastutus; singersso namedafterthe Bishi Upastuta. See I. 36. If)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 899,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 92.] THE RIGVEDA. 257\n10 Priest, presser of the juice praise now the dearest Guest of\nall our friends, !\nAgni, the driver of the cars.\n11 Who, finder-outof treasuresopenandconcealed,bringeth them\nhither, Holy One;\nWhose waves, as in a cataract, are hard to pass, when he,\nthrough song, would win him strength.\n12 Let not the noble Guest, Agni, be wroth with us: by many a\nman his praise is sung,\nGood Herald, skilled in sacrifice.\n13 0 Vasu, Agni, let not them be harmed who come in any way\nwith lauds to thee.\nEven the lowly, skilled in rites, with offered gifts,seeketh thee\nfor the envoy’s task.\n14 Friend of the Maruts, Agni, come with Budras to the Soma-\ndraught,\nToSobhari’s fairsong of praise,andbethou joyful in thelight.\n—\n—10 Priest,presser ofthejuice: dsdva: stotcih. S&yana. ‘Singer ofhymns.’\nWilson.\n11 Whoseloaves: billowyfloodsofflamerushingon likewatersfallingdown\na precipice. *Whose(flames), as hehastenstowagethe battleby meansofour\nsacre—d rite, are hard to bepasse? \" ' ‘ .ves rushing down adecli-\nvity.’ -Wilson. See also Pischel, ” ^ • . I. p. 184. Throughsony\ninspirited andstrengthenedby ourhymns.\n13 Fortheenvoy's task tobearlxis oblations to the Gods.\n17"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 900,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 901,
            "content": "—\n; : :\nVaLAKHILYA.\n(Book VIII. Hymns 49—59. M. Mailer.)\nHYMN\nI. Indra.\nTo you will I sing Xudra’s praise who gives good gifts as well\nwe know\nThe praise of Maghavan who, rich in treasure, aids his singers\nwith wealth thousandfold. *\n2 As with a hundred hosts, he rushes boldly on, and for the\nofferer slays his foes.\nAs from a mountain flow the water-brooks, thus flow his gifts\nwhofeedeth many a one.\n3 The drops effused, the gladdeningdraughts, 0 Indra, Lover of\nthe Song,\nAs waters seek thelake where they are wont to rest, fill thee,\nfor bounty, Thunderer.\n4 The matchless draught that strengthens and gives eloquence,\nthe sweetest of the meath drink thou,\nThat in thyjoy thou mayst scatter thy gifts o’er us, plente-\nously, even as the dust.\n5 Come quickly to our laud, urged oil by Soma-pressers like a\nhorse\nLaud, Godlike Indra, which milck-kme make sweet for thee\n:\nwith Kanva’s sons are gifts for thee.\n6 With homage have we sought thee as a Hero, strong, pre-\neminent, with unfailing wealth.\n0 Thunderer, as a plenteous spring pours forth its stream, so,\nIndra, flow our songs to thee.\n7 If now thou art at sacrifice, or if thou art upon the earth,\nCome thence, high-thoughted\n!\nto our sacrifice with theSwift,\ncome, Mighty with the Mighty Ones.\nSeeBookVIII., HymnXLIX., note. Professor Cowell's versionof these\neleven hymns wifibefoundin AppendixI. of Wilson’s Translation, Vol* V.\nI am indebtedtohimforsome improvementson the version which I had\npreviously prepared. —\n2 .4swith ahundredhosts: ‘likeaweaponwithahundred edges.’ Cowell.\n4 T—hat...giveseloquence: vivdhshanam fromvaoh; ‘swelling,!frothvahsh=»\nulcsh. von Roth,and Cowell. Pleuteously, even asthedust themeaningof\nthetext isobscure The St. Petersburg Lexicontakes dhrU —Md—driskud*\nthenether millstone; fjustasthemill-stonepours outmeal.’ Cowell.\n7 TheSwiftandtheMighty Ones> areIndia’shorses."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 902,
            "content": ": ; : : :\nm\nTEE EYMiVS OP VALARETLYA\n[ .\n8 The active, fleet-foot, tawny Coursersthat are thine are swift\nto victory, like the Wind,\nWherewith thou goest round to visit Maims* seed, wherewith\n10 all heaven is visible.\n9 Indra, from theesogreatwe crave prosperity in wealth ofkine,\nAs, Maghavan, thou favouredst Medbyatifchi, and, in the fight,\nNipatithi.\nAs, Maghavan, to Kanva, Trasadasyu, and to Paktha and\nDasavrnja;\nAs, Indra, to Gosarya and Bijisvau thou vouchsafed*! wealth\nin kine an^i gold.\nHYMN\nII. Indra.\nSakraI praise, to win his aid, far-famed, exceeding bountiful,\nWho gives, as ’twere in thousauds, precious wealth to him\nwho sheds thejuice and worships him.\n2 Arrows with hundred points, unconquerable, arc this Indra’s\nmighty arms in war.\nHe streamson liberal worshippers like a hill with springs,\nwhen juices poured have gladdened him.\n3 Whattime the flowing Soma-drops have gladdened with their\n°\ntaste the Friend,\nLikewater, gracious Lord weremy libationsmade,likemilch-\n!\nkine to the worshipper.\n4: To him the peerless, who is calling you to give you aid, forth\nflow the drops of pleasant meath.\nThe Soma-drops which call on thee, 0 gracious Lord, have\nbrought thee to our hymns ofpraise.\n5 He rushes hurrying* like a steed to Soma that adorns our rite,\nWhich liymns make sweet to thee, lover of pleasant food. The\ncall to Paura thou dost love.\n6 Praise the strong, grasping Hero, winner of the spoil, ruling\nsupreme o’er mighty wealth.\nLike a full spring, 0 Thunderer, from thy store hast thou\npoured on the -worshipper evermore.\n° V 77 aRishiwhosename has frequently occurred. Nijpdtitld\n* . . ,\nereandV&laldiilyaHymn\nIII.\n10 Trasadusyu: see. Yol. I., Index. Paktha a favourito of the Asvins.\nSee VIII. 22. 10, Earivraja see VIII. 8, 20, Cromrya see VIII. S. 30.\nKijisvan: seeVol. I., Index.\n5 ThecalltoPaura theinvitation to Paura’s house. According to von\nBothpauvdmeansthefi—ller, the satisfier: ithouapprovest the summons to\nthesatisfyingbeverage.’ CowelL SeeV. 74, 4."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 903,
            "content": "— —\n1 : ; : :\n11YMN\n3,]\nTHE RIGVEDA\n.\n261\n7 Now whether thou he far away, or in the heavens, or on the\nearth,\n0 Indra, mighty-thoughted, harnessing thy Bays, come Lofty\nwith the Lofty Ones.\n8 The Bays who draw thy chariot, Steeds who injure none, sur-\npass the wind’s impetuous strength\n10 With whom thou sileneest the enemyof man, withwhomthou\ngoest round the sky.\n9 0 gracious Hero, may we learn anewtoknowtheeasthou art\nAs in decisive fight thou holj)est Etasa, or Vasa ’gainst\nDasavraja,\n^\nAs, Maghavan, to Kanva at the sacred feast, to Dirghamtha\nthine home-friend,\nAsto Gosaryathou,Stone-darter, gavestwealth, give meagold-\nbright stall of kine,\nHYMN\nHI. Indra.\nAs with Manu Samvarani, Indra, thou drankest Somajuice,\nAnH, Maghavan, with Nipatithi, Medhyatithi, with Pushtigu\nand Srushtigu,\n3 The son of Prishadvana was Praskanva’s host, who lay decre-\npit and forlorn. *\nAidedby theo the Rishi Dasyavc-vrika strove to obtain thou-\nsands ofkino.\n3 Call hither with thy newest song Indra who lacks not hymns\nof praise,\nHim who observes and knows, inspirer of the sage, him who\nseems eager to enjoy.\ni He unto when* they sang the seven-headed hymn, three-\nparted, in the loftiest place,\nHe sent his thunder down on all these living things, and so\ndisplayed heroic might.\n7 Thisstanzaisalmosta repetition ofstanza 7 of Hymn I.\n9 Etasa: seel. 61. 15. Vasa mentioned as afavourite of theAsvins in\nX. 40. 7* Dasavraja said in stanza 10 of Hymn I. tohavebeen helpedby\nInd 1r 0a. Dlrgftanltha Ludwigtakesthis word to be an adjecti.ve qual. i. f. y. ing\nwi&lheadhvart, ‘atthe sacrificialfeastof longduration.’ A gold-brightstall\nof hint: according to Ludwig, a stall graced with bay steeds, wouldbe a\nbettertranslation.\n1 Sdmvarani: son ofthe VedicEishi Samvarana. SeeV. 33. 10. Atthe\nendofthestanza, £so drink with us,’ isto beunderstood.\nthe2 WFo or 1l fo -tr on -1: 1er -e Dje ac at ye ud ,a tn hd atca iss ,t Do eu st trb oy yehi rs ok fi fn id er ne dd s. orDa bs ary ba av re i- av nr si .ka ; literally,\n4 Theseven-headed: sungbysevenheavenlysingers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 904,
            "content": "—\n: ::\n262 THE HYMNS OH [VALAEHILYA.\n5 We invoeate that Tndra whobestoweth precious things on us.\nNow doweknowhisnewest favour may we gain a stablethat\n;\nis full of kine.\n6 He whom thou aidest, gracious Lord, to give again, obtains\ngreat wealth to nourish him.\nWe with our Soma ready, Lover of the Song ! call, Indra\nMaghavan, on thee.\n7 Ne’er art thou fruitless, Indra; ne’er dost thou desert the\nworshipper\nBut now, 0 Maghavan, thy bounty as a God is poured forth\never mor$ and more.\n8 He who hath overtaken Krivi with his might, and silenced\n10\nSusbna with death-bolts,\nWhen he supported yonder heavenand spreaditout, thenfirst\nthe son of earth was born.\n9 Good Lord of wealth is heto whom all Aryas, Dasas here be-\nlong.\nDirectly unto thee, the pious Rasama Paviru, is that wealth\nbrought nigh.\nIn zealous haste the singers have sung forth a song distilling\noil and rich in sweets. ^\nRiches have spread among us and heroicstrength, with us are\nflowing Soma-drops.\nHYMN\nIV. Indra.\nAs, Sakra, thou withManucalledVivaav&ndrankestSoma juice,\nAs, Indra, thou didst love the hymn by Trita’s side, so dost\nthou joy withAyu now.\n2 As thou with M&farisvan, Medhya, Prishadhra, hast cheered\nthee, Indra, with pressedjuice,\nDrunk Soma with liijunas, Syftmarasmi, by Dasonya’s, Dasa-\nsipra’s side.\n3 ’Tis he who made the lauds his own and boldly drank the\nSoma juice,\n8 Theson of earth; man. —\n9 RasamaPaviru theRusamas are mentioned in V. 30. 13 15. The\nnameof Paviru doesnotoccur again.\n1 Vivasvda: orVivasvat, wasthefatherof Manuwho is generally called\nYaivasvata. Ayu theItishiof thehymn, orthesaerificer.\n2 Mdtarisvan: the Rishi of HymnYI. of the V&lakhilya, Medhya: the\nItishiof Hymns V. IX. andX. Prishadhra: theRishiof Hymn VIII. Syti-\nmarasmi; mentioned, asafavourite ofthe Asvins,in I. 112. 16. Thenames\nof Rijunas, Dasonya, andDasasipra donotoccuragainintheRigveda."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 905,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN\n5.]\nTHE MOVEDA\n263\n.\nHe to whom Vishnu came striding his three wide steps, as\nMitra’s statutes ordered it. *\n4 In whose laud thou didst joy, Indra, at the great deed, 0\nSatakratu, Mighty One\n1\nSeeking renown we call thee as the milkers call the cow who\nyields abundant milk.\n5 He isourSirewhogivesto us, Great,Mighty, rulingas he wills.\nUnsought, may he the Strong, Rich, Lord of ample wealth,\ngive us of horses and of kine.\n6 He to whom thou, Good Lord, givestthat he may give increas-\nes wealth that nourishes. ^\nEager for wealth we call 011 Indra, Lord of wealth, on Sata-\nkratu with our lauds.\n7 Never artthou neglectful : thouguardestboth races with thy\ncare.\n10 The call on Indra, fourth Aditya 1 is thine own. Amrit is\nstablished in the heavens.\n8 The offerer whom thou, Indra, Lover of the Song, liberal\nMaghavan, favourest,\nAs at the call of Kanva so, 0 gracious Lord, hear thou our\nsongs and eulogy.\n9 Sung is the song of ancient time : to Indra have ye said the\nprayer.\nThey have sung many a Brihafci of sacrifice, poured forth the\nworshipper’s many thoughts.\nIndra hath tossed together mighty stores of wealth, and both\nthe worlds, yea, and the Sun.\nPure, brightly-shining, mingled with the milk, the draughts\nof Soma havb made Indraglad.\nHYMN\nV. Indra.\nAs highest of the Maghavans, preeminent among the Bulls,\nBest breaker-down of forts, kine-winner, Lord of wealth, we\nseek thee, Indra Maghavan.\n2 Thou who subduedst Ayu, Kutsa, Atithigva, waxing dailyin\nthy might,\n—\n5 Ruling as hewills; ‘liewho acts asthesovereign/ Cowell.\n7 Bothraces: Godsandmen. FourthAditya—Varuna, Mitra, and Arya-\nman beingthe other three. Amrit: ‘ambrosia.’ Cowell.\n8 As thoukearest, must besuppliedatthebeginningof thestanza.\n9 Brihati: verse iu theBrikatt metre.\n1 Highest or, nearest. The Bulls strongheroes.\n.\n2 Ayiij Kutsa, Atithigva: see I. 53. 10."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 906,
            "content": ": :\n264 T1IE HYMNS OF [VALAKHILYA .\nAs such, rousing thy power, we invocate thee now, thee\nSatakratu, Lord of Bays.\n3 The pressing-stones shall pour forusthe essence of the meath\nof all,\nDrops that hare been pressed out afar among the folk, and\nthose that have been pressed near us.\n4 Eepel all enmities and keep them far away : let allwin\ntreasure for their own.\nEven among Sishtas are the stalks that make thee glad,\nwhere thou with Soma safest thee.\n5 Come, Indrfij very near to uswith aidsof firmly-based resolve\n;\nCome, most auspicious, with thy most auspicious help, good\nKinsman, with good kinsmen, come\n!\n6 Bless thou withprogeny the chief ofmen, the lord of heroes,\nvictor in the fray.\nAid with thy powers the men who sing thee lauds and keep\ntheir spirits ever pure and bright.\n7 May we be such in battle as are surest to obtain thy grace\n:\nWith holy offerings and invocations ofthe Gods, we mean,\nthat we may win the spoil.\n8 Thine, Lord of Bays, am I. Prayer longeth for the spoil.\nStill with thy help I seek the fight.\nSo, at the raiders7 head, I, craving steeds and kinc, unite\nmyself with thee alone.\nHYMN VI. Indm.\nIndra, the poets with their hymns extol this hero might of\nthine\n:\nThey strengthened, loud insong, thy power*that droppeth oiL\nWith hymns the Pauras came to thee.\n2 Through piety they came to Indra for his aid, they whoso\nlibations give theejoy.\nAs thou with Krisaand Samvarta hast rejoiced, so, Indra, be\nthou glad with us.\n4 Sishtas: apparently a tribe of no greatimportance. Stalks: of the\nSoma-plant.\n8 Attheraiders7head atthehead oftheband who are goingforth toseize\nthecattleoftheirenemies. Von Boththinksthatmatindnishould be readin\nstead of mathlnvfm, and Grassrnanntranslatesaccordingly, {inAufang rneiner\nBitten/ ‘atthebeginningofmy prayers.’\n—\n1 Pauras : ctheofferers.’ Cowell. See V&lakhilya, II. 5.\n2 Krisct the Jlishi of Hymn VII. of the Y&lakhilya. Samvarta: not\nmentionedelsewhere."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 907,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 7.] THE MIGVEDA, 265\n3 Agreeing in your spirit, all ye Deities, come nigh to us.\nYasus and Ituclras shall come near to give usaid, and Manila\nlisten to our call.\n£ May Pushan, Vishnu, and Sarasvatibefriend, and the Seven\nStreams, this call of mine :\nMay Waters, Wind, the Mountains, and the Forest-Loi’d, and\nEarth give ear unto my cry.\n5 Indra, with thiue own bounteous gift, most liberal of the\n'\nMighty Ones,\nBe our boon benefactor, Vritia-slayer, be our feast-companion\nfor our weal. *\n6 Leader of heroes, Lord ofbattle, lead thou us to combat, thou\nMost Sapient One.\nHigh fame is theirs who win by invocations, feasts and enter-\ntainment of the Gods.\n7 OurhopesrestontheFaithfulOne\n:\ninIndrais thepeople’slife.\n0 Maghavan, come nigh that thou mayst give us aid make\n:\nplenteous food stream forth for us.\n8 Thee would we worship, Indra, with our songs of praise 0\n:\nSatakratu, he thou ours.\nPour down upon Praska*va' bounty vast and hnn, exuberant,\nm that shall never fail.\nHYMN VI T. Fraskanva’s Gift,\nGreat, verily, isIndra’s might. I have beheld, and hither\ncomes\nThy bounty, Dasyave-vrika\n!\n2 A hundred oxen white of hue are shining like the stars in\nheaven, r\nSo tall, they seem to prop the sky.\n3 Bamboos a hundred, hundred clogs, a hundred skins of \"boasts\nwell-tanned,\nA hundred tufts of Balbaja, four hundred red-hued mares\nare mine.\n4 The ForestLord: vanasjuiti thetalltimbertree,frequentlymeaningthe\nSacrificial Post..\n5 Benefactor: orBhaga, the God whodistributeswealth.\n1 fGreat is Indra’s power, and thegiftswhich I havereceivedfrom thee, 0\ndestroyer of the Dasyus, can be compared onlyto his bounty/ Dasyave-\nvrika, here, isthe name, not ofthe Bishi, but of ahero whoinalliancewith\nthe Kanvashas been victoriousin his attack onthe hostilebarbarians. Bee\nLudwig. Yol. IH. p. 164.\n3 Balbaja: akind of coarsegrass (Eleusine Indica), used inreligiouscere-\nmonies, and'forother puiposes whenplaited,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 908,
            "content": ":: : :\nTHE HYMN'S OF ['VALAKHILYA\n.\n4 Blestby the Gods, K&riv&yanas\nS\nbe ye who spread through\nlife on life:\nLike horses have ye stridden forth.\n5 Then men extolled the team of seven : notyet full-grown, its\nfame is great.\nThe dark mares rushed along the paths, so that no eye could\nfollow them.\nHYMN\" VIII. Praskanva’s Q-iffc.\nTnrbounty, Dasyave-vrika, exhaustless hathdisplayed itself :\nIts fulness is ns broad as heaven.\n2 Ten thousand Dasyave-vrika, the son of P&takrata, hath\nFrom his own wealth bestowed on me.\n3 A hundredasseshathhegiven, ahundredheadof fleecysheep,\nA hundred slaves, and wreathsbesides.\n4 Therealsowasamareledforth,pickedoutforPutakrat&’s sake,\nJSTot of the horses of the herd.\n5 Observant Agni hath appeared, oblation-bearer with his car.\nAgni with his resplendent flame hath shone on high as shines\nthe Sun, hath shone like Suryain the heavens.\nHYMN\nIX. Asvins.\nEndoweb, 0 Gods, with your primeval wisdom, come quickly\nwith your chariot, 0 ye Holy. *\nCome with your mighty powers, 0 ye Nasatyas; come hither,\ndrink ye this the third libation.\n2 The truthful Deities, the Three-and-Thirty, saw you approach\nbefore the Ever-Truthful.\n4Ednvdyarms; descendantsof Knnva. *\n5 The team of seven: 1siebeugespaunes/—Grassmann *seven-yoked\nteam.’“Cowell. Buttheexact meaninghere of sdptdsya is; uncertain. Von\nRoththinksthatitisprobably apropername. Ludwig takes itinthe sense\nof abondof friendshiporalliance. Thedarkmares thereisnosubstantive,\nand ‘mares’ is conjecturallysupplied. AccordingtoLudwig,the darkhosts\noftheDasynsconquered byDasyave-vrikaareintended, andthe whole stanza\nwouldbemorecorrectlytranslated\n‘Thenno morethoughtthey of thegreatrenown of the collectivebond.\nThedarktribes rushedalongthepathsso thatno eyecouldreach to them.’\nSeeLudwig’s Commentary, Vol. V, p. 552.\n2 ThesonofPd —tdkratd or, more probably, called Pautakrata after his\nfatherPutakratu. Ludwig.\n3 Slaves: dis^n: conqueredbarbarians.\n4 Pickedout; or, adorned. Phtakrald: the wifeof Putakratu.\n—\n1 Ndmtyas: *truthfulones,’ Cowell. SeeVolI,, Index.\n’2 TheTavee-and'Thirty or, Turice-Eleven. See I. 34. 11. The Ever-\nTruthful; theSun, whoseapproachisheraldedby theAsvius."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 909,
            "content": ": :: : : ; ;\nm\nHtMN 11,] the rxgvela.\nAccepting thisour worship andlibation, 0 Asvins bright with\nfire, drink ye the Soma.\n—\n3 Asvins, that work of yours deserves our wonder, the Bullof\nheaven and earth and air’s mid region —\nYea, and your thousand promises in battle, to all of these\ncome near and drink beside us.\n4 Here is your portion laid for you, ye Holy: come to these\nsongs of ours, 0 ye Nasatyas.\nDrink among us the Soma full of sweetness, and with your\npowers assist the man who worships.\nHYMN\nX. ** Yisvedevas.\nHe whom the priests in sundry ways arranging the sacrifice,\nof one accord, bring hither, —\nWho was appointed as a learned Brahman, what isthesacri-\nficer’s knowledge of him?\n2 Kindled in many a spot, still One is Agni; Surya is One\nthough high o’er all he shineth.\nIllumining this All, still One is Ushas. That which is One\nhath into All developed.\n3 The chariot bright and radiant,treasure-laden,three-wheeled,\nwith easy seat, and lightly rolling, —\nWhich She of Wondrous Wealth was born to harness, this\ncar of yours I call. Drink what remaineth.\nHYMN XL India-Varuna.\nIn offerings poured to you, 0 Indra-Varuna, these shares of\nyours stream forth to glorify your state.\nYe haste to the libations at each sacrifice when ye assist the\nworshipper who sheds the juice.\n2 The waters anl the plants, O’Indra-Varuna, had efficacious\nvigour, and attained to might\n3 The Bull theSun,whom, ashisheralds and revealers,theymaybesaid\ntohavecreated. Thousandprom—ises *a characteristic periphrasis for the\nMaghavans, orwealthynobles.’ Ludwig,\n1 Thehymn appearstoconsistof unconnected fragments, andthepurport\nof this stanza isnotobvious.\n3 Sheof Wondrous Weatlh Ushas orDawn. Washornto harness or, as\nProf. Cowelltranslates : ‘AtwhoseyokingtheDawnwasbom.’ Thechariot\nof theAsvins precedes thatof theDawn.\n2 Thewatersand the plants used in sacrifice the Soma-plants and the\nwater employed in preparing the juice for libati; on. The meaning of the\nstanzaseems t«>be\n:\nalthoughyouarefarawayinthemostdistantfirmament,\nourlibationshavehad power to attract you. Regard us only: the godless\nman isunworthy of yourconsiderationeven asan enemy."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 910,
            "content": ": :: :\n268 THE RIGVEDA. [VALAKHILYA\n.\n—\nYe who have gone beyond the pathof middle air, nogodless\nman is worthy to be called your foe.\n3 True is your Krisa’s word, Indra and Yaruna : The seven holy\nvoices pour a wave of meath.\nFor their sake, Lords of splendour aid the pious man who,\n!\nunbewildered, keeps you ever in his thoughts*\ni Dropping oil, sweet with Soma, pouring forth their stream,\nare the Seven Sisters in the seat of sacrifice.\nThese, dropping oil, are yours, 0 Indra-Varuna : with these\nenrich with gifts and help the worshipper.\n5 To our great happiness have we ascribed to these Two Bright\nOnes truthfulness, great strength, aiud majesty.\n0 Lords of splendour, aid us through ’’the Three-times-Seven,\nas we pour holy oil, 0 Indra-Varuna.\n—\n6 Whatye in time of old, Indra and Yaruna, gave Rishis re-\nvelation, thought, and power of song, —\nAnd places which the wTise made, weaving sacrifice, these\nthrough my spirit’s fervid glow have I beheld.\n7 0 Indra-Yaruna, grant to the wonshippers cheerfulness vpid\nof pride, and wealth to nourish them.\nVouchsafe us food, prosperity, an<J.progeny, and lengthen out\nour days that we may see long life.\n^e3\nc\nIT Xh .e 10s 3e .ven 3.hol Ay xv oo ai vc ees\nof\nt mh ee atv ho ;ice ‘s aso tf reth ae mos fev he on nep yr .i ’e—sts Coo wr ells .acred bards.\n4 TheSevenSisters ‘sister-streamsof the Soma.’—Cowell.\n5 The Three-times-Seven perhapstheMnruts, thrice-scven being used in-\ndefinitelyforalargernumberconsistingof troopsof seven. SeeI. 133. 6.\nkno6 wlR ee dv ge el .atio ‘n F: ams er .u ’t —um C: owet lh la .t wh Pi lac ch eswas peh re ha ar pd s,(f asrom Lui dh we ib geg si un gn gi en sg t)\ns,;\nhsa oc mr ee sd\nintheworld tocome, whichthewise Rishishavepreparedfor themselves by-\nperforming sacrifice here below. Through my spirit's fervid glow: tdpasd:\naccordingto Grassmann and Cowell, this tdpas means ‘the holy austerities1\nof the Rishis, and not the sacred fervour of theseerof thehymn. I have\nfollowedLudwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 911,
            "content": ":, : ; :\nBOOK THE NINTH.\nHYMN\nI, Soma Pavam&na.\nIn sweetest and most gladdening stream flow pure, 0 Soma,\non thy way,\nPressed out for Indra, for his drink.\n2 FientUqueller, Friend of all men, he hath with the wood at-\ntained unto\nHis place, his iron-fashioned home.\n3 Be thou best Vritra-slayer, best granter of bliss, most liberal\n:\nPromote ourwealthy princes’ gifts.\n4 Flow onward with thy juice unto the banquet of the Mighty\nGods\n:\nFlow7 hither for our strength and fame.\n5 0 Inclu, wedraw nighto thee,withthisone object day byday\nTo thee alone our prayers are said. :\n6 By means of this eternal fleece may Surya’s Daughter purify\nThy Soma that is foaming forth.\n7 Ten sister maids of slender form seize him within the press\nand hold\nHim firmly on the final day.\n8 The virgins send him forth they blow the skin musician-\n:\nlike, and fuse\nThe triple foe-repelling meath,\nNearlyallthehymnsof thisBookareaddressedjtpthedeified Soma juice,\nortoSoma,orIndu,theJlloon,who as containingthecelestialnectar, thedrink\n! oftheGods,isidentified withtheSoma-plantandits exhilarating juice. As\njthe Moon-Godpoursdownhisambrosial: r\" d *1_ J,1‘ sieve ofheaven,heis\naddressedand worshipped as Pavamana * I* . ' represented by the\nSoniajuiceasitundergoespurification by flowing through the wool which\ni Vs edu is se cd heas Mya tf hi ol lte or gio ers It .ra 3i 8n 5er s. qq.,Se ae\nn\n—dMu Mi ar, x0 M. ulS l, erT ,ex Ct hs i, psV ,. I2 V5 .8 3s 5q 3q.—, 3H 6il 7l .eb Bra un tdf oc f,\n.\nOldcnberg, Religion des Veda 599 612.\n•1 Flowpare :pdvasva: tpu, rifythyself.’--Ludwig.\n2 With thewood somewoodenvesselorimplement, perhaps the sruvaor\ndipping-spoon. Iron-fashionedhome receptaclethathas been hammered or\nformedwithatool ofdyas, iron orothermetal. Itis nob clear whatvessel is\nintended.\n6 S&rya'sDaughter : SraddMor Faith. See Sitcqmtha-Brdhmana, XII. 7,\n3.11.\n7 Ten sistermaids thepriest’sfingers. Thefinalday onwhichtheSoma\nis effused.\n8 Virgins: the unwedded ones: the fingers. Musician-like: or, as men\nblowabagpipe butthemeaningofbdkurdm andthe second half-liueisnob\nclear. *They sei; zeitglitteringlike awater-skin.’—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 912,
            "content": ":: :\n270 T1IE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX\n9 Inviolable milch-kine roundabouthimblend, for Indra’s drink,\nThe fresh young Soma with their milk.\n10 In the wild raptures of this draught, Indra slays all the\nVritras he,\n:\n'The Hero, pours his wealth on us.\nHYMN\nII. Soma Pavamftna.\nSoma, flow on, inviting Gods, speed to the purifying cloth :\nPass into Indra, as a Bull.\n2 As mighty food speed hitherward, Indu, as a most splendid\nSteer\nSit in thy place as one with strength.\n3 The well-loved meath was made to flow, the stream of the\ncreative juice\n:\nThe Sage drew waters to himself.\n4 Themightywaters,yea,thefloodsaccompanytheeMighty One,\nWhenthou wilt clothe thee with the milk.\n5 The lake is brighteued in the floods. Soma, our Friend,\nheaven’s prop and stay,\nFalls on the purifying cloth.\n10\n6 ThetawnyBullhathbellowed,fai.vas mighty Mitrato behold :\nHe shines together with the Sun.\n7 Songs, Indu, active in their might are beautified for thee,\nwherewith\nThou deckest thee for our delight.\n8 To thee who givest ample room we pray, to win the joyous\ndraught\n:\nGreat are the praises due tothee.\n9 Indu, as Indra’s Friend, on us pour with a stream of sweet-\nness, like\nParjanya sender of the rain.\nWinner of kine, Indu, art thou, winner of heroes, steeds, and\nstrength\n:\nPrimeval Soul of sacrifice.\n3 TheSage: theSoma. Waters: with which the stalks of theplantare\nsprinkled.\n5 Thelake theSomajuice.\n6 ThetawnyBull: *thegolden-huedshowererofblessings.*— Wilson. The\nstronggreenish-yellowSomajuice. Hath bellowed: anexaggeratedexpression\nforthesoundmadebythejuiceasitdrops,butinkeepingwithitsrepresent*\nationasabull.\n9 LikeParjanya enriching andblessing us as therain-cloudfertilizes the\ngiound."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 913,
            "content": ": :: : .\nm\nHYMN TEE RIOVEDA\n4.]\nHYMN\nIII. SomaPavamiln^.\nHere present this Immortal God flies* like a bird upon her\nwings*\nTo settle in the vats of wood.\n2 This God, made ready with the hymn* runs swiftly through\nthe winding ways,\nInviolable as he flows.\n3 This God while flowing is adorned, like a bay steed for war,\nby men\nDevout and skilled in holy songs.\n4 He, like a warrior going forth with heroes, as he flows along\nIs fain to win all precious boons.\n5 ThisGod,asheisflowingon,speedslikeacarandgiveshisgifts\n:\nHe lets his voice be heard of all.\n6 Praised by the sacred bards, this God dives into waters, and\nbestows\n10 Rich gifts upon the worshipper.\n7 Away he rushes with his stream, across the regions, into\nheaven,\nAnd roars as he is flowing on.\n8 While flowing, meet for^sacrifice, he hath gone up to heaven\nacross.\nThe regions, irresistible.\n9 After the way of ancient time, this God, pressed out for\nDeities,\nFlows tawny to the straining-cloth.\nThis Lord of many Holy Laws, even at his birth engendering\nstrength, *\nEffused, flows onward in a stream.\nHYMN IV. SomaPavam&na.\n0 Soma flowing on thy way, win thou and conquerhigh re-\nnown\nAnd mak; e us better than we are.\n1 Thevatsofwood: drdudni: largewoodenvessels, tubsortroughs,which\nreceivethe Somajuice. —\n2 Thewinding ways of t—he wool which forms the strainer. Ludwig.\n‘Bushes againstthe enemies,’ Wilson.\n6 Divesintowaters calledvasattvaryak,withwhichthestalksoftheSoma-\nplantaresprinkled.\n9 Pressedoutfor Deities theSomajuicebeingidentified with theAmrit\nor nectar, the drinkof the Gods,containedinthe Moon.\n1 Betterthanweare or,happierthanweare#"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 914,
            "content": "i ; :; :; ; ; :\n272 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX,\n2 Win thou the light, win heavenly light, and, Soma, all feli-\ncities\n;\nAnd make us better than we are.\n3 Win skilful strength and mental power. 0 Soma, drive away\nour foes\nAnd make us better than we are.\n4 Ye purifiers, purify Soma for Indra, for hisdrink :\nMake thou us better than we are.\n5 Give us our portion in the Sun through thine own mental\npower and aids\nAnd make us better than we are.\n6 Through thine own mental power and aid long may we look\nupon the Sun\n10 Make thou us better than we are.\n7 Well-weaponed Soma, pour to us a stream of riches doubly\ngreat\nAnd make us better than we are.\n8 As one victorious, unsubduedinbattlepourforthwealthto us;\nAnd make us better than we are.\n9 By worship, Pavamkna men have strengthened thee to prop\n!\nthe Law\nMake thou us better than we are.\n0 Indu, bring us wealth in steeds, manifold, quickening all\nlife\nAnd make us better than we are.\nHYMN\nY. Apris.\nEnkindled, Pavamana,Lord,sendsforth hislightoneveryside\nIn friendly show, the bellowing Bull.\n2 He, Pavam&na, Self-produced, speeds onward sharpening his\nhorns\nHe glitters through the firmament.\n3 Brilliant like wealth, adorable, with splendour PavamS.ua\nshines,\nMightily with the streams of meath.\nSo4 maPurifiers: printswhose businessisto purifythe juice. Make thm * 0\n9 Toprop 1theLaw : v ’i ’d Vk la *lr ^m ya ani m:• ' ^f po lr at ih ne eir do bw yn Scu tp yh ao ml id ai sn =g. s’ a— rW vi ul gs ro ln m,\nhicm\nt ch s\nIn thisAprihymnatributesof Agniaretransferredto SomaPavamana.\n^7W U 2P7 L Sel7< J f+ ^ -1 pie ros dnh uo cw ee d;r8a e) r T) uu o md td t[b nu l^ de pss di tn ;gp sr , po rp u oe t pr t el e rry li yna g app a nl alic o ma u eb dl oe s fout Ao n gd n.A i’gn —i W h. i el rs eo ,T nh t.e hebe Ml olo ow ni .ng\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 915,
            "content": "—\n: ::\nm\n&TMN THE RIGVEDA.\n6.]\n4 The tawny Pavamina, who strews from of old thd grass with\nmight,\nIs worshipped, God amid the Gods.\n5 The golden, the Celestial Poors are lifted with their frames\non high,\nBy Pavamana glorified.\n6 With passion Pavamana longs for the great lofty Pair, welt-\nformed,\nLike beauteous maidens, Night and Dawn.\n7 Both Gods who look on men I call, Celestial-Heralds Jndra’s\n:\nSelf\nIs Pavamina, yea, the Bull.\n8 This, Pavamana’s sacrifice, shall the threebeauteous Goddes-\nses,\nSarasvati and BMrati and Ila, Mighty One, attend.\n9 I summon Tvashtar hither, our protector, champion, earliest-\nborn,\nIndu is Indra, tawny Steer Pavamana is Prajapati.\n;\n10 0 Pavamana, with the meath in streams*anoint Yanaspati,\nThe ever-green, the golden-hued, refulgent, with a thousand\nboughs.\n^\n11 Come to the consecrating rite of Pavamana, all ye Gods,\nYayu, Surya, Brihaspati, Indra, and Agni, in accord.\nHYMN YL SomaPavamana.\nSoma, flow onwithpleasantstream, aBull devotedto theGods,\nOur Friend, unto the woollen sieve.\n2 Pour hitherward, as Indra’s Self, Indu, that- gladdening\nstream of thine,\nAnd send us coursers full of strength.\n3 Flow to the filter hitherward, pouring, that ancient gladden-\ning juice,\nStreaming forth power and high renown.\n4 Hither the sparkling drops have flowed, like waters down a\nsteep descent\nThey have reached Indra purified.\n5 The CelestialDoors thedoors of the hallof sacrificearehereidentified\nwiththeportalsof theeastthrough whichlight comes into theworld. See\nII:3. 5.\nby7 S&C yel ae ns ati aal s=He dr ta pl td as h;s ‘e re adI i. an1 t3 ,. ’8—. WiI ln sd or na .’sSelf: indrah here is* explained\n10 Vanaspati: thesacrificialstake.\n11 The consecrating rite: svfthdkriiim: oblation accompanied with the\natterance of thesacredformulaSv&M.\n18"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 916,
            "content": ": : :; : . :\nm\nTMM HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n5 Whom, having passed the filter, ten dames cleanse, as ’twerp\na vigorous steed,\nWhile he disports him in the wood,-—\n<5 The steer-strong juice with milk pour forth, for feast and\nservice of the Gods,\nf ^To him who bears away the draught.\n7 Effused, the God flows onward with his stream to Indra, to\nthe God,\nSo that his milk may strengthen him.\n6 Soul of the sacrifice, the juice effused flows quickly on : he\nkeeps\nHis ancient wisdom of a Sage.\n§ Sopouringforth, as Indra’s Friend, strong drink, best Glad-*\ndener for the feast,\n1\nThou, even in secret, storest hymns.\nHYMN\nVII, Soma Pavaniftna.\nForth on their way the glorious drops have flowed for main-\ntenance of Law,\nKnowing this sacrifice’s course.\n2 Down in the mighty waters sinks the stream of meath, most\nexcellent, ’ *\nOblation best of all in worth.\n3 About the holy place, the Steer true, guileless, noblest, hath\nsent forth\nContinuous voices in the wood.\n4 When, clothed in manly strength, the Sage flows in celestial\nwisdom round,\nThe Strong would win the light of heaven. '\n5 Whenpurified, hesits as Kingabovethehosts, amonghisfolk,\nWhat time the sages bring him nigh.\n5 Whom relativetojuiceinthefollowingstanza. Tendames thefingers.\nThe wood thevatortrough\n0 Tohimwhobearsawaythedraughtr toIndra. Others take bhardya to>\nmean ‘for-strengthorprowessin battle/\n9 Evenin,secret wisdomlies—hidden in the Soma, and cannot be recog-\nnizeduntilonedrinks thejuice. Ludwig.\n2\n3\nIT nhe thm eig wh ot oy dwat ae cr cs or: dit nh ge th ool Sy ayw aa nt ae ,rs rac ra elle hd erv ea —sa at dt av Ja cr eya ih n.\nthewater. The\nstanza'is verydifficult, and I am unableto offerasatisfac, torytranslation.\n4 The Strong Indr—a, *Thenthe mighty (Indra) in heaven is eagerto\nrepairto theoblation.’ Wilson. /\n5 Above thehosts, among hisfolic:or, aspreferredby Prof. Ludwigin his\nCommentary, abovethecontending tribes orpeople (visah)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 917,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN THE MOVED\n8.] A. 275\n6 Dear, golden-coloured, in the fleece he sinks, and settles in\nthe wood\n:\n9The Singer shows his zeal in hymns.\n7 He goes to Indra, V&yu, to theAsvins, as his custom is,\nWith gladdening juice which gives them joy.\n8 The streams of pleasant Soma flowto Bhaga, Mitra-Varuna,\nWell-knowing through his mighty powers.\nGain for us, 0 ye Heavenand Earth, riches of meath to win\nus wealth\n:\nGain for us treasures and renown.\nHYMN\nVIII. •SomaPavamSna,\nObeying Indra’s dear desire these Soma juices have flowed\nforth,\nIncreasing his heroic might.\n2 Laid in the bowl, pure-flowing on to Vayu and the Asvins,\nmay\n• These give ns great heroic strength.\n3 Soma, as thou artpurified, incite to. bounty Indra’s heart,\nTo sit in place of sacrifice.\n4 The ten swift fingers deck thee forth, seven ministers impel\nthee on\n:\nThe sages have rejoiced in thee.\n5 When through the filter thou art poured, we clothethee with\na robe of milk\nTo be a gladdening draught for Gods.\n6 When purified within the jars, Soma, brightred and golden-\nhued,\nHath clothed him with a robe of milk.\n.7 Flow on to us andmakens rich. Drive all our enemiesaway.\n0 Indu, flow into thy Friend.\n8 Send down the rain from heaven, astream of opulence from\nearth. Give us,\n0 Soma, victory in war.\n9 May we obtain thee, Indra’s drink, who viewest men and\nfindest light,\nGain thee, and progeny and food.\n8 Well-knowing, through his mighty 'powers that is, the streams that,\nthrough the powerofSoma,knowthewaytheysho—uldgo. fThe worshippers\nknowingits(virtuesare rewarded) withhappiness.’ Wilson.\n7 Flow on to usandmakeusrich; or, *Flow to us wealthy worshippera.’\nThyFriend: Indra. Cf. IX. 2. 1."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 918,
            "content": ":\nm\nm- TUB HYMNS OF [Booit\nHYMN\nIX. SomaPavam&tfa.\nThe Sage of Heaven whose heart is wise, when laid between\nboth hands andpressed,\nSends us delightful powers oflife.\n2 On, onward to a glorious home; dear to the people void of\ngu-ile,\nWith excellent enjoyment, how:\n3 He, the bright Son, when-born illumed his Parents who had\nsprung to life,\nGreat Son great Strengthened of L&w.\n& Urged by the seven devotions he hath stirred the guileless\nrivers which\nHave magnified the Single Eye.\n5 These helped to might the Youthful One, high overall, invin-\ncible,\nEven Indu, Indra in thy law.\n!\n6 The Immortal Courser,, good to draw, looks downupon the\nSeven the fount\n:\nHath satisfied the Goddesses.\n,7 Aidus in holy rites, 0 Man : 0 Pavamana, drive away\nBark shades that must be met in fight.\n8 Make the paths ready for a hymn newer and newer evermore:\nMake the lights shine as erst they shone.\n9 Give, Pavamana, high renown, give kino and steeds and hero\nsons\n:\nWin for us wisdom, win the light.\nHYMN X. SomaPavam&na.\n•\nLike cars that thunder on their way, like coursers eager for\nrenown,\nHave Soma-drops flowed forth forwealth.\n2f Forth have they rushed from holding hands, like chariots\nthat are urged to speed,\nLike joyful songs of singing-men.\nI The SageofHeaven ; theSoma. Bothhands: naptydh; literally, two\ngranddaughters. According to S&yana, twoboardsusedinpressingthe Soma\nare intended. See Cowell’snoteinWilson’sTranslation.\n3 HisParents: mdtard : literally, histwomothers ; HeavenandEarth.\ni Sevendevotions: practisedin thepreparationofthe Som —a. S&yanatakes•„\nsaptawith naclydh; fgladdens the seven guileless rivers.’ Wilson.* Single\nEye: Soma,theMoon.\n6 Courser; theflowingSoma, TheSe —ven; rivers. Thefount; *Pull, as a\nwfeli, liehas'satisfied thedivinestream's.* Wilson.\n7 0Man manly Soma."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 919,
            "content": ": , ; :\n-HYMN THE RIGVEDA, Ml\n11.]\n3' The Somas .deck themselves with milk, as Kings are graced\nwith eulogies,\nAnd, with seven priests, the sacrifice.\n4 Pressed for thegladdeningdraught, thedropsflowforthabund-\nantly with song,\nThe Soma juices in a stream.\n,5 Winning Vivasv&n’s glory and producing Morning’s light, the\nSuns\nPass through the openings of the cloth.\n6 The singing-men of ancient time open the doors of sacred\nsongs—\n#\nMen, for the mighty.to accept.\n7 Combined in close society sit the seven priests, the brother-\nhood,\nFilling the station of the One.\n8 He gives us kiusbip with the Gods, and with the Sunmnites\nour eye:\nThe Sag.e’s offspring hath appeared.\n9 The Sun with his dear eye beholds that quarter of the heav-\nens which priests\nHave placed within the sacred cell.\nHYMN\nXI. SomaPavam&na.\nSing forth.to Indu, 0 ye men, to him who nowis purified,\nFain to pay worship to the Gods.\n:5 The —Suns: so called as being creators of thelight': ‘the sun-bright\njuices.’ Wilson. Vivasvdn: the morningSun.\n6 Men,for themighty to accept 4;men, offerers of Soma,'* according to\nS&yaua.\n7 The sevenpriests theadhvarymwho bring the water —with which the\nstalksof the Soma-pla *nts aresprinkled. The One :.Soma. Sttyana.\n8 He ' 7 '. ,T *'* '* Gods: IfollowProf. Pischel’s interpretation\no of urth ei ys e—wjllu\\\none\no- uu,. .\nuiab is,\n: heuni bt re is ngo sur un sav ie nl towi ut nh iot nhe wn ia tv hel to hf eth Ge odG sods i,\nn\nh sae ca rv ie fn i. c’ e[thV eed Si os mch a—e ],St ’—ud Wi ie ln soI n4 ., p. 4t H>9. e [4 S1 ot ma ak ]ei asnto kim ny smn aa nvel hat she bn ra ov ue gl htof usth ae\nkinsman [Surya].’ Lu—dwig. TheSage'soffspring aperiphrasisforthe Sage\nhimself, thatis, Soma. Ludwig.\n9 This stanzaisvery obscure. Ihave adopted Benfey’s explanation \\*&io\n4here follows an occasional interpretation of divor dyuloJca, given bythe\nScholiast, which identifiesitwith»thedronalcalasaorlarge hornet-trough. He\ntakesit asmeaning that theSun looks towardsthe placewhere the-Somalies\nwhileitispressed S&yana seems to interpretthis verse as meaningthat\nIndra views the Soma with —affectioneven afterithas been drunk by the\npriests [fixed in the heart].’ Cowell,in Wilson’s Translation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 920,
            "content": "—\n: :\n278 THB HYMNS OF [SOON IX.\n2 Together with thy pleasantjuice the Atharvans have com-\nmingled milk,\nDivine, devoted to the God.\n3 Bring, by thy flowing,weal to kine, weal to the people, weal\ntosteeds,\nWeal, 0 thou King, to growing plants.\n4 Singapraise-songtoSomabrown ofhue,ofindependentmight,\nThe Bed, who reaches up to heaven.\n5 Purify Soma when effused with stones which hands move\nrapidly,\nAnd pour the sweet milk in the meath.\n6 With humble homage draw ye nigh blend the libation with\n;\nthe curds:\nTo Indra offer Indu up.\n7 Soma, foe-queller, chief o’er men, doing the will of Gods,\npour forth\nProsperity upon our kine.\n8 Heart-knower,Sovranoftheheart,thouarteffused,0Soma,that\nIndra may drink thee and rejoice.\n9 0 Soma Pavamana, give us riches and heroic strength,\nIndu with Indra for ally.\n!\nHYMN XII. SomaPavamana.\nTo Indra have the Soma-drops, exceeding rich in sweets, been\npoured,\nShed in the seat of sacrifice.\n2 As motherkine low totheir calves, to Indra have the sages\ncalled,\nCalled him to drink the Somajuice.\n3 In the stream’s wave wise Somadwells, distilling rapture, in\nhis seat,\nBesting upon a wild-cow’s hide.\n4 Far-sightedSoma, Sage andSeer, is worshipped in thecentral\npoint\nOfheaven, the straining-clothof wool.\n2 TheAtharvans : tbepriests, whoperformtheduties oftheAdhvaryus.\n8 King theusualdesignation ofSomaintheBr&hmana. —\n4 TheKeel: kaddehidarunavarndya; ‘sometimes red-coloured/ Sftyana.\n8 Inthestream'swave: in thewater with which the stalks are sprinkled,\nWpona wild-cow's hide this, which is Benfey’s explanation of gaurt, seems\ntobe borne out by g6r adhi tvachi upon the ox-hide,of IX. 103. II.\nS&yana/ainterpretationi«different; 4to, achantin themiddletone/—Wilson,\ni Ofheaven: divah: see IX, 10. 0, andnote."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 921,
            "content": "—\n:: : :\nTSS\njStYSfM 13.] MltiVtibA.\n5 In close embraces Induholds Soma when poured within the\njars,\nAnd on the purifying sieve.\n6 Indu sends forth a vo'ce on high to regions of the sea of air,\nShaking the vase that drops with me&th,\n7 The Tree whose praises never fail yieldsheavenlymilk among\nour hymns,\nUrging men’s generations on.\n8 The Wise One, with the Sage’s stream, the Soma urged to\nspeed, flows on\nTo the dear places of the sky. #\n9 0 Pavamfi.ua, bring us wealth bright with a thousand splen-\ndours, yea,\n0 Indu, give us ready help.\nHYMN\nXIII, SoniaPavam&na.\nPassed through the fleece in thousand streams the Soma,\npurified, flows on\nTo Indra’s, Vayu’s special place.\n2 Singforth, ye menwholongforhelp, to PavamAna,totheSage,\nEffused to entertain the Oods.\n3 The Soma-drops with thousand powers arepurified furvictory,\nHymned to become the feastof Oods.\nA Yea, as thou flowest bring great store of food that we may\nwin the spoil\nIndu, bring splendid manly might,\n<5 May they in flowing give us wealth in thousands, and heroic .\npower,\nThese Godlike Soma-drops effused.\npla5 ntI ’n—du Coh wo el ld ls ’sSo nom ta\ne\nf Lth ue dwd ie git sy uge ge ee su ta ss tt ho atb Ie ndt uhu hs ero epp mos \\e yd beto tt hh ee Mom oe nr ,e\nas the time of important liturgical ceremonies depends upon the Moon’s\nphases. SoalsoHillebrandt, Y. I.,p.316.\n6 To regions oftheseaof air: orsamidrdsyah^remaymean, of the sea\norwater into which the Soma juice falls. Shaking: or, perhaps, stirring\n(withjoy). Thevase: 1:6mm: the dronakala&a, thelarge wooden vessel for\nholdingthejuice. Accordingto SA-y&na, who^interpretation I havefollowed\nin thefirst line, hdsamheremeansthecloud.\n7 The Tree: Soma. Men's generations sacrificial seasons, according to\nS4yana\n1 fndra’s VdyiCs special place the vessels especially prepared to hold\nlibationsint, endedforIndraand V&yu.\n—\n3 For victory: v&jas&taye: cfor the attainment of food.’ Wilson, So\nS to&y ba atn ta lei ,n is nta tn hz eas fir3 stan cld au4 se; wb hu et ri en l6 iet ih ne sew rto srd itais ftee rxp hl ia yi dn \"e fd lh tby urgm en dg ,rd anm .d dya b, y\nannaldbhdya, for theattainment-of food, in thesecondclause."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 922,
            "content": ": ::\nm\n?HE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX,\n6 Like coursers by their drivers urged, they were poured forth,\nfor victory,\nSwift through the woollen straining-cloth.\n7 Noisily flow the Soma-drops, like milch-kine lowing to their\ncalves\nThey have ran forth from both the hands.\n5 As Gladdener whom Indra loves, 0 Pavam&na, with a roar\nDrive all our enemies away.\n9 0 Pavamauas, driving off the godless, looking on the light,\nSit in the placeof sacrifice.\n- HYMN XIY. SomaPavamftna.\nItoosrNG on the river’s wave the Sage hath widely flowed\naround,\nBearing the hymn which many love.\n2 When the Five kindred Companies, active in duty, with the\nsong\nEstablish him, the Powerful,\n3 Theu in his juice whose strength is great, have all the Gods\nrejoiced themselves,\nWhen he hath clothed him in the milk.\n4 Freeinghimself heflows away,leaving hisbody’sseveredlimbs.\nAnd meets his own Companion here,\nh Heby thedaughtersof the priest, like a fair youth, hath been\nadorned,\nMaking the milk, as ’twere, his robe.\n6 O’er the fine fingers, through desire of milk, in windingcourse\nhe goes,\nAnd litters voice which he hath found. ^\n7 The nimble fingers have approached, adorning him the Lord\nof Strength\n:\nTheygrasp the vigorous Courser’s back.\n8 Witharoar; makingaloudnoisein dropping.\n1 Ontheriver'swave in thevasativartwaters, which are used toRprinkle\nthestalks Bearingthehi/mn ; Prof. GFelcluerexplainsthis as meaning, 1Bear-\ningaway tho muchcoveted prize,’ Soma beingregardedas acourseror race-\nhorse.^ See VeclischeStudien, L, p. 120.\nin2 coF min me ok nin bd yre rd epC reo sm ep na tn ai te is ves: r oe ffe tr hr ein fg i, vep Aro rb ya ab nly t, rit bo ess .ome sacrificeinstituted\n4 IBsown Companion Indra, Hemeets: this (sanguto hluwati)is S&yana's\nexplanation ofsmjighiiate; butitisnoteasy tosee howthe word can bear\nthis signification,\n65 D Wa hu ig ch hte hr es h: ato hr fg or ua nn ddd :au 1g wh ht ie cr hs t; hetb we orf sin hg ie pr ps. errecognizes.’—\n-Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 923,
            "content": ": : : :;\nffYMN 16;] TME MOV EDA. 281\nS Comprising all the treasures that are in the heavens and on\nthe earth,\nCome, Soma, as our faithful Friend,\nHYMN\nXV. Soma Pavam&na.\nThrough the fine fingers, with the song, this Hero comes with\nrapid cars,\nGoing to lndraJs special place,\n2 In holy thought he ponders much for the great worship of\nthe Gods,\nWhere the Immortals have their seat.\n3 Like a good horse is he led out, when on the path that shines\nwith light\nThe mettled steeds exert their strength.\n4 He brandishes his horns on high, and whets them, Bull who\nleads the herd,\nDoing with might heroic deeds.\n5 He moves, a vigorous Steed, adorned with beauteous rays of\nshining gold,\nBecoming Sovran of the streams.\n6 He, over places rough to pass, bringing rich treasures closely\npacked, „\nDescends into the reservoirs.\n7 Men beautify him in the vats, him worthy to be beautified,\nHim who brings forth abundant food.\n8 Him, even him, the fingers ten and the seven songs make\nbeautiful,\nWell-weaponed, best of gladdeners.\n* HYMN XVI. Soma Pavam&na.\nThe pressers from the Soma-press send forth thy juice for\nrapturous joy\nThe speckled sap runslike a flood.\n—\n1 Indra’s special place: fIndra’s abode.’ Wilson. In Hymn XIII. 1,\nnishkritdmisexplained by S&yanaasthevesselpreparedand setapart.\n3 Likea goodhorse .thetexthas oulyMtdh —which may meaneithergood\norplaced. fPlaced (in the cart) heisbrought.’ Wilson.\n4 Horns cf. IX. 5.2.\n5 Rays ofshininggold: astheMoon.\n6 Placesroughtopass thewool of thestrainer. SAyana gives a totally\ndifferentexplanationofthisstanza. SeeWilson’sTranslation. Ihavefollow-\ned Prof. Ludwig,\n8 Seven songs the songs ofthesevenpriests,\nan1 imF pr lo em meth ne tS oo rma a-p ver se ss es l,: co on ny sb ih s, tia nb glat oi fve twd oua pl ieco ef s,onS u, ses dig in nif tyi hn eg pa rp ep pa ar re an tt il ony"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 924,
            "content": ": ,\n282 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n2 With strength we follow through the sieve him who brings\nmightand wins the kine,\nEnrobed in water with his juice.\n3 Pouronthe sievetheSoma, ne’er subdued inwaters, waterless,\nAnd make it pure for Indra’s drink.\n4 Moved by thepurifier’sthought, the Somaflowsintothesieve\n:\nBy wisdom it hath gained its home.\n5 With humble homage, Indra,havetheSoma-drops flowed forth\nto thee,\nContending for the glorious prize.\n6 Purified in <his fleecy garb, attaining every beauty, he\nStands, hero-like, amid the kine.\n7 Swelling, as ’twere, to heights of heaven, the stream of the\ncreativejuice\nFalls lightly on the cleansing sieve.\n8 Thus, Soma, purifying him who knowethsong midlivingmen,\nThou wandorest through the cloth of wool.\nHYMN\nXVII. SomaPavam&ua,\nLike rivers down a steep descent, slaying the Vritras, full\nof zeal, #\nThe rapid Soma-streams have flowed.\n2 The drops ofSoma juice effused fall like the rain upon the\nearth :\nTo Indra flow the Soma-streams.\n3 With swelling wave the gladdening drink, the Soma, flows\ninto the sieve,\nLoving the Gods and slaying fiends.\n4 It hastens to the pitchers, poured upon the sieve it waxes\nstrong\nAtsacrifices through the lauds.\n5 Soma, thou shinest mounting heaven as ’twere above hght’s\ntriple realm,\nAnd moving seem’st to speed the Sun.\nof the Somajuice. Theword is said to be employedto denote, metaphori*\ncally, heaven and earth. *They who expresstbee, thejuice of heaven and\nearth.’-Wilson.\n3 Waterless: dnaptcwi, which S&yana explains by an&piam not reached,\norovertaken, byenemies. The meaningisnotclear.\n4 Itshome in the large wooden vessel called dronahUasa.\n5 Contendingforth—egloriousprize; likerace-horses. ‘Giving thee vigour\nforthegreatconflict.’ Wilson.\n5 Addressed toSomaas the Moon."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 925,
            "content": ": : :\nETYMN 19.] THE RIOVEDA '^83\n6 To him, the head of sacrifice, singers and bards have sung\ntheir songs,\nOffering what heloves to see.\n7 The men, the sageswiththeirhymns, eager for help, deckthee\nstrong steed,\nDeck thee for service of the Gods.\n8 Flow onward to the stream of meath rest efficacious in\n:\nthy home,\nFair, to be drunk at sacrifice.\nHYMN\nXVIII. Boma Pavamftn*.\n0\nThou, Soma, dweller on the hills, effused, hast flowed into\nthe sieve\n:\nAll-bouuteous art thou in carouse.\n2 Thou art a sacred Bard, a Sage ; the meath is offspring of\nthy sap\n:\nAll-bounteous art thou in carouse.\n3 All Deities of one accord have come that they may drink\nof thee\n:\nAll-bounteous art thou in carouse.\n4 He who containeth in his hands all treasures much to be\ndesired\n:\nA 11-bounteous art thou in carouse.\n5 Who milketh out this mighty Pair, the Earth and Heaven,\nlike motherkine\n:\nAll-bounteous art thou in carouse.\n6 Who in a moment mightily floweth around these two world-\nhalves : *\nAll-bounteous art thou in carouse.\n7 The Strong One, being purified, hath in the pitchers cried\naloud\n:\nAll-bounteous art thouin carouse.\nHYMN XIX. SomaPavam&na,\n0 Soma, being purified bring usthe wondrous treasure, meet\nFor lauds, that is in earth and heaven.\n6 The head of sacrifice the most important element of the ceremony.\nAccording to S&yana, atthehead, thatis, onthelastand most importantday\nof the effusion of the Somajuice. —Offerinf/whatheloves tosee £entertaining\naffection for him theall-beholding,’ Wilson.\n8 Meath : orhoney. Inthyhome inthe dvonakalasa ,\n—\n1 Dwellercm thehills: 1pressed betweenthe stones.’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 926,
            "content": ":::\n,2U THE HYMMS OF [BOOK IX.\n2 Forye Twaip, Indra, Soma, are Lords of the light, Lords of\nthe kine\nGreat Rulers, prosper ye our.songs.\n3 The tawny Steer, while cleansed among the living, bellowing\n-on the grass,\nHath sunk and settled in his home.\nA Over the Steer’s productive flow the sacred songs were\nresonant,\nThe mothers of the darling Son.\n5 Hathhe not, purified, impregnedthe kine who long to meet\ntheir Lol'd,\nThe kine who yield the shining milk ?\n6 Bring near us those who stand .aloof; strike fear into our\nenemies\n0 Pavam&na, find us wealth.\n7 Soma, bring down the foeman’s might, his vigorous strength\nand vital power,\nWhetherhebe afar or near.\nHYMltf XX. SomaPavatn&na,\nFort# through the -straining-cloth the Sage flows to the\nbanquet of the Gods,\nSubduing all our enemies.\n’2 For he, as Pavam&na, sends thousandfold treasure in the\nshape\nOf cattle to the singing-men.\n3 Thou -graspest-ali things with thy mind, -and purifiest thee\nwith thoughts\n:\nAs such, 0 Soma, find us fame.\n4 Pour lofty glory on us, send sure riches to our liberal lords,\nBring food to those who sing thy praise.\n5 As thou art cleansed, 0 Wondrous Steed, 0 Soma, thou hast\nentered, like\nA\npious King, into the songs.\n6 He, Soma, like a courser in the floods invincible, made clean\nWith hands, is resting.inthe jars.\n4 Hymns aresang overthe Soma-stream, and arecalled mothers ofthe\npreciousjuice becauseitis prepared whiletheyare sung.\n5 The Jane; the vasativarlwaters whichlongto minglewiththeSoma,\n—\n5 Steed: vahne *bearer(ofourofferings).’ Wilson.\n6 likeacourser; 1thebearer(of oblations)’.—Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 927,
            "content": ":: : ;\n&?MN 22.] HHE RIGVEDA . $85\n7 Disporting, like a liberalchief, thou goest, Soma, to the’sievg,..\nLending the laud a Hero’s strength.\nHYMN XXI. SomaPavamAna.\nTo Ind'ra flow these running drops, these Somas frolicsome in\nmood,\nExhilarating, finding light\n2 Driving off foes, bestowing room upon the presser, willingly\nBringing their praiser vital force.\n3 Lightlydisportingthem,thedropsflowto oneeommonreservoir,\nAnd fall into the river’s wave.\nr\n4 ThesePavam&nashaveobtainedallblessingsmuchtobedesired,\nLike coursers harnessed to a car.\n5 With view to us, 0 Soma-drops, bestow his manifold desire\nOn him who yet hath given us naught.\n6 Bring us our wish with this design, as awrightbringshis new-\nwrought wheel\nFlow pure and shining with the stream.\n7 These drops have cried with resonant voice : like swift steeds\nthey have run the course,\nAnd roused the good map’s hymn to life.\nHYMN XXII. SomaPavamftna'.\nThese rapid Soma-streams have stirred themselves to motion\nlike'strong steeds,\nLike cars, like armies hurried forth.\n2 Swift as wide winds they lightly move, like rain-storms of.\nPai^janya, like*\nThe flickering flames of burning fire.\n3 These Soma juices, blent with curds, purified, skilled in sa-\ncred hymns,\nHave gained by song their hearts’ desire.\n4 Immortal, cleansed, these drops, since first they flowed, have\nnever wearied, fain\nTo reach the region and their paths.\n7 Chief: S&yapaexplainsmakhdh byddniim , gift.\nthi5 ftT th hi es Ss ot ma an -z da ri os po sbs ac ru er pe, raa yn ed dS t& oy ea nn ra i’ cs hc to hm em ie nn st ta ir ty uti es oi fmp te hr efec st a. crifI it cese we hm os\nhasnotasyetrewarded thepriests.\nT Runthecourse reachedthedronhJcuLcisct,\nDie3 t,By exs po ln ag in: sv vi ipf pt as'b ty hekn to ww il ge sdg (e c, f.a vc ec po vr ed si )ng wht io chS& fya on ra m. th* eTh be otS tt o. mPe ot fer ts hh. e\nfunnelandsupportthefflteriug-oloth.’—Cowell, inWilsdnsTranslation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 928,
            "content": ": : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOH IX*\n- 5 Advoncing they have travelled o’er the ridges of the earth\nand heaven,\nAnd this the highest realm of all.\n6 Over the heights have they attained the highest thread that\nis spun out,\nAnd this which must be deemed most high.\n7 Thou, Soma, holdest wealth in kine which thou hast seized\nfrom niggard churls\n:\nThou calledstforth the outspun thread.\nHYMN XXIEL Soma Pavamfrna,\nSwift Soma*drops have been effused in stream of meath, the\ngladdening drink,\nFor sacred lore of every kind.\n2 Hitherto newer resting-place the ancient Living Ones are\ncome.\nThey made the Sun that he might shine.\n3 0 Pavamana, bring to us the nnsacrificing foeman’s wealth,\nAnd give us food with progeny.\n4 The living Somas being cleansed diffuse exhilarating drink,\nTurned to the vat which drips with meath.,\n5, Soma flows on intelligent, possessing sap andmightystrength,\nBrave Hero who repels the curse.\n6 For Indra, Soma ! thou art cleansed, a feast-companion for\nthe Gods\nIndu, thou fain wilt win us strength.\n7 When hehad drunken draughts of this, Indra smote down\nresistless foes :\nYea, smote them, and shall smite them still!\nHYMN\n. XXIY. SomaPavamAna.\nHitherward have the Somas streamed, the drops while they\nare purified\n:\nWhen blent, in waters they are rinsed.\n6 Or, ‘Streamsrushingdown havefilledthethreads, mostexcellent,spread\ndAo ecu .t c eo rb r ne edn die n ma g ot sh t to' h; S it & gh y ha at *n mais a, y‘t th h be e e,t .h atr she ra Led uas d d’o wf ih gJ1- suggests,: th: e1 p/ . l,) a- c. t ehiS s ofee w sn h ao i cr^ c ie h fijn cm eW uj s wd t ha io cbi] he\nisalsotobe held holy. Wilson translates the second line:—‘this rite ia\nglorified thereby.’\nthr7 eaF dr :om tn hi og uga hr ad stch cu alr ll es dao lr ouf dro atm tt hh ee oP ua tpi ss p, readTh so acu ric fa icl el .e ’d—st Wio lu st ont .heoutspun\n2JYcwerresting-place: a newly-prepared place of sacrifice. The ancient\nLiving One? the Soma-drops."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 929,
            "content": ":: ; -\nm\nItYMN 25 TEE RIGVEDA.\n-J\n2 The milk hath run to meet them like floods rushing down a\nprecipice\n:\nThey come to Indra, being cleansed.\n3 0 Soma Pavamana, thou art flowing to be Indra’s drink\n:\nThe men have seized and lead thee forth.\n4 Victorious, to bo hailed with joy, 0 Soma, flow, delighting\nmen,\nTo him who ruleth o’er mankind.\n5 Thou, Indu, when, effused by stones, tbou runnest to the\nfilter, ai't\nBeady for Indra’s high decree. *\n6 Flow on, best Vyitra-slayer • flow meet to be hailed with joyful\n1 lauds.\nPure, purifying, wonderful.\n7 Pure, purifying is he called the Soma of the meath effused.\nSlayer of sinners, dear to Gods.\nHYMN XXV. Soma Pavamana.\nGrrhjn-hued as one who giveth strength flow on for Gods to\n!\ndrink, a draught\nFor Vayu and the Marutjiost.\n2 0 Pavamana, sent bysong, roaring about thy dwelling-place.\nPass into Vayu as Law bids.\n3 The Steer shines with the Deities, dear Sage in his appointed\nhome,\nFoe-slayer, most beloved by Gods.\n4 Takingeach beauteous form, he goes, desirable, whilepurified,.\nThither where the Immortals sit.\n5 To Indra Soma flows, the Bed, engendering song, exceeding\nwrise,\nThe visitor of living men.\n4 Tohim lohoruletho'ermankind toIndra.\n5 Readyfor Indra's high decree Wilson, following S&yana, translates ;\nfan ample portion for Indra’s belly.’ See Bergaigne, La Religion V4dique t\nIII. 210 ff., for the meaningofdMm.au inthe Iiigveda.\n—\n2 Into Vdyu : into the vesselappropriatedtoV&yu Qftyana,\nor$ raT dh ie anR ted T.* ha erv vis sh id toh r; ofhe lr ie vie nx gpl ma ei nne :d db yy usS hf dt kyana tha es= md er ao nc ih na gm& on fa tk h, is shi wn oi rn dg\nis uncertain. The St.Petersburg Lexicon explains it as, conjointly with\nmen with human co-operation. Ludwig in his translation renders it by\n‘der;den lebenden besucht/ whovisits thelivingman\n;\nbutin his Comment-\nary suggests that itmay mean, during the whole of life. 4Constantly,'--\nWilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 930,
            "content": ": : ; :\nTEE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n6 Flow, beat exhilarator, Sage, flow to the filter in a stream'\nTo seat thee in the place of song.\nHYMN XXVI. SomaPavamdna.\nThe sages with the fingers’ art have dressedand decked*that\nvigorous Steed\nUpon the lap of Aditi.\n2 The kine have called aloudto him exhaustless with a thou-\nsand streams,\nTo Indu who supporteth heaven.\n3 Him, nourisher of many, Sage, creative Pavamana, they\nHave sent, by wisdom, to the sky.\n4 Him, dweller with Vivasvan, they with use of both armshave\nsent forth,\nThe Lord of Speech infallible.\n5 Him, green, beloved, many-eyed, the Sisters with the pressing-\nstones\nSend down to ridges of the sieve.\n6 0 Pavamana, Indu, priests hurry thee on to Indra, thee\nWho aidest song and cheerest him.\nHYMN XXYIL SomaPavamAna.\nThis Sage, exaltedby our lauds, flowsto the purifying cloth,\nScattering foes as he is cleansed.\n2 As giving power and winning light, for Indraandfor Y&yu he\nIspoured upon the filtering-cloth.\n3 The men conduct him, Soma, Steer, Omniscient, andthe Head\nof Heaven,\nEffused into the vats of wood.\n:\n6 Of song: arlcdsya; archaniyasyendrasya, of theadorable Indra, accord-*\ningtoSftyana. Arkaliastwomeaningsin the Bigveda(1) songor hym —n of\npraiseand(2)lightorsplendour. SeePischel, VedischeStudien ,X. pp. 23 26.\nX Aditi theearth.\n2 Thekine whosupplythemilkthatismixed with theSomajuice.\ni en xg\np4\nlt ao\niF\nn\"\nsthe\"\nword\na* s~ m.m: e1 an’ ie nar ge\nrm\nat sh se\noo\nrs\nf\ntac\nt\nor\nh\nfi ef vi ic\nb\nce\no\nes\ndy o.\nrOf imTb pho lt eh emSa\nt\ner\n.\nnm ts Pe:\nft\nob\ne\nrh ru\ns\nhv bi ouj lra dgh in:\nL\nga ec\nx\nwc io ocr ood dn-\nwHile‘itis beingcut. lordofspe —ech: makingmen eloquent.\n5 Many-eyed; ‘far-beholding.’ Wilson. The Sisters the fingers of the\nofficiatingpriest.\n3 Omniscient; or,* all-possessing. of wood ; vdneshu accoixling to\nBcnfey,intothe streamsof water."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 931,
            "content": ": ; ;\nm\nEYMN TEE R1QYEDA.\n29.] ..\n4 Longing for kine, longingfor goldhathInduPavam&nalowed,\nStill Conqueror, never overcome.\n5 This Pavam&na, gladdening draught, drops on the filtering-\ncloth, and then\nMounts up with Surya to the sky.\n6 ToIndrainthefirmamentthismightytawnySteerhathflowed,\nThis Indu, being purified.\nHYMN\nXXVIII. SomaPavamAna.\nUrged by the men, this vigorous Steed, Lord of the mind,\nOmniscient,\nHuns to the woollen straining-cloth. *\n2 Within the filter hath he flowed, this Soma for the Gods\neffused,\nEntering all their essences.\n3 He shines in beauty there, this God Immortal in his dwelling-\nplace,\nFoe-slayer, dearest to the Gods.\n4 Directedby the Sisters ten, bellowing on his way this Steer\nHuns onward to the wooden vats.\n5 This Pavamana, swift and strong, Omniscient, gave splendour\nto\nThe Sun and all his forms of light.\n6 This Soma, being purified, flows mighty and infallible,\nSlayer of sinners, dear to Gods.\nHYMN\nXXIX. SomaPavam&na.\nForward with mighty force have flowed the currents of this\nSteer effused,*\nOf him who sets him by the Gods.\n2 The singers praise him withtheir song, and learned priests\nadorn the Steed,\nBrought forth as lightthat merits laud.\n3 These things thou winnestlightlywhile purified, Soma, Lord\nof wealth :\nFill full the sea that claims our praise.\n4 Longingforlane; wlio supplymilkto mixwith the Somajuice. Gold;\nworn ou thefingerof the priest who presses out thejuice. Lowed; made\nanoiseindropping.\n5 Mountsup as theMoon.\n1 Who setshimlythe Gods or, who decorates the Gods. ‘Who seeks to\nsurpassthe gods.’—Wilson.\n3 Thesethings«' forwhichwepray. Thesea, the Soma-vatorreservoir.\n19"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 932,
            "content": ":: :\n290 THE HYMNS OF IBOOK IX.\n4 Winning all precious things at once, flow on, 0 Soma, with\nthy stream\n:\nDrive to one place our enemies.\n5 Preserve us from the godless, from ill-omened voice of one\nand all,\nThat so we may be freed from blame.\n6 0 Indu, as thou flowest on bring usthe wealth of earth and\nheaven,\nAnd splendid vigour, in thy stream.\nHYMN\nXXX. Soma Pavam&na.\nStreams ofthis Potent One have flowed easily to the strain-\ning-cloth\n:\nWhile he is cleansed he lifts his voice.\n2 Indu,byprossevsurgedtospeed,bellowingoutwhilebeautified,\nSends forth a very mighty sound.\n3 Pour on us, Soma, with thy stream man-conquering might\nwhich many crave,\nAccompanied with hero sons.\n4 Hither hath Pavamanaflowed,Somaflowedhitherin a stream,\nTo settle in the vats of wood.\n€ ,\n5 To waters with the stones they drive thee tawny-hued, most\nrich in sweets,\n0 Indu, to be Indra’s drink.\n6 For Indra,fortheThundererpressthe Somaveryrich insweets.\nLovely, inspiriting, for strength.\nHYMN XXXI. Soma.Pavamdna.\nThe Soma-drops, benevolent, come forth'as they are purified.\nBestowing wealth which all may see.\n2 0 Indu, high o'er heaven and earth be thou, incroaser of our\nmight\nThe Master of all strength be thou.\n3 The winds are gracious in their love to thee, the rivers flow\nto thee\nSoma, they multiply thy power.\n5 Ill-omenedvoice;svanflt,explainedbySfiyariaas-mbdftrrindivUyd*.somv-l\norwordintheformof blame; theraging fury of tlie dem-..:: or the vodiova\nman, accordingto Grassmann.\n2 A verymightysound or, asoundwhich Indraloves.\n1 Wealthwhichallmaysee: fintellectualwealth/—Wilson.\n3 Thewinds; cl ‘Vdyuis Soma’s guardian God’ (X.85. 5)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 933,
            "content": ": : : : : :\nHYMN\n32*]\nthe riqyeb\na. 291\n4 Soma,waxgreat. Fromevery side may vigorouspowersunite\nin thee\n:\nBe in the gathering-place of strength.\n5 For thee, brown-hued ! the kine have poured imperishable oil\nand milk\nAloft on the sublimest height.\n6 Friendship, 0 Indu, we desire with thee who bearest noble\narms,\nWith thee, 0 Lord of all that is.\nHYMN\nXXXII. SomaPavamdna.\nThe rapture-shedding Soma-drops, effused m* our assembly,\nhave\nFlowed forth to glorify ourprince.\n2 Then Trita’s Maidens onward urge the Tawny-coloured with\nthe stones,\n•\nIndu for Indra, for his drink.\n.\n3 Now like a swan he maketh all the company sing each his\nhymn\n:\nHe, like a steed, is bathed in milk.\n4 0 Soma, viewing heaven and earth, thou runnest like a dart-\ning deer »\n:\nSet in the place of sacrifice.\n5 The cows have sung with joy to him, even as awoman to her\nlove\nHe came as to a settled race.\n6 Bestow illustriousfameonus,both onourliberallordsandme,\nGlory, intelligence, and wealth.\n4 This stanza has occurred*before. SeeI. 91. 16. .Beinthegatheringplace\nof strength bethecentral pointandsourceof allpower.\nrai5 n.Th Oe rJc ti hne e; coof wst whe hoclo su ud ps p, lythe miw lat ker fs o.\nr\ntO hi ela ln ibd atm ii ol nk mas ywee bt ean ind tf ee nr dt ei dli ,zi in ng\nwhichcase {thesublimest* wouldbetheplaceof sacrifice.\n1 Ourprince thenoblewho institutesthesacrifice.\n2 Trita's Maidens thefingers of thepriest. See IX. 38. 2,\n3 Likeaswan: asasentinelhansa (swan,wild-goose,or flamingo) at the\nappro —ach of dangersounds a note of alarm which is answered by all the\nrest. Ludwig. — —\n\\\nq* -- taktah with *thou/ Soma, and explainsitby\n\\. '\n'.\n;\n\"\n'\n*&q s, wn i, ftb .’eing mixed with milk, curds,etc. Etee-\nbro5 ugC ho tws to: rp ura nis aes —r, aca ecc to hr ad tin hg asto bS ef et nyau aa r. ranA ges d.to a fs Ae sttl aed hr ea rc oe haa ss tea nsho tr ose thi es\nwelcome contest.’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 934,
            "content": "; :; : ; ;: : »\n292 TMB HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\nHYMN XXXIII. SomaPavam&na.\nLike waves of waters, skilled in song the juices of the Soma\nspeed\n-Onward, as buffaloes to woods.\n2 With, stream of sacrifice the brown bright drops have flowed\nwith strength in store\nOf ki-ne into the wooden vats.\n3 To Indra, Vayu, Yaruna, to Vishnu, and the Maruts, flow\nThe drops of Soma juice effused.\n4 Three severalwords are uttered kine are lowing, cows who\n:\ngive thehmilk\n:\nThe Tawny-hued goes bellowing on.\n5 The yoimg and sacredmothers of the holy rite have uttered\npraise\nThey decorate the Child of Heaven.\n6 From every side, 0 Soma, for our profit, pour thou forth\nfour seas\nFilled full of riches thousandfold.\nJHYMN- XXXIY. SomaPavam£na.\nThe drop of Soma juice effused flojvs onward with this stream\nimpelled,\nBending strongplaces, with its might.\n2 Poured forth, to Indra, Yaruna, to V&yu and the Marut host,\nTo Vishnu, flows the Soma juice.\n3 With stones theypress the Soma forth, the Strong conducted\nby the strong\nThey milk the liquor outwithskill.\n4 JTis he whom Tritamust refine, ’tis he who shall make Indra\nglad\nThe Tawny Oneis decked with tints.\nkin4 dsT ,hr fe re omse tve hr eal tw ho rr ed es Veda ac sc .ord *in Tg heto prS i& ey sa tn sa n, ttt er rivi td hh eds tt hu rt ei eh\n,\nsp ar ca ri es de to ef xtt sh .r ’e—e\nWilson. Probablythreetripletschantedduringthe ceremony. See Bergaigne,\nI. 288-\n5 Mothers of the holy rite apparently, the cowswho supply milkfor\nlibations. TheChildofHeaven ; theSoma, which, according to a textquoted\nbyS&yana, *wasinthethirdheavenfromhence.’\n6 Fourseas imaginaryseas,to correspondwiththefourquartersofheaven.\n1 Strong 'places the strongholds of enemies, thefiendB whowithhold the\nrain.\n4 Trita thepreparerofthe Celestial Soma."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 935,
            "content": ";\nm\nHYMN 36.] THE RiaVEHA.\n5 Him do theSons of Prism milk, thedwelling-placeof sacrifice,\nOblation lovely and most dear.\n6 To him in one united stream these songs flow on straight\nforward he,\n:\nLoud-voiced, hath made the milch-ldne low.\nHYMN XXXV. SomaPavamdna.\nPoue forth on us abundant wealth, 0 Pavamana, with thy\nstream,\nWherewith thou mayest And us light.\n2 0 Indu, swayer of the sea, shaker ofall things, flow thou on,\nBearer of wealth tous with might. «\n3 With thee for Hero, Valiant One may we subdue our ene-\n!\nmies\n:\nLet what is p1recious flow to us.\n4 Indu arouses strength, the Sage who strives for victory,\nwinning power,\nDiscovering holy works and means.\n5 Mover of speech, werobe himwith our songs as he is purified,\nSoma, the Guardian of the folk\n6 On whose way, Lord of Holy Law, most rich, as he is purified,\nThe people all haveset*their hearts.\nHYMN XXXVI. SomaPavam&na.\nFoeth from the mortar is the juice sent, like a car-horse, to\nthe sieve\n:\nThe Steed steps forward to the goal.\n2 Thus, Soma, watchful, bearing well, cheering the Gods, flow\npast the sieye,\nTurned to the vat that drops with meath.\n5 2? ' *~T7‘**tv -;-- -f sacrifice:the Soma-plant containswithin itselfthe\nc oh pi me ef ntofits' na' ture.—. Lu.dwa in gd .the preparationof thejuiceis onlythedevel-\n2 Thesea: thereservoirof Somajuice.\n4 Di—scovering holy works and means: {acquainted withsacred rifesapd\narms.’ Wilson.\n6 Onwhoseway : onwhose statutesordecrees.\n1 To the goal: kftrshman: apparently, alineor furrowdrawn across the\nendof the race-course. InI. 116. 17, S&yanaexplainsMrshmanasapiece\nof woodservingasagoal, butinthis place he takesitto mean, 1the God-\nattracting battle-fieldcalledasacrifice/ devdndrtidlcarshanavatiyajndkhyesang*\nrdme. See Cowell’snotein Wilson’s Translation,\n2 Thevat; the dronakalasa."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 936,
            "content": ": :\n294 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n3 Excellent Pavam&na, make the lights shine brightly out\nfor ns\n:\nSpeed us to mental power andskill.\n4 He, beautified by pious men, and coming from their hands\nadorned,\nFlows through the fleecy straining-cloth.\n5 May Soma pour all treasures of the heavens, the earth, the\nfirmament\nUpon the liberal worshipper.\n6 Thou mountest to the height of heaven, 0 Soma, seeking\nsteeds and kine,\nAnd seeking heroes, Lord ofStrength\n!\nHYMN XXXVIL SomaPavamAna.\nSoma,theSteer,effusedfordraught,flowstothepurifyingsieve,\nSlaying the fiends, loving the Gods.\n2 Far-sighted, tawny-coloured, he flows to the sieve, intelligent,\nBellowing, to his place of rest.\n3 This vigorous Pavam&;ia runs forth to the 1uminous realm of\nheaven,\nFiend-slayer, through the fleecy sieve.\n4 ThisPavamfinaupaboveTrita’shighridge hathmadetheSun,\nTogether with the Sisters, shine.\n5 This Vritra-slaying Steer, effused, Soma, room-giver, ne’er\ndeceived,\nHath gone, as ’twere, to win the spoil.\n6 Urged onward by the sage, the God speeds forward to the\ncasks of wood, _ -\nIndu to Indra willingly.\nHYMN XXXVIIL SomaPavam&na.\nTins Steer, this Chariot, rushes through the woollen filter,\nas he goes\nTo war that wins a thousand spoils.\n—\n21 F Ino tr eld lr ia geu ng tht o: rp ,it ed ny de o; wef dfor wit th he sd tr ri en nk gi tn hg .(ofthegods)/ Wilson.\n4 Tritit’shigh ridge: accordingto Ssiyana, cthehigh place(of thesacrifice)\nof Trita’ theliishi. Battheheavenlyhome ofTrita, thecelestialpreparer of\nthe SomaforIndra, isintended. TheSis—ters; theDawns.\nfi Willingly; mahhdnd ‘plenteously.’ Ludwig. *In hismight.’—Cowell.\n1 Towarthatwinsathousandspoils: moreliterally, to thousandfoldbooty,\nordeedofmight,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 937,
            "content": "; : :\nHYMN 39.] THE RIOVEDA. 295\n2 The Dames of Trita with the stones onward impel this\nTawny One,\nIndu to Indra for his drink.\n3 Ten active fingers carefully adorn him here they make him\n;\nbright\nAnd beauteous for the gladdening draught.\n4 He like a falcon settles down amid the families of men,\nSpeeding like lover to his love.\n5 This young exhilarating juice looks downward from its place\nin heaven,\nThis Soma-drop that-pierced the sieve.\n6 Poured for the draught, this tawny juice flows forth, intel-\nligent, crying out,*\nUnto the well-beloved place.\nHYMN XXXIX. SomaPavain&na.\nFlow on, 0 thou of lofty thought, flow swift in thy beloved\nform,\nSaying, I go where dwell the Gods.\n2 Preparing what is unprepared, and bringing store of food\nto man,\nMake thou the rain despond from heaven.\n3 With might, bestowing power, the juice enters thepurifying\nsieve,\nFar-seeing, sending forthitslight.\n' 4 This is it which in rapid course hath with the river’s wave\nflowed down\nFrom heaven upon the straining-cloth.\n5 Inviting him from far away, and even from nearat hand, the\nuice\nj\n* For Indra is poured forth as meath.\n6 In uniontheyhavesung the hymn; with stones they urgethe\nTawny One.\nSit in the place ofsacrifice.\n2 The Damesof Trita; as Tritaisthe celestial purifier of tlie Soma, the\nfingerso! the earthly purifiers are called his dames, or hismaidens asin\nIX. 32.*2.\n5 From itsplacein heaven; ordivdth, may bethegenitive ease, taken with\nsfsuh, the Child of Heaven, asin IX. 33. 5.\n*6 Thewell-belovedplace the dronakalasaorvatin whichitrests.\n2 Preparingwhatis unprepared 4consecratingtheuuconsecratedworship-\nperorplace/ is Sf—tyana’sexplanation.\n0 Sit 0 Gods. S&yana."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 938,
            "content": ": : : : ::\nm\nTEE HYMNS OP [BOOK IX\nHYMN\nXL. Soma PaVam&na.\nThe VeryActive hath assailed, while purified, all enemies.\nThey deck the Sage with holy songs.\n2 The Redhath mounted tohis place toIndragoes the mighty\n;\njuice\nHe settles in his firm abode.\n3 0 Indu, Soma, send us now great opulence from every side,\nPour on us treasures thousandfold.\n4 0 Soma Pavam&na, bring, Indu, all splendours hitherward\nFind for us food in boundless store.\n5 Asthou arte-cleansed, bring hero strength and riches to thy\nworshipper,\nAnd prosper thou the singer’s hymns.\n6 0 Indu, Soma, being cleansed, bring hither riches doubly-\npiled,\nWealth, mighty Indu, meet for lauds.\nHYMN XLI. SomaPavam&na.\nActive and brighthave they come forth, impetuous in speed\nhke bulls,\nDriving the black skin far away,\n2 Quelling the riteless Dasyu, may we think upon the bridge of\nbliss,\nLeaving the bridge of woe behind.\n3 The mightyPavamaua’sroaris heard as’twere therush ofrain\n:\nLightnings are flashing to the sky.\n4 Pour out on us abundant food, when thou artpressed, 0 Indu,\nwealth\nIn kine and gold and steeds and spoil.\n5 Flowon thy way, MostActive, thou : fill full the mighty heav-\nens and earth,\nAs Dawn, as Sfirya with his beams.\n2 TheBed: Soma. His place: thedronahalasd, or reservoir. His firm\nabode: heaven.\nr ^ ,,V -,T-7. dvibdrhasam according to S%ana, 'from both worlds,\ni.\n1 They theSomajuices. Theblackskin meaning, apparently, both the\nblackpall orcoveringof nightandtheR&kshasas or dark-skinnedDasyus or\nhostileaborigines.\n3 Thecleansingof theterrestrialSomaisidentified with the purification\nof thecelestialnectaraccompaniedbyrain and lightning. See Hillebrand/t.\nF. M. 343, 362."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 939,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN THE RIQ7EDA. 297\n48.]\n6 On every side, 0 Sonia, flow round us with thy protecting\nstream,\nAs Kasa flows around the world.\nHYMN XLIL SomaPavam&na.\nEngendering the Sun in floods, engendering heaven’s lights,\ngreen-lmecl,\nBobed in the waters and the milk,\n2 According to primeval plan thisSoma, with his stream, effused\nFlows purely on, a God for Gods.\n3 For him victorious, waxen great, the juices with a thousand\npowers\nAre purified for winning spoil.\n4 Shedding the ancientfluid he is pouredintothe cleansingsieve:\nHe, thundering, hath produced the Gods.\n5 Soma, while purifying, sends hither all things to be desired,\nHe sends the G ds who strengthen Law.\n9\n6 Soma, effused, pour on us wealth in kine, in heroes, steeds,\nand spoil,\nSend us abundant store of food.\n.Hl^MN XLIII. Soma Pavamdna.\nWe will enrobe with sacred song the Lovely One who, as a\nSteed,\nIs decked with milk for rapturous joy.\n2 All songs of ours desiring grace adorn him in the ancient way,\nIndu for Indra, for his drink.\n3 Soma flows ou when purified, beloved and adornedwith songs,\nSongs ofthe sage Medhy&tithi.\n4 0 Soma Pavamfina, find exceeding glorious wealth for us,\nWealth, Indu, fraught with boundless might,\n5 Like courser racing to the prize Indu, the lover ofthe Gods,\nRoars, as he passes, in the sieve.\n6 Rasd a mythicalstream that flows round theatmosphere andtheearth.\nSeeV. 41. 15, andX. 108. 1.\nlh41 avaHI nn a tt if hl ;oo p wd rs ho ed rui ecn e St d oh te mhe aw Ga iot sde esr f:s fuo y san edth ,ri a tg s hh o em r;o ein ’ tb ht h eh ie gs oMf dyi sar tm cea onm t se a tn t art na. td le yvd am ppy ea at r.a —m Sp &r yd ad nu ar .-\n1 As asteed—isbathedinwater. Forrapturousjoy: ‘fortheexhilaration\n(of thegods),’ Wilson.\n8 Medhydtithi the Eishiof thehymn. —\n5 Racing totheprize; vdjasrlt ; 'rushinginto battle. Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 940,
            "content": ": : ::::\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX\n6 Flow on thy way to win us strength, to speed the sage who\npraises thee\nSoma, bestow heroic power.\nHYMN XLIY. SomaPavam&na.\nIfdu, to us for this,great rite, bearing as ?twere thy wave to\nGods,\nUnwearied, thou art flowing forth.\n2 Pleased with the hymn, impelled by prayer, Soma is hurried\nfar away,\nThe Wise One in the Singer’s stream.\n3 Watchful among the Gods, this juice advances to the cleans-\ning sieve\n;\nSoma, most active, travels on.\n4 Flow onward, seeking strength for us, embellishing the sacri-\n1 fice:\nThe priest with trimmed grass calleththee.\n5 May Soma, ever bringing power to Bhaga and to Vayu, Sage\nAnd Hero, lead us to the Gods.\n6 So,toincrease ourwealthto-day, Inspirer, best ofFurtherers,\nWin for us strength and high renown.\nHYMN XLY. SomaPavamAna.\nFlow, thou whoviewest men, to givedelight, to entertain the\nGods,\nIndn, to Indra for his drink.\n2 Stream to thine embassyfor us thouhastenest, for Indra, to\n:\nThe Gods, 0 better than our friends.\n3 We balm* thee, red of hue, with milk to fi-i t theefor the rap-\nturous joy\n:\nUnbar for us the doors of wealth.\n—\n6 Heroicpower 'excellentmaleoffspring.’ \"Wilson.\n—\nForthisgreatrite 'togiveusabundant wealth.’ Wilson. Umoearied;\nai/ffxyah accordingto Sftyana, this is—the name of the Bishi : 'Aytlsya\n(goeth) towardsthegods (insacrifice).’ Wilson,\n2 Thouhastenest Srtyanagivesadifferentexplanation of this part of the\nstanza ; <thou —(who) artdrunk forIndra, (pour) onthe gods wealth for (us\ntheir)friends.’ Wilson. I haveadoptedLudwig’siuterpretation.\ntur3 ouW se joh ga :lm mlth de de y}ared fo ff orh tu he e: po ur r, p' oY se ea, ofw ee xha id lo arr an tit oh ne .e ’,—r We id l. s’ on,For the rap-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 941,
            "content": "—\n: ; ;\n'\nf HYMN 40.] THE DIGVEDA. 299\n4 He through the sieve hath passed, as comes a courser to the\npole, to run ’\n:\nIndu belongsunto the Gods.\n5 All friends have lauded him as hesports in the wood, beyond\nthe fleece\n:\nSingers have chanted Indu’s praise.\n6 Flow, Indu, with that stream wherein steeped thou announc-\nest to the man\nWho worships thee heroic strength.\nHYMN XLYI. SomaPavamAna.\nLike able coursers they have been sent forth be the feast\nof Gods,\nJoying in mountains, flowing on.\n2 To Yayu flow the Soma-streams, the drops of juice made\nbeautiful\nLike a bride dowered by her sire.\n3 Pressed in the mortar, these, the drops of juice, the Somas\nrich in food,\nGive strength to Indra with their work.\n4 Deft-handed men, run hither, seize the brilliant juices blent\nwith meal,\nAnd cook with milk the gladdening draught.\n5 Thus, Soma, Conqueror of wealth flow, finding furtherance\n!\nfor us,\nGiver of ample opulence.\n6 This Pavamana, meet to be adorned, the fingers ten adorn,\nThe draught that shall make Indra glad.\n4 To thepole themeaningof dhuramhereisnot clear, andthecompari-\nsonisnotobvious. ‘Asa horseingoing passes thesh—aft (of thechariot).’\n.Wilson. ‘As a horse (presses) through the yoke,’ Grassmann. Ludwig\nsuggests ‘hedge’ or*barrier’ astheprobable meaning of the word in this\nplace.\n5 Inthewood, beyondthefleece; whenhehas passed through the woollen\nstrainerand fallenintothewooden trough or vat. Singers: ndvflh: shouts\nof joy, accordingtotheSt. Petersburg Lexicon.\n1 Theyhavebeensentforth: dsrigran (effusi sunt)isapplicablebothtothe\neffused Soma-dropsand to horses loosed or started for a race. Joying in\nmountains comingfrom plantsgrownonhills.\n2 Dowered by her sire meaning, perhaps, possessedof propertyinherited\nfromherfather.\nad4 ualD ,ef mt a- yhan hd ac vd e: bs eu eh nas tt hy ea oh ric ga in nn ao lt reb ae dis na gt .isfa Sc eto eril Ly udac wc io gu ’n ste Cd omf mo er. nt-S au rh ya ,s Yt oy ld .,\nV., pp. 347; 348."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 942,
            "content": "—\n: ; : : : ;\n306 THEHYMNS OF {BOOK tX.\nHZMN XLVIL Soma PavamAna.\n,\nGreat as he was, Soma hath gained strength by this high,***\nsolemnity\n:\nJoyous he riseth like a bull-\n2 His task is done : his crushings of the Dasyus are made\nmanifest\nHe sternly reckoneth their debts.\n3 ‘Soon as his song of praise is born, the Soma, Indra’s juice,\nbecomes\nA\nthousand-winning thunderbolt.\n* £ Seer and S^istainer, he himself desirethriches for the sage\nWhen he embellisheth his songs.\n5 Fainwouldtheybothwinrichesasinracesofthesteeds. Inwar\nThou art upon the conquerors’ side.\nHYMN XLVIII. Soma PavamAna.\nWith sacrifice we seek to thee kind Cherisher of manly might\nIn mansions of the loftyheavens\n2 Gladdening, crusherofthebold, ruling with verymightysway,\nDestroyer of a hundred forts.\n3 Hence, Sapient One the Falcon, strong of wing, unwearied,\n!\nbrought thee down,\nLord overriches, from the sky.\n6 That each may see the light, the Bird brought us the guard\nof Law, the Friend\nOf all, the speeder through the air.\n5 And now, sent forth, it hath attained to mighty power and\nmajesty,\nMost active, ready to assist.\n—\n1 Riseth: or,roareth. SabdamIcaroti. SAyapa. ”*\n2 lie stern—lyreckoneth theirdebts: 1resolutehe acquits thedebts (of the\nworshippei').* Wilson.\n3 A thousand-winning thunderbolt all-powerfultoslaythe wickedandto\nreward worshippers,\n4 Sustainer IfollowLudwigintakingvidhartdrias anominative singular.\nButsee Cowell'snotein Wilson’sTranslation. —\n5 They both: Soma and the sageorsinger. Ludwig. SAyanainterprets\nthestanza differently : 4Thou desiresttogivewea—lth tothose whoconquer\nincombatas (menofferfodder)tohorsesin battle.’ Wilson.\n—\n1 KindCherisherofmanlymight: (auspiciousbearingwealth.’ Wilson.\n2 Hundredforts:cf. IV. 26. 3.\n3 TheFalcon: seeIV. 26 and27.\n4 TheFriendofall or, thecommon po—ssession. Thespeeder through the\nair; rajasHram 4theshowererofwater.’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 943,
            "content": ": : :: : :\nHYMN 50,] THE RIGYEHA . SOI\nHYMN\nXLIX. SomaPavam&na.\nPour down the rain upon us, pour a wave of waters from the\nsky,\nAnd plenteous store of wholesome food.\n2 Flow onward with that stream of thine, whereby the cows\nhave come to us,\nThe kine of strangers to our home.\n3 Chief Friend of Gods in sacred rites, pour on us fatness with\nthy stream,\nPour down on us a flood of rain.\n4 To give us vigour, with thy stream run through the fleecy\nstraining-cloth\n:\nFor verily the Gods will hear.\n5 Onward hath Pavam&na flowed and beaten off the Rakshasas,\n4\nFlashing out splendour as of old. *\nPIYMN L. SomaPa-vam&na.\nLoud as a river’s roaring wave thy powers have lifted up\nthemselves\nUrge on thine arrow’s sharpened point.\n2 Atthineeffusionupwardrisethree voicesfullofjoy,whenthou\nFlowest upon the fleecy ridge.\n3 On to the fleece they urge with stones the tawny well-beloved\nOne,\nEven Pavamana, dropping meath.\n4 Flow with thy current to the sieve, 0 Sage most powerful to\ncheer,\nTo seat thee in the place of song.\n5 Flow, Most Exhilarating flow anointed with the milk for\n!\nbalm,\n* Indu, for Indra, for bis drink.\n—\n4 TheGodswillhear thesoundthatthoumakestin flowing. S&yana.\n5 Flashingoutsplendouras ofold: or, Makinglightsshineaserstthey\nshone.’\n1 Urgeon thinearrow'ssharpenedpoint: vdndsyaehodaydpavim apparent-\nlyaboldmetaphoricalexpressionfor 4makeanoiselikethat of—a discharged\narrow.’ 4Emit thy sound like that of a (rushiug) arrow.’ Wilson. Or\nvdndsyamay mean of(thy)reed,pipe, flute,orothermuksicalinstrument, and\nS&yanaexplainspavim bysubdam. Benfey accordingly (S&maveda, II. 5, 1,\n5. 1.) rendersthepassage : 4Erhebe deinerMoteSchall,’ 4Liftup the music’\n;of thyflute.’ Accordingto Hillebrandt, V. M., I. p. 43, the reed or arrow\nmeans thesharp-pointedstalkof theSoma-plant.\n2 Threevoicesfullofjoy or, three sever—al joyful words. See IX. 33, 4.\nThefleecyridge 4thesummitof thefleece.’ Wilson. —\n4 In theplaceofsong see IX 25. 6. tOnIndra’slap.’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 944,
            "content": ": : :\n302 TUB HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\nHYMN\nLI. SomaPavamftaa.\nAdhvaryu, on the filter pour the Soma juice expressed with\nstones,\nAnd make it pure for Indra’s drink.\n2 Pour outfor Indra, Thunder-armed, the milk of heaven, the\nSoma’s juice,\nMost excellent, most rich in sweets.\n3 These Gods and all the Marut host, Indu ! enjoy this juice of\nthine,\nThis Pavamana’s flowing meath,\n4 For, Soma, thou hast been effused, strengthening for the wild\ncarouse,\n0 Steer, the singer, for our help.\nj5 Flowwiththystream, Far-sighted One,effused, into the cleans-\ning sieve\nFlow on to give us strength and fame.\nHYMN LII. SomaPavam&na.\nWealth-winner, dwelling in the sky, bringing us vigour with\nthe juice,\nFlow to the filter when effused. '\n2 So, in thiue ancient ways, may he, beloved, with a thousand\nstreams\nBun o’er the fleecy straining-cloth.\n3 Him who is like acaldron shake : 0 Indu, shake thygiftto us\nShake it, armed Warrior ! with thine arms.\n4 Indu, invoked with many a prayer, bring down the vigourof\nthese men,\nOf him who threatens us with war.\n5 Indu, Wealth-giver, with thine help pour outforus ahundred,\nyea,\nA thousand of thypure bright streams.\n—\n4 For thewildcarouse: *forspeedy exhilaration.’ Wilson.\n2 Mayhe thejuice,regardedasdistinctfrom Somawhois addressed.\n3 Himwhois Weeacaldron beatorbruisethe Soma thatisfull of juice\nas acaldronisof water. Withthinearms : or,withtheblows(ofthepressing-\nstones). Themeaningof thesecond and third ‘shake’ seems to be ‘send\nsr wap ii fd tl -y f. l’ owin‘ g(S (o Sm oa m) a, )s ,e sn ed n( dus i) twh ii tm hw bh loo wsis (l oi fke ta hepo st t; onI en sd )u ., ’s —e Wn id lsu os n.now Prw oe fa el st sh or;\nGrassmannsaysthatby *himwhois like a caldron’ the wealthy enemy is\nintended, whosepossessionsaretobepouredoutuponthepiousworshippers."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 945,
            "content": ": :: ; : : : : •\nHYMN 55.] THE RIGYEDA. 803\nHYMN LIII. SomaPavam&na.\n0 thou with stones for arms, thy powers, crushing the fiends,\nhave raised themselves\n:\nChase thou the foes who compass us.\n2 Thou conquerest thus with might when car meets car, and\nwhenthe prize is staked :\nWith fearless heart .will I sing praise.\n3 No one with evil thought assails this Pavam&na7s ho]y laws:\nCrush him who fain would fight with thee.\n•\n4 For Indra to the streams they drive the tawny rapture-drop-\nping Steed, >\nInduthe bringer of delight.\n• HYMN LIY. Soma Pavamdna.\nm\nAfter hia ancient splendour, they, the bold, have drawn the\nbright*milk from\nThe' Sage whowins a thousand gifts.\n2 In aspect he is like the Sun he runneth forwardtothe lakes,\n;\nSeven currents flowing through the sky.\n3 He, shi —ning in his splendour, stands high over all things that\nexist ^\nSoma, a God as Surya is.\n4 Thou, Indu, in thy brilliancy, ponrest on us, asIndra’sFriend,\nWealth from the kine to feast the Gods.\nHYMN\nLY. SomaPavam&na.\nPouronus withthyjuiceallkindsofcorn, eachsortofnourish-\nment,\nAnd, Soma, al?felicities.\n2 As thine, 0 Indu, is the praise, and thine what springeth from\nthe juice,\nSeat thee on the dear sacred grass.\n1 Withstonesfor arms: adrivah generally an appellative of Indra, the\nslinger orcasterof thestoneor thunderbolt; here, according to Sftyana,—\ngnlvavansoma, 0 Soma, possessor of,thatis,expressed by,thestones.\n2 Whencarmeetscar inbattle. Whentheprizeisstaked in thechariot-\nrace orthereferencemaybealsotobattle.\n;\n4 To thestreams thevasattvart waters.\n1 They , thehold; theSoma-pressers. TheSage or Hishi ; Soma.\n2 Thelakes ofair. Seven currents corresponding to the seven earth—ly\nrivers. *Heunites with the seven down-descending rivers of heaven/\nWilson.\n4 Fromthekine consistingofmilk,curds, etc."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 946,
            "content": "—\n: ; :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n3 And, finding for us kine and steeds, 0 Soma, with thy juici\nflow on\nThrough days that fly most rapidly.\n4 As one who conquers, ne’er subdued, attacks and slays the\nenemy,\nThus, Vanquisher of thousands flow.\n!\nHYMN LVI. SomaPavam&na.\n.\nSwiftto the purifying sieve flows Soma as exalted Law,\nSlaying the fiends, loving the Gods.\n2 When Soma pours the strengthening food a hundred ever-\nactive stYearns\nTo Indra’s friendship win their way.\n3 Ten Dames have sung to welcome thee, even as a maiden\ngreets her love\n0 Soma, thou art decked to win.\n4 Flowhitherward, 0 Indu, sweettoIndraand toVishnu guard\n:\nThe men, the singers, from distress*\nHYMN\nLVII. SomaPavam&na.\nThy streams that neverfail or waste flow forth like showers\nof rain from heaven,\nTo bring a thousand stores of strength.\n2 He flows beholding onhis way all well-beloved sacred lore,\nGreen-tinted, brandishing his arms.\n3 He,when the people deck himlike a docile king of elephants.\nSits as a falcon in the wood.\n4 So bring thou hitherward to us, Indu, whilethou art purified,\nAll treasures both of heaven and earth. *\nHYMN LVIII. SomaPavam&na.\nSwift runs this giver of delight, even the stream of flowing\njuice\nSwift runs this giver of delight.\n4 Vanquisherofthousands; or, thouwhowinnest thousands, i. e. countless\nspoilsortreasures.\nthe3 ST oe mn aFa jum ie ces .: thefingers,whosesoundisheardinthe operationofp Aressin°g\n3 Like a docile Icing of elephants: von Roth, in the St. Petersburg\nnLe oxi alc to en r, ats iu og ng ie sst ns ecei sb sh ae i’f yo ,r ii bb hh aa hh ,a‘ nl dik re &a jdp bio eu is ngki tn ag kea nmo ton gg eth hi es rr ie ntin tu he e;’ seb nu st\ne\n'o Xf Ve .le Sp ih ta sn at s-k ain fg ao lr cos nta it nely thean id von oo db :le ine tl he epha wn ot o. d,S ae se reV fe ed ri rs ic nh ge toStu td hi een S,oI. map ,.\nmeaningthewoodentroughorvat. ‘Sitsonthewaters likeahawk.’ \"Wilson.\n—\n1 Swift: t&rat ‘rescuing (his worshippersfromsin).’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 947,
            "content": ":: :: : :\nHYMN 60.] TEE RIGVEDA . 305\n2 The Morningknowsallprecious things, the Goddessknows her\ngrace to man\nSwift runs this giver of delight. ~\n3 We have accepted thousands from Dhvasra’s and Purushanti’s\nhands\nSwift runs this giver of delight.\n4 From whom we have accepted thus thousands andthree times\nten besides\n:\nSwift runs this giver of delight.\nHYMN\nLIX. Soma Pavam&na.\nFlow onward, Soma, winning kine, and steeds', and all that\ngives delight\nBring hither wealth with progeny.\n2 Flow onwardfromthe waters, flow, inviolable, fromtheplants\n:\nFlow onward from the pressing-boards.\n3 Soma, as Pavamana, pass over all trouble and distress :\nSit on the sacred grass, a Sage.\n4 Thou, Pavamana, foundest light thou at thy birth becamest\n;\ngreat\n0 Indu, thou art over all.\n*\nHYMN LX. SomaPavamdna.\nSing forth and laud withsacred song most active Pavamana,\nlaud\nIndu who sees with thousand eyes.\n2 Thee who hast thousand eyes to see, bearer of thousand bur-\nthens, they\nHave filtered through the fleecy cloth.\n3 Dhvasraand Purmhantiwere‘twokingswhoconferredgreatwealth on\nT Xa Xra Xnt IIa I.a on fd MP au xr -u Mm ui ll lh ea r, ’stw Bo ig-r vi es dhi as\n,\no Vf olt ,he V.’fa —mi Cl oy weo lf l5sVi nd oa td easv ina. WiS le se on’p s.\nTranslation.\n4 Thus thousands andthree timesten: S&yana, takingtdnd (thus, in this\nhm ua nn dn re er d) ,t ao nm de na en gl* eg ca tr im ne gnt ts h, e’ cm hi as (t aa nk di )n ,g it nr ti —er ri ps rd etu tm s, t ch ti hr rt ey e, f ho ur ndt rri es dat ta hm o,,ut sh ar ne de\ngarments.’ ‘Thirtyrobes andthousands.’ E. B. Cowell. Grassmannplaces\nthis hymninhisAppendixasacomposition offragments and out of place\nwhereitstandsin the text.\n2 Thewaters: thevasatlvart waters. Thepressing-boards; dhUhdndbhyah :\naccordingtoS&yana,grdvdbhyah, thepressing-stones.\nX Withsacredsong ; gdyatrtna ‘with a Gdyatrihymn.’-—Wilson.\n% Bewerofthousandburthens or,bringerofthousandbounties,\n20"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 948,
            "content": "—\n; :: :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF BOOK IX,\nf\n4\n.3 He, Pakamana, hath streamed through the fleece: he runs,\ninto the jars,\nFinding his way to Indra’s heart.\nThat Indra may be bounteous, flow, mostactiveSoma, for our\nweal\n:\nBring genial seed with progeny.\nHYMN\n‘ LXI. SomaPavam&na.\nFlow onward, Indu, with this food for him who in thy wild\ndelight\nBattered the nine-and-ninety down,\n.\n2 Smoteswiftlyforts, andSambara, thenYaduand thatTuryasa,\nFor pious Divodasa's sake.\n3 Finder of horses, pour on us horses and wealth in kino and\ngold,\nAnd, Indu, food in boundless store.\n4 We seek to win thy friendly love, even Pavamana’s flowing\no’er\nThe limit of the cleansing sieve.\n5 With those same waves which in their stream o’erflow the\npurifying sieve,\nSoma, be gracious unto us. r\n10 —\n6 0 Soma, being purified, bring us from all sides, for thou\ncanst,\nRiches and food with hero sons.\n7 Him here, the Child whom streamshave borne, the ten swift\nfingers beautify\nWith the Adityas is he seen.\n8 With Indra and with Y&yu he, effused, flows onward with the\nbeams\nOf Surya to the cleansing sieve.\n9 Flow rich in sweets and lovely for our Bhaga, V&yu, Pdshan,\nflow\nFor Mitra and for Yaruna.\nHigh is thy juice’s birth: though set in heaven, onearthJt\nhath obtained\nStrong sheltering power and great renown.\n—\n1 Thenine-and-ninety 'ninety-nine(citiesof thefoe),’ Wilson.\n3 In boundless store literally,inthousands.\nliv7 ersW ,’h —o Wm ils st or ne .ams fh Wav ne ab sor tn he e: Mos om ndh iu nm td ht ear oca em\nan\nof'w ah io r.se Wp ia tr hen tt hs\ne\nAar de ityt ah se\nisfaseen: thatU\n}\nheis countedas oneof theAdityas,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 949,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN mo\n61.] T1IE VEDA. SO?\n11 Striving to win, with him wegain all wealthfrom the ungodly\nman,\nYea, all the glories of mankind.\n12 Finder of room and freedom, flow for Indra whom wre must\nadore,\nFor Vanina and the Marut host,\n13 The Gods have come to Indu well-descended, beautified with\nmilk,\nThe active crusher of the foe.\n14 Evenasmothercowstheircalf,solet our praise-songs strength-\nen him, <%\nYea, him who winneth Indra’s heart.\n15 Soma, pour blessings on our kihe, pour forth the food that\nstreams with milk\nIncrease the sea that merits laud.\n16 From heaven hath Pavamana made, as ’twere, the marvellous\nthunder, and\nThe lofty light of all mankind.\n17 The gladdening and auspicious juice of thee, of Pavam&na,\nKing\n*\nFlows o’! er the woollen straining-cloth.\n18 Thy juice, 0 Pavamana, sends its rays abroad like splendid\nskill,\nLike lustre, all heaven’s light, to see.\n19 Flow onward with that juice of thine most excellent, that\nbrings delight,\nSlaying the wicked, dearto Gods.\n20 Killing the foeman and his hate, and winning booty every\nday,\nGainer art thou of steeds and kine.\n21 Red-hued, be blended with the milk that seems to yield its*\nlovely breast,\nFalcon-like resting in thine home.\n13 Well-descende—d: literally, well-bornor well-produced j 4(who is) com-\npletely generated.’ Wilson.\n15 Thesea: samudrdm accordingto S&yana, watergenerally.\n16 *The purified [Soma] hasgeneratedthegreatligh—twhichiscommon to\nall mankind,likethewonderful thunderingof theskv.’ Muir, 0. S. Texts,\nTV. 112. The greatlightcommonto all men, or vaisvdnardm or the lofty\nlightof allmankind, isAgniVaisv&nara,\n20 Thefoemanandhis hate; fthe hostile Y ritra.’— Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 950,
            "content": "—\n:: : : :\nSQ8 TEEEYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n22 Flow onward thou who strengthenedst Indra to slaughter\nVritrawTho\nCompassed and stayed the mighty floods.\n23 Soma who rainest gifts, may we win riches with our hero\nsons\nStrengthen, as thou art cleansed, ourhymns.\n24 Aided by thee, and through thy grace, may we he slayers\nwhen we war\nWatch, Soma, at our solemn rites,\n25 Chasing our foemen, driving off the godless, Soma floweth on»\nGoing to Inara’s special place.\n26 0 Pavam&na, hither bring great riches, and destroy our foes\n:\nO Indu, grantheroic fame.\n27 A hundred obstacles have ne’er checked thee when fain to\ngive thy boons,\nWhen, being cleansed, thou combatest.\n28 Indu, flow on, a mighty juice\n;\nglorify us among the folk:\nDrive all our enemies away.\n29 Indu, in this thy friendship most lofty and glorious may we\nSubdue all those who war with us.\n#T\n30 Those awful weapons that thou hast, sharpened at point to\nstrike men down\nGuard us therewith from every foe.\nHYMN LXII. SomaPavamdna.\nTheserapid Soma-drops have been poured through the puri-\nfying sieve\nTo bring us all felicities.\n2 Dispelling manifold mishap, givingthe courser’s progeny,\nYea, and the warrior steed, success.\nwit2 h5 hoT lh de erg sodl (e os fs: wed ar ltd hv )n .a ’h — Wit lh so os ne .who Spep cr ie as len pt lan co e:sac tr hif ai tcia il s,o tf hfe eri vn eg ss se; l‘t sh ee\nt\napartforhislibations.\n-26 Eeroicfame or, famewithhravesons.\n27 Obstacles orenemies, according to S&yana, Thou combatest: maltha-\nsyase: accordingto S&yana, ‘whenthouwishest to give ns wealth.’ ‘The\nmeanings “fight,” “strive,” etc., arefor —eigntoSltya*;a, being derived from\na,comparison of jua^io/uai, macto,etc.’ Editor’s note in Wilson’s Trans-\nlation.\n30 Weapons .’ theMoonbeingthe warriorwho overcomesthe darkness of\nnight. See Hillebrandt, V. M., I. 340. Cf—. ‘Themoon advances like an\nindignant warriorthroughafleeing army.’ S. T. Coleridge.\n4\n*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 951,
            "content": ":: : ;\nSTUN the mared\n62.1 a. S09\n3 Bringing prosperity to kine, they make perpetual lift flow\nTo us for nobleeulogy.\n4 Strong, mountain-born, the stalk hath been pressed in the\nstreams for rapturous joy\n:\nHawk-like he settles in his home.\n5 Fair is the God-loved juice the plant is washed in waters,\npressed by men ;\n:\nThe mileh-kine sweeten it with milk.\n6 As drivers deck a courser, so have they adorned the meath*s\njuice for\n^\nAmbrosia, for the festival.\n7 Thou, Indu, with thy streamsthat drop sweet juices, which\nwere poured for help,\nHastsettled in the cleansing sieve.\n8 So flow thou onward through the fleece, for Indra flow, to be\nhis drink,\nFinding thine home in vats of wood.\n9 As giving room and freedom, as most sweet, pourbutter forth\nand milk,\n0 Iudu, for the Angirases.\n10 Most active and benevolent, this PavamAna, sent to us\nFor lofty friendship, meditates.\n11 Quellerof curses, mighty, with strong sway, this Pavaraana\nshall\nBring treasures to the worshipper.\n12 Pour thou upon us thousandfold possessions, both of kineand\nsteeds, „\nExceeding glorious, much-desired.\n13 Wandering far, with wise designs, the juice here present is\neffused,\nMade beautiful by living men.\n3 114:—here, accordingtoSkyana,meaning'food.’ ‘Labetrank/ refreshing\ndraught. Grassmann.\n4 Thestalk the Soma-plant,whichissaidtohavegrownonthemountains.\n5 In waters thevasativarl waters.\n—\n6 Farambrosia; amyitdya 'forthesakeofimmortality,’ Wilson.\n9 FortheAngirases —or, from the Angirases. TheJamadagnis werenot\nmembersofthatfamily. Ludwig.\n—\n10 Meditates: 'is known (toall).’ Wilson.\nby1 m3 anW ya .nderingfar: urugdydh *:accordingto S& *yana,much-lauded,orp ~raised"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 952,
            "content": ": : : : ;\nfl? TUB HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n14 For Indra flows the gladdening drink, themeasurer of the\nregion, Sage,\nWith countless wealth and endless help.\n15 Born onthemountain, laudedhere, InduforIndrais set down,\nAs in her sheltering nest a bird.\n16 Pressed by themen, as ’twere to war hath Soma Pavam&ua\nsped,\nTo rest with might within the vats.\n17 That hemay move, they yoke him to the three-backed triple-\nseated car\nBy the Severn Eishis’ holy songs,\nJ8 Drive yethatTawnyCourser, 0 ye pressers, onhis waytowar,\nSwift Steed who carries off the spoil.\n19 Pouring all glories hither, he, effused and enteringthe jar,\nStands like a hero mid the kine.\n20 Indu, the livingmenmilk out thy juiceto maketherapturous\ndraught\nGods forthe Gods milk out the meath.\n21 Pourfor the Gods into the sieve ourSomaveryrich insweets,\nHim whom the Gods most gladly-hear.\n22 Into his stream who gladdens best these Soma juices have\nbeenpoured,\nLauded with songs forlofty fame.\n23 Thou flowest to enjoy the milk, and bringest valour, being\ncleansed\n:\nWinningthe spoilflowhitherward.\n24 And, hymned by Jamadagnis, let all nourishment that kine\nsupply,\nAnd general praises, flow to us.\n25 Soma, as leader of the song flow onward with thy wondrous\naids,\nFor holylore of everykind.\n14 Themeasureroftheregion; whomeasuredoutandmade thefirmament.\n15 BornOn themountain: or, perhaps, as S&yanatakes it, ‘mademanifest\nbysong.’\n17 JBy theSeven Rishis'holysongs or ‘Of Rishis, with sevenholysongs\nthe carbeing thesaorifioe, the threebacksor ridgesbeingthe threedail’ y\nlibations, thethreeseatsbeingthethreeVedas.\n19 Midthe hine: among theenemy’s cattle, for whose possessionhe is\nfighting. So, saysS&yana, Somastandsamongthesacrifices.\n20 Theliving men theworshippers, accordingtoS&yana butperhaps, as\nL pru id esw ti sg\n.\nsuggests, his stotdrah shouldbesotdrah ', pressers. ’Go; ds ; dev -tf ’h th®"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 953,
            "content": ".:: ;\nm\n&YMN\n63.]\nME niovEDA.\n26 Do thou as leader of the song, stirring the waters of £he sea,\nFlow onward, thou who niovest all.\n27 0 Soma, 0 thou Sage, these worlds stand ready to attest thy\nmight\nFor thy behoof the riversflow.\n28 Like showers of rain that fall from heaven thy streams per-\npetually flow\nTo the bright fleece spread under them.\n29 Forpotent Indra purify Indu effectual andstrong,\nEnjoyment-giver, Mighty Lord.\n30 Soma, true, Pavamana, Sage, is seated in the cleansing sieve.\nGiving his praiser hero strength.\nHYMN LXITI. SomaPavamana,\nPour hitherward, 0 Soma, wealth in thousands and heroic\nstrength,\nAnd keep renown secure for us.\n2 Thou makest food and vigour swell for Indra, best of glad-\ndeners1\nWithin the cups thou seatest thee.\n3 For Indra and. for Vishnu poured, Soma hath flowed into\nthe jar\nMay Vayu find it rich in sweets.\n4 These Sonias swift and brown of hue, in stream of solemn\nsacrifice\nHave flowed through twisted obstacles,\n5 Performing every noble work, active, augmenting Indra’s\nstrength, *\nDriving away the godless ones.\n6 Brown Soma-drops, effused, that seek Indra, to their appro\"\npriate place\nFlow through the region hitherward.\n7 Flowonward with thatstream of thine wherewith tliou gavesfc\nS uya light,\nUrging on waters good to men.\n8 He, Pavamana, high o’er man yoked the Sun’s courser Etasa\nTo travel through the realm of air.\n26 Waters ofthesea; of thesea ofair, the firmament.\n4 Twisted obstacles either the twigs of which the frameof thefilterwas\nmade, orthe r—oughsurfaceof the wool of the strainer. ‘Are letloo^e upon\nthe R^kshasas' Wilson.\n8 In this and the followingstanza Soma is identified withtheSon."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 954,
            "content": ": :\n812 THE HYMNS OP [POOH /X\n9 And those ten Coursers, tawny-hued, he harnessed that the\nSun might come\n:\nIndu, he said, is Indra’s self.\n10 Hence, singers, pour the gladdening juice to V&yu and to\nIndra, pour\nThe drops upon the fleecy cloth.\n110 Soma Pavamana, And wealth for us not to be assailed,\n\"Wealth which the foeman may not win,\n12 Send riches hither with thy stream in thousands, both of\nsteeds and kine,\nSend spoil 41 war and high renown.\n13 Soma the God, expressed with stones, likeSurya, floweth on\nhis way,\nPouring the juice within the jar.\n14 These brilliant drops have poured for us, in stream of solemn\nsacrifice,\nWorshipful laws and strength in kine.\n15 Over the cleansing sieve have flowed the Somas, blent with\ncurdled milk,\nEfiused for IndraThunder-armed.\nr.\n16 Soma, dothou most rich in sweets, a gladdening drink most\ndear to Gods,\nFlow to the sieve to bringus wealth.\n17 ForIndra, living men adorn theTawny Courserinthestreams,\nIndu, the giver of delight.\n18 Pour for us, Soma, wealth in gold, in horses and heroic sons,\nBring hither strength in herds ofkine.\n19 For Indrapour ye on the fleece him very sweet to taste, who\nlongs\nFor battle as it were in war.\n20 The singers, seeking help, adornthe Sagewho must bedecked\nwith songs\nLoud bellowing the Steer comes on.\n21 Thesingers withtheirthoughtsandhymnshave, in thestream\nof sacrifice,\nCaused Soma, active Steer, to roar.\n9 Coursers; orHants. Cf, IV. 6. 9 and 13. 3.\n10 Hence;fromthis vessel.\n14 Worshipfullaws themeaningof dhamdnyftrydisnotclear. 1(Plowing)\ntowards—the dwellings of respectable (worshippers).’—Wilson. *Venerable\nmight.’ Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 955,
            "content": "; : : :\nEttMN 64,] THE RIGVEDA. 313\n22 God, working withmankind, flow on toIndrago thygladden-\n;\ning juice\nTo Vayu mount as Law commands.\n23 0 Soma Pavamana, thou pourest out wealth that brings re-\nnown\n:\nEnter the lake, as one we love.\n24 Soma, thou fiowest chasing foes and bringing wisdom and de-\nlight\n:\nDrive offthe folk wrho love not Gods.\n25 The Pavamanas have been poured, thebrilliant dropsof Soma\njuice,\nFor holy lore of every kind.\n26 The Pavam&nas have been shed, the beautiful swift Soma-\ndrops,\nDriving all enemies afar.\n27 From heaven, from out the firmament, hath Pavamana been\neffused\nUpon the summit of the earth.\n28 0 Soma, Indu, very wise, drive, beingpurified,withthystream\nAll foes, all Bakshasasaway.\n29 Driving the Bakshasas afar, 0 Soma, bellowing, pour for us\nMost excellent and splendid strength.\n30 Soma, do thou secure for us the treasures of the earth and\nheaven,\nIndu all boons to be desired.\n!\nHYMN\nLXIV\". SomaPavamdna.\nSoma, thou art^a splendid Steer, a Steer, 0 God, withsteerlike\nsway\n:\nThou as a Steer ordainest laws.\n2 Steer-strong thy might is as a steer’s, steer-strong thy wood,\nsteer-like thy drink\n:\nA Steer indeed, 0 Steer, art thou.\n3 Thou, Indu, as a vigorous horse, hast neighed together steeds\nand kine\n:\nUnbar for us the doors to wealth.\n23 The lake thedrondkalam,vatorreservoir.\n27 Thesummitof theearth theraisedaltar,\n1 Steer S&yana,asusual,explainsvrisMbyvarshakah eSprinkler.’— Wilson,\n3 Neighed together; collected, through the efficacy of the sound thou\nmakestindroppingthroughthefilter, andenrichedus with, steedsand kine."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 956,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK /X\nB14\n4 0 lit ofdesire of cows and steedsandheroespotent Soma-drops,\nBrilliant and swift, have been effused.\n5 They purified in both the hands, madebeautiful by holy men,\nFlow onward to the fleecy cloth.\n6 These Somajuices shall pour forth all treasures for the wor-\nshipper\nFromheaven and earth and firmament.\n7 The streams of Pavamaua, thine, Finder of all, have been\neffused,\nEven as Surya’s rays of light.\n8 Making the^light that shines from heaven thou floweston to\nevery form\n:\nSoma, thou swellest likea sea.\n9 Urged on thou sendest out thy.voice, 0 Pavamaua; thou hast\nmoved,\nLike the God Surya, to the sieve.\n10 Indu, Enlightener, Friend, hath been purified by the sages’\nhymns\n:\nSo starts the charioteer his steed\n11 Thy God-delightingwave which hath flowedto the purifying\nsieve,\nAlighting in the home of Law.\n12 Flow to our sieve, a gladdening -draught that hath most inter-\ncourse with Gods,\nIndu, to Indra for his drink.\n13 Flowonwardwitha streamfor food, made beautiful by sapient\nmen\n:\nIndu with sheen approach the milk. *\n14 While thou art cleansed, Song-Lover, bring comfort and\nvigour to the folk,\nPoured, Tawny One on milk and curds.\n!\n15 Purified for the feast of Go Is, gothou to Indra’sspecial place,\nBesplendent, guided by the strong.\n16 Accelerated by the hymn, the rapid drops of Soma juice\nHave flowed, urged onward, to the lake.\n17 Easily have the living drops, made beautiful, approached\nthe lake,\nYea, to the place of sacrifice.\n8 To everyform to bring us blessingsin everyshape.\n9 To thesieve: vklharmani *in observance of the law/ according to M.\n^Bergaigne. SeeLaRelir/ion Vedique III. 218, note.\n16 The lake: samudram. according, toS&yana,theseaofair,thefirmament.\nThedronakala§:i, vator reservoir, isprobably intended."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 957,
            "content": ": :: : :\nHYMN 64.] THE M1GVEDA,\n18 Compass about, ourfaithful Friend, all our possessions with\nthy might\nGuard, hero like, our sheltering home.\n19 Loud neighs the Courser Etasa, with singers, harnessed for\ntheplace,\nGuided for travel to the lake.\n20 Whattime the SwiftOnerestethin thegoldenplaceof sacrifice,\nHe leaves the foolish far away.\n21 The friends have sung inunison, the prudentwishtosacrifice\n:\nDown sink the unintelligent.\n22 For Indra girt byMaruts, flow, thouIndu, veiyrichinsweets,\nTo sit in place of sacrifice.\n23 Controlling priests and sages skilled in holy song adorn thee\nwell\nThe living make thee beautiful.\n24 Aryaman, Mitra, Yarnna drink Pavamfinals juice, yea, thine;\n0 Sage, the Maruts drink thereof.\n25 0 Soma, Indu, thou while thou art purified urgest onward\nspeech\nThousandfold, with thedore of hymns.\n26 Yea, Soma, Indu, while thou art purified do thou bring to us\nSpeech thousandfold that longs for war.\n27 0 Indu,Much-invoked, whilethou artpurifying, asthe Friend\nOf these men enter thou the lake.\n28 Brightarethese Somasblent withmilk, withlight thatflashes\nbrilliantly\nAnd form that utters loud acclaim.\n.29 Led byhisdrivers, andsent forth, the StrongSteed hath come\nnigh for spoil,\nLike warriors when they stand arrayed.\n30 Specially, Soma, coming as a Sage fromheaven to prosper us,\nFlow like the Sun for us to see.\n19 The CourserElam : heremeaningSoma. Ydhnih(fromvah,Lat. veh-o)\nis properlya horse of burden, ordraught-horse.\n21 Thefriends: thepriests\n;\norperhaps theMaruts. Downsink: naralce,\nintohell, says Sftyana.\n—\n26 That longs for war: makhasytivam ‘desiring wealth.’ Wilson. See\n.\nIX. 61. 27, note.\n28 Form : krip$ stream, accordingtoSAyana.\n80 Specially: ridhah saidby Y&aka to be theVedic.form of pritliak , and\ntobeusedin the*senseofprospering. SeeWilson’sTranslation,Editor’snote.\nOr ridhd/cmay mean, lightly, easily, without effort."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 958,
            "content": ": ; :; -\n316 Tan mymns of [BOOK JX\nHYMN LXV SomaPavam&na.\n.\nTheglitteringmaidssendSaraforth, theglorioussisters, close\nallied,\nSeiid Indu forth, their mighty Lord.\n2 Pervade, 0 Pavam&na, all our treasures with repeated light,\nGod, coming hither from the Gods.\n3 Pour on us, Pavamltna, rain, as service and fair praise for\nGods\nPour all to be our nourishment.\n4 Thou art a Steer by lustre we, 0 Pavamana, faithfully\n:\nCall upon tiSee the Splendid One.\n5 Do thou, rejoicing, nobly-armed !pouruponusheroicstrength :\n0 Indu, come thou hitherward,\n6 When thou art cleansed with both the hands and dipped in\nwaters, vrith the wood\nThou comest to the gathering-place.\n7 Sing forth your songs, as Yyasva sang, to Soma Pavamana, to\nThe Mighty One with thousand eyes\n8 Whose coloured sap they drive with stones, theyellow meath-\ndistilling juice,\nIndu for Indra, for his drink.\n9 We seek to gainthe friendly love of thee that Strong and\nMighty One,\nOf thee the winner of all wealth.\n10 Flow onward with thy stream, aSteer, inspiriting theMaruts’\nLord,\nWinning all riches by thy might.\n11 I send thee forth to battle from the press, 0 Pavam&na,\nStrong,\nSustainer, looker on the light.\n12 Acknowledged by this song of mine, flow, tawny-coloured,\nwith thy stream\n:\nIncite to battle thine ally.\n13 0 Indu, visible to all pour out for us abundant food :\nSoma, be thou our prospered\n1 The glittering maids: the fingers, perhaps with reference to the gold\nr mi. en 3ag ns Aw sSo o sr emn ra vib ; cy ef :tt lh aiee si tp n hr v ei ie g cs ot ars ua stw einh oge f.n \" w— ot rWh si he l iy s po .p nr .ess Tt hh ee glS oo rm ia ou. ssiS —sd tr era s h te hr ee fis na gi ed rs.to\n6 With the wood: ‘(taken*up) with thewooden vessel.’ Wilson, Cf. IX.\n1. 2.\n7 Yyasva: aBiehifrequentlymentionedinBookYIII.\n12 Thineally: Indra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 959,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN\n65,]\nTHE RIGVEDA\n. 317\n14 The pitchers, Indn, with thy streams have sung aloud in\nvigorous might\n;\nEnter them, and let Indra drink,\n15 0 thou whose potent gladdeningjuice they milk out with the\nstones, flow on,\nDestroyer of our enemies.\n16 King Pavamana is implored with holy songs, on man’s behalf,\nTo travel through the firmament.\n17 Bring us, 0 Indu, hundredfold increase of kine, and noble\nsteeds,\nThe gift offortune for our help.\n18 Pressed for the banquet of the Gods, 0 Soma, bringus might,\nand speed,\nLike beauty for a brilliant show.\n19 Soma, flow on exceeding bright with loud roar to the wooden\nvats,\nFalcon-like resting in thine home.\n20 Soma the Water-winner flows to Indra, Vayu, Varuna,\nTo Vishnu and the Marut host.\n21 Soma, bestowing food upon our progeny, from every side\nPour on us riches thousandfold\n!\n22 The Soma juices which have been expressed afar or near at\nhand,\nOr there on Saryanavan?s bank,\n23 Those pressed among Arjxkas, pressed among the active, in\nmen’s homes,\nOr pressed among the Races Five\n24 May these celestial drops, expressed, pour forth upon us, as\nthey flow,\nBainfrom the heavens and hero strength.\n25 Urged forward o’er the ox-hide flows the Lovely One of\ntawny hue,\nLauded by Jamadagni’s song.\n26 Like horses urged to speed, the drops, bright, stirring vital\npower, when blent\nWith milk, are beautified in streams.\n- 22 Saryandv&n'atanlc this lakeissaidtobe ontheborders of the Kura-\nkshetra country.\n23 Arjihas apparentlyanon-AryanpeopleintheKorth-West, SeeVIII.\n53. 11.\n25 O’ertheox-hide: theleathersheetthatreceivedthe droppings of the\nSoma."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 960,
            "content": ": : ;\n318 THE HYMNS OF {HOOK IX,\n27 So they who toil with juiees send thee forward for the Gods-*\nrepast\nSo with this splendour flow thou on,\n28 We choose to-day that,chariot-steed of thine, the Strong’, that\nbrings us bliss.\nThe Guardian, the desire of all,\n29 The Excellent, the Gladdener, the Sage with heart that un-\nderstands,\nThe Guardian, the desire of all\n30 Who for ourselves, 0 thou Most Wise, is wealth and fair\nintelligence,\nThe Guardian, the desire of all.\nHYMN LXYL\nSoraa Pavamdna,\nForholyloreofeverysort,flowonwardthouwhom allmenlove*\nA Friend to be besought by friends.\n2 O’er all thou rulest with these Two which, Soma Pavamana,\nstand,\nTurned, as thy stations, hitherward.\n3 Wise Soma Pavamana, thou encompassest on every side\nThy stations as the seasons come.\n4 Flow onward,generatingfood, forpreciousboousofevery kind,\nA Friend for friends, to be our help.\n5 Upon the lofty ridge of heaven thy bright rays with their\nessences,\nSoma, spread purifying power.\n6 0 Soma, these Seven Rivers flow, as being thine, to give\ncommand\n:\nThe streams ofmilk run forth to thee. f\n7 Flow onward.Somainastream, effusedtogladdenIndra’sheart.\nBringing imperishable fame,\n8 Driving thoe in Vivasvan’s course, the Seven Sisters with\ntheir hymns\nMade melody round thee the Sage.\n23 The guardian : pfaitam according to Pischel, ‘den sellwellenden/\n‘the swellingone.1—Seehis exhaustive excursus on the word in Vedische\nStudien , X. pp. 191 194.\nThe Rishisarethehundred VaikMnasas, said tohavebeenaraceofsaintly\nhermitssprungfrom thenailsof Prajftpati.\n2 Withthese T<c,o: probablyadouble asterism. See Rillebrandt, V, M.\np. 844 T6 h;ea sn td reG aa mid oi fck Se m, nH aer isA ld ic ku es nc et dti tv oi tm heVe cd oa u, rsp\ne\no1 f99 V,\nivasv&n ortheSun.\nTheSeven Sistersare probably the Seven Elvers of stanza6. According to\nSdyana (theseven kindred(priests)’ are intended,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 961,
            "content": "—\n: : : : :\n9\nJfrYMX 66.] THE RIGVEDA. S19\nThe virgins deck thee o’er fresh streams' to drive thee to the\nsieve when thou,\nA singer, bathest in the wood.\n10 The streams of Pavamlna, thine, Sage, Mighty One, have\npoured them forth\nLike coursers eager forrenown.\n11 They have been poured upon the fleece towards the meath-\ndistilling vat\nThe holy songs have sounded forth.\n12 Like milch-ldne coming home, the drops of Soma juice have\nreached the lake,\nHave reached the place of sacrifice.\n13 0 Indu, to our great delight the running waters flow to us,\nWhen thou wilt robe thyself in milk.\n14 In this thy friendship, and with thee to help us, fain to\nsacrifice,\nIndu, we crave thy friendly love.\n15 Flow on, 0 Soma, for the greatViewerofmen,forgainofkine\nEnter thou into Indra’s throat.\n16 Best art thon, Soma, of the great, Strongest,of strong ones,\nIndu : thou >\nAs Warrior ever hast prevailed.\n17 Mightier even than the strong, more valiant even than the\nbrave,\nMore liberal than the bountiful,\n18 Soma, as Sura, bring us food, win offspring of our bodies : we\nElect thee for our friendship, we electthee for companionship.\n19 Agui, thou potest life; send down upon us food and vigorous\nstrength\n:\nDrive thou misfortune far away.\n20 Agni is Pavamana, Sage, Chief Priest of all the Paces Five\nTo him whose wealth is great we pray.\n21 Skilled in thy task, 0 Agni, pour splendour with hero strength\non us,\nGranting me wealth that nourishes. I\n9 Thevirgins the fingers.\n32 The lake: the dronakalitsd orreservoir.\n35 Forgainofkine : gdvishtaye accordingtoS&yana, *for the seekerof\nthekineoftheAngirasea/ —\n18 AsStira: see IX. 65. 3. (Who artahero/ Wilson, *FromtheSun/\nLudwig.\n19 Misfortune—: duchehhtindm frequently personified as an evil power;\n< the Rukshasas.' Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 962,
            "content": ":\n820 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX,\n22 Beyond his enemies away to sweet praise Pavam&na flows,\nLike Surya visible to all.\n23 Adorned by living men, set forth for entertainment, rich in\nfood,\nFar-sighted Indu is a Steed.\n21 He, Pavamana, hath produced the lofty Law, the brilliant\nlight,\nDestroying darkness black of hue.\n25 From tawny Pavamana, the Destroyer, radiant streams have\nsprung,\nQuick streams from him whose gleams are swift.\n26 Best rider of the chariot, praised with fairest praise,jnid\nbeauteous ones,\nGold-gleaming with the Marut host,\n27 May Pavam&na, best to win the booty, penetrate with rays,\nGiving the singer hero strength.\n28 Over the fleecy sieve hath flowed the drop effused : to Indra\ncomes\nIndu while he is purified.\n29 This Soma, through the pressing-stones, is sporting on the ox-\nhide, and\nSummoning Indra to the draught.\n30 0 Pavamana,bless us, so that we may live, with that bright\nmilk\nOf thine which hath been brought from heaven.\n* HYMN LXVIL Somaand Others.\nThou, Soma, hast a running stream, joyoCis, most strong at\nsacrifice\nFlow bounteously bestowing wealth.\n2 Effused as cheerer ofthemen, flowingbest gladdener, thou art\nA Prince to Indra with thy juice.\n3 Pouredforth by pressing-stones, do thou with loud roar send\nus in astream\nMost excellent illustrious might.\n23 Is aSteed: ‘onewhocontinuallygoesto the Gods/ isS&yana’sexplana-\ntionofdti/ah, horse orcourser.\n25 TheHestroyer: ofdarkness.—Of. IS. 61. 30.\n27 Penetrate: thewholeworld. S&yana.\n29 Ontheox-hide: seeIS. 65. 25.\n2 A Prince:sdrih; arichandliberalpatron."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 963,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 67.] THE RIGVEDA. 321\n4 India, urged forward, flowetli through the fleecy cloth the\n:\nTawny One\nWith his loud roar hath brought us strength.\n5 Indu, thou flowest through the fleece, bringing felicities and\nfame,\nAnd, Soma, spoil and wealth in kine.\n6 Hither, 0 Indu, bring us wealth in steedsand cattle hundred-\nfold\n:\nBring wealth, 0 Soma, thousandfold.\n7 In purifying, through thesievethe rapid drops of Soma juice\nCome nigh to Indra in their course.\n8 For Indra flowetli excellent Indu, the noblest Soma juice,\nThe Living for theLiving One.\n9 The glittering maids send Suraforth they with their song\n:\nhave sung aloud\nTo Pavamana dropping meath.\n10 May Pushan, drawn by goats, be ourprotector, and on all his\npaths\nBestow on us our share of maids.\n11 This Soma flows like gladdening oil for him who wears the\nbraided locks\nHe shall give us our share of maids.\n12 This Soma juice, 0 glowing God, flows like pure oil, effused\nfor thee\nHe shall give us our share ofmaids.\n13 Flow onward, Soma, in thy stream, begetter of the sages7\nspeech\n:\nWealth-giver anfcrng Gods art thou.\n14 The Falcon dips within the jars; he wraps him in his robe\nand goes\nLoud roaring to the vats of wood.\n15 Soma, thy juice bath been effused and poured into the\npitcher like\nA rapid ha: wk it rushes on.\n16 For Indra flow most rich in sweets, 0 Soma, bringing him\ndelight.\n9 TheglitteringmaidssendMraforth:repeatedfrom—IX. 65. 1.\n10 Ourshareofmaids: desirableandapproved wives. S&yana.\n11 Forhimwhowearsthebraidedlochs: hapardine: see I. 114.1,and VII.\n83. 8. HerePftshanisintended.\n12 0glowinqGod : Pushan.\n14 TheFalcon: thefaleon-likeSoma.\n21"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 964,
            "content": ": :\nS22 THEHYMNS OF lBOOH IX,\n17 They were sent forth to feast the Gods, like chariots that\ndisplay their strength.\n18 Brilliant, best givers ofdelight, these juices have sent Vayu\nforth.\n19 Bruised by the press-stones and extolled, Soma, thou goest\nto the sieve.\nGivingthe worshipper hero strength.\n20 This juice braised by the pressing-stones and lauded passes\nthrough the sieve.\nSlayer of demons, through the fleece.\n210 Pavamahar* , drive away the danger, whether near at hand\nOr far remote, that finds me here.\n22 This day may Pavam&na cleanse us with his purifying power.\nMost active purifying Priest.\n23 0 Agni, with the cleansing light diffusedthrough all thy fiery\nglow.\nPurify thou this prayerof ours.\n24 Cleanse us with thine own cleansing power, 0 Agni, that is\nbright withflame,\nAnd by libations poured to theev\n25 Savitar, God, by both of these, libation, purifying power, /\nPurify me on every side.\n26 Cleanse us, God Savitar, with Three, 0 Soma, with sublimest\nforms,\nAgni, with forms of power and might.\n27 May theGods’ company make me clean, and Vasus make me\npure by song.\n^\nPurify me, ye General Gods 0 J&tavedas, make me pure.\n;\n28 Fill thyself full ofjuice, flow forth, 0 Soma, thou with all thy\nstalks,\nThe best oblation tothe Gods.\n1\n29 We with our homage have approached the Friend who seeks\nour wondering praise,\nYoung, strengthener ofthe solemn rite.\n18 Have sent—Vdyuforth have drawnhim down from heaven. ‘Arelet\nfoi*thforY&yu.’ Wilson.\n26 The Threesublimestformsare said to be Agni, Y&yu, and Surya, or\nFire, Wind,and Sun.\n27 TheGods' company theyajamdnasor sacrifices, orthetroopof Gods,\nIndraandothers.—S&yana. GeneralGods: vlsvedevdh: or, allye Gods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 965,
            "content": "—\n: : : :\nHYMN 68.] THE R1GVEDA, S28\n30 Lost is Al&yyaJs axe, 0 Soma, God\n:\ndothousenditbackhither\nin thy flow\nEven, Soma, God, if ’twere a mole.\n31 The man who readsthe essencestored bysaints, thePHvam&ni\nhymns,\nTastes food completely purified, made sweetby Matarisvan’s\ntouch.\n32 Whoever reads the essence stored by saints, the P&vamani\nhymns,\nSarasvati draws forth for him water and butter, milk and\nmeath.\n^\nHYMN LX\nVIII. SomaPavam&na.\nThe drops of Soma juice like cows who yield theirmilk have\nflowed forth, rich in meath, unto the Shining One,\nAnd, seated onthe grass, raisingtheirvoice, assumedthemilk,\nthe covering robe wherewith the udders stream.\n2 He bellows with a roar around the highest twigs the Tawny\n:\nOne is sweetened as he breaks them up.\nThen, passing through the sieve into theample room, the God\nthrows offthe dregs according to his wish.\n3 The gladdening drink that measured out the meeting Twins\nfills full with milk the Eternal Ever-waxing Pair.\nBringing to light the Two great Begions limitless, moving\nabove them he gained sheenthat never fades.\n30 Thisstanzais well-nigh unintelligible. Alftyya may, as is suggested\nin the St. PetersburgLexicon, be anameof Indra, and the lostaxe may be\nthe thunderbolt which thepoetthinks has long lain idle, and which Soma\nis prayedtoreplacein the hands of the Thunderer, even though it were\nworthlessand miscliievcras likeamole. S&yana’sinterpretationisdifferent;\n(* sM la ayy )t th he\ne\nb via lt lt al ie n- oa nx le yo ,f bt rh ie ghf toe Sd oe ms at .ro ’y —t Wh ie lsf oo ne .alone: flowtous,brightSoma ;\n31 Bysaints by the Rishis to whom they were revealed. Pdvamdnt\nhymns thehymnsin this Book dedicated to the purification of the Soma\njuice. ByMdtarisvan'stouch: ‘ '}.--.v. Y' V' -vf means Vdyubecause\ni pt urb ir fe ia et dh bes yi tn heth pe ura it fm yo is np gh wer ie\nndand\n' th• e’ .m-f an. e.' at. s,1 it.’—o Wd ili ss ons .wee Mt te ane rd isa vn ad\nn\nprobably representsAgni.\n1 TheShining One: devdm theradiantIndra. Thesecondl—ineisobscure.\nAccordingtoSfty&na, usviydh here means icows’ and notmilk: ‘thelowing\nkine—sittingonthe barhisgrassholdin theirudders the pure (juice) welling\nup.’ Wilson.\n2 Thehighesttwigs of—theSoma-plant,whichas beingthe tenderest and\njuiciestarecrushed first. Ludwig. ‘Hewithanoise reechdes theprincipal\n(praises—): separating thegrowing herbs, the green-tinted (Soma) sweetens\nthem.’ Wilson.\na.n3 deT ah re thm .eeting Twins ; Somais called the CreatorandPreserverof heaven"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 966,
            "content": ": :: : : ::\n324 TUB HYMNS OF {BOOK IX.\n4 Wandering through the Parents, strengthening the floods,\nthe Sage makes his place swell with his own native might.\nThe stalk is mixed with grain : he comes led by the men\ntogether with ijhe sisters, andpreserves the Head.\n5 With energetic intellect the Sage is bom, deposited as germ\nof Law, far from the Twins.\nThey beingyoung at firstshowed visibly distinct the Creature\nthat is half-concealed and half-exposed.\n6 The sages knew the form of him. the Gladdener, what time\nthe Falcon broughtthe plantfrom far away.\nHim who ^sures success they beautified in streams, the stalk\nwho yearned therefor, mighty and meet for praise.\n7 Together with the Eishis, with their prayers and hymns ten\nwomen deck thee, Soma, friendly when effused.\nLed by the men, with invocations of the Gods, through the\n10\nfleece, thou hast given us strength to win the spoil.\n8 Songsresonant withpraise have celebratedhim, Soma, Friend,\nspringing forth, with his fair company.\nEven him who, rich in meath, with undulating stream,\nWinnner of Wealth, Immortal, sends his voice from heaven.\n9 He sends it into all the region forth from heaven. Soma,\nwhilehe is filtered, settles in the jars.\nWith milk and waters is he decked when pressed with stones:\nIndu, when purified, shallfind sweet rest and room.\nEven thuspoured forth flow onthy -way, 0Soma, vouchsafing\nus mostmanifold livelyvigour.\nWe will invoke benevolent Earth and Heaven. Give us, ye\nGods, riches with noble heroes.\nHYMNLXIX. - SomaPavam&na.\nLaid like an arrow on the bow the hymn hath been loosed\nlike a young calf tothe udder of its dam.\n4 The Parents: heaven and earth. Thefloods : thewaters ofthefirma-\nment. Grain especially barley. Makeshis placesivell enriches bisown\nstation, theuttaravedi ornorthward altar. The sisters the fingers. The\nHead apparently Sfirya. * Siyana’s explanation of sirah, viz., sirnam\nhhutaj—dtam (thewithered world ?),needs explainingmore than the original\nitself.’ Wilson.\n5 The Sage: the Sun. Farfrom the Twins rising inadistant region\nbeyond heavenand earth. The Creature that ishalf-concealed and half-\nexposed: the meaning appearstobe, asLudwig says, thatheavenand earth\nbw eh ii nl ge ot nh le yy ww he er ne ty he et yu hn as dep ba er ea nte sd e, pap rr ato ed duc te hd rot uh ge hM So omo an ’s: t eh ne ergS eu tin cc aa gm ene cyi .nto\n7 Tenwomen thefingers.\nud1 deH ra ot fh ib tsee mn otl hoo es re .d ’,<Sac 4. S&y4i as nl aet tl ao ko es se Hto dh( aI nn idr [a t) ot th he ef uo dst de er re ]r ta ws ia ceca olf vet ro :t hh ee"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 967,
            "content": ": : : ‘ : ;\nHYMN THE MOVED\n69.] A. 325\nAs So on me aw ish io mpc eo lm le et dli tf oir ts ht iswi mt ah n’fu sll hos lt yre ra im tess .he is milked : thus\n2 Th te ont gh uo eug wh it this jod ye oe up sly sof ui nx ded; ist sh te irrs ia nv go iu nry thj eui mc oe ui ts hshed ; the\nAnd Pavaaiana, like the shout of combatants* the drop rich\nin sweet juice, is flowing through the fleece.\n3 He flows about the sheep-skin, longing for a bride he loosens\n:\nAditi’s Daughters for the worshipper.\nThe sacred drink hath come, gold-tinted, well-restrained like\n:\na strong Bull he shines, whetting his manly might.\n4 The Bull is bellowing; the Cows are coming tfSgh the God-\n:\ndesses approach the God’s own resting-place.\nOnward hath Soma passed through the sheep’s fair bright\nfleece, and hath, as ’twere, endued a garment newly washed.\n5 The golden-hued, Immortal, newlybathed, puts on a brightly-\nshining vesture that is never harmed.\nHe made the ridge of heaven to be his radiant robe, the\nsprinkling of the bowls from moisture of the sky.\n6 EvenasthebeamsofSurya, urgingmentospeed, thatcheerand\nsend to sleep, together rush they forth,\nThese swift outpourings in long course of holy rites no\n;\nform save only Indra shows itself so pure.\n7 As down the steep slope of a river to the vale, drawn from\nthe Steer the swift strong draughts have found a way.\n—\nsaysitisused of Indrabecause heisthe nourisher of everything,* Wilson.\n.4s oneuho cometh first: according to S&yana, asa cowcomingbeforeher\ncalfyields hermilk, (^p Indra, coming beforehis worshippers poursvarious\nblessings uponthem). First:agre: atthe head; at the- beginning ofthe\nreligiousceremony.\n2 The tonguewith joyoussound is stirring in themouth probably the\npriest’s tongue influencedbytheexhilaratingSomajui—ce. *The Foma stream,\nemittingpleasantjuiceis driven into (Indra’a) mouth/ Wilson.\n3 Longingforabride seekingthe waters withwinchhe is tobe united.\nAditi’s Daughters probably, theplants, whosebuds SomaastheMoon opens\nandfertilizes with his nectareousbeam —s. 1The daughters ofInfinity [Aditi]\nareprobablythequartersofthesky.’ Ludwig.\n4 TheDull Soma. According to S&yana, the Cows are the propitiatory\nhymnsofpraise, which arecalledalso Goddesses ordivine.\n5 Brightly-shiningvesture: the milkwithwhichthe Somajuiceis mixed.\nSayanaexplainsthesecondhalf of the stanza differently, taking chamvbh\nbowls orbeakersinto whichthe Somajuice is poured, as meaningmetaphori-,\ncallythetwogreat receptacles ofall livingbeings, —orheaven and earth, and\nintroducingAdityawhoisnotmentionedinthetext*. hehascreated(Aditya)\nwhostandsonthejbackoftheskyforthedestruction (ofsin) andp—urification,\n(andhascreated) Aditya’s brilliance, thecoverof the two worlds/ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 968,
            "content": "—\n; : :\n326 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IK\nWell be it with the men and cattle in our home. May powers,\n0 Soma, may the people stay with us.\n8 Pour out upon us wealth in goods, in gold, in steeds, in cattle\nand in corn, and great heroic strength.\nYe, Soma, aremy Fathers, lifted up on high as heads of\n10 heaven and makers of the strength of life.\n9 ThesePavamanas here, these drops of Soma, to Indra have\nsped forth like cars to booty.\nEffused, they pass the cleansing fleece, while, gold-hued, they\ncast their covering offto pour the rain down.\n0 Indu, flowrthou on for lofty Indra, flow blameless, very\ngracious, foe-destroyer.\nBring splendid treasures to the man who lauds thee. 0\nHeaven and Earth, with all the Gods protect us.\nHYMN LXX. SomaPavam&na.\nThe three times seven Milch-kine in the eastern heaven have\nfor this Soma poured the genuine milky draught.\nFour other beauteous Creatures hath he made for his adorn-\nment, when he waxed in strength through holy rites.\n2 Longing for lovely Amrit, by his wisdom he divided, each\napart from other, earth and heaven.\nHe gladly wrapped himself in the most lucid floods, when\nthroughtheir glory they found the God’sresting-place.\n3 May those hisbrilliant rays be ever freefrom death, inviolate,\nfor both classes of created things,\nBays wherewith power's of men and Gods are purified. Yea,\neven for this have sages welcomed him as King.\n4 He, while he is adorned by the tenskilful qnes, that he too in\nthe Midmost Mothers may create,\n7 Vdjrih andkrishtdyah, powers and people, areexplained by Sayana as\n‘food* and‘offspring.’\nit,8 thY ee, plS uro am la ity:‘ ofSo tm hea pi is trt ir sea it se ad ppa ls ip el dur toal Sb oy maa .t ’t—rac Wt ii lon so; n.or, Pa rs obS a& bly ya 'na Mp ou ot ns\nandStarsareintended. SeeHillebrandt, V. M.,I.p. 398.\n10 Withallthe Gods: devaih: ‘subhagairdhanaihwithauspiciousriches.’—\nS&yana.\n1 The three timesseven Milch-Une are,according to Sftyana, the twelve\nmonths,the fiveseasons, thethreeworlds,andAdityaorthe Sun. Probably,\nasLudwigsays, theseven celestialrivers, multipliedbythree to correspond\nwiththethreefolddivision oftheheavens, areintended. These supply the\ngenuine •* r1-1 .* tothe fourotherbeauteous creatures, the Vasati-\nvariand ' . i waters,whichareterrestrialand factitious,made\ntoadorn orpurifySoma.\n3 Bothclasses animateandinanimate. Or Godsandmen.\n4 The tenskilful ones the fingers. The Midmost Mothers the clouds"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 969,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 70.] THE RIQVEEA. 327\nWhile he is watching o’er the lovely Amrit’s ways, looks oil\nboth races as Beholder of mankind.\n5 He, while he is adorned to stream forth mighty strength,\nrejoices in his place between the earth and heaven.\nThe Steer dispels the evil-hearted with his might, aiming at\nofferings as an archer at the game.\n6 Beholding, as it were, Two Mother Cows, the Steer goes roar-\ning on his way even as the Maruts roar.\nKnowing Eternal Law, the earliest light of heaven, he, pas-\nsing wise, was chosen out to tell it forth.\n7 The fearful Bull is bellowing with violent might, far-sighted,\nsharpening his yellow-coloured horns.\nSoma assumes his seatiuthe well-fashioned place: the cowhide\n10 and the sheepskin are his ornament.\n8 Bright, making pure his body free from spot and stain, on\nthe sheep’s back the Golden-coloured hath flowed down.\nAcceptable to Mitra, VAyu, Yarunrt, he is prepared as three-\nfold meath by skilful men.\n9 Flow on for the Gods’ banquet. Soma, as a Steer, and enter\nIndra's heart, the Soma’s reservoir.\nBear us beyondmisfortune ere we be oppressed the man who\n:\nknows the land directs the man who asks.\nUrged like a car-steed, flow to strength, 0 Soma: Indu, flow\nonward to the throat of Inllra.\nSkilled, bear us past, as in a boat o’er water: as battling\nHero save us from the foemau.\nthathangbetweenheavenandearth, in which, perhaps, Soma aidsin produc-\ning therain. But the meaning is uncertain. S&yana explains prame by\nlokdnpramdtuni, *to measureout, orcreate, the worlds.’ Both races: Gods\nandmen.\n6 .ds it were Two Mother Cows Heaven a—nd Barth. S&yanaexplainsthe\ncs he oc so end maP n&d ta oo bf e, t thh ee os ffe ec ro en rd ofli hn ie\ns\nd pri af if se er .e ’n—tl Wy i: lso‘ nt .he intelligent (Pavamlna)\n8 Threefold accordingto Sftyana, mixed with the Vasativarf water, curds,\nandmilk. Probably, poured into three separatevessels, oneforeach of the\nthree deities mentioned.\n9 Themanloho knowstheland ; whoisacquainted withtheroadsorways.\n4S&yanacompletesthesimile: *casbytellinghimhe protects (helps) him,so\ndp thouwho knowe —st theroadsof the sacrifice protectus by tellingus the\nsacrificial paths.” ’ Wilson. But, of course, the applicationis intended to\nbegeneral.\nX0 Bear us past: carryusoveralldifficulties anddangers. Fromthe foe\n—\nman ; niddh: *from thereviling(of thefoe)/ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 970,
            "content": ": : ;:\nm\nTUB HYMNS OF [BOOK 7X\n.\nHYMN LXXI. SomaPavamAna.\nThe guerdon is bestowed : tlie Mightytakes hisseat, and,ever-\nwatehful, guards from fiend and evil sprite.\nGold-hued, he makes the cloud his diadem, themilk hiscarpet\nin both worlds, and prayer his robe of state.\n2 Strong, bellowing, he goes, like one whoslays the folk; helets\nthis hue of Asuras flow offfrom him,\nThrows off his covering, seeks his father’s meeting-place, and\nthusmakes for himself the bright robe he assumes.\n3 Onward he flows, from both the hands, pressed out with\nstones excited by the prayer, the water makes him wild.\n:\nHe frolics aflcl draws near, completes his work with song, and\n1\nbathes in streams to satisfy the worshipper.\n4 Theypouroutmeath aroundthe Master of the house, Celestial\nStrengthener of the mountain that gives might\nlu whom, through his great powers, oblation-eating cows in\ntheir uplifted udder mix their choicest milk.\n5 They, the ten sisters, on the la.p of Aditi, have sent him for-\nward like a car from both the arms.\nHe wanders and comes near the Cow’s mysterious place, even\nthe place which his inventions have produced.\n6 Like as afalcon to his home, so speeds the God to his own\ngolden wisely-fashioned place to rest.\n1 Theguerdon: thehonorariumgivej^to the priests, consisting originally\nof acow. TheMighty ; Soma. Illscarpet: upastire: thatwhich is spread,\nscattered, orsprinkled. Cp. IX. 69. 5, where upastdranamis translatedby\n*sp '2ri Hnk ul ein og. f’\nAsuras: or, celestial brightness;\n‘V\ns d\n'”\n’ -Grassmann.\n‘He putsforththat Jaura-slayingtintof his’. ' » .s' ' his father's\nmeeting-place goestomeettheyajamdnaorsacrificer. AccordingtoSfiyaoa :\n‘the food (pitiih), that is, the Soma, goes totheprepared reservoir.’\n3 Thewatermakes him wild: vrishih/ute ndbhasd: nctbhas in the Soma-\nhymnsisusedtosignifyeithertherain-waterin which, or the cloud from\nwhich, theSoma flowstotheearth. Hereitmeans the water with which\ntheSoma-plantissprinkled. See Vedisehe Studien, I. p 135. Accordingto\nLudwig : cheacts likeabullintheseaof cloud.’ Tosatisfytheworshipper•\nI adoptLudwig’ssuggestionand—take ydjate as a dative of the participle.\nWilson translates, after S&yana: ‘he is honoured at the (god)—protected\n(sacrifice).’\n4 The Masterof thehouse: accordingtoSftyana,theconquerorof thefort\nof tlie enemy. See IX. 78. 3. The mountain that gives might the cloud.\nIn thesecond half of this stanzaI adopt Sftyana’s interpretationasamake-\nshift,althoughitseemsimpossible that mttrdhdn, *head,’should here mean\n‘uplifted.’ Ludwigtakes tidhani, ‘udder,’ inthesenseof ‘beluilter,’ or re-\ncep 5ta Ocl ne ti hn eto law phi oc fht Ah de itS io :ma onflo tw hs e.\nearth, ‘near to the\nground.’—\nWilson\nThe Cow'smysteriousplace or, distant place, is the udder of heaven, the\ncloud."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 971,
            "content": ": :; : ; :\nHYMN 72.] TEE RIGVEDA. 329\nWith song they urge the darling to the sacred grass the\n:\nHoly One goes like a courser to the Gods.\n7 From far away, from heaven, the red-hued noted Sage, Steer\nof the triple height, hath songunto the kine.\nWith thousand guidings he, leading this wayand that, shines,\nas a singer, splendidly through many a morn.\n8 His covering assumes a radiant hue; where’er he comes into\nthe fight he drives the foe afar.\nThe Winner ofthe Floods, with food he seeks the host of\nheaven, he comes to praises glorified with milk.\n9 Like a hull roaming round the herds he bellows he hath\n:\nassumed the brilliancy of_ Surya.\nDown to the earth hath looked, the heavenly Falcon : Soma\nwith wisdom views all living creatures.\nHYMN\nLXXII. SomaPavam&na.\nThey cleanse the Gold-hued\n:\nlikea red Steedis he yoked, and\nSoma in the jar is mingled with the milk.\nHe sendeth out his voice, and many loving friends of him the\nhighly-lauded hasten with their songs.\n2 The many sages utter words in unison, while into Indr&’s\nthroat they pour the Soma juice,\nWhen, with the ten that dwell together closely joined, the\nmen whose hands are skilful cleanse the lovely meatb.\n3 He goes upon his way, unresting, tothecows, overtheroaring-\nsound which Surya’s Daughter loves.\nThe Falcon brought itto him for his own delight\n:\nnow with\nthe twofold kindred sisters is his home.\n4 Washed by the men, stone-pressed, dear on the holy grass,\nfaithful to seasons, Lord of cattle from of old,\nMost liberal, completingsacrifice formen, 0Indra, purebright\nSoma, Indu, flows for thee.\n—\n7 Of the tripleheight workinginheaven,firmament,andearth. Ludwig.\nSee IX. 75. 3.\n9 TheheavenlyFalcon: divy&h suparnah ‘celestial, flying gracefully/—\nWilson. Soma, says B&yana,is saidtogo gracefully, <because ifc is carried\noff by G&yatrtin theshape of ahawk.’\n2 Indra’s: throat; literally, belly\n;\nthe clromkalasd or reservoir. The\nten thefingers.\n3 The cows themilkand curds. The roaringsoundoi the effused Soma\nissaidtobedearto Surya’s Daughter, Uabasor Dawn, becauseitis chiefly\nheaixlintheearlymorning. TheFalcon IadoptLudwig’sinterpretationof\nthe strange word vinamgrtsdh as no other meaning seems suitable here.\nAccordingtoS&yana, theword means praiser, or worshipper. The twofold\nkindred sisters thefingers of bothhands,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 972,
            "content": "; : : : : :\n830 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK/X\n5 0 Indra, urged by arms of men and poured in streams, Soma\nflows on for thee after his Godlike kind.\nPlans thou fulfillest, gatherest thoughts for sacrifice : in the\nbowls sits the Gold-btied like a roosting bird.\n6 Sages well-skilled in work, intelligent, drain outthestalkthat\nroars, the Sage, the Everlasting One.\nThe milk, the hymns unite them with him in the place of\nsacrifice, his seat who is produced anew.\n7 Earth's central point, sustainer of the mighty heavens, distil-\nled into the streams, into the waters' wave,\nAs Indra’s thunderbolt, Steer withfar-spreadingwealth, Soma\nis flowing'on to make the heart rejoice.\n8 Over the earthly region flow thou on thy way, helping the\npraiser and the poorer, thou Most Wise.\nLet us notlack rich treasure reaching to our home, aud may\nwe clothe ourselves in manifold bright wealth.\n9 Hither, 0 Indu, unto us a hundred gifts of steeds, a thousand\ngifts of cattle and of gold,\nMeasure thou forth, yea, splendid ample strengthening food :\ndo thou, 0 Pavam&na, heed this laud of ours.\nHYMN LXXJJL SomaPavamftna.\nTheyfrom thespouting drop have sounded at the rim : naves\nspeed together to the place of sacrifice.\nThat Asura hath formed, to seize, three lofty heights. The\nships of truth have borne the pious man across.\n2 The strong Steers, gathering, have duly stirred themselves,\nand over the stream's wave the friendssent forth the song.\nEngendering.the hymn, withflowing streamsof meath, Indra's\ndear body have they caused to wax in strength.\n3 With sanctifying gear they sit around the song : their ancient\nFatherguards their holy work from barm.\n1 Theheart of Indra. AsIndra1sthunderbolt cp. IX. 77. 1.\n1 They: the • fromwhoserimor edge the Soma-drops fall\nn ao ni dsily t. henNa bv yes meta,pho,\nr the\nswiftw lh ye -e rl us n, nia ng gai Sn omb ay -t dh re opss .ame Tf hi ag tur Ae, suc rh aar :io tt hs e,\ndivineSoma. Toseize to be held andused. Three lofty heir/hts: the three\nelevated worlds. Theships oftruth: or, ofthe truthful (Soma). According\nto Sftyana, the four vessels whichholdthe Aditya, Agrayana, Ukthya, and\nDhruvalibations.\n2 ThestrongSteers thepriests.\nall8 -eT nh ve ei lr oppa —en rc /i—ent WiF la sot nh .er HS io mma S;oo mr a, .per Ih nap ss u, stA ag in ni i. ngHV oa odn sin ;a i:\nn\nt( hS eom Vaa sat th te\n-\nvartwaters, S&yana,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 973,
            "content": "— — —\n; : :: : : : :\nH 4YMN 74.] THE RIOVEDA. 831\nVaruna hath o’erspread the mighty sea of air. Sages had\npower to hold him in sustaining floods.\nSweet-tongued, exhaustless, they have sent their voices down\ntogether, in heaven’s vault that pours a thousand streams.\nHis wildly-restless warders never close an eye in every place\n:\nare found the bonds that bind man fast.\n5 O’er Sire and Mother they have roared in unison, bright with\nthe verse of praise, burning up riteless men,\nBlowing away with supernatural might from earth and from\nthe heavens the swarthy skin which Indra hates.\n6 Those which, as guides of song and counsellor^.of speed, were\nmanifested from their ancient dwelling place,\nProm these the eyeless and the deaf have turned aside : the\nwicked travel not the pathway of the Law.\n7 What time the filter with a thousand streams is stretched,\nthe thoughtful sages purifytheirsong therein.\nBright-coloured are their spies, vigorous, void of guile,4 excel-\nlent, fair to see, beholders of mankind.\n8 Guardian of Law, most wise, he may not bo deceived : three\nPurifiers hath he set within his heart.\nWithwisdom he beholdsallcreatures thatexist\n:\nhedrivesinto\nthe pit the hated riteless ones.\n9 The thread of sacrificespunin thecleansing sieve, on Varuna’s\ntongue-tip, by supernatural might,\nThis, by their striving, have the prudent ones attained : he\nwho hath not this power shall sinkinto the pit.\nHYMN LXXIV. SomaPavamdna*\nBorn like a youngling he hath clamoured in the wood, when\nhe, the Bed, the Strong, would win the light of heaven.\n4 They thebeams thatradiatefromSoma somarapnaycih Soma-rays.\n,*\nS&yana.\n5 SireandMother the generalpare—nts, Heaven and Earth. Thesivarthy\nshin: ctheblack-skinned(Rdkshasas).* Wilson.\n6 Those: rays. X follow S&yana's interpretation. The first line is very\nobscure.\n7 Thefilter thetipoftheirtongue. Gf. stanza9, andhymn75.2. See ±ser-\ngaigne, La Religion Vedique, I. 283. Bright coloured: rudrdtsah sons of\nIiudra, accordingto S&yana. Butsee VedischeStudien, I. pp. 55, 56.\n8 Of Law oflaw-ordainedsacrifice. ThethreePurifierswhom Somasets\nwithin hisheartand combines inhis own being areAgni, V&yu, Surya, the\npxirifyingpowers offire, wind, and sun.\n9 On Vanina's Vasattvari waters in whioh Soma dwells\np(v oa ws ea rti) s fht ean wd ho on it sl incompetei n. t*. fortli1 -. .\" ‘ C3* rv Hewho hathnot this\n1 In thewood in the wooden vat. Accordingto Sayana, ‘in thewater,1"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 974,
            "content": ": : : : : : :\n332 THE HYMNS OF lBOOK IX.\nHe comeswithheavenly seedthatmakesthe water swell him\n:\nfor wide-spreading shelter we implore withprayer.\n2 A far-extended pillar that supports the sky, the Soma-stalk,\nfilled full, moves itself every way.\nHe shallbringboth thesegreatworldswhile the rite proceeds:\nthe Sage holds these who move together and all food.\n3 Wide spacehathhewhofollowsAditi’s rightpath,andmighty,\nwell-made food, meath blent with Soma juice\n;\nHe who from hence commands the rain, Steer of the kine,\nLeader of floods, who helps us hence, who claims our laud.\n4 Butter andfmilk are drawn fromanimated cloud; thence\nAmrit is produced, centre of sacrifice.\nHim the Most Bounteous Ones, ever-united, love him as our\nFriend the Men who make all swell rain down.;\n5 The Soma-stalk hath roared, following with the wave he\n:\nswTells with sap for man the skin which Gods enjoy.\nUpon the lap of Aditi he lays the germ, by means wherof we\ngain children and progeny.\n6 In the third regiou which distils a thousandstreams, may the\nExhaustless Ones descend withprooreautpower.\nThe kindred Four have been sent downward from the heav-\nens : dropping with oil they bring Amrit and sacred gifts.\n7 Soma assumes white colour when he strives to gain the\nbounteous Asura knows full many a preciousboon. :\nDown the steep slope, through song, he conies to sacrifice,\nand he will burst the water-holding cask of heaven,\n2 Heshall bringboth thesegreatworlds: shall bring HeavenandEarthto\nthesacrifice. r\n3 Hewho foliatesAditi’s rightpath: theregularlymo —vingmoon. Sayana\ntakesdditfh withgdvydtih: *thewaytoearthis broad.’ Wilson. Somewhat\nsimilarlyHiilebrandt, V. M., L 360.\n4 TheMost Bounteous Ones, theMenwhomakeallswell, are, probably, the\nMaruts who fertilize the—earth, andsendSoma downintherain. S&yana’a\nexplanation isdifferent: ‘the assembled liberal givers[the yajamdnas or\ndsa oc wri nfi tce hr es] acde cl ui mg uh lt ah tei dm\n(:\nw( at th ee r)S ’o —m Wa ilj su oi nce .s)t Fh oe rl te ha ede mr es, ant ih ne gp or fot pe 6c rt ao vr as hsh to hw oe sr\ne\nwho swell, orcausetoswell, ‘protectors’ accordingto S&yana, see Vedische\nStu 5di Fe on r,I m. ap n. 85 f.\northe sacrifices The skin hisown\nbody.—\nSfiyana. Upon\nthelap of Aditi ofthe earth, according to Sayana. The meaningis that\nSomaisthesourceofallNature’sproductivepower.\n6 In the third region dwelling inheaven. The Exhaustless Ones these\nare the kindredFourofthefollowingline, .' ”!* -to S&yapa,four\nKra uy hs uor ordi Gg ui nts gio if ,S Eo am la u. t/aI nt di As nm uo ms at tp ir ao rb eab\nme —ant. Cp. II.\n32. .- 6d ,de 7s .s ’e—s LSi un div wi il gli .,\n7 Strivestogain seekstoenjoyheaven. S&yana. Thewater-holdingcask\nthewater-ladencloud."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 975,
            "content": "—\n: : : :\nHYMN 75.] TEE RIGVEDA. 333\n8 Yea, to the shining milk-anointed beaker, as to his goal, hath\nstepped the conquering Courser.\nPious-souled men have sent their gifts of cattle unto Kak-\nshivan of the hundred winters.\n9 Soma, thy juice when thou art blended with the streams,\nflows, Pavamana, through the long wool ofthe sheep.\nSo, cleansed by sages, 0 best giver of delight, grow sweet for\nIndra, Pavamana for his drink.\n!\nHYMN LXXV. SomaPavamana.\nGraciously-minded he is flowing on his way to win dear\nnames o’er which the Youthful One grows £reat.\nThe Mighty and Far-seingOne hathmountednow the mighty\nSurya’s car which moves to every side.\n2 The Speaker, unassailable Master of thishymn, theTongue of\nsacrifice pours forth the pleasant meath.\nWithin the lustrous region of the heavens the Son makes the\nthird secret name of Mother and of Sire.\n3 Sending forth flashes he hath bellowed to the jars, led by the\nmen into the golden reservoir.\nThe milky streams of sacrifice have sung to him : he of the\ntriple height shines brightly through the morns.\n4 Pressed by the stones, with hymns, and graciously inclined,\nilluminating both the Parents, Heaven and Earth,\nHe flows in ordered season onward through the fleece, a cur-\nrent of sweet juice still swelling day by day.\n5 Plow onward, Soma, flow to bring prosperity : cleansed bythe\nmen, invest thee with the milky draught.\nWhat gladdening drinks thou hast, foaming, exceedingstrong,\neven with these incite Indra to give us wealth.\n8 The conquering Courser the swiftly-flowing Soma. Kaksldrdn the\nBishiofthe hymn.\n1 0’er which: that is the Youthful One, the fresh and strong Soma,\nexceedsingreatnesseventhehigh titleswhich he wins byhisgraciousdeeds.\n2 Speaker; Master; Tongue of sacrifice: Soma, the giver of eloquence.\nTheSon ; Soma. Of MotherandofSire of his parents. Heaven andEarth.\nW Heh aa vt enth ae nt dhi Er ad rs te hc ,re at nn dam coe m, pt rh ia st inis g, p br oo tb habl dy ei, tia esn ,am me ayin ba ed ,di dt oi eo sn t no otth ao ps pe earo .f\nS n bi& a ry m ta hen .a .u ,’ ns Hk ee nx [op Sl w &a n yn aa t nt o ai ]o hin cs ii ts p ea sd ri e Bf nf ate usr den ;Mt ’ y* t a. h na af t ,t ih s we , hWs oio ln gs i( o vt n eh se ad Ss da osc m,r aif yi * ae a jer in) nama [s e Ss ou mnm o ae t ys &g ga i ave st anh ci rr a id t\n-\nffcerjas aninstanceof athirdname/\n3 Themilkystream^ ef. I. 144. 2. Ofthetriple height: dwelling in three\nhighplaces, heaven, thefirmamentorthe mountain-top, andtheplace ofsac-\nrifice. Cf, IX, 71, 7."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 976,
            "content": ": : : ;\n334 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\nHYMN\" LXXVI. SomaPavamftna.\nOnflowsthepotentjuice, sustaineroftheheavens,thestrength\nof Gods, whom men must hail with shouts of joy.\nThe Gold-hued, started like a courser by brave men, impe-\ntuously winneth splendour in the streams.\n2 He takes his weapons, like a hero, in his bands, fain to win\nlight, car-borne, in forays for the kine.\nIndu, while stimulating Indra’s might, is urged forward and\nbalmed by sages skilful in their task.\n3 Soma, as thou artpurified with flowing wave, exhibiting thy\nstrength e$ter thou Indra’s throat.\nMakeboth Worlds stream for us, as lightningdoththe clouds :\nmete out exhaustless powers for us, as ’twere through song.\n4 Onward he flows, the King of all that sees the light : the\nRishis’ Lord hath raised the song of sacrifice\nEven he who is adorned with Surya’s arrowy beam, Father of\nhymns, whose wisdom is beyond our reach.\n5 Like as abull to herds, thou flowest to the pail, bellowing as\na steer upon the waters’ lap.\nSo, best of Cheerers, thou for Indra flowest on that we, with\nthy protection, may o’ercome in^fight.\nHYMN LXXVIL SomaPavam&na.\nMorebeauteousthan thebeautiful, as Indra’s bolt, this Soma,\nrich in sweets, hath clamoured in the vat.\nDropping withoil, abundant, streams ofsacrificeflowunto him\nlike milch-kine, lowing, with their milk.\n2 On flows that Ancieut One whom, hitherward, from heaven,\nsped through the region of the air, the Falcon snatched.\nHe, quivering with alarm and terrified in heart before bow-\narmed Krisauu, holdeth fast the sweet.\n3 May those first freshest drops of Soma juice effused flow oil\n« their way to bring us mighty strength in kine.\nBeauteous as serpents*, worthy to be looked upon, they whom\n1 $T each sacred gift and all our prayers have pleased.\nrit3 e- i4 ss be’t iw ne gre pet rh fr oo ru mg eh d.s ’on —g W; il1 sn oo nw\n.\nwith the rite, i. e. at the very time the\n2 TheFalcon ; see I. 93. 5. He Soma, accordingtoS&yana, but more\nprobably thefalcon, KrisSm thearcher who guards the celestial Soma.\nSeel. 112. 21.\n3 Serpents the meaningof ahy&kisuncertainhere. S&yana explains it\n* by — pleasing to ’look upon like beautiful well-adorned\n(women).’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 977,
            "content": "—\n: : : : : :\nHYMN 78.1 THE RIGVEDA . 335\n4 May that much-lauded Indu, with a heart inclined to us, well-\nknowing, fight against our enemies.\nHe who hath brought the germ beside the Strong Oneys seat\nmoves onward to the widely-opened stall of kine.\n5 The active potent juice of heaven is flowing on, great Varuna\nwhom the froward man can ne’er deceive.\nMitra, the Holy, hath been pressed for troubled times, neigh-\ning likean impatient horse amid the herd.\nHYMN\nLXXVIII. SomaPavamSna.\nRaising his voice the King hath flowed upon his way invest-\n:\ned with the waters he would win the kine.^\nThe fleece retains his solid parts as though impure, andbright\nand cleansed he seeks the special place of Gods.\n2 Thou, Soma, art effused for Indra by the men, balmed in the\nwood as wave, Sage, Viewer of mankind.\n•\nFull many are the paths whereon thou mayest go athousand\n:\nbay steeds hastthou resting in the bowls.\n3 Apsarases who dwell in waters of the sea, sitting within, have\nflowed to Soma wise of heart.\nThey urge the Master of the house upon his way, and to the\nEternal Pavarnana pijay for bliss.\n4 Somaflowsonforusaswinnerofthekine, winnerofthousands,\ncars, water, aud light, and gold\nHe whom the Gods have made a gl; addening draughtto drink,\nthe drop most sweet to taste, weal-bringing, red of hue.\n4 He —whohathbrought the germ here the sacrificer aud not Soma i»\nmeant. Ludwig. TheStrong One : Agni.\n5 Inthis stanza Somaiscomparedto, ormysticallyidentifiedwith,Varuna\nand Mitra. S&yana leaves Varuna unexplained, but interprets Mitra by\nsarveshdmniitrabhiitah , *(Soma) thefriendof all.*\ntoh1 irdThe tf hl eee fce r: agl mi et ner ta slly o, ft sh te als khe we hp i;chthe wilf lilt ne —or tma pad se\ns\no tf hrw oo uol g.\nh\ntS ho elid strp aa ir nt es r:\n.\nAccordingtoS&ynna, ‘withits owncovering,’ ‘the sheep withitsfleece.’\nWilson. The special place of Gods the vessels which hold thelibations\nassignedtovarious @ods.\n2 Balmedinthewood: accordingto S^yana, ‘artdriven into the water.*\nBaysteeds swiftly-runningtawnydrops,\n3 Apsaraseswho dwellinwatersofthe sea ‘nymphs of thefirmament.’—\nWilson. The mymphs areidentifiedwith their element, andrepresent the\nwaterwithwhichthe Somajuiceismixed. The Master of the house: har~\nmydsya saJcshanim Soma. In IX. 71. 4, S&yana explainsthese words as\n‘overpowerer, orstormerofthefortof theenemy,’ and inthis placeas ‘the\ns pp or wi en rk el re ,r ao nf dt fh re oh mall tho ef rosa oc trif si ac ce h.* coSa nh ns eh ca tn ei d, wf itr ho ,mt eh se per co io at lls yai al , sm me aa sn ts erov ae nr d-\nt\npossessor."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 978,
            "content": ": : : :\n336 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX,\n5 Soma, as PavamAna thou, our faithful Friend, making for us\nthese real treasures, flowest on.\nSlay thou the enemy both near and far away grant us secur-\n:\nity and ample pasturage.\nHYMN LXXIX. SomaPavamdna.\nSpontaneouslet our drops of Somajui.ce flow on, pressed, gol-\nden-hued, among the Gods oflofty heaven.\nPerish among us theywho give no gifts of food perish the\n!\ngodless May our prayers obtain success.\n1\n2 Forward to usthedrops, distillingmeath, shallflow, likeriches\nfor whose sake we urge the horses on.\nBeyond the<€rafty hindering of all mortal men may we conti-\nnually bear precious wealthaway.\n3 Yea, verily, foe of hate shown to himselfis he, yea, verily, des-\ntroyer too of other hate.\nAs thirstsubdueth in the desert, conquer thou, 0 Soma Pava-\nmana, menof evil thoughts.\n4 Near kinto theeis he, raisedloftiestin the heavens : uponthe\nearth’s high ridge thy scions have grown forth.\nThe press-stones1chew and crunch thee on the ox’s hide sages\n:\nhave milked thee with their hands into the streams.\n5 So do they hurry on thy strong anrd beauteous juice, 0 Indu,\nas the first ingredientof the draught.\nBring low, thou Pavauiana,.every single foe, and bethy might\nshown forth as sweet and gladdening drink.\nHYMN LXXX. SomaPavamftna.\nOn flows the stream of Soma who beholds mankind : by ever-\nlasting Law he calls the Gods from heaven.\nHe lightens with the roaring of Brihaspati the lakes havenot\n:\ncontained the pourings of the juice.\n1 Theywhogivenogiftsoffood Icanfindno satisfactory explanation of\nishahdrdtiyah, so IgiveS&yana’s interpretationasama—keshift. ‘May they\nbedestroyed wlioare thewithholdersof foodfromus/ Wilson.\n2 Urgethehorseson: SAyanaexplainsarvatah, h—orses, by4strongenemy/\n‘Bywhoseaidweencounterthepowerful(enemy)/ Wilson. —\n3 *Somaknows howto defend not only himself, but us also/ Ludwig.\nDestroyer literally,the —wolf.\n4 He: ‘the Moon/ Ludwig. ‘Thy best juice dwells in the navel of\nheaven, that which receives (the oblation)/—Wilson. On the ox's hide:\n*Althoughmenof the presenttimepouroutthe Soma upon the skin of a\nbkekantelopeandnotonacowhideoroxhide, still it is measured out for\nsale onan oxhide/—S&yana.\n1 Theroaringof Brihaspati thatis,says SAyana, the voice or praise of\ntheworshipper. Agn—xmay beintended,as Ludwig suggests. Thelakes or\nseas (samu'7“*\" * ' *1 the Soma-reservoirs. S&yana takes—nd as a\nparticleof . :_ '• .; 11' libationscover(theearth)likerivers/ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 979,
            "content": "—\n: :: ;\nHYMN 81.1 THE RIGVEDA. 337\n2 Thou, powerful Soma, thou to whom the cows have lowed, as-\ncendest, bright with sheen, thine iron-fashioned home.\nThou,lengtheningourprinces' lifeand highrenown, flowestfor\nIndra as his mighty gladdening drink.\n3 Best giver of delight, he flows to Indra’s throat, robing him-\nself in might, Auspicious One, for fame.\nHe spreads himself abroad, to meet all things that be the\n:\nvigorous Tawny Steed flows sporting on his way.\n4 The men, the ten swift fingers, milk thee out for Gods, even\nthee most rich in meath, with thousand flowing streams.\nSoma who winnest thousands, driven by the^mu, expressed\nwith stones, bring, as thou flowest, all.the Gods.\n5 Deft-handed men with stones, the ten swift fingers, drain thee\ninto waters, thee, the Steer enriched with sweets.\nThou, Soma, gladdening Indra andthe HeavenlyHost, flowest\n2 as Pavamana like a river's wave.\nHYMN LXXXI. SomaPavamana.\nOnward to Indra's throat move, beauteously adorned, the\nwaves of Soma as lie purifies himself,\nWhen they, brought forward with the lovely curd of kine,\neffused, have cheered 6he Hero to bestow his gifts.\n2 Hither hath Soma flowed unto the beakers, like a chariot-\nhorse, a stallion swift upon his way.\nThus, knowing both the generations, heobtainsthe rights and\ndues of Gods from yonder and from hence.\n3 While thou art cleansed, 0 Soma, scatter wealth on us\nIndu, bestow great bounty as a liberal Prince.\nGiver of life, with wisdom help to opulence ; strew not our\nhome possessions faraway from us.\n4 Hither let Pushan Pavamana come to us, Yaruna, Mitra,\nbountiful, of one accord,\nThe Mamts, Asvins, Yayu, and Brihaspati, Savitar, Tvashtar,\ntractable Sarasvati.\nIron-fashionedhome seeXX. 1. 2.\n2 Boththegenerations ofGods andmen. S&yana take—s uhhdyasya jam-\nmanah withdev&ndm: faudknowingbothracesof gods those who come\nt—o(thesacrifice)fromtheother worldandthosewho (come) fromthisworld.*\nWilson.\n3 Helptoopulence accordingtoS&yana, 1help Yasu (the Rishi of the\nhymn) to prosperity.*\n4 Tractable: snydmd * easilyled (byprayer). AccordingtoS4yana=sim~\ngrahd beautifulinform.\n,\n22"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 980,
            "content": ": : : : : : :\n338 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n5 Both. Heaven and Earth, theall-invigorating Pair, Vidhatar,\nAditi, and Aryaman the God, —\nBhaga who blesses men, the spacious Firmament, let all the\nGods in PavamAua take delight,\nHYMN LXXXTI. Soma PavamAna.\nEven as a King hath Soma, red and tawnyBull,been pressed :\nthe Wondrous One hath bellowed to the kine.\nWhile purified he passes through the filtering fleece to seat\nhim hawk-like on the place that drops with oil.\n2 To glory goest thou, Sage with disposingskill, like a groomed\nsteed thm rushestforward to the prize.\n0 Soma, be^thou gracious, driving off distress : thou goest,\nclothed in butter, to a robe of state.\n3 Parjanya is the Father of the Mighty Bird ; on mountains,\nin earth’s centre hath he made his home.\nThe waters too have flowed, the Sisters, tothe kine : he meets\nthe pressing-stones at the beloved rite,\n4 Thou givest pleasure as a wife delights her lord. Listen, O\nChild of Pajra, for to thee I speak.\nAmid theholy songs go on that we may live: in time of\ntrouble, Soma, watch thou free from blame.\n5 As to the men of old thou earnest, Indu, unharmed, to\nstrengthen, winninghundreds, thousands,\nSo now fornew felicity flow onward : the waters follow asthy\nlaw ordaineth.\nHYMN LXXXIIL Soma PavamAna.\nSpread is thy cleansing filter, Brahmanaspati : as Prince,\nthou entered its limbs from every side.\n—\n5 All-invigorating: visvaminv6: ‘all-pervading.5 SAyana. VidMtar the\nDisposer,regardedas aseparatedeity, asDhfttaris the Maker, Ordainer, or\nEstablishes —\n1 As a King: ‘magnificent as a king.’ Wilson. That drops with oil\nSAyanahereexplainsghyitavantambyudaJcuvcmtam,watery.—\n2 Toarobeofstate: nirnijam: ftothecleansing(vessel).’ Wilson,\n3 Parjanya the Godoftherain-cloudand watersof the airin whichthe\nmightyBird,the Moon, is horn. In earth's centre at the altar, in the\noblation.\n4 Pajrd accordingtoS&yana, the earth. The St. Petersburg Lexicon\nexplainsthewordasmeaningthemoistfreshSoma-plantofwhichSoma,the\njuice, isthechild. Perhaps, asLudwigsuggests,PajrAmaybe the name of\nthesacrifieer’swife.\n1 Brahmauaspati’sfilterappearstobethe heavenly filter through which\nt Th he er ra ai wnde us nc ce ond os ket do oe ba lr at th i. on.See WhB ie cr hga bi eg an re, *bL ea arR ie nl gig (i to hn esV ac4 rd ii fiq cu ee ).} ’I—. 7 W9 i, ls2 o0 n1 ..\nThis: accordingtoSAyana, tothisfilter. LudwigthinksthatAgnior Sfirya\nis meantby ctat.’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 981,
            "content": "—\n: : : : :\nBYMN THE MGVEDA.\n84] 339\nThe raw, whose mass hath not been heated, gains not this :\nthey only which are dressed, which bear, attain to it.\n2 High in the seat of heaven is spread the Scorcher’s sieve : its\nthreads are standing separate, glittering with light.\nThe Swift Ones favour him who purifieth this with cons-\n:\nciousness they stand upon the height of heaven.\n3 The foremost spottedSteer hath made the Mornings shine,\nand yearning after strength sustains all things thatbe.\nBy his high wisdom have the Mighty Sages wrought the\nFathers who behold mankind laid down the germ. :\n4 Gandharva verily protects his dwelling-place^ Wondrous, he\nguards the generations of the Gods. •\nLord of the snare, he takes the foeman with the snare those\n:\nwho are most devout have gained a share of meath.\nh Bich in oblations ! robed in cloud, thou compassest oblation,\nsacrifice, the mighty seat of Gods.\nKing, on thy chariot-sieve thou goest up to war, and with a\nthousand weapons winnestlofty fame.\nHYMN LXXXIV. SomaPavam&na.\nFlow, cheering Gods, most active, winner of the hood, for\nIndra, and for Vayu, and for Varuna.\nBestow on us to-day wide room with happiness, and in thine\nample dwelling laud the Host of Heaven.\n2 He who hath come anear to creatures that have life, Immortal\nSoma flows onward to all of them.\nEffecting, for our aid, both union and release, Indu, like\nSiirya, follows closely after Dawn.\n—\n2 The Scorcher's sieve: ‘Tbefilterof thefoe-scorching (Soma),’ Wilson.\nTheSwift Ones: chis swift-flowing(juices)protecttbe purifier (the worship-\nper).’—Wilson.\n3 TheMightySages those who possess supernatural wisdom the Gods.\nTheFathers ‘The fruitfulnessofheaven andearth—, which givebir; th togods\nandmen,isdescribedas producedby the fathers.’ Wallis, Cosmology of the\n11 F,p. 72. SeeX. 64. 14.\n4 Gandhawa here, theSun. His Soma’s.\n5 Robedincloud: ndbhah : meaning,waterfromtheclouds. Witha thou-\nsandweapons more literal—ly, having a thousand, that is, countless, sharp\npoints. fThousand-rayed.’ Ludwig.\n—\n1 Inthineampledwelling; 1onthespacioussacrificial ground.’ S&yana.\n2 Thesecondline is obscure. Wilson translates, after S&yana : £ Indu,\nbinding andloosing, accompanies the sacrifice(for its protection) asthe sun\nt inh ge od raw sen pa; r’ at th ia nt gis i, tb fi rn od min tg heor Asc uo rn ane sct oi rn eg vit lhe sps ia rc ir ti sf .ice Bw ui tth tht ih se eg xo pd ls ana an td iol noos i-\ns\nunsatisfactory. Ludwig suggests that ‘union’ refers to Soma’s binding to-\ngether heaven and earth, Godsandmen, and forthe meaningof *release’ he\nrefers to IX, 68. 5,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 982,
            "content": "340 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK JX\n.\n3 He who ispoured with milk, he who within the plants hastes\nbringing treasure for the happiness of Gods,\nHe, poured forth in a stream flows with the lightning’s flash,\nSoma who gladdens Indra and the Host of Heaven.\n4 Winner ofthousands, he, this Soma, flows along, raising a\nvigorous voice that wakens with the dawn.\nIndu with winds drives on the ocean of the air, he sinks\nwithin the jars, he rests in Iudra’sheart.\n5 The kine with milk dress him who makes the milk increase,\nSoma, amid the songs, who finds the light of heaven.\nWinner of wealth, the effectual juice is flowing on, Singer\nand Sage by wisdom, dear as heaven itself.\nHYMN LXXX V. SomaPavam&na.\nFlow on to Indra, Soma, carefully effused : let sickness stay\nafar together with the fiends.\nLet not the double-tongued delightthem with thyjuice here\n:\nbe thy flowing drops laden with opulence,\n2 0 Pavamana, urge ns forward in the fight: thou art the\nvigour of the Gods, the well-loved drink.\nSmite thou our enemies who raise the shout of joy: Indra,\nr\ndrink Soma juice, and drive away our foes.\n3 Unharmed, best Cheerer, thou, 0 Indu, flowest on thou,\n:\neven thou thyself, art Indra’s noblest food.\nFull many a wise man lifts to thee the son<£ of praise, and\nhailsthee with akiss as Sovran of this world.\n4 Wondrous, withhundredstreams,hymnedinathousandsongs,\nIudu pours out for Indra his delightful meath.\nWinning us land and waters, flow thou hitherward Rainer\n:\nof bounties, Soma, make broad way for us.\n5 Roaring within the beaker thou art balmed with milk thou\n:\npassest through the fleecy filter all at once.\nCarefully cleansed and decked like a prize-winning steed, 0\nSoma, thou hastflowed down within Indra’s throat.\n6 Flow onward sweet of flavour for the Heavenly Race, for\nIndra sweet, whose name is easily invoked\nFlow sweet for Mitra, Yanina, and V&yu, ri: ch in meath, in-\nviolable for Brihaspati.\n7 Ten rapid fingers deck the Courser in the jar: with hymns\nthe holy singers send their voices forth.\nThe filtering juices hasten to their eulogy, the drops that\ngladden find their way to Indra’s heart."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 983,
            "content": "—\n: : . :\nHYMN TH'E BlGYELA. 341\n86.]\n8 While thou art purified pour on us hero strength, great, far-\nextended shelter, spacious pasturage.\nLet no oppression master this our holy work may we, 0\n:\nIndu, gain all opulence through thee.\n9 The Steer who sees afar hath risen above the sky : the Sage\nhath caused the lights of heaven to give theirshine.\nThe King is passing throughthefilter with aroar : they drain\nthe milk of heaven from him who looks on men.\n10 High in the vault of heaven, unceasing, honey-tongued, the\nLoving Ones drain out the mountain-haunting Steer,\nThe drop that hath grown great in waters, in4Jie lake, meath-\nrich, in the stream’s wave and in the cleansing sieve,\n11 The Loving Ones besought with many voices the Eagle who\nhadflown away to heaven.\nHymns kiss the Youngling worthy of laudation, resting on\nearth, the Bird of golden colour.\n12 High to heaven’s vaulthath the Gandharva risen, beholding\nall his varied forms and figures.\nHis ray hath shone abroad with gleaming splendour pure,\n:\nhe hath lighted both the worlds, the Parents.\nHY&N LXXXVI. SomaPavamdna,\nThy gladdening draughts, 0 Pavamatia, urged by song flow\nswiftly of themselves like sons offieet-foot mares.\nThe drops ofSoma juice, those eagles of the heavens, most\ncheering, rich in rneath, rest in the reservoir.\n2 As rapid chariot-steeds, so turned in several ways have thine\nexhilaratingjuices darted forth,\nSoma-drops viefa in meath, waves, to the Thunder-armed, to\nIndra, like milch-kine who seek their calf with milk.\n3 Like a steed urged to battle, finder of the light, speed on-\nward to the cloud-born reservoir ofheaven,\nA Steer that o’er the woolly surface seeks the sieve, Soma\nwhile purified for Indra’s nourishment.\n9 TheStewwhosees afar wiseSoma, theMoon.\n10 TheLoving Ones ; ventth: the Gods or, specially, theMaruts. Accord-\ningtoS&yana,great Rishis,calledVenas. The mountain-hauntingSteer Soma,\nfirstseenoverthemountainheights. See Hillehrandt, V. M., I. 389,\n11 Somainthis stanzaistheEagle the Youngling orinfant, andtheBird\n,\nofgolden colour.\n12 The Gandharva: here Soma,theMoon, SeeHillebrandt, V, I. 429.\n3 Speedonward hasten topourdowntherainfromthe cloud."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 984,
            "content": "; :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n4 Fleet as swift steeds, thy drops, divine, thought-swift, have\nbeen, 0 Pavamaua, poured with milk into the vat.\nThe Kis'his have poured in continuousSoma*drops, ordainers\nwho adorn thee, Friend whom Bishis love,\n5 0 thou who seest all things, Sovran as thou art and passing\nstrong, thy rays encompass all abodes.\nPervading with thy natural powers thou flowest on, and as\nthe whole world’s Lord, 0 Soma, thou art King.\n69 The beams of Pavam&na, sent from earth and heaven, his\nensigns who is ever stedfast, travel round.\nWhen on^:he sieve the Golden-hued is cleansed, he rests\nwithin the vats as one who seats him in his place.\n7 Served with fair rites he flows, ensign of sacrifice*. Soma\nadvances tothe special place of Gods.\nHe speeds with thousand currents to thereservoir,and passes\nthrough the filter bellowing as a bull.\nS The Sovran dips him in the sea and in the streams, and set\nin rivers with the waters’ wave moves on.\nHigh heaven’s Sustaiuer at the central point of earth, raised\non the fleecy surface Pavamana stands.\nHe on whose high decree the hedTvens and earth depend hath\nroared and thunderedlike the summit of the sky.\nSoma flows on obtaining Indra’s friendly love, and, as they\npurify him, settles in thejars.\n10 He, light of sacrifice, distils delicious meath, most wealthy,\nFather and begetter ofthe Gods.\nHe,gladdening,bestof Cheerers, juicethatXndraloves, enrich-\nes with mysterious treasure earth and lieaven,\n11 The vigorous and far-seeing one, the Lord ofheaven, flows,\nshouting to the beaker, with his thousand streams.\nColoured like gold he rests in seats where Mitra dwells, the\nSteer made beautiful by rivers and by sheep.\n,12 In forefront of the rivers Pavam&na speeds, in forefront of\nthe hymn, foremost amongthe kine.\n4 FriendwhomRishislove:rishishdna theworddoes—notoccurelsewhere,\nanditsprecisemeaningisun—certain. *0rishi-mjoyed.’ Wilson. ‘Thouwho\nplayestthepartofaRishi,’ hudwig.\n8 Thesea andthe streams arethe firmamentanditswaters. Soma,,who\nis atthe sametime theGod inheaven andtheearthly beverage, issaidto\ncombine withthe solarrays inthe clouds, andthus tocause therainto\ndescend. See Hillebrandt, V.M..I.315. Central point of earth; theplace\nofsacrifice.\n11 By rivers and bysheep bythe purifying waters and the woollen\nstrainer."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 985,
            "content": ": : :: )\nEYMN THE MGVEDA. zm\n86,]\nHe sharesthe mighty bootyin the’van of war the well-armed\n:\nSteeris purified by worshippers,\n13 This heedful Pavamana, ]ike a bird sentforth bath with his\nwave flowed onward to the fleecy sieve, ;\n0 Indra, throughthy wisdom, by thy thought, 0 Sage, Soma\nflows brightand pure betweenthe earth and heaven.\nHe, clad in mail that reaches heaven, the Holy One, filling\nthe firmament, stationed amid the worlds,\nKnowing the realm of light, hath come to us in rain he sum-\n:\nmons to himself his own primeval Sire.\n15 He who was first of all to penetrate his forf$ bestowed upon\nbis race wide shelter and defence.\nFrom that high station which he hath in loftiest heaven he\ncomes victorious to all encounters here.\n16 Iudu hath started forth for Indra’s special place, and slights\nnot as a Friend the promise of his Friend.\nSomaspeeds onward like a youthto youthful maids, and gains\nthe beaker by a course of hundred paths.\n17 Your songs, exhilarating, tuneful, utteringpraise, arecomeinto\nthe places where the people meet.\nWorshippers have exalted Soma with their hymns, and milch-\nkine have come near to meet him with their milk.\n18 0 Soma, Indu, while they cleanse thee, pour on us accumu-\nlated, plentiful, nutritious food,\nWhich, ceaseless, thrice a day shall yield us hero power en-\nrichedwith store ofnourishment, and strength, and meath.\n19 Far-seeing Soma flows, the Steer, the Lord of hymns, the\nFortherer o£ day, ofmorning, and of heaven.\nMixt with the streams he cmsed the beakers to resound, and\nwith the singers' aid they entered Indra’s heart.\n20 On, with the prudentsingers, flowstheancientSage andguided\nby the men hath roared about the vats.\nProducing Trita’sname, mayhe pourforth themeath, that\nV&yuand thatIndra may become his Friends.\n14 Hisown primevalSire or, the ancientFather of this (All). Indrais\nmeant.\n15 He Soma. Hisform Indra’s. Hisrace: Indra andthe Gods.\n16 Slightsnot asaFriendthe promise of his Friend: 1the friend leaves\nnot the stomach of his friend.’— Wilson. S&yana derives samgiram from\ntsa hm rg or ut g, ht to hes iw na tl el ro sw t, icei sns oftea td heo wf oolf .rom samgrt\n,\nto assent. Hundred paths:\n18 Thriceaday at thethree appointedsacrifices.\n20 ProducingTrita'sname: literally, begetting, thatis, making(jandyan\nthe nameof Trita meaning probably, as Prof. Ludwig suggests,reminding\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 986,
            "content": ": : : :\n344 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK iX\n21 He, beingpurified, hath made the Morningsshine : this, even\nthis is he who gave the rivers room.\nHe made the Three Times Seven pour outthe milky flow\nSoma, the Cheerer, yields whateverthe heart finds sweet.\n22 Flow onward, Soma, in thine own celestial forms, flow, Indu,\npoured within the beaker and the sieve.\nSinking into the throat ofIndra with a roar, led by the men\nthou raadest Surya mount to heaven.\n23 Pressed out with stones thou flowest onward to the sieve, O\nIndu, entering the depths of X»dra*s throat.\nFar-sighted Soma, now thou lookest on mankind : thoudidst\nunbar tho^cow-stall for the Angirases.\n24 In thee, 0 Soma, while thou pnrifiedst thee, high-thoughted\nsages, seeking favour, have rejoiced.\nDown from the heavens the Falcon brought thee hitherward,\neven thee, 0 Indu, thee whom all our hymns adorn.\n25 Seven Milch-kine glorify the Tawny-coloured Onewhile with\nhis wave in wool he purifies himself.\nThe living men, the mighty, have impelled the Sage into the\nwaters’ lap, the place ofsacrifice.\n26 Indu, attaining purity, plunges through the foe, making his\nways all easy for the pious man?\nMaking the kine his mantle, he, the lovely Sage, runs like a\nsporting courser onward through the fleece.\n27 The ceaseless watery fountains with their hundred streams\nsing, as they hasten near, to him the Golden-hued.\nHim, clad inrobes ofmilk, swiftfingers beautify on thethird\nheight and in the luminous realm ofheaven.\n28 These are thy generations of celestial seed : thou art the\nSovran Lord ofall the worldoflife.\nThis universe, 0 Pavam&na, owns thy sway; thou, Indu, art\nthe first establisher ofLaw.\nus ofTrifca,withwhom —he is closely connected. *Generating the water of\nthethreefold(Indra).’ Wilson.\n21 TheThree TimesSeven thesevencelestial rivers, correspondingtothe\nri__vers of earth, multiplied bythreetoaccordwiththe threefold division of\ntheheavens. AccordingtoS&yana, cowsaremeant.\n23 Thoudidstunbarthecow-stall didstrecover the cattle stolen by the\nPanis, thatistheraysof lightthatthe fiends of darkness had carried off;\nthegreatdeedof IndrabeingascribedtoSomabisinspirer.\n25 SevenMilch-kine thecelestialrivers.\n26 Makingthekinehismantle; hewhois afterwards covered or mingled\nwithmilk."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 987,
            "content": ": :: :\nHYMN 86.] THE R1GVEDA. 345\n29 Thou art the sea, O Sage who bringest all to light under\n;\nthy Law are these five regions ofthe world.\nThou readiest out beyond the earth, beyond the heavens\n:\nthine are the lights, 0 Pavam&na, thine the Sun.\n30 Thou in the filter, Soma Pavamana, art purified to support\nthe region for the Gods.\nThe chief, the longing ones have sought to hold thee fast,\nand all these living creatnres have been turned to thee,\n31 Onward the Singer travels o’er the fleecy sieve the Tawny\n:\nSteer hath bellowed in the wooden vats.\nHymns have been sung aloud in resonant hai^iony, and holy\nsongs kiss him, the Child who claimsourpraise.\n32 He hath assumed the rays of Sfirya for his robe, spinning, as\nhe knows how, the triply-twisted thread.\nHe, guiding to the newest rules of Holy Law, comes as the\nWomen’s Consort to the special place.\n33 On flows the King of rivers and the Lord of heaven he\n:\nfollows with a shout the paths ofHoly Law.\nThe Colden-hned is poured forth with his hundred streams,\nWealth-bringer, lifting up his voice while purified.\n34 Fain to be cleansed, thcra, Pavam&na, pourest out, likewond-\nrous Sura, through the fleece, an ample sea.\nPurified with the hands, pressed by the men with stones, thou\nspeedest on to mighty booty-bringing war.\n35 Thou, Pavam&na, sendest food and power in streams : thou\nsittest.in the beakers as a hawk on trees,\nFor Indra poured as cheeringjuice to make himglad, asnear-\nest and far-seeing bearer-up of heaven.\n36 The Sisters Seven, the Mothers, stand around the Babe, the\nnoble, new-born Infant, skilled in holy song,\nGandharva of the floods, divine, beholding men, Soma, thathe\nmay reign as King of all the world.\n29 Thouart the sea Sotna and the sea being alike producers of rain.\nLights: stars.\nSO Theregion mid-air\n;\nthefirmament. Thechief the longing ones: the\nVenas, theMaruts.\n32 Spinning...i?-' '• thread: hearinghis partinmorning,noon-\nday andevening i.- <». /' Women's Consort: Lord andhus —bandof the\nWatersof heaven. Thespecialplace: 1theconsecrated(vessel).’ Wilson.\n34 LikewondrousStira adorableliketheSun.\n36 TheSisters Seven: thegreatriverswhichmay provide waterforSoma-\nsacrifices, Gandharva frequentlyidentifiedwiththeSun,heremeansSoma,\ntheMoon."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 988,
            "content": "—\n: :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX,\n37 As Sovran Lord thereof thou passest through these worlds, 0\nIndu, harnessing thy tawny well-winged Mares.\nMaythey pour forth for thee milk and oil rich in sweets : 0\nSoma, let the folk abide in thy decree.\n38 0 Soma, thou beholdest men from every side 0 Pavamana,\n:\nSteer, thou wanderest through these.\nPour out upon us wealth in treasure and in gold : may we\nhave strength to live among the things that be.\n39 Winner of gold and goods and cattle flow thou on, set as im-\npregner, Indu, mid the worlds of life.\nBichiu bra^e men art thou, Soma, who winnestall; these holy\nsingers wait upon thee with the song.\n4402The wave of flowing meath hath wakened up desires : the\nSteer enrobed in milk plunges into the streams.\nBorne on his chariot-sieve the King hath risen to war, and\n43 with a thousand rays hath won him high renown.\n41 Dear to all life, he sends triumphant praises forth, abundant,\nbringing offspring, each succeeding day.\nFromIndracraveforus,Iudu, whenthou art quaffed, the bles-\nsing that gives children, wealth that harbours steeds,\nWhen days begin, the strong juice, lovely, golden-hued, is\nrecognized by wisdom moi'e aud more each day,\nHe, stirring both the Paces, goes between the two, the bearer\nof the word ofmen and word of Gods.\nThey halm him, balm him over, balm him thoroughly, caress\nthe mighty strength and balm it with the meath.\n37 Tawny...Mares: haritah; Harits. Of. IV. 6.9; 13.3; VII. 66.15;\nIX. 63. 9.\n38 Throughthese thereisnosubstantive. S&yanasuppliesajpah, waters.\n40 Desires themeaningof mnanfih: isnotcertain 'voices(of praise).’\nWilson. Withathousandrays: sahasrabhrishtih: liter; ally,havingathousand\nedgesorsharppoints. Op. IX, 83. 5\n41 Theblessing: thisseemstobeverynearlythemeaning of brdhmahere.\nButtheword may as usual be rendered by —prayer, or devotion. tSolicit\nIndra(togive)usfoodproductiveof progeny.’ Wilson.\n42 Whendays begin: according to S&yana, early in the morning. The\ncommencementof theyearismoreprobably intended. The second half of\nthestanzaisobscurelyexpressed. Itappearstomeanthat Soma acts as a\nmediatorbetweenheavenandearth,urging men to offer, and the Gods to\nreceive, worship, bearing up to heaven the hymns and praises of human\nworshippersandbringingback to them the assurance that their petitions\nmwi el nlb (e thg era pn rt ae id se. raS p& dya tn ha e's wore sx hp ila pn pa et ri oo rn si es cud li af rfe ar ne dnt s: ac‘ ra ep dpr po ea oc plh ei )ng hethe past sw eo\ns\nin themidst (of heaven and earth, bestowing), upon the upholder (of the\nrite) both humanand divine(riches).’—Wilson. IfollowLudwig who takes\ndhartdriasnominativesingular."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 989,
            "content": "::: : : :\nHYMN 87] THE R1QVEDA. 347\nThey seize the flyingSteer at the stream’s breathing-place\ncleansing with gold theygrasp the Animal herein.\n44 Sing forth to Pavam&na skilled in holy song : the juice is\nflowing onward like a mighty stream.\nHe glideth like a serpent from his ancient skin, and like a\nplayfulhorse the Tawny Steer hath run.\n45 Dweller in floods, King, foremost, he displays his might, set\namong living things as measurer of days.\nDistilling oil he flows, fair, billowy, golden-hued, borne on a\ncar of light, sharing one home with wealth.\n46 Loosed is the heavens5 support, the uplifted^cheering juice :\nthe triply-mingled draught flows round into the worlds.\nThe holy hymns caress the stalk that claims our praise, when\nsingershave approachedhis beauteous robe with song.\n47 Thy streams that flow forth rapidly collected run over the\nflue fleece ofthe sheep as thou art cleansed.\nWhen, Indu, thou art balmed with milk within the bowl,\nthou sinkest in the jars, 0 Soma, wheu expressed.\n48 Winner ofpower, flow, Soma, worthy of our laud run on-\n:\nward to the fleece as well-belovbd meath.\nDestroy, 0 Indu, all voracious Rakshasas. With brave sons\nin the assembly let our speech be bold.\nHYMN LXXXYII. SomaPavamftna.\nRun onward to the reservoir and seat thee cleansed by the\n:\nmen speed forward to the battle.\nMaking thee beauteous like an able courser, forth to the\nsacred grass with reins they lead thee.\n2 Indu, the well-armed God, is flowing onwkrd, who quells the\ncurse and guards from treacherous-onslaught,\nFather, begetter ofthe Gods, most skilful, the buttress of\nthe heavens and earth’s supporter,\n3 Rishi andSage, the Champion of the people, deft and sagaci-\nous, Usanfi in wisdom,\n43 Atthestream'sbreathing-place where the stream seems to stay^ still\nfor a moment to recover breath. Cleansing with gold: with gold-ringed\nAngers. The Animal Soma.\n45 A smeasurerof days: Somabeingidentifiedwith the Moon.\n46 Triply-mingled or, pouredintothreevessels, the dronahalasa, ddhava-\nntya,andpHtabhrit. Robe theinteguments which cover the juice; that is\nthe exteriorof thestalkandshoots.\n3 Vsand in wisdom as wise as the celebrated TJsanfi. S&yarm explains\ndifferently,regardingUsanft as the discoverer: 1Umnas-~\\\\z verily by his"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 990,
            "content": "—\n;\n348 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK /X\n.\nHe hath discovered even their-hidden nature, the Cows’ con-\ncealed and mostmysterious title.\ni This thine own Soma rich in meath, 0 Indra, Steer for the\nSteer, hath flowed into the filter.\nThe strong Free-giver, winning hundreds, thousands, hath\nreached the holy grass that neverfails him.\n5 These Somas are for wealth of countless cattle, renown there-\nfor, and mighty strength immortal.\nThese have been sent forth, purified by strainers, like steeds\nwho rush to battle fain forglory.\n6 He, while Ke cleanses him, invoked ofmany, hath flowed to\ngive the people all enjoyment.\nThou whom the Falcon brought, bring dainty viands, bestir\nthyself and send us wealthand booty.\n7 This Soma, pressed into the cleansing filter, hath run as\n’twere a host let loose, the Courser;\nLike a strong bull who whets his horns keen-pointed, like a\nbrave warrior in the fray for cattle.\n8 He issued forth from out the loftiest mountain, and found\nkine hidden somewhere in a stable.\nSoma’s stream clears itself for thee, 0 Indra, like lightning\nthundering through the clouds of heaven,\n9 Cleansingthyself, andbornealongwith Indra,Soma, thougoest.\nround the herd of cattle.\nMay thy praise help us, Mighty One, prompt Giver, to the\nfull ample food which thou bestowest.\nHYMN LXXXVIII. Soma Pavam^na.\nFob thee this Soma is effused, 0 Indra: drink of this juice;\nfor thee the stream is flowing\nSoma, which thou thyself hast made and chosen, even Iudu,\nfor thy special drink to cheer thee.\npoeticgift—discoveredthesecretmilk of those cows which was hidden and\nconcealed.’ Wilson. By title or name of the Cows, water appears to be\nintended.\n4 SteerfortheSteer or, StrongfortheStrong. —\n5 Mightystrengthimmortal: iamplefoodandambrosia.’ Wilson.\n8 Fromout the loftiest mountain: S&yana makesantdrddreh depend upon\nMchit, somewhere : ‘This Soma stream has come from on high and has\ndetected t—he cattle which were in astall (hidden) somewhere within the\nhm oo cu hn st ta ei nn P/ resW ssi tl es io nn ..\n’\n*G Hr eas hs am ta hnn sprt ura nn gsl fa ot re ts h: fr‘E or mti hs et me on st tsp lr ou fn tyge pn resa su -s std one em\n/\n9 Theherdof —cattle: SomaaccompaniesIndrain his expeditiontorecover\nthestolencattle. S&yana. Orthecattleorcowsmaybethemilkwithwhich\nSomais mixed,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 991,
            "content": "— —\n:\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA\n89.] . 349\n2 Like a capacious car hath it been harnessed, the Mighty, to\nacquire abundant treasures.\nThen in the sacrifice they celebrated all triumphs won by\nNahus in the battle.\n3 Like V&yu with his team, moving at pleasure, most gracious\nwhen invoked like both N&satyas,\nThou art thyself like the Wealth-Giver, Soma' who grants\n3\nall boons, like song-inspiring Pushan.\n4 Like Iudra who hath done greatdeeds, thou, Soma, artslayer\nof the Vritras, Fort-destroyer.\nLike Pedu’s horse who killed the brood of serpents, thusthou,\n0 Soma, slayest every Dasyu. °\n5 Like Agni loosed amid the forest, fiercely he winneth splen-\ndour in the running waters.\nLike one who fights, the roaring of the mighty, thus Soma\nPavamana sends his4current.\n6 These Somas passing through the fleecy filter, like rain de-\nscending from the .clouds of heaven,\nHave been effused and poured into the beakers, swiftly like\nrivers running lowly seaward.\n7 Flow onward like the ^potent band of Maruts, like that\nCelestial Host whom none revileth.\nQuickly be gracious unto us like waters, like sacrifice victo-\nrious, thousand-fashioned.\n8 Thine are King Varuna’s eternal statutes, lofty and deep, 0\nSoma, is thy glory.\nAll-pure art thou like Mitra the beloved, adorable, like Arya-\nman, 0 Soma.\n- HYMN LXXXIX. SomaPavamana.\nThis Chariot-horse hathmoved along the pathways, and Pava-\nmanaflowed like rain from heaven.\n2 Ican makenothingoutof the secondline of this stanza. The version\nwhich.Igivea3 a temporarymakeshift is founded on Ludwig’s remarks in\nhis Commentary onthe passage, Vol. V. p. 308, of his Rigveda . Wilson,\nfollowin—gS&yaua, translates: Afterthis (i.e. after the harnessing of the\nwaggon. Note.) mayalltheracesof men expecting our (attack) go to the\ndesirablebattle.’ *Now lettheraces of allmen, rising up like trees, come\nneartohimin orderto obtain success,’ would, according to Grassmann, be\nnearer themeaning.\n4 Pedu’s horse: giventohimby the Asvins. SeeI. 116. 6; 117. 9; 118.\n9 119. 10.\n; 7 Likesacrifice accordingtoS&yana,yajfiaK, sacrifice, means here, worthy\nofsacrifice: 4(t—hou art) of a thousand shapes, adorable like (Indra) the\nvictorinbattle.’ -Wilson.\n8 ThisstanzaisfoundalsoinBookI. 91. 3."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 992,
            "content": ": ;\n350 TBB HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\nWith ns hathSomawithathousand currentssunk inthe wood,\nupon his Mother’s bosom.\n2 King, he hath clothed him in the robe of rivers, mounted the\nstraightest-going ship of Order.\nSped by the Hawk the drop hath waxed in waters : the father\ndrains it, drains the Father’s offspring.\n3 They come to him, red, tawny, Lord of Heaven, the watchful\nGuardian of the meath, the Lion.\nFirst, Hero in the fight, he seeks the cattle, and with his eye\n.\nthe Steer is our protector.\n4 They harness to the broad-wheeled car the mighty Courser\nwhose hack bears meath, unwearied, awful. —\nThe twins, the sisters—brighten him, and strengthen these\nchildren of one dame the vigorous Facer.\n5 Four pouring out the holy oil attend him, sitting together\nin the same container.\nTo him they flow, when purified, with homage, and still,\nfrom every side, are first about him.\n6 He is the buttress of the heavens, supporter of earth, and in\nhis hand are all the people.\n• Be the team’s Lord a well to thee^the singer : cleansed is the\nsweet plant’s stalk for deed of glory.\n7 Fighting, uninjured come where Gods are feasted; Soma, as\nVrifra-slayerflow for Indra.\nVouchsafe us ample riches very splendid : may we be masters\nof heroic vigour.\nHYMN XC. Soma Pavam&na.\nUrged on, the Father of the Earth and Heaven hath gone\nforth like a car to gather booty,\nGoing to Indra, sharpening his weapons, and in his harid\ncontaining every treasure.\n2 Thefatherdrainsit: ‘Thescholiast finds it1difficult to makesense of\nthis: pitd(palakoloktih)liesupposes to mean the Adhvaryu, who extracts\nthejuiceof theSoma-whichisbornfromtheheaven asfrom afather or the\nfirstmilkermay be the yajamdna and the second the Adhvaryu o; r duhe\nmay berepeatedoutof respect.’—-Wilson.\n4 Sisters childrenofonedame: thepriest’sfingers,\n5 Four: thequartersof thesky. Container: thefirmament.\n6 Theteam's Lord: Soma asresembling V&yu. Cp. IX. 88. 3. Sftyana\nexplainsdifferently: ‘may ( —Soma) thefountain (of desires) be possessed \"of\nhorsesforthee (his) adorer.’ Wilson.\n1 Father ; janitd generator, of enrtliby sendingrain, and of heaven by\nobtainingoblationsfor thegods.—S&yana,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 993,
            "content": "— —\n:~ : : :\nMYMN 91J THE R1GVEDA . 351,\n2 To him the tones of sacred song have sounded, Steer ofthe\ntriple height, the Life-bestower.\nDwelling in wood as Varuna in rivers, lavishing treasure he\ndistributes blessings.\n3 Great Conqueror, warrior-girt, Lord of all heroes, flow on\nthy way as he who winneth riches\n;\nWith sharpened arms, with swift bow, never vanquished in\nbattle, vanquishing in fight the foemen.\n4 Giving security, Lord of wide dominion, send us both earth\nand heaven with all their fulness.\nStriving to win the Dawns, the light, the waters, and cattle,\ncall to us abundant vigour,\n5 0 Soma, gladden Varuna and Mitra ; cheer, Indu Pavamana i\nIudra, Vishnu.\nCheer thou the Gods, the Company of Maruts Indu, cheer\n:\nmighty Iudra to rejoicing.\n6 Thus like a wise and potent King flow onward, destroying\nwith thy vigour all misfortunes.\nFor our well-spoken hymn give life, 0 Indu. Do ye preserve\nus evermore with blessings.\nHYMN XCI. SomaPavam&na.\nAs for a chariot-race, the skilful Speaker, Chief, Sage, In-\nventor, hath, with song, been started.\nThe sisters ten upon the fleecy summit drive on the Car-horse\nto the resting-places.\n2 The drop of Soma, pressed by wise Nahushyas, becomes the\nbanquet of the Heavenly People\nIndu, by hands of mortal men made beauteous, immortal,\nwith the sheop and cows and waters,\nv 3 Steer roaring unto Steer, this Pavamana, this juice runs to\nthe white milkof the milch-cow.\nThrough thousand fine hairs goes the tuneful Singer, like\nSura by his fair and open pathways. •\n2 Of the triple height: see JX. 71. 7.\n4 Calltous send uswiththyshoutorroar.\n6 Thehymn endswiththeusualconcludinghalf-lineofthehymnsascribed\ntotheYasishtha*.\n1 TheskilfulSpeaker Somawhomakes us eloquent. Theresting-places\nsddandni: theseats, thereservoirsin whichhesettles.\nm\\m 3o 1 Sv t. irV a* Slr Qrv y:: a.* ,hp a tr s ho etb h Sa e ub nl s .y ama e Fn ae m ii e rg ah n mb i do nu gr . oi pn eg n:pe ao dpl he v. qsmS de be hV iI h. ;4 f6 i. mp7, era in sd han bo lt ee /on\nWilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 994,
            "content": "——\n: : : : !\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n352\n4 Breakdown the strong seats even ofthe demons : cleansing\nthee, Indu, robe thyself in vigour.\nRend with thy swift bolt, comingfromabovethem, those who\narenear and those whoyet are distant.\n5 Preparetheforwardpathsinancientmanner for the new hymn,\nthou Giver of all bounties.\nThose which are high and hard for foes to conquer may we\ngain from thee, Active Food-bestower\n!\n6 So purifyingthee vouchsafeuswaters, heaven’s light, andcows,\noffspring and many children.\nGive us health, ample land, andlights, 0 Soma, and grant us\nlong to ldbk uponthe sunshine.\nHYMN\nXCII. Soma Pavam&na.\nThegold-huedjuice, poured.outupon the filter, is started like\na car sent forth to conquer.\nHe hath gained song and vigour while they cleansedhim, and\nhath rejoiced the Gods with entertainments.\n2 He who beholdeth man hath reached the filter: bearing his\nname, the Sage hath sought his dwelling.\nThe Rishis came tohim, sevenholy singers,whenin the bowls\nhe settled as Invoker. *\n3 Shared by all Gods, most wise, propitious, Soma goes, while\nthey cleanse him, to his constant station.\nLet him rejoice in all his lofty wisdom : to the Five Tribes\nthe Sage attains with labour.\n4 In thy mysteriousplace, 0 PavamanaSoma, are all the Gods,\nthe Thrice-Eleven\nTen on the fleecy height,themselves, self-prompted, and seven\nfresh risers, brighten and adorn thee.\n5 Now let this be the truth ofPavamana, there whereall singers\ngatherthem together,\nThathehathgiven usroomandmadethedaylight, hathholpen\nMann and repelled the Hasyu.\n5 Those portions of thee,accordingtoSayana\n6 Inthesecondhalf of the stanza, instead of taking uni, wide, ample,\nfw mi ath keks oh ue rtr la am n, df pie rl od s, pel ra ,nd, diS ffa uy sa en ta hj eoi ln us mi it n, aa rs i— eu sr wd in di e, lywi (t ih nj ty hd etw fs ih ri m, aml eig nh tt )s .':\nWilson.\n2 TheRishis accordingto S&yana, Bharadv&ja, Kasyapa, Gotama, Atri,\nYisv^mitra, Jamadagni, Yasishtha.\n3 TheFiveTribes thefiveAryan tribes. Accordingto S&yana, ‘thefive\ncla 4sse Ts heof Thb re ii cn eg -s E/ lel vee n.}f so eu er Ic ,as 1t 3e 9s .a 1n 1d\n,\nth Te enN :ish t& hd eas f.\ningers.\n5 Manu : asthe representativeof theAryanrace."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 995,
            "content": "—\n: : : :\nHYMN 94.] TEE RIGVEDA. 353\n6 As the priest seeks the station rich in cattle, like a true King\nwho goes to great assemblies,\nSoma hath sought the beakers while they cleansed him, and,\nlike a wild bull, in the wood hath settled.\nHYMN\nXCIII. Soma Pavam&na.\nTen sisters, pouring out the rain together, swift-moving think-\ners of the sage, adorn him.\nHither hath run the gold-hued Child of S&rya and reached\nthe vat like a fleet vigorous courser.\n2 Even as a youngling crying to his mothers, the bounteous\nSteer hathflowed along to waters.\nm\nAs youth to damsel, so with milk he hastens od>to the chosen\nmeeting-place, the beaker.\n3 Yea, swollen is the udderof the milch-cow : thither in streams\ngoes very sapient Indu.\nThe kine make ready, as with new-washed treasures, the\nHead and Chiefwith milk within the vessels.\n4 With all the Gods, 0 Indu Pavarnana, while thou art roaring\nsend us wealth in horses.\nHither upon her car come willing Plenty, inclined to us, to\ngive us ofher treasures.\n5 Nowunto us meteriches, while theycleanse thee, all-glorious,\nswelling wealth, with store of heroes.\nLongbe his life whoworships thee, 0 Indu. May he, enriched\nwith prayer, come soon and early.\nHYMN\nXCIV. Soma Favam&na.\nWhen beauties strive for him as for a charger, then strive\nthe songs like soldiers for the sunlight.\nActing the Sag'e, he flows enrobed in waters and song as\n’twere a stall that kine may prosper.\n6 Thestation richin cattle: *the hall where the victim is stationed ’\nWilson. Togreatassemblies: or,towarand battle. Thewood thewooden\nvatorreservoir.\n1 Tensisters the fingers which press out the juice of theSoma-plant.\nThinkers orthoughts, devotions. Accordingto S&yana, fingers. Child of\nSUrya S&yanaexplainsjtfh, offspring, byjdydh wives, i. e the quarters of\ntheheaven, called Sfirya’s wivesbecausetheya—remademanifestby hisrays.\n3 TheHeadand Chief: ftheelevated Soma* Wilson.\n4 Se?idus; more literally, openordisclosetous,\n5 The hymn endswiththe half-linewhichis—the special conclusion of the\nhymnsascribedtoNodhas. SeeBookI. 58, 60 64.\n1 Themeaningis apparently : when thebeautifying\"waters hasten emu-\nlously to cleanse Soma as though he wereahorse, the voicesof singing\nworshippersvie witheachother*likethe shoutsof men who are fightingfor\n23"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 996,
            "content": ": :\n354 THE ffTMN8 OF [BOOK IX\n.\n2 The worlds expand to him, who from aforetime found light to\nspread the law oflife eternal.\nThe swelling SQnga, like Jciue within the stable, in deep\ndevotion call aloud on Ipdm\n3 When the Sage bears his holy wisdom round him, like a car\nvisiting all worlds, the Hero,\nBecoming fame, mid Gods, unto the mortal, wealth to the\nskilled, worth praise mid the Ever-present,\n4 For glory horn he hath come forth to glory : he givetli life\nand glory to the singers.\nThey, clothedin glory, have become immortal. He, measured\nin bis course, makes frays successful.\n5 Stream to us food and vigour, lane and horses give us broad\n:\nlights and fill the Gods with rapture.\nAll these are easythings for thee to master thou, Pavamana\n:\nSoma, quellest foernen.\nHYMN XGY. SomaPavamdna,\nLoud neighs the Tawny Steed when started, settling deep in\nthe wooden vessel while they cleanse him.\nL (e td hb ry out gh he hm isen poh we rert sa ,ke es ngt eh ne dm ei rl pk raf io sr er -sa oi nm ge sn .t : then shall he,\n2 As one who rows drives on his boat, he, Gold-hued, sends\nforth his voice, loosed on the path of Order.\nAs God, the secretnames of Gods he utters, to be declared on\nsacred grass more widely.\n3 Hastening onward like the waves of waters, our holy hymns\nare pressing nigh to Soma.\nTo him they come with lowly adoration, and, longing, enter\nhim who longs to meet them. «\n4 They drain the stalk, the Steer who dwells ou mountains,\neven as a Bull who decks him on the upland.\nlightand life. Somaflows on in his wisdom, blent with the waters, and\nsurroundedwithhymnsintothemidstof which he enters as into a stable\nfullof ldnein ordertomakethemincreaseandmultiply.\n3 Thestanzaissomewhatobscure. Worthpraise or.adorable. TheEver-\npresent: theGods whocometohelpmen. Wilson, following S&ya*a, trans-\nlates thesecondline: *thendesirousof bestowingupon mortals the wealth\nthatabideswith thegods,he(is) to beglorifiedinthemanyplaces ofsacrifice\nforthepreservation of thericheshehasgiven/\n5 Allthese allthe R4ksbasas, according toS&yana.\n1 Deep in thewooden vessel: literally'inthebelly of the wood.’\n2 Beutters: revealstothepriestwho istodeclare them at sacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 997,
            "content": ": : : ; : : : -\nHYMN 96.] TEE FIQVEDA. 855\nHymns follow and attend him as he bellows Trita be,ars\n;\nVaruna aloft in ocean.\n5 SendingthyvoiceoutasDirector, loosentheInvoker’sthought,\n0 Indu, as they cleanse thee.\nWhile thou and Indra rule for our advantage, may we be,\nmasters of heroic vigour.\nHYMiSr XCVI. Soma Pavam&na.\nIn forefront of the cars forth goes the Hero, the Leader, win-\nning spoil his host rejoices.\n:\nSoma endues his robes of lasting colours, and blesses, for his\nfriends, their calls on Indra.\n2 Men decked with gold adorn his golden tendril, incessantly\nwith steed-impelling homage.\nThe Friend of Indra mounts his car well-knowing, he comes\n:\nthereon to meet the prayer we oiler.\n3 0 God, for service of the Godsflow onward, for food sublime,\nas Indru’s diink;, 0 Soma.\nMaking the floods, bedewing earth and heaven, qo.me from the\nvast, comfortus while we cleanse thee.\n4 Flow for prosperity and constaut vigour, fl/ow ptfior happi-\nness and high perfection.\nThis is the wish of alf these friends as^hkled : this i$ my\nwish, 0 Soma Pavamana.\n5 Father of holy hymns, Soma downward, the Father of the\nearth. Father of heaven\nFatherofAgui, Sftrya’s tor, t]xe Fatherwflo begatIndra\nand Vishnu.\n6 Brahman of God<™e Leader of the poets, Rishi of sages,\nBull of s creatures,\nFaicoii^f^the vultures, Axe of forests, over the cleansing\ngoes Soma singing.\nTrita; the preparer of the —celestial Soma. Vanina here meaning\nSoma ‘the defeater of enemies.’ Wilson. Inocean intflefirmament.\n5 A; sDirector—: upavakUva: upavaktft here appears to mean Adhvaryu\n:\nyatMdhvaryuh. Sfiyatia. Loosen the Invoker's thought: aid the Hotar or\ninvokingpriestto givefreeutteranceto histhoughtorhymn.\n—\n1 Of lastingcolours: rabhas&ni: ‘hastily made.’ Wilson. fBrilliant.’—\nGrassmann.\n2 Steed-impelling urginghim on, as awhipurges on ahorse.\n3 Fromthevast fromthe wide firmament. There is no substantive in\nthetext.\n6 Brahman of Gods thou artBrihaspati,theLordof Prayer, among the\nGods, or, chief among the priests. Axe the handle of the axe b,eing"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 998,
            "content": ":\n356 THE HYMNS OF [.BOOK /X\n7 He, Sonia Pavam&na, like a river, hath stirred the wave of\nvoice, onr songs and praises\nBeholdingtheseinferiorpowersin cattle, he rests amongthem\nas a Steer well-knowing.\n8 As Gladdener, Warriornever harmedinbattle, with thousand\ngenial streams, pour strength and vigour.\nAs thoughtful Pavam^na, urge 0 Indu, speeding the kine,\nthe plant’s wave on to Indra.\n9 DeaV, grateful to the Gods, on to the beaker moves Soma,\nsweet to Indra, to delight him.\nWith hundred powers, with thousand currents, Indu, like\n•\na strong cacSborse, goes to the assembly.\n10 Born in old time as finder-out of treasures, drained with the\nstone, decking himself in waters,\nWarding off curses, King of all existence, he shall find way\nforprayer the while they cleanse him.\n11 For our sage fathers, Soma Pavamana, of old performed, by\nthee, their sacred duties.\nFighting unvanquished, open the enclosures enrich us with\n:\nlarge gifts ofsteeds, aud heroes.\n12 As thou didst flow for Mann Life-bestowing, Foe-queller,\nComforter, rich oblations,\nEven thus flow onwardn0w conferring riches combine with\n:\nIndra, and bring forth thy weapons.\n13 Flow onward, Soma, rich in ^veets and holy, enrobed in\nwaters on the fleecy summit.\nSettle in vessels thatare full of fatness, as cheering and most\ngladdening drink for Indra.\n14 Pour, hundred-streamed, winner ofthousands, n^hty at the\nGods’ banquet, pourthe rain of heaven,\nWhile thou with rivers roarest in the beaker, and blentwith\nmilk prolongest our existence.\n15 Purified with our holy hymns, this Soma overtakes maligni-\ntieslike some strong charger,\n—\nnaturally made of the strongest wood. M. Muller. Ludwig thinks that\nlightning may he intended. According to the St. Petersburg Lexicon,\nsvadhitih heremeans atreewithveryhard wood. See V. 32. 10.\n7 The*secondlineisobscure. Wilson translates: *theshowerer(of bene-\nfits) beholding the hidden (treasure) presidesover theseirresistible powers,\nknowingaboutthecattle.’\n9 Goes totheassembly: ‘proceeds likeastronghorseto battle.’—-Wilson.\n11 Theenclosures theobstructionswhich keeptherainfromfalling.\n13 Full of fatness; ghritdvdnti; according to SAyana, ‘water-holding."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 999,
            "content": "; : ::\nHYMtf 96.] THE RlGtEDA. 357\nLike fresli milk poured by Aditi, like passage in ample room,\nor like a docile car-horse.\n16 Cleansed by the pressers, armed with noble weapons, stream\nto us the fair secret name thou bearest.\nPour booty, like a horse, for love of glory God, Soma, send\n:\nus kine, and send us Vayu.\n17 They deck him at his birth, the lovely Infant, the Maruts\nwith their troop adorn the Car-horse.\nBy songs a Poet and a Sage by wisdom, Soma goes singing\nthrough the cleansing filter.\n18 Light-winner, Bishi-minded, Bishi-maker, hymned in a thou-\nsand hymns, Leader of sages,\nA Steer who strives to gain his third form, Soma is, like\nViraj, resplendent as a Singer.\n19 Hawk seated in the bowls, Bird wide-extended, the Banner\nseeking kine and wielding weapons,\nFollowing close the sea, the wave ofwaters, the great Bull\ntells his fourth form and declares it.\n20 Like a fair youth who decorates his body, a courser rushing\nto the gain of riches,\nA steer to herds, so, flowing to the pitcher, he with a roar\nhath passed into the beakers.\n21 Flow on with might as Pavam&na, Indu flow loudly roaring\n:\nthrough the fleecy filter.\nEnter the beakers sporting, as they cleanse thee, and let thy\ngladdening juice make Indra joyful.\n22 His streams have been effused in all their fulness, and he\nhath entered, balmed with milk, the goblets.\nSinging his p^alm, well-sldlled insong, a Chanter, he comes\nas 'twere to his friend's sister roaring.\n23 Chasing our foes thou comest, Pavamana ! Indu, begun g, as\nlover to his darling.\nAs a bird flies and settles in the forest, thus Soma settles,\npurified, in goblets.\n15 ByAditi; regarded asthe Cos —mic Cow.\n16 Vdyu thebreath of life,life. Sfiyana.\n18 Bis —thirdform; theformthathe wearsin heaven\n;\n‘the—third region\n(heaven).’ Wilson. Virfij splendid ormostillustrious Indra. Sfiyana.\n19 Thebanner: di'apsdh usuallymeaning,adrop,oraspark. SeeIV.13. 2.\nHisfourthform theMoon. According to Sfiyana, the regionof the Moon\nwhich issaid tobeabove thatof theSun.\n22 As ’twereto hisfriend'ssister: Sfiyanaexpla—insjdmim, sister, byjdydm,\nwife : 4like(alibertine)tothewife of a friend.’ Wilson. The meaning is.\nprobablynomore than 4aslovertohis darling’in the followingstanza."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1000,
            "content": "—\n:: :* ::\ntte THE &YMN$ J)P [BOOK ll,\n24 With full stream and abundant milk, 0 Somh, thy beams\ncome, like a woman, as they cleanse thee.\nHe, gold-hued, rich in boons, brought to the waters, hath\nroared within the goblet of the pious.\nHYMN\nXCVTI. Soma Pavam&na.\nMads pure by this man’s urgent zeal and impulse, the G-od\nhath to the Gods his juice imparted.\nHe goes, effused and singing, to the filter, like priest to mea-\nsured seats supplied with cattle.\n2 Bobed in fair raiment meet to wear in battle, amighty Sage\npronouncing invocations,\nBoll onward to the beakers as they cleanse thee, far-seeing at\nthe feast of Gods, and watchful.\nS Dear, he is brightened on the fleecy summit, a Prince among\nus, nobler than the noble.\nBoar out as thou art purified, run forward. Do ye preserve\nus evermore with blessings.\n4 Let us sing praises to the Gods sing loudly, send ye the\n:\nSoma forth for mighty riches.\nLethim flow, sweetly-flavoured, through tlieAlter, and letour\npious one rest in the pitcher. n\n5 Winning the friendship of the Deities, Indu flows in a thou-\nsand streams to make them joyful.\nPraisedby the men after the ancient statute, he hath come\nnigh, for ourgreat bliss, to Indra.\n6 Plow, Gold-hued, cleansing thee, toenrich the singer let thy\n:\njuice go to Indra to support him.\nCome nigh, together with the Gods, for bounty. Do ye pre-\nserve us evermore with blessings.\n7 The God declares the Deities’ generations, like Usana, pro-\nclaiming lofty wisdom.\nWith brilliant kin, far-ruling, sanctifying, theBoar advances,\nsinging, to the places.\n1 Urgentzealandimpulse: hcrmnd, byimpulse(fromtheroot hi) is said\nbyS&yanatomean *by gold,’thatis, bythegold-adornedhandof thepriest.\nMeasured'seatss—uppliedwithcattle ‘the halls prepared (for sacrifice) con-\ntainingvictims/ Wilson. Singing thesoundof theflowing juice is com-\nparedtothepriest’srecitationof sacred texts.\n7 The Qod Soma, who has been called the Father of the Gods. Lihc\nUsand thesoundof theflowinganddroppingBomajuiceis likened to the\nsongof thefamoussage and sacred poet. The Boar: strong, swift Soma.\nSinging ma—kingasouudwiththedescendingdropsof juice. S&yanaexplains\ndiflerently: makinganoise (as) awildboar(makesanoise)withitsfoot.’\nWilson, Theplaces: thefilters."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1001,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN\n97.]\nTHE illGVEDA,\n. 359\n8 The Swans, the Vrishaganas from anearushave bfoughttheir\nrestless spirit to our dwelling.\nFriends come to Pavamanameetfor praises, and sound in com\ncert their resistless music.\n9 He follows the Wide-strider’s rapid movement: cows low, as\n’fcwere, to him who sports at pleasure.\nHe with the sharpened horns biungs forth abundance the\n:\nSilvery shines by night, by day the Golden.\n10 Strong Indu, bathed in milk, flows on for Indra, Soma ex-\nciting strength, to make him joyful.\nHe quellsmalignities andslaysthedemons,theKingofmighty\npower who brings us comfort.\n11 Then in a stream he flows, milked out with press-stones,\nmingled with sweetness, through the fleecy filter\nIndu rejoicing in the love of Indra, the God who gladdens,\nfor the God’s enjoyment.\n12 As he is purified he pours out treasures, a God bedewing Gods\nwith his own juices.\nIndu hath, wearing qualities by seasons, on the raised fleece\nengaged the ten swift fingers.\n13 The Red Bull bellowing to the kine advances, causing the\nheavens and earth to roar and thunder.\nWelTisheheardlike Indra’s shout iu battle\n:\nletting thisvoice\nbe known he hastens hither.\n14 Swelling with milk, abounding in sweet flavours, urging the\n.\nmeath-rich plant thou goest onward.\nRaising a shout thou fiowest as they cleanse thee, when thou,\nO Soma, ar| effused for liidra.\n15 So flow thou on inspiriting, for rapture, aiming death-shafts\nat him who stays the waters.\nFlow to us wearing thy resplendent colour, effused andeager\nfor the kine, 0 Soma.\n8 The Swans - thesingers, descendantsof theRishiVrishagana.\n9 The Wide-strider'srapid movement the swift courseof t-lieBun. Cores\nloioas ’tmre Sayapaexplains g-tvah. cows, by anye gantdrah . other goers,\ntakesnet as negative, and—derives miniate from md, to measure, instead of\nf mr oo vm inm gA\net\nast io lyb .l ’e—at Wio lr sl ono .w *j H*eot wh ie tr hg to ke ers shc aa rn pn eo nt edov he or rt na ske Sh oi mm a( at sho tu hg eh Mh oe onis :)\nthesilvery lightbynightandthe golden-colouredjuicebyday.\n^\n12 Weari—ngqualitiesbyseasons: *clothed iu pleasautradiance accordingto\ntheseason.’ Wilson.\n15 Him whostays the waters; Vritra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1002,
            "content": ": ;\n360 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n16 Pleased with us, Indu, send usas thouflowestgoodeasypaths\nin ample space and comforts.\nDispelling, as ’twere with a clnb, misfortunes, run o’er the\nheight, run o’er the fleecy summit.\n17 Pouronusraincelestial, quicklystreaming, refreshing, fraught\nwith health and ready bounty.\nFlow, Indu, sendthese Windsthylowerkinsmen, settingthem\nfree like locks of hair unbraided.\n18 Part, like a knotted tangle, while they cleanse thee, 0 Soma,\nrighteous and unrighteous conduct.\nNeighlike a^tawny courser who is loosened, come likeayouth,\n0 God, £ houae-possessor.\n19 For the Gods’ service, fordelight, 0Indu, run o’er the height,\nrun o’er the fleecy summit.\nWith thousand streams, inviolate, sweet-scented, flow on for\ngain ofstrength that conquers heroes.\n20 Without a car, without a rein to guide them, unyoked, like\ncoursers started in the contest,\nThese brilliant drops of Soma juice run forward. Do ye, O\nDeities, come nigh to drink them.\n21 So for our banquet of the Gods, 0 Indu, pour down the rain\nof heaven into the vessels.\nMay Soma grant us riches sought with longing, mighty, ex-\nceeding strong, with store of heroes.\n22 What time the loving spirit’sword had formed him Chief of\nall food, by statute of the Highest,\nThen loudly lowing came the cows to Indu, the chosen, well-\nloved Master in the beaker,\n23 TheSage, Celestial, liberal, raining bounties, poursasheflows\nthe Genuine for the Truthful.\nThe King shall he effectualstrength’s upholder\n:\nhebythe ten\nbright reins is mostlyguided.\n24 He who beholds mankind, made pure with Alters, the King\nsupreme of Deities and mortals,\nFrom days of old is Treasure-Lord of riches : he, Indu, cheri-\nshes fair well-kept Order,\n17 Winds of. £V&yu isSoma’sguardian God’ (X. 85. 5),\nthe22 prS aia ay ~an^a’s rue ~xp rl -anati 7o—n of -1t \\he first nl oi tn ie fii es she ix ut ire asme tl hy atl oa fbo au nr oe id s—y:— (‘ cW roh we dn\n)\nin front 1 '• forthesupport(heaffords).* Wilson,\n23 TheGenuineforthe Truthful: rithmritfiya theSoma juicefor Indra.\nThe tenbrightreins; orrays, i. e., thefingers. Thehalf-lineisdifficult."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1003,
            "content": "—\n.\nETYMJV 97.] TEE RIOVEDA 361\n25 Haste, like a steed, to victory for glory, to Indra’s and to\nVayu’s entertainment.\nGive us food ample, thousandfold be, Soma, the finder-out\n:\nof riches when they cleansethee.\n26 Effused by us let God-delighting Somas bring as they flow a\nhome with noble heroes\nEich in all boons like priests acquiring favour, the worship-\npers of heaven, the best of Cheerers.\n27 So, God, for service of the Gods flow onward, flow, drink of\nGods, for ample food, 0 Soma.\nFor we go forth to war againstthemighty\n:\n2jiakeheavenand\nearth well stablished by thy cleansing. *\n28 Thou, yoked by strong men, neighest like a courser, swifter\nthan thought is, like an awful lion*\nBy paths directed hitherward, the straightest, send thou us\nhappiness, Indu, while they cleanse thee.\n29 Sprung from the Gods, a hundred streams, a thousand, have\nbeen effused sages prepare and purge them.\n:\nBring us from heaven the means of winning, Indu; thou art\nforerunner of abundant riches.\n30 The streams of days ware poured as’twere from heaven the\n:\nwise King doth not treat his friend unkindly.\nLike a son following his father’s wishes, grant to this family\nsuccess and safety,\n31 Now are thy streams poured forth with all their sweetness,\nwhen, purified, thou goest through the filter.\nThe race of kine is thy gift, Pavamana : when born thou\nmadest Surya rich with brightness.\n32 Bright, bellowing along the path of Order, thoushinestasthe\nform of life eternal.\nThou flowest on as gladdening drink for Indra, sending thy\nvoice out with the hymns of sages.\n33 Pouring out streams at the Gods’ feast with service, thou,\nSoma, lookest down, a heavenly Eagle.\nEnter the Soma-holding beaker, Indu, and with a roar ap-\nproach the ray of Surya.\n34 Three are the voices that the Courser utters he speaks the\n:\nthought of prayer, the law of Order.\n30 Thestreamsof days thelibationsofSomajuicewhichweofferedevery\nday. Likeason: the Soma juice is regardedastheson of theyajamdnaor\nsacrificer whocausesittobeprej>ared.\n34 The Courser is Soma, andthethreevoices (vffchah) or words which he\nutters areaccordingto S&yauapraisesorsacred textsin theformofthethree"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1004,
            "content": ":\n362 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\nTo the Cow’s Master come the Cows inquiring the hymns\n:\nwith eager longing come to Soma.\n35 To Soma come the Cows, the Milch-kine longing, to Soma\nsages with their hymns inquiring.\nSoma, effused, is purified and blended : our hymns andTrish-\ntup songs unite in Soma.\n36 Thus, Soma, as we pour thee into vessels, whilethouart puri-\nfied flow for our welfare.\nPass into Indra with a mighty roaring make the voiceswell,\n:\nand generate abundance.\n37 Singer of fifue songs, ever-watchful, Soma hath settled in the\nladles when they cleanse him.\nHim the Adhvaryus, paired and eager, follow, leadersof sacri-\nfice and skilful-handed.\n38 Cleansed near the Sun as 5twere, he as Creator hath filled full\nheaven and earth, and hath disclosed them.\nHe by whose dear help men gain all their wishes shall yield\nthe precious meed as to a victor.\n39 He, being cleansed, the Strengthener andIncreaser, Suma the\nBounteous, helped us with his lustre,\nWherewith our sires of old who-'knew the footsteps found\nlight and stole the cattle from the mountain.\n40 In the first vault of heaven loud roared the Ocean, King of\nall being, generating creatures.\nSteer, in the filter, on the fleecy summit, Soma, the Drop\neffused, hath waxen mighty,\n41 Somathe Steer, in that as Child of Waters he chose the Gods,\nperformed that great achievement.\nHe, Pavamana, granted strength to ludra; he, Iudu, gene*\nrated light,in Surya.\n42 Make V&yu glad, for furtherance and bounty : cheer Varuna\nand Mitra, as they cleanse thee.\nGladden theGods, gladden the host of Mar tits : make Heaven\nand Earth rejoice, 0 God, 0 Soma.\n43 Flow onward righteous slayer of the wicked, driving away\nour enemies and sickness,\nBlending thv milk with milk which cows afford us. We are\nthy friends, thou art the Friend of Indra.\nVedas. Thethreetones, low, middle, and high, are probably intended. Or\nvdhmh (the courser) may mean the bearer of the oblation, yajamdna as\nSAyanaexplains. ,\n40 In thefirstmult ; thatisinthehighestfirmament. The Ocean Soma."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1005,
            "content": "&YMX 97.] fBE UlGVEDA. &63\n44 Pour ns a fount of meafch, a spring of treasure; send us a\nhero son and happy fortune.\nBe sweet to Indra when they cleanse thee, Indu., and pour\ndown riches on ns from the ocean.\n45 Strong Soma, pressed, like an impetuous courser, hath flowed\nin stream as a flood speeding downward.\nCleansed, he hath settled in his wooden dwelling: Iudu hath\nflowed with milk and with the waters.\n46 Strong, wise, for thee who longest for his coming, this Soma\nhere flows to the bowls, 0 Indra.\nHe, chariot-borlie, sun-bright, and truly potent, was poured\nforth like the longing of the pious.\n47 He, purified with ancient vital vigour, pervading all hi3\nDaughter’s forms and figures,\nFinding his thi'eefold refuge in the waters, goes singing, as a\npriest, to the assemblies.\n48 How, cl)ariot-borne, flow unto us, God Soma, as thou art\npurified flow to the saucers,\nSweetest in waters, rich in meath, and holy, as Savitar the\nGod is, truthful-minded.\n49 To feast him, flowmid song and hymn, to V&yu, flow purified\nto Varuna and Mitra.\nFlowto the song-inspiring car-borne Hero, to mighty Indra,\nhim who wields the thunder.\n50 Pour on us garments that shall clothe us meetly, send,\npurified, milch-ldne, abundant yielders.\nGod Soma, send us chariot-drawing horses that they may\nbring us treasures bright and golden.\n51 Send to us in a stream celestial riches, send us, when thou\nart cleansed, what earth containeth,\nSo that thereby we may acquire possessions and Rishihood in\nJamadagni’s manner.\n52 Pour forth this wealth with this purification flow onward to\n:\nthe yellow lake, 0 Indu.\nHere, too, the Ruddy, wind-swift, full of wisdom, shall give\na son to him who cometh quickly.\n47 His Daughter'sforms andfigures:$oma pervades,andimpartsashare\nof hisnutritious powerto, the grass, herbs, andshrubswhichare thevaried\nforms assumed by Earthhis daughter.\n51 RUhih —oodin Jamadagni’s manner : 'make oursacred prayer (sweet)as\nJamadagni.’ Wilson.\n52 Yellow; themeaningofm&nschatvi is uncertain, See VII, 44. 3, note"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1006,
            "content": "::: :\n364 TEEHYMNS OF [BOOKXX.\n53 Flowon for nswith this purification to the famed ford of,thee\nwhose due is glory.\nMay the Foe-queller shake us down, for triumph, like a tree’s\nripe fruit, sixty thousand treasures.\n54 Eagerly do we pray for those two exploits, at the blue lake\nand Prisana, wrought in battle.\nHe sentour enemiesto sleep andslew them, and turned away\nthe foolishand unfriendly.\n55 Thou comest unto three extended filters, and hastenest\nthrough each one as they cleanse thee.\nThou art tfie giver of the gift, a Bhaga, a Maghavan for\nliberal !brds, 0 Indu.\n56 This Soma here, the Wise, the All-obtainer, flows on his way\nas King of all existence.\nDrivingthe drops at ourassemblies, Inducompletelytraverses\nthe fleecyfilter.\n57 The Great Inviolate are kissing Indu, and singing in his place\nlike eager sages.\nThe wise men send him forth with ten swift fingers, and balm\nhis form with essence of the waters.\n58 Soma, may we, with thee as Pavam&na, pile up together ail\nour spoil in battle.\nThis boon vouchsafe us Yaruna and Mitra, and Aditi and\nSindhu, Earth and Heaven\nI\nHYMN* XCVIIL Soma Parana.\nStream on us riches that aresought bymany, best atwinning\nstrength,\nKiches, 0 Indu, thousandfold, glorious, conquering the great.\n53 To the famed ford possibly, as Ludwig suggests, the aidof Somaia\ncravedatsome ford ofaneighbouring river, famous on account ofa battle\nthat hasbeen foughtthere, anddestinedto bethe sceneofanapproaching\nconflict.\n54 The first line is conjecturally translated after Ludwig, who takes\nPrisana to bethe name ofaplace. S&yana’s elaborate explanationis dif-\nferent ‘These two greatacts, theraining (ofarrows) and thehumiliation\n( ho of rsfo ee bs a), ckare ort ih neg aiv he ar ns d-o tf oh -a hp ap ni dne fs is gh; tt .h ’e —y Wia lr se on.dead Hl ey reeit Sh ie ir yai nn aa ef xi pgh lt aio nn\ns\nmdnschatvi (at the blueor yellow lake?)by ‘in battle with horses/ and\nprisane(atPrisana ?)by ‘in close,orhand-to-handencounter/ Twovictories\nappeartobereferredto, andthatisaboutallthatcanbesaid.\n55 Thethreeextendedfiltersaresaidtobefire,wind, and sun, inaddition\ntotheoneartificialfilterof wool.\n57 TheGreatInviolate the Gods. Kissing orsipping.\n58 Allourspoilinbattle yetto bewoninthe approaoiling fight wherein\nwelooktoSomaforhelpandvictory."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1007,
            "content": "—\n: :\nMTMN 98.] THE RIGVEDA. 305\n2 Effused, he hath, as on a car, invested him in fleecy mail :\nOnward hathlndu flowed'in streams, impelled, surrounded by\nthe wood.\n3 Effused, this Indu hath flowed on, distilling rapture, to the\nfleece :\nHegoeserect, asseekingkine,instream, withlight, to sacrifice.\n4 For thou thyself, 0 Indu, God, toevery mortal worshipper\nAttractest riches thousandfold, made manifest in hundred\nforms.\n5 Good Yritra-slayer, may we be still nearest to this wealth of\nthine\nWhich many crave, nearest to food and happiness, Besistless\nOne\n!\n6 Whom, bright with native splendour, crushed between the\npair of pressing-stones —\nThe wavy Friend whom Indra loves the twiee-five sisters\ndip and bathe,\n7 Him with the fleece they purify, brown, golden-hued, beloved\nof all,\nWho with exhilarating juice goes forth to all the Deities.\n8 Through longing for this sap of yours ye drink what brings\nability,\nEven him who, dear asheaven's ownlight, gives to ourprinces\nhigh renown.\n9 Indu at holy rites produced you, Heaven and Earth, the\nFriends of men,\nHill-haunting God the Goddesses, They bruised him where\nthe roar was loud.\n10 For Vritra-slaying Indra, thou, Soma, art poured that he may\ndrink,\nPoured for the guerdon-giving man, poured for the God who\nsitteth there.\n11 These ancient Somas, at the break of day, have flowed into\nthe sieve,\nSnorting away at early morn these foolish evil-hearted ones.\n2 Bythewood: thewoodenvat or trough.\n3 SeekingJcine desirousof themilkwhichistohemixed—withhisjuice.\nan9 deT ah ri ts hs tt ha enz pa rois ged nif yfi oc fult M. annSf ,iy ta hn ea Se oxp ml aai jn us ici et id sif gf ee nr ee rn atl ty ed: at‘ yD oi uv rin se ach rie fa icv ee sn\n,\nradiant, abidingin t—hegrindingstones\n;\n(the priests) bruisehimattheloud-\nsoundingceremony.* Wilson. Jlill-liaunting cf. IX. 85. 10.\n10 For the guerdon-giving man: for the good of the institute of the\nsacrifice,\n11 Snortingaway driving awaywiththebubblingsoundtheymake.\n,*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1008,
            "content": "— —\n: : :\nS§6 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\n12 Friends, may the princes, ye and we, obtain this Most Re-\nsplendent One,\nGain him who hath the smell of strength, win him whose**\nhome is very strength.\nHYMN\nXCIX. Soma Pavam&na.\nThey for theBoldandLovelyOneplymanlyvigourlikea bow\n:\nJoyous, in front of songs they weave bright raiment for the\nLord Divine.\n2 And he, made beautiful by night, dips forward into strength-\nening food,\nWhat time the sacrificed thoughts speed on his way the\nQolden-feued.\n3 We cleanse this gladdening drink ofhis, the juicewhich Indra\nchiefly drinks,\nThat which kine took into their mouths, of old, and princes\ntake it now.\n4 To him, while purifying, they haveraised the ancient psalm\nof praise :\nAnd sacred songs which bear thenames of Gods have suppli-\ncated him.\n5 They purify him as he drops, courageous, in the fleecy sieve.\nHim they instruct as messenger Co bear the sage’s morning\nprayer.\n6 Soma, best Cheerer, takeshisseat,the while they cleanse him\nin the bowls.\nHeasitwereimpregnsthecow,andbabbleson,theLordofSong.\n12 W —hohaththesmell ofstrength: v^jagnndhyam : *fragrant and —invigo-\nrating.’ Wilson. ‘Formingorhavingawagon-loadofgoods orspoil.’ S. P.\nLexicon. Kimwhosehomeis strength: v&japas —tyam ‘foodanddwellings.’\nWilson. ‘Him whohasahousefullofgoods.’ S. P.Lexicon.\n1 They—: thepriests. Plymanlyvigourlikea bow: ‘stretch the bow of\nmanhood.’ Wilson. Theyexert all their manly strength, or as Benfey,\nsuggests,attackandstormthe Godwithprayerandsacrifice, *beseeching and\nbesieging’asMiltonsays. TheLord Divine the Asura (Zend, Ahura), here\nmeaningSoma.\n—\n2 Bynight: kshapd ‘atthe endof thenight.’ Wilson. Ludwig tram- ^\nslateskshapftby *derfiirst,’ ‘theprince.*\n3 Whichkinetookintotheirmouths: inthe form of the juices of grass\nfromwhichthemilkyportionofthelibationisevolved. —\n4 Sftyaua’sexplanationofthesecondlineofthisstanza,isdifferent *. ‘and\nthefi—ngersexercisingtheirpressureareable(to preparetheoblation) forthe\ngods.’ Wilson. ;\n6 Heas itwereimpregnsthecow,* meaning, perhaps, as Ludwig suggests,\nthatthemilkbecomesefficaciousaBalibation only when it is mixed with\nSomajuice.\n\\"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1009,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN THE RIGYELA.\n100.] 36,7\n7 He 3s effused and beautified, a God for Gods, by skilful men.\nHepenetrates themightyfloods collectingallheknows therein.\n8 Pressed, Indu, guided by the men, thou art led to the clean-\ning sieve.\nThou, yielding Indra highest joy, takest thy seat within the\nbowls.\nHYMH\nC. Soma Pavatn&na,\nThe Guileless Ones are singing praise to Indra’s well beloved\nFriend,\nAs, in the morning of itslife, the motherslick the new-born\ncalf. ^\na\n2 0 Indu, while they cleansethee,bring, 0 Soma, doubly-waxing\nwealth\n:\nThou in the worshipper’s abode causest all treasures to in-\nincrease.\n3 Set free the song which mind hath yoked, even as thunder\nfrees the rain :\nAll treasures of the earth and heaven, 0 Soma, thou dost\nmultiply.\n4 Thystream whenthou artpressed runson likesomevictorious\nwarrior’s steed,\nHastening onward through the fleece like a swift horse who\nwins the prize.\n5 Flow on, Sage Soma, withthystream to give usmental power\nand strength,\nEffused for Indra, for his drink, for Mitra and for Varnna.\n6 Flowto the filterwiththystream, effused, best winner, thou,\nof spoil,\n0 Soma, as mos£ rich in sweets for Indra, Vishnu, and the\nGods.\n7 The mothers, void ofguiles, caress thee, Golden-coloured, in\nthesieve,\nAs cows, 0 Pavam&na, lick the new-born calf, as Law com-\nmands.\n—7 Collecting allheknowstherein: the meaningofthishalf-lineisnotclear\n1wheuheisrecognized amongstthese (people) as the giver (of riches).*\n—\nWilson.\n1 The Guileless Ones: thevasattvariwaters.\nIII7 .A 2s 18,La nw otc eo 2m .ma ‘An tds th; evk sl ah cra ir fim ca e.n ’i — Wis le se oB ne .rga *i Ig nne t, heLa reaR le mlig oi fon h“ eV a6 vd ei ng /ue t\nGraasmanu,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1010,
            "content": ":\n368 THE HYMNS OF ' [HOOK '\n8 Thou, Pavamana,movest on with wondrous rajs to\nnown. - ' , v.\nStriving within the votary’s house thou drivest allthe glooms\naway.\n9 Lord ofgreatsway, thouliftesttheeabove the heavens, above\nthe earth.\nThou, Pavamana, hast assumed thy coat of mail inmajesty.\nHYMN CL SomaPavarn&na.\nFob first possession of yourjuice, for the exhilarating drink,\nDrive ye away the dog, my friends, drive yethe long-tongued\ndog awa^,#\n2 He who withpurifying stream, effused, comes flowing hither-\nward,\nIndu, is like an able steed.\n3 Themenwithall-pervadingsongsend unassailable Somaforth,\nBy pressing-stones, to sacrifice.\n4 The Somas, very rich in sweets, for which the sieve is des-\ntined, flow,\nEffused, the source of Indra’s joy: may your strong juices\nreach the Gods.\n5 Indu flowson forIndra’s sake : thushave theDeities declared.\nThe Lord ofSpeech exerts himself, Euler of all, because of\nmight.\n6 Inciter of the voice of song, with thousand streams the ocean\nflows,\nEven Soma, Lord of opulence, the Friend of Indra, day by\nday.\n7 As Pushan, Fortune, Bhaga,»comesthisSomawhiletheymake\nhim pure.\nHe, Lord of all the multitude, hath looked upon the earth\nand heaven.\n8 The dear cowslowed in joyful mood together to the gladden-\ning drink.\nThe drops as they were purified, the Somajuices, made them\npaths.\n9 0 Pavam&na, bring the juice, the mightiest, worthy to be\nfamed,\nWhich the Five Tribes have over them, whereby we may win\nopulence.\n9 Thecoat ofmail:drdp'm;seeIX. 86. 14.\n1 Driveyeaway preventdogsorR&kakasasfrom drinkingtheSomajuice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1011,
            "content": ":: :\nHYMN THE R1QVEDA. 369\n102.J\n10 For us the Soma juices flow, the drops best furtherers of our\nweal,\nEffused as friends, without a spot, benevolent, finders of the\nlight.\n11 Effused by means of pressing*stones, upon theox-hidevisible,\nThey, treasure-finders, have announced food unto us from\nevery side.\n12 These Soma juices, skilled in song, purified, blent with milk\nand curd,\nWhenmovingandwhenfirmlylaidinoil, resemblelovely Suns.\n13 Let not the power of men restrain the voice c£ the outpour-\ning juice\nAs Bhrigu’s sons chased Maklia, so drive ye the greedy hound\naway.\n14 The Friend hath wrapped him in his robe, as in bis parents'\n1\narms, a son.\nHe went, as lover to adame, to take his station suitor-like,\n15 That Hero who produces strength, he who hath propped both\nworlds apart,\nGold-hued, hath wrapped him in the sieve, to settle, priest-\nlike, in his place.\n16 Somaupontheox'sskinthroughthesheep's woolflowspurified.\nBellowing out, the Tawny Steer goes on to Indra’s special\nplace.\nHYMN GIL SomaPavam&na.\nThe Child, when blended with the streams, speeding the plan\nof sacrifice,\nSurpasses all things that are dear, yea, from of old.\n2 The place, near the two pressing-stones of Trita, hath he\noccupied,\nSecret and dear through seven lights of sacrifice.\n13 Makha: apparently, ademonwhosename doesnotoccur again in the\nBigveda. —\n16 Special place: prepared station.’ Wilson. Thevessel containingthe\nlibationappropriatedtoIndra.\n1 Thestreams: literally 1the great,’ ‘waters’ beingunderstood. .\n2 I am indebted to Prof. Macdonell (Journal of the B. A, S.. July, 1893,\npp, 457-8)for the translationand explanationof thisand the following very-\ndifficult stanzas. The place faraway iii heaven where Trita presses and\nprepares thecelestialSoma for Indra. Me: Soma. Bear: to Soma. Seven\nlightsof sacrifice probably the seven rays or tongues of the sacrificial fire\nwith whic —h Soma is closely connected. *Through the seven ordinances of\nsacrifices.’ Macdonell.\n24"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1012,
            "content": "—\n, : ; :,: :::\n370 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK /X,\n3 Urge to three courses, on the heights of Trita, riches in a\nstream\nHe who.is passing wise measures his courses out.\n4 Evenat his birth the Mothers Seven taught'him, for glory,\nlike a sage,\nSo that he, firm and sure, hath set his mind on wealth..,\n5 Under*his sway, of one accord, are all the guileless Deities;\nWarriors to be envied, they, when they are pleased.\n6 The Babe whom they who strengthen Law have generated,\nfair to see,\nMuch longecbfor at the sacrifice, most liberal Sage,\n7 To him, united, of themselves, cometheyoung Parents of the\nrite,\nW.hen they adorn him, duly weavingsacrifice.\n8 With wisdom and with radiant eyes unbar to us the stall of\nheaven,\nSpeeding at solemn rite the plan of Holy Law.\nHYMJST CIIL SomaPavam&ua.\nTo Soma who is purified asordering Priest the songisraised :\nBringmeed, as'twere, to one whointakestheeglad withhymns.\n5 Blended with milk and curds he hows on through the long\nwool of the sheep.\nThe Gold-hued, purified, makes him threeseats forrest.\n3 Onthrough thelong wool of thesheepto the meatli-dropping\nvat he flows:\nThe Risbis5 sevenfold quire hath sung aloudto him.\n4 Shared by all Gods, Infallible, the Leader of our holy hymns,\nGolden-hued Soma, being cleansed, hath reached the bowls.\n3 ‘Tlie main justification of myinterpretation/ saysProf. Macdonell, ‘is\nthat Isupplyno extraneous word with *trfni/ hut explain it by the third\nline. Themeaningof my translationis: ‘Dothou,Soma,ontheheights of\nTrita,directthefertilizingstreamswhich produce wealth into the channels\nof Trita, for thou knowest these channels, hayingmeasuredthemoutwith\nthystreams/ Threecourses orchannels,of Trita. Hewhoispassingwiset\nSoma. His Trita’s.\n4 The MothersSeven: theSevenRivers.\n5 Warriorsto beenvied themeaningof thelineisuncertain.\n6 Theywhostrengthen Law accordingtoS&yana,thevasattvariwaters.\n7 TheyoungParents of.therite: ever-young, freshandstrongHeavenand\nEarth.\n2 Threeseatsforrest threereservoirs inwhich hemaysettle. Thedro~\nnakalasa theddhavaniya andthepMdbhrit.\n—\n3 TheMishis'sevenfoldguire ‘thesevenmetresof theJZishisS Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1013,
            "content": ";: : ;\nam\nTHERWVEDA. S7I\n105.]\n5 After thy Godlike qualities, associate with Indra, go,\nAs a Priest-purified by priests, Immortal One.\n6 Lik^ a ^ar^iors<3 w^° s^ows hia strength, a God effused for\nDeities,\nThe penetrating Pavamana flows along.\nHYMN CIY. Soma Pavam&na.\nSitdown, 0friends, andsingaloudtohimwhopurifies himself\n:\nDeck him for glory, like a child, with holy rites.\n2 Unite him blunging household wealth, even as a calf, with\nmother kine,\nHim who hath double strength, the God-delighting juice.\n3 Purify him who gives us power, that he, mdfet Blessed One,\nmaybe\nA banquet for the Troop, Mitra, and Varuna.\n4 Yoices have sung aloud to thee asfinder-out ofwealthfor us\nWe clothe the hue thou wearest with a robe of milk. :\n5 Thou, Indu, art the food of Gods, 0 Sovran of all gladdening\ndrinks\nAs Friend for friend, he thou best finder of success.\n6 Drive utterly away from us each demon, each voracious fiend,\nThe godless and the fal^e keep sorrow far away.\n:\nHYMN CY. SomaPavamftna.\nSing ye aloud, 0 friends, tohim whomakes himpure forglad-\ndening drink\n:\nThey shall make sweet the Child with sacrifice and laud.\n2 Likeasacalfwithmothercows, soIndu isurged forthandsent,\nGlorified by our hymns, the God-delighting juice.\n3 Effectual means of power is he, he is a banquet forthe Troop,\nHe who hath bfcen effused, most richin meath, for Gods.\n4 Flow to us, Indu, passing strong, effused, with wealth of kine\nand steeds\n:\nI will spread forth above the milk thy radiant hue.\n5 Lord of the tawny, Indu, thou whoart theGods’most special\nfood,\nAs Friend to friend, for splendour be thou good to men.\n5 AfterthyGodlikequalities accordingtoS&yana, ctothehosts—ofthe gods,'\n6 Penetrating: vydnasih; ‘spreadingwidelyintothevessels.’ Wilson.\n2 Unitehim: ‘Associatehim the suppor—tof the mansionwith themater-\nnal (waters) as the calf (withthe mother).1 Wilson\n3 The Troop thebanded Maruts.\n5 Lordof thetawny Jiarlndm S&yanatmppliespattindm, cattle.\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1014,
            "content": ": : : : :\n3762 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK IX.\nDrive utterly, far away from us each godless, each voracious\nfoe\n0 Indu, overcome and drive the false afar.\nHYMN\nCVI. SomaPavamdna.\nToIndra,totheMightySteer,maythesegold-colouredjuicesgo,\nDrops rapidlyproduced, that find the light of heaven.\n2 Effused, this juice victorious flows for Indra, for his mainte-\nnance.\nSoma bethinks him of the Conqueror, as he knows.\n3 May Indra in hisraptures gain from him the grasp that gath-\ners spoil, *>\nAnd, winning waters, wield the steer-strong thunderbolt.\n4 Flowvigilant for Indra, thou Soma, yea, Indu, run thou on\n:\nBring hither splendid strength that finds the light of heaven.\n5 Dothou, all-beautiful, purifyforIndra's sake themightyjuice,\nPath-maker thou, farseeing, with a thousand ways.\n6 Best finder ofprosperity forus, most rich in sweets for Gods,\nProceed thou loudly roaring on a thousand paths.\n7 0 Indu, with thy streams, in might, flow for the banquet of\nthe Gods\n:\nRich in meath, Soma, in our beaker take thy place.\n8 Thy drops that swim in water have exalted Indra to delight\nThe Gods have drunk thee up for immortality.\n9 Stream opulence to us, ye dropsof Soma,pressed andpurified,\nPouring down rain from heaven in floods, and finding light.\n10 Soma,while filtered, withhiswave flowsthroughthelongwool\nof the sheep,\nShouting while purified before the voice of spng.\n11 With songs they send the Mighty forth, sporting in wood,\nabovethe fleece\nOur psalms have glorified him of the triple height.\n12 Into the jars hath he been loosed, like an impetuous steed\nfor war,\nAnd lifting up his voice, while filtered, glided on.\n13 Gold-hued and lovely in his course, through tangles of the\nwool he flows,\nAnd pours heroic fame upon the worshippers.\nThehymn isa Bortof rifaccimentoofHymn 104.\n2 For hismaintenance: bhardya or, forbattle. The Conqueror Indra\n11 Himof the tripleheight: tripmhthdm: thethree heightsare probably\nt —hefirmament, themountain,andthealtar. ‘Abiding in three receptacles’\nWilson.\n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1015,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 107.] THE MOVED A. 373\n14 Flow thus, a faithful votary : the streams of meath have\nbeen effused.\nThou comest to the filter, singing, from each side.\nHYMN\nCVII. Soma Pavam&na.\nHence sprinkle forth the juice effused. Soma, the best of\nsacred gifts,\nWho, friendof man, hath run amid the water-streams.\nHe hath pressed Soma out with stones,\n2 Now, being purified, flow hither through the fleece inviolate\nand most odorous. »\nWe gladden thee in waters when thou art effused, blending\nthee still with juice and milk.\n3 Pressed out for all to see, delighting Gods, Indu, Far-sighted\nOne, is mental power,\n4 Cleansing thee, Soma, in thy stream, thou flowest in a watery\nrobe\n:\nGiver of wealth, thou sittest in the place of Law, 0 God, a\nfountain made of gold.\n5 Milking the heavenly udder for dear meath, he hath sat in\nthe ancient gathering-place.\nWashed by the men, the Strong, Far-seeing Onestreams forth\nnutritious food that all desire.\n6 0 Soma, while they cleanse thee, dear and watchful in the\nsheep’s long wool,\nThou hast become a Singer most like Angtras thou madesfc\n:\nSurya mount to heaven.\n7 Bountiful, best of furtherers, Soma floweth on, Rishi and\nSinger, keen of sight.\nThou hastbecome a Sage most welcome to the Gods thou\n:\nmadest Surya mount to heaven.\n8 Pressed out by pressers, Soma goes over the fleecy backs of\nsheep,\nGoes, even as with a mare, in tawny-coloured stream, goes\nin exhilarating stream.\n9 Down to the water Soma, rich in kine, hath flowed with cows,\nwith cows that have been milked.\n1 He ; the priest,\n4 Intheplaceof Law : in theplace of Law-ordainedsacrifice,\n5 Milking theheavenly udder for dear meath extracting the sweet and\npreciousjuicefrom thestalkandtendrilsof theSomaplant."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1016,
            "content": ":\n374 THE HYMNS OF [BOO# /Jf.\nTheyhave approached the mixing-vesselsas a sea the cheerer\n:\nstreams for the carouse.\n10 Effused by stones, 0Soma, and urged through the long wool\nof the sheep,\nThou, entering the saucers as a man the fort, gold-hued hast\nsettled’ in the wood.\n11 He beautifies himself through the sheep’s long fine wool, like\nan impetuous steed in war,\nEven Soma Pavamana who shall be the joy of sages and of\nholy bard?,\n—\n12 0 Soma, for the feast of Gods, river-like he hath swelled\nwithsurge,\nWith the stalk’s juice, exhilarating, resting not, into the vat\nthat drops withmeath.\n13 Like a clear son who must be decked, the Lovely One hath\nclad him in a shiningrobe.\nMen skilful at their work drive himforth, like a car, into the\nrivers from their hands.\n14 The living drops of Soma juice pour, as they flow, the glad-\ndening drink, r\nIntelligent drops above the basin of the sea, exhilarating,\nfinding light.\n15 May Pavam&na, King and God, speed with his wave over the\nseathe lofty rite :\nMay he by Mitra’s and by Varuna’s decree flow furthering the\nlofty rite.\n16 Far-seeing, l—ovely, guided by the men, the God whose home is\n*\nin the sea\n17 Soma, the gladdening juice, flows pressed for Indra with his\nMarut host\nHe hastens o’er the fleecewith all histhousand streams : men\nmake him bright and beautiful.\n18 Purified in the bowl and gendering the hymn, wise Soma joys\namong the Gods.\nEobed in the flood, the Mighty Onehath clad himself with\nmilk and settled in thevats.\nsam9 vrT i,he ty oh ca ovv ee r,a ep np cr lo oa sc e,he sd urt rh oe unm di ,xi mn ug s- tv ,ess ael ps pal ri ek ne tla y,se ma e: as nam tv hedr va en sd sn ei l—syf tr ho atm\ncontainthejuices andnot thejuices themselvesas Sfiyapa explains; ‘his\n—\nenjoyablejuicesgo (to thepitcheraswaters)totheocean.’* Wilson.\n12 0Soma he,isasortof periphrasisforSomain the nominative case.\n14 Of thesea; of thefirmament,orseaof air."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1017,
            "content": ": : : : :\nHYMN 108.] TEE RIGVEBA. 375\n19 0 Soma, Indu, everydaythyfriendship hath beenmy delight.\nMany fiends follow me help me, thou Tawny-hned pass on\n; ;\nbeyond these barriers.\n20 Closetothybosomam I, Soma, day andnight, 0Tawny4med,\nfor friendship sake.\nSurya himselfrefulgent with his glow have we o’ertaken in his\ncourse like birds.\n21 Deft-handed thouwhenpurified liftestthyvoice amidthe sea.\n!\nThou, Pavam&na, makestriches flowto us, yellow, abundant,\nmuch-desired.\n22 Making thee pure and bright in the sheep’s^Jong wool, thou\nhast bellowed, steer-like, in the wood.\nThou flowest, Soma Pavamfina, balmed with milk unto the\nspecial place of Gods.\n23 Flowonto winusstrength, flow on toloftylore of every kind.\nThou, Soma, as Exhilarator wast the first to spread the sea\nabroad for Gods.\n24 Flow to the realm of earth, flow to the realm of heaven, 0\nSoma, in thy righteous ways.\nFair art thou whom the sages, 0 Far-seeing One, urge onward\nwith their songs andjhymns.\n25 OverthecleansingsievehaveflowedthePavamanasin astream,\nGirt by the Maruts, gladdening, Steeds with Inra5s strength,\nfor wisdom and for dainty food.\n26 Urged onward by the pressers, clad in watery robes, Indu is\nspeeding to the vat.\nHe gendering light, hath made the glad Cows low, the while\nhe takes them as his garb of state.\n* HYMN CVIir. SomaPavamana.\nFob Indra, flow thou Soma on, as gladdening juice most\nsweet, intelligent,\nGreat, cheering, dwelling most in heaven.\n2 Thou, of whom having drunk the Steer acts like a steer\ndrinking ofthis that finds the light,\n19 Many fiends the texthas only puritni, many, In the neuter plural.\nS&yanasuppliesrakshdhsiBftkshasas —orfiends. Passonbeyondthesebarriers;\n‘overcomethose whosurroundme.’ Wilson. —\n20 Closeto thy bosom, amI ‘I(delight)inthypresence.’ Wilson.\n21 Amidthesea: antarihshe kalasevd, inthe firmamentorinthe beaker,\n»ays S&yana. —\n25 ThePavamdnas fthypurifiedjuices/ Wilson.\n2 TheStee—racts Weea*£ecr. vrishabhb vriskdy&te: cthe showererIndrais\ninvigorate—d.’ Wilson. Etasa one of the —horses of the Sun\n;\nor a horse in\ngeneral; ‘as ahorse comestothebattle/ S&yana."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1018,
            "content": "—\n; ;\n376 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK /X\nHe, Excellently Wise, is come to strengthening food, to spoiI_^-\nand wealth like Etasa.\n3 For, verily, Pavamaua, thou hast, splendidest, called all the\ngenerations of\nThe Gods to immortality.\n4 By whom Dadhyach Navagva opens fastened doors, by whom\nthe sages gained their wish,\nBy whom theywon thefame of lovelyAmrita in thefelicity of\nGods.\n5 Effused, he floweth in a stream, best rapture-giver, in the long\nwool of the>sheep,\nSporting, asrjtwere the waters’ wave.\n6 He who from out the rocky caverntook with might the red-\nrefulgent watery Cows,\nThoumasterest the stable full of kine and steeds : burst it,\nbrave Lord, like one in mail.\n7 Press ye and pour him, like a steed, laud-worthy, speeding\nthrough the region and the flood,\nWho swims in water, roars in wood\n8 Inereaser of the water, Steerwith thousand streams, dear to\nthe race of Deities r\nWho born in Lawhat; h waxen mighty bythe Law, King, God,\nand lofty Ordinance.\n9 Make splendid glory shine on us, thou Lord of strengthening\nfood, God, as the Friend of Gods :\nUnclose thefount of middle air.\n10 Roll onward to the bowls, 0 Mighty One, effused, as Prince\nsupporter ofthe tribes. ^\nPour on us rain from heaven, send us the waters’ flow : incite\nourthoughts to win the spoil.\n11 They have drained him the Steer of heaven, him with a\nthousand streams, distilling rapturousjoy,\nHim who brings all thingexcellent.\n12 The Mighty One was born Immortal, giving life, lightening\ndai’kness with hisshine.\nWell-praised by sages hehath byhis wondrouspower assumed\nthe Threefold as his robe.\n4 JDadhyachNavagva Dadhyach wasthesonof Atharvanthepriestwho\nfirstobtainedfireand offered Soma and prayertotheHods. Hereheiscalled\naNavagvaandconsequentlyoneof theAngirases. See both names in Yol.\nI., Index. Wonthefameof—lovelyAmrita ; *obtainedthe sustenanceof the\ndelicious (ambrosial) water/ Wilson.\n12 The Threefold; themorning, noon, andeveninglibation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1019,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 109.] THE EIGVEFA. 377\n13 Effused is he who brings good things,who brings us bounteous\ngifts and sweet refreshing food,\nSoma who brings us quiet homes\n:\n14 Pie whom our Indra and the Marut host shall drink, Bhaga\nshall drink with Aryaman,\nBy whom we bring to us Mitra and Yanina and Indra for our\ngreat defence.\n15 Soma, for Indra’s drink do thou, led bythe men, well-weapon-\ned and most gladdening,\nFlow on with greatest store of sweets.\n16 Enter the Soma-holder, even Indra’s heart, as°sivers pass into\nthe sea,\nAcceptableto Mitra, Yayu, Yaruna, the noblest Pillar of the\nheavens.\nHYMN\nCIX. Soma PavamAna.\nPleasant to Indra’s, Mitra’s, Pushan’s Bhaga’s taste, speed\nonward, Soma, with thy flowing stream.\n2 Let Indra drink, 0 Soma, of thy juice for wisdom, and all\nDeities for strength.\n3 So flow thou on as bright celestial juice, flow to the vast, im-\nmortal dwelling-place.\n4 Flow onward, Soma, as a mighty sea, as Father of the Gods,\nto every form.\n5 Flow on, 0 Soma, radiant forthe Godsand Heavenand Earth,\nand bless our progeny.\n6 Thou, bright Juice, art Sustainer of the sky flow, mighty, in\n:\naccordance w*th true Law.\n7 Soma, flowsplendid with thy copious stream through the\ngreat fleece as in the olden time.\n8 Born, led by men, joyous, and purified, let the Light-finder\nmake all blessings flow.\n13 Themetre of thisstanzais G&yatrlYavamadhyA,thatisG&yatr?having\nthemiddlelikea barley-corn, thickinthemiddleand taperingatboth ends :\nfirstaP&claof eightsyllables,then oneof twelve, andlastlyanotherofeight.\nThe Bisliis are the Agnavo DhishnyAh,saerifieal Agnis orFires, saidtobe\nsons of IsvaratheSupremeDeityof post-Vedictimes.\n3 Flow to the—vast immortal dwelling''place {flow for immortality and\nspaciousabode.1 Wilson.\n4 To everyform to all theforms or essences ofthe Gods into which he\nenters. Ortoeverypower, toaidusin every way."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1020,
            "content": ":\n379 8 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK JX.\nIndu, while cleansed, keeping the people safe, shall giva-\nall possessions for onr own.\n10 Flow onfor wisdom, Soma, and for power, as a strong courser\nbathed, to win the prize.\n11 The presserspurify this juiceofthine, the Soma, for delight,\nandlofty fame.\n12 They deck the Gold-hued Tnfant, newly-born, even Soma,\nIndu, in the sieve for Gods.\n13 Fair Indu hath flowed on for rapturous joy, Sage for good\nfortune irvthe waters’ lap.\n14 He bears tffe beauteous name of Indra, that wherewith he\novercame all demon foes.\n15 All Deities are wont to drink of him, pressed by the men and\nblent with milk and curds.\n16 He hath flowed forth with thousand 'streams effused, flowed\nthrough the filter and the sheep’s long wool.\n17 With endless genial flow the Strong hath run, purified by the\nwaters, blent with milk.\n18 Pressed out with stones, directed by the men, go forth, 0\nSoma, into Indra’s throat. *\n19 The mighty Soma with a thousand streams is poured toIndra\nthrough the cleansing sieve.\n20 Indu they balm with pleasant milky juice for Indra, for the\nSteer, for his delight.\n21 Lightly, for sheen, they cleansethee for the Gods, gold-colour-\ned, wearing water as thy robe.\n22 Induto Indra streams, yea, downward streams, Strong, flow-\ning to the floods, and mingling there.\nHYMN\nCX. SomaPavara&na.\nO’bepowerxno Vritras, forward run to win great strength\n:\nThou speedest to subdue like one exacting debts.\n2 In thee, effused, 0 Soma, we rejoice ourselves for great su-\npremacy in fight:\nThou, Pavam&na, enterest into mighty deeds.\n3 0 Pavam&na, thoudidstgeneratetheSun, and spreadthemois-\nture out with power,\nHasting to us with plenty vivified with milk.\n14 Hebears: accordingto SAyana, thetranslation of the first half-line\nwould be\n:\nIndra’sfairbodyhesupports, wherewith,etc.\n3 Withplentyvivifiedwith —mills *with abundant wisdom that procures\ncattle (forthy worshippers).’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1021,
            "content": ": ; ;- : : : :\nrtMR in.] tre mgveda. 379\n4 Thou didst produce him, Deathless God mid mortal men\n!\nfor maintenance of Law and lovely Amrita\nThouevermorehast moved making strength flow to us.\n5 AH round about hast thou with glorypierced for us as ’twere\na never-failing well for men to drink,\nBorne on thy way in fragments from the presser’s arms,\n6 Then, beautifully radiant, certain Heavenly Ones, have sung\nto him their kinship as they looked thereon,\nAnd Savitar the God opens as ’twere a stall.\n7 Soma, the men of old whose grass was trimmed addressed the\nhymn to thee for mighty strength and for renown :\nSo, Hero, urge us onward to heroic power.\n8 They have drained forth from out the great depth ofthe sky\nthe old primeval milk of heaven that claims the laud\nThey lifted up their voice to Indra at his birth.\n9 As longas thou,* 0 P&vamdna, artabove this earth and heaven\nand all existence in thy might,\nThou standest like a Bull the chiefamid the herd.\n10 In the sheep's wool hath Soma Pavam&na flowed, while they\ncleanse him, like a playful infant,\nIndu with hundred powers and hundred currents.\n11 Holy and sweet, while puri—fied, this Tndu flows on, a wave of\npleasant taste, to Indra,\nStrength-winner, Treasure-finder, Life-bestower.\n12 So flow thou on, subduing our assailants, chasing the demons\nhard to be encountered,\nWell-armed and conquering our foes, 0 Soma.\nHYMN CXI. Soma Pavamana.\nWith this his golden splendour purifying him, he with his\nown allies subdues all enemies, as Sura with his own allieB.\nCleansing himself with streamof nice he shinesforth yellow-\nj\nhued and red, when with the praisers he encompasses all\nforms, with praisers having seven mouths.\n5 Infragments inpiecesofthecrushedstalkandshootsoftheSoma*plant.\n6 Beautifully radiant;vasunichah accordingto S&yana, a propername,\nVasuruchas, pluralofV—asurueh. Opensas ’twere a stall : ‘drives away the\nobstructing(darkness)/ Wilson.\n1 He : Soma. All enemies: thefiends of darkness. As Silva withhisown\nallies: as Sftrya.or the Sun withhis attendantbeams oflight. Allforms:\nvl&vrt i^Apti allthelunar mansions, accordingto S&yana. According to Hille-\nbrandt, (assumest) all beauty. Withthe praisers: riJcvabhih perhapsthe\nAngirasesareintended. Ravingsevenmouths thatis, one mouth each, the\nmouthbeingmentionedinreference totheirloveofSomajuice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1022,
            "content": "e ; ::; ; : :\nMS\n330 HYMNS OF [BOOK IX,\n2 That tfe&sitte of the Panis thou discoveredst thou withj^^ii.\nmother deckest thee in thine abode, with s; ongs of worship\ninthine home.\nAs ’twere from far, the hymn is heard, where holy songs\nresound in joy. He with the ruddy-hued, threefold hath\nwon life-power, he, glittering, hath won life-power.\n3 He moves intelligent, directed to theEast. The very beau-\nteous car rivals the beams of light, the beautiful celestial\ncar.\nHymns,laudingmanly valour, came,incitingTndra tosuccess,\nthatye rr^iy be unconquered, both thy bolt and thou, both\nbe uncoifquered in the war.\nHYM2ST CXII. SomaPavam&na.\nW\nall have variousthoughts and plans, and diverse are the\nways of men.\nThe Brahman seeks the worshipper, wright seeks the cracked,\nandleech the maimed, Flow, Indu, how for Indra’s sake.\n2 The smith with ripe and seasoned plants, with feathers of the\nbirds ofair,\nWithstones, and with enkindled flames, seeks him who hath\na store of gold. Flow, Indu, flaw for Indra’s sake.\n3 A bard am I, my dad’s a leech, mammy lays corn upon the\nstones.\nStriving for wealth, with varied plans, we follow our desires\nlike kiue. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra’s sake.\n2 Treasureofthe Panis therays oflightcarriedoffandconcealedby the\ndemonsofdarkness. ThyMothers;apparentlytheDawns. AccordingtoS&yana\nthevasatlvari waters. Threefold thereisnosubstantive inthetext, andit\nisuncertain whabtridhdtubhih refersto. S&yana refersitto thevasativart\nwaters, and explainsitby ‘the supporters ofthethree worlds.* Grassmann\nthinks thatthe beverages,consisting of three ingredients, mixed with the\nSomajuiceareintended. ProbablytheDawns,sometimesspokenofasthree\n(cf. VIII. 41.3),aremeant.\n3 Theverybeauteouscar ofSoma. Beamoflight sunbeams.\nThehymnappears tobeanoldpopular song transformed intoan address\nto Somabyattaching to each stanza a refrain whichhasno connexionwith\nthe subjectof thesong. Butsee Vedische Studies I. p. 107. Thehymn is\ntranslatedin Muir’s 0. S. Texts, V, 424.\n1 The Brahman f—This verse distinctly provesthatthepriesthoodalready\naf no\n2\ndrm wPe ild\nta\nhna\nt\nep\ns\nnr ko\n:\nife nms des lai eo\nn\ndn i. f’\nn lg\namhM eeu sri er,\nar\nce0 ce.\nod\nrsS d.\nw\nihT ne gix ct\nh\nts o,weI S.\nr &e\ny25 am2 n.\na a,de wi in tt hoa gr lr io sw tes n. ingWi st toh nes st ,one ts o,\nform theheads of thearrows Who hatha storeofgold and will be able\ntopaywell for thearrowswhichtheartisanmakesforhim.\n3 Mydad ; talah; afamiliarexpression, correspondingto nan#,mammy."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1023,
            "content": ":;: : :\n4\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA. 881\n113,]\nThe horse would draw an easy ear, gay hosts attract the laugh\nandjest.\nThe male desires his mate's approach,the frog is eager for the\nflood. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.\nHYMN CXIII. Soma PavamSna.\nLet Vritra-slayiug Indra drink Soma by Saryan&v&n's side,\nncr up vigour in his heart, prepared* todo heroic deels.\nFlow, flow for Indra's sake.\n2 LordoftheQuarts-, thouon,boonSoma, fromArjikal?,nd,\n#\nElfused with ardour au^ wjthwfaith, and the true hymn of\nsacrifice. Flow, Indu, flow Indra’s sake?\n3 Hither hath SArya's Daughter brought the wild Steer whom\nParjanya nursed.\nGandharvas have seized hold of him, and in the Somalaid\nthe juice. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.\n4 Splendid by Law ! declaring Law, truth-speaking, truthful in\nthy works*\nEnouncing faith, King Soma thou, 0 Soma, whom thy maker\n!\ndecks. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.\n5 Together flow the meeting streamsofhim the Great and truly\nStrong.\nThejuices of the juicy meet. Made pure byprayer, 0 Golden-\nhued, flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.\n6 0 Pavamana, where the priest, as he recites the rhythmio\nprayer,\nLords it o'er Soma with the stone, with Soma bringing forth\ndelight, flow, Indu, flow for Indra’s sake.\n7 0 PavamAna, place me in that deathless, undecaying world\nWhereinthelightofheavenisset,andeverlastinglustreshines.\nFlow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.\n8 Make meimmortalinthat realmwhere dwellsthe King, Vivas-\nvfin'sSon,\nWhere is the secret shrine of heaven, where are those waters\nyoung and fresh. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.\n1 Saryandvdn alakeintheKurukshetra district.\n2 Of the Quarters; of thefourregions of the sky. Avjilca land accord-\ningto S&yana, thecountryof the Rijikas. Cf. VIII. 7.29.\n3 ThewildSteerwhom Parjanya nursed : the mighty Soma-plant whoBe\ngrowthhasbeen fostered bythe God of therainy cloud. Silrya’sDaughter ;\nSvaddM or Faith. Cf. IX. I. 6. Gandharvas guardians of the heavenly\nSoma. SeeVol. I., Index. — *\n4 Thymaker theSo—ma-presser, or the institutor of the sacrifice: *the\nupholder(of the rite).' Wilson.\n8 TheKing Yama,theruler of departed spirits, son of Vivasvfin. See\nVol. I.,Index."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1024,
            "content": "—\n; ;\n3892 the may eda. [BOOK IX.\nMakemeimmortalinthatrealmwheretheymoveevenastheyIis,t,\nIn the third sphere of inmost heaven where lucid worlds are\nfull of light. Flow, Indu, flow for Tndra’s sake.\n10 Makemeimmortalinthatrealmof eagerwishandstrongdesir^^\nThe region of the radiant Moon, where food and full delight\nare found. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra’s sake.\n11 Make me immortalin that realm where happiness\nsports, where\n,\nJoys and felicities combine, and longings fulfilled.\nFlow, Indu, flow for Indra’s sake^^^\nSomaPavam&na.\nTab man vfkio walketh-^fhe Laws of Indu Pavam&na bid,\nMen call himrigjrtffchildren, him, 0 Soma, whohathmetthy\nthought, Flow, Indu, flow for Indra’s sake.\n2 Kasyapa,Rishi,liftingupthyvoicewithhymn-composers’lauds,\nPay reverence to King Soma born the Sovran Ruler of the\nplants. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra’s sake.\n3 Seven regions have their several Suns the ministering priests\nj\nare seven\nSeven arethe Aditya Deities,—with these,0 Soma, guardthou\nus. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra’s sake,\n4 Guard its with this oblation whi«h, King Soma, hath been\ndressed for thee.\nLet not malignity conquer us, letnothing evil do us harm.\nFlow, Indu, flow for Indra’s sake.\n9 Whentheymoveevenasthey—list: iwhereactionisunrestrained.’— Muir.\n*Wherethesunwandersat will.’ Wilson.\n10 OftheradiantMoonrtheadjectivebradhndsya oftheruddyorbrilliant,\nstands wit—hout a substantive. ‘Sun’ is supplied, by S&yana, ‘Desrotp-\ntra Al send re en g, a’ rdsL tu hd ewi jg oy. soS fee thH eil dl ee pb ar ra tn ed dt ,, rV ee fd ei rs rc eh de toMy it nho sl fo ag ni ze as, I. 7,—39 16 2,.\nProfessor\nvonBothobserves (Jouru. Amer. Orient. Soc. iii 343, quotedbyDr. Muir,\nI0. nS o. rdT ee rxt ts o,sY h. ow30 t7 h) a‘ tT nh oe tp ml ea rc ee lw yh ae nre out th ee rse cg ol uo rri tfi oe fdo tn he esa dr ie vit no eli dve wei ls lh ie na gv sen i.\ns\nsetapartforthem, thehighestheaven,themidstorinnermostpartofheaven,\ndis ive ix np ere ss ps ll ey nds op uo rke in sno of ta ds isft ih ge ui rr edse ba yt. anyTh si ps eciis fict ah te ii or\nn\np ol fac pe aro tf icure ls at r; ba en aud tii et ss\norenjoyments,suchasthosewithwhichother religions have been wont to\nadorn themansions of theblest Therethr 1 y thelanguageused\ntodescribetheirconditionisthesamewith v. . » ! themostexalted\nfelicity.’ .\n2 Kasyapa: theseerof thehymnaddresseshimself.\n3 Seven regions theregionsof thesky,thefourquarterswithintermediate\npoints. They aresometimessaid to be five, six, or seven in number, but\nmore frequently eight. Aditya Deities: Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman, Bhaga,\nDaksha,Ansa, and perhaps Dh&tar, Other enumerations also aregiven, and\ntheirnumberissometimes saidtobe eight. SeeM.Miiller, VedicHymns,I,\np. 252f (SacredBooksof theEast, XXXII)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1025,
            "content": ": :\nBOOK THE TENTH.\nHYMN\nAgm.\nI.\nHigh* hath the Mighty risen before the dawning, and come to\nus with light from out the darkness.\nFair-shapen Agni with white-shining splendour hath tilledat\nbirth all human habitations.\n2 Thou, being born, art Child of Earth aud Heaven, parted\namong the plants in beauty, Agni 1\nThe glooms of night thou, Brilliant Babe, subduest, and art\ncolao forth, loud roaring, from thy Mothers.\n3 Here, beb&g manifested, lofty Vishnu, full wise, protects his\nown suprebf^st station.\nWhen they have-offered in his mouth their sweet milk, to\nhim with one accord,they sing forth praises.\n4 Thence bearing food the Mothers come to meet thee, with\nfood for thee who givest fotdjts increase.\nThese in theiraltered form agaim^thou meetest. Thou art\n* Invoking Priest in homes of mortals^.\n5 Priestof the holy rite, with car that glitters, refulgent Ban-\nner of each act of worship,\nSharing in every God through might aud glory, even Agni\nGuest of men I summon hither.\n6 So Agni stands on earth's most central station, invested in\nwell-decorated garments.\nBorn, red of hue, where men pour out libations, 0 King, as\ngreat High Priest bring the Gods hither.\n7 Over the earth and over heaven, 0 Agni, thou. Son, hast ever\nspread above thy Parents.\nCome, Youthfullest to those who long to meet thee, and\nhither bring the G1 ods, O Mighty Victor.\n1 TheMighty: Agni.\n2 Amongtheplants: accordingtoS&yana, in thefire-sticks.\n3 Vishnu; intheform of Agniwho ishis manifestation on earth. They:\nworshippers,\n4 TheMothers theplants whichnourish life. In their altered form, as\ndry wood whichAgni, asfire,consumes.\n5 Sharingin: becauseAgniasthebearer of men’s oblations supports all\nother Gods."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1026,
            "content": ": : : : : :\n384 THE HYMNS OF [BOOKX\nHYMN\nII. Agni.\nGladden the yearning Gods, 0 thou Most Youthful bring\n;\nthem, 0 Lord of Seasons, knowing seasons,\nWith all the Priests Celestial, 0 Agm. Best worshipper art\nthou of all Invokers.\n2 Thine is the Herald’s, thine the Cleanser’s office, thinker art\nthou, wealth-giver, true to Order.\nLet us with Svaha offer up oblations, and Agni, worthy God,\npay the Gods worship.\n3 To the Gods’ pathway have we travelled, ready to execute\nwhat work we may accomplish.\nLet Agui, Lo'I* he knows, complete the worship. He is the\nPriest ; let him fix rites and seasons.\n4 When we most ignorant neglect the statutes of you, 0Deities\nwith whom is knowledge,\nWise Agui shall correct our faults and failings, skilled .to\nassign each God his fitting season.\nh When, weak in mind, offeeble understanding, mortals bethink\nthem not ofsacrificing,\nThen shall theprudent and discerningAgni worship the Gods,\nbest worshipper, in season.\n6 Because the Father hath produced thee, Leader of all our\nsolemn rites, their brilliant Banner :\nSo win by worship pleasant homes abounding in heroes, and\nrich food to nourish all men.\n7 Thou whom the Heaven and Earth, thou whom the Waters,\nand Tvashtar, maker of fair things, created,\nWell knowing, all along the Fathers’ pathway, shine with\nresplendent light, enkindled, Agni.\nHYMN\nIII. Agni.\n*\n0 King, the potent and terrific envoy, kindled for strength, is\nmanifest in beauty.\nHe shines, all-knowing, with his lofty splendour : chasing\nblack Night he comes with white-rayed Morning.\n1 Seasons: thepropertimesof worship. Priests Celestial Agui heingthe\nHotar, the Asvins the Adbvaryus, Tvashtar the Agnidh, and Mitra the\nUpavakfcar. Asval&yana, ascitedbyS&yana,' gives a different enumeration.\nSee Wilson, note.\nPur 3% ifiT Teh hr, ee t GH h oe e dr saa ’sl s pd i asi tts a ht n wh t ae o yff tf ho ‘et ta B hr ero ar ph ai m tn a hv no . tk hi aSn tvg i lehp ar d di ses a tt n o: e tt hxh ece l gaC oml dae sta in ’—os ne —Wr = ii lAB svt oeh ne\n.!\noP rot Ha ar ilor\nt\n6\n7\nTT hh eef Fa at th he er rs: ’P pr aa tj h& wp aat yi ; to hr et wh ae yiu ts ht aif tcu lt eo ar dsof toth te hesacr hi ofi mc ee. ofS& ty ha en Ma.\nanesor\nAncestral Spirits,\n1 0King Ludwig takes rdjanhereasthenominativecase. Withwhite-\nrayed Morning I follow Ludwig in taking rusattm as instrumental for\nrmatydm."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1027,
            "content": ": : :\nHYkN THE RIGVEDA. 385\n4.]\n2 Having o’ercome the glimmering Black with beauty, and\nbringing forth the Dame, the Great Sire’s Daughter,\nHoldingaloft the radiant lightof Surya, as messenger of heav *\nen he shines with treasures. . -\n3 Attendant on the BlessedJ^nre'the Blessed hath come the\n:\nLover followeth his-iSdster.\nAgni, far-sprea<Ji»gfwith conspicuous lustre, hath compassed\nNight w^A'whitely-shininggarments.\n4 His goi^gs-forth kindle as ’twere high voices,thegoingsofthe\n^spieious Friend of Agni,\nrhe rays, the bright beams of the strong-jawed, mighty,\nadorable Steer are visible as he cometh. •\n5 Whose radiant splendours flow, like sounds, about us, his who\nW.hi os l ro eft ay c, heb sri hll ei aa vnt e, na wn id thef bf eu sl tge ant n,\nd brightest lustres, sportive\nand piercing even to the summit.\n6 His powers whose chariot fellies gleam andglitterhave loudly\nroared while, as with teams, he hasted.\nHe, the most Godlike, far-extending envoy, shineswith flames\nancient, resonant, whitely-shining.\n7 So bring us ample wealth ; seat thee <*>& envoy of the two\nyouthful Matrons, Earthand proven.\nLet Agni rapid with liis# rapid norses, impetuous with impe-\ntuous Steeds, come hif-,jer«\nHYMN\nIV. Agni.\nTo thee will T praise and bring oblation, as thou hast\nmerited-^uds when we invoked thee.\nA mfo ai’ n-AC wa hin oh fi ait nhe wod ues le drt woa rr st ht ih po .u, Agni, 0 Ancient King to\ns Thou unto whom resort the gathered people, as the kine seek\nthe warm stall, 0 Most Youthful,\nThou art the messenger of Gods and mortals, and gqest glori-\nous with thy light between them.\n3 Making thee grow as ’twere some noble infhnt, thy Mother\nnurtures thee with sweet affectiop, '\nOver the desert slopes thou pas^est longing, and seekesfc, like\nsome beast set free, thy fodder.\nDau 32 gh TG t hl e ei rm lm oe vr eU ri sn ;hg a AsB gl noa r ic Dk wa: hw onda , ar pd pk ean aui rgg shh tt t, e or gf ea o ti fn ht eDl ryy n wul . iu - tY h. •n D.l aw\\ ny .vfciira. The GreatSire’s\nAg4 mT dh oe nf oir tst (dl ei tn ee r)is ha il sm ao ds ot reu rn si .n ’t— ell \"i Wg ii lb sl oe n. .‘Theblazingflames ofthatmi •ght *y\nI Toman or, to Pftru.\n3 Thy Mother Earth,\n25"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1028,
            "content": ": :: : : :: ::\n386 THE HYMNS OF [BOOH X\n4 Foolish are we, 0Viseandfree from error verily,Agni, thou\ndost know thy grandeur. ;\nThere lies the form : he moves, and licks, and swallows, and,\nas House-Lord, kisses the Youthful Maiden.\n5 He rises ever fresh in ancient fuel : smoke-bannered, gray, he\nmakes the wood his dwelling.\nHo swimmer. Steer, he presses through thewaters, and to his\nplace accordant mortals bear him.\n6 Like thieves who risk their lives and haunt th<& forest the\ntwain with their ten girdles have secured him.\nThis is a new hymn meant for thee, 0 Agni yoke as it*vere\nthy car with parts thatglitter. :\n7 Homage and prayer are thine, 0 Jatavedas, and this my song\nshall evermore*exalt thee.\nAgni, protect our children and descendants, and guard with\never-watchful care our bodies.\nHYMN\nY. Agni.\nHe only is the Sea, holder of treasures : born many a time\n. he vTew^the hearts within us.\nHe hides hutK^the secret couple's bosom. The Bird dwells\ninthe middle^^he fountain.^\n2 Inhabitingone dwellmg^daceincommon, strongStallions and*\nthe Mares have come to|i*bet\\\nThe sages guard the seat of Hoi><wier, and keep the highest\nnames concealed within them.\n3 TheHoly Pair, ofwondrouspower, have . theyformed\nthe Infant, they who bred produced him,\nThe central point of all that moves and moves nbt^he while* *'\nthey wove the Sage's thread with insight.\n4 Theform the Ahavaniya fire. The Youthful Maiden according to\\\nS&,yana eitherthemixedoblation, ortheyoungearthascompared with her\nf\nwitheredplants.\n6 Thetwain thetwoarms, withtheirgrasping fingerswhichproducefire\nbyagitationof thefire-stick.\n1 He AgniastheSun. Thesecretcouple’sbosom the meaningisuncer-\ntain. Thefire-sticksinwhichAgniislatent may be intende—d. £He waits\nonthecloudin theneighbourhoodof thehidden (firmament).’ Wilson. The\nBird: theSun. Thefountain thesourceof lightinthe east.\n2 StrongStallions: perhapsthefiames of theSun. Mares waters of the\nfirmament. Thehighestnames ; of Agni,suchasJAfcavedas and Vaisv&nara.\nConcealedwithin them: in theirsecret hearts, forworship,\n3 TheHolyPair Heavenand Earth. TheInfant Agni. Thewhilethey\nwove: viyantahin thetextisunintelligible, and I follow Wallis in reading\nvayantiin itsstead. TheSage'sthread: theseriesof sacrificestowhichAgni\nis entitled."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1029,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 6.] THE RIGVEDA. 3S7\n4 For tracks ofOrder and refreshing viands attend from ancient\ntimes the goodly Infant.\nWearing him as a mantle, Earth and Heaven grow strong by\nfood of pleasant drink and fatness.\n5 He, calling loudly to the Seven red Sisters, hath, skilled in\nsweet dr/nk, brought them to be looked on.\nHe. horn of old, in middle air hath halted, and sought and\nfound the covering robe of Pushan.\n6 Seven are the pathways which the wise have fashioned to\none ofthese may come the troubled mortal. ;\nHe staudeth in the dwelling of the Highest, a Pillar, on sure\nground where paths are parted. *\n7 Not Being, Being in the highest heaven, in Aditi's bosom and\nin Daksha’s birthplace,\nIs Agni, our first-born of Holy Order, the Milch-cow and the\nBull in life's beginning.\nHYMN\nVI. Agni.\nThis is that Agni, he by whose protection, favour, and help\nthe singer is successful;\nWho with the noblest flames of glowing fuel comes forth en-\ncompassed with far-spi^ading lustre.\n5 TheSeven redSisters the seven tonguesorflames of Agni, called Mlt\nkardli, etc.—Sftyana. And found the covering robe of Pushan and hatht\nreappearedintheformof Pdshan orthe Sun.\nl\ntm\ni\nho-\ng\ner6 ht\nt\nh.aP ola : mt\nW\neh atw lh oa le fiy m ss t: a\nht\nen rl\na\nhno w isn gh lg hao\net\nsl eii tssn ,e l ts ao\nh\ntn eo gf\ns\nti\ne\nhnl\nc\negi og f nh do dt ir. vld eia rnT y geh ebe ndr\ni\nce\nf\nea fW k ei ors m fee na t; ty\nl hy\net ah :p—e wp arF\n‘\nyoa\nT\nsat\nh\n,ch ee hr sss tt u. ah\np\nne\np do\neT rp th ta he t oh\nf\not w nr lao iu y\nf\nsb\ne\nul rmoe efd\ng mr ao nund c. o’ mesHe fo: ra lp ip gha tre on rtl fy orA gg ivn ei nea ss s.the PiS lu ln a, r:to sw uph po om rtt ahe ndtr so tu ab yle od fo tr hesi un nf iu -l\nverse, liketheSkambha of Atharva-veda, X. 7. Where paths are parted:\nwhere'ends thedarkroad which the Sun travels by night, and the bright\npathof hisdailycoursebegins.\nune7 voN lvo et dB ae ni dng e,voB le vi en dg /, idn eo nn t- ie fx yi is nt gen At g, niex wi ist te hnt t. he( fa is rsa tch cc ah ua seasa nc dhc fh ira s,\nt\ne‘ fb feo ct th\nwithareference tosuch textsas Asad evamidamagradsit ‘the non existent\nexistent (or unevolved) was verily before this (creation).’—Wilson, from\nPs ra ay ga &n pa atiA wd hi oti a= s6 avv ya etfU uQ n, deD va ek ls oh pea d^l ev mi bp ry yu oa.\nis\natHe tr he eA sg an mi eis tr ie mp er bes oe tn hte md ala es\na fan cd tx Ae gma mle is.— idL eu nd tw ifi ig e.\nd\nwiO tr hD aa lk ls th ha ingm sa .y b Te het sh ee S lau tn teran hd ymAd ni sti toth Ae gnE iar at rh e. v‘ eI rn\ny\nobscure : thenotions aremystical; many of theterms areunusual, or are\nu Wn iu ls su oa n.lly applied ; andthe constructionis singularly elliptical and loose\nThT ein Ca osmH oy lom gn yoh fas thebe Re in gvw eh do a,ll py p.tr 4an 8sl —a 5t 0e .d, withcommeuts, by W ,all 'is See"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1030,
            "content": "—\n: : :\n388 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n2 Agni, the Holy Oik*^the everlasting, who shines far beaming\nwith celestial splencioctr^• e\nHewho hath come unto hi^ fi^epds with friendship, like a\nfleet steed whonever trips or stui^jes.\n3 He mew nho atis brL ea ar kd ofof moa rll nid ni gv ,ine oblation, strewed by all livin^g\nAgni to whom our offerings are devoted, in whbnvres^ts he\nwhose car, through might, isscatheless. ‘ __\n4 Increasing by his strength, while lauds content him, with\neasyflight unto the Gods he travels.\nAgni thecheerfulPriest, best Sacrificer, balms with histongue\nthe Godb with whom he mingles.\n5 With songs and adorations bring ye hither Agni who stirs\nhimselfat dawn like Indra,\nWhom sageslaud withhymns as Jltavedas ofthose whowield\nthesacrificial ladle.\n6 Inwhom all goodlytreasures meettogether, even as steeds\n1\nand riders for the booty.\nInclining hither bring us help, 0 Agni, even assistance most\ndesired by Indra.\n7 Yea, at thy birth, when thou badst sat in glory, thou, Agni,\nwast the aim ofinvocations. ?\nThe Gods came near, obedient to thy summons, and thus at-\ntained theirrank as chiefProtectors.\nHYMN\nVII. Agni.\n0 Agni, shared by all men living bring us good luck for\nsacrifice from earth and heaven.\nWith us be thine intelligence, Wonder-Worker ! Protect us,\nGod, with thy far-reaching blessings, o\n2 These hymns brought forth for thee, 0 Agni, laud thee for‘\nbounteous gifts, with cattle aiidwith horses.\n3 The exactmeaning ofthesecondlineisuncertain: (andiiTwliom (the\nsacrifi—cer),whose sacrificeisundisturbed byhisfoes,\"Hhro\\wshis choiceobla-\ntion.’ Wilson. '\n5 Atdawn : withGrassmannItakeusrttnihere to bea locative. S&yana\nexplainsitasb—hogdndmutsrdvinam,thebestowerofenjoyments. X^ordingto\nT ,l\n*\n*. * .1 dst ua gti yo en, hit th he et rra tn hs ela Lt oi ro dno of ft mh oe rnf iir ns gt 'l sin ke inw e,ou tl hd eb qe ui: v‘ eW rr iE nghr AB go nn ig .s\n*\n6 Riders : sdgitvantah thewordproperlymeans4possessedof horses/ and\nisapplicable todriversas wellasriders. Forthe booty towin the spoil, or\ntoguarditfromothers.\n1 Thine intelligence the meaningofpraJcetaih hereis notclear. Wilson\ntranslatesit by ‘indications(offavour)’\n;\nLudwigby ‘wishes’\n;\nand Grass\nUiannby ‘light/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1031,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN THE R1GVEHA. 389\n8.]\nGood Lord, when man from thee hath gained enjoyment, by\nhymns, 0 nobly-born, hath he obtained it.\n3 Agni I deem my Kinsman and my Father, count him my\nBrother and my Friend for ever.\nI honour as the faoe of lofty Agni in heaven the bright and\nholy light of Surya.\nd Effectual, Agni, areourprayersforprofit. Hewhom,athome,\nthou, Priest for ever, guardest\nIs rich in food, di^awn by red steeds, and holy by day and\n:\nnight to him shall all be pleasant.\n5 Menwiththeirarmshave generatedAgni, helpful\"kssomekind\nfriend, adorned with splendours,\nAnd stablished as Invoker mid the people the ancient Priest,\nthe sacrifice’s lover.\n6 Worship, thyself, 0 God, the Gods in heaven what, void of\n:\nknowledge, shall the fool avail thee?\nAs thou, 0 God, hast worshipped Gods by seasons, so, nobly-\nborn ! to thine own self pay worship.\n7 Agni, be thou our Guardian and Protector bestow upon us\n;\nlife and vitalvigour. *\nAccept, 0 Mighty One, the gifts we offer, and with unceasing\ncare protect our bodies.\nHYMN\nyiti. Agni.\nAgni advances with his loftylmnner : the Bull isbellowingto\nthe earth and heaven^\nHe hath attained^th^sky’s supremest limits\n:\nthe Steer hath\nwaxen in the lpp waters.\n2 The Bull, the.youngling with the hump, hath frolicked, the\nstrong and never-ceasing Calf hath bellowed.\nBringing our offerings to the Gods’ assembly, he moves as\nChief in his own dwelling-places.\n3 Thesecondline—isremarkableas adirect declarationof the relationship\nof Agniand Sfirya. Ludwig.\n7 BethouourGuardianandProtector; avitd,says S&yana, is a protector\nfromobvious dangersandgopdapreserverfromperilsthat areunseen.\n1 Advances: through the firmament. His lofty banner ; the lightning.\nWaters; of thefirmament,\n2 Never-ceasingYasremft accordingto S&yana, fundecaying/ fGlorious/\nWilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1032,
            "content": "—\n: : ::: :: : :\n390 THE HYMNS OF [BOOH X\n3 Him who hath grasped his Parents’ head, they stablished at\nsacrifice as a wave of heavenly lustre.\nIn his swift flight the red Dawns borneby horsesrefreshtheir\nbodies in the home of Order.\n4 For, Vasu, thou precedest every Morning, and still hast been\nthe Twins’ illuminator.\nFor sacrifice, seven places thou retainest while for thine own\nself thou engenderest Mitra.\n5 Thou art the Eye and Guard of mighty Order, and Yaruna\nwhen to sacrifice thou comest.\nThou art the Waters’ Child, 0 Jdtavedas, envoy of him whose\noffering thou acceptest.\n6 Thouart the Leaderofthe riteandregion, towhich with thine\nauspicious teams thou tendest.\n6\nThylight-bestowing head to heaven thou liftest, making thy\ntongue the oblation-bearer, Agni.\n7 Through his wise insight Trita in the cavern, seeking as ever\nthe Chief Sire’s intention,\nCarefully tended in his Parents’ bosom, calling the weapons\nkin, goes forth to combat.\n8 Well-skilled to use the weapons,of his Father, Aptya, urged\nonby Indra, fought the battle.\nThen Trita slewthe foe seven-rayed, three-headed, and freed\nthe cattle of the Son of Tvashtar.\n3 HisParents'head theheadorforeheadofHeavenandEarth,orofthetwo\nfire-sticks. TheredHawns ortheflames, accordingtoS&yana. Thereisno\nsubstantiveinthetext. Thehomeof OrcUv\n.*\nprobablytheSun,if theDawns\narespokenof ancltheplaceof law-ordainedsacrifice according to S&yana’s\n;\nexplanation.\n4 TheTwins'illuminator lighter-upof day andflight, thatis, of the end\nof night, orveryearlymorning. But see Hillebrandt, Yaruna und Mitra ,\np. 116. Sevenplaces: sevenaltarsforthesacrificialfire. Mitra; theSun.\nVanma: KingandGovernor.\n6 Andregion thouknowest,andcanstshowthewaythrough,thefirmament.\n7 Inthecavern: inthe secret depth of the firmament. Seeking Me\nChiefSire'sintention wishingtocarryoutthedesign of Indraorp —erhapsof\nDyaus or Dyu. His Parents: ‘the parental heaven and earth.’ Wilson.\nCallingtheweaponshin calling the weapons,i. c. the bolts which are pro-\nduced from the sky, akin, simply means claiming them asbelongingto his\nfatherDyu astheyareinthenextBtauzaspokenof aspaternal (pitryani).\nMac 8do On fel hl i, sJ F. aR t. heA r.S b. ef lJ ou nl gy i, n1 g89 t3 o, tp h. e42 C8 h. iefSi(re of stanza7. Thef^oe the\nspecialenemyof Trita is Trisiras the son of Tvashtar, called Yisvar&pa or\nthe Multiform. The cattleofthe Sonof Tvashtar the cows imprisonedby\nhim, theshowersobstructedbythe fiend.\nForthelegendsfoundedonthelastthreestanzasof this hymn, see Muir,\n0.S , Texts } Y. pp, 229—233. See also Bergaigne, LaReligion Vddigue, IJ.\n329, 330."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1033,
            "content": ";\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA, 391\n10.]\n9 Lord of the brave, Indra oleft him in pieces who sought to\ngain much strength and deemed him mighty.\nHe smote his three heads from his body, seizing the cattle of\nthe omniform Son of Tvashtar.\nHYMN\nIX. Waters.\nYe, Waters, are beneficent so help ye us to energy\n:\nThat we may look on great delight.\n2 Give us a portion of thesap, themostauspicious thatye have,\nLike mothers in their longing love.\n3 To you we gladly come forhim to whoseabodeye send uson\n;\nAnd, Waters, give us procreant strength. * ^\n4 The Waters betousfordrink, Goddessesfor ouraidand bliss\nLet them stream to us health and strength.\nI beg the Floods to give us balm, these Queens who rule o’er\nprecious things,\nAnd have supreme control of men.,\n— —\n6 Withinthe Waters Somathushathtoldme dwell all balms\nthat heal,\nAnd Agui, he who blesseth all.\n7 0 Waters,teemwithmedicinetokeepmybodysafefromharm,\nSo that I long w*J see the Sun.\n8 Whatever sm iS found in me, whatever evil I have wrought,\nIf I havened or falsely sworn, Waters,removeitfarfromme.\n9 The waters I this day have sought, and to their moisture\nAave we come:\n<JAgni,riehinmilk,comethou,andwith thysplendourcoverme.\nHYMN X. '* Yama. Yam!.\nFain would I w*n my friend to kindly friendship. So may the\nSage, come through the air’s wide ocean,\nBemembering the earth and days to follow, obtain a son, the\nissue of his father.\n1 Greatdelight* according to the scholiast, meaningperfectknowledgeof\nBrahma. SeeWilson’snote.\n3 Themeaningof thestanzaisobscure. Itappears to have been recited\nby thepriestattheconsecrationof anew house.\nThefirstthree stanzasareto be repeated by Br&bmans at their morning\nablutions. See Colebrooke’s Essays, EssayI. Onthe Religious Ceremonies of\nthe 6Hin Std au ns z. asS 6e—e 9al as ro eL ra en pm ea an te, dS fa rn osk mri Bt ooR kea Id .e 2r 3, .p. 203—7G.\n23.\nYamaandYami, sonaud daughterof Yivasvdn, aretheRishis aswell as\nthedeitiesof the hymn whichis a dialogue between them.\nYamaandYami are, saysvon Roth, ‘as theirnamesdenote, twin brother\nfljjd sister,andare thefirsthumanpair, the originators oftherace. Asthe"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1034,
            "content": ", : : :\n392 THE HYMNS OF [BOON X\n2 Thy friend loves not the friendship which considers herwho is\nnear in kindred as a stranger.\nSons of the mighty Asura, the Heroes, supporters of the\nheavens, see far around them.\n3 Yea, this the Immortals seek of thee with longing, progeny of\nthe sole existing mortal.\nThenlet thy soul and mine he knit together, and as a loving\nhusband take thy consort.\n4 Shall we do now what we ne’er did aforetime? we who spake\nrighteously now talk impurely?\nGandharva in the floods, the Dame of Waters—such is our\nbond, stfch our mostlofty kinship.\n5 Ev Ce rn eai tn ort ,he madw eom ub s cG oo nd sorT tv s.ashtar, Yivifier, shaping all forms, . /\nNone violateshisholy ordinances\n:\nthatwearehisthe heavens\nandearth acknowledge.\nG Who knows that earliest day whereof thou speakest? Who\nhath beheld it? Who can here declare it?\nHebrew conception closely connectedtheparentsof mankind bymakingthe\nwoman formed from- aportionof thebody “b^the man, so bytheIndian\nbt sr aya yd ti :ht e *i Eo hn vy emt nnh ie ny in ta hqr eue e wsp t ol ia moc n bed i tni hn etht Ceh re em ar toe oul rtat h mi ao o dn fs eh Yi uap smo ! ff orhe hre ut so b^ aw vT ^hh e ai ns ndt s wh h io feu eg .ish 5t m 5Pai rs d oe fl ea t si -od\nsso er coM nu dll se er r, ieso ,n p.th 5e 10o )t :he ‘r Thh ea rnd e, iss aay cs ur( iL oe uc stu dr ie as loo gn uet bhe etwS ec eh n*^ Ke r0f (Y£, aa mn ig )Ua ac nre d>\nherbrother, whereshe(thenight)imploresherbrother(thedayJXmakeher\nhiswife, and wherehe declinesheroffer, ‘because/ ashe says, ‘tw\ncalleditasinthatabrothershould marry hissister/' Again, p. 521, *Ss^ere\nisnot asinglewordintheYedapointingto Yumaand Yamiasthefirstcoiipu\nof mortals, the Indian Adamand Eve If YamahadbeenthefirstcreateaX\nofmen,surely the Vedicpoets, inspeakingofhim,co^ldnothavepassed this\nover in silence.’ See, however,thepassage fromthe Atharva-veda, XVIII.\n3, 13, tobequotedfurtheron. [Reverenceyewithan oblation Yama, theson\nof Vxvasvat, theassemblerofmen,whowasthefirst ofmen that died, and\n•t 2h S8e .firs Yt at mh aat asde tp ha er ft ie rd stmto anth mi as y( pce el re hst ai pa sl) bew ,or al sd] P. r’ of.M Mu air x, 0 M, ulS l, erTex ht os l, dsV ,. ‘p a.\nlaterphaseofreligious'thought/\n1 Yamispeaks TheSage: vedhdh: Yama, whomshe wishes to givehera\nson. Come: Sftyanaexplainsthemasculineparticiplejuganvflnby the femi-\nwn ii ln le rg ea mt aav ia ntt w, it th ha ot utis, huI, maYa nmi in. haw bh ito anh ta sv .e come. Theearth: which, otherwise,\n2 Yamareplies. Astranger ofadifferentfamily, andsoalawfulwife. Sons\nofthemightyAsura: the spiesorsentinelsspokenofinstanza8.\n3 Yamispeaks.\n4 Yamareplies. Gandharva: Yivasv&n orthe Sun. In the floods in the\n—waters ofthefirmament. TheDame of Waters: Saranyu. ‘Hisaqueouswife/\nneuM eu si tr e. nAS ru bec ih ici nn ,uo ,ur s,b wond\np.\n1t 0h 7e .seareourparents. ButseeLudwig, Ueberdie\n5 Yamispeaks."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1035,
            "content": ":\nHe\nJEttMN io]. ' RtGVEJbA. 393\nGreat is the Law of Varuna andMitra. What,wanton wilt\nthou say to men to tempt them ? !\n7 I,Yami, ampossessedby love of Tama, that I may rest on the\nsame couch beside him.\nI as a wife would yield me to myhusband. Like car-wheels\nlet us speed to meet each other.\n8 They stand not still, they never ctase their eyelids, those\nsentinels of Gods who wander round us.\n—\nNot me go quickly, wanton, with another, and hasten like a\nchariot wheel to meethim.\n9 May Surya’s eye with days and nights endow-him, and ever\nmay his light spread out before him.\nIn heaven and earth the kindred Paircommingle. On Yamt\nbe the unbrotherly act of Yama.\n10 Sure there will come succeeding times when brothers and\nsisters will do act —s unmeet for kinsfolk.\nNot me, 0 fair one, seek another husband, and make thine\narm a pillow for thy consort.\n11 Is he a brother when no lord is lefther % Is she a sister when\nDestruction comethj\nForced bymy love these many words I utter. Come near,\nand hold me in thy close embraces.\n12 1 will not fold mine arms about thy body : they call it sin\nwhen one comes near his sister.\n—\nNot me, prepare thy pleasures with another thy brother\n:\nseeks not this from thee, 0 fair one.\n6 Yamareplies. Totemptthem themeaning of vtch—yd is uncertain. The\nS. P. Lexicon explains it by 'deceitfully.*—‘Falsely.’ Grassmann. *What\nsayestthou, whopunishesfcmenwithhell?* Wilson.\nent7 eS xa plm ae nac to iu oc nh o: fs se ae mdB ne dnf ye 6y n, auV .edicaund Verwandtes , pp.39—42, fora,difler-\n8 Yama replies. Sentinels of Gods: recording angels who watch men’s\nactions.\n9 Yamtspeaks. Themeaningseemsto he : if there be anyguilt letme\ntakeituponmyself, andlet notYama’slifebeshortened byway of punish-\nment. ThehindredPair Day and Night.\n10 Yamareplies. ‘Mak: ethinearm apillow.*— Wilson.\nrac1 e1\n.\nY 1a Tm ht es mp eea ak ns i. ngD ie s,st aru tc rt ui eon br: oN ti hr er rit wi il; lt nh oe tu lt et ter hie s—xt si in sc tt ei ro ln aco kft ah he uh sbu am na dn\n,\nandatruesisterwillnotletherbrotherlacka wife/ Wilson’s Translation,\nEditor’snote.\n12 Yamareplies."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1036,
            "content": ": ::: :\n394 fBE HYMNS 07 [BOOK X\n13 Alas thou artindeed aweakling, Yama we find in thee no\nI ;\ntrace ofheart or spirit.\nAs roundthe tree the woodbine clings, another will cling\naboutthee girt as witha girdle.\n14 Embrace another, Yami; letanother, even as the woodbine\nrings the tree, enfoldthee.\nWinthou his heart let him win thy fancy, and he shall\nform with thee a b]estalliance.\nHYMN XL\nAgni.\nThe Bull hath yieldadfor the Bull the milk of heaven : the\nSon ofAditi cannever be deceived.\nAccording tcAiis wisdom Varuna knoweth all ; may he, the\nHoly, hallowtimesforsacrifice.\n2 Gandharvi spake may she, the Lady of the flood, amid the\n:\nriver’s roaring leavemyheart untouched.\nMay Aditi accomplish all that we desire, and may our eldest\nBrother tell us this as Chief.\n3 Yea, even this blessed Morning, rich instoreoffood, splendid,\nwith heavenly lustre, hath shone out for man,\nSince they, as was thewish of yearning Gods, brought forth\nthatyearning Agniforthe assembly as the Priest.\n13 Yamispeaks.\nS&yana’sinterpretationofthis difficulthymndiffersin many places from\nthatwhichIhaveadopted,andWilson’sTranslationshould beconsulted for\ntheviewsofthegreatIndian CommentatorandthePanditsofhis time. The\nhymnhasbee—n transliterated,translated,andannotated by Dr. Muir, 0. S,\nTexts, Y. 288 291. Ithasalso been translatedbythe authors of the Sie-\nlertzigLieder,and fullydiscussedby Dr.J. Ehniin Her Vedische My thusdes\nYama. SeealsoHillebrandt, Vedische Mythologie , I. p. 495.\n+\nThe subject of the hymn is the origin and institution of sacrifice, first\nestablishedbyAgniundertheauthorityof Yaruna, whomustberegardedas\nthedeityof thefirststanza,\n1 The Bull the mighty Soma. For the Bull: for mighty Yaruna. The\nmilkofheaven thedivine Soma juice, to be used at sacrifice. TheSo?iof\nA td oi gt ei therYa ar su an na. advJ erc bc io ar ldi pn hg rat so e.his Aw ci cs od ro dm i: ngya tt oh Sd dd yh ai ny ao ,t itt ih se At gw no iwo wr hd ost ma ik le kn\ns\nthe streamsof prosperity fromheaven forthe worshipper. Ihavegenerally\nfollowed Pischel’sinterpretationof thefirstfivestanzas (VedischeStudien, I,\npp.188, 189).\n2 Gandharvi saidtobetbedaughterof Surabhi(oneof the daughtersof\nDaksha),andthemother of therace of horses. Hereshe appears tobe an\nApsaras or water-nymph, haunting the banks ofrivers and practising the\nseductivearts of asiren. The meaningseems tobe,letno disturbinginflu-\nenceunsettlemydevoutthoughts. OareldestBrother: Yaruna, regardedas\nthe founder of society united bycommonreligious observances.\nZ Thepoetregards thecomingof thedawnas aproof that the sacrificeis\nsuccessful* Sincethey; thepriests"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1037,
            "content": ":: ; : : :\nHYMN 12.] \" T&E rigYeda, 395\n4 And the fleet Falcon brought for saeidfice from afar this flow-\ning Drop most excellent and keen of sight,\nThen when the Aryan tribes chose as Invoking Priest Agni\nthe Wonder-Worker, and the hymn rose up.\n5 Still art thou kind to him who feeds thee as with grass, and,\nskilled in sacrifice, offers thee holy gifts.\nWhen thou, having received the sage’s strengthening food\nwith lauds, after long toil, comest with many more.\n6 Urge thou thy Parents, as a lover, to delight the Lovely\n:\nOne desires and craves it from his heart.\nThe priest calls out, the sacrificer shows his skill, the Asura\ntries his strength, and with the hymn is stirred.\n7 Far-famedis he, themortalman, 0Agni, thouSonofStrength,\nwho hath obtained thy favour.\nHe, gathering power, borne onward by his horses, makes his\ndays lovely in his might and splendour.\n8 When, Holy Agni, the divine assembly, the sacred synod mid\nthe Gods, is gathered,\nAnd when thou, Godlike One, dealest forth treasures, vouch-\nsafe us, too, our portion of the riches.\n9 Hear us, O Agni, inyourcommondwelling harnessthyrapid\n:\ncar, the car of Amrit.\nBring Heaven and Earth, the Deities’ Parents, hither : stay\nwith us here, nor from the Gods be distant.\nHYMH\nXII. - Agni.\nHeaven and Earth, first by everlasting Order, speakers of\ntruth, are near enough to hear us,\nWhen the God, urging men to worship, sitteth as Priest, as-\nsuming all his vital vigour.\n4 ThisfioivingDrop : the Soma, broughtfromheavenbytheFalcon. See\nIV. 26 and 27.\n—\n5 Thou Agni. Aswithgrass: caspasture satisfies (theherds).’ Wilson.\nWithmany more bringing many other Godsto thesacrifice.\n6 dsa lover wooshismistress. Agniiscalledupontoentreathisparents,\nHeaven and Earth, to reproduce him perpetually. TheLovely One: Agni.\nS ta ocr ei nf dice wr it: hm ta hh ih sa dh iff; ics ue le tsV te ad ni zc a.Hymns , I.p. 47. Theoriginal hymn appears\n9 Rapid : dravitmun ; takenby S&yana with amrttasya and explained by\n‘distilling the drink—of Gods.’ Norfrom the Gods bedistant ‘let none of\nthegods beabsent.’ Wilson.\n1 First mostexalted aswellas mostancient. The God Agni. As Priest;\nas Hotar, invoker, orherald."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1038,
            "content": ": : : : :\n§9(5 $HPHYMNS OF [BOON X.\n2 As God comprising Gods byLaw Eternal, bear, as the Chief\nwho knoweth, our oblation,\nSmoke-bannered withthe fuel, radiant,joyous, bettertopraise\nand worship, Priest for ever.\n3 When the cow’s nectar wins the God completely, men here\nbelow are heaven’s and earth’s sustainers.\nAll the Gods came to this thy heavenly Yajus,which fromthe\nmotley Pairmilked oil and water.\n4 Ipraiseyourworkthatyemaymakemeprosper hear, Heaven\n:\nand Earth, Twain Worlds that drop with fatness.\nWhile days and nights go to the world of spirits, here let the\nParents wifch sweet meath refresh us.\n5 Hath the King seized ns 1 How have we offended against his\nholy ordinance? Who knoweth ?\nPor even Mitra mid the Gods is angry : there are both song\naud strength for those who come not.\n6 ’Tis hard to understand theImmortal’snature, where she who\nis akin becomes a stranger.\nGuard ceaselessly, great Agni, him whoponders Yama’s name,\neasy to be comprehended.\n7 They in the synod where the Gods rejoice them, where they\nare seatedin Vivasvan’s dwelling,\nHave giventhe Moon his beams, the Sun his splendour * the\nTwo unweariedlymaintain their brightness.\n2 Betterto praise: more skilledthanmeninpraisingtheGods.\n3 This stanzaisveryobscure. Themeaningseemsto bethat, by possess-\ningtheamrit, ambrosia,ornectarcontainedinthemilkof thesacrificialcow\nand in the Soma juice which wins and captivatesAgni, men are enabledto\nofferacceptablesacrificestothe Gods, and thus to support the heavens and\nearth. Heavenly Yajus divinesacrificialprayerorforrnuK Butclivydmby\nitspositionin the verse seems rathertobelongto ghritdm butter or sacri-\nficial oil. ThemotleyPair: ini many-coloured heavenand, earth.\n*Whenthe self-aggregated ambrosia of thedivine Agniisgenerated from\nhisradiance, thentheproducts fromit sustain both heaven and earth, all\nthe worshippers glorifythisthyoblation, thecelestialnutritious waterwhich\nthywhiteradiancemilks forth.*—Wilson. AccordingtoS&yana, theproducts\nfromitarethe plantsandtreeswhichspring fromtheamrit or rain which\nrewards the oblations of men, and the visve devtih of the text are sarve\nstatdrah, alltheworshippers. Somemeaningis apparent in thisparaphrase,\nbutitcannotbe extractedfromthewordsof thetext.\n£ The Ring: Yaruna. For evenMitra: we must have committed some\nsitn,forevenMitra,theFriend,thegracious God,iswrothwithus. Strength\nstrengthening sacrificialviands. For thosewhocome not for theGods who\nwillnotyetcometoreceiveourworshipandoblations.\n6 ThisstanzXaisapparentlyalateraddition. Thelatterhalfofthefirstline\nistaken from 10. 2,butitsapplicationhereisnotobvious—,\n7 In Vivasvdn’sdwelling ‘onthealtarof thesacrifices* Wilson. Heaven\northerealmof theSunisintended,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1039,
            "content": "HYMN 13.] THE RIGVEDA. 397\n8 The counsel which the Gods meet to consider, their secret\n—\nplan, of thatwe have noknowledge.\nThere let God Savitar, Aditi, and Mitra proclaim to Yaruria\nthat we are sinless.\n9 Hear us, 0 Agni, in yourcommondwelling harnessthyrapid\n;\ncar, the car of Amrit.\nBring Heaven and Earth, the Deities' Parents, hither : stay\nwith us here, nor from the Gods be distant.\nHYMN\nXIII. HavirdMnas.\nI yoke with prayer your ancient inspiration : may the laud\nrise as on the prince's pathway. ^\nAll Sons of Immortality shall hear it, all the\"possessors of ce-\nlestial natures.\n2 When speeding ye came nigh us like twin sisters, religious-\nhearted votaries brought you forward.\nTakeyour place, ye who know your proper station : be near,\nbe very near unto ourSoma.\n3 Fivepaces have I risen from Earth : I follow her who hath\nfour feet with devoutobservance.\nThis by the Sacred Syllable have I measured; I purifyin the\ncentral place of Order.\n4 He, for Gods' sake, chose death to he his portion. He chose\nnot, for men's good, a life eternal.\nThey sacrificed Brihaspati the Bishi. Yama delivered up his\nown dear body.\n‘Thedeitiesarethetwo Sakatas , small cartsorbarrows used at sacrifices\ntocarrythemater—ials, especiallythe*So»ia-plant, hence called Havirdhdnas,\noblation-bearers.’ Wilson.\n1 Theprincei—sthenoble who institutes* the sacrifice. *Likethepathof\ntheworshipper.’ Wilson.\n3 Thisstanzais most obscure. .Wilson, following S&yana, translates: ‘I\nom (b ta hsk eee r Svf oa» mnh ae ce )f si ov ; ne wis tt t ha ehge t ns ah ve eo lf sac ot r fh ee d ths esa yc lr sli aaf ci rb ic l fe e icea I .s ’c pe en r Td f he; ectI fitt vh ea ik s se ta( gf a eo d su or r aa rt es i ,t oe np a)s c* c; ob I ry dipp nui gro iu f ts y\no\nS&yana, thefiveelementsof the sacrifice,grain, Soma,thekine, thePurod&sa\ncake,andtheclarifiedbutter. Thefourstepsarethemetresmostcommonly used\nThewords as theystandinthetextdonotappeartobe susceptible of any\nsatisfactoryexplanation.\n4 He: Yama. SeeX. 14. 1. For Gods' sake: bis deathbeingthetype of\nt 9h 0.e 8sa—cr 1if 4ic fe os rw th hi ec rh ess uu lp tp so or ft ta hn ed sad ce rl ii fg ich et ot fhe PurG uo sd hs a.\n,\nwF io tr hm we hn o's mYgo ao md a; mS aee yX b.\ne\nidentified. They: the Gods. This PMa is unintelligible as it stands.\nInstead of brihaspdtim yajhdmakrinvato rishim, Prof. Ludwig would read\nVaivasvatam yajhatn atanuta rishih the Pishi performed the Vaivasvata,\nf\nfo or lf lu on we er dal E, hns ia ,cri Df ei rce V( eU de ib se er hed Mie ytn hme msi de en s, Yu a. m8 a. w p. p} .p I. dQ1—10) 1. 62,I buh tav te hema ei xn al cy\nt\nmeaningof the stanza isstilldoubtfultome. ,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1040,
            "content": ": ::: : : : : :: :\n398 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n5 The Seven flow to the Youth on whom the Maruts wait the\n:\nSons unto the Fatherbrought the sacrifice.\nBoth these are his, as his they are the Lords of both : both\ntoil belonging unto both they prosper well.\n;\nHYMN XIV. Yama,\nHonour the King withthineoblations, Yama, Vivasv&n’a Son,\nwho gathers men together,\nWho travelledto the lofty heights aboveus, who searches out\n* and shows the path to many.\n2 Yama first fouud for us a placetodwellin : thispasturenever\ncan be taken from us.\nMen born on earth tread their own paths that lead them\nwhither our ancient Fathers have departed.\n3 Matalt prospers there with Kavyas, Yama with Angiras’sons\nt>\nBrihaspati with Eikvans\nExaiters of the Gods, by Godsexalted, somejoy in praise and\nsome in our oblation.\n4 Come, seat thee on this bed of grass, 0 Yama, in company\nwith Angirases and Fathers.\nLet texts recited by the sages bring thee: 0 King, let this\noblationmake thee joyful.\n5 Come, Yama, with the Angirases the Holy, rejoice thee here\nwith children of Virfipa.\nTo siton sacredgrass atthisourworship, I nail VivasvHn,too,\nthy Father hither.\n5 TheSeven rivers. According to S&yana, metres. The Youth Indra.\nTheSons theMaruts. TheFather* Indra. Both these: havirdhdnas. Of\nboth: Godsandmen. Unto bo0: toGodsand men,ortpHeavenandEarth.\nThe hymn isafuneral address,partlytoYamatheGodof theDead and\npartlytothesoulofthedepartedwhosebodyisbeing consumed on thepile.\n1 Yama thedeified Lordof theDead : originallythefirstwho died and\nsoshowedthesoulsof hissuccessorstheway to the home of the departed.\nSeeX. 12. Loftyheights: of heaven,theabodeof theBlest.\n3 Mdtali a divinebeing,identifiedbytheCommentatorswithIndrawhose\ncharioteer was MS.tali. Kavyas a class of Manes, the spirits of a pious\nraceof ancienttime. Angiras’sons; theAngirases, the typical first sacri-\nficers. SeeYol. I.,Index. Bikvans orsingers,aclass of spirits or deities\nwhoattendandsingthe praises of Brihaspati. SeeVII. 10. 4. Somejoyin\npraise the Gods delight in SviUii,thesacrificial exclamation, worship or\npraise. Someinouroblation theManes delightin Svadbd, the sweet food\noroblati.on whichispresentedtothem.\n4 Angirases andFathers: or, perhaps, AngirasesourFathers.\n5 Childrenof Virtijpa Vairfipas, asub-division of theAngirases."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1041,
            "content": "—\n: : : : :\nHYMN TBE KIGVEDA. 309\n14,]\n6 OurFathers are Atigirases, Navagvas, Atharvans,Bhriguswho\ndeserve the Soma.\nMay these, the Holy, look on us with favour, may we enjoy\ntheir gracious loving-kindness.\n7 Go forth, go forth upon the ancient pathways whereon our\nsires of old have gone before us.\nThere shult thou look on both the Kingsenjoyingtheir sacred\nfood, God Varuna and Yarna.\n8 Meet Yama, meet the Fathers, meet the merit of free or or-\ndered acts, in highest heaven.\nLeave sin and evil, seek anew thy dwelling, and bright with\nglory wear another body. ^\n9 Go hence, depart ye, fly in all directions : this place for him\nthe Fathers have provided.\nvv Yama bestows on him a place to rest in adorned with days\nand beams oflight and waters.\n10 Run and outspeed thetwo dogs, Sarama’s offspring, brindled,\nfour-eyed, upon thy happy pathway.\nnigh then to the gracious-minded Fathers where they\nrejoice company with Yama.\n11 And those two doga thine, Yama, the watchers, four-eyed,\nwho look on men and gnatathe pathway,\nEntrust this man, 0 King, to their protection, and with pros-\nperity and health endow him.\n12 Dark-hned, insatiate, with distended nostrils, Yama’s two en-\nvoys roam among the people;\nMay they restore to us a fair existence here and to-day, that\nwe may see the sunlight.\n13 To Yama po-ur the Soma, bring to Yama consecrated gifts\nTo Yama sacrifice prepared and heralded by Agni goes.\n14 Offer to Yama holy gifts enriched withbutter, and drawnear\nSo may he grant that we may live long days of life among\nthe Gods.\noNwyagvas, Atharvans, Bhrigus priestlyfamilies of ancienttimes.\n7 This'feud thefallowingstnnza are addressed to the spirit of the dead\nmanwhose funeralritesarebeingcelebrated.\n8 Free orordered acts voluntary good works and prescribed sacrifices,\nwhose meritis storedup in heaventobe enjoyedon arrival by thespiritsof\nthepiouswho have performed them.\n9 AccordingtoSayana, thisstanzais addressed tothePis&chas andother\nevilspiritsthathauntthe placeofcremation.\n10 The spirit ofthe departed is addressed. The two dog& offspring of\nSaram&, thehound of ludra. SeeYol. X.,Index. '\n13 Thethreefollowingstanzasare addressedtotheinvests."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1042,
            "content": ", : ; :\n400 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n15 Offerto Yama, to the King, oblation very rich in meath :\nBow down before the Bishis of the ancient times, who made\nthispath in daysofold.\n16 Into the six Expanses flies the Great One in Trikadrukas.\nThe GUyatri, the Trishtup, all metres in Yama are contained.\nHYMN\n' XV. Fathers.\nMay they ascend, the lowest, highest, midmost, the Fathers\nwho deserve a share of Soma. 1\nMay they who have attained the life of spirits, gentle and\nrighteous, aid us when we call them.\n» Now let uer pay this homage to the Fathers, to those who\npassed ofold and those who followed,\nThose who have rested in the earthly region, and those who\ndwell among the Mighty Baces.\nI have attained the gracious-minded Fathers, I have gained\nson andprogeny from Vishnu.\nThey who enjoy pressed juices with oblation, seated on sacre^'\ngrass, come oftenest hither. ^\nFathers who sit on sacred grass, come, he ^lp^^^ 86 °^>0l’“\nSoi cng os meha tv oe uw se wim ta hd me of so tr 3y yo su p\\^a ^c tc^e^xr lt v^ o^ u3 r11\n;\nan^ oiyeus health\nand strength withtTUt^Ttrouble.\nMay they, the Fathers, worthy of the Soma, invited to their\nfavourite oblations\nLaid on the sacred grass, come nigh and listen : may they be\ngracious unto us and bless us.\n16 ThemeaningappearstobethattheGreatUnit, Yamaas All-God,broad-\nensand fillstheuniverseafterplentifullibations of Soma juicein the Three\nKadrukadays, orfirstthreedaysofthe Abhiplavafestival. SeeElmi, Yama,\npp. 154—157. Fordifferentexplanations, seeBergaigne,I. 178;II. 1*22, 127.\nThishymn, withtheexceptionofthe last s —tanza,hasbeentranslated, and\nannotated byMuir, 0.S. Texts, Y. pp. 291 295, bythe authors of the\nSUbenzigLieder andbyProf.Peterson,HymnsfromtheFigveda.\n1 Ascend:risetohigherrank;obtainthe’-r-./ r' , ..y. . < ,gratia.\nL ofow me es rt i, th aig ch qe us it r, em di od nmo es at rth.theFathersare o' i- . \\ . ,/ , . degrees\n2 Theearthlyregion;thefirmamentnearesttotheearth. SeeVIII.77.5.\nTheMightyFaces oftheGods.\n3 Sonandprogeny: napdtcm chavihrdmanamcha themeaningappears to\nbe, assuggestedby.Ludwig, thatthespeakerhas discharged hisobligation to\ntheFathers bybegettingason throughthefavourof Vishnu. Stillvikrchm-\nh Ata hm awis a-a vn cdun ai ,nt Xel Vli 1g 1i 1b .le 1.e 4x 5p ,re ns os ti eo .ninthisconnexion. See TheHymns of the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1043,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN 15.] THE XIGVEJDA . 401\n6 Bowing your bended knees and seated southward, accept this\nsacrifice of ours with favour.\nPunish us not for any sin, 0 Fathers, which we through\nhuman frailty have committed.\n7 Lapped in the bosom of the purple Mornings, give riches to\nthe man whobrings oblations.\nGrant to your sons a portion of that treasure, and, present,\nI give them energy, ye Fathers.\n8 Our ancient Fathers who deserve the Soma, who came, most\nnoble, to our Soma-banquet,\n10\nWith these let Yama, yearning with the' yearning, rejoicing\neat our offerings at his pleasure.\n^ 9 Come to us, Agni, with the gracious Fathers who dwell in\nglowing light, the very Kavyas,\nWho thirsted mid the Gods, who hasten hither, oblation-\nwinners, theme of singers* praises.\nCome, Agni, come with countless ancient Fathers, dwellers in\nlight, primeval, God-adorers,\nEaters and drinkers of oblations, truthful, wrho travel with\nthe Deities and Indra.\nII Fathers whom Agni*s flames have tasted, come ye nigh ye\nkindly leaders, take ye each your proper place. :\nEat sacrificial food presented on the grass grant riches with\n:\na multitude of hero sons.\n12 Thou, Agni Jatavedas, when entreated, didst bear the offer-\nings whichthou madest fragrant,\nAnd give them £o the Fathers who did eat them with SvadhtL\nEat, thou God, the gifts we bring thee.\n13 Thou, Jatavedas, knowest well the numberof Fatherswho are\nhere and who are absent,\nOf Fathers whom we know and whom we know not accept\n:\nthe sacrifice well-prepared with portions.\n7 Lappedin the bosom ofthepurp—leMornings: eSeated in the proximity\noftheradiantflames(ofthealtar).’ Wilson.\n9 Kavyas: see X. 14. 3.\n11 WhomAgni'sflameshavetasted: whosebodieshave beenburnt. A class\nofManescalledAgmshvflttas, accordingto S&yana.\n12 WithSvadhd withthesacrificialexclamation Svadhft, or, with fhejy\nallottedportion.\n13 Withportions: or, with SvadMs.\n26"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1044,
            "content": "—\n:: : :\n402 THE HYMNS OF [BOOKX *\n14 They who, consumed by fire or not cremated, joy in their\noffering in the midst ofheaven,\nGrant them, 0 Sovran Lord, the world of spirits and their\nown body, asthy pleasure wills it.\nHYMN\nXYI. Agni.\nBurn him not up, nor quite consume him, Agni ; let not his\nbodyor his skin be scattered.\n0 J&tavedas, when thou hast matured him, then send him on\nhis way unto the Fathers.\n2 When thou hast made him ready, J&tavedas, then do thou\ngive hitriover to the Fathers.\nWhen he attains unto the life thatwaits him,heshall become\nthe Deities’ controller.\n3 The Sun receive thine eye, the Wind thy spirit go, as thy\n;\nmerit is, to earth or heaven.\n•Go, ifit be thy lot, unto the waters go, make thine home\n;\nin plants with all thy members.\n4 Thy portion is the goat : with heat consume him ; let thy\nfierce flame, thy glowing splendour, burn him,\nWith thine auspicious forms, 0 Jltavedas, bear this man to\ntheregion ofthe pious.\n5 Again, 0 Agni, to the Fathers send him who, offered in thee,\ngoes with our oblations.\nWearing new life let him increase his offspring let him\n:\nrejoin a body, JAtavedas.\n<\n14 Theworldofspirits; dsunUim ;adifficultwordwhosemeaningissome\nwhat uncertain. S&yana joinsitwith tanvdm, andexplainsthetwowordsby\n'* Wit lh se ob n.od Sy et eh Xa .tl 12e .ad 4s .tolife,’ ‘that body that is en cdowed with breath *’\nThishymnhasbeenpartially transliterated, translated, and annotated byv\nMuir, 0. S, Texts,V.pp. 295-297.\nparS tt ia aln lz yas co1 n— s6 uma er de ot nob te here fup ne ea rt ae ld pw ih lei .lethebody of t ‘he departed is bein6g\nthe2 irTh fae voli uf re .thatwaitshim :dsunitm seeX.15.14. Controller bywinninbg\nSee3 MT uh ie r'S su nn otr ee ,cei 0v ,e St .hi Tn ee xte sy ,e, V.th 2e 98W .indthy spirit: let like return to like,\n4 Agniisaddressed. Thegoat thatwasslaughteredandlaidlimb bylimb\nonthecorpse.\n: no5 miXL ne at tr ih vi eSm T isein nIc or d te ^Ma es xe pH ’h ri es U so s/f eff ifspr ring whenhe b Mec «om < Ke f*s e.o rn ete ihe °. io Df part eh ne t *F sa *ot f *he *r G «s od «f !ee"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1045,
            "content": ":: : : : ;\nHYMN THE RIOVEDAi 403\n16.]\n6 What wound soe’er the darkbird bath inflicted, the emmet,\nor the serpent, orthejackal,\nMay Agni who ‘devoureth all things heal it, and Soma who\nhath passed into the Brahmans.\n7 Shield thee with flesh against the flames of Agni, encompass\nthee about with fat and marrow,\nSo will the Bold One, eager to attack thee with fierce glow\nfail to girdle and consume thee,\n8 Forbear, 0 Agni, to upset this ladle : the Gods and they who\nmerit Soma love it.\nThisladle, this which serves the Gods to drink from, inthis\nthe Immortal Deities rejoice them. «\n9 I send afar flesh-eating Agni, bearing offstains mayhe depart\nto Yama?s subjects.\nBut let this other JAtavedas carry oblation to the Gods, for\nhe is skilful.\n10 I choose as God for Father-worship Agni, flesh-eater, who\nhath past within your dwelling,\nWhile looking on this other Jatavedas. Let him light’flames\nin the supreme assembly.\n11 With offerings meet let Agni bring the Fathers who support\nthe Law.\nLet him announce oblations paid to Fathers and to Deities.\n12 Bight gladly would we set thee down, right gladly make thee\nburn and glow.\nGladly bring yearningFathersnigh toeat thefood ofsacrifice.\n13 Cool, Agni, and again refresh the spot which thou hast\nscorched and burnt.\nHere let the water-lily grow, and tender grass and.leafy herb,,\n14 0 full of coolness, thou cool Plant, full of fresh moisture,\nfreshening Herb,\nCome hither with theferwale frog : fill withdelight this Agni\nhere,\n7 Thecorpseisaddressed. 'Mesh: thecaulandotherpartsofaslaughtered\nanimalwhichcoveredthecorpsetopreventtooquickandcompletecremation.\n9 Stains of sin n*impurity whichmay have attachedtothedeparted.\nCp. stanza6.\n10 Lightflames: typically offersacrificeintheassemblyof theGods.\n11 Withofwingsmeet literally, bearing Kavyas or Kavya-worship, . that\nis, 11 .o 2 9ffe WTr ahi ten eeg rs -t lAo i' g lt ynh :ie ;hJ ic ta yhv deis mft bis r ua e.ges s, omor eFa kit rh re !rs.\n'f r.'hnt. Tender grass\npdkaddrvd: avarietyof dlfo'vd grass r I \\‘ s\n14 Fill with delight: meaning, euphemistically, ’extinguish. *After the\nfirehasconsumedthecorpse,waterispoureduponittoextinguishit. Then"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1046,
            "content": ": :: : : : : : .\n404 THE HYMNS OK [BOOK X.\nHYMN\nXVII. Various Deities.\nTvashtarprepares the bridal of his Daughter : all the world\nhears the tidings and assembles,\nBut Yama’s Mother, Spouse of great Vivasvan, vanished as\nshe was carried to her dwelling.\n2 From mortal men they hid the Immortal Lady, made onelike\nher and gave her to Vivasvan,\nSaranyu brought to himtheAsvinbrothers, and then deserted\nboth twinned pairs of children.\n3 Guard of the world, whose cattle ne’er are injured, may PiY\nshan beai;thee hence, for he hath knowledge.\nMay he consign thee to these Fathers’ keeping, and to the\ngracious Gods let Agni give thee.\n4 May Ayu, giver of all life, protectthee, andbeartheeforward\non the distant pathway.\nThither let Savitarthe God transport thee, where dwell the\npious who have passed before thee.\n5 Pushan knows all these realms : may he conduct us by ways\nthat are most free from fear and danger.\nGiver of blessings, glowing, all-heroic, may he, the wise and\nwatchful, go before us.\nfurthermorecertainwater-plants—areputthere. Inaddition totheseafrog—\nhere a female,elsewhereamale isputupon the placewhere thefire has\nburned. These, representatives of life in the waters, are symbolically\nsupposedbothtopreventandextinguishfire.’ (M. Bloomfield, Contributions\nto Dt rh .eI Mn ut ie rr ’p sre Ota rt ii go in nao lfH Sai he e^V re id ta , TeS xe tc son Vd .S pe pr .ie 2s, 97B—al 2t 9i 9m ,or se ho: u1 l8 d90) b. e consulted\nwithregardtothisfuneralhymn add, ressedto Agni, and much additional\ninformationonthesubjectmay \\obtainedfromthe essays, there referred\nto,byvonBoth andMaxMfiller.\n1 Thefirsttwostanzas aredifficult, aXd appeartohaveno connexion with\ntherestof thehymn. Tvashtar aGodoftenregarded, ashere,as anagent\ninnaturalphenomena. His Daughter Saranyu,thestormy cloud or, per-\nhaps, thedawn. Vivasvdn representing the,bright heavens, or; the Sun.\nTama'sMother Saranyil, who afterwards gavebirth to Yama and Yamf\nSeeX. 10,note. Vanished: orwasstolenaway. Carried: asabride, inpro-\ncession. *\n% They: the Gods. TheImmortalLady : Saranyu, Bought tohim under\nanotherformboretoVivasv&n. Bothtwinnedpairs YamaxndYami and the\nAsvins/ Forthelegendwhichhasbeenformedoutoftheseobjure hints, see\nWilson’s Translation, and Muir, 0. S. Texts, V. 228.\n3 Herethefuneralhymn begins, withanaddress tothe spirit thede-\nparted. Pdshan asaSun-God andtheheavenlyHerdsman who khtrvsthe\npaththroughtheheavensandistherefore a goodconductorof the spiritof\nthedeparted.\n4 Ayu accordingto S4yana,V&yuisintended,theletter1v’ beingelided.\nOrthemeaningmaybe, lifeoffullvitality."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1047,
            "content": ", : ! :\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA. 405\n17.]\n6 Pushan was bom to move on distantpathways, onthe roadfar\nfrom earth and far from heaven.\nTobothmost wontedplaces ofassembly he travelsandreturns\nwith perfect knowledge;\n7 The pious call Sarasvati, they worship Sarasvatl while sacri-\nfice proceedeth.\nThe pious called Sarasvatl aforetime. Sarasvatl send bliss to\nhim who giveth.\n8 Sarasvati, who earnest with the Fathers, with them rejoicing\nthee in our oblations,\nSeated upon this sacred grass be joyful, and giye usstrength-\nening food that brings no sickness.\n9 Thou, called on as Sarasvatl by Fathers who come right for-\nward to our solemn service,\nGive food and wealth to present sacri^cers ? a portion, worth\na thousand, of refreshment.\n10 The Mother Floods shall make ** bright and shining, cleans-\ners of holy oil, with oil sWl cleanse ns\nFor, Goddesses, they be^ °ff all defilement : I rise up from\nthem purified and heightened.\n11 Through days o* earliest date the Drop descended on this\nplace and o*- that which was before it.\nI offer urv chroughout the seven oblations, the Drop which\ngo one same place is moving.\n12 r-Uie Drop that falls, thy stalk which armshaveshaken,which\nfrom the bosom of the press hath fallen,\nOr from the Adhvaryu’spurifyingfilter, Iofferthee withheart\nand cry of Vashat\n13 That fallen Drop of thine, the stalk which from the ladle fell\naway,\nThispresent God Brihaspatishall pouritforthtomakeusrich.\n14 The plants of earth are rich in milk, and rich in milk is this\nmy speech;\nAnd rich in milk the essence of the Waters make me pure\n:\ntherewith.\n7 Sarasvatl seeI. 3. 10.\n11 This stanzaisnot veryintelligible. TheDropisapparently the Soma\nbutS&yanaexplainsit, alternatively,by Adityaorthe Sun. See Satapatha*;\nBrdhmana VII. 4. 1. 20 (Sacred Books oftheEast, XLI* 368).\nli Richinmilk; fullof sap, vigour, vitalandvivifyingpower.\n4"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1048,
            "content": ": : ; : :\nm\n. TEE HYMNS OP [BOOK K.\nHYMN\nXVIII. VariousDeities,\nnC Go hence, 0 Death, pursue thy special pathway apart from\nthat which Gods are wont to travel.\nTo thee I say it who hast eyes and hearest Touch not our\n;\noffspring, injure not our heroes.\n2 As ye have come effacing Mrityu’s footstep, to further times\nprolonging your existence,\nMay ye be rich in children and possessions, cleansed, purified,\nand meet for sacrificing.\n3 Divided from the dead are these, the living now be our\n:\ncalling o*ithe Gods successful.\nWe have\"gone forthfor dancing and for laughter, to further\ntimes pronging our existence.\ni Here I erect thih^ampart for the living let none of these,\n;\nnone other, reach,£his limit.\nMay theysurvive ahundred lengthened autumns, and may\nthey bury DeathbeneHh this mountain.\n5 As the days follow days in <h^e succession, as with the sea-\nsons duly come the seasons,\nAs each successor fails not his former, so form the lives of\nthese, 0 great Ordainer\n5 Live yourfulllives and find old age dehgj^ful, all of you\nstriving one behind the other.\nMay Tvashtar, maker offairthings, begracious lengthen\nout the days ofyour existence.\n1 Death Mrityu,the GodofDeath distinctfrom Yama the judge and\nrulerofthedeparted. Ouroffspring; p; rajtlm meaning here, sayB S&yana,\nfemaleoffspring, duhitridauhitrdtmikdm, in —theformofdaughters and their\ndaughters. Ourheroes: sonsandtheir sons. S&yana.\n% Addressedtothekinsmenofthe deceased. Effacing Mrityu*s footstep:\nawisporclogwasfastenedtothefootofthecorpsewhichrepresentedMrityu\norDeath, inorderto preventtheprematurereturnof Deathto carryoffthe\nliving. SeeA. V V. 19. 12. Cleansed: fromsins of aformerlife. Purified:\nfromsins ofthepresentlife.\n3 Dancingandlaughter: theenjoyments of ordinarylife afterthe fulfil-\nmentofourdutiestothedead.\n4 Thisrampart: ofstone, orearth,raised by the Adhvaryu as a lineof\ndemarcationbetweenthedeadandthe living, and limiting, as it were, the\njurisdictionofDeathuntilthenaturaltimeforhisapproach. This mountain:\nthemound orbank.\n5 Soformthelives:letthempassawayindue orderofseniority, Ordainer\nDhdtar thenameofadivinebeingwhoisthe creator, arranger, maiutainer,\nandmanagerof all things.\n6 Onebehindtheother theoldestreachingthe endoftheirjourneyfirst."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1049,
            "content": "HYMN 18.] THE HIGVEDA. 407\nT Let these unwidowed dames with noble husbands adorn them-\nselves with fragrant balm and unguent.\nDecked with fair jewels, tearless, freefrom sorrow, first letthe\ndames go up to wherehe lieth.\n8 Rise, come unto the world of life, 0 woman : come, he is life-\nless by whose side thou liest.\nWifehood withthis thy husbandwasthyportion, whotookthy\nhand and wooed thee as a lover.\n9 From his dead hand I take the bow hecarried, that it may be\nour power and might and glory.\nThere art thou, there and here with noble heroes may we\n;\no'ercome all hosts that fight against us. ^\n10 Betaketheetothelap of Earththe Mother, ofEarthfar-spread-\ning, very kind and gracious.\nYoung Dame, wool-soft unto the guerdon-giver, may she pre-\nserve thee from Destruction's bosom.\n11 Heave thyself, Earth, norpresstheedownward heavily; afford\nhim easy access, gently tending him.\nCoverhim, asamotherwrapsher skirtaboutherchild, 0Earth,\n12 Now letthe heavingearthbefreefrommotion yea, letathou-\n:\nsand clods remain above him.\nBe they to him a home distilling fatness, here letthemeverhe\nhis place of refuge.\n13 1 stay the earth from thee, while over thee I place this piece\nof earth. May I be free from injury.\nHere let the Fathers keep this pillar firm for thee, and there\nlet Yama make thee an abiding-place.\n14 Even as an arrow's feathers, they haveset me on a fittingday.\nThe fit word have I caught and held as 'twere a courser with\nthe rein.\nMul7 leF ri ,rs Ct h: ipd sgr Ie V; .t 3o 5b —eg 8i 9n (ew di it th io; ni o. fe. 18b 9e 5f )o .re Ot nhe thc eer we hm oo ln eie ss tab ne zg ai ,n. seeS De re .M F. .\n,\nHall, Journal of E. A. S., Yol. III. PartI., p. 185f.\nthe8 d‘T eh ai ds mv aer ns ,ei as nt do b he es ip sok te on mb ay k —ethe heh rus leb aa vn ed’ hs erb hr uot sh be ar m, i’e ste b, ot do y.the Sewi efe tho ef\nAswaldyana Grihya Stitraa, IY. 2.’ Editor’s note,in Wilson’s Translation.\n*9 Thisstanzaisapplicableonlywhenthedeceased was a Kshatriya ormaxi\nof the princely and military order.\n10 Addressed to the body. Guerdon-giver: the liberal rewarder of the\npriests. Destruction's bosom: or thelapof Nirriti.\n13 /staytheearth: 11 keepoff theearth abovetheewiththylid.’ *This\nisaddressedto the urncontaining the bones andashes, whichisburiedafter\nthe corpsehasbeen burnt.*—Wilson. Pillar; perhaps a beam laid overthe\nremains.\n14 Thisstanza,whichseemstobealateraddition, isnotnoticedinS&yana’s\nCommentary, andthemeaningof thesecond line is not very clear. I have"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1050,
            "content": "—\n;\nTHEHYMNS OF [BOOK Xj\n408\nHYMN XIX. WatersorCow*.\n3\nTurn, go not farther on your way; visit us, 0 ye Wealthy\nOnes.\nAgni and Soma, ye who bringriches again, secure us wealth.\nMake these return to us again, bring them beside us once\nagain.\nMay Indra give them back to us, and Agni drive them hither-\nward.\n3 Let them return to us again : under this herdsman let them\nfeed.\nDo thou, 0 Agni, keep them here, and let the wealth we\nhave remain.\n4 I callupontheirherdsman,him who knoweth welltheircoming\nnigh,\nTheir parting and their home-return, and watcheth their\napproach and rest.\n5 Yea, let the herdsman, too, return, who marketh well their\ndriving-forth\nMarketh their wandering away, their turning back and com-\ning home.\n6. Home-leader, lead them hometo us; Indra, restore to us-our\nkine\nWe will ; rejoice in them alive.\nfollowed Prof. Whitney’s rendering (Lanman, p. 886). The verse, says\nLanraan, •seems to express the poet’s satisfactionathaving made a good\nhymnat the righttime andplace, and withasgood skillasaskilful horse-\nmanhas.’\nThehymnhas beentranslatedbythe —authorsoftheSiebenzigZieder. See\nH\nTZ C ei hi v am ei dm l ee ei\nr\nszr\n,\nsa’ at ps i ypo s.nA oU 3i fi n 8n v2Ad o—ni ncs 8ic B8eh o6ne\n,\ntts hanL I ade n nb d dZe i ^n Ma n,\n, a ai\nxp 'pp dp M. e. ul1 B4 0\na\nl0 8\ng\ne0 ,\no rz\nhia4\nn\nan0\n’\nvd7\ns\ne, aV2M le7r 8\nd\nr. ,\ni ec\nadB 2\nI\nyo 7 n9z bd,n eio eap n,Lh pa\nrp\nenC\n.\nfmh ea\n3\nru n\n5\nrn ' e1d ds —e\n3\ntr o5S .a 3D n ,u st kt r’ its\nThehymn isaprayer forthe returnof strayed cows, towhomthe first\nlineisaddressed.\n1 Yewho —bringriches again :punarvasd: ‘yewho clothe(yourworship-\npers)again.’ Wilson. See —Hillebrandt, V,M., I. 460.\n2 These: cows,orwaters. Slyana. Makereturnisth- .. . .\\v.\nand SAyana saysthatthe seerof thehymn addresses ' . V. ,; - \\\nistoIndra.\n4 SAyana explains this stanza somewhat differently : 11 invoke the\nknowledge ofthe place, of theirgoing, oftheircoming, of their departure,\n—o Wf it lh sei or n.wan Td he ir sin ig s, ao mf ot rh eeir str re it cu tlr yni ln ig te: ral(I ri en nv do ek re i) nghi ofm tw hh eo abis strt ah ce tir nk oe ue np ser in/\nthetext."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1051,
            "content": ":: :\nHYMN 20.] THE RIGVEDA. 400\n7 Iofferyouon everysidebutterandmilkandstrengtheningfood.\nMay all the Holy Deities pour down on us a flood of wealth.\n8 0 thou Home-leader, lead themhome, restore themthou who\nbringest home.\nFour are the quarters of the earth from these bring back to\n;\nus our kine.\nHYMN XX. Agni.\nSend unto usa good and happy mind.\n2 I worshipAgni, YouthfullestofGods, resistless, Friendoflaws;\nUnder whose guard and heavenly light the Spotted seek the\nMother’s breast\n3 Whom with their mouth they magnify, bannered with flame\nand homed in light.\nHe glitterswith his row of teeth.\n4 Kind, Furtherer of men, he comes, when he hath reached the\nends of heaven,\nSage, giving splendour to the clouds.\n8\n5 To taste man’s offerings, he, the Strong, hath risen erect at\nsacrifice\n10 Fixing his dwelling he proceeds.\n6 Hereareoblation, worship, rest rapidlycomeshisfurtherance.\n:\nTo sword-armed Agni come the Gods.\n7 With service for chiefbliss 1 seek the Lord of Sacrifice, Agni*\nwhom\nThey call the Living, Son of Cloud.\n8 Blest evermore beall the men who come from us, whomagnify\nAgni with sacrificial gifts.\n9 The path he treads is black andwhite and red, and striped,\nand brown, crimson, and glorious.\nHis sire begat him bright with hues of gold.\nThus with his thoughts, 0 Son of Strength, 0 Agni, hath\nYimada, accordant with the Immortals,\nOfferedtheehymns, soliciting thy favour. Thou hast brought\nall, food, strength, a prosperous dwelling.\n2 TheSpotted: tliereisnonoun. Thevariegated oblations, asSayanasays,\nappear to be intended andthe Mother's breast maybe the clouds of the\nfirmament.\nThestanza;\nis difficult, andtranslationmust betentative.\nHom.ed in light: the meaning of hripdnUam is un—certain. ‘Pitying\nprayer,’ accordingto Ludwig. ‘Sustmnerofpiousworks.’ Wilson.\n5 Heproceeds iscarriedfromonefirereceptacleoraltarto another.\n6 Sword-armed : armedWith his Bwordorknifeof pierciugflame.\n8 Themenwhocomefromus; sonsandgrandsons of theworshippers.\n9 Thepathhe treads: accordingto S&yana, hischariot,\n10 Vimada j theRishiof the hymu."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1052,
            "content": "— —\n:!: :\nTUB HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n410\nHYMN XXI. Agni.\nWith offerings of our own we choose thee, Agni, as Invoking\nPriest, — —\nFor sacrifice with trimmed grass, at your glad carouse\npiercing and brightly shining. Thou art waxing great.\n2 The wealthy ones adorn thee, they who bring us horses as\ntheir gift:\nThe sprinkling ladle, Agni,—-at your gladcarouse—and glow-\ning offering taste thee. Thou art waxing great.\n3 The holy statutes rest by thee, as 'twere with ladles thatover-\nflow. „ —\nBlack and white-gleaming colours, at your gladcarouse—all\nglories thou assumest. Thou art waxing great.\n4 0 Agni, whatthou deemest wealth, Victorious and Immortal\nOne — —\nBring thou to giveusvigour, atyour gladcarouse splendid\nat sacrifices. Thou art waxing great.\n5 Skilled in alllore is Agni, he whom erstAtharvau brought to\nlife. —\nHe was Vivasvein’s envoy,atyourgladcarouse the well-loved\nfriendof Yama. Tbou art waxing great.\n6 Atsacrifices they adore thee, A—gni, wheu the rite proce—eds.\nAll fair and lovely treasures at your glad carouse thou\ngivest him who offers. Thou art waxing great.\n7 Men, Agni, have established thee as welcome Priest at holy\nrites, —\nThee whose face shines with butter, at your glad carouse\nbright, with eyes most observant. Thou art waxing great\n8 Wide and aloft thou spreadest thee, 0Agni, withthybrilliant\nflame. — —\nA Bull art thou when bellowing, at yourglad carouse thou\ndostimpregn the Sisters. Thou art waxing great.\n1 Atyourgladcarouse apparently a Soma-drinkingrefrain, addressed to\nthe Visvedevasor All-Gods. Thou art waxing great: a similar refrain or\nburden addressedtoAgni. SeeWilson’sTranslation,note. Grassmannomits\nbothrefrains, whichheconsidersto belaterinterpolations.\n2 Taste thee feelthepowerof thefire.\n3 Thefirstlineisdifficult: fTheestablishes (of—the rite) worship thee\n—wi Wt ih lst oh nei .rl Iad fl oe ls lo( wfi Lll ue dd ww ii gt ’h st ih ne teo rb pl ra et ti ao tn i) o, n.like T( he oa sr eth who)s wp or ri sn hk il pin Ag g( ns iho aw ce cr os) r. d’\n-\ningtohisLawareregardedas his owustatutes incarnate.\n5 Atharvan thepriest whoissaidto have been the first to obtain fire\nandofferSomaandprayers. Vivasvdn; theSoma-priest, orthe sacrifices\n$ TatSisters; theplants, whichAgni, descendinginrain, makesfruitful."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1053,
            "content": "—\n; : ::\nBltMN 22,1 VSS RIGtEDA. 4X1\nHYMN\nXXII. Indra.\nWhere is famed Indraheardof? With whatfolk is he reuowix-\ned to-day as Mitra is,\nWho in thehome of Eishisandin secret is extolled withsong?\n2 Even here is Indrafamed, and among us thisday the glorious\nThunderer is praised,\nHe who like Mitra mid the folk hath won complete and full\nrenown.\n3 He who is Sovran Lord of great and perfect strength, exerter\nof heroic might,\nWho hears the fearless thunder as a father hears his darling\nson.\n4 Harnessing to thy car, as God, two blustering Steeds of the\nWind-God, 0 Thunderer,\nThat speed along the shining path, thou making ways art\nglorified.\n5 Even to these dark Steeds of Wind thou of thyself hast come\nto ride,\nOf which no dliver may be found, none, be he God or mortal\nman.\n6 When ye approach, men ask you, theeand Usan& : Why come\nye to our dwelling-placef\nWhy are ye come to mortall man from distant realms of earth\nand heaven?\n7 0 Indra, thou shalt speak us fair : our holy prayer is offered\nup.\nWe pray to thee for help as thou didst strike the monster\nSushna deach\n8 Around us is the Dasyu, riteless, void of sense, inhuman,\nkeeping alien laws.\nBaffle, thou Slayer of the foe, the weapon which this Gasa\nwields.\n&.Hero with Heroes, thou art ours yea, strong are they whom\n- thou dost help. :\nIn many a place are thy full gifts, andmen, like vassals, sing\nthy praise.\n1 Insecret intheforest, accordingto S&yana.\n4 Makingways as a God of light, making paths through the pathless\ndarkness.\n6 U$and Usan&orTJsanasEAvya, who hasbeen frequentlymentionedas\nafavouredfriendand companion of Indra.\n9 With Heroes the attendant Maruts."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1054,
            "content": ": : : : : : : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n412 .\n10 Urge thou these heroes on to slay the enemy, brave Thunder-\ner in the fight with swords,\nEven! when hid among the tribes of Sages numerous as stars.\n11 Swift come those gifts of thine whose hand is prompt torend\nand bum, 0 Hero Thunder-armed\n:\nAs thou with thy Companions didst destroy the whole of\nSushna’s brood.\n12 Let not thine excellent assistance come to us, 0 Hero Indra,\nprofitless.\nMay we, may we enjoy the bliss of these thy favours, Thun-\nderer\n!\n13 May those soft impulses of thine, 0 Indra, be fruitful and\ninnocent to us.\nMay we know these whose treasures are like those of milch-\nkine, Thunderer !\n14 That Earth, through power of knowing things that may be\nknown, handless and footless yet might thrive,\nThou slewest, turning to the right, Sushna for every living\nman.\n15 Drink, drinkthe Soma, Hero Indra; be not withheld as thou\nartgood, 0 Treasure-giver.\nPreserve the singers and our liberal princes, and make us\nwealthy with abundant riches.\nHYMN\nXXIII. Indra.\nIndra, whose right hand wields the bolt, we worship, dxdver\nof Bay Steeds seeking sundered courses.\nShaking his beard with might he hath arisen, casting his\nweapons forth and dealing bounties.\n—\n2 The treasure which his Bay Steeds found at sacrifice, this\nwealth made opulent Indra slayer ofthe foe.\n10 Theenemy orVritra. Hidamongthetribesof Sages: dwellingamong\nthewise Godsand invisible to men. Numerous as stars the meaning of\nnakshatrasavasdmisuncertain,\n11 Whosehandisprompttorendandburn Ifollow Ludwig’s interpreta-\nti_on, butthemeaningwhichhegives todkshdneisdoubtfu—l.\n13 Softimpulsesofthine: ‘our(praises) reachingthee.’ Wilson.\n14 Forevery livingman : visv&yave accordingto Siyana,for the sakeof\nVisv&yu, aking, thesonofUrvasi, theApsaras ornymph of heavenwho be-\ncamethewifeofPurhravas. Turningtothe right circumambulatingSushna\nwiththerighthandtowardshimforgoodluck performingthe Gaelicdeasil.\n;\n1 Seekingsunderedcourses: vlvratdndm unruly, and pulling away from\neachother, orwandering. AccordingtoS&yapa,havingmanyfunctions.\n2 At sacrifice S&yana explains vane by ‘at sacrifice, or, in the forest.'\nTheexactmeaningofthewordhereisnotcertain. Ofthefoe or, ofYritra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1055,
            "content": "—\n: ; : :\nSYMN 24.] TEE RIGVEDA. 418\n—\nBibhu, Bibhukshan, Vaja, he is Lord ofMight. The D&sa’s\nvery name I utterly destroy.\n3 When, with the Princes, Maghavan, famed of old, comes nigh\nthe thunderbolt of gold, and the Controller’s car\nWhich his two Tawny Coursers draw, then Indra is the\nSovran Lord of power whose glory spreads afar.\n4 With him too is this rain of his that comes like herds : Indra\nthrows drops of moistureon his yellow beard.\nWhen the sweet juice is shed he seeks the pleasant place, and\nstirs the worshipper as wind disturbs the wood.\n5 We laud and praise his several deedsofvalour\\yho, fatherlike,\nwith power hath made us stronger\nWho with his voice slew many tho; usand wicked ones who\nspake invaried manners with contemptuous cries.\n6 Indra, the Vimadas have formed for thee a laud, copious,\nunparalleled, for thee Most Bountiful.\nWe know the good we gain from him the Mighty One when we\nattract him as a herdsman calls the kine.\n7 Ne’er may this bond of friendship be dissevered, the Bishi\nVimada’s and thine, 0 Indra.\nWe know thou carest for us as a brother : with us, 0 God, be\nthine auspicious friendship.\nHYMN XXIV. Indra. Asvins.\n0 Indra, drink thisSoma, pressed out in the mortar, full of\nsweets. — —\nSend down to us great riches, at your gladcarouse inthou-\nsands, 0 Most Wealthy. Thou art waxing great.\n2 To thee withsacrifices, withoblations, —andwithlaudswecome.\nLord ofall strength andpower, grant at your glad carouse\nthe best choice-worthy treasure. Thou art waxing great.\n3 ThouwhoartLordofprecious —boons, incitereven of t—he churl,\nGuardian of singers, Indra, at your glad carouse save us\nfrom woe and hatred. Thou art waxing great.\nRibhUjRibhuhshan, Vdja Indra, combining the three Ilibhus in his own\nperson.\n8 Withthe Princes withthe Maruts.\n4 Dropsof moisture perhapstherain—which hepours uponthe lightning\nwhich may be regarded as his beard. Ludwig. The pleasant place: the\nchamberofsacrifice. Theworshipper or, accordingtoS&yana, hisownbody.\nThetexthasnowordto express theobjecthere.\nThe double burden or refrain of Hymn XXI. is employed in the first\nthreestanzas.\n3 Ofsingers: worshippers; 'eulogists.’—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1056,
            "content": ":\n414 THE HYMNS OH [BOOK X*\n4 Strong, Lords of Magic power, ye Twain churned the united\nworlds apart,\nWhen ye, imploredbyVirnada,N&satyas, forcedapartthepair.\n5 When the united pair were rent asunder all the Gods com-\nplained.\nThe Gods to the N&satyas cried, Bring these together once\nagain.\n6 Sweet be mygoing forth, and rich in sweets be my approach\nto home.\nSo,through your Deity, bothGods, enrich us with all plea-\nsantness.\nHYMN XXY. Soma\n.\nSend —usagood andhappymi —nd,send energyandmentalpower.\nThen atyour glad carouse let men joy in thy love, Sweet\nJuice ! as kine in pasture. Thou art waxing great.\nIn all thyforms, 0 Soma, rest thy powers that influence the\nheart.\nSo also these my longings—at your glad carouse—spread\nthemselves seeking riches. Thou artwaxing great.\n3 Even if, 0 Soma, I neglect thy law—s through my simplicity,\nBe gracious—at your glad carouse as sire to son. Preserve\nus even from slaughter. Thou art waxing great.\n4 Our songs in concert go to thee as streams of water to the\nwells.\n—\nSoma, thatwe may live, grant atyour glad carouse—full\npowers ofmind, likebeakers. Thou artwaxing great.\n5 0 Soma, through thy might who art skilful and strong, these\nlonging men,\n—\nThese sages, have thrown open at your glad carouse—the\nstall of kineand horses. Thou art waxing great.\n6 Ourherds thou guardest, Soma, and the moving world spread\nfar and wide.\nThou fittest them for living,— at yourglad carouse— looking\nupon all beings. Thou art waxing great.\nfea4 yaC nh au er xn pe lad i. nsdiffere; nto lr yperh ‘a yp os, up hr ao vd eu cc he ud r% nedc fh ou rr tn hi (n tg heor fiv ri eo ).l ’e—nt Wa ig li st oa nt .ion,\nca. o, n1 nau eT . xh ie onlf hi wr e ist td hh oa u tl b hf l eeli rbn ee u stro df oe ft nh ti hos ers r st tea afn nrz zaa ai .nha iss ao gc ac iu nrr eed mplb oe yf eo dr ,ea ws itt hhe lif ti tr ls etl oi rne no of\n4 Likeleakers filledfulh likechalicesofSomajuice.\nsacr5 ifT ich ee s,lo on pg ei nn eg dm thm e: wat yhe top wri ee as lt ts h.\n.\nHave thraion open, etc.: have 'byv their"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1057,
            "content": "— —\n:B : ; ;; ;\nHYMN THE RIOVEDA 415\n26,] .\n7 On all sides, Soma, be to us —a Guardian ne’er to be deceived.\nKing, driveaway our foemen at your glad carouse let not\nthe wicked rule us. Thou art waxing great.\n8 Be watchful, Soma, passing wise, to give us store of vital\nstrength. —\nMore skilled than man to guide us, at your glad carouse\nsave us from harm and sorrow. Thou art waxing great.\n9 Chief slayer of our foemen, thou, Indu, art Indra’s gracious\nFriend, — —\nWhen warriors invoke him at your glad carouse in fight,\nto win them offspring. Thou art waxing great.\n10 Victorious is this gladdening drink : to Indra dear it grows in\nst—rength. —\nThis atyourgladcarouse enhancedthe mightyhymnofthe\ngreat sage Kakshiv&n. Thou art waxing great.\n11 This to the sage who offers gifts bringspowerthatcomesfrom\nwealth in kine. — —\nThis, better than the seven, hath at your glad carouse far-\nthered the blind, the cripple. Thou art waxing great.\nHYMN XXVI. Pushan,\nForward upon their way proceed the ready teams, the lovely\nsongs.\nFurther them glorious Pftsh&n with yoked chariot, and the\nMighty Twain\n!\n2 With sacred hymns let this man here, this singer, win the\nGod to whom\nBelongthismajestyandmight. Hehathobservedoureulogies.\n3 Pushan the Strong hath knowledge of sweet praises even as\nIndu hath.\nHe dews our com with moisture, he bedews the pasture of\nour kine.\n4 We will bethink ourselves of thee, 0 Pushan, O thou God,\nas One.\n10 KaksMvdn afamous Risbi, theseer of some hymns of Book I. See\nIndex, Vol. I.\n11 j etterthantheseven moreeffectuallythanthe seven priests. S&yana\nexplainsdifferently: 4itgiveswealthto the seven (priests).-—Wilson. The\nblind theIlishiDirghatamas, accordingto S&yana. The cripple Par&vrij.\nSeebothnames inVoL I., Index.\n1 Readyteams:orderedser—iesofourwords. TheMightyTwain theAsvins.\nAccordingto S&yana, dasrct darsaniyah ,ofgoodlyaspect,appliedtoPOahan\nor, the two performers of therite, the Yajamdnaandhiswife."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1058,
            "content": ":: ;: : :::\n416 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\nWho brings fulfilment of our hymns, and stirs the singer and\nthe sage.\n5 Joint-sharer of eachsacrifice,the driver of the chariot steeds\n;\nThe Eishi who is good to man, the singer’s Friend and faith-\nful Guard.\n6 One who is Lord ofSucha, Lord ofSucha caring for herself :\nWeaving the raiment of the sheep and making raiment beau-\ntiful.\n7 The mighty Lord of spoil and wealth, Strong Friend of all\nprosperity\nHe with lightmovement shakes his beard, lovely and ne’er to\nbe deceived.\n8 0 Pushan, may those goats of thine turn hitherward thy\nchariot-pole.\nFriend ofall suppliants art thou, born in old time, and firm\nand sure.\n9 May the majestic Pushan speed our chariot with his power\n.\naud might\nMayhe increase our store of wealth and listen to this call of\nours.\nHYMN XXVII.\nIndra.\nThis, singer, is my firm determination, to aid the worshipper\nwho pours the Soma.\nI slay the man who brings no milk-oblation, unrighteous,\npowerful, the truth’s perverter.\n2 Then will I, when I lead my friends to battle against the\nradiantpersons of the godless,\nPrepare for thee at home a vigorous bullocik, and pour for\nthee the fifteenfold strong juices.\n6 SuchaandSucM namesof amanand woman.-—Ludwig. Accordingto\nS&yanaandWilson, *thepure(he-goat)and the pure (she-goat)/ —Weaving\ntheraiment *makingwoollenclothssuch asthe woollenfilter, etc/ Wilson.\nAndmakingraimentbeautiful or,hehathmade vesture pure and bright;\nthatis, says Sctyana,hehathpurifiedallaroundwithhisheatandlight.\n7 Friend theaugmented Shakes his beard when he drinks the Soma\njuice.\n8 Thosegoats: Pfishan’schariot is said to be drawnby a team of goats.\nOf.I. 38. 4.\n1 IndraaddressestheEishi. Powerful: dbhiim perhaps, possessedofthe\nmeansthatwouldenable himto offersacrifices.\n2 TheEishi replies. Fifteenfold strong juices according to S&yana, the\njuices oftheSoma-plantwhoseleavesgrowduringthelighthalfofthe'month\nanddieawayduring thedarkhalf."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1059,
            "content": "—\n: : : : : :\nHYMN 27.] THE MOVED A. 417\n3 I know not him who sayeth and declareth that he hath slain\nthe godless in the battle.\nSoon as they see the furious combat raging, men speak forth\nmy\npraises of vigorous horses,\n4 While yet my deeds of might were unrecorded, all passed for\nMaghavans though I existed.\nThe potent one who dwelt in peace I conquered, grasped by\nthe foot and slew him on the mountain.\n5 None hinder me in mine heroic exploits, no, not the moun-\ntains when I will and purpose.\nEven the deaf will tremble at my roaring, and every day will\ndust be agitated. *\n6 To seetheIndralessoblation-drinkers, meanofferers, o’ertaken\nby destruction\n1\nThen shall the fellies of my car pass over those who have\nblamed my joyous Friend and scorned him.\n7 Thou wast, thou grewest to full vital vigour : an earlier saw,\na later one shall see thee.\nTwo canopies, as ?twere, are round about him who reacheth to\nthe limit of this region.\n8 The freed kine eat the barley of the pious. I saw them as\nthey wandered with the herdsman.\nThe calling of the pious rang around them. What portion\nwill these kine afford their owner %\n9 When we who eat the grass of men are gathered I am with\nbarley-eaters in the corn-land.\nThere shall the captor yoke the yokeless bullock, and he who\nhath been yoked seek one to loose him.\n3 Indraspeaks,rebukingtheRishiandascribingallvictories tohimself.\n4 Thepotentone the powerfulfiendSambara,forinstance.\n5 Dust ofbattle, stirred up by India.\n6 To see: dtirsan according to S&yana, I, Indra, see. Oblation-drinkers;\nwho themselves consume the offerings that should be presented to Indra.\nM pae ra sn imo of nf ier oe ur ss, wb od rh su hk is ph pd ed ra sh: whli otera ol fl fy e,\nr\na tr hm e-cu fot rt ee lr es g.\ns,\noA rcc io nr fd ei rin og\nr\nt po arv to sn oR fo tt hh e,\nsacrificialanimal. (Whocut(the—worshippers)to pieceswith theirhands/\nWilson. Joyous Friend: Vishnu. Ludwig. Or themeaning maybe, your\njoyousfriend Indrahimself, thefriendofhis worshippers.\n7 TheRishi; speaks. An earlier saw themeaningof thehalf-lineisnot\nclear. Perhaps,foeshavealready feltthypower, andothersyetshallfeelit.\n*The a—ncient Indra verily destroys (his foe), theother does notdestroy\nIndra/ Wilson. Twocanopies heavenand earth. Him Indra,\n8 Indraspeaks, fearing, apparently, thattheworshipper willhavenomilk\ntoofferhim.\n9 *There —isno commenton obscureverse, andWilson leavesablank\ninhis MS/ Editor of Wilson^ Translation,Yol. VI. Ludwig says that-*\n27"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1060,
            "content": ": : : : :: : : :\n418 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n10 There wilt thou hold as true my spoken purpose, to bring\ntogether quadrupeds and bipeds.\nI will divide, without a fight, his riches who warreth here,\nagainst the Bull, with women.\n11 When a man’s daughterhathbeenevereyeless, who, knowing,\nwill be wroth with her for blindness? —\nWhich of the two will loose onhim his anger the man^who\nleads her home or he who wroos her?\n12 How many a maid is pleasing to the suitor who fain would\nmarry for her splendid riches?\nIf the girl be both good and fair of feature, she fiuds, herself,\na friend among the people.\n1.3 His feet have grasped : he eats the man who meets him.\nAround his head he sets the head for shelter.\nSitting anear and right above he smites us, and follows earth\nthat lies spread out beneath him.\n14 High, leafless, shadowless, and swift is Heaven: the Mother\nstands, the Youngling, loosed, is feeding.\nLoud hath she lowed, licking Another’s offspring, In what\nworld hath the Cow laid down her udder?\nIndradeclares thathehas broughtmen andcattle together andmadethe\nlatter subjecttothe former, to be yokedand toremain yoked when and as\nlongastheir masters please. Accordingto this interpretation, tbefirsthalf\nofthestanza might berendered : *Grass-eating beastswith menhave I con-\nnected,andthosewhoeatgraininthewidespreadcorn-land.’\n10 Against theBull against me,the mighty Indra. With women : with\nweakallies.\n11 ‘Hitherto,’ saysProf. Ludwig, (itispossible to establish a connexion\nba en gd ini s,n ’terd Oe npe hn id men ;ce onof tht ehe fas te hp ea rr .ate Ws htr oop wh oe os s; hw ei rth ses et fr co sph he er1 i1 nt mh ae rrdi if af gi ecu fl oty\nr\nhisfriendoremployer.\n12 Herself:svaydmchit byherownworth,independentlyofherdowry.\n13 His feethave grasped: Indra,asthe Sun, has seizedand drawn uptbe\nwateroftherivers withtherays whicharehisfeet. Eatsthemanwhomeets\nhim perhaps, merely, scorches themanwho exposeshimself tohisburning\nrays. According toSayana, ‘feeds upon,i, e, takes intohis orb, the water\nthatapproacheshim.’ Another explanationis,that thepiousafterdeathgo\ntotheSunandbecomesunbeams.—Ludwig. Hesets theheadforshelter he\ntakestheheightofheavenasacovering. Anearandrightabove: in hismeri-\ndianheight. Followsearth descendsto thehorizonandsetsbeyondit.\n14 Leafless,shadowless: heavenbeingcomparedtoatreethatovershadows\ntheearth. Accordingto S&yana, drvd here is the ever-movingSun. The\nMother Ushas orDawn. AccordingtoS&yana,mdtaheremeans *thebuilder\n(ofthe world).* The Youngling orCalf Agniwho feedsonthe oblations.\nShe: Heaven,ortheatmospheric Prithivi; , roaringas therain comes down.\nAnothersoffspring IndraasAditya or the Sun,the offspringof Aditi, In\ntw hh eat Skw yo ,rld , Thet ec. s: ect oh nat di hs a, lw f-b so tak nn zo aw hs aswh oe cr cue rt rh ee dr ba ei fn orec .ome Ss eef Ir IIo .m 5? 5,Th 1e 3,Cow :"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1061,
            "content": "—\n:: ;;: : :*\nHYMN 27.] THE RICrVEDA . 419\n15 Seven heroes from the nether part ascended, and from the\nupper part came eight together.\nNine from behind came armed with winnowing-baskets ten\n;\nfrom the front pressed o'er the rock's high ridges.\n16 One of the ten, the tawny, shared in common, they send to\nexecute their final purpose.\nThe Mother carries on her breast the Infant of noble form\nand soothes it while it knows not.\nIT The Heroes dressed with fire the fatted wether: the dice were\nthrown by way of sport and gaming.\nTwo reach the plain amid the heavenly waters, hallowing and\nwith means of purifying. *\n18 Crying aloud they ran in all directions : One half of them will\ncook, and not the other.\nTo me hath Savitar, this God, declared it : He will perform,\nwhose food is wood and butter.\n19 1 saw a troop advancing from the distance, moved, not by\nwheels but their own Godlike nature.\nThe Friendly One seeks human generations, destroying, still\nnew, bands of evil beings.\n20 These my two Bulls, even Pramara’s, are harnessed : drive\nthem not far here let them often linger.\nThe waters even; shall aid him to hisobject, and theall-cleans-\ning Sun who is above us.\n15 Sevenheroes accordingtoS&yana, Visv&mitraandother Rishis, sonsof\nPraj&pati, Eight theV&lakhilyas, anumerousraceofdivinepygmies. Nine:\ntheBhrigus. Ten Angirases. Or, alternatively, seven Maruts, on Indra's\nright, eight onhisleft, ninebehindhim, andten in front. Theseexplanations,\nb thy inS k& sya tn haa tc ta hn eno vt arb i£ oua scc cle ap st se ed s; ofb lu et tti et rsis oh fa tr hd et ao lps hay abw eh ta at reis inm te ea nn dt e. d.L Hu id sw /i hg -\ngeniousexplanationwillbe foundinthePreface to hisfourth yolumeofthe\nRigveda, pp. xxxm. XXXV. ^\n16 Theta—wny: hapildm: accordingto S&yana, —the famous Ri#shi Xapua.\n‘The Sun?* Grassmann. The Mother: Night? Grassmann. Thednfant\ntheyoung Sun,iftheMotheris Niglit. /\n17 Thefattedwether• perhaps, theswollenrain-cloud. Thedic& ^hestars.\nTwo : the SunandMoon. Theseare Ludwig’s suggestions.\n18 They accordingto Sftyana, the Angirases. Perhaps contentious\npriests withwhom Agni the veritable priest is contrasted.^-Lud'wig. He\nsim1 t9 f;A Rt &r ko so hp a: sat she anst dar ss p. iriT th se oF fr di ae rn kd nl ey ssOn te hatI vn ad nr ia shas ^thS eun c. omiEv ni glb oe fin tg hs: e\n20 Bulls steedsaccordingtoSayana. Pramarcfe': belonging to me, the\nDestroyer orDeath. But the whole stanza y/obscure. All-cleansing: so\nS&yana explains marled which von Rothinterp^sby obscuration. Ludwig\nthinks thattheMoon,} {the obscurer ofth^un’ mea^»"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1062,
            "content": "; : : ‘\n420 TEE HYMNS OE [BOOK X.\n21 This is the thunderbolt which often whirleth down from the\nlofty misty realm of S&rya.\nBeyondthis realm there is another glory : so through old age\nthey pass and feel no sorrow.\n22 Boundfastto everytree thecowislowing, and thence the man-\nconsuming birds are hying,\nThen all this world, though pressing juice for Indra and\nstrengtheningthe Rishi, is affrighted.\n23 In the Gods’ mansion'stood the first-created, and from their\nseparation came the later.\nThree warmthe Earth while holding stores of water, andTwo\nof these cCnvey the murmuring moisture.\n21 Thisis thy life : and do thou mark and know it. As such, hide\nnot thyself in time of battle.\nHe manifests the light and hides the vapour : his foot is never\nfreefrom robes that veil it.\nHYMN XXVIII. Indra. Vasukra.\nNow all myother friends are here assembled: my Sire-in-law\nalone hath not come hither.\nSo might he eatthe grain and drink the Soma, and, satisfied,\nreturn unto his dwelling.\n21 Thisisthethunderbolt themeaning, probably is, *—this dahshind or\nhfcporariumgiventothepriestsisaveritablethunderbolt.’ Ludwig. But, as\nWiisonobserves, thestanzamaybe‘intendedtoexpresstheusual theoryof\nrain\n\\\nthemoistureoftheearthbeingdrawnupintothesolarregionasvapour,\nandthencedescendingasrainbytheactionofthethunderbolt andthe wind.’\n22 AccordingtoS&yana, tree here means ‘bow,’ cow means ‘bowstring,’\nand mcw-tionsuming birds *deadly arrows.’ The general meaning is that\nsacrificestoIndraandliberalgiftsto priestswillnotfreemenfromthe fear\nof death.\n23 Thefirst-created the clouds. The later: the Waters of the rain.\nTime Par janya, Vftyu.andAAdit —ya or the Sun. Molding stores —of water:\na ‘n Rd ip ct hfX ih: w* aS to erw .i ’n —g Qi -n ras suc sc me as ns ni .on.’ TwoWi :ls Vo fn t.\nyu\na‘F no dll Ao dw ii tn yag .thewater.’ Ludwig.\n24 Aojbrdingto S&yana, Indra is addressed. The following is Wilson’s\ntranslation0f S^yana’sparaphraseof thestanza That thy (divinenature\nidentifiedHfchthesun)isthecauseof life: andknow such (solar form) of\nh oi fs h( ito mb te hewo ar llt -h ny ieo anf gja jd ngora st ui non) maat ket she ms aac nr ii ff eic se t; tc ho enc uea nl ivn eo rt sh eing it: at bh sa ot rm bo sti to hn\ne\nmoisture ; itisi^verdisc( onti) nued.’ Therobesthatveilthe f; oot, or rays, of\naret}10Watersinto whichtheyaresupposedtovanish.\nThehymn isenigmatical anddifficult in the highest degree, and neither\nS&yananorlaterscho^rshavesucceededinmakingit intelligiblethroughout.\nTheRishiisVasukra s*n 0f Indra, and the hymn is mainly a dialogue\nbetweentheFatherandtheq0n. Vasukra’swifeis the seer as well as the\nspeakerof sfcanza1.\n* Thi^ta ?zak ^P°^eukyVa^ukra’s wife in ignorance, says thelegend,\nthatherIatker-in-law Indraispresentindisguise."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1063,
            "content": "—\n:: :\nEYME 28.] TEE RIGVEDA. 421\n2 Load belloweth the Bull whose horns are sharpened upon\n:\nthe height above earth’s breadth he standeth.\nThat man I guard and save in all his troubles who fills my\nflanks when he hath shed the Soma.\n3 Hen with thestone press out for thee, O Indra, strong, glad-\ndening Soma, and thereof thou drinkest.\nBulls they dress for thee, and of these thou eatest when,\nMaghavan, with food thou art invited.\n4 Resolve forme, 0 singer, this my riddle Theriverssend their\n:\nswelling water backward\nThe fox steals up to the approaching lion the jackal drives\n:\nthe wild-boar from the brushwood. \"\n5 How shall I solve this riddle, I, the simple, declare the\nthought of thee the Wise and Mighty ?\nTell us, well knowing, as befits the season : Whitherward is\nthy prosperous car advancing?\n6 Thusdo they magnify me, me the mighty higher than even.\nIalh lig ah t oh ne ca eve dn emi os lm isy hc ma ar- np yole t. housands\n:\nmy S: ire be3 gotme with\nno foe to match me.\n7 Yea, andthe Godshaveknownme also, Indra, as mighty, fierce\nand strong in every exploit.\nExulting with thebolt IslaughteredYritra, andforthe offerer\noped with might the cow-stall.\n8 The Deities approached, they carried axes; splittingthewood\nthey came with their attendants.\nThey laid good timberinthefire-receivers, andburntthegrass\nup where they found it growing.\n9 The hare hatlh swallowed up the opposing razor I sundered\n:\nwith a clod the distant mountain.\nThe great will I make subject to the little: the calf shallwax\nin strength and eat the bullock.\n2 Indraspeaks. The Bull themighty Indra.\n3 Vasukra speaks.\n4 Indramustbe the speaker, althoughS&yanagives the stanzatoVasukra.\nIndradeclareshis powerto alter the courseof nature. See Wilson’s Trans-\nlation, notebythe Editor.\n5 Vasukraspeaks.\n6 Indraspeaks. My Sire or, thegeneralFatherPraj&pati.\n7 Vasukra speaks, andtells whathehasdonewith Indra’shelp\nP ti hs e8 ch cT e llh e,i as vV io e ndb gis s oc c fu hr e te hS es tt ua cdn liz oe ua n di , ss ,I,p ar p no p db .a tb 1 hl 7 ey 8— fa in l1 l8 ia n0c g.co ou fAn ct tc hoo ef r rdt iih vne eg rG st .o ods JS’ -A m/fi dar w? ? ia gs >a scr ei ef sri ec i*e ne. i i[ t8Se te ao\nreferencetothebeginning of agriculture. Their • theMaruts.\n9 Cf. withstanza 4."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1064,
            "content": ": ! : ;\n422 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n10 There hath the strong-winged eagle left his talon, as a snared\nlion leaves the trap that caught him.\nEven the wild steer inhisthirstiscaptured\n:\ntheleatherstrap\nstill holds his foot entangled.\n11 So may theleather strap their foot entangle whofattenon the\nviands of the Brahman.\nThey all devour.the bulls set free to wander,whilethey them-\nselves destroy their bodies’ vigour.\n12 They were well occupied with holy duties who sped in person\nwith their lauds to Soma.\nSpeaking like man, mete to us wealth and booty : in heaven\nthouhastr>the name and fame of Hero.\nHYMN XXIX.\nIndra.\nAs sits the young bird on the tree rejoicing, ye, swift Fair,\nhave been roused by clear laudation,\nWhose Herald-PriestthroughmanydaysisIndra,earth’sGuar-\ndian, Friend of men, the best of Heroes.\n2 May we, when this Hawn and the next dance hither, be thy\nbest servants, most heroic Hero\nLet the victorious car with triple splendour bring hitherward\nthe hundred chiefs with Kutsa.\n3 Whatwas the gladdening draught that pleased thee, Indra?\nSpeed through our doors to songs, for thou artmighty.\nWhy comestthoutome, what gift attracts thee1 Faia would\nI bring thee food most meet to offer.\n4 Indra, whatfame hath one like thee mid heroes? With what\nplan wilt thouact? Why hast thou sought us?\nAs a true Friend, Wide-Strider to sustain us, since food\n!\nabsorbs the thought of each among us. *\ns ^hi1 e0 aT ndhe tha epp fl oi lc la ot wi io nn gof vet rh si es is sta en nz ta iri es ln yot dia fp fp ea rr ene tnt f. roS m&y ta hn aa t’s ofex mp ola sn tat ri eo cn eno tf\nscholars.\nI ^hemeaning of thestanzaisobscure,andthetextof the first half-line\nis unintelligible. I follow the reading which S&yana gives in his Com-\nmentary,vdyoinsteadvdy6. ‘As (thebird)w —ho deposits its young (in its\n^. \\est) Dain nct ehe hit tr he ee r(is o) r,ea cg oe mrl ey dal no co ik ni gn .gar Co pu .nd M. i’ ltoW ni ’l ss ‘o Nn. owS tw hi eft brP ia gi htr moA rs nv ii nn gs -.\n^^’sday’s harbinger, Comes dancing from the east.’ Triple splendour;\nwithreferencetoAgni, Vityu,andShrya.—Ludwig. Hundredchiefs:\nthe may be intended, ‘hundred’ being used indefinitely. Kutsa\nIndras iav^m£ ecompanion.\n4 Indrais thatthe protection of his worshippers is his special\ni*n° gr+ t’ oSayana. i'boh^a ts heid hen yti mf nie ad pw pi et ah rst th oe hS au vn e; be‘ ew nid 4e sl ey enre *no ow rn re ed v, e’ ala ec dco ir nd- a\ntimeof dearthorfamihv* Ludwig,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1065,
            "content": ": ; :: : ;\nMYMN 30.] THE MOVED A. 423\n5 Speed happily those, as Surya euds his journey, who meet his\nwish as bridegrooms meet their spouses\nMen who present, 0Indrastrongbynature, withfoodthe many\nsongs that tell thy praises.\n6 Thine are two measures, Indra, wide, well-meted, heaven for\nthy majesty, earth for thy wisdom.\nHere for thy choice are Somas mixed with butter may the\n:\nsweet raeath be pleasant for thydrinking.\n7 They have poured out a bowl to him, to Indra, full of sweet\njuice, for faithful is his bounty.\nO’er earth’s expanse hath he grown great by wisdom, the\nFriend of man, and by heroic exploits.\n8 Indra hath conquered in his wars, the Mighty men strive in\n:\nmultitudes to win his friendship.\nAscend thy chariot as it were in battle, which thou shalfc\ndrive to us with gracious favoui\\\nHYMN- XXX. Waters.\nAs ’twere withswiftexertion of the spirit, let the priest speed\nto the celestial Waters,\nTheglorious food of Yaruna andMitra. To him who spreadeth\nfar this laud I offer.\n2 Adhvaryus, be ye ready with oblations, and come with long-\ning to the longing Waters,\nDown on which looks the purple-tinted Eagle. Pour ye that\nflowing wave this day, deftdiauded.\n3 Go to the x'eservoir, 0 ye Adhvaryus : worship the Waters1\nChild with your oblations.\nA consecrated wave he now will give you, so press for him the\nSoma rich'*in sweetness.\n5 Meet Mswish satisfyhis, Indra’s, longingfor Soma-libations.\n6 Thineare twomeasures Thy majesty orgreatness is vast and lofty as\nh ae na dve tn h, ea tn hid ngth my eaw si us rd eo d,m ’is thw oi ude haa ss te mar et ah su;ro er d, o‘w ui tt th heco hn ef au vs ei non bo yf tt hh ye gm re eaa ts nu er se\ns\nand theearthbythywisdom. BeeWallis, Cosmology of theRigveda p. 18.\n,\nThesubjectistheceremonyoffetchingthe sacred waters required forthe\npreparationoftheSomajuice.\nMm\n1 To whospreadethfar Indra, according to S&yana.\n2 Thepurple-tintedEagle Soma, theMoon,\n3 To thereservoir to fetchthe holy Waters. The Waters' Child• usually\nAgm, asthelightningthatsprings from the clouds or waters of the firma-\nment, buthere the Deity who produces therain, theMoon. See Hillebrandfc,\nV. M., I. 374."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1066,
            "content": "— — —\n: : :: : : :\nX\n424 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK\n4 He who shines bright in floods, unfed with fuel, whom sages\nworship at their sacrifices\nGive waters rich in sweets, Child of the Waters, even those\nwhich gave heroic might to Indra\n5 Those in which Soma joys and is delighted, as a young man\nwith fair and pleasant damsels.\nGo thou untothoseWaters, 0Adhvaryu, andpurify with herbs\nwhat thouinfusest.\n6 So maidens bow before the youthful gallantwho comes with\nlove to them who yearn to meet him.\nIn heartaccordant andinwish one-minded are the Adhvaryus\nandthe heavenly Waters.\n7 He who made room for you when fast imprisoned, who freed\nyou from the mighty imprecation,\nEven to that Indra send the meath-richcurrent, the wavethat\ngratifies the Gods, 0 Waters.\n8 Send forth to him the meath-rich wave, 0 Eivers, which is\nyour offspring and a wellof sweetness,\nOil-balmed, to be implored at sacrifices. Ye wealthy Waters,\nhearmine invocation.\n9 Send forth the rapture-giving wave, 0 Eivers, which Indra\ndrinks, which sets the Twain in motion;\nThe well that springeth from the clouds, desirous, that\nwandereth triple-formed, distilling transport.\n10 These winding Streams which with their double current, like\ncattle-raiders, seekthe lower pastures,\nWaterswhichdwelltogether, thrive together, Queens, Mothers\nof the world, these, Eishi, honour.\n11 Send forth our sacrifice with holy worship,, send forth the\nhymn andprayer for gain ofriches.\nFor need of sacrifice disclose the udder. Give gracious hear-\ning to our call, 0 Waters.\n4 Infloods of theaerialocean. Cp.II. 35. 4.\n5 Withkerbs probablyDarbha orKusagrass.\n6 TheWatersbowtoSomaasmaidens totheirlovers.\n9 TheTwain: uWU: probably, Heavenand Earth. S^yanaexplains dif-\nferently : ewhichsendsusboth(kindsoffruit)*;thatis, *thef— ruit, whether\nrewardorpunishment, ofthepresentlife, and ofaformerlife/ \"Wilson,and\nEditor’snote. Desirous eagertomixwiththeSoma, according toS&yana\nbutthemeaningofaitsinamisuncertain. LudwigandHillebrandttranslatej\ni wt itb hy' td we os adU ms ia xn ta us r, e’ s.b —el Go rn ag si sn mg ant no .Usanasor UsanA Triple-formed: Soma\n10 Double current meaning, probably, the twokinds ofwaters called\nrespectivelyEkadhan&andVasativari.\n11 Disclosetheudder letyourstreamsflow."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1067,
            "content": "HYMN 31.] THE MOVED A. 425\n12 For, wealthy Waters, ye control all treasures ye bring\n:\nauspicious intellect and Amrit.\nYe are the Queens of independent riches. Sarasvati give full\nlife to thesinger !\n13 When I behold the Waters cominghither, carrying with them\nmilk and meath and butter,\nBearing the well-pressed Somajuice to Indra, they harmonize\nin spirit with Adhvaryus.\n14 JEticb, they are come with wealth for living beings. 0 friends,\nAdhvaryus, seat them in their places.\nSeat them on holy grass, ye Soma-bringers, in harmony with\nthe Offspring of the Waters. <*\n15 Now to this grass are come the longing Waters the Pious\n:\nOnes are seated at our worship;\nAdhvaryus, press the Soma juice forIndra so will the service\n:\nof the Gods be easy.\nHYMN XXXI. Visvedevas.\nMay benediction of the Gods approach us, holy, to aid uswith\nall rapid succours.\nTherewithmaywe be happilybefriended, andpass triumphant\nover all our troubles.\n2 A man should think on wealthand strive towin it by adora-\ntion on the path of Order,\nCounsel himself with his own mental insight, and grasp still\nnobler vigour with his spirit.\n3 The hymn is formed, poured are the allotted portions : as to\na ford friends come unto the Wondrous.\nWe have obtained the power of ease .and comfort, we have\nbecome acquainted with Immortals,\n4 Pleased be theEternal Lordwho loves the household withthis\nman whom God Savitar created.\nMay Bhaga Aryaman grace him with cattle may he appear\n;\nto him, and be, delightful.\n5 Like the Dawns’ dwelling-place be this assembly, where in\ntheir might men rich in food have gathered,\n12 Sarasvati: as chiefandwisestofthe Water-Goddesses.\n1 Benediction: or,thelaudation;thatis, Ludwigsuggests, 1Maythepower\nofpraisingthe Gods, andatthesametimetheGodsthemselvescometous/\n3 The Wondrous .* meaning, perhaps. Soma.\n4 TheEternal Lord : Agni. Accordingto Sdyana, Prajdpati. Thisman ;\ntheinstitutorof thesacrifice. Savitar has given himlife andnowletAgni\nblesshim. BhagaAryaman ; Aryaman asBhaga who distributeswealth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1068,
            "content": ": : :\n426 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\nStriving to share the praises of this singer. To us com©\nstrengthening and effectual riches !\n6 This Ball’s most gracious far-extended favour existed first of 4\nall in full abundance. ,;\nBy his support they are maintained in common who in the\nAsura’s mansion dwell together.\n7 What was the tree, what wood, in sooth, produced it, from\nwhich they fashioned forth the Earth and Heaven %\nThese Twain stand fast and wax not old for ever : these have\nsung praise to many a day and morning.\n8 Hot only here is this : more is beyond us. He is the Bull,\nthe Heaven's and Earth’ssupporter.\nWith power divine he makes his skin a filter, when the Bay\nCoursers bear him on as Surya.\n9 He passes o’er the broad earth like a Stega : he penetrates the\nworldas Wind the mist-cloud.\nHe, balmed withoil, near Varnna and Mitra, like Agni in the\nwood, hath shot forth splendour.\n10 When suddenly calved the cow that erst was barren, she,\nself-protected, ended all her troubles.\nEarth, when the first son sprang from sire and mother, cast\nup the Sami, that which men were seeking.\n11 To Hrishad’s son they gave the name of Kanva, and he the\nbrown-hued courser won the treasure.\nFor him dark-coloured streamed the shining udder none\n:\nmade it swell for him. Thus Order willed it.\n6 ThisBull Aguiasthe Sun. The Asurais Dyaus.\n8 Notonlyhere thefirsthalf-linei—s obscure. *Hotsuch (istheir power);\nthereis another great—er than they.’ Wilson. (There is no other thing\nbesideslikeuntohim.’ Wallis. A filter: pavltram;cvhichpurifies therays\nof lightwhichstreamthroughit.\n9 A Stega saidtobe a certain biting or stinging insect. According to\nS&yana,‘theaggregation of rays,theSun.1 Ludwigconjecturesthat‘plough-\nshare’ maybethemeaning.\n10 Thisstanzaisveryobscure. fThecow whichwas barren is the Sami\ntree, which bringsforththeAsioattha and from the woodof these two trees\npa rre odm ua cd ee tht ehe saa cr ra en dt\n}\nfit rh e—e t tw ho eup pi pe ece rs ano, df hw ao ro dd erw ph ii ec ceh isar te heru Sb ab me id (t to h—g eet Ah ce ar cit ao\nSuma),andthel—owerandsoftis theAsioattha(theFicusreligiosa).’ Wilson.\n1The verses[7 10]dealwiththeformationof thethreemaincomponents\nof theuniverse,heaven, earth, andthesun. Of the first two the poet has\nlittletotell us. andpasses on at once to the third. The sun is identified\nwiththebull, Aguiof thesacrifice, andthe earth with the lower rubbing-\nust pi ’ck ]a asno si on ot ned asw fi it reh^ isg sh te re u, ck.w ’h —ic Wh alli is s,li Cc oke sd molu op gy[ o‘ fde tv ho eu Rr is g\" vei dns ate pa pd o 47f ,‘ 4c 8a .st\n\\\n11 Thisstanzaappearstohavenoconnexionwith thehymn, ,and is inex-\nplicableasitstandshere. See I. 117. 8, where the son of Hrishad is men- 1\ntioneaasafavouriteof theAsvins,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1069,
            "content": "— —\n: : : : : ; :\nHYMN 32.] THE MG VET)A. 427\nHYMN XXXII. I»dra.\nForth speed the Pair to bring the meditating God, benevolent\nwith boons sent in return for boons.\nMay Iudra graciously accept both gifts from as, when he hath\nknowledge of the flowing Soma juice.\n2 Thou wauderest far, 0 Indra, through the spheres oflightand\nrealms of earth, the region, thou whom many praise !\nLet those who often bring thee to their solemn rites conquer\nthe noisy babblers who present no gifts.\n3 More beautiful than beauty must this seem to me, when the\nson duly careth for his parents’ line. ^\nThe wife attracts the husband with a shout of joy the man’s\n:\nauspicious marriage is performed aright.\n4 This beauteous place of meeting have I looked upon, where,\nlike milch-cows, the kine order the marriage train\nWhere the Herd’s Mother counts as first and best of all, and\nround her are the seven-toned people of the choir. 4\n5 The Pious One hath reached your place before the rest : One\nonly moves victorious with the Budras’ band.\nTo these your helpers pour out meath, Immortal Oods, with\nwhom your song of praise hath power to win their gifts.\n6 He who maintains the Laws of Gods informed me that thou\nwast lying hidden in the waters.\nIndra, who knoweth well, beheld and showed thee. By him\ninstructed am I come, 0 Agni.\n7 The stranger asks the way of him who knows it: taught by\nthe skilful guide he travels onward.\n1 Themeditating God Indra. My version of the first line follows the\nexplanation givenby Ludwig in his Commentary. S&yaua’s interpretation\ni (s wod ri sf hf ie pr pe en rt ): exc pI en cd tr aa nts {e on fds hishi~ —.-r!: r -vr W.\"\n.\nhr.rse Bs ott ho gt ih fe ts:ser ov bi lc ae tioof\nn\nat nh de\npraise.\nS&Z yanGa are et xh plf ao ir nsh ,is bp yare hn at vs i' nl gine hi: sb by irm tharr pry oi cn lg aia mn ed\nd\nb ae cc coo rm di in ng ga tf oat ch ue sr t;omor ia ns\nsacrificesinstituted byhim. «\n4 Order the marriage train the meaning of this half-line is uncertain.\nAccording to S&yana, the herd is the company of sacrifioers and priests, its\nm seo at sh oe nr s,is orSf tcu ht ei Ho or tP ar rai ps re i, est tsh .ese Tv he en- Ht eo rn de 'd s, o Mr os te hv ee rnf io sld m, orar ee pt rh oe bam be lt yre Ps r, iso mr ,t th he e\nmotherof the Maruts. The wholestanzais translated by Wilson : Shine,\nIndra, upon this elegant chamber of sacrifice, when ourpraises desire (thy\napproach) asmilch-kine (desire)theirstalls since the praise of me the wor-\nshipperprecedes(theadoration) of thecomp;any, andthispersonaccompanied\nbytheseven officiating priestsistheoffererof praise.’\n5 ThePious One Agni,thespecialworshipperof Cods. Oneonly Indra.\nfi He perhaps Soma. Thou Agni. Cp. I. 23. 20,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1070,
            "content": ": ! : :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOKX 1\n42$\nThis is, in truth, the blessingof instruction : hefindsthepaffe^\nthat leads directly forward.\n8 Evennowhebreathed thesedayshathheremembered. Cor^*\n:\ncealed, he sucked thebosom of his Mother.\nYet in his youth old age hath come upon him : hehathgrown\ngracious, good, and free from anger.\n9 0 Kalasa, all these blessings will we bring them, 0 Kurusra-\nvana, who give rich presents.\nMay he, 0 wealthy princes, andthis Somawhich Iambearing\nin my heart, reward you.\n< HYMN XXXIII. VariousDeities.\nThe urgiugs of the people have impelled me, andbythenear-\nest way I bring you Pushan.\nThe Universal Gods have brought me safely. The cry was\nheard, Behold, Duhsasucometh\n2 The ribs that compass me give pain and trouble me like rival\nwives.\nIndigence, nakedness, exhaustion press me sore: my mind is\nfluttering like a bird’s.\n3 As rats eat weavers’ threads, cares are consuming me, thy\nsinger, Satakratu, me.\nHave mercy on us once, 0 Indra, Bounteous Lord be thou a\n:\nFather unto us.\n4 I the priests’ Hisbi chose as prince mostliberal Kurusravana,\nThe son of Trasadasyu’s son,\nwe8 enE sv te an nzn ao sw 1h —e 4br ae na dth 5ed —8b ie sg na on tt ao pps ah ro ew nts .ign Ss uo cf kel dife t. h$bT oh se omc oo fnn Ue sxi Mo on thb ee rt-\nenjoyedoblations,in theshapeof Somajuice, etc.,producedbythe earth.\n9 ThemeaningofAate,literally 'pitcher' or *beaker/ hereisuncertain.\n(Indra), the possessor—of the pitchers.’—Wilson. Ludwig suggests kaldsoh\nmas i.nu* th ee stri dg eh tt ailr se /adi Kng ur: us* rW ave anw ail :l ap ce cr orf do ir nm gt tohe Ss &e yah no al ,y 'c he er ae rm eo rn oi fes thi en prt ah ie si er\nof priests ; butprobablythenameof aprince,asinthefollowinghymn.\n1 Huhsdsu: literally, ‘the malevolent/ Perhaps, as Ludwig suggests a\nh to is ot ni el de mpri tn hc ee fw oh lo los we inv gic st to ar ny zao .ver Kurusravana has caused the distress men-\n2 ThefirstlineistakenfromI. 105. 8.\ni mn it wr r^ ^h 'lS -f Li urS dt wig6 210S4ya9f ar \"om °** nc1 e0 :5 * <5 a- fteW re ha av ve irs a' g8t 0hr oe fa td es\nn\nSt ih vr ee aad us sst Ue Pepe td\no\n, 4 Priests' •' h mig .he tr erin iara on rdk et rh ta 0n st °he ouo tth te 0r bp ar ti te ls ets w. ithChose: i.e. •I\ni"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1071,
            "content": ": :: ,\nHYMN 34.] THE RIGVEDA. 429\n5 Whose three bays harnessed to the car bear me straight on-\nward : I will laud\nThe giver of a thousand meeds,\n6 The sire of Upamasravas, even him whose words were passing\nsweet,\nAs a fair field is to its lord.\n7 Mark, Upamasravas, his son, mark, grandson of Mitratithi\nI am thy father’seulogist. :\n8 If I controlled Immortal Gods, yea, even were I Lord of men,\nMy liberal prince were living still.\n9 N one lives, even had he hundred lives, beyond the statute of\nthe Gods\nSoam I part: ed from my friend.\nHYMN XXXIV. Bice, Etc.\nSprung from tall trees on windy heights, these rollers trans-\nport me as they turn upon the table.\nBearer to me the die that never slumbers than the deep\ndraughtof Mujavan’s own Soma.\n2 Shenevervexedme norwas angrywith me, buttomy friends\nand me was ever gracious.\nForthe die’ssake, whose singlepoint isfinal, mine own devot-\ned wife I alienated.\n3 My wife holds me aloof, her mother hates me ; the wretched\nman finds none to give him comfort.\nAs of acostlyhorse grown oldandfeeble, I find not anyprofit\nof the gamester.\n4 Others caress the wife of him whose richesthe die hath covet-\ned, that rapid*courser\n6 This andthethreefollowing stanzas are said to be consolatory verses\naddressedbytheRishi Kavashato Upamasravas on thedeath of his father\nMitr&tithi.\n8 WereILordof men as oneof theGods. My liberalprince: Mitr&tifcbi.\n9 Beyondthestatuteof the Gods beyond the time fixed for the duration\nof hislife.\nThis hymnhas beenplacedby Grassmann in bisAppendix as a composite\nproduction consistingofincoherentfragments. SeeLanman,SanskritReader\npp. 386, 389.\n1 Sprungfromtalltrees: the nuts of theVibbtdaka, or, later,Vibhitaka,\ntree (Terminalia Bellerica) were used as dice in early times. Rollers :\nswiftlyrolling dice. MUjavdn: said to be a mountain onwhich the finest\nSomaplantsgrew.\n2 Whosesinglepointisfinal: thespeakerhasapparently lostallby throw-\ningaces."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1072,
            "content": ": : : ; .\n430 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\nOf him apeak father, mother, brothers saying, We know him\n.\nnot bind him and take him with yon.\n:\n5 When I resolve to play with these no longer, my friends\ndepart from me and leave me lonely.\nWhen the brown dice, thrown on the board, haverattled, like\na fond girl I seek the place ofmeeting.\n6 The gamester seeks the gambling-house, and wonders, his\nbody all afire, Shall I be lucky?\nStill do the dice extend his eager longing, staking his gains\nagainst his adversary,\n7 Dice, verily, are armed with goads and driving-hooks, deceiv-\ning andrtormenting, causing grievous woe.\nThey give frail gifts and then destroy the man who wins,\nthicklyanointed with the player’s fairest good.\n8 Merrily sports their troop, the three-and-fifty, like Savitar\nthe Ood whose ways are faithful.\nThey bend not even to the mighty’s anger : the King himself\npays homage and reveres them.\n9 Downward they roll, and then spring quickly xipward, and,\nhandless, force the man with hands to serve them.\nCastonthe board, like lumps of magic charcoal, though cold\nthemselves they burn the heart to ashes.\n10 The gambler’s wife is left forlorn and wretched : the mother\nmourns the son who wanders homeless.\nIn constant fear, in debt, and seeking riches, he goes by\nnight unto the home of others.\n11 Sad is thegambler when he seesa matron, another’s wife, and\nhis well-ordered dwelling.\nHe yokes the brown steeds in the early morning, and when\nthe fire is cold sinks down an outcast.\n4 Bindhim hehasstakedhispersonal freedom, andlost; andhispeople\nrenouncehim.\n7 Driving-hooks: usedbymahoutsorelephant-drivers. Thelast half—-lineof\nthestanzaisdifficult:—‘theyappeartothegamblercoveredwithhoney,' Muir.\n8 Three-and-fifty: or, 1-1 five in number. It would appear\nfromS&yana’s Oommentai . ’ V wastheusual numberof dice em-\nployed\n;\nandyetthisseemshardly probable. Ludwig suggests ‘three times\nfive’ as the^meaning here of tripaneMsdh, and Prof. Weber would read\ntripanchamhinstead oftripanohdsah(Ueber—denRdjasdya,p,72). LikeSavitar;\n<[disposingmen’sdestinies]likethe*godS.’ Muir.\n10 Riches wealthgainedbyrobbery, accordingto Sdyana,\n11 Yokesthebrownsteeds beginsthrowingthenut-dice.* When the fireis\ncold *b —ythe time when the fire goes out he has sunk into a degraded\nwretch.’ Muir."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1073,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN THE MOVED\n35,] A. 431\n12 To the great captain of your mighty army, who hath become\nthe host’s imperial leader,\nTo him I show my ten extended fingers I speak the truth.\nNo wealth am I withholding. :\n13 Play not with dice: no, cultivate thy corn-land. Enjoy the\ngain, and deem that wealth sufficient.\nThere are thy.cattle, there thy wife, 0 gambler. So this good\nSavitar himself hath told me.\n14 Make me your friend : show us some little mercy. Assail us\nnot with your terufic fierceness.\nAppeased be your malignity and anger, and let the brown\ndice snare some other captive. *\nHYMN XXXV.\nVisvedevas.\nThese fires associate with Indra are awake, blunging their\nlight when first the Dawn begins to shine.\nMay Heaven and Earth, great Pair, observe our holy work.\nWe claim for us this day the favour of the Gods.\n2 Yea, for ourselves we claim the grace of Heaven and Earth,\nof Saryan&vgUi, of the Hills and Mother Streams.\nFor innocence we pray to Surya and to Dawn. So may the\nflowing Soma bring us bliss to-day.\n3 May the great Twain, the Mothers, Heaven and Earth, this\nday preserve us free from sin for peace and happiness.\nMay Morning sending forth her light drive sin afar. We pray\nto kiudled Agni for felicity.\n4 May this first Dawn bring us the host of gracious Gods :\nrich, may it richly shine for us who strive for wealth.\nThe wrath of the malignant may we keep afar. We pray to\nkindled Agni for felicity.\n5 Dawns, who come forward with the bright beams of the Sun,\nand at your earliest flushing bring to us the light,\n12 Thegreatcaptain: thehighest-numberedof all the dice. Tenfingers:\ntoshowthat I havenothingleft.\n14 ThisstanzaisafarewelladdresstotheDice. Someother ourenemy.\nSflyana.\nThehymnorlay has been transliterated, translated in prose, and freely\nrepr—oducedinrhymedoctosyllabic verse, byDr. J. Muir, <9. S . Texts , V,\n425 429. Ithas alsobeentranslated by theauthorsof the SiebenzigLieder.\n1 With Indra as a Godof themorninglight.\n2 Of Saryandvdn, of theHills according to S&yana, 1of themountainsof\nSary&n&van/ a lake in the district of Kurukshetra. I follow Ludwig in\ntakingbothparvatdnand saryan&vatahasgenitives.\n5 Your : accordingto thetext 1their/ the verbinthefirst line being in\nthethird person."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1074,
            "content": "—\n: !\n432 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.J\nShine ye on us to-day auspicious, for renown. We pray to\nkindled Agni for felicity.\n6 Free from all sickness may the Mornings come to us, and let\nourfires mount upward with a lofty blaze.\nTheAsvin Pair have harnessed their swift-moving car. We\npray to kindled Agni for felicity,\n7 Send us to-day aportion choice and excellent, 0 Savitar, for\nthou art he who dealeth wealth.\nI cry to Dhishan4, Mother of opulence,. We pray to kindled\nAgni for felicity.\n8 Further me this declaring of Eternal Law, the Law of Gods,\nas we mortals acknowledge it\nThe Sun goes up beholding all the rays of morn. We pray to\nkindled Agni for felicity.\n9 This day we pray with innocence in strewing grass, adjusting\npressing-stones, and perfecting the hymn.\nThou in the A-dityas' keeping movest restlessly. We pray to\nkindled Agni for felicity.\n10 To our great holy grass I bid the Gods at morn to banquet,\nand will seatthem as the seven priests,\nVaruna, Indra, Mitra, Bhaga for our gain. We pray to kindl-\ned Agni forfelicity.\n11 Come hither, 0 Adityas, foronr perfect weal accordant help\n:\nour sacrifice thatwe may thrive.\nPushan, Brihaspati, Bhaga, both Asvins, and enkindled Agni\nwe implore for happiness.\n12 Adityas, Gods, vouchsafe that this our hom$ may be praise-\nworthy, prosperous, our heroes' sure defence,\nFor cattle, for our sons, for progeny, for life. We pray to\nkindled Agni for felicity.\n13 This day may all the Maruts, all be near us with aid : may\nall our fires be well enkindled.\nMay all Gods come to us with gracious favour. May spoil and\nwealth be ours, and all possessions.\n7 Dhishand a Goddesswhopresides over prosperity: accordinbgto Hille-\nbraudt,theEarth.\n8 Furtherme : 1Maythat glorifica—tion of the gods which men repeat in\nconnexionwiththeritepreserveme.’ Wilson.\n9 Movestrestlessly: performestthyduties, according to S&v*ana. AeSnira-\npidlyburningthefuelappearstobeintended. ‘"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1075,
            "content": "—\n;\nHYMN 36.] THE RIGVEDA . 433\n14 He whom ye aid, 0 Deities, in battle, whom ye protect and\nrescue from affliction, —\nWho fears no danger at your milk-libation, such may we be\nto feast the Gods, ye Mighty.\nHYMN XXXYI. _\nVisvedeva#.\nThere are the Dawn and Night, the grand and beauteous\nPair, Earth, Heaven, and Yaruna, Mitra, and Aryaman.\nIndra I call, the Maruts, Mountains, and theFloods, Adityas,\nHeaven and Earth, the Waters, and the Sky.\n2 May Dyaus and Prithivi, wise, true to Holy Law, keep us in\nsafety from distress and injury.\nLet not malignant Nirriti rule over us. We crave to-day this\ngracious favour of the Gods.\n3 Mother of Mitra and of opulent Yaruna, may Aditi preserve\nus safe from all distress.\nMay we obtain the light of heaven without a foe7 YYe <\nthis graciousfavour of the Godsto-day.\n4 May ringing press-stones keep the Rakshasas afar, ill dream,\nand Nirriti, and each voracious bend.\nMay the Adityas and the Maruts shelter us. We crave this\ngracious favour ofthe Gods to-day.\n5 Full flow libations on our grass let Indra sit; Erihaspati the\n;\nsinger land with Sama hymns\nWise be our hearts’ imaginings th! at we may live. We crave\nthis gracious favour of the Gods to-day.\n6 Ye Asvins, make our sacrifice ascend to heaven, and animate\nthe rite thatit may send us bliss,\nWe\nOffered with holy oil, with forward-speeding rein. crave\nthe gracious favour of the Gods to-day.\n7 Hither I call the band of Maruts, swift to hear, great, purify-\ning, bringing bliss, to be our Frieuds.\nMay we increase our wealth to glorify our name. We crave\nthis gracious favour of the Gods to-day.\n8 We bring the Stay of Life, who makes the watersdwell, swift-\nhearing, Friend of Gods, who waits on sacrifice.\n14 Whofearsnodanger\n*\nwhofeelsassured thathip-worship of the Gods\nwillprotecthim.\n1 The Waters: of thefirmament.\n2 Dyaus andPrithivi Heavenand^arfck. Nirriti: Death orDestruction.\nS&y8 apW a.ho ‘m Da rk ie ns keth re ow fat te hr esswell :jt—fw Lm u, dp wi ir g.um : So‘ mpr aot isec mt eo ar nto .f t Sh ee ew Ia Xte ,i' 7S 6. .’\n4.\n28"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1076,
            "content": "434 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK X;\n9\nWe\nMay we control thatPower, Soma whoserays are bright.\ncrave this gracious favour of the Gods to-day.\nAlive ourselves, with living sons, devoid of guilt, may we win\nthis with winners by fair means to win.\nLet the prayer-haters bear our sin to every side. We crave\nthis gracious favour of the Gods to-day.\n10 Fear us, 0 ye who claim the worship of mankind, and give*\"\"8'\nus, 0 ye Gods, the gift for which we pray,\nVictorious wisdom, fame with heroes and with wealth. We\ncrave to-day this gracious favour of the Gods.\n11 We crave the gracious favour of the Gods to-day, great favour\nof great Gods, sublime and free from foes.\nThat we mar y gain rich treasure sprung from hero sons. We\ncrave this gracious favour of the Gods to-day.\n12 In great enkindled Agni’s keeping, and, for bliss, free from all\nsin before Mitra and Varuna,\nMaywe share Savitar’s best animating help. We crave this\ngracious favour of the Gods to-day.\n13 All ye, the Gods whom Savitar the Father of truth, and Va-\nruna and Mitra govern,\nGive us prosperity with hero children, and opulence in kine\nand various treasure.\n14 Savitar, Savitar from east and westward, Savitar, Savitar\nfrom north and southward,\nSavitar ^nd us perfect health and comfort, Savitar let our\ndays of life be lengthened i\nHYMN XXXVII. S&rya.\nDo homage unto Varuna’s and Mitra’s Eye : offer this solemn\nworship to the Mighty God,\nWho seeth far away, the Ensign, born of (Sods. Sing praises\nunto Surya, to the Son of Dyaus.\n2 May this my truthful speech guard me on every side, wher-\neverheaven and earth and days are spread abroad.\nAll else that is in motion finds a place of rest: the waters\neverflow and ever mounts the Sun.\n3 No godless man from time remotest draws thee down when\nthou artdriving forth with winged dappled Steeds.\nOne lustre waits hpon theemovingtotheeast,and, Surya, thou\narisest with a different light. *\nva1 runV aar au nn da As ga mn .d —M Ii .tr 1a 1' 5s .1E .ye: S —urya or the Sun. ‘The eye of Mitra\n1153 .D 5a ,pp al ne dd ASt ie te ad rs ey: a‘ 'w Bi rt dh hnE it aa ns aa }g/ III.Lu 4.dw 44i .g. ‘OO nn ee al nu cst ir ee n:\nt\nb ry adn ii ag nh ct e. foC lif o. wI &. ^"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1077,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 37.] THE RIGVEDA. 435\n4 0 Surya, with the light whereby thou scatterest gloom, and\nwith thy ray impellest every moving thing,\nKeep far from us all feeble, worthless sacrifice, and drive away\ndisease and every evil dream.\n5 Sent'forth thou guardest well the Universe’s law, and in thy\nwonted way arisest free from wrath.\nWhen Surya, we address our prayers to thee to-day, may the\nGods favour this our purpose and desire.\n6 This invocation, these our words mayHeaven andEarth, and\nIndra and the Waters and the Maruts hear.\nNe’er may we suffer want in presence of the Sun, and, living\nhappy lives, may we attain old age. *\n7 Cheerful in spirit, evermore, and keen of sight, with store\nof children, free from sickness and from sin,\nLong-living, maywelook, 0 Surya, upon thee uprisin.. g day by\nday, thou great as Mitra is !\n8 Sftrya, may we live long and look uponthee still, thee, 0 Far-\nseeing One, bringing the glorious light,\nThe radiant God, the spring of joy to every eye, as thou art\nmounting up o’er the high shining flood.\n9 Thou by whose lustre all the world of life comes forth, and by\nthy beams again returns unto its rest,\n0 Surya with the golden hair, ascend for us day after day,\nstill bringing purer innocence.\n10 Bless us with shine, bless us w-:ch perfect daylight, bless us\nwith cold, with fervent he*^ lustre.\nBestow on us, 0 Surya, varied riches, to bless us in our home\nand when we travel.\n11 Gods, toourlivkigcreaturesofbothkinds vouchsafeprotection,\nboth to bipeds\"and to quadrupeds,\nThat they may drink and eat invigorating food. So grant us\nhealthaud strength and perfect innocence.\n12 If by somegrievous sin we have provoked the Gods, O Deities,\nwiththe tongue or thoughtlessness of heart.\nThat guilt, 0 Yasus, lay upon the Evil One, on him who ever\nleads us into deep distress.\n(thee) whilst thou risest with another.’—-Wilson. SeeWallis, Cosmologyof\nthe R^gveda,p, 117. —\n5 In thywontedway : svadhddnu : {aftertheswadhdofferings.* Wilson.\n8 Flood orfloor ofheaven.\n12 The Evil One: drdvd here probably a kind of Diabolus or Devil,—\nLudwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1078,
            "content": "— —\n::\n436 T8E KYMNS OF [BOOK X\nHYMN XXXYIIL\nIndra.\n0 Indra, in this battle great and glorious, in this loud din of\nwar help us to victory,\nWhere in the strife for kine among bold ring-decked men\narrows fly all around and heroes are subdued.\n2 Athome disclose to us opulence rich in food, streaming with\nmilk, 0 Indra, meet to be renowned.\nSakra, maywe be thine, the friendly Conqueror's even as we\n;\ndesire, 0 Vasu, so do thou. 1\n3 The godless man, much-lauded Indra, whether he be D&sa or\nbe A.rya, who would war withus,\nEasy to conquerhe forthee, withus, these foes : with thee may\nwe subdue them in the clash of fight.\n4 Him who must beinvoked by many and by few, who standeth\nnigh with comfort in the war of men,\nIndra, famed Hero, winner in the deadly strife, let us bring\nhitherward to-day to favourus.\n5 For, Indra, Ihave heard thee called Self-capturer, One, Steer\n!\n-who never yields, who urges even the churl.\nBeleas& sthyselffrom Kutsa and come hither. How shallone\nliketh§o.fdt still bound that he may not move ?\nHYMN XXXIX.\nAsvins.\n.\nAs 51were thename otfather, easy to invoke, we all assembled\n.\nhere invoke this Carbf yours,\nAsvitis, your swiftly-rollingcircumambient Car which he who\nworships must invoke at evv^nd dawn,\nx\n2 Awake all pleasant strainsand lettbehymns flow forth : raise\nup abundant fulness : this is our dfe^ire.^\nAsvins, bestow on us a glorious heritage, apd give our princes\ntreasure fair as Soma is. ' *\n1 King-decked adornedwitharmlets, orquoitsasweapons.\n5 Self-capturer itisdifficulttoassign areasonableandappropriatemean*\ni hn ig mst eo lfsv ;a ’vr 'i sj ea lm f. mutS i& ly ata on ra .’e—xpl Wa ii ln ss oni .t by Acs cv oa ry da im ngev ta och th he ett Sd tr .an Pi e, t* eo rn se buw rh go Lec xu it -s\nc Lo un d, wt ih ge *m te ha eni sen lg f-ris es‘ co uen re ,’w ah no da ap cp cr oo rp dri ia nt ge ts oo Gr elt da nk ees rt fo onhi ems we hl of ; s’ ufa fc ec rsor hd ii mn sg elto\nf\ntobecaptured.’ ThepoetcallsonIndratotearhimselfawayfromhisfavour-\niteKutsainordertoaidhis worshippers in the comingfight. ‘Alegend'is\nhere somewhat obscurely related, thatKutsaandLusahavingsummoned In-\ndraatthesametimetotheirrespective sacrifices,he wentfirsttoKutsawho\nthen detainedhim, having fastened him with a hundred leatherthongs.\nThisverseis addressed to IndrabyLusa> exhorting himto free himself.’\nWilson.\nTheRishiis Ghoshs, daughterofKakshiv&n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1079,
            "content": ":: :\nHYMN 39.] TBS RlGfMM. 437\n3 Ye are the bliss of her who groweth old at home, and helpers\nofthe slow although he linger last.\nMencall you too, N&satyas, healers ofthe blind, the thin and\nfeeble, and the man with broken bones.\n4 Ye made Chyav&na, weak and worn with length of days,\nyoung again, like a car, thathe had power to move.\nYe lifted upthe son ofTugra from the floods. At our liba-\ntions must all these your acts be praised.\n5 We will declare among the folk your ancient deeds heroic]\nyea, ye were Physicians bringing health.\nYou, you who must belauded, will we bring for aid, so that\nthis foe of ours, 0 Asvins, may believe. *\n6 Listen to me, 0 Asvins ; I have cried to you. Give me your\naid as sire and mother aid their son.\nPoor, without kin or friend or ties of blood am I. Save me,\nbefore it be too late, from this my curse.\n7 Ye, mounted on your chariot brought to Vimada the comely\n10 maid of Purumitra as a bride.\nYe came unto the calling of the weakling’s dame, and granted\nnoble offspring to the happy wife.\n8 Ye gave again the vigour of his youthful life to the sage Kali\nwhen old age was comingnigh.\nYe rescued Yandana and raised him from the pit, and in a\nmoment gave Yispala powerto move.\n9 Ye, Asvins Twain, endowed with manly strength, brought\nforth Rebha whenhidden in the cave and well-nigh dead,\nFreed Saptavadhri, and forAtri caused the pit heated with\nfire to be a^pleasant resting-place.\nOn Pedu ye bestowed, Asvins, a courser whitefmighty with\nnine-and-ninety varied gifts of streii^thf\nA horse to be renowned, who boreJdAfriend at speed, joy-giv-\ning, Bhaga-like to be invoked^men.\nX .. - - —\n3 Ofherwho growetholdat7p*t& referringtoGhosh&herself. SeeI. 17. 7,\nHealers ofthe blind: seeI.,Il2. 9. *\n4 Ohyavdna: seel. 1*6.' 10, and 117. 13. Son of Tugra: Bhujyu. See\nYol. I., Index.\n6 My curse leprosy,which preventedhermarriage.\n7 Vimada seeI. 117. 20. Theweakling'sdame : seeI. 117. 24,\n8 ForKali, Vandana, and Vispald in this stanza, and Rebha, Atri, and\nPedu in 9 and 10, seeYol.IvIndex. ForSaptavadhri(stanza 9)seeY, 78. 6."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1080,
            "content": ": : : :\nX\n438 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK\n11 From no side, ye Two Kings whom none may check or stay,\ndoth grief, distress, or danger come upon the man\nWhom, Asvins swift to hear, borne on your glowing path, ye\nwith your Consort make theforemost in the race.\n12 Come on that Chariot which the Bibhus wrought for you,\nthe Chariot, Asvins, that is speedier than thought,\nAt harnessing whereof Heaven’s Daughter springs to birth,\nand from Vivasv&n come auspicious Night and Day.\n13 Come, Conquerors of the sundered mountain, to our home,\nAsvins who made the cow stream milkfor Sayu’s sake,\nYe who delivered even from the wolf’s deep throat and set\n,\nagain at-liberty the swallowed quail.\n14 We have prepared this laud for you, 0 Asvins, and, like the\nBhrigus, as a car have framed it,\nHavedecked itas amaid tomeet thebridegroom, and brought\nitas ason, our stay for ever.\nHYMN XL. Asvins.\n— —\nYourradiantChariot whithergoesit onitsway ? who decks\nit foryou, Heroes, for its happy course,\nStartingatdaybreak, visitingeachmorning everyhouse, borne\nhitherward through prayer unto the sacrifice?\n2 Where are ye, Asvins, in the evening, where at morn ? Where\nis yourhalting-place, where rest ye forthe night?\nWho brings you homeward, as the widow bedward draws her\nhusband’s brother, as the bride attracts the groom 1\n3 Early ye sing forth praise as with a herald’s voice, and, meet\nfor worship, go each morning to the house.\nWhom do ye ever bring to ruin? Unto whose libations come\nye, Heroes, like two Sons of Kings? r\n11 Whomnonemay -checkorstay: adite—adinau.— S&yana. Your Consort;\nSftryd. Theforemostintherace:thatis,generally,preeminent.\n32 Heaven’sLaughter UshaBnrDawn. Vivasvdn: the morning Sun.\n13 Conquerorsof the—sundered mountain: probably with reference to the\ndeliveranceofJahusha. Ludwig. SeeI. 116. 20. Theswallowedquail see\nI H2. 8. Thequail is probably Dawndelivered fromthejaws of thewolf\nNightby thetwinLight-Gods.\n14 Ourstayfo—rever whowill perp. etuate our family; 1the eternal per-\nformerof rites.* Wilson.\n2 Asthewidow: incertain circumstancesawidow wasbound tomarryher\ndeceasedhusband’sbrother. SeeHarm(MdnavadharmasdstraJ, IX. 69. 70.\nThelawoi theJewswasthesame. SeeDeuteronomy,xxv. 5.\n3 Aswithaherald’svoice: MjpaydisthusexplainedbyS&yana. Thehouse\nof thesacrificer."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1081,
            "content": ": : : :\nHYMN 40.] THU KIGVBJDA. 439\n4 Even as hunters follow two wild elephants, we with oblations\ncall you down at morn and eve.\nTofolkwhopayyou offerings atappointedtimes. Chiefs, Lords\nof splendour, ye bring food to strengthen them.\n5 To you, 0 Asvins, came the daughter of a King, Gbosha, and\nsaid, 0 Heroes, this I beg of you\nBe near me in the day, be near me: in the night help me to\n:\ngain a car-borne chieftain rich in steeds.\n6 0 Asvins, ye are wise as Kutsa comesto men, bring yourcar\n:\nnigh the folk of him who sings your praise.\nThe bee, 0 Asvins, bears your honey in her mouth, as the\nmaid carries it purified in her hand. »\n7 To Bhujyu and to Vasa ye came near with help, 0 Asvins, to\nSinJava and to Usana.\n10\nYourworshippersecuresyourfriemdidxi^^ , Through\nyour protection I desire felicity.\n8 Krisa and Sayu ye protect, ye Asvins Twain ye Two assist\nthe widow and the worshipper; :\nAnd ye throw open, Asvins,unto those whowin thecattle-stall\nthat thunders with its sevenfoldmouth.\n9 The Woman hath brought forth, the Infant hath appeared,\nthe plantsofwondrousbeauty straightway have sprung up.\nTo him the rivers run as down a deep descent, and he this\nday becomes their master and their lord.\nThey mourn the living, cry aloud, at sacrifice: the men have\nset their thoughts upon.a distantcast. —\nA lovely thi—ng for fathers who have gathered here, a joy to\nhusbands, are the wives their arms shall clasp.\n5 The secondhalf*of the second lineis difficult: 4be—able (tograntfavour)\nto theson of mybrother, whohas horses and achariot.’ Wilson.\nsip6\ns\nhA os nK eyut wm hec nom te hs eto Asm ve in n:\ns\nh hao vm ee uo sn herIn ed dra i’ ns tc hh eari do at y.\n.\nB Ae sars theyo mu ar idho :ne Dy\nr.\nMuirandProf. 0-raasmann explainthishalf-line differently, 1asamaid, ora\nwoman,resorts to herrendezvous (withherlover)/\n7 Vasa: Bee I. 112. 10. Sinjdra seeVIII.5.25. Usand: seeVol. I.,Index.\nthe8 K fr eei bs la e: ma aB nish ii nf ga ev no eu rr ae ld . by SaI yn ud :ra h; asor, ba es enS& my ea nn ta ie ox np el dain fs ret qh ue enw to lr y,dhe are fi, e\ncattle-stall\ntherain-cloudwhosewatersarethecows.\n9 The Woman: perhaps thewaterofthecloud. TheInfant thelightning.\nt I\nB\nfT\nh\nn\nuo\nh ae\nt1\na\nr\nuh 0\nf iv\nri\nu ne\nem T\nn\ngeh\n-b\na:\nr\nnoe\nna\neryt\ndl\ntrh m\no\nce\no :w\nhfos\nie\naa w\nld\nphc\nd.\npinr\nrs\nai ef rt nwi eh Sic ne\ne\ntfe\ntt\nor el l.i lm ytv ia hi vaen\nS\ney ig\ne pr\naep e: fre\nttL\nipr\neh\npe rh\na o\nhra\nun\ntrhp\ng am\nhas\nh\nsp\nea t\nis mb\nsn\ns,e\n.f(\nusi\noS\nph rn\na\n,t oo ne nw hsn\nk\nad t\nr\nvae h\ni\ned e t. i\nd\ntr\nR i\nases\nta\nko\nad\ner\nne\nntr ro\n,\ntw\nc ha op\nsf\nu.\nto g;r\nh3 t8\not f7h\nf)\n_e\not\nrbfw\ne\ntii hod enmo\no\ndw\no\niwe\ns\nser h taoa nomt\ntr"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1082,
            "content": ": : :\n440 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n11 Of this wehave no knowledge. Tell it forth to us, how the\nyouth rests within the chambers of the bride.\nFain would we reach the dwelling of the vigorous Steer who\nloves the kine, 0 Asvins : this is our desire.\n12 Your favouring gracehath come, ye Lords of ample wealth:\nAsvins, our longings are stored up within your hearts.\nYe, Lords of splendour, havebecome our twofold guard : may\nwe as welcome friends reach Aryaman’s abode,\n13 Even so, rejoicing in thedwelling-placeof man, give herosons\nand riches to the eloquent.\nHake a fomh Lords of splendour, where men well may dr1ink\nremove the spiteful tree-stump standing in thepath.\n14 0 Asvins, Wonder-Workers, Lords of lustre, where and with\nwhat folh 0,u yo delight yourselves to-day?\nWho hath detained therewith him ? Whither are theygone?\nUnto what sage’s or wbaUworShlpp\nHYMN\nXLI. Asvins.\nThat general Car of yours, invoked by many a man, that\ncomes to our libations, three-wheeled, meet for lauds,\nThat circumambient Car, worthy of sacrifice, we call with our\npure hymns at earliest flush of dawn,\n2 Ye, ONasatyas, mount that early-harnessed Car, that travels\nearly, laden with its freight of balm,\nWherewith ye, Heroes, visit clans who sacrifice, even thepoor\nman’s worship where the priest attends.\n3 If to the deft Adhvaryu with the meath in hand, or to the\nKindlerfirm in strength, the household friend,\nOr to the sage’s poured libations ye approach, come thence 0\nAsvins, now to drink the offered meath. J\nexpresseshera wip sp hp ea sr\" fot ro ms ap re ra ik ago ef .herself iathe plural number, Sheplainly\n^ma1 r2 riA ar gy ^a fm oa ^n T’ ns oa tb ^o id ee r.0A 0r ^y ^a 8m ''1a ^n 01'i ’s eh Spe er oe ialu ls yed thi en frt ih ee ndor wi hgi tn >al sens ae wr» of\nman\nanP dr mof hiG sr oa ps is nm ioa nun fop rl mac ie ns gs nt oan pz aa rs t1 o0 f— t1 h4 eoi rn igh ii ns alAp hp ye mn nd .ix as being obscure\n1 Three-wheeled seeI. 34, 9.\n3 TheKindly; the Agutdh, thepriestwhokindlesthesacrificialfire."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1083,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN it ] THE RIGVEDA . 441\nHYMN\nXLII. Indra.\nEven as an archer shoots afar his arrow, offer the laud to him\nwith meet adornment.\nQuell with your voice the wicked's voice, O sages. Singer,\nmake Indra rest beside the Soma.\n2 Draw thy Friend to thee like a cow at milking 0 Singer,\n:\nwake up Indra as a lover.\nMake thou the Hero haste to give us riches even as a vessel\nfilled brimful with treasure,\n3 Why, Maghavan, do theycall theeBounteous Giver? Quicken\nme thou, I hear, art he who quickens.\nSakra,: let my intelligence be active, and bring us luck that\nfinds great wealth, 0 Indra.\n4 Standing, in battle for their rights, together, the people,\nIndra, in the fray invoke thee.\nHim who brings gifts the Hero makes his comrade : with him\nwho pours no juice he seeks not friendship.\n5 Whosowith plenteous food for him expresses strong Somas as\nmuch quickly-comingtreasure.\nFor him he overthrowsinearly morninghisswiftwell-weapon-\ned foes, and slays the tyrant.\n6 He unto whom we offer praises, Indra, Maghavan, who hath\njoined to ours his wishes,\nBefore him even afar the foe must tremble low before him\n:\nmustbow all human glories.\n7 With thy fierce bolt, 0 God invoked of many, drive to a\ndistance from afar the foeman.\n0 Indra, give us wealth in com and cattle, and make thy\nsinger's prayer gain strength and riches.\n8 Indra, the swallower of strong libations rich in the boonsJ\nthey bring, the potent Somas,\nHe, Maghavan, will not restrict his bounty : hebrings much\nwealth unto the Soma-presser.\n9 Yea, by superiorplay be winsadvantage, when he, a gambler,\npiles his gains in season.\nCelestial-natured, he o'erwhelms with riches the devotee who\nkeeps not back his treasure.\n—\n3 Thewicked'svoice: ‘the praisesof youradversaries.’ Wilson.\n4 TheHero Indra.\n5 Asmuchquickly-comingtreasure representingthewealthwhichtheoffer-\ning ofthelibationsis expectedtoproduce.\n6 Untowhom weofferpraises:or,in whomwehave placed ourhope.\n9 Whenhe, agamble ; cp. X. 43. 5,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1084,
            "content": ":\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF ' [BOOK X.\n10 0 Much-invoked, may we subdue all famine and evil want\nwith store of grain and cattle.\nMay weallied, asfirst in rank, with princesobtain possessions\nby our own exertion.\n11 Brihaspati protect us from the rearward, and from above, and\nfrom below, from sinners\n!\nMay Indra from the front, and from the centre, as Friend to\nfriends, vouchsafe us room and freedom.\nHYMN\nXLiri. Indra.\nIn perfect unison all yearning hymns of mine that find the\nlight of.lieaven have sung forth Indra’s praise.\nAs wives embrace their lord, the comely bridegroom, so they\ncompass Maghavan about that he may help.\n2 Directed untothee my spirit never strays, for I have set my\nhopes on thee, 0 Much-invoked\nI\nSit, Wonderful I as King upon thesacred grass, and let thy\ndrinking-place be by the Soma juice.\n3 From indigence and hunger Indra turns away Maghavan\n:\nhath dominion overprecious wealth.\nThese the Seven Kivei's flowing on their downward path in-\ncrease the vital vigour of the potent Steer.\ni As on thefair-leafed treerestbirds, to Indra flowthe gladden-\ning Somajuices that the bowls contain.\nTheir face that glows with splendour through their mighty\npower hath found the shine of heaven for man, the Aryas’\nlight\n5 As inthe game a gambler piles his winnings, so Maghavan,\nsweeping alltogether, gained the Sun.\nThis mighty deed ofthine none other could achieve, none,\nMaghavan, before thee, none in recent time.\n6 Maghavan came by turns to all the tribes ofmen : the Steer\ntook notice of the people’s songs of praise.\nThe man in whose libations Sakra hath delight by means of\npotent Somas vanquisketh his foes.\n10 With —princes; with meneminent fortheir wealth : rdjabhir-dhan&nd-\nmtsvaraih. S&yana.\n—\n3 Turnsaway S&yana mak —esvishuvrU toansitive; *May Indra be the\nremoverofthirstandhunger.’ Wilson.\n5 Gained theSum conquershim bytaking awayhismoisture, thatis, the\nwaterthat hehasabsorbed.—S&yaua,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1085,
            "content": ": :\nJSYMN 44.] tee mayed a. 443\n7 When Soma streams together unto Indra flow like waters to\nthe river, rivulets to the lake,\nIn place of sacrifice sages exalt his might, as the rain swells\nthe corn by moisture sent from heaven.\n8 He rushes through the region like afuriousBull, he who hath\nmade these floods the dames of worthy lords.\nThis Maghavan hath found light for the mau who brings ob-\nlation, sheds the juice, and promptlypours his gifts.\n9 Let the keen axe come forth together withthe light here be,\n:\nas erst, the teeming cow of sacrifice.\nLet the Bed God shine bright with his refulgent ray, and let\nthe Lord of heroes glow like heaven’s clear sheen.\n10 0Much-invoked, may we subdue all famineandevil want with\nstore of grain and cattle.\nMay we allied, as first in rank, with princesobtain possessions\nby our own exertion.\n11 Brihaspati protect us from the rearward, and from above, and\nfrom below, from sinners.\nMay Indra from the front, and from the centre, as Friend to\nfriends, vouchsafe us room and freedom,\nHYMN XL\nIV. Indra.\nMay Sovran Indra come to the carousal, he who by Holy Law\nis strong and active,\nThe overcomer of all conquering forces with his great steer-\nlike power that hath no limit.\n2 Firm-seated is thy car, thy Steeds are docile thy hand, O\n;\nKing, holds,i%firmlj grasped, the thunder.\nOn thy fair path, 0 Lord of men, come quickly we will in-\n:\ncrease thy powers when thou hast drunken.\n3 Let strong andmighty Steedswho hearthis Mighty Indra, the\nLord of men, whose arm wields thunder,\nBring unto us, assharersof our banquet, the Steerof conquer-\ning might, of real vigour.\n8 Thedames ofxuorthy lords that is, subjected them to the Aryans,\nwhereastheyhad beenthethralls of D&sas. SeeI. 32. IX.\n9 Thekeenaxe Agni, who is frequently likened to anaxe. See I. 127. 3,\nand VT. 3. 4. The Red God: arushah: according to S&yana, *the radiant\nIndra'; butAgniis probablyintended,orperhaps‘thered bolt’ asM. Muller\nprefers.\n10 Thetwoconcludingstanzas areidenticalinHymns 52, 53, 54."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1086,
            "content": ": : : ::\nHi THE HYMNS OP [TOOK X.\n4 So like a Ball thou rushestto the Lord who loves the trough,\ntheSage, the prop of vigour, in the vat.\nPrepare thine energies, collect them in thyself : be for our\nprofit as the Master of the wise.\n—\n5 May precious treasures come to us, so willI pray. Come to\nthe votary’s giftoffered with beauteous laud.\nThou art the Lord, as suchsit onthis holy grass : thy vessels\nare inviolate as Law commands.\n6 Far went our earliest invocations of the Gods, and won us\nglories that can never be surpassed.\nThey who could notascend the ship of sacrifice, sink down in\ndesolation, trembling with alarm.\n7 So be the others, evil-hearted,far away, whose horses, difficult\nto harness, have beenyoked.\nHere in advance men stand anear to offer gifts, by whom full\n10 many a work thatbrings reward is done.\n8 He firmly fixed the plains and mountains as they shook.\nDyausthunderedforth andmadetheair’s mid-region quake.\nHe stays apart the two confronting bowls he sings lauds in\n;\nthe potent Soma’s joy when he hath drunk.\n9 I bear this deftly-fashioned goad of thine, wherewith thou,\nMaghavan, shalt break the strikers vuth the hoof.\nAt this libation mayst thoube well satisfied. Partake the\njuice, partake the worship, Maghavan.\n0 Much-invoked, may we subdue all famine and evil want\nwith store ofgrain and cattle.\nMay weallied, as first in rank, withprinces obtainpossessions\nby our own exertion.\n31 Brihaspati protectus from the rearward, and from above, and\nfrom below, from sinners. *\nMay Indra from the front and fromthe centre, as Friend to\nfriends, vouchsafe us roomand freedom.\n4 The —Lord: pdtim; the Soma. Collect them in thyself: ‘take us into\nthyself.’ Wilson. Ofthewise:kenipftnamisthusexplainedbytheCommen-\ntators, butthemeaning seems doubtful. Ludwig thinks that ‘the master\noftheoars/thatis,thesteersman,isintended.\n6 Indesolation: irrnft~ eprjfiOL— Ludwig. Tremblinginalarm or,doers\nof illdeeds,accordingtoY&ska’sinterpretationofMpayah,\natt7 emW ph to sse toh po ers re fs o,rmdif af cic cu el pt tat bo lehar san ce rs is f, icehav he avb eee fn aily eo dk .ed: Inwh ao ds ve ani cl el-man bea fg oe rd\ne\ndeath,accordingtoS&yana.\n8 He :Indra. Astheyshook: op.II.12.2. Twoconfrontingbowls heaven\nandearth.\n9 Goad thehymnofpraisewhichurgesIndratoaction. Thestrikerswith\nthehoof a classofY&tudh&nas ordemons. SeeX. 87. 13,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1087,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 45.] TEE RIGVEDA. 445\nHYMN XLV. Agni.\nFikst Agni sprang to life from out of Heaven the second\n:\ntime from us came J&tavedas.\nThirdly theManly-souled was in the waters. The pious lauds\naud kindles him the Eternal.\n2 Agni, we know thy three powers in three stations, we know\nthy forms in many a plhce divided.\nWe know what name supreme thou hast in secret we know\n:\nthe source from which thou hast proceeded.\n3 The Manly-souled lit thee in sea and waters, man’s Viewer\nlit thee iu the breast of heaven.\nThere as thou stoodest in the third high region the Steers\nincreased thee in the waters’ bosom.\n4 Agni roaredout, like Dyauswhat timehethunders he licked\n:\nthe ground, about the plants he flickered.\nAt once, when born, helookedaroundenkindled, andlightened\nheaven and earth within with splendour.\n5 The spring of glories andsupport of riches, rouserofthoughts\nand guardian ofthe Soma,\nGood Son of Strength, a King amid the waters, in forefront\nof the Dawns he shines enkindled.\n6 Germ of the world, ensign of all creation, be sprang to life\nand filled the earth and heavens.\nEven thefirm rockhe cleft when passing over, when the Five\nTribes brought sacrifice to Agni.\n7 So among mortals was Immortal Agni stablished as holy\nwise aud willing envoy.\nHe waves th^ red smoke that he lifts above him, striving to\nreach the heavens with radiant lustre.\n1 Fromout ofEemen : or, from Dyaus orHeavenhis father;inthe shape\noftheSun. Fromus ; produced by men in the shapeof sacrificial anddo-\nmestic fire. Inthewaters of the firmament, intheshapeof lightning, the\nthirdform of Agni,\n—\n2 Insecret unknown tothosewhoknow not the Veda. S&yana.\n3 The Manly-souled: or, theFriend ofmen; Vai’una, accordingto S&yana,\nand Praj&pati—, accordingto Mahidhara. Perhaps Dyaus (cp. stanza 8) may\nbeintended. Ludwig. Gvassmann thinks that Indra, the kindlerof the\nlightning,ismeant. TheSteers: or, —theMighty Ones;theMaruts.\n6 TheUrmrock ‘thesolidcloud.’ Wilson. Someextraordinaryconflagra-\nlt ii to en rao lf lyj ,un tg hl ee fm ia vey mepe nr ,ha mp es ab ne inr ge ,fe ar cr ce od rt do i. ngT th oe SF &i yv ae naT ,ri mbe es n: ip ndl geh nc eh ra aj ld ,n ak nh d,:\naccording toMahidhara, theinstitutor of the sacrifice andthe fourchief\npriests."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1088,
            "content": "; : : :\nX\nTBS HYMNS OF BOOK\n44$ f\n8 Like gold tolook on, farhe shone refulgent, beaming imper-\nishable life for glory,\nAgni byvital powersbecame immortal when his prolific Father\nDyaus begat him.\n9 Whoso this day, 0 God whose flames are lovely, prepares a\ncake, 0 Agni, mixt with butter,\nLeadthouand furtherhimtohigher fortune, to blissbestowed\nby Gods, 0 thou Most Youthful.\n10 Endow him, Agni, with a share of glory, at every song of\npraise sung forth enrich him.\nDear let him be to Surya, dear to Agni, preeminent with son\nand children’s children.\n11 While, Agni, day by daymen pay thee worship they win\nthemselves all treasures worth the wishing.\nAllied with thee, eager and craving riches, they have disclos-\ned the stable filled with cattle.\n12 Agni, the Friend of men, the Soma’s keeper, Vaisv&nara,\nhath been lauded by the Kishis.\nWe will invoke benignant Earth and Heaven ye Deities,\n:\ngive ns wreaith with hero children.\nHYMN XLYI. Agni.\nStablished for thee, to lend thee vital forces, Giverof wealth,\nGuard of his servant’s body.\nThe Great Priest, born, who knows the clouds, Abider with\nmen, is seated in the lap of waters.\n2 Worshipping, seeking him with adoration like some lost crea-\nturefollowed by its footprints,\nWise Bhrigus, yearning in their hearts, pursued him, and\nfound him lurking where the floods are gathered.\n3 On the Cow’s forehead, with laborious searching, Trita, the\noffspring of Vibhuvas, found him.\nBorn in our houses, Youthful, joy-bestower, he now becomes\nthe central point of brightness.\n12 Soma'skeeper: asidentifiedwiththeMoon, thegreatreceptacleof the\nc 3e 3l 0es—ti 3al 36S .oma,thenectarorambrosiaofthe Gods. SeeHillebrandt, V.M. } I.\n1 Forthee: thePishi addresses himself. Who knows the clouds: from\nwhichhe(Agni)coniesintheformof Lightning. Of waters of the firma-\nment.\n2 WiseBhrigus frequentlymentioned as specially connected with the\nworshipofAgni. Cl 11 4. 2. Pursuedhim seeI. 65. 1.\n3 OntheCow’sforehead ‘ontheheadof the cloud.* Trita: Agni inhis\nthirdformaslightning. Theabstractpersonified formof the celestialAgni"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1089,
            "content": "—\n:: : :\nHYMN 46.3 THE XIQVEDA, 44T\n4 Yearning, with homage, they have set and made him blithe\nPriest among mankind, oblation-bearer,\nLeader of rites and Purifier, envoy of men, as sacrifice that\nstill advances.\n5 The foolish broughtthene’er-bewilderedforward, great,Victor,\nSong-iuspire Fort-destroyer.\nr,\nLeading the Youth gold-bearded, like a courser gleaming with\n'wealth, they turned their hymn to profit.\n6 Holding his stationfirmlyinthehouses, Trita sat down within\nhis home surrounded.\nThence, as Law bids, departs the Tribes’ Companion, having\ncollected men with no compulsion. *\n7 His are the fires, eternal, purifying, that make the houses\nmove, whose smoke is shining,\nWhite, waxingintheir strength, for ever stirring, and sitting\nin the wood like winds are Somas.\n;\n8 The tongue of Agni bears away the praise-song, and, through\nhis care for Earth, her operations.\nHim, bright and radiant, living men have stablished as their\nblithe Priest, the Chief of Sacrifieers.\n9 That Agni, him whom Heaven and Earth engendered, the\nWaters, Tvashtar, and, with might, the Bbrigus,\nHim Matarisvan and the Gods have fashioned holy for man\naud first to be entreated.\nishere representedas endeavouringto find the lurking fire in the sky.\nMacdonell. Offspringof Viblitivus or, connected with Vibhiivasu, thevery-\nwealthy, Soma.\n—4 Assacrifice thatstilladvances: *alsdassich vorwarts bewegende opfer.’\nLudwig Accordingto Sstyana, 'the objectofsacrifice,himwhogoesforward\n[fromonefirereceptacletoanother].’\n5 Thefoolish humhnpriests, weakandfoolishincomparison with thewise\nAgni. Gleamingwith wealth: themeaningofdhanarcham is uncertain. The\nSt. Petersburg Lexicon offers dhanarjam t 1 strivingto wintheprize,’ aspro-\nbablytherightreading,\n—\n6 Onstanzas 3and 6 seeMacdonell(J. R. A. S., July, 1893, pp. 450 452),\nwho translatesthesecondhalfof6 asfollows : From hencethehouse-friend\nofsettlerscollecting (them)goeB amongmen by distribution, not by (means\nof) 7bo Tn hd as t;mai kee,} tc ha er hr oi ue sd esfr mo om vepl :ac te h, isnob sef er me sshl ty op br eod wu hce ad tb ty hecor wd ora dn sdd dri al ml.\nfim\naritrd should mean, though how flames can be th—usqualified is not clear.\n4Therescue—rsfrom thehumiliated (spirits of ill).’ Wilson. ‘Protectors of\nthe houses.* Mahidhara. Likewinds are Somas as winds fan flame, so\nSoma*libationsincreasethemight ofAgni. Ac —cordingto S&yana,theflames\nare4like the fast-flowing juicesof the Soma.* Wilson. I follow Ludwig’s\nexplanation,but themeaningofthepassage isdoubtful.\n8 Heroperations: holyworks performed bymen.\n9 Mdtarisvan a divine or semi-divine being who brought Agni from\nheaven. SeeI. 31. $, and 60. 1,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1090,
            "content": "—\n: :\n448 THE HYMNS OF [BOOH X\n10 Agni, whom Gods havemade oblation-bearer, and much-desir-\ning men regardasholy,\nGive life to him who lauds thee when he worships, and then\nshall glorious men in troops adore thee.\nHYMN XLYII. IndraVaikuntha.\nThy right hand have we grasped in ours, 0 Indra, longing\nfor treasure, Treasure-Lord of treasures !\nBecause we know thee, Hero, Lord of cattle : vouchsafe us\nmighty and resplendent riches.\n2 Wealth, fully armed, good guard and kind protector, sprung\nfrom four seas, the prop and stay of treasures,\nFraughtwith great bounties, meet for praise and glory :\nvouchsafe us mighty and resplendentriches.\nZ Wealth, with good Brahmans, Indra! God-attended, high,\nwide, and deep, and based on broad foundations,\nStrong, with famed Rishis, conquering our foernen : vouch-\nsafe us mighty and resplendent riches.\n4 Victorious, winning strength, with hero sages, confirmed in\npower, most useful, wealth-attracting,\nTrue, Indra ! crushing forts and slaying Dasyus : vouchsafe\nus mighty and resplendent riches.\n5 Wealthy in heroes and in cars and horses, strength hundred-\nfold and thousandfold, 0 Indra,\nWith manly sages, happy troops, light-winning : vouchsafe us\nmighty and resplendent riches.\n6 To Saptagu the sage, the holy-minded, to him,Brihaspati, the\nsong approaches,\nAngiras’ Son who must be met with homage : vouchsafe us\nmighty and resplendent riches. „\n7 My lauds, like envoys, craving loviug-kiudness, go forth to\nIndra with their strong entreaty,\nMoving his heart and uttered by my spirit: vouchsafe us\nmighty and resplendent riches.\nVaikunthaissaidtomeansonofVikuntM, anAsurlor femaledemon who\nwasallowedbyIndratobecomehissecondmother.—\nw he ol u2 l seaW sre ma ol e ft dh / jee wtS ec ll . s—y .a Wna i *Vg i*i l-v .es *.a V *;n ..o (-t .h ie >r /i *n ,te .rpretati to s hen eas: . f* o* ur( reW gae or cdk ee an d no sw /a —sth [e t ae h pe pt lo is et dob re te) o-\nIndra]Wilson.\n6 Brihaspati—accordingto theScholiastmeaning Saptagu, *the lord of\nmuch(praise).’ Wilson. According to others, the God Brihaspati called\nSaptaguasbeing drawnbysevenoxen : *der fabrt mit sieben Kindern*\nGrassmann. Angiras’San: meaningapparentlyBrihaspatiasespecially loved\nandhonouredbyAngirasandhisdescendants. SeeVI. 73, 1. i"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1091,
            "content": "—\n:\nHYMN 48.] THE RIGVEDA . 449\n8 Grant us theboon for which I pray, 0 Indra, aspacioushome\nunmatched among the people.\nTo this may Heaven andEarth accordapproval vouchsafe us\n;\nmighty and resplendent riches.\nHYMN XLV III. IndraYaikuntha.\nI was the first possessor of allprecious gear : the wealth of\nevery man I win and gather up.\nOn me as on a Father living creatures call : I deal enjoyment\nto the man whooffers gifts.\n2 I, Indra,amAtharvan’sstayandfirmsupport : Ibroughtforth\nkine to Trita from the Dragon’s grasp.\nI stripped the Dasyus of their manly might,’'and gave the\ncattle-stallstoMat****?vanandDadhyach.\n3 pv,. *«o uatn Tvashtarforgedthe iron thunderbolt : in me the\nGods have centred intellectual power.\nMy sheen is like the Sun’s insufferably bright men honour\nme as Lord for past and future deeds. :\n4 I won myselfthese herds of cattle, steeds and kine, and gold\nin ample store, with my destructive bolt.\nI give full many a thousand to theworshipper, whattimethe\nSomas and the lauds have made me glad.\n5 Indra am I none ever wins my wealth from me never at\nany time\n;am\nI a thrall to death.\n:\nPressing the Soma, ask riches from me alone ye, Pfirus, in\nmy friendship shall not suffer harm. :\n6 These, breathing loud in fury, two andtwo, who caused Indra\nto bring his bolt ofthunder to the fray,\nThe challengers, I struck with deadly weapon down: firm\nstand what words the God speaks to his worshippers.\n—\n8 Unmatched : asamam : *notheldincommon.’ WilBon.\nIn^raYaikunthaisthe Riskiofthis hymn, whichis aself-laudatoryreply\ntoSaptaguinHymnXLVII.\n2 Atharvan is the nameof the priest who first obtained fireand offered\nSomaandprayerstothe Gods. See I. 80. 16, and 83, 5. The Dragonisap-\nparentlyA—hiorYritra. *Igeneratedthewatersabovethecloud forthesake\nof Trita.* Wilson. Mdtarisvan and Dadhyach: or, according to Sdyana,\n*M&tarisvan’ssonDadhyach—.’\n5 Ye, Films : ‘O men.’ Wilson.\n6 These; whothese wereis uncertain. Twoand two probably the war-\nriorwho fightsonthechariotandthecharioteer.—Ludwig. Theliteraltrans-\nlationof thelasthalf-line of thestanzaappearstobe: 4thenon-worshipper\nspeakingfirmwordstoworshippers dnamasyuh, he who has nootherto re-\nverence,—being Indra, whose promis; e of victory tohis worshippers is never\nbroken.’ Ludwig.\n29"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1092,
            "content": ": : : :: ::\nm\nTUB HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n7 This Oneby stronger might I conqueredsingly;yea, alsotwo\n:\nshall three prevail against me?\nlike many sheaves upon the floor I thrash them. Plow can\nmy foes, the Indraless, revile me ?\n8 Against the Gungus I made Atithigva strong, and kept him\nmid the folk like Yritra-conquering strength,\nWhen I won glory in the great •foe-slaying fight, in battle\nwhere Karanja fell, and Parnaya. ^\n9 With food for mine enjoyment Sipya Kami came: hejoined\nme as a friend of old in search of kine.\nAs I bestowed^ on him an arrow for the fight I made him\nworthy,-.of the sdtig^pdhymnof praise.\n10 One of the two hathSoinaTseei^ thePlerdsmanwith\nthe hone<shows forth the other.\nHe, fain to fight the Bull whose horns were sharpene^^\nfettered in the demon’s ample region.\n11 I, as a God, ne’er violate the statutes-of Gods, of Yasus, Ru-\n' driyas, Adityas.\nThese Gods have formed me for auspicious vigour, unconquer-\nedian<d invincible for ever.\nHYMN XLIX. IndraVaikuntha.\nIhave enriched the singer with surpassing wealth ; I have al-\nlowed the holyhymn to strengthen me.\nI, furtherer of him who offers sacrifice, have conqueredin each\nfight the men who worship not.\n7 This One: or, thisonething, thatis,—*the primordial substance or unit\noutofwhichtheuniversewasdeveloped.’ Wallis, Cosmologyof the Iiitjveda,\np. 58.\n8 Againstthe Gungus or, to aid the Gungus, asSayanaexplains. Who\nthesepeoplewereisuncertain. Atithigva Divodftsa,sonofAtithigu,accord-\ning to Sclyana. See Yol. I., Index. Karanja..and Parnaya: apparently\ntree-demons : see I. 58.8.\n9 Sdpya afamilynameof Indra’sfriend Kami, whoin YI. 20. 6is called\n-Sayya’sson.\n10 Oneofthe two: theMoon. The Herdsman: Indra. With the hone\nof Dadhyacli. See I. 84. 13. The other Yritra. He: Yritra. TheBull\nIndra. Thedemon'sampleregion mid-air,whichwasthendominatedbythe\nDrubor malignantspiritof drought. I followProf. Ludwig’sinterpretation\nof this obscure stanza which is evidently an interpolation motived by the\nmention of Dadhyachin stanza 2. Porasomewhat different interpretation,\nsee Hillebrandt, V. M.,I. 337.\n11 Budriyas: theMaruts, sonsof Rudra,\nIndraYaikunthaistheRisliialso."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1093,
            "content": ": : ; : ::\nHYMN 49.] THE RIGVEDA. 451\n2 The People of the heavens, the waters, and the earth haye\nstablished me among the Gods with Indra’s name.\n.\nI took unto myself the two swift vigorous Bays that speed on\ndivers paths, and the fierce bolt for strength,\n3 Wi Kt uh tsd aea wd el ly lb wl io tw hs thI ess emo mt ye sA at vk ia ngfo hr elK pa sv .i’s sake\n;\nI gwuarded\nAs Sushna’s slayer I brandished the dartof death I gave not\n;\nup the Aryan name to Dasyufoes.\n4 Smadibha, Tugra, and the Yetasus I gave as prey to Kntsa,\nfather-like, to succour him.\nI was a worthy King to rule theworshipper, when I gave Tuji\ndear inviolable gifts.\n5 I gavehp Mrigaya to Smtarvan as his prey because he ever\nfollowed me and kept my laws.\nFor Ayn’s sake I caused Vesa to bend and bow, and into Sa-\nvya’s hand delivered Padgribhi.\n6 I, I crushed Navavftstva of the lofty car, the D&sa, as the\nYritra-slayerkills the fiends\nWhen straightway on the region’s farthestedge I brought the\nGod who makes the lights to broaden and increase.\n7 I travel round about borne onward in my might by the fleet-\nfooted dappled Horses of the Sun.\nWhen man’s libation calls me to the robe of state I soon repel\nthe powerful Dasyu with my blows.\n3 Atka mentioned againinHymn 99of .this Book. Kmi; thefather of\nIndra’sfriendIJsarai.\nSee4 VS Im ,a Wd 20i ,bh 5,a w* ho er r, eas Va en taa sd uje ac nt div Te uj go ri ane ad rewi mt eh nT tu ig or na e, dfw asith haa vl il nh gis bfo el el now ce or ns -/\nquered indra,andVI. 26. 4, wheretheirnamesoccuragain together with\nthatof Tuji.\nap5 riM nr ci eg wa hy oa s: ea ld ie bem ro an lio tf yt ih se lai ar u. deS dee inIY V. I1 I6 I. .18 6, 3.and A^ yVI uII. s3. om3 e,9 t. iS mr eu st sar pv oa kn en:\nof asaKingfavouredbyIndraandatothertimesasconqueredbyhim. See\nIndex. The nameofVesadoesnotoccuragain. Savya theB,ishiofHymns\n51 57 of BookI. Padgribhi: some demon or savage enemy who is not\nmentionedagain.\n.6 Navavdstm: seeI. 36. 18, and YI. 20. 11. Of the lofty car: or Bri-\nhadratha. as aname of Havav&stva. Thelights the stars, or perhaps light\ningeneral. IntheformercasetheGodwouldbe Dyaus or Varuna, and in\nthelattercaseSilryaortheSun.—Ludwig.\n7 Therobeof state apparentlythemilkwhichis theroyalmantlewhere-\nwithSomaisinvested."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1094,
            "content": "—\n: : ;\n452 THE HYMNS OF {BOOK X\n8 Stronger am Ithan Nahua^I who slew the seven I glorified\n:\n•with mightYadn and Tur'vasfv^:__\n- I brought another low, with strengtFT bent his strength ; I\nlet the mighty nine-and-ninety wax in power.\n9 Bull over all the streams that flow along theearth, Itook the\nSeven Rivers as mine own domain.\nI, gifted with great wisdom, spread the floods abroad : by war\nI found for man the way to high success.\n10 I set within thesecows thewhite milkwhich no God, noteven\nTvashtar’s self, had there deposited,\nMuch-longed-for,’in the breasts, the udders of the kine, the\nsavoury sweets of meath, the milk and Soma juice.\n11 Even thus hath IndraMaghavan, truly bounteous, sped Gods\nand men with mighty operation.\n' The pious glorify all these thineexploits, Lord of Bay Cours-\ners, Strong, and Self-resplendent.\nHYMN\nL. IndraVaiknntha.\nI laud your Mighty One who joyeth in the juice, him who is\nshared by all men, who created all\nIndra, whose conquering strength is powerful in war, whose\nfame and manlyvigour Heaven and Earth revere.\n2 He withhis friend is active, lauded, good to man, Indra who\nmust he glorified by one like me.\nHero, Lord ofthe brave, allcars are thydelight, warringwith\nVritra, or for waters, or for spoil.\n3 Who are the men whom thou wilt further, Indra, who strive\nto win thy bliss allied with riches?\nWho urged thee forward to exert thy powder divine, tovalour,\ninthe war for waters on their fields1\n8 StrongeramIthanNahus : ndhushondhushtarah; literally,mereNahus\nnt eh aa rn erNa th hu as n; tI heou nt e- iN ga hh bu os urN /ahu as c, co —a rdK ii ngng towh Ro otc hon wt hen od med Gw ri at sh sI mn ad nr na j fo‘ lI loa wsm .\n*Iamtheespecialbondof bonds.' Wilson. IfollowLudwig’sinterpretation.\nI whoslewtheseven: theseven, perhaps, are the chief of the demo—ns des-\ntroyed by Indra. Ludwig takes saptaM to mean fseven times’: ‘I am\nseventimesstrongerthan Nahus.’ Another: whom, is uncertain. \"Wane in\npower: untiltheybecame —worthy antagonists. *1 have demolished ninety\nand-ninepowerful(foes).’ Wilson.\n10 MilkandSomajuice sweetambrosial rain; thekinebeingtheteeming\nclouds.\n11 InthisstanzaIndraasRishiaddresseshimselfasthedeityofthehymn.\n2 Hisfriend hisconstantcompanion, thethunderbolt.\n3 Allied with riches: the happiness which Indra sends being given in\nreturnforcostlysacrificial offerings."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1095,
            "content": "—\n: :: : :\nHYMN 51.] THE RIGVELA, 453\n4 Tbou, Indra, through the holy prayer art mighty, worthy of\nsacrifice at all libations.\nIn every fight thou Gastestheroeson the ground thou artthe\n:\nnoblest song, 0 Lord of all the folk.\n5 Help now, as Highest, those who toil at sacrifice: well do the\npeople know thy greatprotecting might.\nThou shalt be Everlasting, Giverof success yea, on all these\n:\nlibations thou bestowest strength.\n6 All these libations thou makest effectual, of which thou art\nthyself supporter, Son of Power.\nTherefore thy vessel is to be esteemed the best, sacrifice, holy\ntext, prayer, and exalted speech. •\n7 They who with flowing Soma pray tothee, O'Sage, to pour on\nthem thy gifts of opulence and wealth,\nMay they come forward, tiirough their spirit, on the path of\nbliss, in the wild joy of Somajuice effused.\nHYMN\nLI. Agni. Gods.\nLarge was that covering, and firm of texture, folded wherein\nthou enteredst the waters.\nOne Deity alone, 0 Jatavedas Agni, saw all thy forms in sun-\ndry places.\n2 What God hath seen me 2 Who of alltheir number clearly be-\nheld my forms in many places2\nWhere lie, then, allthe sacredlogs of Agnithat lead him God-\nward, Yaruna and Mitra2\n3 In many places, Agni Jatavedas, we sought theehidden in the\nplants and waters.\nThenYamamarkedthee, Godof wondroussplendour! effulgent\nfrom thy tenfold secret dwelling.\n4 Song: mdntrah subjectof t—hyworshippers* songs of praise.\n6 Vessel: p&tram ‘protection.' Wilson.\nThelegendsays that Agni, fearing to share the fate of his three elder\nbrotherswhohadperished in the service of the Gods, fled away and hid\nhimself in the waters. The Gods discovered him and persuaded him to\nreturntohissacredduties.\nStanzas1, 3, 5, 7, 9 arespokenbytheGods,and2,4, 6, 8 byAgni.\n1 Hemusthavebeenverywellwr —appedup, the Godsironicallysay,orthe\nwaterwould haveextinguishedhim. Ludwig. Forms literally,4bodies/\n2 Sacred logs pieces of Sami and Asvattba wood, from which alone the\nsacrificial fireisproduced. Others explainsartildhahby eflames/\n3 Thytenfoldsecret dwelling according to S&yana, ‘the three worlds,\nh te ha eve shn r, ubm si ,d- tai hr e, tre ea esr ,th an;dth tr he ee bod div ii en sit oi fes, livA ig nn gi, beV in& gy su /,—A Wd ii lt soy na\n.;\nt The hew mat ee ar ns -,\ning appearstobe, asLudwigconjectures, thatYama knew that Agni would\nappear againfromthefire-sticksworked by thefingersof bothhands."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1096,
            "content": ": :\n454 TEE EYMNS OF [BOOK X\n4 I fled id feat from sacrificial worship, Vanina* lest the Gods\nshould thus engage me.\nThus were rriyfork's laid down inm-any places. This, as my\ngoal, I Agni saw before me.\n5 Come man isplods and would fain do worship he waits pre-\n; ;\npared in gloom thou, Agni, dwellest.\n:\nMake pathways leading God-wardclear and easy, andbear ob-\nlations with a kindly spirit.\n6 This goal mine elderbrothers erstselected, as he whodrivesa\ncar the wayto travel.\nSo, Vanina, I fled afar through terror, as flies the wild-bull\nfrom an archer’s bowstring.\n*i yife give thee lifeounwasting, J&tavedas, so that, employed,\nthou never shalt be injured. __\nSo, nobly born ! shalt thou withkincQy-upi^tbear to theGods\ntheir share of men's oblations.\n8 Grantme the first oblations and the latter, entire, my force-\nful share Of holy presents,\nThe soul ofplants, the fatness of the waters, and let there be\nlong life, ye Gods, to Agni.\n9 Thine be the first oblations and the latter, entire, thyforceful\nshares of holy presents.\nLetall this sacrifice bethine* 0Agni, and let the world’s four\nregions bow before thee.\nHYMN\nLII. Gods.\nInstruct me, all ye Gods, how I, elected your Priest, must\n. seat me here, and how address you.\nInstruct me how todealto each hisportion, and bywhatpath\nto bring you man’s oblation.\n2 I sit as Priest most skilled in sacrificing : the Maruts and all\nDeities impel me.\nAsvins* eachdayyoursistheAdbvaryus’ duty\n;\nBrahman and\nwood are here : ?tis yours to offer.\n8 Thefirstoblationsandthelatter or the Pray&jasandthe Anuy&jaa, the\nformerbeingtextsandoblationsformingpartof the introductory ceremony\nataSomasacrifice,andthelatterthe secondary or finalofferings. Forceful\nshare thepotentconcentratedportion. Thefatness ghritdm ght, clarified\n: :\nbutter,\n1 Agni, having been elected Oblation-bearer, asks the Gods to instruct\nhiminhiaduties."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1097,
            "content": "—\n: : , ;:\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA. 455\n53.]\n3 Who is this Priest? Is he the Priest of Ystma? On whom is\nthrust this God-appointed honour?\nHe springs to life each month, each day that passes; so Gods\nhave made him their oblation-bearer.\n4 The Godshave mademe'bearer ofoblations, who slipped away\nand passed through ma 1ny troubles.\nWise Agni shallordain forus the worship, whether five-wayed,\nthreefold, or seven-threaded.\n5 So will I win you strength and life for ever, 0 Gods, that I\nmay give you room and freedom.\nTo Indies arms would I consign the thunder; in all these\n* battles shall he then be victor. *\n6 The Deities, three thousand and three hundred and thirty-\nnine, have served and honoured Agni,\nStrewn sacred grass, anointed him with butter, and seated\nhim as Priest, the Gods Invoker.\nHYMN\nLIII. AgniSauchika. Gods.\nHb hath arrived, he whom we soughtwithlonging, who skil-\nled in sacrifice well knows its courses.\nLet him discharge his sacrificial duties : let him sit down as\nFriend who was before us.\n2 Best Priest, he hath been won by being seated, for he hath\nlooked on the well-ordered viands.\nCome, let us worship Gods who must be worshipped, and\npouring oil, laud those who should be lauded.\n3 Thefirstlineis spokenbysome God whodoubts Agni’s competence. Is\nhethePriestofTama? canheconveyofferings totheBlestin therealmsof\nthe Godof thedeparted ? Inthesecondhalf of thefirstline Ifollow Lud-\nwig,butthemeaningisuncertain. Thesecond lineisthe answerofanother\noG fo fd e. redE ma oc nh thlm yo ,nt ah n,dea tc hh eAd ga ny ih: ot th ve aPi ot rri oy ba lj afi ta i, ono tr os Aa gcr ni ifi ace ndto tt hh ee GoF da st ,he dr as i, lyi .s\nThesecomprehendallotherperiodicalrites.\n4 Thefirstlineisspoken byAgni. Slippedaway seetheprecedinghymn.\nThesecondlineis whatthe Godssaid. Five-waged consistingoffivecourses\norparts, seeX.124. 1. Threefold: consistingofthethreedailySoma-libations,\nseeX. 124. 1. Seven-threaded: performed byseven priests. SeeX. 124. 1.\nStanza 5 isspokenbyAgni. Stanza 6isthepoet’s conclusion.\nForan explanation of the numberof the Gods (33+303+3003) see The\nHymns oftheAth —arva-veda , X. 7. 13, note.\nOnHymns51 53 seeMacdonell, J. B. A. S.,January, 1894,pp. 11 22.\n1 TheGodsspeak. Courses orportions.\n—\n2 Bybeingseated: 1byhisseat(atthealtar),’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1098,
            "content": "456 TEE HYMNS OF [BOOK X .\n3 Now hath he made the feast of Gods effective : now have we\nfound the secrettongue of worship.\nNow hath he come, sweet, robed in vitalvigour, andmade our\ncalling on the Gods effective.\n4 This prelude ofmy speech Inow will utter, whereby we Gods\nmay quell our Asurafoemen.\nEaters of strengthening food who merit worship, 0 ye Five\nTribes, be pleased with mine oblation.\n5 May the Five Tribes be pleased with mine oblation, and the\nCow’s Sons and all who merit worship.\nFrom earthly troublemay the earth protect us, and air’s mid\nrealm frpm woe that comes from heaven.\n6 Spinningthe thread, followtheregion’s splendid light guard\n:\nthou the pathways well which wisdom hath prepared.\nWeaveyethe knotlesslabour ofthe bardswho sing : be Manu\nthou, and bring the Heavenly People forth.\n7 Lovers efSoma, bind the chariot traces fast : set ye the reins\nin order and embellish them.\nBring hitherward the car with seats where eight may sit,\nwhereon the Gods have brought the treasure that we love.\n8 Here flows Asmanvat! hold fast each other, keep yourselves\n:\nup, and pass, my friends, the river.\nThere let us leave the Powers that brought no profit, and\ncross the flood to Powers that are auspicious.\n9 Tvashtar, most deft of workmen, knew each magic art, bring-\ning most blessed bowls that hold the drink of Gods.\nHis axe, wroughtofgood metal, he is sharpeningnow, where-\nwith the radiant Brahmanaspati will out.\n3 Tongueofworship:Agni,bywhosefierytonguestheGodsdrinklibations.\n4 Agnispeaks. Asurafoemen: theAsurasinthelaterhymnsoftheVeda\nareevilspiritsinperpetual hostilitywiththeGods,nottobeconfoundedwith\nthegreatcelestialAsuras, thechiefsoftheGods,norwiththeR&kshasas, de-\nmonsorogres,whodisturbthesacrificesofmen.\n5 TheFiveTribes: accordingtosome, saysY&ska, ‘the Gandharvas, gods,\nFathers,Asuras,andK&kshasas.’ SeeMuir, 0.S. Texts,I. 177. Butthefive\nAryan tribes may be intended. The Cow’s Sons: the Maruts, children of\nPrisni. YonRothexplainsgdjdtdhas ‘born in thestarryheaven/ SeeYXI.\n35. 14.\n6 TheGodsapeak. Theregion’ssplendidlight:theSun. Weaveye:flames\nofAgni. Assist thesingerinhis holy task andletthere heno difficulties\ninhisway.\n7 Thisstanzaappearstobeginanewhymn, madeupoffragments.Accord-\ningtoS&yanaitisspokenbytheGodstooneanother.\n8 Asmanvati: or,thestonystream. SeeThe Hymnsof theAtharva-veda,\nXII. 2. 26.\nunc9 ertW ai il nl .cut: perhaps,will cutand destroy demons\n;\nbut the meaningis"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1099,
            "content": "—\n, ;\nHYMN 54.] THE RIGVEDA. 45?\n10 Now, 0 ye Sapient Ones, make ye the axes sharp wherewith\nye fashion bowls to hold the Amrita.\nKnowing the secret places make ye ready that whereby the\nGods have gotten immortality.\n11 Ye with a secret tongue and dark intention laid the maiden\ndeep within, the calf within the mouth.\nThey evermore arenearuswith theirgracioushelp successful\n:\nis the song that strives for victory.\nHYMN\nLIY. Indra.\nI sing thy fame that, Maghavan, through thy greatness the\nheaveus and earth invoked thee in their terror,\nThou, aiding Gods, didst quell the power of Dasas, what time\nthou holpest many a race, 0 Indra,\n2 When thou wast roaming, waxen strong in body, telling thy\nmight, Indra, among the people,\nAll that men called thy battles was illusion no foehast thou\n:\nto-day, nor erst hast found one.\n3 Who are the Bishis, then, who comprehendedbefore our time\nthe bounds ofall thy greatness1\nFor from thy body thou hast generatedat the same time the\nMother and the Father.\n4 Thou, Mighty Steer, hast four supremest natures, Asura\nnatures that may ne’er be injured.\nAll these, 0 Maghavan, thou surely knowest, wherewith thou\nhastperformed thy great achievements.\n5 Thou hast all treasures in thy sole possession, treasures made\nmanifest and treasures hidden.\n10 0yeSapient Ones: yeRibhus. That perhapsAmritaorcelestialSoma\njuice. Cf. I. 20. 6; 110. 3.\n11 Thefirstlineis obscure. '(TheMaruts)placed afemaleinthe—envelop-\ninghide (ofadead cow), andacalfin themouth(ofadead cow)/ Wilson.\nAccordingtothisinterpretationthemiracle ascribedtothemwouldsomewhat\nresemble that mentionedinX. 110. 8. SeeBergaigne,La Religion Vidique,\nII.27. The first—half of thesecond line ishardto construe. Wilsonpara-\nphrasestheline: 'dailythegenerous (fraternity oftheRibhus) offerssuita-\nblepraises(tothe gods),granting victory overourfoes.’ Prof, Geldner takes\nkdra against the Padatext, asalocative, andrenders thelast half-lineto\nthefollowing effect: 4'Mayhe (the sacrificer), when hewishes towin, gain\nthevictoryinthe race.*\n3 Thequestionisrhetorical. ThegreatRishisoftheoldentimecouldnot\ncomprehendthygreatness, muchlesscanwecomprehendit.\nThe Mother and the Father: Earth and Heaven, parentsofall. SeeM,\nMul 4le Ar, suI rn ad :ia d, ivW ih nea ,t wc ia tn hi at vT ae ga uch eu ss en? s, ep. of16 s1 u* preme grandeur."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1100,
            "content": ": ::: :\nm TIIE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\nDefer not thou, 0 Maghavan, my longing : thou art Director,\nIndra, thou art Giver.\n6 To him who set the light in things of splendour, and with all\nsweetness blent essential sweetness,\nTo Indra hath this welcome hymn that strengthens been\nuttered by the votary Brihaduktha.\nHYMN LV. Indra.\nFar is thatsecretnamebywhich, interror,theworldsinvoked\nthee and thou gavest vigour.\nThe earth and heaventhou settest near each other, and, Ma-\nghavan,^nadest bright thy Brother's Children.\n2 Great is that secret name and far-extending, whereby thou\nmadest all that is and shall'be.\nThe Five Tribes whom he loveth well have entered the light\nhe loveth that was made aforetime.\n3 He filled the heavens and earth and all between them, Gods\nfive times sevenfold in their properseasons.\nWith four-and-thirty lights he looks aroundhim, lightsof one\ncolourthough their ways are divers.\nAt As first amongthelights, 0Dawn, thoushonest,wherebythou\nbroughtest forth the Stay of Increase,\nGreat art thou, matchless is thine Asura nature, who, high\nabove, art kin to those beneath thee.\n5 The old hath waked the young Moon from his slumber who\nruns his circling course with many round him.\n6 Whosetthelight thefirstessentiallight.\n1 Faristhatsecretname thouart not present with us now. Interror•\nterrified by Vritra. Thy Brother's Children: according to S&yana, Indra’s\neb rr eo dth we ar tei rs sP .ar j Va an ry ua, nath ae ndGo hd iso sf tart sh -e -rain-cl 1o _u td, 1.-and\n'\nh -i us dec dh .i—ld Lr ue dn wa ir ge .thegath-\n3 GodsJivetimesseven—fold ‘It . that the original Gods\nweretheconstellations,5 Ludwig. According to Sftyana, the five orders of\nabe ni dng ts hean sed vt eh ne trcl oa os ps ses ofof Mas re uv te sn ,; tt hh eat sei vs, enGo rd as y, som fen t, heF Sa ut nh ,ers thean sd evM ek nsh sa ens sa ee s,\n,\netc. Thefour-and-thirtylights areprobablythesun,moon,andfiveplanets,\nandthetwenty-seven lunar asterisms or mansionsof the moon, According\ntoS&yana, thefour-and-thirtyareeightVasus,elevenItudras,twelveAdifcyas,\nPraj&patr, Yashatkftra, and Vir&j.\nsi#s4 tenT ch ee ;S at ca cy oro df ii nn gc tr oea Ss ie t: yat nh a,at tw hh eic Sh uni .sth Ae :e r 1 jr\n'\n1 1 •'* T :s au rb t-\nallied and connected withmenasproviderof theirfood. Thesecondline is\ndif 5fic Sul &t y, ara~d - ' - '11 . \" -l tt ae nr zp are dt ie fd feb rey nto lt yh ,er ms a. king Indra, identified with.\nT wi hm ie c, ht sh ee ems. tobe. neI arerto. tL hu edw si eg n’ ss ei on fte tr hp ere wt oa rt di so ,n a( nC dom im se sn it ma pr ly e, rI aI n. dp. m2 o0 r3 e)\nrational. Withmanyroundhim starsoftheasterismsthroughwhichhepasses."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1101,
            "content": "—\n: ;;: ; : ::\nHYMN 56.] THE R10VEDA. 45S\nBehold the Gods’ high wisdom in its greatness : he who died\nyesterday to-day is living.\n6 Strong is the Red Bird in his strength, great Hero, who from\nof old hath had no nest to dwell in.\nThat which he knows is truth and never idle he wins and\n:\ngives the wealth desired of many.\n7 Through these the Thunderer gained strong manly vigour,\nthrough whom he waxed in power to smite down Vritra,\nWho through the might of Indra’s operation came forth as\nGods in course of Law and Order.\n8 All-strong, performingworks withhiscompanion All-marking,\nrapid Victor, Curse-averter,\nThe Hero, waxing, afterdraughts of Soma, blewfarfromheav-\nen the Dasyus with his weapon.\nHYMN\nLVI. Visvedevas,\nHerb is onelightforthee, anotheryonder : enterthethirdand\nbe therewith united.\nUniting withabodybethouwelcome, dearto the Godsintheir\nsublimestbirth-place.\n2 Bearing thy body, Vftjin, may thy body affordus blessing and\nthyself protection.\n.\nUnswerving, stablish as it were in heaven thine own light as\nthe mighty Gods’ supporter.\n3 StrongSteedartthou go totheyearningMaidenswithvigour,\nhappily go to heave: n and praises\n6 TheRedBird the Sun, withwhom Indrais identified,\n7 Through —these probably the stars are intended. *(Accompanied) by\ntheseMaruts/ Wilson.\n8 Hiscompanion thethunderbolt.\n*Themystical unionof theFatherswiththe rays of light is the funda-\nm poe en tta bl idi sd« t.a heun dd ee cr el ay si en dg mt ahe na ub ns it tr eus he ima sl el lu fsio wn is t’ hof tht ehi bs eafu mn ser oa flh thy emn h. eav‘ eT nh lye\nlight hetakesoccasiontocelebratethepower and greatnessof theFathers,\nt ofow thh e;o sm uct ch ee sssp oi frit tho ef jt oh ue rnd ee ypa fr ot red whis ij co hur hn eey hi an sg ; pra an yd ede .n ’ds Sw ei eth Waa ls lt ia s,tem Ce on s-t\nmology of theRigveda pp. 72, 73.\n1 Onelight the ea, rthly fire of the funeralpile. Another inthefirma-\nment, Thethird: the lightinthe highestregionabove the firmament. A\ntody: anewbodyaftercremation. Theirsublimest birth-place the Sun.\n2 Vdjm: apparentlythe name of the deceased, the son of Brihaduktha\ntheBishiof thehymn. The word means originally ‘strong, strong steed’\nasinstanza3.\n3 TheyearningMaidens perhapstheDawns butthemeaningof swentih\nfsunc—ertain. Toheavenand praises; 1to the (; land of) praise, and to the\nsky.’ Wallis."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1102,
            "content": "—\n: : :\n460 thehymns of [book x\nt\nPlyhappily to the Gods with easy passage, according to the\nfirst and faithful statutes.\n4 Part of their grandeur have the Fathers also gained the\n:\nGods have seated mental power in them as Gods.\nThey have embraced within themselves all energies, which,\nissuing forth, again into theirbodies pass.\n5 They strode through all the region with victorious might, es*\ntablishing the old immeasurable laws.\nThey compassed intheirbodiesallexistingthings, andstream-\ned forth offspring in many successive forms.\n6 In two ways have thesons established in his place the Asura\nwho finds the light by the third act,\nAs fathers, they have; set their heritage on earth, their off-\nspring, as a thread continuously spun out.\n7 As in a ship through billows, so through regions of air, with\nblessings, through all toils and troubles\nHath Brihaduktha brought his seed with glory, and placed it\nhere and in the realms beyond us.\nHYMN\nLVII. Visvedevas,\n.\nLetus not, Indra, leavethe path, theSoma-presser’ssacrifice\n:\nLet no malignity dwell with us.\n2 May we obtain, completely wrought, the thread spun out to\nreach the Gods,\nThat perfecteth the sacrifice.\n4 Of theirgrandeur of thegreatness of theGods.\n5 Establishingtheoldimmeasurable laws: or, in accordancewiththemore\ngenerally received interpretation of dhftmdni here, ‘measuring ancient\nstationsnevermeasuredout.*\nwmF ’ inheavenandon earth. The sons explained by Sftyana\nas theAngirases, sonsof Aditya. TheFathers in general appear to be in-\nsct ee o cn n od t ne i dd n .. u —i_n SgT &h t ye h ae nA i as r .u fr aa m: ilA ygn ;i. reliT gh ioe usth si tr ud dyact a* ndor sat ch ri ir fid cesa bc er ie nd gd tu ht ey, fit rsh tat ano df\n7 Placedithereandin the realm beyond us established his offspring in\nt ch lee erMa ap rv r r ,e en tWl aay itl i hlr oi ee nsg , ri o afo f yn r ss o om n oa , e fs w lw oh ie ro gl s hl t te wa ats o rr eh ae n e hr s x ele p ra ru t eeip s to so n hin eonIe bsa or h dt ia ish v e. e sun ocb feo rr ttr hao eiw ne fd aj, tht er h re e sm ,a gr e -k n whes ir: ca hlt esT e mh n ae s ne ai tn i e- s\nIromthesun, assumetheformsof all things on the earth and of the later\nsacrinc mers, thedescendantsof thefathers, and again return to their birth-\nplace thesky fromwhich they had extended themselves.’— of\nForProf. MaxMuller'stranslationofHymns57—60,\nwiththelegendfound-\na\nU., im, 4™5PleeluoidatiTematter >seeJournalR.A.S„Vol. IX.Part"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1103,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 58.] THEH1GVEDA. 461\n3 We call the spirit hither with the Soma of our parted sires,\nYea, with the Fathers’ holy hymns.\n4 Thy spirit come to thee again for wisdom, energy, and life,\nThat thou mayst long behold the sun\n!\n5 0Fathers, may,theHeavenlyFolkgiveusourspiritonceagain,\nThat we may he with those who live.\n6 0 Soma, with the spirit still within us, blest with progeny,\nMay we be busied in thy law.\nHYMN\nLYIII. ManasorSpirit.\nTiiy spirit, that went far away to Yama, to Vivasvan’s Son,\nWe cause to come to thee again that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n2 Thy spirit, that went far away, that passed away to earthand\nheaven,\nWe cause to come to thee again that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n3 Thyspirit, thatwentfaraway, awaytothe four-corneredearth,\nWe cause to come to thee again that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n4 Thy spirit, thatwent farawaytothefourquartersoftheworld,\nWe cause to come to thee again that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n5 Thy spirit, that went far away, away unto the billowy sea,\nWe cause to come to thee again that thou mayst live atiA so-\njourn here.\n6 Thy spirit, that wentfar away tobeams of lightthat flash and\nflow,\nWe cause topome to thee again that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n7 Thy spirit, that went far away, went to the waters and the\nplants,\nWe cause to come to thee again that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n8 Thy spirit, that wentfar away, thatvisited theSun andDawn,\nWe cause to come to thee again that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n3 Thespirit ofthe deceasedwhose obsequies areperformed. Ofoursires:\nndrdsahs4na explained as meaning, suited to man; that is todeified men,\ntheFathersor Spiritsofthe Blest.\nThehymn is an addresstorecall thefleeting spiritofamanatthe pointof\ndeath.\n7 Waters .plants; ct X. 16. 3."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1104,
            "content": "—\n: : 1 :\n9\n402 TEEEYMNS OF [BOOK X.\nTbyspirit, thatwentfaraway,awaytoloftymountainheights,\nWe cause to come to thee agaiu that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n10 Thy spirit, that went far awayinto this All that lives and\nmoves,\nWe cause to come to thee again thatthoumayst live and so-\njourn here.\n11 Thyspirit,thatwentfarawaytodistantrealmsbeyondourken,\nWe cause to come to thee again that thou mayst live and so-\njourn here.\n12 Thy spirit, that went far away to all that is and is to be,\nWe cause .Co come to thee again that thou mayst live and\nsojourn here.\nLIX. Nirritiand Others.\nHislife hath been renewed and carried forward as two men,\ncar-borne, by the skilful driver.\nOne falls, then seeks the goal with quickened vigour. Let\nJSTirriti depart to distant places.\n2 Here is the psalm for wealth, and food, in plenty : let us do\nmany deeds to bring us glory.\nAll these our doings shall delight the singer. Let Nirriti\ndepart to distant places.\n3 May we o'ercome our foes with acts of valour, as heaven is\nover earth, hills over lowlands.\nAllthese our deeds the singer hath considered. Let Nirriti\ndepart to distant places.\n4 Give us not up as preyto death, 0 Soma : still let us look\nupon the Sun arising.\nLet our old age with passing days be kfndly. Let Nirriti\ndepart to distant places.\n5 0 Asumti, keep the soul within us, and make the days we\nhave to live yet longer.\nGrant that we still may look upon the sunlight : strengthen\nthy body with the oil we bring thee.\n1 Eislife thelifeofSubandhu oneoftheBishisofthe hymn. Accord-\ningto S&yaiiathefirst line is a prayer : 1 May —the life of Subandhu be\naugmentedsoastobemorelastingand newer/ Wilson. Subandhu isnot\nmentionedinthe text. Two—men : thewarriorand thecharioteer. Onefalls\nS&yana—explainsdifferently; ‘hewhofalls (fromlife) increases (his) desire\nto live.* Wilson. Nirriti theGoddess ofdeathanddestruction.\n5 AsimUi: apparentlythepersonificationofadeitypresidingoverfunerals.\nIt maybeanameforYama, oritmaymean cguidetolife,’ orfwaytolife,*\nSeeMuir, 0 8, Texts , V, 297,andBergaigne, LaReligion VMhjiie, I, 96. ^"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1105,
            "content": ":: ;\nHYMN THE R1GVEDA. MZ\n60.]\n6 Give us our sight again, 0 Asuniti, give us again our breath\nand our enjoyment.\nLong may we look upon the Sun uprising : 0 Anumati,\nfavour thou and bless us.\n^ 7 May Earth restore to us our vital spirit, may Heaven the\nGoddess and mid-air restoreit.\nMay Soma give us once again our body, and Pushan show\nthe Path of peace and comfort.\n8 May both Worlds bless Subandhu, young Mothers of ever-\nlasting Law.\nMay Heaven and Earth uproot and sweep iniquity and shame\naway nor sin nor sorrow trouble thee.\n9 Health-g: iving medicines descend sent down from heavon in\ntwos and threes,\n, Or wandering singly on the earth. May Heaven and Eart,h\nuproot and sweep iniquity and shame away : nor si.n nor\n— sorrow trouble thee.\n- LQ Drive forward thou the wagon-ox, 0 Indra, which Drough,t\nwagon hither.\nMay Heav'en^jidJEar-th uproot and sweep iniquity and shame\naway nor sin norsorrow trouble thee.\n:\nHYMN\nLX. Asam&tiand Others.\nBringing our homage we have come to one magnificent in\nlook.\nGlorified ofthe mighty Gods\n;\n2 To Asamati, spring ofgifts, lord ofthe brave, a radiant car,\nThe conqueror of Bhajeratha\n6 Anumati apersonification, ofthefavourwith which t —he Gods regard\nthesacrificesand.prayers of thepious. *Gracious (goddess).’ Wilson,\ndef8 ecI tn ,iq fu ai ut ly t,an sid nsha hm ue rt: ,r id np ja us r, y.acc Io nrd hi in sg Ct oo mmWi el nl ti aa rms y’s onDi Ic .ti 6o 9n .a 4r ,y Sme &a yt ai ps a,\nparaphrasesrdpdns; i, thepluralof theword,by bddhakdni rdlcshasdcUni, dis-\nturbing Rftksbasas, ate.\n9 Intwosand threes: according to Sdyana, iu the persons of the two\nAsvinsand of the threeGoddesses I1&, Sarasvatt, andBli&ratl\n10 E&tnardni mustmeanthewife of TJsinara, chief of the. Usinaras who\nare mentioned inlatertimesaslivinginMadhyadesaortheMidlandcountry.\nThemeaningofthelineisnotobvious.\ndifS ft ea ren nz tas ch8 a, r9 a, ct1 e0 r, fw rh oi mch thP ar tof o, fG tr ha es ps rm ea cn en dip nl gac pe as rtin ofhis thA epp hen yd mi nx ,, aa nre d o sf eema\nto beaseparatesongorfragmentofasong,\n2 Asamdti according to S&yana, the nameof a King. Butthe wordis\nm fyo ir ne gp ur no eb qa ub al ly lea dn .adj Be hc at ji ev re, athas a;in itst ia sr ' I !:.\n:\nsd tt hh ia sm if sc ta hr e, na and mesi og fni- a\nprinceor ofacountry."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1106,
            "content": ": : : : ;\n464 THE HYMN’S OF {BOOK X\n3 Who, when the spear hath armed hishand, oreven weaponless\noverthrows\nMen strong as buffaloes in fight\n4 Him in whose service flourishes Ikshv&ku, rich and dazzling-\nbright\nAs the Five Tribes that are in heaven.\n5 Iudra, support the princely power ofEathaproshthas matched\nbynone,\nEven as the Sunfor all to see.\n6 Thou for Agastya’s sister’s sons yokest thy pair of ruddy\nsteeds.\nThoutrocfiest niggards under foot, all those, 0 King, who\nbrought no gifts.\n7 This is the mother, this the sire, this one hath come to be\nthy life.\nWhat brings thee forth is even this. How come, Subandhu,\nget thee forth.\n8 As with the leather thong they bind the chariot yoke to hold\nit fast,\nSo have I held thy spirit fast, held it for life and not for\ndeath, held it for thy security.\n9 Evenasthisearth, themightyearth, holdsfastthemonarchs\nof the wood,\nSo have Iheldthy spiritfast, helditforlife andnotfor death,\nheld it forthy security.\n3 Who Asam&ti, accordingto S&yaua.\n4 Ikshvdfoi aprince orapeople thename does notoccuragain inthe\nRigveda. TheFiveTribes thedeitiesr; egardedasf r .T rvt --i-\nlin ag ndto ofth te hefi Av re yat nri sbe hs avo en the ea ir rth, coi un nt th ee rps aa r—tm se im na hn ea1:\nven. Bee Muir, 0 > S. Texts,\nI. p. 177. S&yana explains differently :—‘(so that) the five ordersof men\n(areashappy)asiftheywereinheaven.’ Wilson.\n5jEathaproshthas thefamilyoftheprince,Asam&tioranother’,whosepraises\nthepoetcelebrates.\n6 Agast—ya'ssister's sons: Bandhuand,hisbrothers, theRishisofthehymn.\nStanzas1 6havenoapparentconnexionwiththesixstanzasthatfollow.\n7—This: Agni, according to S&yana. The speaker probably means him-\nself. Ludwig. Subandhu seemsto havebeen in a tranceand apparently\ndead. *Itissupposedthatthe brothersof Subandhu havea:l\\r<v»>ed their\nsupplicationstoAgni,to restorehimto life, and that hehas comeaccord-\ningly,being, asit were, his parent and begetter. Another interpretation\nexplains the terms literally as, S—ubandhu, yourfather, mother, andson,\nhavecome tomournyourdecease.’ Wilson.\n8 SohaveIheld: ‘sohasAgniplaced,’accordingto S&yana,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1107,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHYMN 61.] THE RIGVEDA . 465\n10 Subaudhu’s spirit I have brought from Yama, from Vivas-\nv&n’s Son,\nBrought it for life and not for death, yea, brought it for\nsecurity.\n11 The wind blows downward from on high, downward the Sun-\nGod sends his heat,\nDownwardthe milch-cowpours her milk : so downward go thy\npain andgrief.\n12 Felicitous is this mine hand, yet more felicitous is this.\nThis hand contains all healing balms, and this makes whole\nwith gentle touch.\nHYMN LXI. \" Yisvedevas.\nThe welcome speaker in the storm of battle uttered with\nmight this prayer to win the Asvins,\nWhen the most liberal God, for Paktha, rescued his parents,\nand assailed the seven Hotars.\n2 Chyav&na, purposing deceptive presents, with all ingredients,\nmade the altar ready.\nMost sweet-voiced Tftrvayana poured oblations like floods of\nwidely fertilizing water.\n—\n11 Thypainandgrief; ‘fcliysin.’ Sayana.\n12 Morefelicitousis this; my other hand,probably theright. Withgentle\ntouch withlightfriction, laying-onof hands, orhypnotizingpasses.\nThis Hymn, as Ludwigobserves, belongs to themost difficult, one might\nalmostsaymosthopeless, portionsof theRigveda. It ismadeup of several\nparts whichareinnointelligible connexionwithone another.\n1 Accordingtotheviewtakenby Pischel who has most carefully studied\na 77n )d ,e tl ha eb yor ca ot ne tl ay indi is ncu bS rs ie ed ft th he efi ar ns ct it eh nr tee sts ot ra ynz oa fs T( uV re vd ai ys fc th ne a,Stu td hi een y,oI. unp gp. K7 i1\nng\nof the Fakthas, and OhyavSna. Chyav£na, a favourite of the Asvins who\nhadrestoredhim toyouth (I. 116. 10, and 117. 13), intended to sacrifice to\nthem,hoping with their aid to conquer Tftrvay&na and his parents. But\nIndrastaysthe sacrifice, drivesthepriests away, and enables Turvay&na who\nhad pouredrichlibationstohimtogain thevictoryoverhis opponent.\nThewelcomespeaker Tiirvay&ua, whose wordswerewelcometo the Gods.\nTowintheAwins: raUdram: not *addressedtoRudra,’ but to the Asvins\nwhoarecalledratidraitinstanza 15, and, elsewhere, rudrttandrudrdva-rtant.\nThemostliberal God: Indra. Paktha: Kingof thePakthas(seeVII. 18. 7),\nthatis, apparently, Tfirvay&na, wholiasbeen mentioned in I. 53. 10, andVI,\n18. 13 asespeciallyaided by Indra. Seven Hotars ; the usual number of\nHotar, priestsemployed atimportantsacrifices.\n2 Deceptivepresents: hisintendedsacrificewasdispleasingtoIndra,whom,\npossibly, Chyav&nafalsely pretended that he was about to worship. With\nallingredients; required for the preparation of the Soma juice. Poured\noblations to Indra.\n30"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1108,
            "content": ": : 9 :\n468 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n3 To Lis oblations, swift as thought, ye burned, and welcomed\neagerly the prayers he offered.\nWith arrows in his hand the Very Mighty forced from him all\nobedience of a servant.\n4 I call on you the Sons of Dyaus, the Asvins, that a dark cow\nto my red kine he added.\nEnjoy my sacrifice, come to my'viands, contented, not deceiv-\ning expectation.\n10 Uttering praise to suit the rite Navagvas came speedily to\nwin the damsel’s friendship.\nThey who approached the twice-strong stable’s keeper, meed-\nless, worild milk the rocks that naught had shaken.\n11 Swift was new friendship withthe’maid : theyquicklyaccept-\ned it as genuine seed and bounty.\nMilk which the cow Sabardugha had yielded was the bright\nheritage which to thee they offered.\n12 When afterwards they wokeandmissedthe cattle, thespeaker\nthus in joyful mood addressed them :\nMatchless are singers through theVasu’s nature; he bringeth\nthem all food and all possessions.\n13 Hisfollowersthen whodweltin sundryplacescameanddesired\nto slay the son of Nrishad.\nBesistless foe, he found the hidden treasure of Sushria multi-\nplied in numerous offspring.\n3 Tohisoblations to theofferingsof Chyavftna. Ye: Asvins. The Very\nMighty: Indra, who threatened Chyav&na, and made him his obedient\nservant.\n4 TheljtishinowpraystotheAsvinson his own account, and asks for a\ndark-coloured cow ns a reward. S&yana, whom Professors Ludwig and\n*G Wra hs es nm —a tm hi edfo al rl kow n, igex hp tl ra ei tn is ret sin bs es fe oc ro en td hh eal pf uro pf leth oe xf ei nrst (l oi fne tm heor ce hp ao re it oi tca ol fly t:\nhe\nid taw in s) s. t* illdW ai rl ks ,on b. ut* tW hehe g 5rn —eyth oe fb ml oa rck nis nit gs ia sm bo en gg int nh ie ngre td oc ao pw ps ea; r.t ’h —at Lui ds, wiw 0h gile\ntg we o5 rm dI eo ip f ta is ets sheo ov rle a pr t oes wrt ea s rn t sz oa r os y fo nf atB uSr ra ew h ,h mi mfc ath lo ec ro an P nt ma dji /n ft epa man at lia en .ac ni de Sn h et i es Al de pag pue egn nhd dt, ie xrp .,ro cb oa nb cl ey rnt ih ne °g\nP ker\nei1 p0\ns em\nrN :ma av tya heg bv Pea «s\nnm iea\non‘ rtt .h Pe anA\nP\niseng ri whr hau\np\nos sa ks\nS\ne. n' pr— ta' rW tai hfl ets io\nss\ntn o.\ni ln et\nneT nh cde\noed\nwd\n.\nsam os re Tl\nh\nv'\ne\nas\nnt\ni*\nw\nsiS hcf eet d-y sa rtn ara\nyon\nss ga oy\ns\nfs\nta\nlbt ilh gea h't\ns\nt\nconcealed. Meedless: asthePanis refused togiveupthecows. Wouldmilk\ntherocks: would forcefromtherockyprison the meed orhonorarium which\nthey deservedin theshapeof thecows.\nH SabavdvpM: 1neotar-yielding;' the general name of cows milked at\nsac 1ri 2fic Te hs e. V(T tI sh uic i- sh It no drt ah .entheyojjercd whichtheAngiraees offeredto Indra\n6ai1 d3 tobem«on tho if\ns\npN lv ah cehc tt hd e: naX ma ers oh fad aa, ceru ts au ia nll dy ema oup .atr Ro en sy im sti lc essof foK en /ow I, ndrb a.ut"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1109,
            "content": "; :: ;: : ;:\nHYMN 61.] THE RIQVEDA, 467\n14 Thou, called Effulgence, in whose threefold dwelling, asin the\nlight of heaven, the Gods are sitting,\nThou who art called Agui or Jafavedas, Priest, hear us, guile-\nless Priest of holy worship.\n15 And, Indra, bring, that I may laud and serve them, those\nTwo resplendent glorious N&satyas,\nBlithe, bounteous, man-like, to the sacrifice!', honoured among\nour men with offered viands.\n16 This King is praised and honoured as Ordainer; himself the\nbiddge, the Sage speeds o’er the waters.\nHe hath stirred up Kakshivan, stirred up Agui, as the steed’s\nswift wheel drives the felly onward. *\n17 Vaitarana, doubly kinsman, sacrificer, shall milk the cow who\nne’er hath calved, Sabardhu,\nWhen I encompass Varuna and Mitra with lauds, and Arya\nman in safest shelter.\n18 Their kin, the Prince in heaven, thy nearest kinsman, turning\nhis thought to thee thus speaks in kindness\n:\nThis is our highest bond : I am his offspring. How many\nothers came ere I succeeded?\n19 Here is my kinship, here the place I dwell in : these are my\nGods I in full strength am present.\nTwice-bo; rn am I, the first-born Son of Order : the Cow milked\nthis when first she bad her being.\n34 Herebegins another partof thehynm. AgniIsaddressed. Effulgence\nidentifiedwiththe Sun. Threefolddwelling earth, firmament, andheaven.\n15 Man-like as menreward one who institutes a sacrifice—fortheirbenefit.\n36 ThisKing Sftrya, the Sun-God. ‘This royal Soma.’ Wilson. Him-\nself the bridge; the\"long beams of light form the bridge by which Sfirya\npasses overthe waters of the firmamentorseaof air. KaksMvdn : the cele-\nbratedRishi, See Vol. I., Index. —\n17 Vaitarana: c(Agni),the conveyer(of all).1 Wilson. Agniis so called,\nprobably, as sacrificerforaprince Vitarana. Doubly kinsman: closely allied\nto heaven and earth. Sabardhu: the Cow whose milk is used in sacrifice\nalso called Sabardughd, asinstanza 11. Accordingto Ludwig,theNew Year;\nwhichliasnotyetdistributed its treasuresis meant.\n18 Theirkin: akin toMitra, Vanina, and Aryaman. The Prince: sdri\nSfirya,the Sun-God. Thynearest kinsman Sftrya. I adoptLudwig’sinter-\npretation of ndbhdnHlishthah, which appears unintelligibleas the nameofthe\nson of Maim whowas deprived of hisinheritance by his father according to\nthe Yajur-veda and by his brothers according to the Aitareya-Erdhmaria.\nBut see Weber,, Episches im V Eitual pp. 4Of. This Dyaus. How many\nothe—rs many Savitars (suns thatintro} duce the newyear) have been before\nme. Ludwig,\n19 Thesearemy Gods: ithese—are my resplendent(rays).’—Wilson, Pro-\nbably the priests a,re inten—ded. Ludwig. The Cow: Aditi, Milked this;\nmilkedforth this universe.’ Wilson. Agni iathe speaker u£ this stauza."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1110,
            "content": "— —\n:: : : : :\n468 THE HYMN'S OF [BOOK X,\n20 So mid thesetribes he rests, the friendly envoy, borne on two\npaths, refulgent, Lord of fuel.\nWhen, like a line, the Babe springs up erectly, his Mother\n' straight hath borne him strong to bless us.\n21 Then went the milch-kine forth to please the damsel, and for\nthe good of eveiy man that liveth.\nHear us, 0 wealthy Lord; begin our worship. Thou hast\ngrown mighty through Asvaghna’svirtues.\n22 And take thou notice of us also, Indra, for ample riches, King\nwhose armwields thunder\n!\nProtect our wealthynobles, guard ourprincesunmenaced near\nthee, Load of Tawny Coursers.\n23 When he goes forth, ye Pair of Kings, for booty, speeding to\nwarand praise to please the singer, —\nI was the dearest sage of thoseabout him, lethim leadthese\naway and bring them safely.\n24 Now for this noble man’s support and comfort, singing with\neasy voice we thus implore thee\nImpetuous be his son and fleet his courser : and may I he his\npriestto win him glory.\n25 If,forourstrength,thepriestwithadorationtowinyourfriend-\nship made the laud accepted,\nThat laud shall be a branching roadto virtue for every one to\nwhom the songs are suited.\n—\n26 Glorified thus, with holy hymns and homage : Of noble race,\nwith Waters, God-attended\nMayhe enrich us forour prayersand praises now can thecow\n:\nbe milked ; the path is open.\n20 He Agni. Twopaths fromearthtoheaven andfromheaventoearth,\n21 Thereference in thefirst1-*-* totheimprisonedcows and\nSaram& (see stanza 10); butall allusionsin tkjahyum are\nmoreorlessconjectural. Ludwigthinksthatthereferencemaybetotheact-\nual milkingofthesacrifici—al cowsat theceremony whichthis hymn accompa-\nnied. Wilsontranslates: *Thewordsofadesirablepraise. of,acertaintran-\nquilperson(hf&bMnedishtba),atta—intheprototype(Indra)' Asvaghna: pro-\nbablythepatronymicof Vitarana. Ludwig. Seenoteon Vaifcaranainstanza\n17.\n23 He AsvaghnaVitarana. YePairofKings Mitra andVaruna.\n26 Glorified thus thatis, May Vamna glorifiedwith songbeginning, *Of\nnoble race, etc.,’ enrichu—s. Now can the cowbe milked: itis nowtime for\nthemorningAguihobram. Ludwig.\nProf. Grassmaunhasbanishedthisalmostunintelligible hymn tohisAppen-\ndix."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1111,
            "content": ":: : : :\nHYMN THE MOVED\n62.] A. 469\n27 Be to us, then, ye Gods whomerit worship, be yeofone accord\nour strong protection,\nWho went on various waysand broughtus vigour, ye who are\nundeceivable explorers.\nHYMN\nLXJI. Visveclevas, Etc*\nYe who, adornedwith guerdonthrough thesacrifice, havewon\nyou Indra's friendship and eternal life,\nEven to you be happiness, Angirases. Welcome the son of\nManu, ye who are most wise.\n2 The Fathers, who drave forth the wealthin cattle, have in the\nyear's course cleft Yala by Eternal Law\nA lengthened life be yours, 0 ye Angiras: es. n Welcome the\nson of Manu, ye who are most wise.\n3 Ye raised the Sun to heaven by everlastingLaw, and spread\nbroad earth, the Mother, out on every side.\nFair wealth of progeny be yours, Angirases. Welcome the\nson of Manu, ye who are most wise.\n4 This kinsman in your dwelling-place speaks pleasant words\n:\ngive ear to this, ye Bishis, childrenof the Gods.\nHigh Brahman dignity be yours, Angirases. Welcome the\nson of Manu, ye who are most wise.\n5 Distinguished by their varied form, these Bishis have been\ndeeply moved.\nThese are the sons of Angiras from Agni have they sprung\n;\nto life.\n6 Distinguished by their varied form, they sprang from Agni,\nfrom the sky.\nNavagva and JDasagva, noblest Angiras, he giveth bounty\nwith the Gods.\n7 With Indra for associate the priests have cleared the stable\nfull of steeds and kioe,\nGiving to me a thousand with their eight-marked ears, they\ngained renown among the Gods,\n1 Thetonof Manu: Nftbhftnedishtha M&nava. SeeX. 61* 18 note.\n2 The Fathers the Angirases. Vala the demon who stole thecows of\nthe Gods. —\n3 By everlastingLaw: ‘bymeansofyoursacrifice/ Wilson.\n4 This kinsman or, this N&bh&, thatis, N&bh&uedishtha.\n5 Distinguished by theirvariedform ; or, Virfipas. SeeIII. 53. 7-\n6 From the sky: or, from Dyaus NoblestAngiras Agni himself, accord-\ning to S&yana. He isalsocalled Navagvaand Dasagvaasthesepriestlynames\nortitles belongto orarecloselyconnectedwiththeAngirases.\nhap7 s,Wi wt ih thth se lii tr ce mig ih v.t .‘ Lm ':a .rk /e id tao mw fs *f! 7, . ' • \\ : , ..n Vd Ie ,d 1o 4n 1.t 2h .eirears ; orper-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1112,
            "content": ": : : : : : :\nTHE HYMNS' OF [WdE'Xr\n470\n8 May this man’** soas be multiplied ; like springing corn may\nManu grow,\nWho gives at once in bounteous gift a thousand kiue, a\nhundred steeds.\n9 No one attains to him, as though a man would grasp the\nheights of heaven.\nSAvarnya’s sacrificial meed hath broadened like an ample flood.\n10 Yadu and Turva, too, have given two Dasas, well-disposed, to\nserve,\nTogether with great store of kine,\n11 Blest be the hamlet’s chief, most liberal Manu, and may his\nbounty fival that of Surya,\nMay the Gods let Savarni’s life be lengthened, with whom,\nunwearied, we have lived and prospered.\nHYMN LX III. Visvedevas,\nMaythey whowould assumekinshipfromfar away, Vivasvan’s\ngenerations, dearly loved of men,\nEveuthe Gods who sit upon the sacred grass of Nahusha’s\nson Yayati, bless and comfort us.\n2 Bor worthy of obeisance, Gods, are all your names, worthy of\nadoration and of sacrifice.\nYe who were born from waters, and from Aditi, and from the\nearth, do ye here listen to my call.\n3 I will rejoice in these Adityas for my weal, for whomthe Mo-\nther pours forth water rich in balm, —\nAnd Dyaus the Infinite, firm as arock, sweet milk, Gods act-\nive, strong through lauds, whose might the Bull upholds.\n8 Manu hereapparent—lythenameofSavarnitheprincewhosemunificence\ni cs ont jh ee cfs cu urb aj le lc yto sf ups pt la in ez da .s 8 ‘A11 t. houA sat nh dou as na dnd aki hn ue n, da reh dun hd or re sd ess .t ’e -e —d Ws i; ls* ok ni .ne’ 4Ais\nthousandtimes ahundredhorses.’—Ludwig.\n9 Sdvarnya heremeansS&varni.\n10 Turva: equivalenttoTurvasa a prince ofthe clan called after the\neponymus Turva. Ddsas enslaved; natives.\n’\n1 '‘ .\"onshipwithus,and theduties ofprotectionandaid which\nv*' : / ’ Cf.I. 109. 7, note—. Fivasvdu’sgenerations S&yauasup-\npliesaverb, andexplains differently: '(support) thegenerationsof (Manu\nthesoil of) Vivasvat.’—Wilson. Yaydli: see I. 31. 17, and 108. 8, note.\n2Fromwaters: theaerialwaters,orintermediateregionofair. Aditi von\nRoth understands Aditi here to mean ‘Infinity,’ the boundlessness of\nh S&e ya av ne an ’sas eo xp pp lao ns ae td iot not ishe siml ii lm ai rt .ationofearth. See Muir, 0. S , Texts, V. 89.\n3 The Mother Earth. Dyaus Heaven. The Bull the Sun, S&yana\nexplainsvridhabharfln as ‘bringers of rain.’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1113,
            "content": "; : .\nHYMH 63.] THE RIGVEDA. 471\n4 Looking on men, ne’er slumbering, they by their deserts at-\ntained as Gods to lofty immortality.\nBorne on refulgent cars, sinless, with serpents’ powers, they\nrobe them, for our welfare, in the height of heaven.\n5 Great Kings who bless us, who have come to sacrifice, who,\n—\nne’er assailed, have set their mansion in the sky, ^\nTheseI invite withadorationandwith hymns, mighty Adityas,\nAditi, for happiness.\n6 Who offereth to you the laud that ye accept, 0 ye All-Gods of\nManu, many as ye are?\nWho, Mighty Ones, will prepare for you the sacrifice to bear\nus over trouble to felicity\\ n\n7 Ye to whom Manu, by seven priests, with kindled fire, offered\nthe first oblation with his heart and soul,\nVouchsafe us, ye Adityas, shelter free from fear, and make us\ngood and easy paths to happiness.\n8 Wise Deities, who have dominion o’er the world, ye thinkers\nover all that moves not and that moves,\nSave us from uncommitted and committed sin, preserve us\nfrom all sin to-day for happiness.\n9 In battles we invoke Indra still swift to hear, and all the holy\nHost of Heaven who banish grief,\nAgni, Mitra, and Varuna that we may gain, Dyaus, Bhaga,\nMarnts, Prithivi for happiness\n:\n10 Mightily-saving Earth, incomparable Heaven, the good guide\nAditi who gives secure defence.\nThe well-oared heavenly Ship that lets no waters in, free from\ndefect, will we ascend for happiness.\n11 Bless us, all Holy Ones, that we may have your help, guard\naud protect us from malignant injury.\nWith fruitful invocation may we call on you, Gods, who give\near to us for grace, for happiness.\n12 Keep all disease afar aud sordid sacrifice, keep off the wicked\nman’s malicious enmity.\nKeep far away from us all hatred, 0 ye Gods, and give us\nample shelter for our happiness.\n13 Untouched by any evil, every mortal thrives, and, following\nthe Law, spreads in his progeny,\nWhom ye with your good guidance, 0 Adityas, lead safely\nthrough all his pain aud grief to happiness.\n—\n4 Withserpents'powers (of unsurpassable wisdom.’ Wilson,\n10 Theheavenly Skip according to Slyana, a metaphorical expressionfor\nsacrifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1114,
            "content": "—\n: : ;\n472 TEEHYMNS OF [BOOK'X.\n14 That which ye guard and grace in battle, 0 ye Gods, ye Ma-\nruts, where theprize is wealth, where heroes win,\nThat conquering Car, 0 Indra, that sets forth at dawn, that\nnever breaks, may we ascend for happiness,\n15 Vouchsafeus blessingin ourpaths and desert tracts, blessing\nin waters and in battle for the light\nBlessing upon the wombs that bring male children forth, and\nblessing, 0 ye Maruts, for the gain of wealth.\n16 The noblest Svasti with abundant riches, who conies to what\nis good by distant pathway,\nMay she at home and faraway preserve us, and dwell with us\nunder the Gods' protection.\n17 Thus hath the thoughtful sage, the son ofPlati, praised you,\n0 Aditi and all Adilyas.\nMen are made rich by those who are Immortal : the Heavenly\nFolk have been extolled by Gaya,\nHYMN LXIV. Vievedevas.\nWhatGod, ofthose who hear, ishe whose well-praisedname we\nWhm oay wilr lec bo erd gri an cit oh uis s?ou wr hosac or fif mic ae n; ya gn id veh uo sw ? bliss ? Who out\nofall the Host will come to lend us aid?\n2 The will and thoughts withiu my breast exert their power :\nthey yearn with love, and ily to all the regions round.\nNone other Comforter is found save only these : my longings\nand my hopes are fixt upon the Gods.\n3 ToNarasaim and to Pushan I sing forth, to unconcealable\nAgni kindled bythe Gods;\nTo Sun and Moon,twoMoons,toYama in theheavens,toTrit.a,\nVata, Dawn, Night, and the Asvins Twain,*\n4 How is the Sage extolled whom the loud singers praise ?\nWhat voice, what hymn is used to laud Bribaspati?\nMay Aja-Ekapad with Rikvans swift to hear, and Ahi of the\nDeep listen intoour call.\n14 Forhappiness: svastrfye, for happiness orwelfare, recurs at theend of\nall the stanzasfrom 3 to 14inclusive.\n16 Svasti PathydSvasti,AccordingtotheIndex;theGoddessofprosperity\nand happiness.\n17 Theson ofPlati: Gaya, theItishiofthe hymn.\n3 XJnconceatableAgni pr, totheunconcealable (Savitar) and Agni. Two\nMoons New Moon and Full Moon.\n4 Aja-Ekapdd: see VI. 50. 14. Rikvavs' singers; minor deities who\na Dt it ae gn od na on fd ts hi eng det ph te hp sra oi fs tes heof aes ro im ale os cu ep aer nior AG ho id b. udhA nh yi a.ofth Se eeJJe Ve op l.: Lt ,he Ing dr ee xa .t\n;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1115,
            "content": ": :: !\nHYMN 64.] THE MG VEDA. 473\n5 Aditi, to the birth ofDakshaand the vow thou summonest the\nKings Mitra and Vanina.\nWith course unchecked, with many chariots Albanian comes\nwith the seven priests to tribes ofvaried sort.\n6 May all those vigorous Coursers listen to our cry, hearers of\ninvocation, speeding on their way\n;\nWinners of thousands where the priestly meed is won, who\ngather ofthemselves great wealth in every race.\n7 Bring ye Purandhi, bring V&yu who yokes his steeds, for\nfriendship bring ye Pusban with your songs of praise\n:\nThey with one mind, one thought attend the sacrifice, urged\nby the favouring aid ofSavitar the God.\n8 The thrice-seven wandering Rivers, yea, the mighty floods,\nthe forest trees, the mountains, Agui to ouraid,\nKrisanu, Tisbya, archers to our gathering-place, and Rudra\nstrong amici the Rudras, we invoke.\n9 Let the great Streams come hither with their mighty help,\nSindh u, Sarasvati, and Sarayn with waves.\nYe Goddess Floods, ye Mothers, animating all, promise us\nwater rich in fatness and in balm.\n10 And let Brihaddiva, the Mother, hear our call, and Tvashtar,\nFather, with the Goddesses and Dames.\nRibhukshan, Vaja, Bhaga, and liathaspati, and the sweet\nspeech of him who labours guard us well\n11 Pleasant to look on as a dwelling rich in food is the blest\nfavour of the Maruts, Rudra’s Sons.\nMay we be famed among the folk for wealth in kine, and ever\ncome to you, ye Gods, with sacred food.\n5 Daksha meaningherethe Sun, according to S&yana. Ludwig thinks\nthat thesacrificer, regardedas DakshaorPrajApati, and said tobebornagain\nthrough completion of hisvow, isintended—. Inthesecondline alsoAryaman\nhis urc ro in es di ,de tr he ed gib vy erSk ofya dn ea lit —go htb te\no\nmt ah ne y,Su hn av: ing‘A sr ey va enma mn i, nisw th eo ris ne g(c ro au yr ss )e pii us cen eo dt\ns\nin hismultiformbirths/ \"Wilson.\n6 Qours&'s : thehorseswhichbringthe Gods to men’ssacrifices.\n7 Purandhi: Plenty personifiedasadeity. Or pHrandhim may bean ad-\njective *thespirited, orliberal, Pushan/\n8 Thrice-seven thesevenriversoftheland oftheAryanshavingtheircoun-\nterpartsin heaven and inthefirmament. Amian; the archer who guards\nthe heavenly8oma. Tishya: an asterism regarded as being in the form of\nanarrow, andsohereidentified with Kris&uU.\n10 Brihaddivd a Goddess associated with IM, Sarasvati, and others.\nDames: the consorts of theGods. jRatkaspati: the God who presides over\nchariots of war. Speech: orprayer. Who labours: atthesaoiifice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1116,
            "content": "—\n: :\nin THE HYMNS OF [BOOK\njt.\n12 The thought which ye, 0 Maruts, Indra, and ye Gods have\ngiven to me, and ye Mitra and Yaruna,\nCausethistogrowand swell like a milch-cow with milk. Will\nye not bear away my songs upon your car?\n13 0 Maruts, do ye never, never recollect and call again to mind\nthis our relationship?\nWhen next we meet together at the central point, even there\nshall Aditi confirm our brotherhood.\n14 The Mothers, Heaven and Earth, those mighty Goddesses,\nworthy of sacrifice, come with the race ofGods.\nThese Two^with their support upholdboth Gods and men, and\nwith the Fathers pour the copious genial stream.\n15 Thisinvocationwinsall goodthatwedesire\n:\nBrihaspati, highly-\npraised Aramati, are here,\nEven where the stone that presses meath rings loudly out,\nand where the sages maketheir voices heardwith hymns.\n16 Thus hath the sage, skilled in loud singers5 duties, desiring\nriches, yearning after treasure,\nGaya, the priestly singer, with his praisesand hymnscontent-\ned the Celestial People,\n17 Thus hath thethoughtful sage, the son of Plati, praised you,\n0 Aditi and all Adityas.\nMen are made rich by those who areImmortal the Pleavenly\n;\nFolk have been extolled by Gaya.\nHYMN LXV.\nVisvedevas.\nMayAgni, Indra,Mitra, Varunaconsent, Aryaman, V&yu, Push-\nan, and Sarasvati,\nA\nAdityas, Maruts, Vishnu, Soma, lofty Sky, Ttudra, andAditi,\nand Brahmanaspati.\n2 IndraandAgni, Hero-lordswhenVritrafell, dwelling together,\nspeeding emulousiy on,\nAnd Soma blent with oil, putting his greatness forth, have\nwith their power filled full the mighty firmament.\nS Skilled in the Law I lift the hymn of praise to these, Law-\nstrengtheners, unassailed, and great in majesty.\n13 Atthecentralpoint theplaceof sacrifice.\n14 WiththeFathers ‘Thefruitfulness of heaven and earth, which give\nbirth togods and men, isdescribedasproduced by thefathers.’ See Wallis\nCosmology of theRigveda , p, 72. '\n15 Aramati: the Geniusof Devotion.\n17 Theconcludingstanzaof Hymn 63 isrepeated here,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1117,
            "content": "—\n: : : : : : 5\nH/OJAr~TT57j~~ “ TITK'KTG-YPDA 47\n.\nThese in their wondrous bounty send the water}’ sea may\n:\nthey as kindly Friends send gifts to make us great.\n4 They with theirmighthave stayed Heaven, Earth, and Prithi-\nvi, the Lord of Light, the firmament, the lustrous spheres.\nEven as fleet-foot steeds who make their masters glad, the\nprincely Gods are praised, most bountiful to man.\n5 Bring gifts to Mitra and to Varuna who, Lordsofall, in spirit\nnever fail the worshipper,\nWhose statute shineson high through everlasting Law, whose\nplaces of sure refuge are the heavens and earth.\n6 The cow who yielding milk goes her appointed way hither to\nus as leader of our holy rites,\nSpeaking aloud to Varuna and the worshipper, shall with\noblation serve Vivasv&n and the Gods.\n7 The Gods whose tongue is Agni dwell in heaven, and sit, aid-\ners of Law, reflecting, in the seat of Law.\nThey propped up heaven and then brought waters w4ith their\nmight, got sacrifice and in a bodymade it fair.\n8 Born in the oldest time, the Parents dwelling round are shar-\ners of one mansion in the home of Law.\nBound by their common vow Dyaus, Prithivi stream forth the\nmoisture rich in oil to Varuna the Steer.\n9 Parjanya, Vata, mighty, senders of the rain, Indra and Vayu,\nVaruna, Mitra, Aryaman\nWo call on Aditi, A iityas, and the Gods, those who are on\nthe earth, in waters, and in heaven.\n10 Tvashtar and Vayu, those who count as Kibhus, both celestial\nHotar-priests, and Dawn for happiness,\nWinners of wealth, we call, and wise Brihaspati, destroyer of\nour foes, and Soma Indra’s Friend.\n11 They generated prayer, the cow, the horse, the plants, the\nforest trees, the earth, the waters, and the hills.\n3 Thewaterysea: the cloudsand rain-\n4 Prithivi: meaning here theregion of mid-air.\n5 Placesofsurerefuge S&yanaexplainsn&dkasidifferently: uponwhom\nthe twosolicitousworlds remain dependent/\n6 The cow who is milkedatsacrifice. According toS&yana, thundermay\nbe meant, and by *milk* strength may beinteaded,\n7 Ina body thatis, personified, Cf. X, 6G. 9, note.\n8 TheParents Heavenand Earth.\n10 Celestial Hotar-priests see 1. 13. 8."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1118,
            "content": ": ; ; : :\n476 THE HYMJSS VJf IBOOK X.\nThese very bounteous Gods made the Sun mount to heaven,\nand spread the righteous laws of Aryas o'er the land.\n12 0 Asvins, ye delivered Bhujyu from distress, ye animated\nSyava, Vadhrimati’s son.\nTo*Vimada ye brought his consort Kamadyfi, and gave his\nlost Vishnftpu back to Visvaka.\n13 Thunder, thelightning'sdaughter, Aja-Ekap&d, heaven's bear-\ner, Sindhu, and the waters of the sea\nHear all the.Gods mywords, Sarasvati give ear together with\nPurandhi and with Holy Thoughts.\n14 With Holy Thoughts and with Purandhi may all Gods, know-\ning the Law immortal, Manu's Holy Ones,\nBoon-givers, favourers, finders of light,and Heaven, withgra-\ncious love accept my songs, my prayer, my hymn.\n15 Immortal Gods have I, Vasishtha, lauded, Gods set on high\nabove all other beings.\nMay they this day grantuswidespaceandfreedom ye Gods,\n:\npreserve us evermorewith blessings.\nHYMN LXVI.\nVisvedevas.\nI callthe Godsoflofty glory for ourwTeal, the makers of the\nlight, well-skilled in sacrifice\nThose who have waxen mightily, Masters of all wrealth, Im-\nmortal, strengthening Law, the Gods whom Indra leads.\n2 ForthestrongbandofMarutswill weframeahymn: the chiefs\nshall bring forth sacrifice for Indra's troop,\nWho, sent by Indra and advised by Varuna, have gotten for\nthemselves a share ofSfirya's light.\n3 May Indra with the Vasus keep our dwelling safe, and Aditi\nwith Adityas lend us sure defence.\nMay the God Kudra with the Eudras favour us, and Tvashtar\nwith the Dames further us to success.\n4 Aditi,HeavenandEarth,thegreateternalLaw,Indra,Vishnu,\nthe Maruts^and the lofty Sky.\nWe call uponAdityas, on theGods, forhelp, onVasus, Eudras,\nSavitar ofwondrous deeds.\n12 Thesedeedsof theAsvinsaretoldin I, 16 and17.\n13 Aja-Ekapdd seeVI. 50. 14. Holy Thoughts Devotionspersonified.\n14 Manu's Holy Ones deitieswhom Manu worshipped.\n15 Vasishtha: thatis,adescendantof thegreatKishiVasishtha,\n‘ar4 eT ih nve okn ea dm /es main yt bh ee ufi nr ds et rl si tn oe oa dr .einthenominativecaseandwithoutaverb\n:"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1119,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 66,] THE R1GVEDA . 477\n5 WithHolyThoughtsSarasvan, firm-lawed Vanina, great V&yu,\nPushan, Vishnu, and the Asvins Twain,\nLords of all wealth, Immortal, furtherers of prayer, grant us\na triply-guarding refuge from distress.\n6 Strong be the sacrifice, strong be the Holy Ones, strong the\npreparers ofoblation, strong the Gods.\nMighty be Heaven and Earth, true to eternal Law, strong be\nParjanya, strong be they who laud the Strong.\n7 To win us strength I glorify the Mighty Twain, Agni and\nSoma, Mighty Ones whom many laud.\nMay these vouchsafe us shelter with a triple guard, these\nwhom the strong ha\" ve served in worship of the Gods.\n8 Potent, with firm-fixt laws, arrangingsacrifice, visiting solemn\nrites in splendour of the day,\nObeying Order, these whosepriest is Agni, freefrom falsehood,\npoured the waters out when Vritra died.\n9 The Holy Ones engendered, fortheir several laws, the heavens\nand earth, the waters, aud the plants and trees.\nThey filled the firmament with heavenly light for help : the\nGods embodied Wish and made it beautiful.\n10 May they who bear up heaven, the Eibhus deft of band, and\nVata and Parjanya of the thundering Bull,\nThe waters and the plants, promote the songs we sing : come\nBhaga, Rati, and the Vajius to my call.\n11 Sindhu, the sea, the region, and the firmament, the thunder,\nand the ocean, Aja-Ekapad,\nThe Dragon of the Deep, shall listen to my words, and all\nthe Deities and Princes shall give ear.\n12 May we be yours, we men, to entertain the Gods : further\nour sacrifice and give it full success.\nAdityas, Rudras, Vasus, givers of goodgifts, quicken theholy\nhymns which we are singing now.\n6 Strong: vrishanrepeated inthe wayloved bysome oftheVedicpoets ;\neshowererofbenefits/accordingtoS&yana. The Gods meaning,saysS&yana,\nthepriests.\n9 Laws : coursesofaction. Embodied Wish :gaveabodyto thewishes and\nhopesof worshippers, andpersonified themin the same mannerassacrificeis\nsaid tohavebeen embodied and beautifiedinX. 65. 7.\n10 VdtaandParjanyaofthethunderingBull meaningthewindandstorm\nthat attend the thunderous rain-cloud. JRdti: divine Favour or Bounty.\nYdjlns; aclassofdivinitiesaccordingtoSayana, SeeVII. 38. 7.\n11 Aja-Ehapdd see VI. 50, 14. Dragon ofthe Deep: Ahibudhnya. See\nVI. 49, 14."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1120,
            "content": ": :\n473 THE HYMNS OF [BOOH X,\n13 I follow with 3nccess upon the path of Law the two celestial\nHotars, Priests of oldest time.\nWe pray to him who dwelleth near, Guard of the Field, to all\nImmortal Gods who never are remiss.\n14 Vasishtha's sons haveraised their voices, like their sire, EishL\nlike praying to the Gods for happiness.\nLikefriendly-mindedkinsmen, comeatourdesire, 0 Gods, and\nshake down treasures on us from above.\n15 Immortal Gods have I, Vasislitha, lauded, Gods set on high\nabove all otherbeings.\nMaythey thisday grantus wide space and freedom ye Gods,\n:\npreserve?us evermore with blessings.\nHYMN\nLXVII. Biihaspati.\nThis holy hymn, sublime and seven-headed, sprung from eter-\nnal Law, our sirediscovered.\nAyasya, friend of all men, hath engendered the fourth hymn\nas he sang his laud to Indra.\n2 Thinking aright, praising eternal Order, the sons of Dyausthe\nAsura, those heroes,\nAngirases, holding the rank ofsages, first honoured sacrifice's\nholy statute.\n3 Girt by his friends who cried with swan-like voices, bursting\nthe stony barriers of the prison,\nBrihaspati spake in thunder to the cattle, and uttered praise\nand song ’when he had found them.\n4 Apart from one, away from two above him, he drave the kine\nthat stood in bonds of falsehood.\nBrihaspati, seeking light amid the darkness*, drave forth the\nbright cows : three lie made apparent.\nthe Field probablyIndra. andAditya, accordingtoS&yana. Guard oJf\n15 Repeatedfromtheprecedinghymn.\nF.t oh1e u, r1M tma hru :tT os r,4 ,o er xthu er af nv- d' i. inh nga gv s t“ e ovg e alnS le m fv e ote urn resd s,l iv dl eaa scl ,c0 o1 ml r is d g- i hn tgA yc .tc oo Sm fp tya an ri ae .d b Oy urs se iv re en :b Aa nn cd g is ra ao sf\n‘\ntheraysoflightwhichha° d?T bes eo nf st th oe lenAn bg yir ta hs eeB f, ienr de spr oe fs de an rt ki nn eg ssm .eta Sp eh eo Ir .ic 02a .ll iy\n.\nadi is wA t ip a cna kcr eet df nf r er o so m sm t oo h fn ee, e ta ha r etw ha t,y rd ef ao cr w ho n em rf ot r uw o so m rh at e nh a ie sv .em nea a Tn n hi rdn etg eh :i es hfu en i ac r ve m er a nt ,ma ei nn f. t irmP aF me a er l nh s ta e ,n he o ao nda df"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1121,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 67 THE RIGYEDA. 479\n.3\n5 Whenhe had cleft the lairs'andwestern castle, he cut offthree\nfrom him who held the waters.\nBrihaspati discovered, while he thtmdered like Dyans, the\ndawn, the Sun, the cow, the lightning.\n6 As with a hand, so with his roaring Indra cleft Vala through,\nthe guardian of the cattle.\nSeekingthe milk-draught with sweat-shining comrades hostole\nthe Pani’s kine and left him weeping.\n7 He with bright faithful Friends, winners of booty, hath rent\nthe milker of the cows asunder.\nBrihaspati with wild boars strong and mighty, sweating with\nheat, hath gained a rich possession. v\n8 They, longing for the kiue, with faithful spirit incited with\ntheir hymns the Lord of cattle,\nBrihaspati freed the radiant cows with comrades self-yoked,\naverting shame from one another.\n9 In our assembly with auspicious praises exalting him who\nroareth like a lion,\nMay we, in every fight where heroes conquer, rejoice in strong\nBrihaspati the Victor.\n10 When he had won him every sort of booty and goneto heaven\nand its most lofty mansions,\nMen praised Brihaspati the Mighty, bringing the light within\ntheir mouths from sundry places.\n11 Fulfil the prayer that begs for vitalvigour : aid inyour wont-\ned manner even the humble.\nLet all our foes be turned and driven backward. Hear this,\n0 Heaven and Earth, ye All-producers.\n12 Indra with mighty strength hath cleft asunder the head of\nArbuda the watery monster,\nSlain Alii, andsetfree theSeven Fivers. 0 Heavenand Earth,\nwith all the Gods, protect us.\n5 Westerncastle this isobscure. Ludwigsuggests thatdpdchlmmaymean\n*hostile’ or‘detested.’ Three: heaven, brmnment, andearth. Himwho held\nthe waters: the demon Vala, whokeptthe rain, as wellasthe cows orrays of\nlight, imprisoned. Thecow: thecattle ; thebeamsoflight.\n6 Comrades: hisfaithfulfriends theMaruts. Wildhoars: thestrong fierce\nMaruts accordingto Sayana, ‘bearers ofexcellentwater.’\n;\n8 TheLordof cattle: Brihaspati, socalled becausehehadreleasedthem,\n10 The light thatis, the hymnsof praise which will bringthem thelight\nof help. Thestanzais difficult.\n12 Thewaterymonster: thefiend who dominated the ocean of air. Ahi:\nor,the Dragon, Vritra orhis brother."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1122,
            "content": ": : ;\nm THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\nHYMN LXVIII. Brihaspati.\nLikebirds who keep their watch, plashing in water, like the\nloud voices of tiie thundering rain-cloud,\nLike merry streamlets bursting from the mountain, thus to\nBrihaspati our hymns have sounded.\n2 The Son of Angiras, meeting the cattle, as Bhuga, brought in\nArvaman among us.\nAs Friend of men he decks the wife and husband : as for the\nrace, Brihaspati, nerve our coursers.\n3 Brihaspati, having won them from the mountains, strewed\ndown, like barley out of winnowing-baskets,\nThe vigorous, wandering cows who aid the pious, desired of\nall, of blameless form, well-coloured.\n4 Asthe Sun dews with meath the seat of Order, and casts a\nflaming meteor down from heaven,\nBo from the rock Brihaspati forced the cattle, and cleft the\nearth's skin as it were with water.\n5 Forth from mid-air with light he drave the darkness, as the\ngale blows a lily from the river.\nLike the wind grasping at the cloud of Yala, Brihaspati ga-\nthered to himself the cattle.\n6 Brihaspati, when he with fiery lightnings cleft through the\nweapon of reviling Vala,\nConsumed him as tongues eat what teethhave compassed he\n;\nthrew the prisons of the red cowts open.\n7 That secret name borne by the lowing cattle within the cave\nBrihaspati discovered,\nAnd drave, himself, the brightkine from the mountain, like a\nbird'syoung after the eggs' disclosure.\n2 TheSonofAngiras Brihaspati, especially worshipped and cherishedby\nA on ng eir ma es a. ninA gry ofcm ta hn e: nat mhe ei bn es it ni gtu gt rio on omof: smm aa nrr oi rag me a, tr ce hp mr ae ks ee rn .ted by Aryauum ;\n3 Outofwinnowmg~ba$het$: sthivibhyah theexactmeaningof the word\nissomewhat uncertain, butitisevidentlya measure, basket, or instrument\nac non dn ie sct se ad idwi bt yhc So &r yn. anaSt th oiv mim ed an ntah ‘, oc* ca ur pm ae ntd swi ot fhs st tk ai tv ii os n% s' .’occu Wr is lsin onX. r2 e7 n. de1 r5,\ns\nstldvlbhyuhinthis place by cfrom the granaries.’ The cows bestowed by\nBrihaspatiarecountlessasgrains of barleyonthethreshing-floororwinnow-\ning-plaoe.\n4 Clefttheearth'sshin: orsurface,with thehoofsof manycattle,\n5 A lily: stipdla accordingtoS&yanathesameasSaivala,the Vallisneria\nOctandra,acommonaquaticplant.\n6 Weapon: 1adopt B&yaua’sexplanation of jdsum although in X. 33,2\nthesameword means ‘exhaustion,’ t"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1123,
            "content": ";:\nHTATisr fio.] TJlE RIGVEDA. 481\n8 He looked around on rock-imprisoned sweetness as one who\neyes a fish in scanty water.\nBrihaspati, cleaving through with varied clamour, brought it\nforth like a bowl from out the timber.\n9 He found the light of heaven, and fire, and Morning : with\nl.ucid rays he forced apart the darkness.\nAsfrom ajoint, Brihaspati took the marrow of Vala as he\ngloried in his cattle.\n10 As trees for foliage robbed by winter, Vala mourned for the\ncows Brihaspati had taken.\nHe did a deed ne’er done, ne’er to be equalled, whereby the\nSun and Moon ascend alternate.\n, ^\n11 Like a dark steed adorned with pearl, the Fathers have deco-\nrated heaven with constellations.\nThey set the light in day, in night the darkness. Brihaspati\ncleft the rock and found the cattle.\n12 This homage have we offered to the Cloud-God who thunders\nout to many in succession.\nMay this Brihaspati vouchsafe us fulness oflife with kina and\nhorses, men, and heroes.\nHymn lxix. Agm.\nAuspicious is the,Aspect of Vadbryasva’s fire ; good is its\nguidance, pleasant are its visitings.\nWhen first the people ofSumitra kindle it, with butter pour-\ned thersbn it crackles and shines bright.\n2 Butter,fs that which makes Vadhryasva’s fire grow strong ;\ntlx* butter is its food, the butter makes it fat.\nItspreads abroad when butter hath beeu offered it,and balra-\ned with streams ofbutter shines forth like the Sun.\n8 LikS ewe aet bn oe ws ls: wt hh ie cs hw ae le rt eam di ylk ex; ist th sat poi ts e, nt th ie alc lo yw is nw thh eo wp or oo ddu fc re od mit w. hichit ia\nproduced bycutting. —\n9 Wilson,followingSAyana,paraphrasesthe secondline; ‘he seized (the\ncattlefrom therock) ofValasurroundedbythekine as (one extracts) mar-\nrowfromabone.’\n11 The Fathers: 4The connectionof thefatherswiththelight, of which\ntheyareboththe embodimentsandtheguardians—, is alone sufficient to ex-\nplaintheiractionin placingthestarsinthesky/ Wallis, Cosmology of the\nRigveda t p. 68. Or, as Ludwigremarks, the Fathers themselves maybe the\nstarB.\n12 Tomany 'cows’is, apparently,unders—tood. S&yanasuppliesrichas\n*whorecitesinordermany (sacredstanzas).’ Wilson.\n1 Vadhryasva has been mentioned,in VI. 61. 1, as aworshipper of Saras-\nvatt\n:\nhereheappearsasaspecialworshipperofAgni.\n31"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1124,
            "content": ": : : :\n—\nTHEHysrm-vr\n4j2\n3 Still newest is this face ofthine, 0 Agni, which Manu and Su-\nmitra have enkindled.\nSorichlyshine,accept oursongswithfavour,sogiveusstrength^\nening food, so send us glory.\ni Accept this offering, Agni, whom aforetime Vadhryasva hath\nentreated and enkindled.\nGuard well our homes and people, guard our bodies, protect\nthy gift to us which thou hast granted.\nh Be splendid, guard us, Kinsman of Vadhryasva : let not the\nenmity ofmeno’ercomethee.\nLike the bold heroChyavana, I Sumitra tell forth the title of\nVadhry^vat’s Kinsman.\n6 All treasures hast thou won, of plains and mountains, and\nquelled the D^sas’ and the Aryas’ hatred.\nLikethe bold hero Chyavana, 0 Agni, mayst thou subdue the\nmen who long for battle.\n7 Deft Agni hath a lengthened thread, tall oxen, a thousand\nheifers, numberless devices.\nBecked by the men, splendid among the splendid, shine\nbrightly forth amid devout Sumitras.\n8 Thineis theteeming cow, 0 Jatave&as, whopours at onceher\nceaseless flow, Sabardhuk.\nThou art lit up by men enriched with guerdon, 0 Agni, by\nthe pious-souled Sumitras.\n9 Even Immortal Gods, 0 JStatvedas, Vadhryasva’s Kinsman,\nhave declared thy grandeur.\nWhen human tribes drew near withsupplicationthonconquer-\nedst with men whom thou hadst strengthened.\n10 Like as a father bears his son, 0 Agni, Vadhryasva bare thee\nin his lap and served thee.\nThou, Youngest God, having enjoyed his fuel, didst vanquish\nthose of old though they were mighty.\n11 Vadhryasva’s Agni evermore hath vanquished hia foes with\nheroeswho had pressedthe Soma.\nLord of brightrays, thou burntest up the battle, subduing,\nas our help, e’en mightyfoemen.\n3 Sumitra sonofVadhryasvaandKishiofthehymn.\n5 Chyavana; asonofBhrigu. Orthe word may mean ‘conquering,’ as\nS4y*nainterprets it. Vadhryasva's Kinsman as having been especially\nworshippedandcherishedbythatRishi. Seestanza10.\n7 A lengthenedthread continualsacrifices, from ancienttopresenttimes.\nDevices ways of attaininghis object. Or satdnitha may mean, ‘having a\n\\h tu hn *dr Ue ad deo rr om fa hn uy ndm ru es di sca (l ofm bo ude ms !o or ffeB ra iq nr ge sd )/s—on Wg is ls; o* n.or 1praiBed by many:’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1125,
            "content": ":: ;\nHYMN 70,] THE FIGVEDA. 483\n12 This Agni of Vadhryasva, Vritra-slayer, lit from of old, must\nbe invoked with homage.\nAs such assail our enemies, Vadhryasva, whether the foes be\nstrangers or be kinsmen.\nHYMN LXX.\njtpris.\nEnjoy, 0Agni, thismy Fuel, welcometheoil-filledladlewlxexe\nwe pour libation.\nBise up for worship of the Gods, wise Agni, on the earth's\nheight, while days are blight with beauty.\n2 May he who goes before the Gods come hither with steeds\nwhose shapes are varied, Nar^sansa.\nMay he, most Godlike, speed our offered viancfs with homage\nGod-ward on the path of Order.\n3 Men with oblations laud most constant Agni, and pray him to\nperform an envoy's duty.\nWith lightly-rolling car and best draught-horses, bring the\nGods hither and sit down as Hotar.\n4 May the delight of Gods spread out transversely : may it be\nwith us long in length and fragrant.\n0 Holy Grass divine, with friendly spirit bring thou the wil-\nling Gods whose Chief is Indra.\n5 Touch ye the far-extending height of heaven,/-^ spring apart\nto suit the wide earth's measure. m\nYearning, ye Doors, with those sublitp' greatness, seize\neagerly the heavenly Car thatcomet**\n6 Here in this shrinemay Dawn aii^/Night, the Daughters of\nHeaven, the skilful Goddessesr^e seated.\nIn yourwidelap, auspicious,;r*dnngLadies, maythe Gods seat\nthem with a willing spir^\n7 Up stands the stone, hh^Lurnsthefireenkindled : Aditi's lap\ncontains the Fri^W Natures.\nYe Two Chief who serve at this our worship, may ye,\nmore skillp^w *u *ov113 possessions.\ncy ^e 3pO *5 *t A*h . * se 1jr a Hor f oA l t^ T a2 aT r,nb a uy n nr *d an ap sn I &s X t m. , im n5a a i. r sy e trT ib anhe nve toc k puo e rs idm u e.p a sa l t.r 'de —ed it W; i ieI ls. sa o1 nn3 ., d1 d4 e2 i, fiea dnd ob1 je8 c8 ts; ,IX w. i3 th; tI hII e. e4 x-;\n4 Thedelightof Gods; thesacredgrass.\n5 Theheavenly Car: which bringsthe Gods.\n7 Thestone withwhich the Soma juice is expressed. Aditi’s lap: the\nsurface of the earth. The Friendly Natures: the Gods. According to\nS p& ey ra hn aa p, s‘ At gh ne ia ac nc dep At da ib tl ye a.sacr Mi ofi rc eial skiv le ls es dels. t' hanTw ho umC ah nie pf riP er si te ss .ts : purtihitau;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1126,
            "content": ":\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [HOOK X\n8 On our wide grass, Three Goddesses be seated for you have\n:\nwe prepared aud made itpleasant.\nMay 1$, shewhosefootdrops oil, the Goddess, taste, man-like,\nsacrifice and well-set presents.\n9 Since thou, God Tvashfcar, hast made beauty perfect, since\nthou hast been the Angirasea’ Companion,\nWilling, mostwealthy, Giverof possessions, grant usthe Gods*\nassembly, thou who knowest.\n10 Well knowing, binding with thy cord, bring hither, Lord of\nthe Wood, the Deities’ assembly.\nThe God prepare and season our oblations may Heaven and\n:\nEarth bC gracious to my calling.\n11 Agni, bring hither Varuna to help us, Indra from heaven,\nfrom air’s mid-realm the Maruts.\nOn sacred grass all Holy Ones be seated, andletthe Immortal\nGods rejoice in Svaha.\nHYMN LXXI. JMnam.\nWhenmen, Brihaspati, givingnamestoobjects, sentoutY&k’a\nfirst and earliest utterances,\nAll thatwas excellentandspotless, treasuredwithinthem,was\ndisclosedthrough their affection.\n2 Where, like n«.n cleansing corn-flour in a cribble, the wise in\nspirit have crt^ted language,\nFriendsseeandreccqrniZQthemarksoffriendship\n:\ntheirspeech\nretains the blessed -fign imprinted.\nmea8 niT nh gr ,ee mG ao ydd Ie ls as ae ns: dtI hU e, oS ta her ra ssv taa st tei .,^ MaBb nd dr ia kt et.\n:\nasTa as tte t: het sh ae crv ife ir cb ei os fp Ml aur na ul ,,\naccordingtoSftyana.\ning 19 0SG a Br y ia a nn n dt aF i, nu hs t g0 r6t wah ’ ine s tT l h\\ aG tT to e hd s ys’ : c— o)a rT rs dds J oe f •r fm 9 e iib r ttl ty t fi: sahr e nnt h nofh ttoe ° o rdd! dC fei/ faoo t“ f ir'm r t ww’ lh liu e maftt g‘a ^w iit a nso gtr e .< r.e ’ .bx t ep H hl e e ,ba r m o; e )n u/ nW di ,g lst o oU n r,, rf aB ol no l gm o ea w d-.\ndin evo dr nd Aer m.\n,\nfA oc odco or fdi thn eg Gt oo dsS ,& iy sau ta o, beth fe astp ed nt eh das w, itw hh aic rh\nope.\nexplains Zas Ean”nu!m\nvdnaspati: theyhpaorSacrificialPost. *\nSy1 A1 U,Sv Ad vh ed ,: orth Ha at ili .s,inthesacrificialofferingspresentedwiththe clamation\nSayJ aM pn aa tm omo er aK nno Pw al red ag me a, brt ah he ms au jb Mj me ict rao ,f t kh ni os wv le er dy gedif of ficu tl ht eh hy im gn h, eris trs ua ti hd\ns\nb oy\nf\nReligion,whichteaches man hisownnature andhowhemay be reunited to\ntheSupremeSpirit.\nt,,hehymnreV go ai rc d,e ed° tr aS sp te he ech m, eath ne sS oa fc cre od mmW uo nr id c. atiH or nr be ets wp eec ei nall my enthe anv doi Gc oe do af\nSea VtdKIndia(Story of theNations Series), pp. 269 271."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1127,
            "content": ": : :\n71.] THE MGV&EA. * 48$\n3 With sacrifice the trace of V&k they followed, and found her\nharbouring within the Rishis.\nThey brought her, dealt her forth in many places seven\n:\nsingers make her tones resound in concert*\n4 One man hath ne’er seen Vak, and yet he seeth one man\n;\nhath hearing but hath never heard her.\nBut to another hath she shown her beauty as a fond well-\ndressed woman to her husband.\n5 One man they call a laggard, dull in friendship : they never\nurge him on to deeds of valour.\nHe wanders on inprofitlessillusion theVoicehe heardyields\n:\nneither fruit nor blossom.\n6 No part in Vak hath he who hath abandoner d\\ his own dear\nfriend who knows the truth of friendship.\nEven if he hears her still in vain he listens : naught knows\nhe of the path of righteous action.\n7 Unequal in the quickness of their spirit are friends endowed\nalike with eyes and hearing.\nSome look like tanks that reach the mouth orshoulder,others\nlike pools of water fit to bathe in.\n8 When friendly Brahmans sacrifice together with mental im-\npulse which the heart hath fashioned,\nTheyleaveonefarbehindthroughtheirattainments, andsome\nwho count as Brahmans wander elsewhere.\n9 Those men who step not back and move not forward, nor\nBrahmans nor preparers of libations,\nHavingattained to Vak in sinful fashion spin out their thread\nin ignorance like spinsters.\n10 All friends are joyful in the friend who cometh in triumph,\nhaving conquered in assembly.\nHe is their blame-averter, food-provider prepared is he and\nfit for deed of vigour. :\n3 Harbouringwithinthe$ishis: theydiscovered, inthecourseof sacrifice,\nthattheinspiredRishis alone understood Speech as required for religious\npurposes. Inmany places among —the Hotar-priests. Sevensingers {the\nseven noisy(birds) meet together.’ Wilson : referring, says S&yana, to the\nsevenmetres,the G&yatrJ, etc.\n8 Some who count as—Brahmans wander elsewhere: ‘others walk about\nboastingtobe brahmans.* Muir.\n9 Step not bach and move not forward take no active part inreligious\nceremonies. ‘Thosewhodo not walk (with the Brahmans) in this lower\nworld, nor(withthe gods) in theupper world,’is Wilson’s paraphrase of the\ntextwhichI haverendered literally. Like spinsters: ‘(like) female weavers.\nBuch is the sense which Prof. Aufrecht thinks—may, with probability, be\nassigned to$irU aword which occurs onlyhere.’ Muir.\nt"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1128,
            "content": "—\n: : : : : :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n485 9\n11 One plies his constant task reciting verses : onesings theholy\npsalm in Sakvari measures.\nOne more, the Brahman, tells the lore ofbeing, and one lays\ndown the rules of sacrificing.\nHYMN LXXIL The Gods.\nLetuswithtunefulskillproclaimthesegenerationsoftheGods,\nThat one may see them when these hymns are chanted in a\nfuture age.\n2 These Brahmanaspati produced with blast and smelting, like\na smith.\nExistence, inan earlierageof Gods,fromNon-existencesprang.\n3 Existence,m theearliestageofGods,fromNon-existencesprang.\nThereafter were the regions horn. This sprang fromthe Pro-\nductive Power.\n4 Earth sprang from the Productive Power the regions from\n;\nthe earth were born.\nDaksha was bom of Aditi, and Aditi was Daksha’s Child.\n5 For Aditi, 0 Daksha, she who is thy Daughter, was brought\nforth.\nAfter her were the blessed Gods bom sharersof immortal life.\n6 When ye, 0 Gods, in yonder deep close-clasping one another\nstood,\n11 Recitingverses: repeatingricketsor verses of theRigveda. Thisisthe\nduty of theHotar. Theholypsalm theG4yatraor S&man. The Udg&tar\norChanter, oneof thefourchief priestsis intended. Theloreof being the\nk—nowledge ofall that exists. Lags—down therules 'prescribestheorder/\nMuir. 'Measures thematerials/ Wilson. Thisis the duty of theAdh-\nvaryu, another of the chief priests. The hymn has been transliterated\nandtranslatedbyDr. J. Muir, 0.S. Texts,I.pp. 254—256. Ithasalsobeen\nmetricallyrendered bythe—authorsof the SiebenzigZieder des Rigvcda, who\nh cla ov se ere cn od ne na ev xo iu or ne ,d,V ,\\;. *\" *J :t.1; ir o tf heth se ubs jt ea cn tzas o,\nf\ntto hebr wi hn og leth he ym mnint io\na\n'theeulogy of theunderstandingoftheVedaasessentialtodivineknowledge/\n2 These: allbeings. Likeasmith: asablacksmithblowsup his fire and\nmelts metal. —\n3 The regions 'thequarters (of the,horizon)/ Wilson. This meaning\nearth. ProductivePower themeaningofuUdnapadahisuncertain. Wallis\nrendersitby'thebegetter(thesky)’; Wilsonby*theupward-growing(tree)/\n4 And Aditi wasEaksha's Child: 'Yaska remarks.........Howcan thisbe\ntpo hs esi gb ol de s,? tT hh ee yy mm aa yy hah va eve beh ea nd bt oh re as fa rm oe mo er ai cgi hn ot; ho er r, ,—acc ho ar vd ein dg ert io vet dhe thn ea it ru Br ue bso -f\ntancefromoneanother/ 0. S, Texts, IV. 13. AditiisInfinityortheInfinite,\nandDakshaisForceorPowerpersonified. See VedicHymns, I. p. 245.\n5 'Thetwoverses5and7areinterestingascontaininganindependentstory\nof theorigin of theworld : the go —ds are saidto have kicked upindancing\ntheatoms whichformedtheearth/ Wallis, CosmologyoftheRigveda p, 43.\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1129,
            "content": "—\n:: : : ;:\nHYMN 73.] THE IIIGVEDA. 487\nThence, as ofdancers, fromyourfeetathickening cloudofdust\narose.\n7 When, O ye Gods, like Yatis, ye caused all existing things to\ngrow,\nThen ye brought Surya forward who was lying hidden in\nthe sea.\n8 Eight are the Sons of Aditi who from her body sprang to life.\nWith seven she went to meet the Gods: she cast Martinda\nfar away.\n9 So with her Seven Sons Aditi went forth to meet the earlier\nage.\nShe brought Martinda thitherward to spring £o life and die\nagain.\nHYMN LXXIII.\nIndra.\nThou wastborn mightyfor victoriousvalour, exulting, strong-\nest, full ofpride and courage.\nThere, even there, the Maruts strengthened Indra when his\nmost rapid Mother stirred the Hero.\n2 There with fiend’s ways e’en Prisani was seated : with much\nlaudation they exalted Indra.\nAsif encompassed by the Mighty-footed, from darkness, near\nat hand, forth came the Children.\n3 High are thy feet when on thy way thou goest ; the strength\nthou foundest here hath lent thee vigour.\nThousandhyenas in thymouth thou holdest. 0 Indra, mayst\nthou turn the Asvins hither.\n7 YatU .• devotees.\nAry8 aE mi ag nh ,ta Ar ne sat ,he BS ho arf ga a,a Yc ic vo ar sd vi &n ng ,to anth de AAC do im tym aen (t ta ht eo Br u, n)M .itra M, drV ta dru nn da a, :D SM dt ra yr a,\n,\nthe Sun. His exposure probably refers to his sweepingthrough thesky.\nLudwig. ButseeBergaigne, La Religion VMigue, III. 107.\n1 Mother: Aditi. Stirredthe Eero : gavehimfree motionassoonashewas\nborn,orincitedhimtoactionbytellinghimofhisfutureopponent. SeeVIII.\n45. 5, and 66. 2.\n2 Thisstanzaisunintelligibleto me- Prisani : meaningperhaps Prisni,a«\nLudwigconjectures. TheMighty-footed I—ndra. TheChildren thenew-born\nMaruts. Wilson translates, afterS&yana: *Themartial troop of(Indra) the\nxnjurerencamped around bytheswift-moving(Maruts)\nst th ale ly ,a tn hi em ea mt bed ryh oi nm icwi (t wah te/ r:\ns)\nii s. s- u,ed; fa romtl h< e(Ra Vt rt il te r) a)pe wn hn oed hu ap dw ari rt ih vi en da ig ure ta ht\ne\nform ofdarkness.’\n8 High —arethyfeet astravellingthroughtheheavens. Hyenas\n;\nsdtuvriMn\njackals/ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1130,
            "content": ": : : :\n488 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n4 Speeding at once to sacrifice thou comest ; for friendship\nthou art bringing both H&safcyas.\nThou hadst a thousand treasures in possession. The Asvins,\n0 thou Hero, gave thee riches.\n5 Glad, for the race that rests on holy Order, with friends who\nhasten to their goal, hath Indra\nWith these his mngic powers assailed the Dasyu : he cast\naway the gloomy mists, the darkness,\n6 Two oflike name for him didst thou demolish, as Indra strik-\ning down the car ofUshas.\nWith thy beloved lofty Friends thou earnest, and with the\nassurance of thine heart thou slewest.\n7 War-loving Namuchi thou smotest, robbing the D&sa ofhis\nmagic for the Rishi.\nFor man thou madest ready pleasant pathways, paths lead-\n10 ing as it were directly God-ward.\n8 These names of thine thou hast fulfilled completely : as Lord,\nthou holdcst in thine arm, 0 Indra.\nIn thee, through thy great might, the Gods are joyful the\n:\nroots oftrees hast thou directed upward.\n9 May the sweet Soma juices make him happy to cast his quoit\nthat lies in depth of waters^\nThou from the udder which o’er earth is fastened hast poured\nthe milk intothe kine and herbage.\nWhen others call him offspring ofthe Courser, my meaning is\nthat Mighty Power produced him.\nHe came from Manyu and remained in housea whence he\n:\nhath sprung is known to Indra only.\n6 TwoofWeename or,ofs—imilarnature; gloomymistsand darkness. The\ncar of Ushas see XV. 30. 8 11. The assurance ofthy heart: thy trusted\nthunderbolt.\n8 Thou hastfulfilled hastacted in full accordancewith thenames thou\nbearest, such as Vyitra-slayer, Sakra, etc. Thou boldest; the thunderbolt.\nTherootsoftrees: the clouds are. often compared totrees. The rainistheir\nfruit, andwhen theypourit downtheir roots aro supposed tobe turnedup-\nward.\n9 Quoit: chah'dm: meaningthethunderbolt. Theudder: thefirmament.\nper1 s0 oniT fh ie ed,Cour Ms yer meam ne ia nn gi in sg\n:\nH te ha ev se pn e. akerMa dn ecy lu are; sw tr ha at th h, ep ia sss rai io sn edor aboa vr edo tu hr,\ne\ncommonmythologicalexplanat—ions. Heconsiders the God to have sprung\nfromatranscendentalPower. Ludwig.\nGrassmann banishes thishymntohis Appendix asbeing generally obscure\nand in partsabsolutely unintelligible. Ihave, for the most partj followed,\nLudwig’sinterpretation."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1131,
            "content": "; : : : : :\nm\nHYMN 74.] THE JR1GVEDA.\n11 Like birds of beauteous wing the Priyamedhas, Rishis, im-\nploring, have come nigh to Indra\nDis wp hel omth se nd ara er skn ee ns ts ana gn ld e.fill full our vision ; deliver us as men\nHYMN LXXIV.\nIndra,\nI am prepared to laud with song or worship the Noble Ones\nwho are in earth and heaven,\nOr Coursers who have triumphed in the contest, or those who,\nfamed, have won the prize with glory.\n2 Their call, the call of Gods, went up to heaven they kissed\n:\nthe ground with glory-seeking spirit, *\nThere where the Gods look on for happy fortune, and like\nthe kindly heavens bestow their bounties.\n3 This is the song of those Immortal Beings who long for trea-\nsures in their full perfection.\nMay these, completing prayers and sacrifices, bestow upon us\nwealth where naught is wanting.\n4 Those living men extolled thy deed, 0 Indra, those who would\nfain burst through the stall of cattle,\nFain to milk her who bare but once, great, lofty, whose Sons\nare many and her streams past number.\n5 Saohivan, winto your assistance Indra who never bends, who\novercomes his foemen,\nRibhukshan, Maghavan, the hymn's upholder, who, rich in\nfood, bears man’s kind friend, the thunder.\n6 Since he who won of old anew hath triumphed, Indra hath\nearned his name of Vritra-slayer.\nHe hath appeared, the mighty Lord of Conquest. What we\nwould have him do let him accomplish.\nThe subjectof thehymn isacominghorse-race, and the Kishi invokes in\nfavour of theYajam&na, the Vasus, racers who havewon theprizein former\ntimes, andthemenwhoowned them. Indra also is appealed to for help.\nSee VedischeStudien , I. p. 129.\n2 Thecallof Gods ; the Godsareimagined as present andinterested in the\nrace. Theykissed theground the horseslightlytouchedthe earth as they\nran.\n4 Those livingmen the Angirases. Herv)hoharehitonce Heaven,accord-\ni Mn ag rut to s,S& my ua sn ta\nb;\neEa mr et ah n, t.a—cc Lo ur dd wi in gg .to SG er eas Vs Im .a 4n 8n .. 22.Prisni, the motherof the\n—\n5 Sachtvan apparentlyaman’sname. *Colcbratorof holyrites.’ Wilson.\n6 Hewhowonof old the Yajam&na. Hehath appeared\n;\nthepoet ima-\ngines Indra himself to bepresent."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1132,
            "content": "—\n: :: : :\n400 THE HYMNS OH [BOOK X.\nHYMN LXXV.\nTheRivers.\nThe singer, 0 ye Waters, in Vivasvlin’s place, shall tell your\ngrandeur forth that is beyond compare.\nThe Riverahavecome forwardtriply, sevenandseven. Sindhu\nin might surpasses all the streams thatflow.\n2 Yaruna cut the channels for thy forward course, 0 Sindhu,\nwhen thou rannest on to win the race.\nThou speedesfc o’erprecipitous ridges of the earth, when thou\nart Lord and Leader of these moving floods.\nZ His roar is lifted up to heaven above the earth : heputs forth\nendless vigour with aflash of light.\nLikefloodsofrainthat fallinthunder fromthe cloud, so Siu-\ndhu rushes on bellowing like a bull.\n4 Like mothersto their calves, like milch-kine with their milk,\nso, Sindhu, unto theethe roaringrivers run.\nThou leadest as a warrior king thine army’s wings what time\nthou comestin the van ofthese swift streams.\n5 Favour ye this my laud, 0 Ganga, Yamunil, 0 Sutudri, Paru-\nshni, and Sarasvati\nWith Asikni, Yitasta, 0 Marudvridh&, 0 A.rjikty& with Su-\nshoma hear my call.\n6 Firstwith TrishUmA thou art eager to flow forth, with Rasa,\nand Susartu, and with Svetysi here,\nWith Kubhd and with these, Sindhu and Mehatnu, thou\nseekest in t; hy course Krumu and Goma! ti.\n1 0ye Waters apparentlytheRiversareaddressedasrepresentingallthe\ndivine Waters. Vivasvdn's place; where the singers stand when theysing\neh ay cm hns b. e. ingTr ai dp dly e, ds te ove tn heand s, evs ee nven ch.* it efwe rn it vy e- rsone ofri tv he ers P; at nw j&p b,oth Se &r ys ae nts a—o ef xps le av ie nsn\ns*d ei\nE\nvf af ece nhre asn net dtly so;\nf\neves(\ne\nnt vh ee ny [f\nis\nnl to\nr\ntw\ne\nhe\na\nrd\nm es\neb ]y\nch oa\nus rse sv efe\nso\n.n ’ls l—ot\nw\nMh\ne\n.r do Mu uag lh\nlt eh\nrt\nr\n.h ee efot lh dree cou( rw so er ,l ’ds—), M*’ uir- ,Wils ‘o Bn y.\n5 Thepoetaddressesfirstthemost distant rivers, Gangd theGanges ia\nmentioned,indirectly, inonlyoneotherverseoftheEigueda, and even there,\nt Yh ae muw no dr ;d ti hs es Ja uid mnab .y s So im te udrt io b te heth Se utln ea jm oe ro Sf atla ajw .oma Pan v. ushS ne ieVI t. he4 R5. dv3 t1.\ntS ha era Cs hva at ni d; ras be Me gV dI ..^ 61. 2. Asikni; ,t vh .eanc Vi ite an st tdA :ce ps ri on be as b; lythe thV ee Jd li ic eln ua mm ,e tho ef:\nH noy tda is dp ene ts ifo if ed.the ArjiHyd> an' d! Su. sh’ omdarem se aia dni bng y, Yi an sc kr aea ts oed beby tht ehe ViM pja tr sut as nd:\nmth ee anS ti .udhu ;.butthis is not possible, and it is uncertain what riverB are\nS ***** Krum\\ an(i Gomati have been mentioned in previousBooks.\n1he otherstreamswhosenamesoocurinthisstanzaareprobablyunimportant\ntaf tf mlu me snts 5° af ndth 6e mI and yus b. efA ol ul ndth ia nt Zi is mk mn eo rw ’sn Ar le tg ia nr dd ii sn cg hesth Le ebr ei nve ,r ps p.me 4n fft ,ioned in"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1133,
            "content": ": . :\nHYMN THE RIQVEDA\n76.] 491\n7 Flashing and whitely-gleaming in her mightiness, she moves\nalong her ample volumes through the realms,\nMost active of the active, Sindhu unrestrained, like to a dap-\npled mare, beautiful,fair to see.\n8 Rich in good steeds is Sindhu, rioh in cars and robes, rich in\ngold, nobly-fashioned, rich^in ample wealth.\nBlest Silamavati and young TJru&vati invest themselves with\nraiment rich in store of sweets.\n9 Sindhu hath yoked her car, light-rolling, drawn by steeds,\nand with that car shall she win booty in this fight.\nSo have I praised its power, mighty and unrestrained, of\nindependent glory, roaring as it runs. •\nHYMN LXXVT\nPress-stones.\nI grasp at you when power and strength begin to dawn:\nbedew ye, Indra and the Maruts, Heaven and Earth,\nThat Day and Night, in every hall ofsacrifice, maywait onus\nand bless us when they first spriug forth.\nm\n2 Press the libation out, >st excellent of all: the Pressing-\nstone is grasped like a hand-guided steed.\nSo let it win the valour that subdues the foe, and the fleet\ncomber's might that speeds to ample wealth.\n3 Juice thatthis Stone pours out removes defect of ours, as in\nold time it brought prosperity to man.\n7 Inhermightiness: inthepreceding stanzasSindhuappearstobeaKiver-\nGod, butinthisand following verses the epithets are feminine.\n8 Silamdvati and ffrnivatt appear to be names of rivers. According to\nS&yana, thewords are epithets of Sindhuand mean respectively ‘abounding\ninStlamd plants/ sahl to be used for cordage, and ‘rich—in wool.' The\nmeaningof the secondhalf of the secondline is uncertain : fwe—ars[as only\noneriverissupposedto bethesubject]honey-growing (flowers)/ Wilson.\n9 In this fight the hymn may, as Prof. Ludwig suggests, be a prayer\nforaidin abattlethatistobe fought onthe banks of theSindhu orIndus.\nT V oh.h ee s34 Lh 3 ey b—m enn 3 ,45h p,a .s a 4n .b dee a An vt cer r oa s mn i ps o ll n eit toe efra s tt rte aad nn sz la a asn td i1 o— nt ,ra 8 wn iis s tl ha gt i fe v ud e ln lby b exyD p—r P l. r ao nJ f a. . toM Z ru i yi mr m n, oe tr0 e,. s,S A. iU siT gne idx vit ets n-,\nin Max Muller’sIndia\n,\nWhatcanit Teach u3?, pp. 164 168.\n—\nX 1 grasp atyou: ‘I propitiateyou.’ Wilson. Power and strength: the\nmorningbeamswhichbringnewvigour. BayandNight or,‘bothday-halves/\n3 Toman : or,toManu. Tvashtar1smilk-blentjuice; theSomajuicebrewed\n—byTvashtarfortheyear,whichrepresentsthelife-sustainingpowerofNature.\nLudwig. —Brightv>ith the hueofsteeds: tawny-coloured. S&yanainterprets\ndifferently: ‘when the son of Twashtri, hidden by the (stolen) cows, and\nassumingtheform ofahorse, (wastobe slain)/—Wilson. Trisirasthe sonof\nTvashtar was regardedas anenemy ofthe Gods. Indra slewhim and took\npossession ofthe Soma,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1134,
            "content": ": :' :\nm mi HYMNS OP [BOON\nAt sacrifices they established holy rites on Tvashtar’s milk-\nblentjuice bright with the hue of steeds*\n4 Drive ye the treacherous demons far away from us: keep\nJSfirriti afar and banish penury.\nPour riches forth for us with troops of hero sons, and bear ye\nup, 0 Stones, the song thatvisits Gods.\n5 To you who are more mighty than the heavens themselves,\nwho, finishing yourtask with more than Vibhvan’s speed,\nMore rapidly than Vayu seize the Soma juice, better than\nAgni give us food, to you I sing.\n6 Stirred be the glorious Stones: let it press out thejuice, the\nStone with heavenly song that reaches up to heaven,\nThere where the men draw forth the meath for which they\nlong, sending their voice around in’rivalry of speed.\n7 The Stones press out the Soma, swift as car-borne men, and,\neager for the spoil, drain forth the sap thereof.\nTo fill the beaker, they exhaust the udder’s store, as the tnen\npurifyoblations with their lips.\n8 Ye, presentmen, have been most skilful in your work, even\nye, 0 Stones who pressed Soma for Indra’s drink.\nMay all ye have of fair go to the Heavenly Race, and all your\ntreasure to the earthly worshipper.\nHYMN LXXYII. Maruts.\nAs with theirvoice fromcloudtheysprinkle treasureso arethe\nwise man’s liberal sacrifices.\nI praise theirCompanythatmeritsworshipasthegoodMaruta’\npriest to pay them honour.\n4 Nirriti the GoddessofDeathandDestruction.\n5 Vibhvan oneofthe threeRiblius, Vdyu: or,thewind*\n6 Themen: meaningthepress-stones. Cf. stanza8.\n7 The udder's store: thejuice containedin the milky Soma-plant. With\ntheirlips withthepraises thattheyutter.\nS Worshipper : SAyana explains tunvaU by yajam.dni.ya, tothe YaiamAna\no wr hosac pr ri ef si soe er s. outll oie rm efo fr ue sel sit te hr eal St or man asl ja uit ci eo .nwouldbe‘tothepresser,’ theman\nyKI{« 6’1 d* ®™ Ma\" ru8 tr ja-0/ prt[ i!! n®s two ob r:5 elc idu t8 )r hee el“ ri' e kr tef hA t s etc aec c. bro aa ir f» nd id dci en n osg fo att b to o hfS eurA noy Mdma ain rnja f ug. i td i, sv ni tj tld o hin b et ak mi ts n si7 eooi n la w s vh . e’( s—th r‘ We et iw gh li ae ss ry oe dna e.m r da en aTt' shhs ae e)\nMMuililpeurT t’\nranslates\ndifferp er n! te l,s yt .sPe Sc ei eall Vy eds ik cil Sl yed wni tn ,pr I.op pi ,ti 4a 1t 2i .ngthem? Prof M"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1135,
            "content": ": . ; ,\nHYMN 77.] THE RIGVEDA 493\n2 The youths hav —e wrought their ornaments for glory through\nmany nights, this uoble band of Maruts.\nLike stags the Sons of Dyaus have striven onward, the Sons\nof Aditi grown strong like pillars.\n3 They who extend beyond the earth and heaven, by their own\nmass, as from the cloud spreads Surya;\nLike mighty Heroes covetous ofglory, like heavenly gallants\nwho destroy the wicked.\n4 When ye come nigh, as in the depth ofwaters, the earth is\nloosened, as it were, and shaken.\nThis your all-feeding sacrifice approaches: come all united,\nfraught, as ’twere, with viands.\n5 Yearelike horses fastened to the chariotpoles, luminouswith\nyour beams, with splendour as at dawn\nLike self-bright falcons, punishers of wicked men, likehover-\ning birds urged forward, scattering rain around.\n6 When ye come forth, 0 Maruts, from the distance, from the\ngreat treasury of rich possesions,\nKnowing, 0 Vasns, boons that should be granted, even from\nafar drive back the men who hate us.\n7 He who, engaged in the rite’s final duty, brings, as a man,\noblation to the Maruts,\nWins him life’s wealthy fulness, blest with heroes : he shall\nbe present, too, where Gods drink Soma.\n8 Forthesearehelps^adored at sacrifices, bringing good fortune\nby their name Adityas.\nSpeeding on cars let them proteot our praises, delightingia\nour sacrifice•and worship.\n2 This nolle band of Maruts : Prof. Ludwig suggests tliat surnttrutam\nmeansherea festivalheldin honourof theMaruts atthe end of theperiodi-\ncalrains, and that, after many nights, theMaruts adorn themselves for this\ntP ai kl el sar is t: toI mf eol al now ‘hL ou rsd ew si ,’g a; b pau rt alt lh ee lim se man toin sg tago sf ,ak or rft ah nti es lou pn ec s—e .rta Si &n y. auaGe ml ad kn ee sr\nlike, negative, and explains akrflh—by dhramanasildh; ‘theswift-going\nsons of Aditido notincreasein glory,’ Wilson.\n4 Thisyour—all-feedingsacrifice approaches : *this manifold sacrificecomes\ntowards you.’ Wilson.\n7 Intherite'sfinalduty Sftyana explainsudrichiyajMbyyajfie samdpta-\nstutike sampdrne sati whenthesacrificehas its praise perfected, when the\nsacrificeis complete. ,As aman: according to Ludwig, ‘no longer a man/\nthatis, notinhishuman character but having become divine by worship.\nWherethe Gods drinkSoma ; he, a God himself, shall be admitted to the\nGods’ society."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1136,
            "content": ": ; : ;\nmnHYMNS OP BOOK X\n494 l\nHYMN LXXVIII. Maruts.\nYb by yourhymns are like high-thoughted singers, skilful,\ninviting Gods with sacrifices\nFair tobehold, likeKings,with bright adornment, like spot-\nless gallants, leaders of the people\n2 Likefire withflashingflame, breast-boundwith chains ofgold,\nlike tempest-blasts, self-moving, swift to lendyour aid;\nAb bestofallforeknowers, excellent toguide, likeSomas, good\nto guard theman who follows Law.\n3 Shakers ofall, like gales of wind they travel, like tongues of\nburning fires in their effulgence.\nMighty ap they as Warriors clad in armour, and, like the\nFathers' prayers, MostBounteous Givers.\n4 Like spokes of car-wheels in one nave united, ever victorious\nlike heavenly Heroes,\nShedding theirprecious balm like youthful suitors, they raise\ntheir voice and chant their psalm as singers.\n5 They who are fleet to travel like the noblest steeds, long to\nobtain theprize like bounteous charioteers,\nLike waters speeding on with their precipitous floods, like\nomniform Angirases with Sama-hymns.\n6 Born from the stream, like press-stones are the Princes, for\never like the stones that crushin pieces\nSons of abeauteous Dame, like playful children, like a great\nhost upon the march with splendour.\n7 Like rays of Dawn, the visitors of sacrifice, they shine with\nornaments as eagerto be bright.\nLike rivers hasting on, glittering with their spears, from far\naway they measure out the distances.\n0\n8 Gods, sendushappiness andmakeus wealthy, letting us sing-\ners prosper, 0 yeMaruts,\nBethink you of ourpraise and of ourfriendship yefrom ofold\nhave riches to vouchsafe us. :\nHYMN LXXIX.\nAgni.\nI have beheld the might ofthis Great Being, Immortal in the\nmidst of tribesof mortals.\nHisjaws nowopenand now shuttogether much they devour,\n:\ninsatiately chewing.\na*4 yoS uh ne gdd wi on og ert she gi ir vp ere pc ri eo su es nth sa .lm\n;\npouringoutthefertilizingrainaBliberally\n6 Bornfrom thestream from the sea of air,orfrom jSindhu,the Indus.\n7 They measure out the distances: ‘have traversed leagues/—-Wilson.\n*Theymeasuremanymiles/—M. Muller,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1137,
            "content": "—\n:\nSYMN 80.] TSE MOVED A, 495\n2 His eyes are turned away, his head is hidden : unsated with\nhis tongue he eats the fuel.\nWith hands upraised, with reverence in the houses, for him\nthey quickly bring his food together.\n3 Seeking, as 'twere, his Mother's secret bosom, he, like a child,\ncreeps on through wide-spread bushes.\nOne he finds glowing like hot food made ready, and kissing\ndeep within the earth's recesses.\n4 This holy Law I tell you, Earth and Heaven the Infant at\n:\nhis birth devours his Parents.\nHo knowledge of the God have I, a mortal. Yea, Agni know-\neth best, for he hath wisdom.\n5 This man who quickly gives him food, who offe-e rs his gifts of\noil and butterand supports him,\nHimwithhis thousand eyes he closely looks on thou showest\n:\nhim thy face from all sides, Agni.\n6 Agni, hast thou committed sinortreasonamongthe Gods ? In\nignorance 1 ask thee.\nPlaying, not playing, hegold-hued andtoothless, hathcut his\nfood up as the knife a victim.\n7 He, born in wood hath yokedhis horses rushing in all direc-\ntions, held with reins that glitter.\nThe well-born Mend hath carved his food with Yasus in all\n:\nhis limbs he hath increased and prospered.\nHYMN LXXX.\nAgni.\nAgni bestows the fleet prize-winning courser Agni, the hero\n;\nfamed and firm in duty.\nAgni pervades and decks the earth and heaven, and fills the\nfruitful dancte who teems with heroes.\n2 Siseyes; accordingto S&yana, theeyesof Agni arethedistantSun and\nMoon, and his head ishidden in mens’ stomachs, in the shape of the heat\nwhichenablesthemto digest theirfood. Sisfood: thesticksforfuel,which\nareboundupintofagots.\n3 This stanza isvery obscure, Agni, bornfromthewoodof thefire-sticks,\nseems, as he creeps through the brushwood that he is burning, to seek\nentranceagainintohis mother’sside. He then findsan olddry tree or log,\nwhichhad been deeplyrootedintheearth, andfeeds od it as on food that\nhas beenspeciallypreparedforhim.\n4 SisParents: thetwofire-sticks from whichhehas beenproduced.\n6 Hast thou committed sin?: Art thou as voracious and destructive in\nheavenas thou artonearth? Playing, notplaying; playing about the fuel,\nandyet—earnestly intent ondevouringhisfood. *Sporting(here),notsporting\n(there).’ Wilson. A victim: g&m : ox orcow.\n7 Thewell-bornFriend Agni, In allhis limbs : parvabhih: {withlogsof\nwood,’—-Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1138,
            "content": "—\n; ; :\n496 TEE EYMES OF [BOOK X.\n2 Blest be the wood that feeds the active Agni within the two\n:\ngreat worlds hath Agni entered,\nAgni impels a single man to battle, and with him rends in\npieces many a foeman.\n3 Agni rejoiced the ear of himwho praised him, and from the\nwaters burnt away Jarutha.\nAgni saved Atri in the fiery cavern, and made Nrimedha rich\nwith troops o1 f children.\n4 Agni hath granted wealth that decks the hero, and sent the\nsage who wins a thousand cattle.\nAgni hath made oblations rise to heaven : to every place are\nAgni’s laws extended.\n5 With songs of praise the RishiscallonAgni* onAgni, heroes\nworsted in the foray.\nBirds flying in the region call on Agni : around a thousand •\ncattle Agni wanders.\n6 Races ofhuman birth payAgniworship,men whohavesprung\nfrom Nabus line adore him.\nStablished in holy oil is Agni’s pasture, on the Gandharva\npath of Law and Order.\n7 The Ribhus fabricatedprayer for Agni, and wo with mighty\nhymns have called on Agni.\nAgni, Most Youthful God, protect the singer win us by wor-\n:\nship, Agni, greatpossessions.\nHYMN LXXXI. Visvakarman.\nHe who sate down as Hotar-priest, the Rishi, our Father,\noffering up all things existing,\nHe, seeking through his wish a great possession, came among\nmen on earth as archetypal.\n3 Jardtha: seeYXL 1. 7, and9. 6. Atri his deliverance is ascribed to\ntheAsvinsinX. 112. 7, 116. 8, 117, 3, and 118. 7.\n5 Aroundathousandcattle; inthe fires lighted to keep off wild beasts\nanddemonsof darkness.\n6 Gandharvapath sublime; that which the Gandharvas in heaven use\ntotravel.\n7 TheRibhus: orRishisskilfulastheRibhus.\nYisvakarman,the Omnific, is represented in this hymn as the universal\nFatherand Generator, theCreatorof allthingsandArchitectof the worlds.\n1 f “* '\"“ ’\"“VT'ardedasbeingcontainedinthe offeringspresented\nby y.!v.- .: hUwish through hisdesire to create. Archety-\npal'. the niean:*v*‘ 1* 7is uncertain. In Wilson's Translation\n‘inventor’ isa “ ' -/thatis, ‘firstinvestingAgni —with the\nworlds,’ according to S&yaua’s explanation. ‘First appearing.’ Ludwig,\n‘Thefirst worshipper.’—Wallis."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1139,
            "content": "^\n: : ,\nMYMN 81.] TEE MG VEDA, 497\n2 What was the place whereon he took his station 1 What was\nit that supported him? How was it?\nWhence Visvakarman, seeing all, producing the earth, with\nmighty power disclosed the heavens,\n3 He who hath eyes on all sides round about him, a mouth on\nall sides, arms and feet on all sides,\nHe, the Sole God, producing earth and heaven, weldeth them,\nwith his arms as wings, together.\n4 Whatwasthetree,whatwoodinsooth produced it, fromwhich\nthey fashioned out the earth and heaven\n?\nYe thoughtful meninquire within yourspiritwhereonhe stood\nwhen he established all things.\n5 Thine highest, lowest, sacrificial natures, and these thy mid-\nmost here, 0 Visvakarman,\nTeach thou thy friends at sacrifice, 0 Blessed, and come thy-\nself, exalted, to our worship.\n6 Bring thou thyself, exalted with oblation* 0 Visvakarman,\nEarth and Heaven to worship. ^ \"\nLet other men around us live in fpHy : herelet ushave a rich\nand liberal patron. ^-\n7 Let us invoke to-day, t^alcl our labour, the Lord of Speech,\nthe thought-swiftWisvakarman.\nMay he hear kjudfy all our invocations who gives all bliss for\naid, who^works are righteous.\n3 IVeldeihthem cp. IV. 2. 17, and X. 72. 2. With his arms as wings :\nfaqpxftg theflame in which the matter is smelted. Ludwig thinks that\nwhirlwinds, produeed^by the action of hands, feet, andwings, areintended.\n.\n4 The firsthalf-lineoccursalso in X. .31. 7. They the makers of the\n—\nworld directedby Paramesvara. S&yana. —\n5 Or the first half-line maybe rendered: ‘Thy sacrificial forms, the\nhighest, lowest.’—Come thyself, exalted, to our worship: ‘exhilarated,thyself\noffer upthyself.’ Muir. *Do thou sacrificetothyself delightingthyself.*—.\nWallis. ‘According toMaMdharathe meaning is that man is incompetent\nto worship the creator, that is, in his forms, and it must be done by\n—\nhimself.’ Wilson. IhaveadoptedProf.Ludwig’sexplanationofthelastclause.\n6 Bring toworship: or, sacrificeto Heaven and Barth.\n7 Our labour: the arduous work of sacrificing. fIn our conflict.’— Muir.\nThehymn has beentranslated byDr. J. Muir, 0. S. Texts IV. pp. 6, 7, by\nMr. Wallis, Cosmologyof the Rigveda ,pp. 81—83, and, partly, by Prof. F.\nMaxMullerinhisEibbertLectures,p. 293f,\nSee alsoMme.Z6naide Bagozin, VedicIndia, pp. 263, 416.\n32"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1140,
            "content": "—\n: : : : ;\nm THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\nHYMN* LXXXIL Visyakarman.\nThe Father of the eye, the Wise in spirit, created both these\nworlds submerged in fatness.\nThen when the eastern ends were firmlyfastened, the heavens\nand the earth were far extended.\n2 Mighty in mind and power is Yisvakarman, Maker, Disposer*\nand mostlofty Presence.\nTheir offerings joy in rich juice where they value One, only\nOne, beyond the Seven Rishis,\n3 Fatherwho made us, he who, as Disposer, knoweth all races\nand all things existing, —\nEven henlone, the Deities’ name-giver, him other beings\nseek for information.\n—\n4 To him in sacrifice they offered treasures, Rishis of old, in\nnumerous troops, as singers,\nWho, in the distant, near, and lower region, made ready all\nthese things that have existence.\n5 That which is earlier'thanthis earth and heaven, before the\nAsuras and Gods had being,\nWhat wasthe germ primeval which thewatersreceived where\nall the Gods were seentogether?\n6 The waters, they received that germ primeval wherein the\nGods were gathered all together.\nIt rested set uponthe Unborn’s navel, thatOnewhereinabide\nall things existing.\n7 Ye will not findhim who produced these creatures : another\nthing hath risen up among you.\nEnwrapt in misty cloud, with lips that stammer, hymn-\nchanters wander and are discontented.\n1 TheFatheroftheeye Visyakarman,whomadethelight which enables\ntheeyeto—see. Submerged in fatness S&yana explains ghritdm here by\n4water fengenderedt—hewater,(andthen) thesetwo (heaven and earth)\nfloating(on thewaters).' Wilson.\n2 MostloftyPresence: literally,thehighestapparition thehighest image\n;\norobjectof spiritual contemplation. Theirofferings,* the offerings, or per-\nhapsthe wishes, of the Fathers, semi-personified. The Seven Rishis the\nconstellation UrsaMajor,thesevenstarsofwhicharethegreatRishisMariehi,\nAtri,Angiras,Pulastya,Pulaha,Kratu,andYasishtha. Themeaningis that\nthespiritsof theblestenjoythefulfilment of all their desires beyond the\nstarryheavenswherethe OneBeing,thegreatCreator, dwells.\nral3 fF uno cr tii on nf sor am ra et .ion: tolearn whoistheSupreme God\n;\norwhat theirseve-\n4 Distant, near ,andlowerregion meaning, apparently, theheavenly, the\nearthly, andtheintermediateatmosphere.\n6 The Unborn ,Aja, seems here to be identified with Visvakarman. See\nVedic India pp. 423, 424.\n,\n7 Anotherthing meaning, accordingto the Commentator, ‘Yisvakarman"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1141,
            "content": ":\nm\nHYMN 83.] THE R1GVBDA.\nHYMN\nLXXXIII. Manyu.\nHe who hath reverencedthee, Manyu, destructive bolt, breeds\nfor himself forthwith all conquering energy.\na\nArya aud Dasa will we conquer with thine aid, with thee the\nConqueror, with conquest conquest-sped.\n2 Manyu was Indra, yea, the God was Manyu, Manyu was\nHotar, Varuna, J&tavedas.\nThe tribes of human lineage worship Manyu. Accordant with\nthy fervour, Manyu, guard us.\n3 Come hither, Manyu, mightier than the mighty chase, with\n;\nthy fervour for ally, our foemen. #\nSlayer of foes, of Vritra, and of Dasyu, bring thou to us all\nkinds of wealth and treasure.\n4 For thou art, Manyu, of surpassing vigour, fierce, queller of\nthe foe, and self-existent,\nShared by all men, victorious, subduer : vouchsafe to us\nsuperior strength in battles.\n5 I have departed, still without a portion, wise God according\n!\nto thy will, the Mighty.\nI, f ce oe mb ele tm ha on u, towa gs ivw ero mt eh vw ii gt oh urt .hee, 0 Manyu : I am myself ;\n6 Come hither, I am all thine own advancing turn thou to\n;\nme, Yictorious, All-supporter\n!\nis adifferententityfrom youw —hoare sentient beings, who have individual\nconsciousness, and so forth.’ See Editor’s note in Wilson’s translation.\nS&yana ‘gives thegeneral sense of the last clause [of the stanza] as irYou\naremerelyanxiousforenjoymentin this world and iu the next, therefore\nyouknownothingof Viaoukavman/’ takingukthasdsah as implying singing\nhymns withaview t*ogainingfelicity in a future itate. Mahldhara has a\nsimilarexplanation : “you whoare engaged inthe enjoyments of this world\nor thenext, bein—gsubjecttofalse knowledgeorignorance,havenoknowledge\nof theTruth.”’ Wilson.\nWith regardto this and the preceding hymn Mr. Wallis observes that\nthey make no attemptto explainin whatwaythe process of sacrifice could\nberegardedas anactof creation. We aretoldlittlemorethan that Visva-\nkarman was aprimevalsacrificerand alsoacreator we have no hinthow to\nc ppo .mb 8i 3,ne 84t ,he ant dwo Mui id re ,as 0. S ,w I- i; ; 7« 8u ,ni wt hy. ereS te he; eCo hs ym mol nog iy so tf rat nh se laR ti eg dve ad na d,\nsomeof its difficultiesarediscussed. Prof. Ludwig's Commentary is especi-\nally fullandvaluable, andshould beconsultedbyallstudentsof theVeda.\n1 Manyu Anger, Passion, personified.\n3 With thyfervour: tdpasd: tdpasmeans fheat,’ 1burning/ and, secondly,\npenance,rigorousabstraction.\n5 Withoutaportion: withoutashare in thyfavours. Iammyself: I am\nj (u Bs et inw gha (t inI coa rm\npor;\naa tew de wa ik thm )or mta yl, bofo dr y,wh ao ps pe roi anf ci hrm mi et .y ’—al Wl io lwa sn oc ne .Bhouldbemade,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1142,
            "content": ": ;\nm\nTEE ETMNS OF [BOOK X, .\nCome to me, Manyu, Wielder of the Thunder : bethink thee of\nthy friend, and slay the Dasyus.\n7 Approach, and on my righthand hold thy station so shallwe\n:\nslay a multitude offoemen.\nThe best ofmeath I offer to support thee : may we be first to\ndrink thereofinquiet.\nHYMN LXXXIV. Manyu.\nBorne on with thee, 0 Manyu girt by Maruts, let our brave\nmen, impetuous, bursting forward,\nMarch on, like flames of fire in form, exulting, with pointed\narrows, sharpening their weapons.\n2 Flashinglike fire, be thou, 0 conquering Manyu, invoked, 0\nVictor, as our army’s leader.\nSlay thou our foes, distribute their possessions : show forth\nthy vigour, scatter those who hate us.\n3 0 Manyu, overcome thou our assailant : on ! breaking, slay-\ning, crushing down the foemen.\nThey have not hindered thine impetuous vigour Mighty,\n:\nSole born thou makest them thy subjects.\n!\n4 Alone ofmany thou art worshipped, Manyu sharpen the\n:\nspirit of each clan for battle.\nWiththeetoaid, 0thouof perfectsplendour,we willupliftthe\nglorious shout for conquest.\n5 Unyielding, bringing victory like Indra, 0 Manyu, be thou\nbere our Sovran Ruler.\nTo thy dear name, 0 Victor, we sing praises we know the\n;\nspring from which thou art come hither.\n6 Twin-born with power, destructive boltofthunder, thehighest\nconquering might is thine. Subduer !\nBe friendly to us in thy spirit, Manyu, 0 Much-invoked, in\nshock of mighty battle.\n7 For spoil let Varuna and Manyu give us the wealth of both\nsides gathered aud collected\nAnd let our enemies with strick; en spirits, o’erwhelmed with\nterror, slink away defeated.\n1Likeflamesoffireinform;agnirilpdh:Homer’sSiflagTrvpbgaWojuivoco\n3 Sole lorn\ncOthouwhoartwithoutcompanion-—\nWilson,\n.\n5 Thespring thesource.\n7 Forspoil: thepreservation oftheir own property and the seizure of\n^®ir enemies’ goods being regarded as a double conquest. Or dhdnam\nubhdyammaymean wealthofbothkinds,horsesand cows.\nThishymnandthe precedingaretoberepeated,Saya.iasays,atsacrificesto\nensurethedestruction ofenemies."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1143,
            "content": ": ; : :: : ; ;\nHYMN 85.] tub mareba. 501\nHYMN LXXXV. SArya’sBridal.\nTruth isthe base that bearsthe earth by Suryaarethe heav-\n;\nens sustained.\nBy Law the Adityas stand secure, and Somaholds his place in\nheaven.\n2 BySomaaretheAdityasstrong,bySomamighty is the earth.\nThusSomainthemidstofalltheseconstellationshathhis.place.\n3 One thinks, when they have brayed the plant, that he hath\ndrunk the Soma’sjuice\nOf himwhomBrahmans tr; uly knowasSomanoone evertastes.\n4 Soma, securedbyshelteringrules,guardedbyhymns inBrihati,\nTbou standest listening tothestones none tastes ofthee who\n:\ndwells on earth.\n5 When they begin to drinkthee, then, 0 God, thouswellestout\nagain.\nYayu isSoma’sguardianGod. TheMoon is that whichshapes\nthe years.\n6 Raibhi was her dear bridal friend, andN&rAsansiled her home.\nLovely was Sury&’s robe she came to that which G&thfl had\n:\nadorned.\n7 Thought was the pillow of her couch, sight was the unguent\nfor her eyes\nHer treasury was earth and heaven when Suryfl went unto\nher Lord.\nm\nThe mainsubject ofthiscompositehymn, whichis oneofthelatest the\nRigveda,istheceremonyof marriagein generalandmoreespeciallythewed-\ndingofSfiry&,theDaughterofthe Sun, another form of Dawn, who is re-\ngardedas thetypicalbride.\n1 Truth: orreality ; sdtyarn , usedinterchangeably with rltam, the Law\nandOrderoftheuniverse.\n2 By Soma bythepowerof thedeified Soma whose influence pervades,\nquickens, andsupportsallexistence. In thesecondline Soma is the Moon,\nbut perhapsthereis an allusionto the othersensealso ofthe word. These\nconstel—lations; thenaJcshati'asorlunar mansions. ‘In the centre of these\nstars.’ Muir,\n3 Knoio asSoma know-tobe theMoon,regarded asthefoodof Godsonly.\n4 ByhymnsinBrihatt thatis by hymnsinthatmetre. Butthemeaning\nof Mrhaiaikisuncertain. Accordingto S&yana, theB&rhatas are the seven\nguardiansof theSoma, Sv&na, Bhr&ja, Angh&ri, andothers.\n5 They the Gods. Thee the ambrosiacontained in thee, which the\nGods drink during the waningof the Moou. 0 Qod Soma, theMoon.\n6 Somaisthedeityof thepreceding five stanzas. Siirya’s Bridal is the\nsubjectof 6—17. Raibht, N&rdsansU aud Qdthdare ritual verse, eulogistic\nhymn,andnon-Vedicsongpersonified.\n7 Treasury: kdsali meaning,probably,trousseauor bridaloutfit. Accord-\ningto some thebox or body of thechariotisintended."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1144,
            "content": "—\n, ; : : :: : : : :\nTEE EYMNS OF [BOOK X\n502\n8 Hymns were the cross-bars of the pole, Kurira-metre decked\nthe car\nThe bridesmen were the Asvin Pair Agni was leaderof the\n:\ntrain.\n9 Soma was he who wooed the maid : the groomsmen were both\nAsvins, when\nThe Sun-God Savitar bestowed hiswilling Suryjl on her Lord.\n10 Her spirit was the bridal car; the covering thereof was\nheaven\n:\nBright wereboth Steersthat drew it, when SurjA approached\nher husband’s home.\n11 Thy Steers were steady, kept in place by holy verse and\nSama-hymn\n;\nAll ear were thy two chariot wheels : thy path was tremulous\nin the sky.\n12 Clean, as thou wentest, were thy wheels ; wind was the axle\nfastened there.\nSdrya, proceeding to her Lord, mounted aspirit-fashionedcar.\n13 The bridal pomp of Surya, which Savitar started, moved\nalong.\nIn Magha days are oxen slain, in Arjunls they wed the bride.\n14 When on your three-wheeled chariot, 0 .Asvins, ye came as\nwooers unto Surya’s bridal,\nThen all the Gods agreed toyour proposal : Pfishan as Son\nelected you as Fathers.\n15 0 yeTwoLordsoflustre,thenwhenyeto SuryA’s wooing came.\nWhere was one chariot-wheel ofyours? Where stood ye for\nthe Sire's command?\n$ Deckedhercar formeditscanopy. Butthe meaningof—opasdhhereis\nuncertain. ‘JKurtra metre was the thong of the whip/ Wilson. The\nIridesmen: inI. 119. 7 andelsewheretheAsvinsaresaid tobethehusbands\nof SffryA Heretheyarerepresentedasthe friends who had asked her in\nmarriageforSoma.\ntw1 o1 eaA rl sl\n.\nea ‘r Theth te wt oex wt heh ea ls ss wr edt rr eam t, hyan eae ra sr /,—wh Wii lc sh onS .&yanasays, meansarotre\n,\n13 InMagMdays orinstricteraccordancewiththetext, *InAgh&days/\nwhen theMoonisinthelunarmansionMagM. SeeJacobi,Festgruss an, JR,\n•von Moth p. 09, and Weber, Vedische JBeitrage, p. 32f. Slain only on\nespecially festiveoccasions,weddings for instance. ‘Are whipped along/\nWilson. InArjunis: twoasterismsorlunarmansions,morecommonlycalled\nPhalgunis. TheywedthehHde sheisesc>rtedtoherhusband'shome.\n14 Aswooers: on behalf of Soma. Ptlshan here meaning Savitar. Son\nandFathers intendedtoexpress close relationship and Savitar’s obligation\ntotheAsvinswhohadarrangedthemarriage.\n15 Forthe Sire’scommand toreceive Savitar’ainvitationto take part in\nthe bridalprocession. AccordingtoSayana, (toofferyour gift/"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1145,
            "content": ":: : : ;\nHYMN\n85,]\nTHE RIGVEDA.\n16 The Brahmans, by their seasons, know, 0 Surya, those two\nwheels of thine\n:\nOne, kept concealed, those only who are skilled in highest\ntruths have learned.\n17 To Sury& and the Deities, to Mitra and to Yarnna,\nWhoknow aright the thing that is,this adoration have I paid.\n18 By their own power these Twain inclose successionmove\n;\nThey go as yd cVMr*': round the sacrifice.\nOne of the b .. i « h all existing things; the other\nordereth seasons and is born again.\n19 He, born afresh, is new and new for ever: ensigu of days he\ngoes before the Mornings.\nComing, he orders for the Gods their portion. The Moon pro-\nlongs the days of oar existence.\n20 Mount this, all-shaped, gold-hued, with strong wheels, fash-\nioned of Kinsuka and Salmail, light-rolling,\nBound for the world of life immortal, Surya ; make for thy lord\na happy bridal journey.\n21 Bise up from hence : this midden hath a husband. I laud\nVisvavasu with hymns and homage.\nSeek in her father’s home another fair one, and find the\nportion from of old assigned thee.\n23 Kiseupfromhence,Visvavusu\n:\nwith revei*encewe worshipthee.\nSeek thou another willing maid, and with her hushaud leave\nthe bride,\n23 Straight in direction be the paths, and thornless, whereon\nour fellows travel to the wooing.\nLet Aryamau and Bhaga lead us perfect, G Gods, the union\n:\nof the wife^and husband.\n16 Thetwowheelsareprobablyheaven nnd earth, and the third, onekept\nconcealed, isthemysteriousinvisibleworld beyondthem.\n18 Inthis stanza.andthefollowing one, which are but loosely connected\nwiththerestof—the hymn,SuryarepresentstheSun,and Soma is theMoon.\n20 Stanzas20 33 contain acollection of formulasrepeatedwhenthebride\nmounts herchariot, while sheis travellingtoherhusband’shouse, when she\narrivesthere, and on thefollowingmorning. This chariot. Kinsuha the\nw bao ro icd a.of St th ie ryB dute ta hefro gn ird losa is, adS da rl em sa sl ei\nd\nbt yhe thsi elk n-c ao mt eton oftre Se ur; y&S ,alm ta hl eia tym pa il ca a-\nl\nbride.\n21 Visvdvasa oneoftheGandharvas, theprotectorof virgins. He is told\nto leave thebridewhonolongerneedshiscare, and to transferhisguardian-\nship to somemarriageable maiden who hasn —ot yet found a husband. Fair\none: vy&Jct&m: 4decorated withornaments.’ Wilson\n£3 To thewooing: tothefather, to whom the intendersare to apply for\nhis daughter’shandonbehalf of theirfriend, accordingtoS£yana,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1146,
            "content": ";:\n504 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n24 Now from the noose of Varuna I free thee, wherewith Most\nBlessed Snvitar hath bound thee.\nIn Law's seat, to the world of virtuous action, I give thee up\nuuinjured with thy consort.\n25 Hence, and not thence, I send thee free. I make thee softly\nfetteredthere,\nThat, Bounteous Indra, she may live blest in her fortune and\nher sons.\n26 Let Pushan take thy hand and hence conduct thee ; may the\ntwo Asvins on their car transport thee.\nGo to the house to be the household’s mistress and speak as\nladyto thy gathered people.\n27 Happy be thou and prosper with thychildren here : be vigi-\nlant to rule thyhousehold in this home.\nClosely unite thy body with this man, thylord. So shall ye,\nfull of years, address your company.\n28 Her hue is blue and red : the fiend who clingeth close is\ndriven off.\nWell thrive thekinsmen ofthis bride : the husband is bound\nfast in bonds.\n29 Give thou the woollen robe away : deal treasure to the Brah-\nman priests.\nThis female fiend hath got her feet, and as a wife attends\nher lord.\n30 Unlovely is his body when it glistens with this wicked fiend,\nWhat time the husband wraps about his limbs the garment\nof his wife.\nr*\n24 ThenooseofVaruna thegirdlewithwhich the bride is girded after\nshehas beenbathed, combed,and dressed for the marriage ceremony. See\nProf. MaxMuller'sEigveda-Sanhitd, Vol.VI.,Preface,p 14. Or,asLanman\nsuggests,thenoosemaymeanthetieby whichagirlisbound to her father\ntillmarriage. Law's seat theplaceof sacrifice,thealtar.\n—\nStanzas24 2d and 32, 33 are spoken just beforethe bride's departure\nfromherfather’shouse.\n25 Hence and not thence: from thy father's house and not from thy\nhusbands.\n27 Bevigilantto rule thy hous—ehold: this is S&yana's explanation. *Be\nwatchfulover the domestic fire.’ Wilson. The verse is addressed to the\nbride, and tothenewly-weddedpaironarrivalatthebridegroom’shouse.\n23 Herhue: thecolour of Krityd, Magic personified, a female deity or\nfiend.\n29 Thewoolltntohe; (thegarmentsoiledby thebody.’—Wilson. Attends\nherlord: the magic, orevilspell, returnsto itsoriginator.—Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1147,
            "content": "—\n—\n:\nm\nHYMN 85 THE EIGVEDA.\n.]\n31 Consumptions, from her people, which follow the bride's re-\nsplendent train,\nThese let the Holy Gods again bear to the place from which\nthey came.\n32 Let not the highway thieves who lie in ambush find the wed-\nded pair.\nBy pleasant ways let them escape the danger, and let foes\ndepart.\n33 Signs of good fortune mark the bride come all ofyou and\n:\n% look at her.\nWish her prosperity, and then return untoyour homes again.\n34 Pungent is this, and bitter this, filled, as it wera, with arrow-\nbarbs, Empoisoned and not fit for use.\nThe Brahman who knows Sfirya well deserves the garment of\nthe bride.\n35 The fringe, the—cloth that decks her head, andthen thetriply\nparted robe,\nBehold the hues which Sfirya wears : these doth the Brahman\npurify.\n36 I take thy hand in mine for happy fortune thatthou mayst\nreach old age with me thy husband.\nGods, Aryaman, Bhaga, Savitar, Purandhi' have given thee to\nbe myhousehold's mistress.\n37 0 Pushan, send her onas most auspicious, her who shallbe the\nsharer of my pleasures\nHerwho shall twine herlo; vingarmsaboutme, andwelcome all\nmy love and mine embraces.\n38 For thee, with bridal train, they, first, escorted SftryH to her\nhome. *\nGive to the husband in return,. Agni, the wife with progeny.\n31 Fromherpeople: *am —ost remarkableand directassumptionof “here-\ndity** as a lurkingdanger,* Mme.Z^uaSdeJiagozin, Vedic India, p. 371.\n33 Perhapsspoken, ontheway, tothespectators of theprocession.\n34 This: thebride'sgarment. Mryd meaninghere the song of Sfiry&'ft\nBridal.\n35 The meaningof rfsdsanam, visasanam and adhivikartanamisuncertain.\nProf.Wilsonrendersthesewordsby *border-. cloth,’ ‘head-cloth,*and ‘divided\nskirt.’Prof,Weberandthe St.PetersburgLexiconexplainthepassageasrefer-\nringto thepreparation ofthe carcass of theanimalthathas been slaughtered\nforthefestivity. Accordingtothis view the first linemightherendered:\n‘Thebutchering, the cuttingup, the severing of limb and joint* and for\n;\n‘hues* ‘forms’ might be substituted.\n36 The bridegroom addresses the bride,\n• .38 Thee : Agni. They? the Gaudharvas, according to S&yana,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1148,
            "content": ";\nm\nTHE HYMNS OP [BOOK X.\n39 Agni hath given the bride again with splendour and with\nample life.\nLong-lived be he who is her lord ; a hundred autumns lethim\nlive.\n40 Soma obtained her-first of all; next the Gandharva -was her\nlord.\nAgni was thy third husband : now one born of woman is thy\nfourth.\n41 Soma to the Gandharva, and to Agni the Gandharva gave\n:\nAnd Agni hath bestowed on me riches and sons and this my\nspouse.\n** 42 Be yenotparted dwellyehere reachthefulltime of human\n; ;\nlife.\nWith sons and grandsons sport and play, rejoicing in your\nown abode.\n43 So may Prajapati bring children forth to us may Aryaman\n;\nadorn us till old age come nigh.\nNot inauspicious enter thouthyhusband’shouse\n:\nbringbless-\ning to our bipeds and ourquadrupeds.\n44 Not evil-eyed, no slayer of thy husband, bring weal to cattle,\nradiant, gentle-hearted\nLoving the Gods; delightful, bearing heroes, bring blessing to\nour quadrupeds and bipeds.\n45 0 Bounteous Indra, make this bride blestin her sons and for-\ntunate.\nVouchsafe to her tensons, andmakeherhusbandtheeleventh\nman.\n46 Over thyhusband’s fatherand thyhusband’smotherbearfull\nsway. *\nOverthe sister of thy lord, over his brothers rule supreme.\n47 SomaytheUniversalGods, somaytheWaters joinourhearts.\nMay Matarisvan, Dhatar, and Deshtri together bind us close.\n40 AsthetypicalbrideSuryfi, wasfirstmarriedtoSoma,sotheyoungmaid\noriginallybelongstohim,thentotheGandharva,astheguardianof virginity,\nthen toAgnias the sacredfire roundwhich—shewalks in the marriage cere-\nmony, and fourthlytoherhumanhusbaud—Grassmann.\n42 Theformulaecontainedin stanzas 42 47are repeatedwhen the bride-\ng Tr ho eom weh da ds er det pu ar in red arw eit ah ddh ri es ssb eri dde fit ro st,his anh dom te h, enan td heof bfe rr is desa ic srif ei xc he ow ri tt eh\nd\nf ai nr de *.\nblessed. Stanza47 isspokenbythebridegroom forhiswifeandhimself.\n47 JDethtrt: Instructress, afemaledeity, not mentioned elsewhere inthe\nbK oi ug nv te id fa u. l (A Sac rc ao sr wd ati in )g .*t —o WS i& ly sa on na ., ddtrt phaldiidm sarasvati is meant ; 1the\nForafull accountof themarriageceremonies of the Hindfis,derivedfrom"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1149,
            "content": "E7MN 86.] THE RIGVEDA. 507\nHYMN LXXXVI. ' Indra.\nMen have abstained frompouring juice theycountnotIndra\n:\nas a God\nWhere at the votary's store my friend Vrishakapi hath drunk\nhis fill. Supreme is Indra over all.\n2 Thou,Indra,heedlesspassestbytheillVrishakapihathwrought;\nYetnowhere else thoufindest place wherein to drink theSoma\njuice. Supreme is Indra over all.\n3 Whathathhedone to injurethee, thistawny beastVrishakapi,\nWith whom thou artso angrynow 1 What is the votary's food-\nful store? Supreme is Indra over all.\n4 Soon may the hound who hunts the boar seize him and bite\nhim in the ear,\nO Indra, that Vrishakapi whom thou protectest as a friend.\nSupreme is Indra over all.\n5 Kapi hath marred the beauteous things, all deftly wrought,\nthat were my joy.\nIn pieces will I rend his head the sinner's portion shall be\n;\nwoe. Supreme is Indra over all.\n6 No Dame hath ampler charms than I, or greater wealth of\nlove's delights.\nNone with more ardour offers all her beauty to her lord's em-\nbrace. Supreme is Indra over all.\nthe ritnalof Br&limanswhousetheS&ma-veda,seeColebrooke’sMiscellaneous\nEssays,No. III., and Weberand Haas, IndisckeStudien, V. pp, 177 ff. See\nalso Hymnsof theAtharva-veda, BookXIV.,andDr. J. Ehni’s paper, Zeits-\nchrift der JDeutschen Morgenldndischen Gesellschaft, XXXIII. pp. 166 ff. I\nhavereliedmainlyon Ludwig’sCommentary. Prof. Grassmannhasbanished\nthehymntohisAppendix.\nVri1 shS && ky aa pn ia isas sc ar ii dbe ts ot hh ai vs est ma on nz oa pot —lo iI zn ed dr ta h; eot oh ffe er rs inm ga ske thaI tnd sr h& on ul ldth he avs epea bk ee er n.\n—presented toIndra. Vrhhdkapi literally‘thestrongape*’ orcthemaleape’\nappears to beasort ofintermediatebeingbetween ademigodandademon ;\nbutitisnoteasy to determinehis nature. S&yana callshim theson ofIndra.\nHe is also Baidtobe thesettingBun, andthesunwhodraws upvapour and\nirrigateswithmist. AccordingtoM.Bergaigue,LaReligion Vedique\n,\nII,270,\nhewas amythicalsacrifices\n2 IndiAniblames Indraforhisapathy.\n3 Indra'speaks. Whatisthevotary’sfoodfulstore7; whyshouldhisappro-\npriation ofthe worshipper’s offerings maketheesoangry ?\n4 Indr&nt isthespeakerofthisstanzaand ofthetwo, orthree,thatfollow.\n5 Kapi: the ape; an abbreviation of Vrish&kapi. Hathmarred thebeau-\nbte you ms yth wi on rg ss h: ipa pc ec ro sr .din Bg ut to iS tft By ea’ ema s, h ma ot rh es pp ro oi ble ad blt eh te ho ab tl Va rti io sn hs akp ar pe ipa hr ae sd af so sr aum lte\n-\ned IndiAd and inflictedinjuries onherperson.\n6 Iudrdnlspeakswith pride ofhervoluptuous charmswhichincitedVrishA-\nkapitohisamorousassault."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1150,
            "content": ":\n508 THE HYMNS OH {BOOK X.\n7 Mother whose love is quickly won, I say what verily will be.\n9 My breast, 0 Mother, and my head and both my hips seem\nquivering. Supreme is,Indra over all.\ng Dame with the lovely hands and arms, with broad hair-plaits\nadd ample hips,\nWhy, 0 thou Hero'swife, artthou angrywith ourVrish&kapi ?\nSupreme is Indra over all.\nThis noxious creature looks on me as onebereft of hero's love.\nYet Heroes for my sons have I,the Maruts'Friend and Indra's\nQueen. Supreme is Indra over all.\n10 From oldentime thematron goesto feastandgeneralsacrifice.\nMotherof Heroes, Indra'sQueen, the rite'sordainer is extolled.\nSupreme is Indra over all.\n11\nSohaveIheardIndrdnicalledmostfortunateamongtheseDames,\nFor never shall her Consort die in futuretime through length\nofdays. Supreme is Indra over all.\n12 Never, Indr&ni, have I joyed without my friend Vrish&knpi,\nWhose welcome offeringhere, made pure with water, goeth to\nthe Gods. Supreme is Indra over all.\n13 WealthyYrishakapayi, blestwithsonsandconsorts ofthy sons,\nIndra will eat thybulls, thydearoblation thatetfecteth much.\nSupreme is Indra overall.\n14 Fifteeuinnumber, then, formeascoreofbullocks theyprepare,\nAnd I devour the fatthereof: they fill my belly full withfood.\nSupreme is Indra overall.\n15 Likeasabullwithpointedhorn, loudbellowingamid theherds,\nSweet to thine heart, 0 Indra, is the brew which she who\ntends thee pours. Supreme is Indra over aJI,\n7 Thisstanzaisascribed by S&yanatoYrish&kapi. Itishardlyintelligible;\nbat, asLudwigsays,itseemstobespokenby Indi&nl, expressingherindigna-\ntionatVrish&kfipi’saudacitywhich makesall her bodyquiverwith rage.\n8 Indraspeaks.\n9 Indr&nispeaksthisand thefollowing stanza. Bereftofh&'o's love; who\nhasno bravehusband toprotecther.\n10 The matrongoes to feast Indr&ni means that VrisMkapiassaulted her\nwhenshewas on herwaytoa festival, which womenwere accustomedto at-\ntend ; andthatherrankas Indra’sconsortdidnotpreserve herfrom insult.\n11 Indraspeaksthisandthefollowingstanza.\nJ3 Spoken byVrislntkapitohis wife Yrish&kap&yfwhois said to represent\nthedawn,or,byothers,thegloamingwhichfollowsthesettingsunYrisb&kapf.\n14 Indraspeaks. Fifteen: sacrifices; probably YrislAkapi and hi—s wife,\nwa on rd sht ih pe pi er rsso dn rs essan fd ord ma eugh fit fe tr es e- nin (« al na dw ). tweSf nt ty yan ba ulle sx .’p—lai Wn is lsodi nf .ferently: *The\n15 Indr&ntspeaks, endeavouringtoattracthimtoherown libationinstead\nof theofferingsof Vrlsh&kapi.\nI passoverstanzas 16 and 17, whichIcannottranslateintodecentEnglish."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1151,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN m\n86.] THE RIGYEDA.\n18 0 Indra this Vrishakapi bath found a slain wild animal,\nDresser, and new-made pan, and knife, and wagon with aload\nof wood* Supreme is Indra over all\n19 Distinguishingthe Dasa and the Arya, viewing all, I go.\nI look uponthe wise, and drink the simple votary’sSomajuice.\nSupreme is Indra over all.\n20 The desert plains and steep descents, how many leagues ill\nlength they spread\n!\nGo to the nearest houses, go unto thine home, Vrishakapi.\nSupreme is Indra over all.\n21 T Tu hr on ut gh oe ee sa tg hai on meVr wi as rh dak oa npi t; hywe wt aw yai an low ni gll tb hr ii sn pg st th hee wnh ia cp hpin le es as d.\ns\nto sleep. Supreme is Indra over all.\n22 When, IndraandVrishakapi, yetravelledupwardtoyourhome,\nWhere was that noisome beast, to whom went it, the beast\nthat troubles mau ? Supreme is Indra over all,\n23 Daughter of Maim, Parsu bai’e a score of children at a birth.\nHer portion verily was \"bliss although her burthen caused her\ngrief.\n18 Indr&dspeaks,bub her speech is difficult to understand. Wild ani-\nnxal von Roth conjectures ‘wild ass* as the meaning of par —asvantam\nIhe nr de r. dniD sr ee es ms ser t: oso pr eas kla du eg ph rt ee cr i- ab te in nc gh l. yof‘A asf ai cr re i- fp il ca ece off( et ro edc boo yk Vit r). i’ sMkW ai pl ison a.\ns\nconsistingof an unsuitable victim, prepared with instruments and means\nwhichchance has thrown inhis way. Ludwigthinks that Yrish&kapi may\nrepresent the Moon whose spots are fancifully consideredto bethe objects\nmentionedby Indr&iii.\n19 Ilook: with favour. Thesimplevotaryistheworshipperwhooffershis\nlibation inasincerespirit of devotion. The stanza and the two following\narespokenby Indr*.\n20 Vrish&kapi appears to meditate flight into distant deserts to escape\nfrom thewrathful Indr&ni. Indradissuadeshim, and promises to reconcile\nIndrdni tohim.\n22 ThetwoconcludingstanzasseemtobespokenbyIndr&ni. Stanza 22is\nobscure,andstanza23hasnodiscoverableconnexionwiththerestofthehymn.\n23 Daughterof Manu thatis,of the progenitorof men. Nothing more\nis known of Parsu, which meansarib. Much of this hymn appears to be\ninexplicable. M, BergaignethinksthatVrishakapi, Indra’sfriend,represents\nSoma, and IndiAnithe wifeof Indrarepresents Prayer. ‘Thisbizarremyth\nwouldsymbolizethefrequently expressed ideathat Indraloves neitherthe\nsacred beverage withoutprayernorprayer withoutthesacredbeverage. He\nwishesthereforehisunionwithPrayerto be accompanied by the union of\nPrayerwith Soma, andheneglectssacrifice,aslongas this—union of the two\nessential elements of worship remains unaccomplished.’ See ha Religion\nVUique, II. 270,271. 4\nProf. Geldnergivesadifferent interpretation of thehymn, whi.ch he—has\ntranslated and exhaustively discussed in —Vedische Studien, II. pp. 22 42.\nSee also Oldenberg, Religiondee Veda 172 174,\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1152,
            "content": ";\nTHE HYMNS OF BOOK X\n510 [\nHYMN LXXXVIL Agni.\nI BALM with, oil the mighty Bakshas-slayer ; to the most\nfamous Friend I come for shelter.\nEnkindled, sharpened by our rites, may Agni protect us in\nthe day and nightfrom evil.\n2 0 Jatavedas with the teeth of iron, enkindled with thy flame\nattack thedemons.\nSeize with thy tongue the foolish gods’ adorers : rend, put\nwithin thy mouth the raw-flesh eaters.\n3 Apply thy teeth, the upper and the lower, thou who hast\nboth, enkindled and destroying.\nBoam also in the air, 0 King, around us, and with thy jaws\nassail thewicked spirits.\n4 Bending thy shafts through sacrifices, Agni, whetting their\npoints with song as if with whetstoues,\nPierce to thehearttherewith the Yatudh&nas, andbreak their\narms upliftedto attack thee.\n5 Pierce throughtheY&tudhana’sskin, 0 Agni let the destroy-\n;\ning dart with fire consume him.\nBend hisjoints, Jatavedas, let the eaterofflesh, flesh-seeking,\ntrack his mangled body.\n6 Where now thou seest, Agni Jatavedas, one of these demons\nstanding still or roaming,\nOr flying oh thosepathsin air's mid-region, sharpen the shaft\nand as an archerpierce him.\n7 Tear from the evil spirit, Jatavedas, what he hath seized and\nwith his spears hath captured.\nBlazing before him strike him down, 0 Agni let spotted\n;\ncarrion-eating kites devour him,\n8 Here tellthis forth, 0Agni\n:\nwhesoeveris,he himself, oracteth\nas, a demon,\nHim grasp, 0 thou MostYouthful, with thyfuel to the Man-\n:\nseer's eye give him as booty.\n9 With keen glance guard the sacrifice, 0 Agni : thou Sage,\nconduct it onward to the Vasus.\nLetnotthefiends, 0 Man-beholder, harm thee burning against\nthe Bakshaeas to slay them.\n2 Thedemons Y&tudh&nas,explainedby S4yanaas^R&kshasas. SeeVII.\n104. 15. Foolishgods' adorers: mttradev&n: according to S&yana, a special\nclassofevilspiritscalledMftradevasbecausetheymakedestructiontheirsport,\n5 Theeater offlesh: thewolf orothercarnivorousanimal.\n8 TheMan-seerhereiseitherAgnihimself orSftryathe Sun.\n9 Tothe Vasus , tothe Godstowhomthe oblationsaremade. S&yanaex-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1153,
            "content": "—\n: : : r\nHYMN $7.] THE RWVEHA. 511\n10 Look on the fiend mid men, as Man-beholder: rend thou his\nthree extremities in pieces.\nDemolish with thy flame his ribs, 0 Agni; the Y&tudhanafs\nroot destroy thou triply.\n11 Thrice, Agni, let thy noose surround the demon who with his\nfalsehood injures Holy Order.\nLoud roaring with thy flame, 0 JAtavedas, crush him and\ncast him down before the singer.\n12 Lend thou the worshipper that eye, 0 Agni, wherewith thou\nlookest on the hoof-armed demon.\nWith light celestial in Atharvan’s manner burn up the fool\nwho ruins truth with falsehood. A\n13 Agni, whatcurse thepair this day have uttered, what heated\nword the worshippers have spoken,\n—\nEach arrowy taunt sped from the angry spirit, pierce to the\nheart therewith the Y&tudh&nas.\n14 With fervent heat exterminate the demons; destroy the fiends\nwith burning flame, 0 Agni.\nDestroy with fire the foolish gods7 adorers blaze and destroy\n;\nthe insatiable monsters.\n15 May Gods destroy this day the evil-doer: may each hot curse\nofhis return and blast him.\nLet arrows pierce the liarin hisvitals, andVisva’s net enclose\nthe Yatudh&na.\n16 The fiend who smears himself with flesh ofcattle, with flesh\nof horses and ofhuman bodies, —\nWho steals the milch-cowTs milk away, O Agni, tear off the\nheads of such with fiery fury.\n17 The cow gives milk each year, 0 Man-regarder : letnot the\nYktudhana ever taste it.\nIfone would glut him with the biestings, Agui, pierce with\nthy flame his vitals as he meets thee.\nplainsvasubhyahhere byvasUndmartkdya: 4to(theacquisitionof)riches.*—\nWilson.\n10 His three extremities; his thre—e heads, according to S&yana. ‘Kopf\nund Schultern,* head and shoulders. G-rassmann, Root meaninghisfeet.\nTriply used vaguely, to correspond wit—h the three upper extremities.\n*Cutoff thetriplefontof the Yatudhana* Wilson.\n12 Hoof-armed: striking with the hoof. According to S&yana, ‘having\nnails likehoofs.* In Atharvanysmanner: likeAtharvan, the ancient prieBt\nwho is said tohavebeen the firstwho obtainedfire.\nRis1 h3\ni\nT prh ae yp sa ti hr a; tt evh ee rm ya hr ar si te yd wp oai rr d; thp ae tr mha ap ys ht ah ve es ba ecr ei nfi uc ter tea rn ed dbh yis pw ii of ue s. peT oph le\ne\nin theirangermaybe usedas aweapon towoundtheY&tudh&na.\n15 F/swa'snet thenooseof the all-pervadingAgni."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1154,
            "content": "512 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n18 Let the fiends drink the poison ofthe cattle; may Aditi cast\noffthe evil-doers.\nMay the God Savitar givethem up to ruin, and be their share\nof plants and herbs denied them.\n19 Agni, from days of old thou slayest demons: never shall\nRakshasas iu fight o’ercome thee.\nBurn up the foolishones, theflesh-devourers : let none ofthem\nescape thine heavenly arrow.\n20 Guard us, 0 Agni, from above and under, protect us from\nbehind us and before us\n;\nAnd may thy flames, most fierce and never wasting, glowing\nwith fervent heat, consume the sinner.\n21 From rear, from front, from under, from above us, 0 King,\nprotect us as a Sage with wisdom.\n2 Guard to old age thy friend, 0 Friend, Eternal : 0 Agni, as\nImmortal, guard us mortals.\n22 We set thee round us as afort, victorious Agni, thee a Sage,\nOf herolineage, dayby day, destroyerof our treacherous foes.\n23 Burn withthy poison turned against the treacherous brood of\nRakshasas,\n0Agni,withthysharpenedglow,with lancesarmedwithpoints\nof flame,\n24 BurnthouthepairedKimidins,burn,Agni,theY&tudhanapairs.\n1 sharpen thee, Infallible, with hymns. 0 Sage, be vigilant.\n25 Shootforth,0Agni,withthyflame :demolishthem oneveryside.\nBreak thou the Yatudhana’s strength, the vigour of the Rak-\ntillclS&l\nHYMN LXXXVIir. Agni.\nDear, ageless sacrificial drink is offered in light-discovering,\nheaven-pervading Agni.\nThe Gods spread forth through his Celestial Nature, that he\nmight bear the world up and sustain it.\nThe world was swallowed and concealed in darkness Agni\n:\nwas born, and light became apparent.\nThe Deities, the broad earth, and the heavens, and plants,\nand waters gloried in his friendship.\n18 The poison of the cattle: if they drink milk, let it poison them.\nAccordingtoSftyana,letthem drinkthepoison of the cattle (which is kept\ninthehouse), meaningperhaps some poisonous ointment used for external\napplicationonly.\n24 Kimtdim : treacherous andmalevolentspirits. SeeVII. 104. 2,note,\n1 Sacrificialdrinh: 1swellingoblation/ according to Prof. Pischel."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1155,
            "content": "* : : :\nHYMN 88.] THE RIGVEDA. 513\n3 Inspired by Gods who claim oar adoration, I now will laud\nEternal Lofty Agni,\nHim whohath spread abroadtheearthwithlustre, thisheaven,\nand both the worlds, and air’s mid-region.\n4 Earliest Priest whom all the Gods accepted, and chose him,\nand anointed him with butter,\nHe swifty made allthings thatfly, stand, travel, allthathath\nmotion, Agni Jatavedas.\n5 Because thou, Agni, Jatavedas, stoodest at the world’s head\nwith thy refulgent splendour,\nWe sent thee forth with hymns and songs and praises thou\n:\nfilledst heaven and earth, God meet for worship.\n6 Head of the world is Agni in the night-time then, as the\n;\nSun, at morn springs up and rises.\nThen to his task goes the prompt Priest foreknowing the\nwoudrous power ofGods who must be honoured.\n7 Lovely ishe who, kindled in his greatness, hath shone forth,\nseated in the heavens, refulgent.\nWith resonant hymns all Gods who guard our bodies have\noffered up oblation in this Agni,\n8 First the Gods brought the hymnal into being; then they\nengendered Agni, then oblation.\nHe was theirsacrifice that guards our bodies him the heav-\n;\nens know, the earth, the waters know him.\n0 He, Agni, whom the Gods have generated, in whom they\nofferedupall worlds and creatures,\nHe with his bright glow heatedearth and heaven, urging him-\nselfright onward in his grandeur.\n]0 Then by the 2aud the Gods engendered Agni in heaven, who\nfills both worlds through strength and vigour.\nThey made him to appear in threefold essence he ripens\n:\nplants ofevery form and nature.\n5 Wesent theeforth the Rishi glorifies the power of the priests who\nmadeAgnitheirmessengerto the Gods.\n6 Agni, whoistheMoonbynight, atdawn becomes SfiryaortheSun-God\nwho whenhesetsagain becomesAgni.\noff9 ereA dll bywo tr hl ed gs —oda snd wac sre da et su tr ie ns e; dtp oro pl re op dt ui cca ell ty he: um nie va en ri sen ,g —t Lh ua dt wit gh ,e o Ab cl ca ot ri do -n\ningto8Ayana: in whom allbeings haveoffered oblations ;* butitis clear\nthattheoblationsof the Gods areintended.\n—\n10 Throughstrengthand vigour: saktbhih *by his functions:' Wilson.\nIn threefoldessence orin threeconditions, or places, as the Sun,lightning,\nand terrestrial fire.\n33"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1156,
            "content": ": : : :\n514 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK 20\n11 What time the Gods, whose due is worship, sethim as Surya,\nSou ofAcliti, iu heaven,\nWhenthePair, ever wandering, sprang to being, allcreatures\nthat existed looked upon them.\n12 For all the world of life the Gods made Agni Vaisvanara to\nbe the days’ brightBanner,—\nHim who hath spread abroad the radiant Mornings, and, com-\ning with his light, unveils the darkness.\n13 The wise and holy Deities engendered Agni Vaisvanara whom\nage ne’er touches,\nThe Ancient Star that wanders on for ever, lofty and strong,\nLord of.<the Living Being.\n14 We call upon the Sage with holy verses, Agni Vaisvanarathe\never-beaming,\nWho hath surpassed both heaven and earth in greatness he\n:\nis a God below, a God above us.\n15 1 have heard mention oftwo several pathways, ways of the\nFathers and of Gods and mortals.\nOn these two paths each moving creature travels, each thing\nbetween theFather and the Mother.\n16 These twounited paths bear him who journeys born from the\nhead and pondered with the spirit.\nHe stands directed to all things existing, hasting, unresting\nin his fierysplendour.\n17 Which of us twain knows where they speak together, upper\nand lower of the two rite-leaders?\nOur frieuds have helped to gather ourassembly. They came\nto sacrifice; who will announce it\"?\n18 How many are the Fires and Suns in number ? What is the\nnumber ofthe Dawns and Waters ?\nNot jestingly I speak to you, 0 Fathers. Sages, I ask you\nthis for information.\n11 ThePair theSun and Moon. AccrdingtoS&yana, UsbasandShrya.\n13 Lord of theLiving Being: the meaning of yaJcshdsya is uncertain.\nSftyanaexplains—itbyptijyasyadevasya, of the adorab—le God. ‘Theobserver\nof whatisfirm.’—Ludwig. 4The lord of meteors,’ Grassmann. ‘Surveil-\nlantdu Yaksba,' Bergaigne.\n14 Beloio: onearth.\n15 Twoseveralpathways thewaytothe otherworldand theway backto\ntheearth. TheFatherandthe Mother heavenandearth.\n16 Himwhojourneys Agni. Fromthehead: oftheworld. FromAditya,\ntheheadorchief of allexistence, accordingto S&yana,\nthe17 upU ps ertw fa iri en: isA Vg &n yi ua an nd dt th he eI lli os wh ei, risUp tep re rr esa trn id allo Aw ge nr i.: ac Wc hor odi wn ig llto anS nS oy ua nn ca e,\nit?; Agni alonewill make thesacrificeknown to the Gods,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1157,
            "content": "— —\n: : : ; ; : :‘\nHYMN 89.] THE RIGVEDA. 515\n19 As great as is the fair-winged Morning’s presence to him who\ndwells beside us, Matavisvan\n!\nIs what the Br&hman does when he approaches to sacrifice\nand sits below the Hotar.\nHYMN LXXXIX. Indra.\nI will extol the most heroicIndra who with his might forced\nearth and sky asunder\nWho hath filled all with width as man’s Upholder, surpassing\nfloods and rivers in his greatness.\n2 Sdrya is he : throughout the wide expanses shall Indra turn\nhim, swift as car-wheels, hither,\n#\nLike a stream resting not but ever active he hath destroyed,\n:\nwith light, the black-lmed darkness.\n3 TohimIsingaholy prayer, incessant, new, matchless, common\nto the earth and heaven,\nWho marks, as they were backs, all living creatures ne’er\n;\ndoth he fail a friend, the noble Indra.\n4 I will send forth my songs in flow unceasing, like water from\nthe ocean's depth, to Indra\nWho to his car on both its sides securely hath fixed the earth\nand heaven as with an axle.\n5 Rousing with draughts, the Shaker, rushing onward, im-\npetuous, very strong, armed as with arrows\nIs Soma forest trees and all the bushes deceive not Indra\n;\nwith their offered likeness.\near1 t9 h.Mor H —n ii mng' w$ hp ores te yvn ec le ls t bh ee sidl eigh ut sof tD ha ewn Yaw jh ai mc &h nas ,pre oa rds ino sv te ir tuh te eave ofn a tn hd e\nsacrifice. Ludwig. Below the Hota—r below the regular Hotar-priesfc.\nS&yanaexplainsthisstanzadifferently : Aslong, M^tarisvan, astheswiftly-\nmoving(nights) cover the face of the dawn, (so long) the Brahman the\ninferior sittingdown (to perform —the work) of the Hotri, approaching, the\nsacrificesupports (the ceremony).’ Wilson.\n1 With width: with his own extended magnitude. ‘With radiance/\nWilson.\n2 Sltryaishe Indrais identified withthe Sun whose course hedirects.\nAccording to S&yana, stlryahhere=suvtryah, heroic.\n3 Incessant orunerring, thatis, in strict accordance with the rules of\nthe ritual. As theywere bade* as if they were horses or oxen, the length\nand Bhape ofwhose backsmustbe carefullyconsideredin formingajudgment\noftheir worth.\n5 Prof. Wilson observes: rThis verse isobscure, partlybecause thewords\nareunusual, partly because thereis aconfusion between Indra andSomaJ\nDeceive not Indra: he will notacceptanysubstitutes : he willhavenothing\nbut the genuine Soma-plant anditsjuice."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1158,
            "content": "— —\n: :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOKX\n51,6\n6 Soma hath flowed to him whom naught can equal, the earth,\nthe heavens, the firmament, the mountains,\nWhen heightened in his ire his indignation shatters the firm\nand breaks the strong in pieces.\n7 As an axe fells the tree so he slew Vritra, brake down the\nstrongholds and dug out the rivers.\nHe cleftthemountainlike anew-madepitcher. Indra brought\nforth the kinewith his Companions.\n8 Wise art thou, Punisher of guilt, 0 Indra. The sword lops\nlimbs, thou smitest clown the sinner,\nThemenwhoinjure,asit were a comrade, the lofty Law ofVa-\nruna and Mitra.\n9 Men who lead evil lives, who break agreements, and injure\nVamna, Aryaman, andMitra,\nAgainstthesefoes, 0MightyIndra, sharpen, as furious death,\nthyBull of fiery colour.\n10 Indra is Sovran Lord ofEarth and Heaven, Indra is Lord of\nwaters and ofmountains.\nIndrais Lord ofprosperers and sages : Indra must be invoked\ninrest and effort.\n11 Vaster than days and nights, Giver of increase, vaster than\nfirmament and flood ofocean,\nVaster than bounds of earth and wind’s extension, vaster\nthanrivers and our lands is Indra.\n12 Forward, as herald of refulgent Morning, let thine insatiate\narrow fly, 0 Indra,\nAndpierce, as ’twere a stonelaunchedforth fromLeaven, with\nhottest blaze the men who love deception.^\n13 Him, verily, themoons, themountainsfollowed, the talltrees\nfollowed and the plants and herbage.\nYearning with love both Worldsapproached, the Waters wait-\ned on Indra when he first had being.\n7 HisCompanions theMaruts,whoassistedhiminperforminghis exploit.\n8 Punisherofguilt: hereIndra issaidto discharge the duties which in\nmoreancienthymns'areascribedtoAgniandtoMitra and Varuna.\n9 Thy Bull: thy thunderbolt. ‘The heavy strong red weapon.’— M.\nMuller.\n10 Invest and effort: ‘fortheacquirementandpreservation of wealth.\nWilson.\n13 Themoons or,themonths. Waitedon Indra: as the representative\nof theSun,the originatorof alllife.—Ludwig."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1159,
            "content": "—\n: : ;\nHYMN 90.] TEE RIGVEDA. 517\n14 Where was the vengefuldart when thou, 0 Indra, clavest the\ndemon everbent on outrage?\nWhen fiends lay there upon theground extendedlikecattle in\nthe place of immolation?\n15 Those who are set in enmityagainst us, the Oganas, 0 Indra,\nwaxen mighty,\nLet blinding- darkness follow those our foemen, while these\nshall have bright shining nights to light them.\n16 May plentiful libations ofthe people, and singing Bishis’ holy\nprayers rejoice thee.\nHearing with lovethiscommon invocation, come unto us, pass\nby all those who praise thee.\n17 O Indra, thus maywe be made partakers of thy new favours\nthat shall bring us profit.\nSinging with love, may we the Visv&mitras win daylight even\nnow through thee, 0 Indra.\n18 Call weon Maghavan, auspicious Indra, best Hero in the fight\nwhere spoil is gathered,\nThe Stroug who listens, who gives aid in battles, who slays\ntheVritras, wins and gathers riches.\nHYMN XC. Purusha,\nA thousand heads hath Purusha, athousand eyes, athousand\nfeet.\nOneverysidepervadingearthhe fillsaspace ten fingerswide.\n2 This Purusha is all thatyet hath been and all that is to be ;\nThe Lord of Immortality which waxes greater still by food.\n14 Fiends; mitrahrUvah the exact meaning of the word is uncertain.\nProf. Ludwigtakesitas agenitive case: *What timetheylay there on the\nearth extendedlike^>xen in ademon’s placeof slaughter.’\n15 Oganas; probablythenameof somehostileclan. AccordingtoS£yana*\nenemies assembledin numbers. These usand ourfriendshere.\n16 Allthosewhopraisethee; allotherworshippers.\n18 Thisisthe concluding stanza of several hymns of the Visv&mitras.\nSeeIIL 30, 22 ; 31. 22 ; 32. 17 ; 34. II ; 35. II ,* 36. II.\n1 Purusha, embodied spirit, or Man personified and regardedasthesoul\nandoriginalsourceof the universe, the personalandlife-rrivmg V in\na el yl esa ,ni am na dte fed etb ,ei an sgs b, ei is ngsai od neto wh ia tv he aa llth co ru es aa tn ed d, lt ifh ea .t i As, spi- ai c. e.! teic n'v f. i' ngers*• wii dd es,\nthe regionof theheartof man, wherein the soul was supposed to reside.\nAlthough as the Universal Soulhe pervades theuniverse, astheIndividual\nSoul heisenclosed inaspace of narrow dimensions. See Hymns of the\nAtharm-veda, XIX.6. I, note.\n2 Thesecondlineis explainedinvariousways. Themeaningofthewords\nseemstobe\n:\nhe?islord of immortality ortheimmortal world of theGods,\nwhich grows greater by food, that is, by the sacrificial offerings of men."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1160,
            "content": "—\n: : :\n518 THE HYMNS OF [EOOK X.\n3 So mighty is his greatness\n;\nyea, greater than this isPurusba.\nAll creatures are one-fourth of him, three-fourths eternal life\nin heaven.\n4 With three-fourthsPurushawentrap : one-fourth of him again\nwashere.\nThence hestrode out toeverysideoverwhat eatsnotand what\neats.\n5 From himYiraj wasborn againPurusba from Viraj wasborn.\n;\nAs soon as he was born he spread eastward and westward o’er\nthe earth.\n6 When Gods prepared the sacrifice with Purusba as their\noffering,\nIts oil was spring, the holy gift was autumn summer was\n;\nthe wood.\n7 TheybalmedasvictimonthegrassPurusbabom inearliesttime.\nWith him the Deities and all S&dhyas and Bisbis sacrificed.\nAccordingto Sftyana: heisthe lordor distributer of immortality because\nbebecomesthevisibleworldinorderthatlivingbeingsmayobtainthefruits\nof theiractionsandgainmohshaorfinalliberation from their bonds, *he is\nalsothelord of immortality ; for he mounts beyond (his own condition)\nforthefood(of livingbeings).’—Wilson. Colebrooke translates the line\n*heisthatwhichgrowsbynourishment, andheisthedistributerof immor-\ntality.’ Dr.Muirrendersitby cHeisalsothelord of immortality, since\nbyfoodheexpands.’ Accordingtotheparaphraseinthe Bhdgavata-Purdna,\nthe meaning of the last clause is: ‘since he hath transcended mortal\nnutriment.’ Prof. Ludwig’s version is: 4auch fiber die unsterblichkeit\ngebietend,[daer ,]was durch speise[1st,] weit iiberragt,’ ruling also over\nimmortality, [sincehe]fartranscendswhat[exists] through food butin his\nCommentaryasomewhatdifferent explanation is given. 4Rulin;g overim-\nmortality,hewas allthatgrowsbyfood.’—Peterson.\n3 Eternallife: umritam: immortality,ortheimmortal Gods.\n4 Overwhateatsnotandwhateats overanimate andinanimatecreation.\nAccordingtoSdyana and Mahtdharn, over both classes of created things*\nthosecapableof enjoyment, thatis, whocan tastethe reward and punish-\nment of good’and evil actions, suchas Gods, men, andlower animals, and\nthosewhoareincapablethereof, suchas mountainsand rivers chetanam or\nconscious,aahetanam,orunconscious, creation. }\n& him/ °r>fromthat, the 4one-fourth’ mentionedin stanzas3 and\n4. Virdfor,inthenominativeform, Virdt, issaidtohavecome, in the form\nof the mundaneegg,from Adi-Purusha, the primeval Purusha, or presiding\nMaleorSpirit, 4who then entered into this egg, which heanimates asits\nvitalsoul ordivineprinciple.’ OrVirdj may 4bethe female counterpart of\nPurushaasAditiof DakshainX. 72. 4, 5.’ SeeDr. Muir’s exImuKsivc\nMoi il gvt eh ^i ds a,pa ps .sa 8g 7e ., 0 Ea, stwT ae rx dts a, ndV. w} ei sp, tw3 a6 r9 d, :37 or0 ,; ba en fd oreWa al nl dis, behC io ns dm .ology of the\ni.ngc toStys aac nr ai .fice S: umm md en ra :sa gm riy sa hj mn dam d, oea sm ne on tta ol cco ur ri inmag ai nn yar oy ths ea rcr Rif .ic Ye, .a hc yco mr nd .-\nSpring: vasantdoccursinonlyoneotherR. V. hymn.\n7 Onthegrass on thesacred^grass used in sacrifices. Sddhyas a class\nof celestialbeings, probablyancient divinesacrifices, -"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1161,
            "content": "V\n: : : ::\nHYMi 90.] THE MG VEDA. 519\n89 From that great general sacrifice the dripping fat wasgather-\ned up.\nHe formed the creaturesof theair, and animalsboth wildand\ntame,\nFrom that great general sacrifice Bichas and Sama-hymns\nwere born\nTherefrom were spells and charms produced the Yajus had\n;\nits birth from it.\n10 From it were horses born, from it all cattle with two rows of\nteeth\nFrom itwere generated kine, fromit thegoats andsheep were\nborn.\n11\nWhentheydividedPurushahowmanyportions*lidtheymake\n1\nWhat do they call his mouth, hisarms ? Whatdo they cafl his\nthighs and feet1\n12 TheBrahman washismouth, ofboth hisarms was theB&janya\nmade.\nHis thighs became the Vaisya, from his feet the Sudra was\nproduced.\n13 The Moon was gendered from his mind, and from his eye the\nSun had birth\n;\nIndra and Agui from his mouth were born, and Vayu from\n'\nhis breath.\n14 Forth from Ins navel came mid-air the sky wras fashioned\n;\nfrom his head\n;\nEarth from his feet, and from his eartheregions. Thusthey\nformed the worlds.\n8 Thedrippingfat ethe mixture of curds and butter.*--Wilson. He:\no tr u, rei st; ofth te hesa ac ir ri :fic 1e td hov si ect ai nm imP au lr sus oh va e, ro wr ht oh mes Va Ac yr ued pc rl ea sr ii df ei se ,d ’—but Wt ie lr s. on.Thecrea-\n9 Spells andcharms probably thoseof thelatercollectionof theAiliarva-\nveda. The Yajus: the Yajur-veda.\n, 12 Rijanya: the secondor Kshatriyaeaste, the regal and military class-\ntV ha eis ly aa bourt eh re .hu Ts Ub ean Bd rm &a hn m;ah ue iw sh co as le leb dus ti hn ees ms oi us ta hgr oi fcu Pl ut rur ue sha an ,d at srad he a. viS ni gldr ta he:\nspecialprivilege, as apriest, of addressiugthe Godsin prayer. The arms of\nPurusha becametheK&janya, the princeand soldier who wields the sword\nandspear. Histhighs, thestrongatparts of his body, became the agricul-\nturistandtradesman, thechiefsupportof society and hisfeet, the emblems\nof vigourandactivity, becametheBidraorlabour; ingmanon whose toil and\nindustryallultimately rests. Thisis theonlypassage inthe Rigveda which,\nenumeratesthefourcastes.\n14 Cf.thecreation mythoftheworld-giantYmirorHymirinoldNorthern\npoetry. Thehillsare his bones,—the vault of the sky his skull, thesea his\nblood, andth0 clouds his brains. ^Corpus Poeticum Borea\\e> Yol. II. p. 468."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1162,
            "content": ":: : ;\n520 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n15 Sev6n fencing-sticks had he, thrice seven layers of fuel were\nprepared,\nWhen the Gods, offering sacrifice, bound, as their victim,\nPurusha.\n16 Gods, sacrificing, sacrificed the victim : these were the earliest\nholy ordinances.\nTheMighty Ones attained the height of heaven, there where\nthe S<tdhyas, Gods ofold, are dwelling.\nHYMN XCL Agni.\nBrisk, at the place ofI1&, hymned by men who wake, our\nown familiar Friend is kindled in thehouse\nHotar of all oblation, worthy ofour choice, Lord, beaming,\ntrusty fri6nd to one who loveth him.\n2 He, excellent in glory, guest in every house, finds like aswift-\nwinged bird a home in every tree.\nBenevolent to men, hescorns noliving man : Friend to the\ntribes of men hedwells with every tribe.\n3 Most sage with insight, passing skilful with thy powei*s art\nthou, 0 Agni, wise with wisdom, knowing all.\nAs Vasu, thou alone art Lord of all good things, of all the\ntreasures thatthe heavens and earth produce.\ni Foreknowing well, 0 Agni, thou in Ila’s place hast occupied\nthy regularstation balmed with oil.\nMarked are thy comings like the comings ofthe Dawns, the\nrays ofhim who shineth spotless as the Sun.\n15 Pending-slicks guards,or piecesof wood laidround thesacrificial fire\ntoencloseit. anaexplainsparidhdyahasthesevenmetres,orassixshallow\ntrenchesdugroundthefire, andanimaginaryoneroundtheSun. Mahidhara\nsaysthattheseven oceansmay beintended.\nThis pantheistic hymn,whichisgenerally calledthePwrusbasfikta, isof\ncomparativelyrecentorigin, and appears tobean attempttoharmonize the\ntwoideas of sacrifice andcreation. Forfurtherinformationregardingit, see\ndSM eau rni sr Bk, ir gi0 -t rL ,S i. teT re ax tt us r, eI ,.p pp p. . 76 •57— 0< f1 ,1 7, a ‘a n ‘fn dd DrV %.. 1S 13 c6 —h8 e 2— 3r3 .m7 a7 n T, , hePP hr hio yf l. o ms noM pa hh ax i sscM ahu le sl oHle y br m e, en neAn n tc ri aae nun ss -t\nml oa lt oe gd i/b o; ft» heJ' Rig-\nveda pp.87,\n‘ 88;• andE bs ysa Py es t, erp sp o, n,18 H7, ym1 n6 s8,* frb oy mW ta hl el Ris i, gveC do as ,*\npp. 289, 290;also by, Burnouf,Bhdgavata Purdna, PrefacetoYol. L, and by\ntW oeb Ye olr ., II In .,di as nc dhe LS ut du wd ii ge 'n s, I TX r. anp s. la5. tionGr aa ns dstn Ca on mn m’s enTr ta an rs yla st hi oo un li dn bh eis cA op np sue ln td ei dx\n.\ntS he ie shal ys mo nH wy im tn hs tro af nst ph oe sitA it oh na srv aa n- dve vd aa r, iatX iI onX s.\n.\n6, which is a reproduction of\n1 Theplaceoflid theshrinewhereclarified butter is poured upon the\nfire. Ourownfamiliar Friend Agni, theFriendof thehouse.\n2 Swift-wingedbird: or,bird of prey. ‘Hunter,’accordingtoLudwig,\n3 Vasu * the wordmeaningalsoyoodand treasure, ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1163,
            "content": "—\n: : :\nHTMN 91.] THE RIGVEHA. 521\n5 Thy glories are, as lightnings from the rainy cloud, marked,\nmany-hued, like heralds of the Dawns’ approach,\nWhen, loosed to wander over plants and forest trees, thou\ncrammest by thyself thy foodinto thy mouth.\n6 Him, duly coming as their germ, have plants received this\n:\nAgni have maternal Waters brought to life.\nSo in like manner do the forest trees and plants hear him\nwithin them and produce himevermore.\n7 When, sped and urged by wind, thou spreadest thee abroad,\nswift piercingthrough thy food according to thy will,\nThy never-ceasing blazes, longing to consume, like men on\nchariots, Agni, strive on every side.\n^\n8 Agni, the Hotar-priest who fills the assembly full, Waker of\nknowledge, chief Controller of the thought,\nHim, yea, none other than thyself, doth man elect at sacri-\nficial offerings great and small alike.\n9 Here, Agni, the arrangers, those attached to thee, elect thee\nas their Priest in sacred gatherings,\nWhen men with strewn dipt grass and sacrificial gifts offer\nthee entertainment, piously inclined.\n10 Thine is the Herald’s task and Cleanser’s duly timed; Leader\nart thou, and Kindler for the pious man.\nThou art Director, thou the ministering Priest thou art the\n:\nBrahman, Lord and Master in our home.\n11 When mortal man presents to thee Immortal God, Agni, his\nfuel or his sacrificial gift,\nThen thou art his Adhvaryu, Hotar, messsenger, callest the\nGods and orderest the sacrifice.\n12 From usthese hymnsin concert havegone forth to him, these\nholy words, these Hichas, songs and eulogies,\nEager for wealth, to Jatavedas fain for wealth : when they\nhave waxen strong they please their Strengthener.\n(5 Agni is producedin theform of lightning by the waters of the firma-\nment, or theclouds, and descends withtherain into plants and trees, from\nthe wood of which heisbroughtforthbyattrition.\n8 Greatandsmall withSomaor withoutit.\n9 The arrangers priests whoorderandconductthesacrificialceremonies.\n10 Agni discharges the duties of the seven chief priests, officiating as\nHotar, Potar, Neshfcar,Agnidh, Pras&star, Adhvaryu, andBrahman. SeeII.\nI. 2, wherethisstanzaoriginally occurs. —\n11 OaUest the Gods: ‘sayesttheformula.’ Ludwig.\n12 Richas verses of praise."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1164,
            "content": "—\n:\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n13 This newest eulogy will I speak forth to him, the Ancient One\nwho loves it. May he hear our voice.\nMay it come near his heart and make it stir with love, as a\nfond well-dressed matron clings about her lord.\n14 He in whom horses, bulls, oxen, and barren cows, and rams,\nwhen dulyset apart, are offered up,\nTo Agni, Soma-sprinlded, drinker ofsweet juice, Disposer, with\n. my heart I bring a fair hymn forth.\n15 Into thy mouth is poured the offering, Agni, as Soma into\ncup, oil into ladle.\nVouchsafe us wealth, strength-winning, blest .with heroes,\nwealth lofty, praised by men, and full ofsplendour.\nHYMN XOIL\nVisvedevas.\nI pbaise your Charioteer of sacrifice, the Lord ofmen, Priest\nof the tribes, refulgent, Guest ofnight.\nBlazing amid dryplants, snatchingamidthegreen, the Strong,\nthe Holy Herald hath attained to heaven.\n2 Him, Agni, Gods and menhave madetheir chiefsupport, who\ndrinks the fatness and completes the sacrifice.\nWith kisses they caress the Grandson of the Red, like the\nswift ray of light, the Household Priest of Dawn.\n3 Yea, wediscriminate hisandtheniggard’s ways: hisbranches\nevermore are sent forth to consume.\nWhen his terrific flames have reached the Immortals’ world,\nthen men rememberand extol the Heavenly Folk.\n4 For thenthe netof Law, Dyaus, and the wide expanse, Earth,\nWorship, aud Devotion meet for highest praise,\nVaruna, Indra, Mifcra were of one accord,* and Savitar and\nBhaga, Lords of holy might.\n5 Onward, with ever-roaming Rudra, speed the floods : over Ara-\nmati the Mighty have they run.\nWith them Parijman, moving round his vast domain, loud\nbellowing, bedews all things that are within.\nbs eo2 mn gC oo f km itp nhl dee lt ebe drs i flt l ih i oe a nn is ta ac Y nr Ai of tyi huc ee . r: ’ .—or W, ilfi sl ols n.th Se pra us ns gem fb rl oy m,fu hl il s. owG nran rd edso gn loo wf ,th oe neRe fd ire:\n3 Menremember becausethentheirprayers aregranted.\n—W5 ilA sr om nmt ai S; WGthe aSea ^r et vh o. f- c*s oS n&y 0a rn Pa i. etyA *r Pm aai rt ii j, mao nf :th \"e thA eve cs it ra c, uma al ms bo im ee na tn (s IudE ra ar )t .’h\n6 TheAsura : Dyaus himself."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1165,
            "content": "—\n: ; ; :\nHYMN 91] THE RIOVEDA. 523\n6 Straightway the Rudras, Maruts visiting all men, Falcons of\nDyaus, hotne-dwellers with the Asura,\nYaruna, Mitra, Aryaman look on with these, and the swift-\nmoving Indra with swift-movingGods.\n7 With Indra have they found enjoyment, they who toil, in the\nlight’s beauty, in the very Strong One’s strength\nThe singers who in men’s assembliesforged forhim, ; according\nto his due, his friend the thunderbolt.\n8 Even the Sun’s Bay Coursers hath he held incheck each one\n;\nfears Indra as the mightiest of all.\nUnhindered, fromthe air’s vault thunders day byday theloud\ntriumphant breathing of the fearful Bull. 9\n9 With humble adoration show this day your song of praise to\nmighty Rudra, Ruler of the brave\n:\nWith whom, the Eager Ones, going their ordered course, he\ncomes from heaven Self-bright, auspicious, strong to guard,\n10 For these have spread abroad the fame of human kind, the\nBull Brihaspati and Soma’s brotherhood.\nAtharvan first by sacrifices made men sure : through skill the\nBhrigus were esteemed ofall as Gods.\n11 For these, the Earth and Heaven with their abundant Beed,\nfour-bodied ISTarasansa, Yama, Aditi,\nGod Tvashtar Wealth-bestower, the Ribhukshanas, Rodasi\nMaruts, Yishnu, claim and merit praise.\n12 And mayhetoogiveear, the Sage, fromfar away, the Dragon\nofthe Deep, to this our yearning call.\nYe Sun and Moon who dwell in heaven andmove inturn, and\nwith your thought, 0 Earth and Sky, observe this well.\n13 Dear to all Gods, may Pushan guard the ways we go, the\nWaters’ Child and Yayu help us to success.\nSing lauds for your great bliss to Wind, the breath ofall ye\nAsvins prompt to hear, hear this upou your way. :\n7 Worshippersare rewarded in heaven for the hymns and prayers with\nwhich they havestrengthened aud armed Indraforhisgreat deeds.\n9 Withwhom : theMaruts.\n10 Soma's brotherhood ail Gods who are entitled to drink Soma juice.\nMademensure gavethemassurance of obtaining whatthey asked.\n11 Four-bodiedNardsansa ; Agniprovidedwith four fires, or complete in\nallhisparts. Ribhukshanas Ribhus. Rodasi : consortoftheMaruts.\n12 The Dragonof theDeep Ahibudhnya, regent oftheseaofair.\n13 The Waters' Child : Agni, bornaslightning from theclouds."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1166,
            "content": "—\n: : :: :\nTEE HYMNS OF {BOOK X\n524\n14 With hymns of praise we sing him who is throned as Lord\nover these fearless tribes, the Self-resplendent One.\nWe praiseNight’syouthfulLordbenevolenttomen, thefoeless\nOne, the free, with all celestial Dames.\n15 Byreason of his birth here Angiras first sang : the pressing-\nstones upraised beheld the sacrifice\nThestonesthrough whichtheSagebecameexceedingvast, and\nthe sharp axe obtains in fight the beauteous place.\nHYMN\nXCIII. Yisvedevaa.\nMighty are ye, and far-extended, Heaven and Earth : both\nWorlds are evermore to us like two young Dames.\nGuard us thereby from stronger foe guard us hereby to give\n;\nus strength.\n2 In each succeeding sacrifice that mortal honoureth the Gods,\nHe who,most widelyknownandfamed forhappiness, inviteth\nthem.\n3 Ye whoareEulersoverall, greatisyoursovranpower as Gods.\nYe all possess all majesty : all must be served in sacrifice.\n4 These are thejoyousKings of Immortality, Parijman, Mitra,\nAryaman, and Yaruna.\nWhat else is Rudra, praised of men 1 the Maruts, Bhaga,\nPushana?\n5 Come also to our dwelling, Lords of ample wealth, common\npartakers ofourwaters, Sunand Moon,\nWhen the great Dragon of the Deep hath settled down upon\ntheir floors.\n6 And let the Asvins, Lords of splendour, set us free,— both\nGods, and, with their Laws, Mitra and Vanina.\nThroughwoes,asoverdesertlands,hespeedsIfoampleopulence.\n14 The Self-resplendent One: Agni, Night's youthful Lord: the Moon.\nCelestialDames thelunarasterisms.\n15 TheSage: Indra, according to S&yana, Sharpaxe: the thunderbolt.\nThemeaningof thisstanzaisobscure.\n1 Thereby hereby: literally ‘bythose’ ‘bythese.’ S&yanasupplies\npdlanaik, protections,inbothcases. TheformermayrefertotheMaghavans,\nand thelattertothepeopleingeneral. ' ?\n4 Immortality or,theimmortalworld. Parijman Roamerround V&yu.\nWhatelse thatis, RudraisalsooneoftheseKings. Ptishana ;aleng; thened\nformof the usualPushan.\n5 Watei's: libationsof Soma juice. S&yana explains ndktam by r&trau\n*bynight.’ It is, as Prof, Ludwig has pointed out, a shortened form of\nmn ea nh ts ah lta (m c% loc uc do sm )/e —ye W. i’ lsoU np .on Tt hhe eir mefl ao no irs ng: is*i on bst ch ue ri er\n.\ncompany in the firma-\n6 He thesacrificerwhomtheseGodsprotect."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1167,
            "content": ": : : : :\nHYMN 93.] THE RIGVEDA. 525\n7 Yea, let the Asvins Twain be gracious unto us, even Rudras,\nand all Gods, Rhaga, Rathaspati\n;\nParijman, Ribhu, Vaja, 0 Lords of all wealth Ribhukshanas.\n8 Prompt isRibhukshan, prompt the worshipper’sstrong drink\n:\nmay thy fleet Bay Steeds, thine who speedest on, approach.\nNot man’s but God’s is sacrifice whose psalm is unassailable.\n9 0 God Savitar, harmedbynone, lauded, give us aplaceamong\nwealthyprinces.\nWithhisCar-steeds at once hath our Indra guided the reins\nand the car of these men.\n10 To these men present here, 0 Heaven and Earth, to us grant\nlofty fame extending over all mankind. »\nGive us a steed to win us strength, a steed with wealth for\nvictory.\n— —\n11 This speaker, Indra for thou art our Friend whereverhe\nmay be, guard thou, Victor for help, ever for help\nThy wisdom, Vasu prosper hi1 m. :\n!\n12 So have they strengthened this mine hymn which seems to\ntake itsbright pathto the Sun, and reconciles themen\n:\nThusforms a carpenter theyoke ofhorses, notto bedisplaced.\n13 Whose chariot-seat hath come again laden with wealth and\nbright with gold,\nLightly, with piercing ends, as ’twere two ranks of heroes\nranged forfight.\n14 This to Duhsima Prithavana have I sung, to Vena, Rama, to\nthe nobles, and the King.\nThey yoked five hundred, and their love of us was famed\nupon their way.\n15 Besides, they showed us seven-and-seventy horses here.\nTanva at once displayed his gift, Parthya at once displayed\nhi?} gift, and straightway Mayava showed his.\n7 Rathaspati theguardianofwar-chariots. Cf. X. 64. 10. Ribhukshanas:\nRibhus. —\n’8 Ribhukshan: 1the mighty(Indra)/ Wilson.\n9 Withhis Gar-steeds: withuspriests, who drawthechariotof s—acrifice.\n12 So have they strengthened: ‘May (the priests) strengthen/ Wilson.\nTheyoke astheyokekeeps apair of horses togetherso thehymn addressed\ntothe Gods reconciles worshippers and fills them with like feelings of\ndevotion.\n13 Piei'oing ends of the axle, whichpass throughthenaves.\n14 Duhsima Prithavdna Vena, and Rdma were Maghavans or wealthy\ninstitutorsof sacrifices. To, theKing : dsure to the Asura, lord or chief.\nRivehundred horses orchariots.\n15 Horses: thereisnosubstantive in the text. Sayana supplies gavdm\nt"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1168,
            "content": ": ,\n526 THE HYMNS OB {BOOK X.\nHYMN XCIV. Press-stones.\nLet these speak loudly forth ; let us speak out aloud ; to the\nloud speaking Pressing-stones address the speech ;\nWhen, rich with Somajuice, Stones of the mountain, ye,\nunited, swift to Indra bring the sound of praise.\n2 They speak out like a hundred, like a thousand men : they\ncry aloud to us with their green-tinted mouths,\nWhile, pious Stones, they ply their task with piety, and, even\nbefore the Hotar, taste the offered food.\n3 Loudly they speak, for they have found the savoury meath :\nthey make a humming sound over the meatprepared.\nAs they 'devour the branch of the Red-coloured Tree, these,\nthe well-pastured Bulls, have uttered bellowings.\n4 They cry aloud, with strong exhilarating drink, calling on\nIndra now, for they have found the meath.\nBold, with the sisters they have danced, embraced by them,\nmaking the earth reecho with their ringing sound.\n5 The Eagles have sent forth their cry aloft in heaven in the\n;\nsky’s vault the dark impetuous ones have danced.\nThen downward to the nether stone’s fixt place they sink,\nand, splendid as the Sun, effuse their copious stream.\n6 Like strong ones drawing, they have put forth all their\nstrength theBulls,harnessedtogether,bearthe chariot-poles.\n;\nWhen they have bellowed, panting, swallowing their food,\nthe sound of their loud snorting is like that of steeds.\n7 To these who have ten workers and a tenfold girth, to these\nwho have ten yoke-straps and tenbinding thongs,\nTo these who bear ten reins, the eternal, ging ye praise, to\nthese who bear ten car-poles, ten whenthey are yoked.\ncows. ThesehorseB,orcows,werepresentedtothepriests. Tdnva,Pdrthya\nand ftfdyavaarepatronymicswhichdonotoccuragain in the Rigveda.\nLudwig thinksthataquarrel hadarisenbetween theMagh&Vansor nobles\n(stanza 14)and theVisasorpeople (stanza9), andthatthepriests, who had\nreconciled thetwo parties, werepresentedwith thechariotswhich had been\npreparedforbattle. Seestanza 13, in which,according tothis explanation,\n7idshould berenderedby 1andnot’ insteadof 4as ‘fcwere.’ Thehymn,which\nisdifficultand inpartsalmostunintelligible, isplacedby Grassmann in his\nAppendix.\nHotar : ‘(Agni)theinvoker(of thegods)/—Wilson. OrthehumanHotar-\npriestmay beintended.\n3 Bed-coloured Tree/ the Soma-plant. Well-pastured ,* the meaning of\nsiibkarvdisobscure. SeeHillebrandt, V.M., I. 18.\n4 Thesisters thefingers.\n5 TheEagles: therapidlymovingcelestialpress-stones.\n7 Tenworkers: the fingers of bothhands."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1169,
            "content": "::\nHYMN 95.] THE RIGVEDA. 527\n8 These Stones with ten conductors, rrcpid in their course, with\nlovely revolution travel round and round.\nThey have been first to drink the flowing Soma juice, first to\nenjoy the milky fluid of the stalk.\n9 These Soma-eaters kiss Indra’s Bay-coloured Steeds draining\n:\nthe stalk they sit upon the ox’s hide.\nIndra, when hehathdrunkSoma-meath drawnbythem, waxes\nin strength, is famed, is mighty as a Bull.\n10 St hro an vg\ne\ni rs efy ro eu sr hmes nta tl ,k\ny;\neye a, reve er vil ey r, san te iv sfe ir ed.shall be harmed\n:\nye\nFair are ye, as it were, through splendour of his wealth, his\nin whose sacrifice, 0 Stones, ye find delight.\n11 Bored deep, but not pierced through with holes, are ye, 0\nStones, not looseued, never weary, and exempt from death,\nEternal, undiseased, moving in sundry ways, unthirsting, full\nof fatness, void of all desire.\n12 Your fathers, verily,stand firmfrom age to age they, loving\n:\nrest, are not dissevered from their seat.\nUntouched by time, ne’er lacking green plants and green\ntrees, they with their voice have caused the heavens and\nearth to hear.\n13 This, this the Stones proclaim, what time they are disjoined,\nand whenwithringingsounds theymoveanddrinkthebalm.\nLike tillers of the ground when they are sowing seed, they\nmix the Soma, nor, devouring, minish it.\n14 They have raisedhigh their voicefor juice, forsacrifice, strik-\ning the Mother Earth as though they danced thereon.\nSo loose thou too his thought who hath efifnsed the sap, and\nlet the Stones which we are honouring be disjoined.\nHYMN XCV. Urvuat. Pur&ravas.\nHo there, my consort Stay, thou fierce-souled lady, and let\n!\nus reason for a while together.\nSuch thoughts as these of ours, while yet unspoken in days\ngone by have never brought us comfort.\n9 The ox'shide spread underneath to catch andhold thedroppings.\n12 Yourfathers the mountainsfromwhichyoucame.\n14 Strikingthe MotherEarth: ‘Earth* is not i—nthe text ‘they madea\nnoiselike (children) at play,strikiugtheirmother/ Wilson, Ihavefollowed\nProf. Ludwig’s explanation.\nThe hymn is a dialogue between Pururavas and Urvas!, and they are\nseverallytheBishis of thestanzas which they speak. The dialogue, which\nissometimes almost unintelligible, contains the germs of a legend which is\nrelated in the Sutapatha-Drdhmana reappears in the Mahdbhdrata and\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1170,
            "content": "—\n528 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n2 What am I now to do with this thy saying% I have gone\nfrom thee like the first of Mornings.\nPurdravas, return thou to thy dwelling : I, like the wind, am\ndifficult to capture.\n3 Like a shaft sent for glory from the quiver, or swift steed\nwinning cattle, winning hundreds,\nThe lightning seemed to flash, as cowards planned it. The\nminstrels bleated like a lamb in trouble.\n- 4 Giving her husband’s father life and riches, from the near\ndwelling, when herlover craved her,\nShe sought the home wherein she foundher pleasure,accept-\ning day and nightherlord’s embraces.\n- 5 Thrice iif the day didst thou embrace thy consort, though\ncoldly she received thy fond caresses.\nTo thydesires, Purdravas, I yielded ; so wast thou king, 0\nhero,\nofmybody.\n6 The maids Sujm'ni, Sreni, Sumne-api, Charanyu, Granthint,\nand Hradechakshus,\nThese like red kine havehastenedforth, the bright ones, and\nlike milch-cows have lowed inemulation.\nP H Neu yrr moA pn *a hms, d ofan htd ehe af vo eNr nym ,ma hpt ahh s.e bp el eAo nct c bo o af r ndt iih sne hg ew de tol tl o- thk ein aso rw tln heged wnr hda e,m ra e, Ur svV hai el se ir , ca om a no n sr ev nAa tps ssi, a tro oar s lT ih o ve r\ne\nwithKingPurdravasonconditionthathetakes care of her two pet rams,\nandthatsheneverseeshimunclothed. She lives with Purdravas for four\nyears,whentheGandharvasorheavenlyminstrels resolve tobringherback.\nTheystealoneof theramsbynight. Purdravasspringsfrom his bed the\nGandharvas send on him a flash of magic lightning, and Urvast sees; her\nhusbandnaked. Oneof theconditions of the continuance of theirunion is\nbroken,andthenymphinstantlyvanishes. Purdravas meets herafterwards\nandinvainimploreshertoreturn. Atlastshe relents^ and in due timea\nsonisborntothem. Thesearethe main outlines of asomewhat variously\ntoldstory.\n1 Purdravas speaks, when he has met Urvasi again after her sudden\ndeparture.\n2 Urvasireplies.\n3 Purdravas speaks, reminding her of the circumstances in which she\nvanished. *Yea/ hesays, ‘thouwentestfrommewiththespeedof anarrow\noraracer. ThecowardlyGandharvasdeluded us. Theybleatedlikealamb\nto makeusthinkthatoneof thypetswasinpain ordanger, and then,by a\nflashof factitiouslightning,mademevisibletotheeinmynakedness/\n4 Life and riches: meaning, perhaps, as Prof. Ludwig suggests, the\nsf pu et nu tre mg ur ca hnd os fon h. ertT ih me e.nea Hr erdw le ol vel rin ;g h: erhe hr usf ba ath ne dr- Pi un r- dl ra aw' vs as,bouse, whereshe\nThisstanzaandthenextarespokenbyUrvsi.\n6 ThisstanzaisascribedbyS&yanatoPurdravas, whomentionsthenames\noftheApsaraseswhowerethe companions of Urvasi after herflight. They\narecomparedto redkine, meaning, perhaps, bright flashes of lightningfol-\nlowedbythelowingorbellowingofthethunder."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1171,
            "content": ": ; :\nHYMN 95.] THE R1GYEDA . §29\n7 While he was born the Dames sate down together, the Bivers\nwith free kindness gave him nurture;\nAnd then, Pururavas, the Gods increased thee for mighty\nbattle, to destroy the Dasyus.\n8 When I, a mortal, wooed to mine embraces these heavenly\nnymphs who laid aside their raiment,\nLike a scared snake they fled from me in terror, like chariot\nhorses when the car has touched them.\n9 When, loving these Immortal Ones, the mortal hath converse\nwith the nymphs as they allow him.\nLike swans they show the beauty of their bodies, like horses\nin their play they bite and nibble. *\n10 She who flashed brilliant as the falling lightning brought me\ndelicious presents from the waters.\nNow from the flood be born a strung young hero ! May Urvasi\nprolong her life for ever !\n11 Thy birth hath made me drink from earthly miloh-kine : this\npower, Pururavas, hast thou vouchsafed me.\nI knew, and, warned thee, on that day. Thou wouldst not\nhear me. What sayest thou, when naught avails thee?\n12 When will the son be horn and seek his father? Mourner-like,\nwill he weep when first he knows him?\nWho shall divide the accordant wife and husband, while fire\nis shining with thy consort’s parents?\n7 Urvasispeaks,remindingPurCiravasofthefavourshownhimathisbirth,\nby thecelestial Dames who werepresent, theRiverswho nursed him, and\nthe Godswhogave himstrength. Anotherexplanation is thatin thefirst\nhalf ofthe stanzaIVvastspeaks, byanticipation, ofthe son whomshewill\nbeartoPururavas.\n8 PurCiravascomplainsoftheshynessofthenymphsmentionedinstanza6,\nwithwhosesociety hehadsoughtto consolehimself. A mortal meaningthat\nifhehadbeenaGodthen? behaviourwould have been different. Raiment :\ndtham: explained bySayanaassvaktyumrUpam,their own proper form.\n9 Urvasi replies. TimApsarases,shesays, asaruleonlycoquetwithmor-\ntalmen. Astheyallowhim : krdtubhirnd; —see Geldner, F. JS., I. 276. Like\nswans Sayanaexpl —ainsna heredifferently; Hhey(becoming) ducks donot\nshowtheirbodies.’ Wilson.\n10 Pururavasspeaks. Urvasi,hesays, did nottreat himsocoldly, from\nthewaters; of thefirmament. Fromtheflood: fromUrvasi w—ho comesfrom\nthewatery regionsabove. S&yanaexpl—ains apdfy differently: ‘a son ablein\nactandfriendly to man has been bom.’ -Wilson.\n11 Urvasispeaks. Accordingto Sayana, whom Wilson, Gra—ssmann, and\nGeldnerfollow, thetranslationof the first half-linewouldbe: ‘Thou hast\nbeen bomtogive theearthprotection.’ Warnedtheeon thatday tokjthee,\nwhen I agreedtolive with thee whatwouldhappenif theconditions of the\nagreementwerenotstrictly observed. —\n12 Pururavasspeaks. Knowshim; ‘on recognizing (me).’ Wflaon, Or,\n34"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1172,
            "content": ": : ,\nm\ntbm hymns of [book x.\n13 X will console him when his tears are falling: he shall not\nweep and cry forcare that blesses.\nThat whichis thine, between ns, will I send thee. Go home\nagain, thou fool thou hast not won me.\n;\n14 Thy lover shallflee forth this day for ever, to seek, without\nreturn, the farthestdistance.\nThen let his bed be in Destruction’s bosom, and there let\nfiercerapacious wolves devour him.\n15 Nay,donotdie, Pururavas, norvanish : letnottheevil-omened\nwolves devour thee.\nWith women there can be no lasting friendship : hearts of\nhyenas-are the hearts of women.\n16. When amid men in altered shape I sojourned, and through\nfour autumns spent the nights among them,\nI tasted once a day a drop of butter ; and even nowwith that\nam I contented.\n17 1, her best love, call Urvasi to meet me, her who fillsairand\nmeasures outthe region.\nLetthe gift,brought bypiety approach thee. Turnthou to\nmeagain\n:\nmy heartis troubled.\nIS Thus speak these Gods to thee, 0 son of Ha : As death hath\nverily gotthee forhis subject,\nThy sons shall servethe Gods with their oblation, and thou,\n,\nmoreover, shalt rejoice in Svarga.\nwhen heknowsmystory,knowshowhisfatherhasbeendeserted. Whilefire\ninshining solongasthefather-in-lawandmother-in-lawwhosanctionedthe\nonion liveandmaintaintheirhouseholdfire.\nmo1 n3 tU rr eav sa us ri e.answers. Thatwhichistld%e rbetween u&: our child, our com-\n14 Pururavasthreatenstodestroyhimself.\n15 Urvasispeaksthisandthenextstanza'.\nId A dropofbuttei': oneof theconditions on which the continuance of\ntheiruniondependedwasthatsheshouldeatnothing but a small quantity\nof ghritdorclarifiedbutterdaily. Seestanza11,\n17 Pururavasspeaks. Herbestlove: vamhthah hereisevidently, as the\nScholiastsays, anepithetandnotaname, meaning £most excellent,’ emoat\nprecious/ Fillsair representing the morning mist, or the first flush of\nlight,thatspreadsovertheheavensbeforetherisingof thesun.\n18 Thereisanhiatusbetweenthisstanzaand17,an entire break of con-\ntibnuity. Thefragmentis ascribed to Urvasi, who consoles Purfir&vae by\ntellinghimof thepromiseof thedeitiesthatafterhisdeath his sons shall\noffersacrificetotheGods, andhehimself shallbe blest in heaven. Son of\nJld: Purfiravas,called Ailaorsonof Ilawho wasthedaughterof Manu.\nSomeof thestanzas shouldbetransposed,andtheirorder shouldbe, l, 2,\n3,4, 5. 15, 6,7,8,9, 11, 12, 13, 14 15, 10.—Ludwig.\nOf thisverydifficulthymnthere is a complete translation, with a very\nfullandgenerallyconvincing commentary(toboth,of which I am indebted"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1173,
            "content": ": ; 1\n0\nfffYMiV 95.] RMVMDA . 53\nHYMN\nXCVI. Indra.\nIn the great synod will I laud thy two Bay Steeds : I prize\nthe sweet strong drink of thee the Warrior-God,\nHis who pours lovely oil as ’twere with yellpw drops. Let\nmy songs enter thee whose form hath golden tints,\n2 Ye who in concert sing unto the gold-hued place, like Bay\nSteeds driving onward to the heavenly seat,\nFor Indra laud ye strength allied with Tawny Steeds, laud\nhim whom cows content as ’twere with yello\\^drops.\n3 His is that thunderbolt, of iron, golden-hued, gold-coloured,\nvery dear, and yellow in his arms •\n;\nBright with strong teeth, destroying with its tawny rage. In\nIndra are set fast all forms of golden hue.\n4 As ifalovelyraywerelaid uponthesky, the golden thunder-\n’ bolt spread out as in a race.\nThat iron bolt with yellowjawsmote Ahidown. A thousand\nflames had he who bore the tawny-hued.\n5 Thou, thou, when praised by men who sacrificed of old/hadst\npleasure in their lands, 0 Indra golden-haired.\nAll that befits thy song of praise thou welcomest,/the perfect\npleasant gift, 0 Golden-hued from birth.\n6 These two dear Bays bring hither Indra on bfs car, Thunder-\narmed, joyous, meet for laud, to drink hidfill.\nMany libations flow for him who loveth .them : to Indra have\nthe gold-hued Somajuices run. y\n—\nformuchassistance), byProf. Qeldner, Vedischc Siudun, I. pp. 243 295.\nThemythliasbeen discussedbyvon Both, Illustration#ofthe JVi^rukta, and\nI 1 b0n y9d fi P.s r)c oh f;e eb syS st oP ru r sd oi fe , Hs oA ldI t, a zl mb1 e a9 r n6 t n; Kb u ay h nn dP ,ro OMf l. e deM na M bx r eraM gbii hl iul nner f m, t orO d ex ef so rr eE cd m ee nE r ts ss , da ay p ys p s. .{C 8h P5i rp f os f f, ; esaI snV od.\nr\nMaxMiillerconsiders the storytobe 4oneof the mythsof the Vedaswhich\n-expresses thecorrelation of thedawn andthe sun/ According toDr. Gold-\nsfcticker,\nUrvastisthemorningmistwhichvanishesawayas.soonasPurfiravas\ntheSundisplays himself. See Chambers's Encyclopedia, 1st edition , under\nPurueav&s.\nThroughout the hymn the poet rings the changes on words saidtobe\nderivativesof theroothri, totake,asharyatd, delightsome, foary&n, loving,\nhdri, bay or tawny, h&rit, green, yellow, or gold-coloured Cp. HI. 44.\nThese words are conjectumlly explained by the Commentator, and are\nsusceptibleof variousrenderings.\n1 Oil; orfatness, fertilizingrain. , '\n2 Cows: milkedfor sacrificialpurposes.\n*\n3 Tawny rage perhaps withreferencetotheeffectof anger onthe.face.—\nLudwig.\n|\n4 Thetawnyhued thethunderboltwieldedbyIndra.\n|"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1174,
            "content": ": ' :\n532 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n7 The gold-hued drops have flowed to gratify his wish the\n:\nyellow drops have urged the swift Bays to the Strong.\nHe who speeds on with Bay Steeds even as he listshath satis-\nfiedhislonging for the golden drops.\n8 At the swift draught the Soma-drinker waxed in might, the\nIron One with yellow beard and yellovr hair.\nHe, Lord of Tawny Coursers, Lord of fleet-foot Alares, will\nbear his Bay Steeds safely over all distress.\n9 His yello^colouredjaws, like ladles, move apart, what time,.\nfor strength, he makes the yellow-tinted stir,\nWhen, \"/bile the bowl stands there, he grooms his Tawny\nSteeds, when he hath drank strong drink, the sweet juice\nthat heloves.\n10 Yea, to the Dear One’s seat in homes of heaven and earththe\nBay Steeds’ Lord hathwhinnied like a horse for food.\nThen the great wish hath seized upon him mightily, and the\nBeloved One hath gained high power of life.\n11 Thou, comprehending with thy might the earth and heaven,\nacceptest the dear hymn for ever new and new.\n0 Asura, disclose thou and make visible the Cow’s beloved\nhome to the brightgolden Sun.\n.12 0 Indra,lettheeagerwishesof the folk bringthee, delightful,\ngclden-visored, on thy car,\nThat, pleased with sacrifice wherein ten fingers toil, thou\nmayest, at the feast, drink of our offered meath.\n13 Juices aforetime, Lord of Bays, thou drankest; and thine\nespecially is this libation.\nGladden thee, Indra, with themeath-rieh Soma pouritdown\never, Mighty One ! within thee. :\ny Strong toIndra ; thattheymaybeharnessedand come to the\nsacrifice.\n8 TheIron One: 'iron-heartedIndra.’—Wilson.\nHe. l19 o0 vF iMo dr e Os nt F er e :e an rg It nh O d: n raef ,mo mr e wu hs ?s ' ot tr se eb An e cg vc it t toh h are e ln dS vi i ion n gg m g oaf ut,o o ro fd S i. o sSu y in a nT d n ch rae e,b ay o sIe t enU h ddo rn i b- n a yt h hi i Sen m ot a s me v ed ae l -n f dh r- ii asas un my d gee hael tnal sr to .t .w h,ja Ttw hh. ee.\nuunnjmlrsewhichIndrawill&Ilow? Siie ryC ao tW oir ln la uy mib ne e,theSunwhose homeisthe\n»ed12 anS aacr pi rf ei pc ae r; edac bc yor td hi eng fit no geS ri sya ofna t, heth pe ris ea sc tr .ificial Somajuice whichisPpres-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1175,
            "content": "————\n—\n: : : :\nMYMN 97.] THE RIGVEDA. 533\nHYMN\nXCVII. PraiseofHerbs.\nHerbs that sprang up in time of old, three ages earlier than\nthe Gods,\nOf these, whose hue is brown, will I declare the hundred\npowers and seven*\n2 Ye, Mothers, have a hundred homes, yea, and a thousand are\nyour growths.\nDo ye who have a thousand powers free this my patient from\ndisease.\n3 Begladand joyful in the Plants, both blossomingandbearing\nfruit,\nPlants that will lead us to success like mares who conquer in\nthe race*\n4 Plants, by this name I speak to you, Mothers, to you the\nGoddesses\nSteed, cow, and garment may I win, win back thyvery self,\nO man.\n5 TheHolyFigtreeisyourhome,yourmansionistheParnatree\nWinners of cattle shall ye be ifye regain for me this man.\nfi He who hath store of Herbs athand likeKings amid a crowd\nof men,\n10\nPhysician is that sage’s name, fiend-slayer, chaser of disease.\n7 HerbsrichinSoma,richin steeds,in nourishment, in strength-\nening power,\nAllthesehaveIprovidedhere,thatthismanmaybewholeagain.\n8 The healing virtues of the Plante stream forth like cattle\nfrom the stall,\nPlants that sh&ll win me store of wealth, and Bave thy vital\nbreath, 0 man.\n9 Believer is your mother’s name, and hence Bestorers are ye\ncalled.\nBivers are ye with wingsthatfly\n:\nkeep far whatever brings\ndisease.\nOverall fenceshavetheypassed, assteals a thief into the fold.\nThe Plants have driven from the frame whatever malady was\nthere.\n1 ThreeagesearlierthantheGods: ‘forthegodB beforethethree ages,’\nWilson. SeeSatapathaErdkmanatVII, 2. 4. 26 (& 1B.E, } XLI. p.’33$).\n4 Steed ear,and garment asmyfeeforcuringyou.\n5 Holy, Fig-tree: theAsvattha, orFicusBeligiosa. Parna tree thePal&sa,\nButeaFrondosa. Sacrificial vessels are made of the wood of these trees\nwhicharethereforesaidtobethehomeofplantsusedinreligiousceremonies."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1176,
            "content": "—\n: : :: : : ;\n534 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X,\n11 When,bringingback thevanishedstrength, Ihold theseherbs\nwithin my hand,\nThe spirit of disease departs ere he can seize upon the life.\n12 He through whose frame, 0 Plants, ye creep member by '\nmember, joint by joint,\nFromhimyedriveawaydiseaselikesomestrongarbiterofstrife.\n13 Fly,Spiritof Disease,begone, withthe bluejav and kingfisher.\nFly with the wind’s impetuous speed, vanish together with\nthe storm.\n11 Help every one theother, lendassistance each of youto each,\nAllofyoubeaccordant,givefurtherancetothisspeech ofmine.\n15 Let fruitful Plants, andfruitless, those that blossom, and the\nblossomless,\nUrgedonwardbyBrihaspati,releaseusfromourpainandgrief\n16 Release me fromthe curse’s plague and woe that comes from\nVaruna;\nFreemefromYama’sfetter,fromsinandoffenceagainsttheGods.\n17 What time, descending fromthe sky, the Plants flew earth-\nward, thus they spake\nNo evil shallbefalltheman whom whileheliveth wepervade.\nIS Of allthe manyPlants whoseKing is Soma, Plants of hundred\nforms,\nThou artthe Plant most excellent, prompt to the wish, sweet\nto the heart.\n19 0 all ye various Herbs whose King is Soma, that o’erspread\nthe earth,\nUrgedonwardbyBrihaspati,combineyourvirtueinthisPlant.\n20 Unharmed be he who digs you up, unharmed the man for\nwhom Idig\nAnd let no malady attack biped or quadruped ofours.\n21 All Plants that hearthis speech, and those thathave depart-\ned far away,\nCome all assembled and conferyour healing power upon this\nHerb.\nthe12 miL di sk te os fom he isst hor so tn .g ’—arb Wi it le sr ono .fstrife *likeamighty (prince\n)\nstationed in\n13 Withthe bluejay andkingfisher.* withthe speedofthe swiftestbirds.\nTogetherwiththestorm accordingtoS&yana, (perishalongwiththeiguana.9\n15 Urgedonward Brihaspati,saysS&yana,is thedeitywhopresides over\nmantrasorspellsandcharts.\n19 ThisPlant themedicinal herb whichI, the physician, am about to\nmakeuseof."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1177,
            "content": ": ; : : :\nMYMN 98,] THE MOVE DA. 585\n22 With Soma as their Sovran Lord the Plants hold colloquy\nand say\n:\n0 King, we save from death the man whose cure a Brkhman\nundertakes.\n23 Mostexcellentofallartthou,0Plant\n:\nthy vassalsarethetrees.\nLet him be subject to our power, the man who seeks to in-\njureus.\nHYMN XCVIII. The Gods.\nComes, be thouMitra, Varuna, or Pushan, come, 0 Brihaspati,\nto mine oblation\nWith Maruts, Vasus, or Adityas, make thou Parjatiya pour\nfor Santana his rain-drops.\n2 The God, intelligent, the speedy envoy whom thou hast sent\nhath come to me, Devapi\nAddress thyself to me and turn thee hither within thy lips\n:\nwill I put brilliant language.\n3 Within my mouth, Brihaspati, deposit speech lucid, vigorous,\nand free from weakness,\nThereby to win for Sautanu the rain-fall. The meath-ricfo\ndrop from heaven hath passed within it.\n4 Let the svveet drops descend on us, 0 Indra give-us enough\n:\nto lade a thousand wagons.\nSit to thy Hotar task pay worship duly, and serve the Gods,\n;\nDevapi, withoblation.\n5 Knowing the Gods’ good-will, Devapi, Bishi, the son of Kish-\ntishena, sate as Hotar.\nHe hath brought down from heaven’s most lofty summit the\nocean of the rain, celestial waters.\n'ThisStiktaisremarkableasrepresentingoneof twobrothers, both of the\nK ins gha pt rr ii esy ta ,c oa fste t, hebe otc ho em rin wg ht oh ie sP tu hr eo lh li &t jda\n.,\n’—or Wf ia lm si ol ny .priest,andHotriorsacrific-\n1 Dev&pi addresses Brihaspati, who is identifiable with Mitra, Yarana,\nPushan andothers, in hisspecial characterof Purohita, or family Priest, of\nthe Gods, and as the prototype of all human Purohita,s. With Maruts:\nwhetherthoubeattendedby Maruts, Vasus,or,A^ dityas. ForSantana the\nbrotherof Dev&pi.\n—\n2 Brihaspatireplies. Brilliantlanguage a ‘brillianthymn/ Muir.\n3 Dev&pi speaks, prayingBrihaspati,as Lord of Speech (cp. X. 71. 1.)? to\ninspirehim with eloquence thathemayaddress the Gods effectually. The\nmeuths-richdrop: thesweeteloquenceforwhichhe hasprayed.\n4 Thesweetdrops of rmn. ThisstanzaisspokenbySantana.\n. ,\n5 Knowing: howto win."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1178,
            "content": ": :::\nTHE HYMNS OH [BOOKX.\n536\n6 Gathered together inthat highest ocean, the waters stood, by\ndeities obstructed.\nThey hurried down set free by Arshtishena, in gaping clefts,\nurged onward by Devapi.\n7 When as chief priest for Santanu, Devapi, chosen for Hotar7a\nduty, prayed beseeching,\nGraciously pleased Brihaspati vouchsafed him a voice that\nreached the Gods and wonthe waters.\n8 0 Agni whom Dev&pi Arshtishena, the mortal man, hath\nn\nkindled in his glory,\nJoying in him with all the Gods together, urge on the sender\nofthe f&in, Parjanya.\n$ All ancient Rbshis with their songs approached thee, even\nthee, 0 Much-invoked, at sacrifices.\nWe have provided wagon-loads in thousands : come to the\nsolemn rite, Lord of Red Horses,\n10 The wagon-loads, the nine-and-ninety thousand, these have\nbeen offered up to thee, 0 Agni.\nHero, with theseincrease thy many bodies, and, stimulated,\nsend us rain from heaven.\n11 Give thou these ninety'thousand loads, O Agni, to Indra, to\nthe Bull, to be his portion.\nKnowing the paths which Deities duly travel, set mid the\nGods in heaven Aul&na also.\n12 0 A uni, drive afarourfoes, our troubles ; chase malady away\nand wicked demons.\nFrom thisair-ocean, from thelofty heavens,'send down on us\na mighty flood of waters. '\nf> Arshtishena patronymic,sonof Rishtehefla ; Dev&pi.\n7 Chiefpriest orfamily orhouseholdpriest\n;\nPurohita.\n9 Wagon-loads an extraordinaryquantityof fuelforthe sacrifice,as the\noccasion wasoneof thegreatestimportance.\n13 Auldna Santanu, asadescendantoftTla, appearstobemeant. Accord-\ningtosomescholars, anldnam means oblation or sacrificial offering. ‘The\nfactof Devapibeingreputed as theauthorofthishymn,and as thepurohita\nandhotriof hisbrotherseemstoLave led the legendary writers to invent\nthestory of his becoming a Brahman, which (as mentioned by Professor\nWeber, IndisckeStudies,i. p. 203) is recorded in the 6alya-parvan of the\nMahftbharatu,verses2281 ff3 whereheissaid tohaveattainedthisdistinction\natacertainplaceof pilgrimage calledPrithudaka\n;\nw —here Sindhudvipa and,\nVisvamitraalsowerereceivedintothehigher caste/ Muir, 0. S, Texts I.\n270£f. Forthelegendonwhichthehymnis said to be based, quoted,by\nS&yanafromtheNirukta seeWilson’sTranslation.\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1179,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN $9.] THE HIGVEDA . 537\nHYMN\nXCIX. Indra.\nWhat Splendid One, Loud-voiced, Far-striding, dostthou, well\nknowing, urge us to exalt with praises'?\nWhat give we him 1 When his might dawned, he fashioned\nthe Yritra-slaying holt, and sent us waters.\n2 He goes to end his work with lightning flashes : wideis the\nseat his Asura glory gives him.\nWith his Companions, not without his Brother, he quells this\nSaptntha's magic devices.\n3 On most auspicious path he goes to battle he toiled to win\n;\nheaven’s light, full fain to gain it;\nHe seized the hundred-gated castle’s treasure })y craft, un-\nchecked, and slew the lustful demons.\nA Fighting for kitie, the prize of war, and roaming among the\nherd he brings the young streams hither,\nWhere, footless, joined, without a car to bear them, with jara\nfor steeds, they pour their flood like butter.\n5 Bold, unsolicited forwealth, with liudrashe came, the Blame-\nless, having left his dwelling,\nCame, seized the food ofVamra and his consort, and left the\ncouple weeping and unsheltered.\n6 Lord ofthe dwelling, he subdued the demon who roared aloud,\nsix-eyed and triple-headed.\nTrita, made stronger by the might he lent him, struck down\nthe boar with shaft whose point was iron.\n7 Heraisedhimselfon highandshothisarrowagainsttheguileful\nand oppressive foeraan.\nStrong, glomus, manliest, for ns he shattered the forts of\nNahus when he slew the Dasyus.\n1 The questioninthefirstline isarhetorical figure, the meaning beirrk,\nHowsplendidishe (Indra) whom thou (the Yujam&ua ?) urgest,,uato exalt I\nWhatgivewehim£ whatcan wegive him in return for what he has done\nforus?\n2 His Companions: theMaruts. His Brother: Vishnu. WhoSaptathawas\nisuncertain. Theword means Septimus, the seventh, and probably some\nR&kshasaordemon isintended.\n3 Thelustfuldemons theexactmeaning of sisnadevdnis uncertain. See\nVII. 21. 5 andnote.\n5 I can makenothingintelligible of the secondline. *Ithinkof the two\n(parents)of Vamra, whoarefreefromfe—ver. Havingobtained (theenemy’s)\nfood, he calledaloud whilst stealing it/ Wilson. Vamrais mentioned in X.\n51.9; 112.15.\n6 Lord of the dwelling or, with Ludwig, The Lord and Giver. Thu\ndemon: orB&saVisvarfipa, sonof Tvashtar. See X. 8. 8. Theboar Yritiv\nCL I.,61.7. \"\n,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1180,
            "content": ":; : :\n533 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n8 He, like a cloud that rains upon the pasture, hath found for\nus the way to dwell in safety.\nWhen the Hawk comes in body to the Soma, armed with his\niron claws he slays the Dasyus.\n9 He withhis potent Friends gave up the mighty, gave Sushna\nup to Kutsa for affliction.\nHe led the lauded Kavi, hedelivered Atka asprey to him and\nto his heroes.\n10 He, with his Gods who love mankind, the Wondrous, giving\nlike Vanina who works with magic,\nWas known, yet young, as guardian ofthe seasons; and he\nquelledAraru, four-footed demon.\n11 Through lauds of him hath Ausija Biji^van burst, with the\nMighty’s aid, the stall ofPipru.\nWhen thesaint pressedthe juiceand shoneassinger, he seized\nthe forts and with his craft subdued them.\n12 So, swiftlyAsura,forexaltation, haththegreat Yamrakacome\nnigh to Indra.\nHewill,whensupplicated,bringhimblessing\n:\nhehathbrought\nall, food, strength, a happy dwelling.\nHYMN G. Visvedevas.\nBe, like thyself, 0 Indra, strong for our delight : here lauded,\naid us, Magbavan, drinker of the juice.\nSavitar with the Gods protect us : hear ye Twain. We ask for\nfreedom and completefelicity.\nS TheHawk thefierceandswiftIndra.\n9 Kavi: accordingtoSayana, Usan$ Kftvya or son o? Kavi is intended.\nAtka seeX. 49, 3. *\n10 HisGods: theMaruts. Araru: Ifollow S4yana.* Cf. Satajpatha-Brdh-\nmana, I. 2 4. 17(S.B. E. XII.57) Acc—ordingtoProf. Ludwig’s conjectural\nexplanation the translation would be: ‘he measured out theyearin four\ndivisions.*\n11 Ausija; sonof Usij. Butasthispatronymicdoesnotproperly belong\ntoRijisvan, thewordheremay perhaps mean, cvehement,’ ‘eagerly desirous.’\nFipru oneof thedemons of drought.\n12 Asura: 0 divine and mighty Indra. For exaltation: of Indra.\nYamraka alengthenedformof Vamra, the Rishi of the hymn. The last\nclauseof thestanzais borrowedfromX. 20. 10*.\nProT fh .is Grh ay sm sn m, anw nhi ic nh hi is so Ab ps pc eu nr de ia xn .di Dn r,so Mm ue irpl ha ace ss tu rn ai nn ste ll al ti eg dibl se t, ani zs ap sla 1c —ed 7b iy\nu\n0. S. Texts,IV, pp, 408, 409(2ndedition).\nt„ ra1 nslY ae tesTw da ifi fn e: rentI ln ydr :a *Wa end imS pa lv oit ra er. AditF ire fe ordo hm e: alta hdi at nim d. weaP lr to hf ..\n’\nM. Muller"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1181,
            "content": ": ;\nEYMN 100.] TEE R1GVEDA . 53$\n2 Bring swift,for offering, the share that suits the time to the\nr\npure-drinker Y&yu, roaring as he goes,\nTo him who hath approached the draught of shining milk.\nWe askfor freedom and complete felicity.\n3 May Savitar the God send us fulllife, to each who sacrifices,\nlives aright and pours the juice;\nThat we with simple hearts may waitupon the Gods. We ask\nfor freedom and complete felicity.\n4 May Indra evermore he gracious unto us, andmayKing Soma\nmeditate our happiness,\nEven as men secure the comfort ofafriend. We ask forfree-\ndom and complete felicity. .\n5 Indra hath given thebodywith its song andstrength : Brihas-\npati, thou art the lengthener of life.\nThe sacrifice is Manu, Providence, our Sire. We ask for\nfreedom and complete felicity.\n6 Indra possesseth might celestial nobly formed : the singer in\nthe house is Agni, prudent Sage.\nHe is the sacrificeinsynod, fair, most near. We ask forfree-\ndom and complete felicity.\n1 70 Not often have we sinned against you secretly, nor, Yasus,\nhave we openly provoked the Gods.\nNot one of us, ye Gods, hath worn an alien shape. We ask\nfor freedom and complete felicity.\n8 May Savitar remove from us our malady, and may the Moun-\ntains keep it far away from where\nWe\nThe press-stone as it sheds the meath rings loudly forth.\nask for freedom and complete felicity.\n9 Ye Yasus, c let the stone, the presser, stand erect: avert all\nenmities and keep them far remote.\nWe\nOur guard to be adoredis Savitar this God. ask for free-\ndom and complete felicity.\nEat strength and fatness in thepasture, kine, who arebalmed\nat the reservoir and at the seat of Law.\nSo let yourbody be ourbody’s medicine. We askforfreedom\nand complete felicity.\n2 Pure-drinker drinkerofpureSomajuice.\n5 ThesacrificeisManu weoweourexistenceand’preservationtosacrifice,\nwhichistous anotherManu, thefatherof Aryan men. —\n* 6 Thesacrificeinsynod: fworthyof sacrificeatthealtar.’ Wilson.\n7 Analienshape: assorcerersareaccustomed todo.\npla1 i0 nsPa kl 6sm eed byat got sh he theres ‘e ir nvo tir he: a con wo si tn at le l.d ’b Le ef tor ye oub rei bn og dym :il mke ad y. thS eAy mia ln ka ,te hx e-\nproduceof your bodiesf , offered inlibation, keep our bodiesin health. Or"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1182,
            "content": ": :\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n11 The singerfillsthespirit: allmens’ lovehathhe. Indra takes\nkindty care of those who pour the juice.\nFor his libation is the heavenly udder full. We ask for free-\ndom and complete felicity.\n12 Wondrous thyspirit-filling light, triumphant; thy hosts save\nfrom decay and are resistless.\nThe pious votary by straightest pathway speeds to possess\nthe best of all the cattle.\nHYMN CL\nVisvedevas.\nWake with one mind, my friends, and kindle Agni, ye who\nare manyand who dwell together.\nAgni and Lxadhikdts and Dawn the Goddess, you, Gods with\nIndra, I call down to help us.\n2 Make pleasant hymns, spin out your songs and praises : build\nye aship equipped with oars lor transport.\nPrepare the implements, make all things ready, and let the\nsacrifice, my friends, goforward.\n3 Lay on the yokes, and fasten well the traces : formed is the\nfurrow, sow the seed within it.\nThrough song may we find hearingfraught withplenty ; near\nto the ripened grain approach the sickle.\n4 Wise, through desire of bliss from Gods, the skilful bind\nthe traces fast,\nAnd lay the yokes on either^ide.\n-\n5 Arrange the buckets in their place : securely fasten on the\nstraps.\nWe will pourforth the well that hath a copious stream, fair-\nflowing well thatneverfails.\ng.\n*maythebodyofthecowofferedinsacrificebe theexpiation forthebody of\ntheaaerificer, enabli—ng him to attainswarga. Ormay themilk bethe cor-\nFectiveoftheSoma/ Wilson.\n11 Theheavenlyudder • thecloudsof thefirmament.\n12 Save from decay: thisisProf. Ludwig’s interpretation of the obscure\nword jaranipi'Sth, which means, accordingto S&yana, replenishingt—hewealth\nofthyworshippers. Thelastlineisexplaineddifferently by S&yana. (there-\nfore)—Iluvasyu hastensiufrontof thevictimcow, (leading it) witha‘ straight\ncord/ Wils—on. Acc—ordingto thesameauthority themeaning of the refrain\nofstanzas1 11is: ‘Welongfortheuniversal Aditi/\n1 Dadhikrds probably a personification of the MorningSun. SeeIII.\n20. 21 Sh; iI pV. s3 a8 c. ri2 fic; e4 ,0. re5 prn eo ste e.\nnted underthisfigure.\n3 Inthis andthe following stanzas sacrifice is figuratively spoken of as\np Bl .o Eu .gh Xin Lg I, .s 3o 2w 0i )n .g and reaping. See S *atapatha-Erdlmana , VII. 2. 2. 4. (S,\n$ TheflowingSomais aninexhaustiblewell."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1183,
            "content": ":: : : : : :\nHYMN 101.] TEE BIGVEDA. 541\n6 I pour the waterfrom the wellwith pailsprepared and goodly\nstraps,\nUnfailing, full, with plenteous stream.\n7 Refreshthe horses, winthe prize before you: equip a chariot\nfraught with happy fortune.\nPour forth the well with stone wheel, wooden buckets, the\ndrink of heroes, with the trough for armour.\n8 Prepare the cow-stall, for there drink your heroes : stitch ye\nthe coats of armour, wide and many.\nMake iron forts, secure from all assailants : let not your pit-\ncher leak : stay it securely.\n9 Hither, for help, I turn theholy heavenly mhad of you the\nHoly Gods, that longs for sacrifice.\nMay it pour milk for us, even as a stately cow who, having\nsought the pasture, yields a thousand streams.\n10 Pour golden juice within the wooden vessel : with stone-made\naxes fashion ye and form it.\nEmbrace and compass it with tenfold girdle, and to both\nchariot-poles attach the car-horse.\n11 Between both poles the car-horse goes pressed closely, as in.\nhis dwelling moves the doubly-wedded.\nLay in the wood the Sovran of the Forest, and sink the well\nalthough ye do not dig it.\n12 Indra is he, 0 men, who gives us happiness : sport, urge the\ngiver of delight to win us strength.\nBring quickly down, 0 priests, hither to give us aid, to drink\nthe Soma, Indra Son ofNishtigri.\n©\nof7 SoT mh aes ja uc ir ci ef .ice Si ts oa nec wh ha eri eo lt ; wa in tld it ah le lur si it ou nal tois tha era pc re e. ss-sT th oe new se .ll: thestream\n8 Thecow-stall figuratively, for the place where the Soma is preBsed,\nCoats of armour: the filters for straining the juice. Iron forts: the\nsafeguardsobtained bysacrificing.\n9 Milk: abundantblessing. »\n10Stone-made withallusiontothe'press-stones. Tenfoldgirdle thefingers\nof both hands. Both chariot-poles: the arms. The car-korse: the upper\npress-stone orthepestle.\n;\n11 Thedoubly-wedded themanwhohas two wives. The comparison is\nnotdear. The Sovranof theForesti the Soma plant. Sinkthewell *store\nup thejuice/—Wilson.\n12 X follow S&yana in his interpretation of the first line. YonBoth.\nLudwig,and Grassmannexplainitdifferently. Nishtigri meaningaccording\nto$&yana, ‘she whoswallows upherrivalwifeNishti,i. e. Biti,’issaidtobe\nAditi, the motherof Indra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1184,
            "content": ":: ; : : : : :\nM2 THEHYMNS OF [BOOM X,\nHYMN\nCII. Indr*.\nFor thee may Indra boldly speed the-car thatworks oneither\nside.\nFavour us, Much-invoked ! inthis most glorious fight against\nthe raiders of our wealth.\n2 Loose in the wind the woman’s robe was streaming what time\nshe won a ear-load worth a thousand.\nThe charioteerinfightwasMudgalam : she, Indra’s dart, heap-\ned up the prize of battle.\n3 0 Indra, cast thy bolt among assailants who would slaughter\nus\n:\nThe weapon^oth of D&sa and of Arya foe keep far away, 0\nMaghavan.\n4 The bull in joyhad drunk a lake of water. His shattering\nhorn encountered an opponent.\nSwiftly, in vigorous strength, eagerfor glory, he stretched his\nforefeet, faintowin andtriumph.\n5 They came anear the bull theymade himthunder, madehim\n;\npour rain down ere the fight was ended.\nAnd Mudgala thereby won in the contest well-pastured kine\nin hundreds and in thousands.\n6 In hope of victory that bull was harnessed : Kesi the driver\nurged him on with shouting.\nAsheranswiftlywith thecarbehindhim hisliftedheels press-\ned close on Mudgalani.\nThedeifiedsubjectofthehymnissaidtohe,alternatively,Drughana(Mace,\nCluborHammer. Seestanza9). TheRishiisMudgala, ?\nAccording to the legendquoted byS&yana, allMudgala’s cattle had been\nstolenexceptanoldox-whichlieharnessed tohiswagon andwentin pursuit\noftherobbers. Hethrewhisclubormacebeforehim,whichshowedhimthe\nway tothethieves,andthusrecoveredhisproperty.\n1 Forthee 0 Mudgala. Thatworksoneither'side; mithdkHtam accord-\ningto$&ya,nz=asahdyum, *thathas nocompanion.’ Themeaningis uncer-\ntain.\n,\n2 MudgaUnt Mudgala’swife. Indra'sdart sped swiftlyonherwayby\nIndra.\n3 Thisstanzaseemstobeaninterpolation.\n4 Thelull apparentlyoneofthebuffaloeswhichdrewthechariotofMud-\ngalftnfschiefopponent, Haddrunk ju&tbefore the fightbegan. Encoun-\nteredan opponent meaning, perhaps, that feeling uneasyhe hunghis head\nandstruckthegroundwithhishorns. *Hecleftthemountainpeak, hewent\nagainsttheenemy.’—Wilson.\nS&yQ anI an ,ho ‘p fe oro tf hevi dc et so tr ry u: ctk ia ok nd or fda tv he eent eh me y.m ’ean Li un dg wi is gu tn hc ie nr kt sai tn ha; tac tc ho er fd ai rn tg het ro\n,endofthechariot-poleisintended."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1185,
            "content": ": ; : . :\nHYMH 102.] THE RIGVEDA. 54$\n7 Deftly for him he stretched the car-pole forward, guided the\nbull thereto aud firmly yoked him.\nIndra vouchsafed the lord of cows his favour with mighty\n:\nsteps the buffalo ran onward.\n8 Touched by the goad the shaggy beast went nobly, bound to\nthe pole by the yoke’s thong of leather.\nPerformingdeeds ofmightfor manypeople, he, looking onthe\ncows, gained strength and vigour.\n9 Here look upon this mace, this bull’s companion, now lying\nmidway on the field of battle.\nTherewith hath Mndgala in ordered contest won for cattle for\nhimself, a hundred thousaud. *>\n10 Far is the evil: who hath fiere beheld it? Hither they bring\nthebull whom'they are yoking.\nTo this they give not either food or water. Beaching beyond\nthe pole it gives directions,\n11 Like one forsaken, she hath found a husband, and teemed as\nif her breast were full and flowing.\nWith swiftly-racing chariot may we conquer, and rich anil\nblessed be our gainsin battle.\n12 Thou, Indra, art the mark whereon the eyes of all life rest,\nwhen thou,\nA Bull who drivest with thy bull, wilt win the race together\nwith thy weakling friend.\n7 Mudgala’sbetterfortuneis nowrelated. Forhim : for hisown buffalo.\nHe : Mudgala, Oar-pole: Ifollow Ludwig’s conjecture- butit is uncertain\nwk&fcpartofthechariotbh&pradhiwas *theperipheryofthewheel—/accord-\ningtothe St. Petersburg Lexicon *t; he frame of the waggon.’ Wilson.\nS&yana’sexplanationisnotveryclea; r,butheseemsto thinkthatthelinchpin\nisintended. Noneofthesethreeexplanationsseemssuitablehere. The lord\nof com : thebullbuffalo.\n9 Mace : drughanam according to Sftyana, the club which Mudgala had\ncarriedwithhimonhisexpedition,andwhich,togetherwiththeox thatflrew\nhiscarhadenabledhimto recoverhiscattle. Lyingmidway aft—erthe vic-\ntory,theKinghadthrown,downhismace-upon thefieldof battle. Ludwig.\n10 Ifindthisstanza unintelligible. Perhaps thesecond line contains the\ngerm of thatpartof thelegendwhichmentions theclub thrown in front of\nthechariottopoiut outthe waythatthe robbershadtaken.\nmvr ai1 dk1 etdL ai m[k eae nwo din sfe e ff olo rir gs hha etk rlye sn te e: s rtp ie la ier ti m yv er bdi ykt i dd n rv i:\nvingt\nher\n: h* u* s.• b‘1 ! ar > ndM t ’hu sedg f ca a hl v ao& ru in r oi i tt tew oas w bi af ta e t] lp ea w ar h ni o d-\nbriuginghimbackvictorious, withthebooty which she—had helped him to\ngaininsteadof thechildrenthatshe hadnotbornehim.’ Ludwig.\n12 Withthybull thyfierceand strong thunderbolt. With thy weakling\nfriend withthemortalman whomthou protectest, and who is weak and\neffeminateincomparisonwiththee.\nThehymn isfragmentary, anditseemsi^mpossible toi_nterpretitfullyand"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1186,
            "content": "—\n:\nTHE HYMNSOF BOOK X\n544 ' [j\nHYMN\nCIII. Indra,\nSwift, rapidly striking, like a bull who sharpens his horns,\nterrific, stirring up the people,\nWith eyes that close not, bellowing, SoleHero, Indrasubdued\natonce a hundred armies.\n2 With him loud-roaring. ever watchful, Victor, bold, hard to\noverthrow, Rouser ofbattle,\nIndra the Strong, whose band bears arrows, conquer, ye\nwarriors, now, now vanquish in the combat.\n3 He rules with those who carry shafts and quivers, Indra who\nwith his band brings hoststogether.\nFoe-conquering, strong ofarm, theSoma-drinker, with mighty\nbow, shooting with well-laid arrows.\n4 Brihaspati, fly with thy chariot hither, slayer of demons,\ndriving offourfoemen.\nBe thou protectorof our cars, destroyer, victor in battle,\nbreaker-up of armies.\n5 Conspicuous bythy strength, firm, foremost fighter, mighty\nandfierce, victorious, ail-subduing,\nThe Son of Conquest, passing men and heroes, kine-winuer,\nmountthy conquering car, 0 Indra.\n, 6 Cleaver ofstalls, kine-winner, armedwith thunder', who quells\nan army and withmight destroys it,\nFollow him, brothers quit yourselves like heroes, and like\n1\nthis Indra show your zeal and courage.\n7 Piercing the cow-stalls with surpassing vigour, Indra, the\npitiless Hero, wild with anger,\n—\nVictorinfight, unshaken and resistless, may he protect our\narmies in ourbattles.\n8 Tpdra guide these Brihaspati precede them, the guerdon,\n:\nand the sacrifice, and Soma\n;\nAnd letthe banded Martits march in forefront of heavenly\nhosts that conquer and demolish.\nBatiafactorily. Ihave followed in some stanzas the interpretations of the\na au nt dho er xs hao uf stV ie vd eis dc ih se cuS sb su id oi nen b, yI. Pp rp o. f.X2 G4 ela dn nd er13 i8 n. PaB ru tt Is Ie .e pt ph .e 1l —at 2e 2r ,tr aa nn dsl Pa rt oi fo .n\nLudwig’sremarksthereonin Ueberdieneuesten Arbeitenauf dem Gebieteder\nRgveda-forschung, .\nThehymn isaprayerforaidand victoryinbattle.\n8 Guide these betheleaderof ourtroops. Theguerdon: ddhshind; the\nrewardof thepriestswhoperformthesacrificeofferedbefore\nbattle."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1187,
            "content": ":: :\n9\nHYMN 104.] THE MOVED A. 545\nOurs be the potent host of mighty Indra, King Varuna, and\nMaruts, and Adityas,\nUplifted is the shout of Gods who conquer high-minded Gods\nwho cause the worlds to tremble,\n10 Bristle thou up, 0 Maghavan, our weapons : excite the spirits\nof my warring heroes.\nUrge on the strong steeds’ might, O Vritra-slayer, and let the\ndin of conquering cars go upward.\n11 May Indra aid us when our flags are gathered victorious be\n:\nthe arrows of our army.\nMay our brave men of war prevail in battle. Ye Gods, protect\nus in the shout of onset.\n12 Bewildering the senses of our foemen, seize thou their bodies\nand depart, 0 Apva,\nAttack them, set their hearts on fire and burn them : so let\nour foes abide in utter darkness.\n13 Advance, 0 heroes, win the day. May Indra be your sure\ndefence.\nExceeding mighty be your arms, that none may wound or in-\njure you.\nHYMN\nCIV. Indra.\nSoma hath flowed for t.hoe, Invoked of many ! Speed to our\nsacrifice with both thy Coursers. v\nTo thee have streamed the songs of mightysingers, imploring.\nIndra, drink of our libation.\n2 Drink of the juice which men have washed in waters, and fill\nthee full, 0 Lord of Tawny Horses.\n0 Indra, hearer of the laud, with Soma which stones have\nmixed for thee enhance thy raptui'e.\n3 To make thee start, a strong true draught I offer to thee, the\nBull, 0 thou whom Bay Steeds carry.\nHere take delight, 0 Indra, in our voices while thou ait\nhymned with power and all our spirit.\n4 0 Mighty Indra, through thine aid, thy prowess, obtaining\nlife, zealous, and skilled in Order,\n11 When ourflagsarc—gathered: iapparently comparable with the signis\ncollatisof the Romans.’ Ludwig.\n12 Apvd according to S&yana, a female deity who presides over sin\naccordingtoMahldhara, sickness, orfear. Apparently Apv& was a sort of;\ncolic, or dysentery, likely to attacksoldiersinthefield. Anddepart or,pass\nus by donotattack us.\n3 Tr;ue which produces theresults expectedin the shape of favour.\n35"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1188,
            "content": "—\nm THEHYMNS OF [BOOK X\nMen in the house who share the sacred banquet stand singing\npraise that brings them store of children.\n5 Through thy directions, Lord of Tawny Coursers, thine who\nartfirm, splendid, and blest, the people\nObtainmost liberal aid for their salvation, and praise thee',\nludra, through thine excellencies..\n6 Lord of the Bays, come with thy two Bay Horses, eome to\nourprayers, to drink the juice of Soma.\nTo thee comes sacrifice which thou accepteat : thou, skilled\nin holy rites, art he who giveth.\n7 Him of athousand powers, subduing Icemen, Maghavan prais-\ned with hymns and pleased with Soma,\nEven him our songsapproach, resistless India : the adorations\nof the singer laud him.\n8 The way tobliss for Gods and man thou foundest, Indra,\nsevenlovely floods, divine, untroubled,\nWherewith thou, rending forts, didst move the ocean, and\nnine-andminety flowing streams of water.\n$ Thoufrom the curse didst free the mighty Waters, and as\ntheir only God didst watch and guard them.\nG ludra, cherish evermore thy body with those which thou\nhastwon in quellingYrltra.\n10 Heroic power and noble praise is India : yea, the song wor-\nships him invoked ofnvtny.\nVritra he quelled, andgive men room and freedom\n:\nBakra,\nvictorious, hath conquered armies.\n11 Call we on Maghavan, auspicious India, best Hero in this\nfight where spoil is gathered,\nThe Strong, who listens, who gives aid in biftties, who slays\nthe Vritras, wins and gathers riches.\nHYMN\nCY.\nIndra.\nWhen, Yasu, wiltthoulove the laudl Now let the channel\nbringthe stream.\nThejuiceis ready to ferment.\n8 Didstmovetheocean: didstbring thesea of rainfromheaven.\n9 These: waters.\n11 Thisistheconcluding verse of several hymns of the Visv&ruitras in\nBookIII.\n1 Yasu: Indra. Let the channel bring the stream; to the Soma juice\nwhichhasstoodlong enough for fermentation—Ludwig. The phraseology\nisveryobscure, and Sayana gives a totally different explanation.—‘When\nwillhe, (like)adam. obstructand Jet loose the long-protracted libation for\nthesakeofwind-driven (rain).?’—Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1189,
            "content": ": : : : ,\nHYMN 105.] THE RIGYEDA. 547\n2 He whose two Bay Steeds harnessed well, swerving, pursue\nthe Bird’s tail-plumes,\nWith flowing manes, like heaven and earth, he is the Lord\nwith power to give.\n3 Bereft of skillis Indra, if, like some out-weariedman he' fears\n,The sinner, when the Mightyhathpreparedhimselfforvictory.\n4 Indra with these drives round, until he meets with one to wor-\nship him\n:\nIndraisMasterofthepairwhosnortandswerveupontheirway.\n5 Borne onward by the long-maned Steeds who stretch them-\nselves as ’twere for food,\n4The God who wears the helm defends them with, his jaws.\n6 The Mighty sang with Lofty Ones the Hero fashioned with\n;\nhis strength,\nLike skilful Matarisvanwith his power and might,\n7 Thebolt, which pierced at once the vitals of the Dasyu easy\nto be slain,\nWith jaw uninjured like the wondrous firmament.\nS Grind off our sins: with song will we conquer the men who\nsing no hymns\nNot easily art thou pleased with prayerless sacrifice.\n9 When threefold flame burns high for thee, to rest on poles of\nsacrifice,\nThou with the living joyest in the self-bright Ship.\n2 The Bird the allusion seems to beto aracebetweenthe—horsesof Indra\nand those of S&rya or the SimwhoistheBirdoftheheavens. Ludwig. Like\nheavenandearth: themeaningofrajVis unknown. S&yanaexplainstheword\nb mL ey u ad nwh tie .gave Itn nhia Vnn Ik .d s 2e ta 6hr .atj t 6i ,, t’ Rwo aor jia‘ ns ii su mn sa ala is dnd o bf ym so Soo &m yn e a; n’ akb i tnu odt bt e(h ee trs hae j eia t nr ie ae r m©m , ee ’r o‘e frag aju ie m-s b as e ie as ds. et na .’P )r ao rf e,\nm hia3 my sbT teh ile la ,vs e li r in kbn e,er aa .s n m; d aV ntr hi e wtr esa at, a rn yt zh a ae nm dc ah yi ae lf ab reo mf ers dei ,nn dn e Wer r hs e, ed na :—c hco e‘r W hd ii atn thg hot u mo t aS t dd hy ea en hma i. mI sn eO d lr r fap r& h ep o aa lj dde s\ny\nfor nobledeed.’—See Pischel, Vedische Studien I, p. 398.\n4 Js Master: literally 4hero.’ Themeaningapparentlyis thatwhenIndra\nmeets with aworshipper hestopshis horses andattend^shesacrifice.\n5 Whowearsthe,helm:siprintvdn; 4possessingmighfcyjaws/—Wilson. With\nhisjaws withhisroar, the thunder.\n6 Lofty Ones; theMaruts.\n7 The stanza is obscure. I follow Prof. Ludwig’s interpretationofKiri-\nmasdhirtmdn, which mean,accordingtoS&yana, 4gold-bearded’ and 4lord of\nbay horses.’\n8 Grindoff: removethem bywhetting. 4Comminute/--Wilson,\n9 Threefoldflame of the three sacred fires. The living—: the sacrlficer.\nTheself-brightShip: thesacrifice\n;\n4the vesselof thy’glory.’ Wilspn, '"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1190,
            "content": ": : : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOR X\n548\n10 Thyglorywasthespeckledcup,thyglorywastheflawlessscoop\nWherewith thou po.urest into thy receptacle.\n11 As hundreds, 0 Immortal God, have sung to thee, so hath\nSumitra, yea, Durmitra praised thee here,\nWhat time thouholpest Kutsa’s son, when Dasyus fell, yea,\nholpest Kutsa’s darling when the Dasyus died.\nHYMN\nCYI. Asvins,\nThis verything yeTwain hold as your object ye weave your\nsongs as skilful menweave garments. :\nThat ye may come united have I waked you ye spread out\n:\nfoodlike daysof lovely weather.\n2 Like twoplough-bulls ye move along in traces, and seek like\neagerguests your bidder's banquet.\nYe arelike glorious envoys mid the people : like bulls, ap-\nproach the place where ye arewatered.\n3 Like the two pinions of abird, connected, like two choice ani-\nmals, ye have sought our worship.\nBright as the fire the votary hath kindled, ye sacrifice in\nmany aspot as reamers.\n4 Ye are our kinsmen, like two sons, two fathers, strong in\nyour splendour andlike kings for conquest\nLike raysfor our enjoyment, Lords to feed us, ye, like quick\nhearers, have obeyed our calling.\n9 Like giants, ye will find firm ground to stand on in depths,\nlike feet for one who fords a shallow.\nLike earsye will attend to him wTbo orders ye Two enjoy\n:\nour wondrous workas sharers.\nLiketoilingbees ye bring to us your honey, as bees into tho\nhide that opens downward.\n10 Cup : upasechctnl aladleorcupused for sprinkling. Thy receptacle;\ndrinking-vessel, orperhapsAgni,thatis,thefire, maybeintended.\nKut1 s1 a'S sim si ot nra Da un rd miD tu rr ami ht ir msa ela fr ,e aa clt ce or rn da it ni gve tona Sm &ye as nao .f theR *ishiof thehyJmn.\nThemetresinsomeplacesaresomewhatirregular, the meanings of feomo\nwordsareuncertain,andthehymn generally is obscure. Prof. Grassmann\nhasplaced thehymnin hisAppendix.\nPro4 f.li Lk ue dr wa iy gs .forourenjoyment; 'likebroomstosweep\nwith,’ accordin6z to\nwhiI cd ho nen ao rt lyat evt ee rm yp,t wot rh de ih so ape dl ie ffs is cut ltas rk iddo lf e.tra Sn es ela At pi png ens dt ia xnzas 5 6 1\n’\n8 ’in\ns l hk a ei b r1 n o b0 u ai_ r gnT e evh r ,e se r yt y oh e oi udd n.e aa tt r th I e ea nt dc drao in (p pn te p hon i ets n sgd t ao r cww a rin in ts fw hl ia ca p etr e )ed r .s ’i p —n i Wt t r ih e a lle t sl i oih og no ni ,,n ble lyy ik- t ec ho e amb s te ii rs c eoc dno dm cp ola i wr nee ed att io ‘ nl ha gikw e sa wt te e 'wr b- o t\n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1191,
            "content": ": : : ;\nHYMN 107.] THE R1QYEHA . 549\n11 May we increase the laud and gain us vigour come to our\nsong, ye whom one chariot carries. :\nFilled be our kine with ripened meath like “glory Bhutansa\n:\nhath fulfilled the Alvins’ longing.\nHYMN CVIL DakshM.\nThese men’s great bounty hath been manifested, and the\nwhole world of life set free from darkness.\nGreat light hath come, vouchsafed us by the Fathers ap-\n:\nparent is the spacious path of Guerdon.\n2 High up in heaven abide the Guerdon-givers they who give\n:\nsteeds dwell with the Sun for ever.\nThey who give gold are blest with life eternal : they who give\nrobes prolong their lives, 0 Soma.\n— —\n‘3 Not fromthe niggards for they give notfreely comes Meed\nat sacrifice, Gods’ satisfaction\n:\nYea, many men with hands stretched out with Guerdon\npresenttheir gifts because they dread dishonour.\n4 These who observe mankind regard oblation as streamy VSyu\nand light-finding Arka.\nThey satisfy and give their gifts insynod,andpour instreams\nthe seven-mothered Guerdon.\n5 He who brings Guerdon comes as first invited ; chief of the\nhamlet comes the Guerdon-bearer.\nHim Iaccount the ruler of the people who was the first to\nintroduce the Guerdon.\n6 They call him Bishi, Brahman, Sama-chanter, reciterof the\nlaud, leadedof worship.\nThe brightly-shining God’s three forms he knoweth who first\nbestowed the sacrificial Guerdon.\nThehymn eulogizes Dakshinft, thelargess,guerdon, orhonorariumpresent-\ned bytheinstitutorsof thesacrifices to the priests who perform the cere-\nmonies. The yajamdnas who give this guerdon liberally are alternatively\nthedeifiedsubjectsofthehymn.\n1 Thesemen thewealthyinstitutors of the sacrifice, Fathers who are\ntheembodimentsandguardiansof thelight.\n4 Thesewho observe mavkind theMaghavans or wealthy nobles, who do\nnotconsiderthecostof sacrifice, butregard it as an occasion that enables\nthem toshowtheirliberality,andtogain thefavourofVfiyu,the Wind-God\nwhobrings countlessshowersofrain, and Arka orthe Sun who brings the\nlight. Seven-mothered originatingin, andaccompanying, sevenformsofsacri-\nfice;or,regulatedby theseven priests.\n6 Threeforms : Agnias the Sun,lightning, andfire."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1192,
            "content": "THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n550\n7 Guerdon bestows the horse, bestows the bullock, Guerdon\nbestows, moreover, gold that glisters.\n' Guerdon gives food which isour life and spirit. He who is\nwise takes Guerdon for his armour.\n8 The liberal die not, never are they ruined : the liberal suffer\nneither harm nor trouble. —\nThe light of heaven, the universe about us, all this doth\nsacrificial Guerdon give them.\n9 First have the liberal gained a fragrant dwelling, and got\nthemselves a bride in fairapparel. *\nThe liberal have obtained their draught of liquor, and con-\nquered fhose who,unprovoked, assailed them.\n10 They deckthe fleet steed for the bounteous giver: the maid\nadorns herself and waits to meet him.\nHis home is like a lake with lotus-blossoms, like the Gods'\npalaces adorned and splendid.\n11 Steeds good at draught convey the liberal giver, and lightly\nrolling moves the car of Guerdon.\nAssist, ye Gods, the liberal man in battles : the liberal giver\nconquers foesin combat.\nHYMN CVIII. Saraml Panis.\nWhat wish of Sarama hatfy brought her hither? The path\nleads faraway to distant places.\nWhatchargehast thouforus? Whereturns thy journey? How\nhast thou made thy way o’er Rasa’s waters.\n2 I come appointed messenger of Indra, seeking your ample\nstores of wealth, 0 Panis.\n0\nThis hath preserved me from the fear of crossing thus have\nI made my way o’er Ras&’s waters. :\n9Draughtofliquor:antakpiyamsiirdydh:‘deeppotationsofwine/—\nWilson.\n—10 Themaidadornsherself; ‘heobtainsabrilliantdamselfor hisportion.\nStuir.\n11 Carof Guerdon: cfI. 123. 1.\nThehymn isacolloquybetween Saram&,the messengerof the Godsorof\nI dn ed mr oa ns(se we hI o. 6 h2 a. ve8, cn ao rt rie ed; 1 of%\nf\n8 th; eI cII o. ws81 o. r6 r; aV y, s1 o5 f. 8 l) i, gha tnd wht ih ce hP Ia nn di rs ao wr ie sn hv ei sou ts\no\nrecover. Saram& andthePanisarealternatelysubjectandRiahi.\n1 The Papisaddress Saramd who has foundherwayto therookystrong-\nholdin whichthe stolen cowsare imprisoned. ThePanisspeak theuneven\nstanzas, withthe exceptionof stanza 11, and Saramftthe even. Rastiisin\nS*efi es VP .la 4c 1e ,a 15m .yth Ii nca I.l 1s 12t .re 1a 2m ,t ah na dt Vf .lo 5w 3s .r 9o ,u Rn ad sftth ae ppa et am ro ssp th oer be ea and rivt eh re oe far tt hh a.\n,\nPanjab, probablyanaffluent of the Indus. See Zimmer, AltindisckesLehen,\npp, 15, 16,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1193,
            "content": ": ; :\nMYMN 108 .] THE RmtEDA . 551\n3 What isthatIndralike,whatishisaspectwhoseenvoy,Sarama,\nfrom afar thou eomest ?\nLet himapproach, and we will show him friendship he shall\n:\nbe made the herdsman of our cattle.\n4 I know him safe from harm; but he can punish who sent me\nhither from afar as envoy.\nHimrivers flowing with deep watershidenot. Low will yelie,\n0 Panis, slain by Indra.\n5 These are thekinewhich, Sarama, thouseekest, flying, 0 Blest\nOne, to the ends ofheaven.\nWho\nwill loose thesefor thee withoutabattle? Yen, andsharp-\npointed are our warlike weapons. ^\n6 Even if yourwicked bodies, 0 ye Panis, werearrow-proof, your\nwords are weak for wounding;\nAnd were the path to you as yet umnastered, BrihaspaU in\nneither case will spare you.\n7 Paved with the rock is this our treasure-chamber ; filled full\nof precious things, of kine, and horses.\nThese Panis who arewatchful keepersguard it. In vain hast\nthou approached this lonely station.\n<8 Rishis will come inspirited with Soma, Angirases unwearied,\nand Navagvas.\nThis stall of cattle will they part among them : then will the\nPanis wish these words unspoken.\n9 Even thus, Q Sarama, hast thoucome hither, forced bycelest-\nial might to make the journey.\nTurn thee not back, for thoushalt beoursister: 0 BlestOne,\nwe will gr?e thee of the cattle.\nTO Brotherhood, sisterhood, I know noteither: the dread Angi-\nrases and Indra know them.\nThey seemed to long for kine when I departed. Hence, into\ndistance, be ye gone, O Pands.\nII Hence, far away, ye Paais! Let the cattle lowing come forth\nas holy Law commandeth,\nKiue which Brihaspati, and Soma, Rishis,sages, andpressing-\nstones have found when hidden.\n—\nf> Weak forwounding : 1notinthe piaeeof-armies.’ Wilson. Erifuispati\nas Indra’scompanion andallyinbattle.\n8 Navagvas membersofa mythological family, forminga division of the\nAngirasesorclosely connectedwiththem. Wishthe*e words unspoken more\nliterally, rejectthem from theirmouthB retracttheir threats.\n10 Snowthem: areallied bysuchties; ofkinship.\n11 Itis uncertain towhom thisstanzais tobe ascribed, Sftyana assignsit\nto SatamA Prof, Ludwigthinksthat Brihaspati may he thespeaker. Press-\ning*stones; which preparethe Somajuicethatinspirits Indra."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1194,
            "content": "—\nHYMNS OF [BOOK X\n552 Tills\n7^ HYMN CIX. Visvedevas,\nThese first, the boundless Sea, and Matarisvan, fierce-glowing\nFire, the Strong, the Bliss-bestower,\nAnd heavenly Floods, first-born by holy Order, exclaimed\nagainst the outrage on a Brahman.\n2 King Soma firstof all, without reluctance, made restitutionof\nthe Brahman's consort.\nMitra and Varuna were the inviters: Agni as Hotartook her\nhand and led her.\n3 The man, her pledge, mustby her hand be taken when they\nhave cried, She is a Bikhman's consort.\nShe stayednot fora herald to conduct her : thus is the king-\ndom of arulerguarded.\n4 Thus spake of herthose Gods of old, Seven Rishis 'who sate\nthem down to’their austere devotion :\nHire is aBrahman's wife led home by others : inthe suprem-\nest heavensheplants confusion.\n5 The Brabmaohftri goes engaged in duty: he is a member of\nthe Gods' own body.\nThrough him Brihaspati obtained his consort, as the Gods\ngained theladle brought by Soma.\n6 So then the Gods restored her, so men gave the woman back\nagain.\nThe Kings who kept their promises restored the Brahman's\nwedded wife.\n7 HavingrestoredtheBrahmau'swife,andfreedthem, withGods'\naid, from sin,\nThey shared the fulness of the earth, and won themselves\nextended sway.\nThehymn hasbeen translatedbytheauthorsof Siehenzig Lieder denBig-\nveda. SeealsoMme.Z6naideRagozin, VedicLidia,p.25$.\n1 OutrageonaBrahman : eBrahm&’asin/accordingtoS&yana.\nthe5 AB tr haa rh vm a-a ve eM dr a,t X:a Lre 5.ligi To hus els at du ld ee :nt j. uhvcF ho nr :h Pis rofglor Li uf dic wa iti gon, taks eee siT tl togm bm eo af\npropername : eJuhfi, 0 Gods,conductedbornebySoma/\n^ ThewifeofaBrahman appearstohave been taken tohishomebyaKsha-\ntriya,andthenrestored. Alegendquotedby S&vanasaysthatJubfiorV&k,\n! thewife ofBrihaspati whoisidentified with Brahm&, had beendesertedby\nj herhusbmd. TheGodsthen consulted «« meansofexpiating\nJj hissin,andrestoredhertohim. See .V “ v'\n\\ Thehymnisanalmost unintelligiblefragment andof comparatively late\norigin.\nj"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1195,
            "content": "—\nHYMN 110.] THE RIGVEHA . 553\nHYMN\nCX. Apria.\nThou in the houseof man this day enkindled worshippest\n» Gods as God; 0 Jatavedas.\nObservant, bright as Mitra, bring themhither thou art a\n:\nsapient and foreknowing envoy.\n2 Tanunap&t, fair-tongued, with sweet meath balmingthe paths\nand ways ofOrder, make them pleasant.\nConvey our sacrifice to heaven, exalting with holy thoughts\nourhymns of praise and worship.\n3 Invoked, deserving prayer and adoration, O Agni, come ac-\ncordant with the Vasus.\nThou art, 0 Youthful Lord, the Gods’ Invoker, so, best of\nSacrifices, bring.them quickly.\n4 By rule the Sacred Grass is scattered eastward, a robe to\nclothe this earth when dawns are breaking.\nWidely it spreads around and far-extended, fair for the Gods\nand bringing peace and freedom.\n5 Let the expansive Doors be widely opened, like .wives who\ndeck their beauty for their husbands.\nLofty, celestial, all-impelling Portals, admit the Gods and\ngive them easy entrance.\n6 Pouring sweet dews let holy Night and Morning, each close\nto each, be seated at their station,\nLofty, celestial Dames with gold to deck them, assuming all\ntheir fair and radiafit beauty.\n7 Come the two first celestial sweet-voiced Hotars, arranging\nsacrifice for man to worship,\nAssingers who inspire us in assemblies, showing the eastward\nlight with their direction.\n8 Let Bharati comequicklyto our worship, and I]a showing like\na human being.\nSo let Sarasvati and both her fellows, deft Goddesses, on this\nfair grass be seated.\n9 Hotarmore skilled in sacrifice, bringhither with speed to-day\nGod Tvashtar, thou who knowest,\nEven him who formed these two, the Earth and Heaven, the\nParents, with their forms, and evfery creature.\nSeepreceding hymnsaddressed tothesame deities and deified objects;\nI. 113 J; dt1 a42 v, cd1 a8 s8 a; nI dI. Ta3 nl; lI nII a. pd4 t; aV r. e5 na; mV eII s. of2 A; ga nn id .I TX h. e5;\nDoorsofthe sacrificial\nchamber represent the portals of the eastern heaven, Vanusputi is the\nsacrificialpostto which thevictimistied."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1196,
            "content": ": :\n554 THE HYMNS OF IBOOK X.\n10 Send to our offerings which, thyself thou balmest the Com-\npanies of Gods in ordered season.\nAgni, Vanaspati theImmolator sweeten our offered gift with\nmeath and butter.\n11 Agni, as soon as he was born, made ready the sacrifice, and\nwas the Gods’ preceder.\nMay the Gods eat our offering consecrated according to this\ntrue Priest’s voice and guidance,\nHYMN CXI, Indra.\nBring for^vyour sacred song ye prudent singers, even as are\nthe thoughts ofhuman beings.\nLet us draw Indrawith true deeds anear us: he loves our\nsongs, the Hero, and ispotent.\n2 The hymn shone brightly from the seat of worship : to the\nkine came the Bull, the Heifer’s Offspring.\nWith mighty bellowing hathhe arisen, and hath pervaded\neven the spacious regions.\n3 Indra knows, verily, how to hear our singing, for he, victori-\nous, made a path for Surya.\nHe made the Cow, and he became the Sovran of Heaven,\nprimeval, matchless, and unshaken.\n4 Praised by Angirases, Indra demolishedwith might the works\nofthe great watery monster.\nFull many regions, too, hath he pervaded, and by his truth\nsupported earth’s foundation,\n5 The counterpart ofheaven and earth is Indira: he knoweth\nall libations, slayeth Sushna,\nThe vast sky with the Sun hath he extended, and, best of\npillars, stayed it with a pillar.\n6 The Yritra-slayer with his bolt felled Vyifcra: the magic of\nthe godless, waxen mighty,\nHere hast thou, Bold Assailant, boldlyconquered.* Yea, then\nthine arms, 0 Maghvan, were potent.\n2 Thehine: whoare milkedforsacrificialpurposes. TheBull Indra. The\nHeifers Offering: cp. IV. 18. 10 : ‘TheHeiferhathbroughtforth thestrong,\nthemighty,theunconquerableBull, Mth mefurious Indra’ The HeiferisAditi.\n3 Hema —detheOoie: thewordsin —.... .,g6h, the cow, 1the female of\nthe bull.’ Muir; 1Des Stieres Weib/ Grassmann,—are difficult. Prof.\nLudwigsuggests thattheearthmay beintended.\n4 Waterymonster Arbuda, ademon of theclouds. SeeX. 67, 12."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1197,
            "content": "HYMN 112.] THE MG VEDA. ' 555\n7 When the Dawns come attendant upon Sarya their rays dis-\ncover wealth of divers colours.\nThe Star of heaven is seen as ’twere approaching : none\nknoweth aught ofit as it departeth.\n8 Far have they gone, thefirst of all these waters, the waters\nthat flowed forth when Indra sent them.\n10 Where istheir spring, and where is their foundation1 Where\nnow, ye Waters, is your inmost centre ?\n9 Thou didst free rivers swallowed by the Dragon and rapidly\n;\nthey set themselves in motion,\nThose that were loosed and those that longed for freedom.\nExcited now to speed they run unresting. ^\nYearning togetherthey have sped to Sindhu : the Fort-des-\ntroyer, praised, of old, hath loved them.\nIndra, may thy terrestrial treasures reach us, and our full\nsongs ofjoy approach thy dwelling.\nHYMN CXII Indra.\nDkink ofthejuice, 0 Indra, at thy pleasure, for thy first\ndraughtis early morn’s libation.\nRejoice, that thou mayst slay our foes, 0 Hero, and we with\niauds will tell thy mighty exploits.\n2 Thou hast a car more swift than thought, 0 Indra thereon\n;\ncome hither, come to drink the Soma.\nLet thy Bay Steeds, thy Stallions, hasten hither, with whom\nthou eomest nigh and artdelighted.\n3 Deckout thybody withthefairestcolours, with goldensplend-\nour of theSunadorn it.\n0 Indra, turn thee hitherward invited by us thy friends be\n;\nseated and be joyful.\n4 0thou whosegrandeurinthy festivetransports noteven these\ntwo great worlds have comprehended.\nCome, Indra, with thydear Bay Horses harnessed, cometoour\ndwelling and the food thoulovest.\n5 Pressed for thy joyous banquet is the Soma, Soma whereof\nthou, Indra, ever drinking,\nHastwaged unequalled battles withthyfoemen, whichprompts\nthe mighty flow of thine abundance.\n7 TheStarofheaven: the Sun. .Departeth: onits nightly journey from\nwesttoeast.\n9 The Dragon : Ahi ; Vritraorhisbrother-fiend.\n10 TheFort-destroyer: Indra,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1198,
            "content": ":\nm\ntee hymns of [book x\n6. Found from of old is this thy cup, 0 Indra : 0 Satakratu,\ndrink therefrom the Soma.\nFilled is the beaker with the meath that gladdens, the beaker\nwhich all Deities delight in.\n7 From many a side with proffered entertainment the folk are\ncalling thee, 0 Mighty Indra.\nThese ourlibationsshall for thee be richest in sweet meath\n:\ndrink thereof and find them pleasant.\n8 I willdeclarethy deedsof old, 0 Indra, themighty acts which\n10 thouhast first accomplished.\nIn genuine wrath thou loosenedst the mountain so that the\nBrahman^easily found the cattle.\n9 Lord of the hosts, amid ourbands be seated : they call thee\ngreatest Sage among thesages.\nNothingisdone, evenfaraway,withoutthee great, wondrous,\nMaghavan, is the hymn I sing thee. :\nAim of our eyes be thou, for we implore thee, 0 Maghavan,\nFriend of friends and Lord of treasures.\nFight, Warriorstrong in truth, fight thou the battle give us\n:\nourshare ofundivided riches.\nHYMN\nCXIII. Indra.\nThe Heavens and the Earth accordant with all Gods encour-\naged graciously that vigorous might of his.\nWhen he came showing forth hismajesty andpower, hedrank\nof Somajuice and waxed exceeding strong.\n2 This majesty of his Vishnu extolsand lauds, making thestalk\nthat gives the meathflow forth with might.\nWhen Indra Maghavanwith thosewho followedhim hadsmit-\nten Vritra he deserved the choice of Gods. r\n3 When, bearing warlike weapons, fainto win thee praise, thou\nmettestVritra, yea, the Dragon, for the fight,\nThen all the Maruts who were gathered with thee there ex-\ntolled, 0 Mighty One, thy powerful majesty.\n4 Soonas hesprang tolife heforced asunderhosts\n:\nforward the\nHero lookedto manly deed and war.\nHe cleft the rock, he let concurrent streams flow forth, and\nwith his skilful art stablished the heavens’ wide vault.\n5 Indra hath evermore possessed surpassing power : he forced,\nfar from each other, heaven and earth apart.\nHehurled impetuousdownhis ironthunderbolt, a joytoVaru-\nna’s and Mitra’s worshipper.\nS TheBrahman accordingtoS&yana,Brahmawhoisidentifiedwith Bji-\nkappati^tlieownerofthecows whichthePamshadstolen."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1199,
            "content": ";\nHYMN\n114.]\nTHE HIGVED\nA, 557\n6 Thento themightypowersof Indra, to hiswrath, histhefierce\nStormer, loud of voice, they came with speed\nWhat time the Potent One rent Vritra with his strength, who\nheld the waters back, whom darkness compassed round.\n7 Even in the first of those heroic acts which they who strove\ntogether came with might to execute,\nBeep darkness fell upon the slain, and Indra won by victory\nthe right of being firstinvoked.\n8 Then allthe Godsextolled, witheloquenceinspiredbydraughts\n10 of Soma juice, thy deeds of manly might.\nAs Agni eats the dry food with his teeth, he ate Vritra, the\nDragon, maimed by Indra’s deadly dart.\n9 Proclaim his many friendships, met with friendship, made\nwithsingers, with the skilful and the eloquent.\nIndra, when he subdues Dhuni and Chumuri, lists to Dabhiti\nfor his faithful spirit’s sake.\nGive riches manifold with noble horses, to be remembered\nwrhile my songs address thee.\nMay we by easy paths pass all our troubles find us this day\n:\na ford wide and extensive.\nHYMN\nCXIV.\nVisvedeva*.\nTwo perfect springs of heat pervade the Threefold, and come\nfor their delight is M&tarisvan.\nCraving the milk of heaven the Gods are present well do\n:\nthey knowthe praise-song and the S&man.\n2 The priests heard far away, as they are ordered, serve tho\nthree Nirritis, for well they know them.\nSages havetraced the causethat firstproduced them, dwelling\nin distant and mysterious chambers.\n6 Theycame:itisuncertainwhethertheGods,ortheMaruts,orthrwaters\naretheunderstoodsubject.\n7 Deepdarkne—ssfellupontheslain: ‘Vritrabeingslain, thethickdarkness\nwasdestroyed.’ Wilson.\n8 Heate: Indrautterlydestroyedhim. amorematter-\no wf h- ifa cc ht ww ea ry e: nope lo op nl ge erde ov bo su tr re ud ctV er dit br ya, hith ma .tis, !;: . .bythewaters\n9 Dhuniand Chumuriweredemonsandenemiesof Indra’sfriendDabhiti,\nSee Vol. I., Index.\n1 Springsofheat:gharmti: AgniandSvtrya. The Threefold: theuniverse,\nsky.firmament, andearth. Mdtari&van : V&yu,accordingtoS&yana. *Thus\nwehaveherethe well-known triad, Agni, V&yu, Sflrya.’—Ludwig.\n2 ThreeNirritis: accordingtoS&yana, heaven, mid-air, and earth, orthe\ndeitiesthatcontrolthem. Prof. Ludwig thinks thattheDawns are meant,\nwhichby theirregular appearance bringmen nearer to death. The plural\nappears in one otherplace, VIII. 24, 24,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1200,
            "content": "—\n: : : : : ::\n558 THE HYMNS OF fBOOK X.\n3 The Yon tliful One,well-shaped, with fourlocksbraided,bright-\nened withoil, pats on the ordinances.\nTwo Birds of mighty power are seated near her, there where\nthe Deitiesreceive their portion.\n4 Oneof these Birds hathpassed into the sea of air : thence he\nlooks round and views this universal world.\nWith simple heart I have beheld him from anear : his Mother\nkisses him and he returns her kiss.\n5 Him with fair wings though only One in nature, wise singers\nshape, withsongs, in many figures.\nWhile they at sacrifices fix the metres, they measure out\ntwelve chalices of Soma.\n6 While they arrange the four and six-and-thirty, and duly\norder, up to twelve, the mensures,\nHaving disposed the sacrifice thoughtful snges send the Car\nforwardwith the Rich and SfLman.\n7 The Chariot's majesties are fourteen others : seven sages lead\nit onward with their voices.\nWho will declare to us the ford Apnana, the path whereby\nthey drink first draughts ofSoma?\n8 The fifteen lauds are in a thousand places: that is as vast as\nheaven and earth in measure.\nA thousand spots containthe mighty thousand. Yak spread-\neth forth as far as Prayer extendeth.\n3 The YouthfulOne: thealtar, representedasawoman. With four locks\nbraided: quadrangular, according to S&yana. Puts on the ordinances: is\ndressed or arranged in the manner prescribed for sacrifice. Two Birds;\nprobablyAgniand Soma, According toS&yana, the husband and bis wife,\northe YajamduaandtheBrahman.\n4 One: AgniastheSun, IHs mother: perhaps, as Prof. Ludwig says.\nDawn.\nt> Thiidy-sixgraftas ychalices, orsaucers for Somajuice or other libations,\nare to beusedattheAgnishtoma, andfourinadditionat the Atyagniahtoma\nsacrifice. Themeasures the proper metresfor particular rites or parts of\nthe service. The Car thesacrifice. Rich theholy verse thatis recited.\nSlman thepsalmthatis sungorchanted.\n7 Majesties theabstract used forthe concrete, themightyones, probably\nthe priests. The fordApndm; thepassageleadingtotheplaceof sacrifice.\nThey the Gods.\n8 That: meaning the fifteen lauds regarded as a whole. The mighty\nthousand: themea —ningisuncertain ; ‘thethousand great (functions) arein\nathousandplaces.’ Wilson. This means, according to SHyana, that every\nfunction of the body has iAr \"i Dr. Muir translates*.\neThereareathousand times ' • \\ thousandtimes athous-\nand are theirglorious manifestations.’ Vftk or Speech, SeeX. 71and 125."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1201,
            "content": ": : ;\nHYMK 115.] THE RIQVEJDA\n553\n9 What sage hath learned the metres’ application-?\ngained Yak, the spirit’s aim and object?\nWhich ministering priest is called eighth Hero? Who then\nhath tracked the two Bay Steeds ofIndra?\n10 Yoked to his chariot-pole there stood the Coursers; they only\ntravel round earth’s farthest limits.\nThese, when their driver in his home is settled, receive the-\nallotted meed of their exertion.\nHYMN CXY. AgnL\nVerily wondrous is the tender Youngling’s growth who never\ndraweth nighto drink his Mothers’ milk.\nAs soon as she who hath no udder bore him, he,^faring on his.\n;\ngreat errand, suddenly grew strong.\n2 Then Agni was-his name, most activeto bestow gathering up\n7\nthe trees with his consuming tooth\nSkilled in fair sacrifice,, armed with destroying tongue, im-\npetuous as a bull that snorteth in the-mead.\n3 Praise him, your God who, bird-like,rests upon a tree, scatter-\ning drops ofjuice and pouring forth his flood,\nSpeaking &loud with flame as withhislips a priest, and broad-\nening his paths like one of high command.\n4 Thou Everlasting, whom, far-striding fain to burn, the winds,,\nuninterrupted, neverovercome,\nThey have approached, as warriors eager for the fight, heroic\nTrita, guiding him to gain his wish.\n5 This Agni is the best of Kanvas, Kauvas’ Friend, Conqueror\nof the foe whether afar or near.\nMay Agni guard the singers, guard the princes well may\n:\nAgni grantTo us our princes* gracious help.\n6 Do thou, Supitrya, swiftly following, make thyself the lord of\ndatavedas, mightiest ofall,\n9 EighthHero Agni is meant, as presiding over the seven ritvijas or\nministeringpriests.\n1 His Mothersare the twofire-sticks,thelowerofwhich, inwhichthespark\nis produced, beingshewho hathnoudder .\n4 Trita according to S&yana, him who is stationed in the three fire-\nreceptacles, thatis, Agni.\n5 Kanvas; a well-known family with which Upastu—ia was connected.\nAccordingto S&yana, worshippersin generalare—meant :• ‘themost earnest\nof eulogists,thefriend ofthose who prai—sehim.’ Wilson,\n6 Supitrya (‘who hastfairancestors.’ Wilson) seems tobean epithetof\nthe ILishias addressed by himself. S&yana applies it to Agni. The con-\nstruction of thestanzaisdifficult, andthetranslation of the firsthalf, which\nfollowsProf, Ludwig, issomewhatconjectural. Thirsty land: Agni by his\nintercession causesraintofall."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1202,
            "content": ":\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n560\niio surelygives a boon even in thirsty land, most powerful,\nprepared to aid us in the wilds.\n7 Thus noble Agni with princesand mortal men is lauded, ex-\ncellentfor conquering strength with chiefs,\nMen who arewell-disposed as friends and true to Law, even\nas the heavens in majesty surpass mankind.\n8 0 Son of Strength,Victorious, withthis titleUpastuta’s most\npotent voice reveres thee.\nBlest with bravesons by thee we will extolthee, and lengthen\nout the days ofour existence.\n9 Thus, Agni, have the sons of Vrishtihavya, the Rishis, the\nU pastirtasinvoked thee.\nProtect them, guard the singers and the princes. With\nVashat have they come, with hands uplifted, with their\n!\nuplifted hands and cries ofGlory !\nHYMN OXVI. Indra.\nBrinkSoma juiceformightypowerand vigour, drink, Strong-\nest One, that thou mayst smite down Vritra.\nBrink thou, iuvoiced,for strength,andriches : drink thou thy\nfill of meath and pour itdown, 0 Indra.\n2 Drink ofthe foodful juicestirred intomotion, drinkwhatthou\nchoosest ofthe flowing Soma.\nGiver of weal, be joyful in thy spirit, and turn thee hither-\nward tobless and prosper.\n3 Let heavenly Soma gladden thee, 0 Indra, letthat effused\namong mankind delightthee.\nRejoiceinthatwherebythougavestfreedom, andthatwhereby\nthou conquerest thy foemen.\n0\n4 Let Indra come, impetuous, doubly mighty, to the poured\njuice,the Bull, with two Bay Coursers.\nWithjuicespressed in milk, with meathpresented, glut ever-\nmore thy bolt, 0 Foe-destroyer.\n5 Dashdown,outflamingtheirsharpflamingweapons, thestrong-\nholds of the men urged on by demons.\nI give thee, Mighty One, great streugth and conquest go,\nmeetthy foes and rend them in the battle. :\nProf. Grassmaimobserves?: ‘Das Lied enthalt. namentlichinVers 3— 6,\nmanchesDunkle,sodass hierdieAuslegungzweifelhaftbleibb.’\n—\n1 Pouritdown: ‘showerdown (blessings).5 Wilson.\nS fairestfreedom : byslayingVritrat or,riches, accordingtoSayana.\n4 thF eo re e-d de cs ltr oo uy de sr ’: (a ar ruu ss auh «d arua .c dc io drd ?i )n .g Ito adt oh pe tSt SftP ye at ne a’r ssb eu xr pg laL ne ax ti ic oo nn .,‘striker"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1203,
            "content": ": .\nm\nHYMN 117.] TI1E RIGVEDA\n6 Extend afar the votary's fame and glory, as the firm archer7s\nstrength drives offthe foeman.\nRanged on our side, grown strong in might that conquers,\nnever defeated, still increase thy body.\n7 To thee have we presented this oblation : accept it, Sovran\nRuler, free fromanger.\nJuice, Maghavan, forthee is pressed and ripened : eat, Indra,\ndrink ofthat whichstirsto meetthee.\n8 Eat, Indra, these oblations which approach thee be pleased\n:\nwith food made ready and with Soma.\nWith entertainment we receive thee friendly effectual be\n:\nthe sacrificed wishes. ^\n9 I send sweet speech to Indra and to ^gni : with hymns I\nspeed it like a boat through waters.\nEven thus, the Gods seem moving round about'me, the foun-\ntains and bestowTers ofour riches.\nHYMN\nCXVII.\nLiberality.\nThe Godshavenot ordained hunger to be our death 'even to\n:\nthe well-fed man comes death in varied shape.\nThe riches ofthe liberal never waste away, while he who will\nnot give findsnone to comforthim.\n2 The man with food in store who, when the needy, comes in\nmiserable case begging for b—read to eat,\nHardens h—is heart against him even when of old he did him\nservice findsnot one tocomfort him.\n3 Bounteous is he who gives unto the beggar who comes tohim\ninwant offoodand feeble.\nSuccess attends him in the shoutofbattle. He makesafriend\nof him infuture troubles.\n4 No friend is he who to his friend and comrade who comes im-\nploring food, w—ill offer nothing.\n—\nLet him depart no home is that torest in and ratherseek\n,\na stranger to support him.\n5 Let the rich satisfy the poor implorer, and bend his eye upon\na longer pathway.\n—\n6 Asthefirm archer's strength:- the construction is—obscure: ‘(stretch\nout),thystrengthlike strong bowsagainst’our enemies.’ Wilson.\nThebymn eulogizes LiberalityorBountyin the shape of gifts of wealth\nandfood. *\n3 To beourdeath: men must notattempttojustify their refusal of food\ntothehungry by sayingthat the Godssend hunger-asapunishmentforsin.\n5 Bend his eye upon alongerpathway carefully consider the future and,\nnotthepresentonly. Hehimself may need the same assistancehereafter.\n36"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1204,
            "content": ":\nX\nTUB HYMNS OF [BOOK\n£02\nRiches come now to one, now to another, and like the wheels\nof carsare ever rolling,\n6 Th* foolish man win —s food with fruitless labour; that food—\nHe I fs eep de sak noth te rut sru tt yh' fries nh da ,ll nb oe mh ais nr tu oin. love hi_m. Ail guilt is\nlie who eats with no partaker.\n—-7 The ploughshare ploughing makes the food that feeds us, and\nwith its feet cuts through the path it follows.\n, Betterthespeakingthan thesilentBrahman : theliberalfriend\noutvalues him who gives not.\ng with onefoothathfar outrunthebiped, and thetwo-footed\ncatches the three-footed.\nFour-footed creatures come when bi,peds call t.hem, and, stand,\nandlook where five aremet together.\n9 The hands are both alike: their labour differs. The yield of\nsister nillch-kirie is unequal.\nTwinsevendifferintheirstrengthandvigour\n:\ntwo, even kins-\nmen, differin their bounty.\nHYMN CXVIII. -Agin.\nAgsti, refulgent amongmen thou slayest thedevouring fiend,\nBright Ruler in thine own abode,\nv xhou springest up when worshipped well : the drops of butter\nare thyjoy\nWhen ladles are brought near to thee.\nHonoured with gifts heshinesafar, Agni adorable with song:\n;?\nThe drippingladle balmshis face.\n6 Shallbe hisruin; with referencetostanza T.\n7 Activeexertion la necessary for success. The speaking Brahman: the\npriest wbodulydischargesthetask of refutation for which he is engaged.\n‘A Brahman expounding(theVeda)/-Wilson.\n3 Thevictoryisnotalwaystheirswhoappear tobe more richly endowed\nthan others. Be with ovefoot: tkapdd . the Sun appears to be meant,\nelsewherecalledAja-Ekap&d. SeeVI. 50. 14. Thebipedisman. Thethree-\nfoot'd'isthe oldman whowalkswith a Btaff and is overtaken by one who\n*cb>esnotrequiresuch assistance Four-footedcreatures: dogs. Five several\nmentogether the dogs beingatfirst uncertain whether their masters are\namongthemor; not. PahHYk,setsof fire, is apparentlyused with reference\nto theone,two,three, andfour in the precedingcompound words, Others\nexplainpahhtfhby‘steps’ or‘traces/\nl have adopted the explanation given by the author* of the Siebmzig\nJ.irder\n9 Ah menshouldbeliberal ; hut we must not expect all to be equally\ngenerous —\nTnehymnhaabeen translatedbyDr.Muir, 0. 3. Testis,V.pp, 431 433."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1205,
            "content": "—\n: :\nHYMN 119.] THE.MG VEDA. 563\n4 Agni with honey in his mouth, honoured with gifts, is balmed\nwith oil,\nRefulgent in his wealth of light.\n5 Praised by our hymns thou kindlestthee, Oblation-bearer, for\nthe Gods\n:\nAs such do mortals call on thee.\n6 To that Immortal Agni pay worship with oil, ye mortalmen,\nLord of the house, whomnone deceive.\n7 0 Agni, burn the R&ksliasas with thine unconquerable flame\n:\nShine guardian of Eternal Law.\n8 So, Agni, with thy glowing face burnfierce against thefemale\nfiends,\nShining amongUmkshayas.\n9 Urukshayas have kindled thee, Oblation-bearer, thee, with\nhymns, ,\nBest Worshipper among mankind.\nHYMN CXIX. Indra.\nThis, even this was my resolve, to win a cow, to win a steed\n:\nHave I not drunk of Soma juice1\n2 Like violent gusts of wind the draughts that I have drunk\nhave lifted me\n:\nHave I not drunk of Soma juice?\n3 The draughts I drank have borne me up, as fleet-foot horses\ndraw a car\n:\nHave I not drunk of Soma juice?\n4 The hymn hath reached me, like a cow who lows to meet her*\ndarling calf\nHave I not drunk of Soma juice? .\n5 As a wright bends a chariot-seatso roundmy heartI bend the\nhymn\nHave I not drunk of Somajuice?\n6 Not as a mote within the eye count the Five Tribes of man\nwith me\n:\nHave I not drunk ofSoma juice ?\nB Urukshayas : membersofthe Rishfsfamily.\nTheRishiisIndrahimselfinthe form ofLava. He describes his eensa*\ntionaafterdrinking Somajuice. ButseeBergaigne,I. 151,who considersit\ntobe theutteranceofan exhilaratedmortal.\n1 Towina cow: tostrengthenand inspirit himself for battle,and soto\nwitk kineand horsesforhis worshippers.\nof6 my8& ey ya en /a —ex Wp il la si on ns .differently Thefivecasteshavenoteludedtheglance"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1206,
            "content": ": : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n7 Theheavensandearththemselveshave notgrown equal toone\nhalfofme\nHave I not drunk of Soma juice?\n8 Iinmy grandeur have surpassed the heavens and all this\nspacious earth\n:\nHave I not drunk of Soma juice?\n9 A Hh aa ve! Ith nis otsp da rc ui no kus oe fa Sr oth mawi jl ul iI ced ?eposit either here or there :\n10 In one short moment will I smite the earth in fury here or\nthere\nHave I not drunk of Soma juice?\n11 One of my£anksis in the sky; I let the other trail below\n:\nHave I not drunk of Somajuice?\n12 I, greatest of the Mighty Ones, am lifted to the firmament\nHave I not drunk of Soma juice1\n13 1 seek the worshipper’s abode oblation-bearer to the Gods\nHave I notdrunk\nofSomajuice;\n?\n:\nHYMN GXX.\nIndra.\nIn alltheworldsThatwasthe BestandHighestwhencesprang\ntheMighty Gods, of splendid valour.\nAs soon asbora he overcomes hisfoemen, heinwhom all who\nlend him aid arejoyful.\n2 Grownmightyin his strength, with ample vigour, heas a foe\nstrikes fear into the D£sa,\nEager to winthe breathing and the breathless. All san°g thy\npraiseat banquet and oblation.\n3 All concentrate on thee theirmental vigour, what time these\ntwice or thrice, are thine assistants. a 1\n11 Cp. III.32.11.\naM sl P3 rofT .h“ LuB d* wa in .gza si us ggd ei s® to suI st h- oulT dh ,e perw ho ar pd s,g benU rei as dun ii nn st te el al di .gibl Oe b, laa tn iod n-g br ei ah rc em r-,\nIndra, inhisexcitement,fanciesthatheisAgni. Prof. Grassmann, whowith\nhD ir s. AM pu pi er, ndc io xns ai sde ars frg ar gih m6 ent to fm re oa mn ase hr yv man nt to or Ami gn ni i.ster, places the stanza in\n<STh Xe °hy Smn ah ^as tbe oen St sra ?nsl ^at 'ed aab dy b?D :r ^. ^M fui fr, y0 m. nS. sT /ext rs, oV m. tp.h9 e1\nJ,\niby Udth ae\nmeaa ‘°S> adding toSfiyana,Brahmatheoriginalcause of the\nuniverse*\ntheZf aci noa\nr\ndg re\ne\ntcr\nht\net ro\nbe\nrw\na\neadj\nti\nht\nn lg e.\nsP sro ;Sf.\ne te\nhL eGu rd\naa\nnw\ns\nii\ns\nmg\nm aa\ntm\nn\nea nk a,e ns\ndWo\nts\nr\nha\nt\nes\ne\n—n\nr\nii\nb nu\naa\nc\nnn\nh\nimi mn af tmi enit\nK\nwi\ni\nov\ng\nre\nv\nl.\ne\nddaS .dsn Ti hh em ba ry eath he\n-\nTwicejrthnce:withreference,f pa ed ro hr aa pt si ,on t/ othW eil ts ho rn e.\ne\ndaT ih le yse l: ibaS tio om nsa\n.\nj3u Wic he as t."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1207,
            "content": "; ; : ;.\nnruN 120.] tee rigVeda. 565\nBlend what is sweeter than the sweet with sweetness win\n:\nquickly with our meaththat meath in battle.\n4 Therefore in thee too, thouwho winnest riches, at every ban-\nquet are the sages joyful.\nWithmightier power, Bold God, extend thy firmness : let not\nmalignant Yatudhanas harm thee.\n5 Proudly we put our trust in thee in battles, when we behold\ngreat wealth the prize of combat.\nI with my words impel thy weapons onward, and' sharpen\nwith my prayer thy vital vigour.\n6 Worthyof praises, many-shaped, most skilful, paostenergetic,\nAptya ofthe Aptyas\n:\nHe with hismight destroys the seven Danus, subduing many\nwho were deemed his equals.\n.\n7 Thou in that house which thy protection gitardeth bestowest\nwealth, the higher and the lower.\nThou stablishest the twomuch-wandering Mothers, and bring-\nest many deeds to their completion.\n8 Brihaddiva, the foremost of light-winners, repeats these holy\nprayers, this strength to Indva.\nHe rules the great self-luminous fold of cattle, and all the\ndoors of light hath he thrown open.\n9 Thus hath Brihaddiva, the great Atharvan, spoken to Indra\nas himself in person.\nThe spotless Sisters, they who are his Mothers, with power\nexalt him andimpel him onward.\nis sweeter than the—*sweet thine own celestial Soma. Sftyana explains the\nstanzadifferently; ‘Totheeall(worshippers) offeradoration,whetherthose\npropitiatorshetwo orthree. Combinethat w —hichissweeterthanthesweet\nwithsweetness,unitethathoney withhoney,’ Wilson. The ‘twoorthree/\naccordingto S&yana, arethesaerificerandhiswifeand child, and thesecond\nhalf of the stanzacontains areferencetothepropagation of children,\n6 Aptya ; thename of a class of—deities, of whichTritaAptyaisthe chief\n‘Most accessibleoftheaccessible.’ Wilson. Thefirstlineiswithoutaverb\n:\nI praisehim, maybe understood. Ednas aclassof demons.\n7 Thehigherandthelower: heavenlyandearthly. Mothers: HeavenanclEarth.\n8 Foremost of light-winners according to S&yana, *chief of Rishis, and\nenjoyer of heaven, or servant of Aditya, the Sun, Indra/ Fold of cattle\ntheregion of light.\n—\n9 The great Atharvan: ‘the great priest/ Grassm&nn. As himself: he\nidentifies himself withthe God whom heworships. Thespotless Sisters, they\ntoho arehis Mothers; accordingtoS&yana,thesisterriverB whichabideinthe\nmother earth. YonRothadopts the reading of Atharva-veda V. 2. 9, mdta-\nrlsvari,insteadof themdtaribhvarih of the'text. Heaven andEarth appear\nto be intended."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1208,
            "content": ": : : : ::\n566 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\nHYMN CXXI.\nKa.\nI# the beginning rose Hiranyagarbha, bom Only Lord of all\ncreatedbeings.\nHe fixed and holdetb up this earth and heaven, What God\nshall we adore with our oblation?\n2 Giverof vital breath, ofpower and vigour,he whosecommand-\nments allthe Gods acknowledge\n:\nThe Lord ofdeath, whose shade is life immortal. What God,\nshallwe adore with our oblation?\n3 Who byhi3 grandeur hath become Sole Ruler of all the\nmovingworld that breathes and slumbers\n;\nHe whois Lordof men and Lord of cattle. What God shall\nwe adore with our oblation?\n4 His,throughhis might, are these snow-covered mountains,\nand men call seaand Basilhis possession :\nHis arms are these, his are these heavenly regions. What God\nshall we adore with our oblation?\n5 By him the heavens are strong and earth is stedfast, by him\nlight’s realmand sky-vault are supported :\nBy himthe regions in mid-air were measured. What God\nshall weadore with ouroblatiou1\n6 To him, supported by his help, two armies embattled look\nwhiletremblingin their spirit,\nWhen over them the risen Sun is shining. What God shallwe\nadore with ouroblation ?\n7 What time the mighty waters came, containing the universal\ngerm, producing Agni,\nThence sprang the Gods’ one spirit into being. What God\nshall weadore with our oblation ?\nI Ka,kab, (quis)meaningWho ?thatis, theUnknown God,has beenapplied\na nametoPrajApati,andtootherGods,fromaforcedinterpretationofthe\n[IQterrogativepronounwhichoccursintherefrainof eachverseofthe hymn.\n| the1 SH ui nr -a gn odya 1g aa srb thh ea greli at ter pa ol wly er(t oh fe thg eol und i- vg ee rr sm e,; f' r* os mou wr hc ie chof allgo ol td he en- rl pig oh wt er; s*\nandexistences,divineaudearthly, are derived, a conception which is the\nnearestapp—roach tfl?thelatermysticalconception of Brahma, the creator of\nth We orw sor hl id p.* weW Kal ali ts h. eW GoM dt wG ito hd; ouk rd os bn lam tid of no .t *iy Aa c; cc ou ri did neo g? toAc Lc uo dr wd ii gn ,gt to heot mh ee ar ns\n-\ningis*WhatotherGodthanPraj&pafcishallwe worship ?*\nlit^ eraB lr le y,ath oe fs qa un ad drs ulu pm eb der as ndt bh ia pet di .s ’ofGodsandmen. Ofmenand , cattle\n*Sea air. Jtasl themythicalriverofthefirmament. Gf. X, 108. 1.\nt.ex* tgT whe en 3ce t; wof sr uo pm ert fh le uoc uo smi syn lg lao bf let sh ,e aw na dte ir ss a. uspO in cie ous sp .irit; 6!cah\nt\none, in the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1209,
            "content": ": *\n'&TXX TBE RIGVEDA. Ml\n122.]\n8 He in his might surveyed the floods containing productive\nforce and generating Worship.\nHe is the God of gods, and none beside him. What Godshall\nwe adorewith our oblation ?\n10 9 Ne’er may he harm us who is earth’s Begetter, nor he whose\nlaws are sure, the heavens’ Creator,\nHe who broughtforth the great and lucid waters. What God\nshall we adore with our oblation%\nPrajkpati ! thou only comprehendest all these created things,\nand nonebeside thee.\nGrantus our hearts’ desire when we invoke thee : may we\nhave store ofriches in possession.\nHYMN CXXIL\nAgni.\nI praise the God of wondrous might like Indra, the lovely\npleasant Guest whom all must welcome.\nMay Agni, Priest and Master of the household, give hero\nstrength and all-sustainingriches.\n2 0 Agni, graciously accept this song of mine, thou passing\nwise who knowest every ordinance.\nEnwrapped in holy oil further thecourse of prayer : the Gods\nbestow according to thy holy law.\n3 Immortal, wandering round the seven stations, give, a liberal\nGiver, to the pious worshipper,\nWealth, Agni, with brave sonsandreadyforhisuse : welcome\nthe man who comes with fuel unto thee.\n4 The seven who bring oblations worship th^e, the Strong, the\nfirst, the Great Chief Priest, Ensign of sacrifice.\nThe oil-andinted Bull, Agni who hears, who sends as God full\nhero strength to him who freely gives.\n8 Gen&'&ting Worship: 1givingbirth tosacrifice.*—Wilson.\n10 Prajdpati Lord of life, creatures or creation. Savitar ihe SunGod\nis bo calledin IV. 58. 2, and Soma Pavam&oain IX. 5. 9. Prajdpati Whsafter-\nwards thenameofaseparate God.thebestower of progeny and ca»tle, and\nsometimesinvokedas theCreator.\nbyT Ph re ofh .v Mm an xh Ma us llb ee re ,n At .ra Sn ,sl La it te ,,d pb .y 5D 6r 9. ,aM nui dr, Ve0 di8 o. fT fe yx nt fs a, s.IV P, o, rtpp.\nI.\n1 (6, Sac1 r7 ed}\n\\ BooksoftheEast,XXXII)p. 1.; by Mr. Wallis, Cosmology of the Itiyved*,,\n\\\nS\nPp hi5 l0 of s; ophb iy scP hr eof H. yP met ne mrso An u, sa dy em rn Rn if gr -o um n. dt Ah te kR ai rg vr ae -d va ed; aa ~n 8d anb ky itD dr ,. p.L. 2-R kcherm-.n,\n^ 1 Like Indra; vdsvmna: liketheVas«,orchief Vasu. ‘Likethesun.’—\nWilson. Riches: orviands.\nJ 3 Sevenstations: regionsof the universe, accordingtoS&yana,\nI| 4 Theseven; the priests."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1210,
            "content": ": ;\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOH X\n5 First messenger art then, meet for election drink thou thy\n:\nfill invited to the Amrit.\nThe Maiucs in the votary’s house adorned thee; with lauds\nthe Bhrigusgave thee light and glory.\nf> Milking the teeming Cow forall-sustaining food, 0 Wise One,\nfor the worship-loving worshipper,\nThou, Agoi, dropping oil, thrice lighting works of Law, show-\nest thy wisdom circling home and sacrifice.\n7 They who at flushing of this dawn appointed thee their mes-\nsenger, these men have paid thee reverence.\nCods strengthened thee fnr work that mustbe glorified,Agni,\nwhile theymade butter pure for sacrifice.\na\n8 Arrangers in oursynods, Agni, while they sang, Yasishtha’s\nsons have called thee down, the Potent One.\nMaintain the growth of wealth wirh men who sacrifice. Ye\nGods, preserve us with your blessings evermore.\nHYMN\nCXXIII. Vena.\nSee, Vena, born in light, hath driven hither, on chariotof the\nair, the Calves of Pri ni.\nSingers with hymns caress him as an infant there where the\nwaters and the suuhghtmingle.\n2 Yena draws up his wave fromout the ocean : mist-born, the\nfair one’s back is made apparent.\nBrightly he shone aloft on Order’s summit : the hosts san<*\nglory to their common birthplace.\nFull many, lowing to theirjoint-possession, dwelling together\nstood the Darling’s Mothers.\nAscending to the lofty height of Order, the bawds of singers\nsip the sweets of Amrit.\nI (rods: heremeaningpriests. *Verify thereare two kindsof gods; for\nnitteed,thegodsare thegods,and theBr&himunswhohavestudied andteach\nijy 1i 1y\n.\nrJ Su or De yare the human gods’ (Stta ,patia-BrdJmana, II. 2. 2. t> ; S.B. J iE.\n' m)*«!(;vingSun’ of I.83. 5, Kdnta or ‘thebeloved,’ issaidbythe\n(•'Wiolias!'. this place. to be mu.dhyatth6.no devah ‘the God of the middle\nJemou. He is, apparently, the Sun as he risesinthemiatanddew of the\nmorning.\n1 Pmni ,theSpeckled Cow,isthevariegatedcloud,andherCalves arethe\nmassesof mistwhichtheSun dispels.\n2 Ocean theseaof air. On Order'ssummit: ‘onthesummitof nature’s\nc oo ru dr es re s—Wal Wl -i rs. er-O hr tde Hr , uh nie vr ee rsa en .d i Cn omt mhe onfo bl il ro tw hi pn lag ces :tan tz ha e, skis y.Kosmos, the\njTJa' rh'[ n’ g.$Mothers t‘ h* e' Dac wh nil sd ,w oh ri^ tc hh et Wh ae ty erh sa ,ve orp tr ho edu sc oe ngd s.in common. Tht"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1211,
            "content": "; : : ;\nHYMyr 123.] THE RIGVEDA,\n4- Knowing his form, the sages yearned to*meet him : theyhave\n. come nigh to hear the wild Bull's bellow.\nPerformingsacrifice theyreachedtheriver\n:\nfortheGandbarva\nfound the immortal waters.\n5 The Apsaras, the Lady, sweetly smiling, supports her Lover\nin subliinest heaven.\nIn his Friend's dwelling as a Friend he wanders: he, Vena,\nrests him on his golden pinion.\n6 They gaze on thee with longing in their spirit, ason a strong-\nwinged bird that mounteth sky-ward\n;\nOn thee with wings of gold,. Varana's envoy, the Bird that\n.\nhasteneth to the home of Yama.\n7 Erect, to heaven hath the Gandbarva mounted, pointing at\nus his many-coloured weapons;\nClad in sweet raiment beautiful to look on, for he, as light,\nproduceth forms that please us.\n8 When as a spark he cometh near the ocean, still looking with\na vulture’s eye to heaven,\nHis lustre, joying in its own bright splendour, maketh dear\nglories in the lowest region.\n4 The wild Bull's bellow; the sound made by the dropping Soma juice.\nThe Gandharva Vena,therisingSun.\n5 TheApsaras thecelestialnymphwho symbolizesthewatersof heaven.\nHerLover Vena, the Gandharva, Silrya. ‘Ourhymn illustrntes the two-,\nsensesin which thesunisbrought, into connectionwiththe waters\n;\nfirst, as\npenetrating withhisbeamsthewaterymassesof the sky, andsecondly iu the-\nassimilation ofhislighttothewaters, as somaorambrosia,whencethedepths\nof lightbecometheaerialocean. This —associationisstereotypedinthe union\nof the GandharvasandtheApsarases.’ Wallis. His Friend's dwelling: the\nmansionof hisfatherHeaven.\n6 Varuna'senvoy thesettingsun. Cf. VII. 87. 6. Yama: Cf. X. 14. 7.\nap7 laC yl oa nd ti hn esw wee ot rdrai gm ae nn dt h: dsu or ca cb urM rf is nw gee it n, tm ha ey, na as mM er. GaWa nl dl hi as rvc aon .jec St tu are ns z, asbe 1\nand 8 merely recapitulate,, as Ludwig observes, the deeds of SOrya,first as\nthelightof livingmenandthen as the illuminator of theregions belowthe\nearth.\nThehymn isone of theobscurestinthewhole Rigveda. Mahldharainter-\ntp Sr ie it Hs aV me an ka esby itc [h Va en nd ar ]a , eqt uh ie vaM lo eo nn t. toW ti hl eso tn hus nay ds er: -c‘ lT oh ue dg 'ene Vra ol npu Rr op to hr ,t wof ht ob me\nGrassmann follows, identifiesVena GandharvawiththeRainbow. According\nto LudwigVenaistheMoon and theGandharva is theSun. Mr. Wallishas\ntranslated and explainedthe hymn inhis Cpsmology of the Rigveda , pp. 34 ff.\nForadifferent interpretation see Hillebrandt, V, Id I. 43i)ff. and Ludwig’s\ncriticisms the—reon (UeberdieneuestewArbeiten, u:s, p. 109f). See ..al.so.Ber-\ngftigne, II. 38 40. , ' . . . ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1212,
            "content": ": : ; : : : : ;\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOH X\n570\n|\nHYMN CXX1V. Agni, Etc, 4\nCome to this sacrifice of ours, 0 Agni, threefold, with seven J\nthreads and five divisions. “ ;]'\nBe our oblation-bearer and preceder; thou hast lain long\nenough in during darkness.\n2 I come a God foreseeing from the godless to immortality by\nsecret pathways,\nWhile I, ungracious one, desertthe gracious, leave mine own\nfriends and seek the kin of strangers.\n3 I, looking to the guest of other lineage, have founded manya\nrule of Law and Order.\nI bid far^vell to the Great God, the Father, and, for neglect,\nobtain my share of worship.\n4 I tarried many a year within this altar: I leave tbe Father,\nfor my choice is Indra,\nAway pass Agni,Varuna, andSoma. Ruleeverchanges : this\n1 come to favour.\n5 These Asuras have lost their powers of magic. But thou, 0\nVaruna, if thou dost love me,\n0 King, discerning truth and right from falsehood, come and\nbe Lord and Ruler of my kingdom.\n6 Here is the light of heaven, here all is lovely; here there is\nradiance, here is air’s wide region.\nLet us two slaughter Vritra, Forth, 0 Soma 1 Thou art obla~\ntiou : we therewith will serve thee.\n1 Indraspeaks. Threefold: performedwiththreedailylibationB orcom*,\n;\nprisingthep&Jcayajfla, thekaviryajna, andthe somagajha the simpledomes-\n}\ntic oblation, the oblation of clarified butter, etc,, and*the offeringof Soma\njuice. Withseventhreads; conducted bythe sevenchief priests. Withfive\ndivisions withfiveoblations, orregulatedby the Yajam&na and fourof the\nchi 2ef A<p nri ies st ps e, aka sc .cord Hi eng ht ao sS Mft bya Vn aa. runaT ,he .. ... :. >,:! :•<. :1 ‘. i/.err Da en it\nty, whose\npower waswaning, aud associated himstui wun incira who nas superseded\nthat God. From thegodless from Varuni whoin the decline of hissupre-\nmacy has—neglected Agniandsacrifice. Sdyana interprets the first linedif-\nferently: ‘From beingnodivinity I issue a divinity from the cave atthe\nsolicicafcion(of thegods),and being manifest I attain immortality/—Wilson.\nSeekthekinofstrangers cometobeborn and domesticatedin.a new place,\nwith Indra.\n3 Ofotherlineage oftheotherbranch terrestrialfire. Father VarunA\n4 Withinthis altar or, close to this ; Varuna. This; the supremacy of\nIndra.\n5 Indraspeaks. TheseAsuras: Agni, Varuna, and Soma. Corns and be\nLord IndraoffersVarunaspiritualandmoral sovereignty as compensation\nforids lossof generalsupremacy.\n6 Letustwo theexhortation is addressed by Indra to Soma, Vritra:\nregardedaainleaguewith Varuna, thefiendishenemyintheahapeof Varuna.\n0 ' •"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1213,
            "content": ": :\nHYMN 125.] TEE RIGVEDA. 571\n7 The Sage hath fixed his form by wisdom in the heavens : Va-\nruna with no violence let the wafcex*s flow.\nLike women-folk, the floods that bring prosperity have caught\nhis hue and colour as they gleamed and shone.\n8 These wait upon his loftiest power and vigour he dwells in\n:\nthese who triumph in their Godhead\n;\nAnd they, like people who elect their ruler, have in abhor-\nrence turned away from Yritra.\n9 They call him Swan, the abhorrentfloods’Companion, moving\nin friendship with celestial Waters.\nThe poets in their thought have looked on Indra swiftly ap-\nproaching when Anushfcup calls him. ^\nHYMN CXXY. V&k.\n^\nI travel with the Rudras and the Yasus, with the Adityas\nand All-Gods I wander.\nI hold aloft both Yaruna and Mitra, Indra and Agni, and the\nPair of Asvins.\n2 I cherish and sustain high-swelling Soma, and TvashtarIsup-\nport, Pusban, and Bhaga.\nI load with wealth the zealous sacrifioer who pours the juice\nand oflers his oblation.\n3\\l am the Queen, thegatherer-upof treasures,most thoughtful,\nfirst of those who merit worship.\nThus Gods have stablished me in many places with many\nhomes to enter aud abide in. —\n4 Through me alone all eat the food that feeds them, each\nman who sees, breathes, hears the word outspoken.\nThey know it*not, but yet they dwe All beside me. Hear, one\nand all, the truth as I declare it\n7 TheSage perhapsSoma,inanswerto Indra’s appeal ; Mitra, according\nto S&yana.\n8 Hisloftiestpower: thesupreme mi^ght of Indra.\n9 Thisstanzaappearstohavebeenaddedon accountof the occurrence of\nthewordbibhatsUndm (abhorrenfcium) which seems to connect it with^the\npreceding stanza where MbhaUtivaK (abhorrentea) occurs. Swan : hansa\nSfiryatheSun-Godis sometimessocalled. Cf. IV. 40. 5. Swiftlyapproach-\ni tong bw ehe pn rA ain su es dht wu ip thcal als nh Ai nm us: he to ur bht .h 'e—c -e Wa is le sl oe ns .slym Oro ,vi ‘n dg anI cn id nr ga, tw heho Ani ua sw ho tr ut ph ,y\naccordingtoProf. MaxMuller's interpretation.\nM. Bergaigneha^translatedand explained this hymn. See La Reltgwn\nV4dique, III. pp. 145—149. SeealsoBook IV. 42, for hints of the rivalry\nbetween Varunaand Indra.\nV&kisSpeechpersonified,theWord, the first creation and renreeentntive\nof Spirit, and themeans of communication between men aud Qoda, Here\nshe issaid to be the daughter of theRishlAmbhriuo,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1214,
            "content": "—\n: ,\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n5 I, verily, myself announce and utter the word that Gods and\nmen alike shall welcome,\nI make the man I love exceeding mighty, make him a sage, a\nEishi, and a Brahman.\n6 I bend the bow for Rudra that his arrow may strike and slay\nthe hater of devotion.\nI rouse and order battle for the people, and Ihave penetrated\nEarth and Heaven.\n7(On theworld’s summit I bring forth the Father : my home is\nin the waters, in the ocean.\nThence I extend o’er all existing creatures, and touch even\nyonder heaven with tny forehead.\n8 I breathe a strong breath likethewindandtempest, thewhile\nI hold together all existence.\nBeyond this wide earth andbeyond theheavensIhavebecome\nso mighty in my grandeur.^\nHYMN CXXYI.\n* Visvedevas,\nNo peril, no severe distress, ye Gods, affects the mortal man\nWhom Aryaman and Mitralead, and Varuna, of one accord,\nbeyond his foes.\n2 This very thing do we desire, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman,\n• Whereby ye guard the mortalmanfromsoredistress, andlead\nhim safe beyond his foes.\n3‘ These are, each one, our present helps, Varuna, Mitra, Arya-\nman,\nBest leaders, best'deliverers to lead us on and bear us safe\nbeyond ourfoes.\n7 TheFather Heaven or Sky, produced from V&k identified with Para-\nthesupremeanduniversalSoul.\nbyT th he eh auy tm hn orl sia os fbe te hen St ir ea hn es nl za it ged Lib ey deC ro ;le bb yroo Pk re o, f.M Pi es tc ee rl sl oa nn ,eou Hs yE ms ns say fs r, oI. m3 t2 he;\nlligvcda (Bombay Sanskrit Series); and by Prof, Whitney, Notes to Cole-\nbiooke’sEssayon the Vedas,p. 113.\nMr. Wallis observes: ‘Vac, ‘Speech’ is celebrated alone in two whole\nhymns, X. 71. and X. 125., of which the former shows that the primary\napplicationof the name was to the voice of the hymn, the means of com-\nmunication between heaven and earth at the sacrifice. The other hymn\nillustrates the constant assimilation of the varied phenomenaof nature to\nrt ehe aws aa kc iri nf gic oe f; la il fl eat tha dt awh na ,s wa itv hoi sc oe ngi sn on fat ru er je o, icit nh ge ot vh eu rnd te hr eo nf ewthe bis rt to hr om f,t th he\ne\nworld, are embodied in this V&c inthesamewayasitis’saidof Brihaspati,\nthatheembracesallthings thatare. Itisthusanother expression for that\nideaof the unityof the world, which we have seen crowning themystical\nspeculationsof allthemoreabstracthymnsof the collection.’ Cosmologyof\nt 4h 7e 3R —ig 4v 8e 0d ;a , ap n. d8 M5. axS Me ue lla el rs ,o TW he ebe Vr e, ddV n& tc au Pn hd iloA so oy pho yg ,, 14In 4d -i 1s 4c 7he .Studien IX."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1215,
            "content": ":: :\nHYMN 127.] THE RIGYEDA . 573\n4 Ye compass round and guard each man, Vanina, Mitra, Arya-\nman\n:\nIn your dear keeping may we be, ye who are excellent as\nguides beyond our foes.\n—\n5 Idityas are beyond all foes, Vanina, Mitra, Aryaman\n:\nStrong Rudra with the Marut host, Indra, Agni let us call for\n.weal beyond our foes.\n6 These lead us safely over all, Vanina, Mitra, Aryaman,\nThese who are Kings of living men, overalltroublesfaraway\nbeyond our foes.\n7 May they^give bliss to aid us well, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman\n:\nMay the Adityas, when we pray, grant us wide shelter and\ndefence beyond our foes.\n8 As in this place, 0 Holy Ones, ye Vasus freed even the-Gauri\nwhen her feet were fettered,\nSo free us now from trouble and affliction : and let our life be\nlengthened still, 0 Agni.\nHYMN CXXVII. Night.\nWith all her eyes the Goddess Night looks forth approaching\nmany a spot\nShe hath put all her glories on.\n2 Immortal, she hath filled the waste, the Goddess hath filled\nheight and depth\n:\nShe conquers darkness with her light.\n3 The Goddess as she comes hath set the Dawn her Sisterinher\nplace\nAnd thenthe clarkness vanishes.\n4 So favourusthisnight, 0thouwhosepathways we havevisited\nAs birds their nest upon thetree.\n5 The villagers have sought their homes, and all that walks\nand all that flies,\nEven the falcons fain for prey.\n6 Keep offthe she-wolf and the wolf 0 frrmya, keep the thief\n;\naway\nEasy be thou for us to pass.\n8 Gaurt: the wild-cow, the female of the Gaura or Bos Gaurus. The\nVasus aresaidtohave*deliveredherfrom Visv&vasutheGandharva,\n—\n2 Thewaste: theexpanded(firmament).’ Wilson.\n<5 ftfmyd: *undulating9 ; pfight. ' • • ••"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1216,
            "content": "; ;\n574 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X,\n7 Clearly hath she come nigh to me who decks the dark with\nrichest hues\n0 Morning, cancel it like debts.\nS These have I brought to thee like kine. 0 Jtfigbt, thou Child\nof Heaven, accept\nThis laud as fur a conqueror.\n3\nHYMN CXXVIII.\nVisvedevas.\n4 Letme winglory, Agni, inourbattles : enkindling thee, may\nwe support our bodies.\nMay the four regions bend and bow before me : with thee for\nguardiammay we win in combat.\n^ May all the Gods be on my side inbattle, the Maruts led by\nludra, Vishnu, Agni.\nMine be the middle air's extended region, and may the wind\nblow favouring thesemy wishes.\nMay the Gods grant me riches ; may the blessing and invoca-\ntion ofthe Gods assist me.\nforemostin fightbethedivineInvokers : may we, unwounded\nhave brave heroes round us.\nFor me letthem present allmineoblations, andlet my mind's\nintention be accomplished.\nMay I beguiltless of theleasttransgression : and, all yeGods\ndo ye combine to bless us. '\n5 Ye acs qk uid tiv yi on ue rsE ex lp va en sse ls ik, eg hr ea rn ot esu .s freedom : here, all Jve Gods\n7\nLe tt heus fon eo ,t Kl ios ne go Su or mc ahildren or our bodies ; let us not benefit\n!\n6 “SibiSpn? « .. our\nLet thet nh -es te hot uh gy htfo wes hotu \\r yn atb chac ak ta hn od mese be ek rt uh ie ni er d.houses and let\n8 Tktzt verses.\nSriS\nVS\n$Sp;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1217,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 129.J THE R1GVEDA . 575\n7 Lord of the world, Creator of creators the saviour God who\n:\novercomes the foeman.\nMay Gods, Brihaspati, both Asvins shelter from ill this sacri-\nfice and sacrificer.\n8 Foodful, and much-invoked, at this our calling maythe great\nBull vouchsafe us wide protection.\nLord ofBay Coursers, Indra, bless our children : harm us not,\ngive us not as prey to others.\n9 Let those who are our foemen stay afar from us with Indra\n:\nand with Agni we will drivethem off.\nVasus, Adityas, Rudrashave exalted me, made me far-reach-\ning, mighty, thinker, sovran lord. ^\nHYMN CXXIX.\nCreation.\nTfien was not non-existent nor existent there was no realm\n:\nof air, no sky beyond it.\nWhat covered in, and where? and what gave shelter? Was\nwater there, unfathomed depth of water?\n2 Death was not then, nor was there aught immortal : no sign\nwas there, the day's and night's divider.\nThat One Thing, breathless, breathedby its own nature : apart\nfrom it was nothing whatsoever.\n3 Darkness there was : at first concealed in darkness this All\nwas indiscriminatedchaos.\nAll that existed then was void and formless by the great\n:\npower ofWarmth was bom that Unit.\ni Thereafter rose Desire in the beginning, Desire, the primal\nseed and gprm ofSpirit.\nSages who searched with their heart's thought discovered the\nexistent's kinshipin the non-existent.\n7 After Creatorofcreators S&vanasupplies tamdevamstaumi ‘that God I\n,\npraise.’ Indraor Suvitaris intended,\n8 Thegreat Ball Indra.\n1 Then: inthebeginning. Non-existent: dsat thatdoes notyetactually\nexiBt, butwhich hasinitselfthe latent potentialityofexistence. *There was\nacertain unapparentcondition/ says an Indian Commentator, 4which, from\ntheabsenceor distinctness, wasnot an ‘entity/ while from its being the\ninstrumentofthe world’s production, itwasnota *non-entity.’ ’\n2 That One 'Thing thesingleprimordial substance,the unit out of which\n.*\nthe universe wasdeveloped. Cp. I. 164. 6 and 46.\n3 Warmth : Prof. Wilson, followingS3.yana,translates tdpasah by1austeri-\nty.’ meaningthecontemplationof thethings that were to be created. M.\nBurnouf,in LaSciencedes Religions, pp. 207ff, hasshown how warmthwag\nregardedbytheAryas as the principleexplainingmovement,life, andthought.\n4 Desire KArna, Eros, or Love. Sages: anpientRiflbis."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1218,
            "content": ": : : : ; :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n5 Transversely was their severing line extended: what was\nabove it then, and what below it?\nThere werebegetters, thereweremightyforces, freeaction here\nand energy up yonder.\n6 Whoverily knows and who can here declareit, whence it was\nbornand whence comes this creation?\nThe Gods are laterthan this world’s production. Who knows\nthen whence itfirstcame into being1\n7 He, the first origin of this creation,whether heformeditall or\ndid not formit,\nWhose eye controls this world in highest heaven, he verily\nknows it,, or perhaps he knows not.\nHYMN CXXX.\nCreation.\nThe sacrifice drawn out with threads on e—very side, stretched\nby a hundred sacred ministers and one,\nThis do these Fathers weave who hitherward are come they\n:\nsitbeside the warp and cry, Weave forth, weave back.\n2 The Man extends it and the Man unbinds it : even to this\nvault of heaven hathhe outspun it.\nThese pegs are fastened to theseat of worship : they made\ntheSama-hymns their weaving-shuttles.\n3 What were the rule, the order and the model1 Whatwere\nthewooden fenderand the butter?\nWhat were the hymn, the chant, the recitation, when to the\nGod all Deitiespaid worship ?\n5 Line alinedrawnbytheancientRishistomakeadivisionbetweenthe\nupperworldandthelower,and to bring duality out of unity. Begetters:\ntheFathers may be meant. Free action the happiness of the Fathers.\nThestanzaisobscure,anditsconnexionwith stanza4isnotobvious. Anin-\nterveningstanzamay,perhaps, havebeenlost.\nThehymn hasbeentranslatedby Colebrooke, Miscellaneous Essays, I. pp.\n33,34 byDr. Muir, 0.S. Texts,V. 356, 357 bytheauthors of theSiebeyi-\nz oi fg tL hi eed m; e ar n,yand Cob my meMr n. taW tal ol ri ss, oC nos tm ho il sog hy yto ff mthe a; rR eig Pv re od fa e, sspp o. r5 W9 hf if. tn* eT yhe inlat te hs et\nJournalofthe AmericanOrientalSociety,vol. xi. p. cix, and Dr. Scherman,\nPhilosophiscbeHymnenausderRig-undAtharva-vedaSnmhitSi,1887.’—-Wallis.\nSeeProf.MaxMuller, HistoryofAncientSanskritLiterature pp. 559—563.\n,\nAsthe s >ubjectof the hymniscreation typifiedandoriginatedbythe mys-\nterious :1 ‘-vr1 '3p. X. 90),>Praj&pati theCreatoris said by S£yana\ntobeth •' y. ]\\ b isYajna(Sacrifice)Praj&pati’a son.\n— S1 &yT ah ne a.sac Anf hi uce n: drs ea dvy cd pnt dm oa nk eoy ma ej ah nah iugth ae ns ia nc dr ei ff ii nc ie tew lh yi lc ah rgc eon ns ut mi bt eu rte .sc Fr ae ta ht ei ro sn :.\nS&yanaexplainspitdrahherebypd1'ihdh ''0*'\".*. HH~',\n2 TheMan thefirstManorV.i.!::: hi-./:.a. A iV\"..; ,i.Ppaj&p&ti,accord-\ningtoS&yana. - -\n3 Woodenfender theenclosingsticksplacedroundthesacrificial fire,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1219,
            "content": ": *\nHYMN 131.] THE RIGVEDA. 577\n4 Closely was G&yatrl conjoined with Agni, and closely Savitar\ncombined with Ushnih.\nBrilliaut with Ukthas, Soma joined Anushtup : Brihaspati's\nvoice by Brihati was aided.\n5 Viraj adhered to Varunaand Mitra : here Trishtupday by day\nwas Indra’s portion*\nJagatientered allthe Godstogether\n:\nsoby thisknowledgemen\nwere raised to Rishis.\n6 So by this knowledge men were raised to Rishis, when ancient\nsacrifice sprang up, our Fathers.\nWith the mind's eye I think that l behold them who first per-\nformed this sacrificial worship.\n7 They whowere versed in ritnal and metre, in hymns andrules,\nwere the Seven Godlike Rishis.\nViewing thepath of those of old, the sageshavetaken up the\nreins like chariot-drivers.\nHYMN CXXXL hklra.\nDrxvb all our enemies away, 0 Indra, the western, mighty\nConqueror, and the eastern.\nHero, drive off our northern foes and southern, that we in thy\nwideshelter may be joyful.\n:2 What then7 As men whose fields are full of barley reap the\nripe corn removing it in order,\nSo bringthe food of thosemen, bringit hither, who went not\nto prepare thegrass for worship.\n,3 Men come not with one horse at sacred seasons ; thus they\nobtain no honour in assemblies.\n/ Sages desiring herds of kine andhorses strengthen the mighty\nIndra for his friendship.\n—\n± Brilliant with Ukthas: ‘gladdening (us) through hymns (ukthas).'\nMuir. Brihaspati'svoice>• because hisduty wastospeakas Priest. Accord-\ningtothe Aitareya-Brdhmana, III. 13, Praj&patl ‘allotted to the deities\ntheir(different) partsinthesacrificeandmetres.' —\n5 Daybyday was Indra’s portion of themid-day (oblation).' Wi—lson,\nfi Ibeholdthem.; or,according to Prof. Ludwig’s interpretation; These\nwiththeeyesofmind, Ithink,beheld them,*\n7 ‘Theseven Rishisherearenotthe4ngirases, butBharadvAja, l£asyapa,\nGTotama, Atri, Vasishfcha, Visv&mitra, and Jamadagni. The knowledge of\ntth he emrit iu nal si as cd rie fr ii —cv ie ngd ,fr ao nm dt mh oe dd ei rv nine prp ir ei se ts sts a; rethe ons la yges imo ir taR ti os rh sis oh fav te hof so ello ww be pd\nprecededthem.’ Ludwig.\nThehymnhas heeu translated by Dr. Muir, 0 S. Texts, III. pp. 278, 279,\nandbyProf. Whitney, Notes to Oolebrooke’s Essayon the Vedas , p. 114.\n3 Withonehorse: itseemstohave been considered undignified and dm*\nreputablefora wealthy man tocometothe sacrificeinaone-horse car ; but\ntheprecisemeaningof thefirstlineissomewhatuncertain*\n37"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1220,
            "content": "57S TEE HYMXE OF [BOOK X.\n' 4 Ye, Asvins, Lords of Splendour, drank full draughts ofgrate-\nful Somajuice,\nAud aided Indrainhis work with Namuchi of Asura birth.\n5 As parents aidason, bothAsvins, Indra,aidedthee with their\nwondrous powers and wisdom.\nWhen thou, with might, hadst drunk the draught that glad-\ndens, Sarasvafei, 0 Maghavan, refreshed thee.\n6 Indraisstrong to:save,,rich in assistance : may he, possessing\nall, be kind and gracious. #\nMay he disperse our foes-and give1us safety,, and may we he\nthe lordsof herovigour.\n% Maywe enjoy his favour, his the- Holy : may we enjoy his\nblessedloving-kindness.\nMay this rich Indra, as our good Protector,drive off and keep\nafar all those who hate us.\nHYMN CXXXIL Mitra. Varuna.\nMay Dya/usthe Lord of lauded wealth, and Earth stand by\nthe man who offers sacrifice,\nAnd may the Asvins, both the Gods, strengthen,the worship-\nper with bliss.\n% As such we honour you, Mitra and Varuna, with hasty zeal,\nmostblest, you who sustainthe folk.\nSo-may we, throughyourfrienship*fortheworshipper, subdue\nthe fiends.\n3- And when we seek to win your love and friendship, we who-\nhave precious wealth inour possession,\nOr whenthe worshipper augments hm riches* let not his trea-\nsures be shut up*\n4 That other, Asura! too was born of Heaven : thou art, 01Va-\nnina, the King of all men.\nThe chariot’s Lord waswellcontent,forbearing,toangerIteath\nby sin so great.\n4 ffillebrandt, V. M, I. 146, andEggeling, Sacred Boohofthe East, XL I.\n135,interpretdifferently. Themythreferred tointhe following stanzahaa\nnotbeen preserved. See VYeber, UeberdbnMjasHya, pp> 95', 101.\nTh4 e mT eh aat nio nt ghe ir s: unM ci et rr ta a. in.The Ic fh ia nr dio tt h’ e$ rL eso trd o: ftl hit eer ha yll my, n£ ' uh ne ia nd t* elo lf igt ih be le.char Pi ro ot f.* .\nIiudwigconjecturesthattwobrothers. Nrimedhas and Sumedhas, had con-\ntendedforsovereignty, andthattheadherentsof onehadwishedto put the\notherbrotherto death, but had not carried out their purpose. Safcapfitat\nabsolve and.purifies the.former,,andthe;brothersarereconciled."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1221,
            "content": "— —\n:\nm\nHYMN\n133.]\nTHERIGVEDA.\n5 This sin hath Sakaputa here committed. Heroes who fled to\ntheir dear friend he slayeth,\nWhen the Steed bringefch down your grace and favour in\nbodies dear and worshipful.\n6 Your Mother Aditi, ye wise, was purified with water even as\nearth is purified from heaven.\nShow love and kindness here below ; wash her in rays of\nheavenly light.\n7 Ye Twain have seated you as Lords of Wealth, as one who\nmounts a car to him who sits upon thepole, upon thewood.\nThese our disheartened tribes Nrimedhas saved from woe,\nSumedhas saved from woe. »\nHYMN CXXXIIL Indr*\nSing strength to Indra that shall set his chariot in the fore-\nmost place.\nGiver of room in closest fight, slayer of foes in shock of war,\nbe thou our great encourager. Let the weak bowstrings\nbreak upon the bows offeeble enemies.\n2 Thou didst destroy the Dragon thou sentestthe rivers down\n:\nto earth.\nFoeless, 0 Indra, wast thou born. Thou tendest well each\nchoicest thing. Therefore we draw us close to thee. Let\nthe weak bowstrings, etc.\n3 Destroyed be all malignities and all our enemy’s designs.\nThy bolt thou castest at the foe, 0 Indra, who would smiteus\ndead thy liberal bounty gives us wealth.\n:\n4 The robber people round about, Indra, who watch and aim at\nus,\nTrample them down beneath thy foot a conquering scatterer\n;\nart thou.1\n5 Whoso assails us, Indra, be the man a stranger or akin,\nBring down, thyself, his strengthalthoughitbe as vast as are\nthe heavens.\n6 Close to thy friendship do we cling, 0 Indra, and depend on\nthee.\nLead us beyond all painandgriefalong the path of holy Law.\n5\n—\n5 TheSteed: the Sun. Ludwig. Yourgrace: Mitra’sand Varuna’s.\n6 YourMotherAditi perhapsthemotherof thetwobrothersisintended.\nLudwig.\n2 Lettheweak bomtringi\n,\netc; the refrain is repeated in allthe stanza*\nexceptthe last."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1222,
            "content": ":: : ;\n580 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n7 Do thoubestow upon us her, 0 Indra, who yieldsaccording to\nthe singer’s longing,\nThat the great Cow may, with exhaustless udder, pouring a\nthousand streams, give milk to feed us.\nHYMN* CXXXIY. Indra.\nAs, like the Morning, thou hast filled,0 Indra, both the earth\nand heaven,\nSo as the Mighty One, great King of all the mighty world of\nmen, the Goddess Mother brought thee forth, the Blessed\nMother gave thee life.\n2 Relax that mortal’s stubborn strength whose heart is bent on\nwickedness.\nTramplehim downbeneath thyfeet who watches forand aims\natus. The Goddess Mother brought thee forth, etc.\n3\nShakedown,0Slayerofthefoe,thosegreatall-splendidenergies.\nWith all thy/powers, 0 Sakra, ail thine helps, 0 Indra, shake\nthem down\n;\n4 As thou, 0 Safcakratu, thou, 0 Indra. shakest all things down\nAs wealthfor him who sheds the juice, with thine assistance\nthousandfold.\n5 Around, on every side like drops ofsweatlet lightning-flashes\nfall.\n' Ret all malevolence pass away from us like threads of Dfirva\ngrass.\n6 Thou bearest in thine hand a lance like a long hook, great\nCounsellor\n!\nAs with his foremost foot a goat, draw down the branch, 0\nMaghavan.\n7 Never, 0 Gods, do weoffend, nor are we ever obstinate: we\nwalk as holy texts command.\nClosely we clasp andcling to you, cling toyoursides, beneath\nyour arms.\n' 7 Thegreat Cow probablytheEarth.\n1 TheGoddess Mother Aditi, Therefrain is repeated in all thestanza*\nexcept thelast.\n3 Energies: influencesin theshapeofrainandsunlight\ni Satakratu or,Lord ofHundredpowers.\nitr5 efcI c> hAr hv od rig zr oa us ts a: llyPa an wi ac yu fm rD oa mot ty hl eo sn te; ma .speciesof bentgrasswhose filaments\n6 Thebranch thatisloadedwithfruitforus. ’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1223,
            "content": "; : : : : : :\nEYMN 135.] TEE RIGVEDA. 581\nHYMN CXXXV. Yama.\nIn the Tree clothed with goodly leaves where Yama drinketh\nwith the Gods,\nThe Father, Master of the house, tendeth with love our an-\ncient Sires.\n2 I looked reluctantly on him who cherishes those men of old,\nOn him who treads that evil path, and then I yearned for\nthis again.\n3 Thou mountest, though thou dost not see, 0 Child, the new\nand wheel-less car\nWhich thou hast fashioned mentally, one-poled but turning\nevery way.\nw\ni The car which thou hast made to roll hitherward from the\nSages, Child\nl\nThishaththeSamanfollowedclose,hence,laidtogetheronaship.\n6 Who was the father of the child1 Who made the chariot roll\naway\n?\nWho willthis daydeclaretoushowthefunereal gift wasmade f\n6 When the funereal gift was placed, straightway the.point of\nflame appeared.\nAdepthextendedinthefront\n:\na passageoutwas madebehind\n7 Here is the seat where Yama dwells, that which is called the\nHome of Gods\nHere minstrels blow the flute for him : here he is glorified\nwith songs.\n1 The Tree wherethespiritsof thepious dead rest after their labours.\nTheFather Yama.\n2 Thespiritof thedeadchild speaks. I yearnedfor this to return to\nthe worldof life.\n3 Yamaspeaks. Fashionedmentally figuratively preparedbybeingburnt\nonthefuneralpile.\n5 Ship meaning, apparently, the funeral pile. The funereal gift the\nmeaningof anudiyi is uncertain, ‘Restitution.—’—Wilson. ‘Surrender* or\n‘delivery/ according toProf. Zimmer. Stanzas 5 7 arespoken bythepoet.\n6 A depth: themeaningis obscure. Passageout: probablyfortheremoval\nof the ashes.\nThesubjectof thehymn appears to he the funeral ceremony of a boy\n(itximdra,saidbysome tobe the nameof aman). According to the legend\ncited by S&yanaayouth named Nachiketas was sent by bis father to the\nkingdomof Yamawhotreated himkindlyandallowed ,himtoreturn tothis\nworld. ‘The hymn is madethroughout applicable toAditya as well as to\nYama, with,if possible, astillgreaterdegreeof obscurity. Itseemstohave\nbeen thebasis of thediscussion inthe Taittiriya Br&hmana (III.11. 8)and\ninthe Katha Upanishad,respectingwhat —becomesofthesoulafter death, in\ndialoguesbetween Nachiketasand Yama/ Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1224,
            "content": ": : : :\n582 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\nHYMN CXXXVI. Kesins.\nHe with the long loose locks supports Agni, and moisture,\nheaven, and earth :\nHe is all sky to look upon : he with longhair is called this\nlight.\n2 The Munis, girdled with the wind, wear garments soiled of\nyellow hue.\nThey, following the wind's swift course go where the Gods\nhave gone before.\n3 Transported with ourMunihood we have pressed on into the\nwinds\nYou therefore, mortal men, behold our natural bodies and\nno more.\n;\n4 The Muni, made associate in the holy work ofevery God,\nLookinguponallvariedformsfliesthroughtheregion oftheair.\nb The Steed of Vila, V&yu’s friend, the Muni, by the Gods\nimpelled,\nInboththeoceanshathhishome, ineasternand inwesternsea.\n6 Treading the path of sylvan beasts, Gandharvas, and Ap*\nsarases,\nHe with long locks, who knows the wish, is a sweet most\ndelightfulfriend.\n7 V&yu hath churned for him : for him he poundeth things\nmost hard to bend,\nWhenhe withlonglooselockshathdrunk, with Rudra, water\nfrom the cup.\nTheKesins, hesinalt, wearersoflongloosehair, areAgpi,V&yu, andSCrya.\nEachstanzahasforitsRishioneofthesevensonsofV&tarasaua. SeeIndex\nofHymns.\nX He withthe longloose loblcs probably theascetic, theMunior Yogi.\nAccordingtoS&yana, theradiant Sun. Moisture: vishdm, usually meaning\n‘poison* issoexplainedinthisplace.\n2 Munis asceticsinspiredorinastateofecstasy. Girdledwith thewind:\nexposed without girdlesto thewind. AccordingtoS&yana, sonsof V&ta-\nrasana, or Wind*Girdled.\n5 Inboththeoceans everywherein thefirmament fromitseastern to its\nwestern extremity.\n‘Thehymn showsthe conceptionthat byalifeofsanctity theMunican,\nattaintothe f -V > '£ i 1ufcies of theair, theV&yus,the Rudras, the\nApsarasas, ai. I Gis ; and, furnishedUke themwith wonderful\npowers, can travelalongwiththemoq their course The beautiful-haired,\nthelong-haired, thatistosay, theMuni, whoduringthe timeofhisausteri-\ntiesdoesnot shavehishair, upholds fire, moisture, heaven, and earth, and\nresemblestheworldoflight,ideaswhich thelaterliteratureso largely con-\ntains.*—VonRoth,quotedbyDr. Muir, 0,S. Texts, IY. 319, thehymnbeing\ntransliteratedandtranslatedonpage318."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1225,
            "content": ": :\nm\nHYMN 138.] THE RTGVEDA.'\nHYMN CXXXVIL Visvedevas.\nYe Gods, raiseup once morethe man whom ye have humbled\nand brought low.\n0 Gods, restore tolifeagaintheman who hath committed sin.\n2 Two several winds are blowing here, from Sindh u, from a\ndistant land.\nMay one breatheenergy tothee, the other blow disease away.\n3 Hither, G Wind, blow healing balm, blow all disease away,\nthou Wind;\nFor thou who hast all medicine comest asenvoy of the Gods.\n4 I am come nighto thee with balmsto givethee restand keep\nthee safe.\n1bringtheeblessedstrength,Idrive thyweakeningmaladyaway.\n$ Here let the Gods deliver him, the Maruts5 baud deliver him:\nAH thingsthat be deliver himthathebe freedfrom his disease.\n& The Waters have their healing power, the Watersdrivedisease\naway.\nTheWatershave abalmforall: letthemmakemedicineforthue.\n•2 The tongue that leads thevoice precedes. Thenwith our ten-\nfold-branching hands,\nWith these two chasers of disease we stroketheewitha gentle\ntouch.\nHYMN CXXXVIXI.\nImlra.\nAllied with thee in friendship, Indra, these thy priests, re-\nmembering Holy Law, rent Vritra limb from limb,\nWhen theybestowedthe Dawns and let the waters flow, and\nwhen thou didst chastise dragons at Kutsa's call.\n3 Thou sentest/orth productive powers, clavest the hills, thou\ndravest forth the kine, thou drankest pleasant meath.\nThou gavest increase through this Tree's surpassing might.\nThe Sun shone by the hymn that sprang from Holy Law,\nEach stanza isascribed to oneof the seven greatRishis. SeeIndex of\nHymns. Thehymn isa charmtorestore asickmantohealth. Of.Hymnsof\ntheAtharva-veda, IV. 13.\n1 Whohathcommittedsin: sicknessanddeathbeing regardedasthe conse-\nquenceofsin.\n2 Sindhu:or, ocean.\n4 The Windspeaks. Weakeningmalady yakshmamaybesicknessin gene-\nral,orthenameofalarge classof diseases,p* robablyof a consumptivenature.\n7 Thestanzaisimportantasshowing thatthe Indians employed touches\norlaying-on of hands torelievesufferingortorestorehealth. Op. X. 60. 12.\n1 Thypriests: the Angirases. But see Vedic Hymns , I. p. 44. Didst\nchastise thisclauseis verydifficult.IadoptProf. Grassmann’sinterpretation.\n2 This Tree'ssurpassingmight thepowerof thejuiceof theSoma plant."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1226,
            "content": ": :\n-584 THE HYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n3 In the mid-way of heaven the San unyoked his oar; the Arya\nfoimd a mutch to meet his Dasa foe.\nAssociate with Rijisvan Indra overthrew the solid forts of\nPipru, conjuringAslira.\n1 Heboldlycastdown forts which none had e’er assailed un-\n;\nwearied he destroyed the godless treasure-stores.\nLike Sun and Moon he tookthestronghold’swealthaway, and,\npraised in song, demolished foes with flashing dart.\n5 Armed with resistlessweopons, withvast power to cleave, the\nVritra-slayer whets his darts and deals forth wounds.\nBright Tishaswasafraid ofIndra’sslaughteringbolt : shewent\nupon her way and left her chariot there.\n6 These are*thy famous exploits, only thine, when thou alone\nhast left the other reft ofsacrifice.\nThou in the heavensbast set the ordering ofthe Moons : the\nFather bears the felly portioned out by thee.\nHYMN CXXXIX. Samar.\nSavitar, golden-haired, hath lifted eastward, bright with the\nsunbeams, his eternal lustre;\nHe in whose euergy wise Pusbanmarches, surveying all exist-\nence like a herdsman.\n2 Beholdingmen he sits amid theheavens,fillingthetwo world-\nhalves and air’s wide region.\nHe looks upon the rich far-spreading pastures between the\neasternand the western limit.\n3 He, rootof wealth, the gatherer-up of treasures, looks with\nhis might on every form and figure.\nSavitar, like a God whose Law isconstant, standsin thebattle\nfor the spoillike Indra. 1\n1 Waters from sacrifice came to the Gandhafva Visv&vasu, 0\nSoma, when they saw him.\nIndra, approaching quickly, marked their going, and looked\naround upon the Sun’s enclosures.\n3 Unyokedhiscar; thealWimw.perhaps, to an eclipse, or a detention\nof theSuntoenabletheAryan**tocompletetheoverthrowof theirenemies.\nFijisvan a pious worshipper befriended by Indra. Pipru; a demon of\ndrought. SreVol. I.,Index. — X\n5 Bright Ushas wasafraid: seeII. 15. 6, IV. 30. 8 11,and 73. 6.\nS Theother: thy foe, the demon or R&kshnsa. The Father: Dyaus or\nIieaven. Thefellyportionedoutbythee: the course of the Moon through\ntheaaterisms, whichthouhastarianged.\n2 Pastures: thereisnosubstantiveinthetext. S&yanasupplies iquarters\nofspace Ludwig(ladles and Grassmann ‘pastures/\n4 Waters usedinthepreparation of the Soma juice. TheGandharva:\nregardedasthecustodianofthecelestial Soma. TheSun** enclosures; ‘the\nrim*ofthesun/—Wilson.\n- ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1227,
            "content": ":: ; : :\nHYMN 140,] THE MG VEDA. 585\n5 This song Yisvavasu shall sing us, meter of air’s mid-realm,\ncelestial Gandharva,\nThat we may know aright both truth and falsehood may he\n:\ninspire our thoughts and help our praises.\n6 In the floods’ track he found the booty-seeker: the rocky\ncow-pen’s doors he threw wide open.\nThese, the Gandharva told him, flowed with Amrit. Indra\nknew well the puissance of the dragons.\nHYMN CXL. - Agni.\nAgni, life-power and fame are thine : thy fires blaze mightily,\nthou rich in wealth of beams\n1\nSage, passing bright, thou givest to the wdfcshipper, with\nstrength, the food that merits land.\n2 With brilliant, purifying sheen, with perfectsheen thouliftest\nup thyself in light.\nThou, visiting both thy Mothers, aidest them as Son: thou\njoinest close the earth and heaven.\n3 0 J&tavedas, Son of Strength, rejoice thyself, gracious, in our\nfair hymns and songs.\nIn thee are treasured various forms of strengthening food,\nborn nobly and of wondrous help.\n4 Agni, spread forth, as Ruler, over living things: give wealth\nto ns, Immortal God.\nThou shinest out from beauty fair to look upon : thouleadest\nus to conquering power.\n5 To him, the wise, who orders sacrifice, who bath great riches\nunder his control,\nThou givest^blest award of good, and plenteous food, givest\nhim wealth that conquers all.\n6 The men have set before them for their welfare Agni, strong,\nvisible to all, the Holy.\nThee, Godlike One, with ears to hear, most famous, men's\ngenerations magnify with praise-songs.\n5 Visvdvaxu thecelestial Gandharva, heretheSun-God. He Visv&vaau.\nThebooty-seeker Indrawho sought towinthe waters. Ofthedragon*0 the\nserpent-demons who obstructed the floodsof heaven. The lastthreestanzas\narevery difficultand obscure. See Hillebrandt, V.M., I,pp, 436, 487, and\nLudwig, UeberdieneuestenA.u. s.w* tp. 101.\n2 ThyMothers Heaven andEarth. Joinestclose or, fillestfull.\n5 To him : totheinetitutorofthesacrifice. —\nSeetheexpositionofthehymn in SatapathaBrdhmana, VII.3.1, 29 34\n(ScoredBooksoftheEast,XLI. 349—351)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1228,
            "content": ":\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF IBOOK X.\nHYMN CXLI. Visvedevas.\nTurn hither, Agmi, speak to us : come to us with a gracious\nmind.\nEnrich ns, Master ofthe house : thou art the Giver of our\nwealth.\n;2 Let Aryaman vouchsafe us wealth, and Bhaga, andBrihaspati,\nLet the Gods ^ive theirgifts, andlet Sunrit&, Goddess, grant\nus wealth.\n3 We call KingSomato our aid, and Agni with our songs and\nhymns,\nAdityas, Yishnu, Surya,and the Brahman Priest Brihaspati.\n4 Indra, Yayfl, Brihaspati, Gods swift to listen, we invoke,\nThat in the synod all the folk may be benevolent to us.\n5 Urge Aryaman to send us gifts, and Indra, and Brihaspati,\nY&ta, Yishnu, Sarasvati and the Strong Courser Savitar.\n$ Do thou, 0 Agni, with thyfires strengthen our prayer and\nsacrifice\nUrge giverstobestow their wealth toaid our serviee of the\nGods.\nHYMN CXLIL\nAgni.\nWith thee, 0Agni, was this singer of thelaud : he hath no\nother kinship, 0 thou Son of Strength.\nThou givest blessed shelter with a triple guard. Keep the\ndestructivelightning far away from us.\n2 Thy birth who seekest food is in the falling flood, Agni ; as\nComrade thou winuest all living things.\nOurcoursers and oursongs shall be victorious : they of them*\nselves advance like one who guards the herd.\n3 And thou, 0 Agni, thou of Godlike nature, sparest the stones,\nwhile eating up the brushwood.\nThen are thy tracks like deserts in the corn-lands. Letus not\nstir to wrath thy mighty arrow.\n4 O’er Mils, throughvales devouring as thou goesfc, thoupartest\nlike anarmyfain for booty.\nAs when a barbershaves a beard, thou shavest earth when\nthe wind blows on thyflame and fans it.\nf> Apparent are his linesashe approaches : the course is single,\nbut the cars are many,\n2 SUnritd: Pleasantness ; Gladness,personified. Cf. I. 40. 3.\n3 Sparestthestones: seePischel, VedischeStudien, I.p. 180. Cp. III. 29.6."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1229,
            "content": ": : ; :\nHYMN 143.J THE R IGFEDA. 5S7\nWhen, Agni, thou, makingthine arms resplendent, advancest\no’er the land spread out beneath thee.\n6 Now letthy strength, thy burhlng flames fly upward, thine\nenergies, 0 Agni, as thou toilest.\nGape widely, bend thee, waging in thy vigour : let all the\nYasus sit this day beside thee.\n7 Thisisthewaters’reservoir,thegreatabodeofgatheredstreams.\nTake thou anotherpath than this, and as thou listest walk\nthereon.\n& On thy way hitherward and hence let flowery Durva grass\nspring up.\nLet there be lakes with lotus blooms. These are the mansions\nofthe flood.\nHYMN\nCXLIII. Asvins.\nYflmadethatAtri,wornwitheld,freeasahorsetowin thegoal.\nWhen ye restored toyouthand strength Kakshivan like a car\nrenewed,\n2 Ye freed that Atri like a horse, and brought him newly-born\nto earth.\nYe loosed him like a firm-tied knot which Gods unsoiled by\ndust had bound.\n3 Heroes who showed most wondrous powerto Atri, strive to\nwin fair songs\nFor then, 0 Heroes of the sky, your hymn of praise shall\ncease no more.\n—\n4 This claims your notice, BounteousGods ! oblation, Asvins !\nand our love,\nThatye, 0 Heroes,inthefightmaybringussafetoampleroom,\ni Ye Twain toBhujyu tossedabout in oceanatthe region’s end,\nNasatyas, with your winged steeds came nigh, and gave him\nstrength to win.\n6 Comewithyourjoys, mostliberalGods, Lordsof all treasures,\nbringing weal.\nLikefreshfullwaterstoawell, so, Heroes, comeandbewithus.\n6 Stanzas 7and8seemtobelongtosomeotherhymn,beingaprayertoAgni\nthathemaysparethespeaker’shousewhere,hesays, thereisnothingtoinvite\nthe devouringGod. SeeHymnsoftheAtharva-veda, VL 106.\n1 Atri seel. 112. 7. Kalcshivdn theScholiast says that this Rishi was\noriginallydullofunderstanding andthattheAsvinsendowedhimwithknow-\nledge Prof. Ludwigtakes kahsMvantam to be an adjective agreeing with\nrdtham\n:\n*Againyemadehimyouthfullikeachariotthatisbracedwithbands.’\n5 Bhujyu seeYol. L, Index."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1230,
            "content": ": ; : ;\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOH &\nHYMN CXLIV. Indra.\nThis deathless Iadu, like a steed, strong and offull vitality,\n.\nBelongs to thee, the Orderer.-\n2 Here, by us, for the worshipper, isthe wise bolt that works\nwith skill.\nItbringsthe bubblingbeverage as adexterousmanbrings the\neffectual strongdrink.\n3 ImpetuousAhisuva,abullamongthesecowsofhis,\nLooked down upon the restless Hawk.\n4 That the strong-pinioned Bird hath brought, Child of the\nFalcon, from afar,\nWhat oiovm uponahundredwheels alongthe femaleDragon’s\npath.\n5 Which, fair, unrobbed, the Falcon brought thee in his foot,\nthe red-hued dwelling ofthejuice\n;\nThrough this came vital power which lengthens out our days,\nand kinship through its help awoke.\n6 So Indrais by Indu’s power : e’en among Gods will it repel\ngreat treachery.\nWisdojn, Most Sapient One, brings force thatlengthens life.\nMay wisdom bring thejuiceto us.\nHYMN CXLY. SapatntUdhanara.\nFrom out theearth I dig thisplant, an herbofmost effectual\npower,\nWherewith one quells the rival wife and gains the husband\nfor oneself.\n1 Tndu: Soma. TheOrderer disposerandarrangerof theuniverse.\n2 Bolt; the Yashatkdra,orsacrificialexclamation, istorthe priests what\nthethunderboltistoIndra.\n3Ifindthis and the following stanza unintelligible, Ahisuva in other\ntp hl eac re es isis nt ohe sun bsa tm ae nto if vea td oe dm so iln s; vdh su ut 1t th he esm eea hin sin og wnh /er ie ntis heu fn ece mr it na ii nn e. genC do ew rs\n.\n4 Wh<tt mo—ves upon a hundred} wheels: saidchakram 'the beatower of\nmanyboons/ Wilson.\n5 Dwellingofthejuice: theSoma-plant,which the Falcon brought from\nheaven. SeeIY. 26and 27.\n6 It orhe ; Induorthe Soma juice.\nProf. Grassmannplacesthishymuinhis Appendixasbeinginhis opinion\nmadeupof fragments. HeconsidersAhisuva (stanza8} to be ‘the archer\nKris&nu, ofIY.27. 3andotherplaces,whoguardsthecelestialSoma,andin-\nsteadof cows*heunderstands'wives/\nThehymn isaspelltorida jealouswife of a more favoured rival. The\nKiahiisIndr&ni, theConsortof Indra.\n1 THUplant; saidto bethePata,probablyidentical with P4th4 (Clypea\nnernanaiiolia), aclimbingplantpossessingvariousmedicinalproperties."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1231,
            "content": "—\n: ;: : : :\nHYMN 146.] THERIGVEDA. 589\n2 Auspicious, with expanded leaves,sent bythe Gods, victorious\nplant,\nBlowthoutherivalwifeaway,andmake myhusband onlymine.\n3 Strongeram I, 0StrongerOne,yea,mightierthanthemightier;\nAnd she who is my rival wife is lower than the lowest dames.\n4 Her veryname Iutter not : she takes no pleasurein this man.\nFar into distance most remote drive we the rival wife away.\n5 I am the conqueror, and thou, thou also art victorious\nAs victory attends us both we will subdue my fellow-wife,\n6 I have gained thee for vanquisher, have grasped thee with a\nstronger spell.\nAs a cow hastens to her calf, so let thy spirtt speed to me,\nhasten like water on its way.\nHYMN\nCXLVI. Aranytol.\nGoddessofwildandforestwhoseemesttovanishfromthesight,\nHow isitthatthouseekestnotthe village?Artthou.notafraid?\n2 What time thegrasshopperrepliesand swells the shrillcicala's\nvoice,\nSeemingtosoundwithtinklingbells,theLadyoftheWoodexults,\n3 And,yonder, cattle seem tograze, whatseems a dwelling-place\nappears\nOr elseat eve the Lady of the Forest seems to free the wains,\n4 -Hereoneiscallingtohis cow, anotherthere hathfelledatree\n:\nAt eve the dweller in the wood fancies that somebody hath\nscreamed. *\n5 The Goddess never slays, unless some murderous enemy ap-\nproach.\n,\nManeatsof savouryfruitandthentakes,evenasbewills,hisrest.\n6 Thyspirit thehusband's.\nThedeity, Arany&nt,is thetutelary Goddessof the forestand wilderness,\n2 Grasshopper cicala; the chichchihaissaidto bealittle creaturethat\ncriescMcht andthevriskdravdissaidto bea sort of cricket. Others take\nthemtobebirdsof someunascertained kind,\n3 Cattleseemtograze deerfeedinginthe glades. Whatseemsadwelling-\nplace: anaturalbowerof branchesandcreepers,\n4 Boundsareheardasof acowman callinghis cattle,or of awoodman at\nwork. *Wemustimagine thethousundstrange soundsanddelusions which\nseemtoencompassthesolitarylistenerofaneveninginthedarkeningforest,'\nMme.Z&naideRagozin, VedieIndia(Story of theNations),p. 272.\n5 Murderousenemy the texthasonlyany6h< *another,' bywhich,accord-\niugtoSAyana,atigeror robber is meant. Prof. Ludwig suggests that thef\nreadingshouldbekanyuh, ‘onewhoisdestinedto bekilled-* Thehymnhas\ntb he een Sit tr ba en ns zl ia gte Jd Ueb dy trDr d. esM Ru ii yr v, cd0 a. .S. Texts t V. p. 423 ; and by the authors >f"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1232,
            "content": ": .\nm Emm\nthe of [book x\n• 6l$Tow have I praised the Forest Queen, sweet-scented, redolent\nofbalm,\nTheMotherofallsylvan things, who tills not but hath atom\noffood,\nHYMN CXLVII. Indra.\nI trust inthy firstwrathfuldeed, 0 Jndra, when thouslewest\nVritra and didst work to protit man\n;\nWhat timethe two world-halves fell short of thee in might,\nand the earth trembled at thy force, 0 Thunder*armed,\n2 Thou with thy magic powers didst rend the conjurer Vritra,\n0 Blameless One, with heart that longed for fame.\nHeroes elect thee when they battle for the prey, thee in all\nsacrifieesrworthy of renown.\n3 God Much-invoked, take pleasure in these princes here, who,\nthine exalters, Maghavan, have come to wealth.\nIn synods, when the rite succeeds, they hymn the Strong for\nsons and progeny and riches undisturbed.\n4 That man shallfind delight—in well-protected wealth whose\ncare provides for V—. the x joyous draught.\nBringing oblations, M bythee, heswift-\nly wins the spoil with heroes in the fight.\n5 Now for our band, 0 Maghavan, when lauded, make ample\nroom with might, and grantus riches.\nMagician thou, our Varuna and Mitra, deal food to us, 0\nWondrous, as Dispenser.\nHYMN\n# CXLVIII. India.\nWhen we have pressed the juice we laud thee, Indra, and\nwhen, Most Valorous we have won the booty.\n!\nBring us prosperity, aseach desires it; under thine ownpro-\ntection may we conquer.\n2 Sublime from birth, mayst thou 0 Indra, Hero, with Sfirya\novercome the Dilsaraces.\nAs bya fountain's side, we bring theSomathatlayconcealed,\nclose-hidden in the waters.\n3 Answer the votary's hymns, for these thouknowest, craving\n.\nthe Bishis'prayer, thyself a Singer.\nMay we be they who take delight in Somas thesewith sweet\n:\nfood forthee, 0 Chariot-rider.\nthe3 e,Pr ti hn ec mes ight th ye IS nf dir ri as .,thewealthyinstitutesof thesacrifice. TheStrong:\n—S n«sewithtweetfood:. 'these(praisesareoffered)with sacrificialviands.\nWilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1233,
            "content": "—\n: : ;\nm\nEYMJSf 149.] TEE 1IIGYMDA.\n4 These holy prayers, 0 Indra, have I sung thee\n:\ngrant tothe4\nmen the strength of men, thou Hero.\nBe of one mind with those in whom thou joyest keep thou-\n;\nthe singers safe and their companions.\n5 Listen to Prithis call, heroic Indra, and be thou landed by\nthe hymns of Venya,\nHim who hath sung thee to thine oil-rich dwelling, whose roh\nling, songs have sped thee like a torrent..\nHYMN\nCXLIX. Savitar.;\nSavitar fixed the earth with bandstobindit,,andmadeheaven\nstedfast where no prop supported.\nSavitar milked,,as Jtwere a restless courser,air/sea houndfast\nto what no foot had trodden..\n2 Well knoweth Savitar,. O Child of Waters, where ocean, firmly\nfixt,. overflowed its limit.\nThence sprang the world, from tha1t uprosetheregion thence\n:\nheaven spread out and the wide earth expanded.\n3 Then, with a full crowd of Immortal Beings, this other realm\ncame later,, high and holy.\nFirst, verily, Savifar’s strong-pinioned Eagle was horn and\n;\nhe obeys his law for ever.\n4 As warriors to their steeds, kine to their village, as fond milk-\ngiving: cows approach their youngling,\nAs man to wife, letSavitar come downward to us, heaven’s\nbearer, Lord of every blessing.\n5 Like the Angirasa Hiranyastupa, I call thee, Savitar, to this\nachievement\n:\nSo worshipping and lauding thee for favour I watch for thee\nas for the stalk of Soma.\n4 Companions; or, dependents.\n$ PritM’s call theinvocation of Prithu,theRishiof thehymn,according\nto S&yana. Prof. Ludwig suggests that Prithu’s wife is intended. Venya\nPrithi,son of Vena.\n1 To whatnofoot hadtrodden: at&rte: tothe indestructible (ether)/\nWilson.\n3 Eagle identifiedbyS&yanawithT&rkshya,brotherofGaruda,whobrought\nthe Soma from theMoonatSavitar’scommand.\n5 Angirasa: a descendant of the AngiraseB. Achievement: vftje: food,\naccording to S&yana, i.e„oblation. Lauding:drchan: or, I,Arehan, honour-\ning thee to win thyfavour."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1234,
            "content": ":\nm\nTHB HYMNS OF [BOOK X,\nHYMN\nCL. Agni.\nThoxt, bearer of oblations, though kindled, artkindled for the\nGods.\nWith the Adityas, Kudras, Yasus, come to us: to show us fa-\nvour come to us.\n2 Comehitherandacceptwithjoythissacrificeandhymnof ours,\n0 kindled God, we mortalsare invoking thee, calling on thee\nto show us grace.\n3 IlaudtheeJatavedas,thee Lordof allblessings, with my song,\nAgni, bring hitherward the Gods whose Laws we love, whose\nLaws we love, to show us grace.\n4 Agni the God was made the great High-Priest of Gods, Eishis\nhavekindledAgni, men ofmortal mould.\nAgni I invouatefor winuiug ample wealth, kindly disposedfor\nwinning wealth. *\nAfcri and Bharadvaja and Gavisbthira, Kanva and Trasadasyti,\nin our fight he helped.\nOnAgnicallsVasisbtha, eventhe household priest, the house-\nhold priest to win hisgrace.\n* HYMN CLI. Faith,\nBy Faith is Agnikindled, through Faithisoblation offered up.\nWe celebrate with praises Faith upon the height of happiness.\n2 Bless thou the man who gives, 0 Faith Faith, bless the man\n;\nwho fain would give.\nBless thouthe liberal worshippers : bless thou the word that\nl have said.\n3 Even as the Deities maintained Faith in the mighty Asuras,\nSo make this uttered wish ofmine true for the liberal wor-\nshippers.\n4 Guarded byV&yu, Gods and men who sacrifice draw near to\nFaith.\nMan winneth Faith by yearnings of the heart, and opulence\nby Faith.\n1 Thoughki mndled althoughthouartalready burningfreshfireisadded to\nthee. Toshoto favour: mrdik&ya ; thisplayupon theRiahi’snameMrilika\njsrepeatedineachstanza.\nTheRiahiisSraddhfc(Faith) ofthefamilyofK&rqa(Love),\n1 Upontheheight of happiness : *(who is seated) on Bhaga's head,,-**\nWilson,\n3 Axuras: theprimevalAryan Gods,Dyaus,Varuna,andsome others,who\nwereveneratedbyIndraandotherIndo-Aryandeities ofalatercreation,\n4 (guardedby Ydyu ; themeaningisnocclear."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1235,
            "content": ": : :\nHYMN 154.] v THE RIQVEDA. 593\n5 Faith in the early morning. Faith at noondaywill we invocate,\nFaith at the settingoftheSun. 0Faith, endow us with belief.\nHYMN\nCLII.\nA mightyGovernorartthou, Wondrous, Destroyer ofthe foe,\nWhosefriendis neverdonetodeath,andnever,neverovercome.\n2 Lord of the elan, who brings us bliss, Strong, Warrior, Slayer\nofthe fiend,\nMayIndra, Soma-drinker,go beforeus, Bullwhogivesuspeace.\n3 DriveRakshasasandfoesaway,breakthouinpiecesVritra’sjaws:\n0 Vritra-slaying Indra, quell the foeman’s wrath who threat-\nens ns.\n4 0 Indra, beatourfoesaway,humblethemen who^challengeus :\nSenddown to nether darkness him who seeks to do us injury.\n5 Bafflethe foeman’s plan, ward offhis weapon who would con-\nquer us.\nGive shelter from his furious wrath, and keep his murdering\ndart afar.\nHYMN CLIII. Indra-\nSwayingabout, theActiveOnescamenigh toIndra athisbirth,\nAnd shared his great heroic might.\n2 Based uponstrengthandvictoryandpower,0Indraisthybirth :\nThou, Mighty One, art strong indeed.\n3 Thouartthe Vritra-slayer, thou, Indra, hast spreadthefirma-\nment\n;\nThou hast with mightupheld theheavens.\n4 Thou, Indra, bearest in thine arms thelightning that accords\nwith thee,\nWhetting th;f thunderbolt with might.\n5 Thou, Indra, art preeminentover allcreatures in thy might\nThou hast pervaded every place.\nHYMN CLIY. NewLife.\nFor some is Soma purified, some sit by sacrificial oil :\nTo those for whom the meath flows forth, even to those let\nhim depart.\n1 TheActive Ones: theWater-Goddessesmaybemeant. The Consortsof\ntheGods, according toS&yana.\nart2 iT nh do eeu d, aMi hg eh rot ’y .-O —n Me axo Mr u, ll4 e0 r,Bull, thou artaBullindeed/ ‘Thou, 0hero,\ni Lightning or, praise-song, hymn. S&yana explainsarharn hereby $tu«\ntyam‘ thylaudableoradorablethunderbolt..\nTheftishiof thisfuneral hymn is Yam!, sisterof Yama,\nX To'thoselethimdepart: let the spirit-ofthedeadgotothe realmofthe\n38"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1236,
            "content": ": :: : :;\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK X\n2 Invincible through Fervour, those whom Fervour hath ad-\nvanced toheaven, —\nWho showed great Fervour in their lives, even to those let\nhim depart.*\n3 Theheroeswhocontendinwarandbol —dlycasttheir livesaway,\nOr who give guerdon thousandfold, even to those let him\ndepart\n4 Yea,thefirstfollowersofLaw,Law’spur —eandholystrengtheners,\nThe Fathers, Yama Fervour-moved, even to those let him\n!\ndepart.\n5 Shilled in a thousand ways and means, the sages who protect\nthe Sum, —\nThe Bishis, Yamal Fervour-moved, even to those let him\ndepart.\nHYMN CLY. Various.\nAiuyi, one-eyed limping hag, fly, ever-screeching, to the hill.\nWe frighten thee away with these, the heroes ofSirimbitha,\n2 Scared from thisplace andthat is she, destroyer of eachgerm\nunborn.\nGo, sharp-horned Brahmanaspati and drive Arayi far away.\n3 Yon log that floats without a man to guide it on the river’s\nedge,—\nSeize it, thou thing with hideous jaws, and go thou far away\nthereon.\n4 When, foulwith secret stain and spot, ye hastened onward to\nthe breast,\nAll Indra’s enemies were slain and passed away like froth\nand foam.\nblessed, tothe FatherswhoreceiveofferingsofSoma juiceandclarified but-\nter. Meath;accordingtoS&yana,honey,whichisofferedtothespiritsoftheir\nancestorsbystudentsoftheAtharva-veda, Somajuiceandgkritdmorclarified\nbutter(sacrifioialoil)beingoffered,respectively, bystudentsofthe Sfimaveda-\nandYajurveda,\n2 Favour; tdpas literally, warmth, heat; religious fervour, asceticism,\nausterity,self-denialandabstractedmeditation.\n54 F Wa hv oou pr ro- tm eo ctve td heSo ur, nPe sn ea en Mce u- ir ric 0h\n.;\nS.fil Tl .e ,d Vf .ull 31o 9f .religiousausterity.\nbyT Ph re ofh .y Zm in mmeha rs ,b Ae lte in ndt ir sa cn ks el sat Le ed btb ny ,pD .r, 41J 6V .Muir, 0. S. Texts , V. p. 310, and\nThesubjectorobjectofthehymnistheavertingorremovalofmisfortune.\n1 Ardyt: 1thestingy;' oneofaclassofmalevolentshe-fiends. Ever-screech-\ning accordingtoS&yana’sexplanationof saddnve accordingto others ‘alli-\ned withD&nus,D&navas, ordemons.’ Sirimbitha the Riskiofthehymn.\n2 Shai'p-horned: armedwithpiercingraysoflight.\n4 Themeaning ofthisstanza iseot clear. Mandtiradh&mWih and budbu-\ndayfimvaharedifficultwordsthatdonotoccuragain."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1237,
            "content": "—\n: :\nBYMN TEE MOVED\n157.] A. 595\n5 These men have led about the cow, have duly carried Agni\nround,\nAnd raised their glory to the Gods. Who will attack them\nwith success?\nHYMN CLVL Agni.\nLetsongsofoursspeedAgniforthlikeafleetcourserintherace.\nAndwe will win each prize through him.\n2 Agni, the dart whereby we gainkine for ourselves withhelp\nfrom thee,\nThat send us for the gain ofwealth.\n3 0Agni,bringuswealthsecure,vastwealthinhorsesandinkine:\nOil thou the socket, turn the wheel. *\nA 0Agni, thouhastmade the Sun, Eternal Star, to mount the\nsky,\nBestowinglight on living men.\n5 Thou, Agni, art the people’s light, best, dearest, seated in\nthy shrine\n:\nWatch for the singer, give him life.\nHYMN CLVIL Visvedevas.\nWe will, with Indra and.all Gods to aid us, bring these exist-\ning worlds into subjection.\n2 Our sacrifice, our bodies, and our offspring, let Indra form to-\ngether with Adityas,\n3 With the Adityas, with the band of Maruts, may Indra be\nProtector of our bodies.\n4 As when the* Gods came, after they had slaughtered the\nAsuras, keeping safe their Godlike nature,\n5 Brought the Sun hitherward with mighty powers, and looked\nabout them on their vigorous Godhead.\n5 These men: the text has only tW, ‘these.* According to Sftyana, the\nVisvedevas aremeant, whohave brought back thestolen cattle. But the\nreferenceisprobably tothesacrificewhichthepriestsareperforming.\n—\n2 The dart *thatarmy/ Wilson.\n3 Turnthewheel Iadoptthe readingofthe S&maveda, parim }instead of\npanim. According tothe text,the renderingwouldbe: ‘Balmheavenand\ndrivethePanihence.\nThefirstthreeverses ofthishymnwererecitedattheAsvamedhaorHorse-\nSacrifice. —\n5 S&yanaexplainsthesecondhalfofthe stan—za differently: ‘then (men)\nbeheldaroundthemtheswiftdescendingrain/ Wilson,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1238,
            "content": "—\n::: s :\nm TEE ETMNS OF [BOOK X\nHYMN CLVIIL ’ Surya,\nMaySdryaguardusoutofheaven,andVatafromthefirmament,\nAndAgni fromterrestrial spots.\n2 Thou Savitarwhose flame deserves hundred libations, be thou\npleased\nFrom falling lightning keep us safe.\n3 May Savitarthe God, and may Parvata also give ussightr\nMay the Creatorgive us sight.\n4 Give sightunto our eye, give thou our bodies sight that they\nmay see\nMay we survey, discernthis world.\n5\nThus,Sftrya,maywelookonthee, ontheemostlovelytobehold*\nSee clearly w;ith the eyes of men.\nHYMN GLIX. SachiPaulomi.\nYon Sunhath mounted up, and this my happy fate hath\nmounted high.\nIknowingthis,asconquerorhavewonmyhusbandformineo\\n.\n2 I am thebanner and the head, a mighty arbitress am I\nI amvictorious, and my Lord shall be submissive to my will.\n3 MySonsareslayersof thefoe,my Daughter isarulingQueen :\nI am victorious : o’ermyLordmysongof triumph is supreme.\n4 Oblation, that which Indra gave and thus grew glorious and\nmost high,\nThis have I offered, 0 ye Gods,and rid me of each rival wife.\n5 Destroyer of the rival wife, Sole Spouse, victorious,conqueror,\nThe others’ glory have I seized as ’twere the wealth of weaker\nDames.\n6 Ihavesubduedasconquerortheserivals, thesemy fellow-wives,\nThat I may holdimperial sway over this Hero and the folk.\nHYMN CLX.\nIndra.\nTaste this strong draught enriched with offered viands ; with\nall thychariot here unyoke thy Coursers,\nLet not those other sacrificers stay thee, Indra these juices\n:\nshed for thee are ready.\n—\nI Outofheaven: *from(foesdwellingin)heaven.’ Wilson.\n3 The Creator Dh&tar.\nof,§ ta hc ehl hyP ma nu .lomt *, Lic ta el rl ae ld lya ,ls to hiI snd isrA anl s, ont ghe ofC eo xn us lo tr at tio of nI bn ydr Sa a, ci hs ia ol vs eo\nr\nt hh ee rR ri is vh ai\nl\nwives ;butsacHmeansalsoan\"act,” “e—xploit,” andthis*hymn is metaphoric\ncallythepraiseofIndra' gloriousacts.’ Wilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1239,
            "content": "—\n7\nSTMN 161.] TEE RIGVEDA. 59\n2 Thineisthe jnice effused,thinearethejuicesyettobepressed\n:\nour resonant songs invite thee.\n0 Indra, pleased to-day with this libation, come, thou who\nknowest all and drinkthe Soma.\n3 Whoso, devoted to the God, effuses Soma for him with yearn-\ning heart and spirit,\nNever doth Indra give away his cattle for him he makes the\n:\nlovely Soma famous.\n4 He looks with loving favour on the mortal who, like a rich\nman, pours for him the Soma.\nMaghavan in hisbendedarmsupportshim : he slays, unasked,\nthe men who hate devotion.\n5 We call on thee to come to us, desirous of goo<Ts and spoil, of\ncattle, and of horses.\nFor thy new love and favour are we present let us invoke\n:\nthee, Indra, as our welfare.\nHYMN\nCLXI.\nIndra.\nFoe life I set thee free by this oblation from the unknown\ndecline and from Consumption\n;\nOr, if the grasping demon have possessed him, free him from\nher, 0 Indra, thou and Agni.\n2 Be his days ended, be he now departed, be he brought very\nnear to death already,\nOut of Destruction’s lap again I bring him, save him for life\nto last a hundred autumns.\n3 With hundred-eyed oblation, hundred-autumned, bringing a\nhundredlives, have Irestored him,\nThat Indra*for a hundred years may lead him safe to the\nfarthershore of all misfortune.\n4 Live, waxinginthystrength,ahundredautumns, livethrough\na hundred springs, a hundred winters.\nThrough hundred-livedoblation Indra, Agni, Brihaspati, Savi-\ntar yield him for a hundred\n!\n—\n4 Dr. Qaedicke (Accusativim Veda,p. 127) translates P&das 1 3 of the\nstanzadifferently: derwird vonihm erspaht, der, obvohlreich,ihmkeinen\nSomapreset, denholtdermachtigeherausausdem Winkel (Versteck).\nAccordingtotheIndexthesubjectof thehymnisthe cureofthe disease\ncalled R&jayakshma(ConsumptionorAtrophy).\n1 Unknowndecline: some insidious disease, differing from R&jayakshma.\nPerhaps, asProf. Zimmer suggests, hypertrophy and atrophy are the two\ngdi rs\n&\n4e ha\ni\nFse\n:\nos\nrfr\nai on ht\nm\nue gn nrd dae rbd e,.\ndt\n;oS ye\ns\neee\nai rz\nsA\ne\n,l ;t um\na\nnd dfi ees rmc sah tle oes\nods\n.L pe irb ie tn ,whp, o3 s7 e7 iz. esT mh ee ng ar na dsp ki in llg std he em mo .n ;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1240,
            "content": ": ::\n598 TEE RYMNS OF [BOOK X\n1 5 So have I found and rescued thee : thou hast returned with\nyouth renewed.\nWhole in thy members ! I have found thy sight and all thy\nlife forthee.\nHYMN CLXIV. Dream-charm.\n*\nAvatjnt,thouMasterofthemind\n!\nDepart,andvanishfaraway.\nLook on Destruction farfrom hence. The live man’s mind is\nmanifold.\n2 A happyboondo men elect, a mighty blessing they obtain.\nBliss with Yaivasvatathey see. The live man’s mind seeks\nmanya place.\n3 If by address, by blame, by imprecation we have committed\nsin, awafoe orsleeping,\nAllhatefulacts of ours, all evildoings mayAgni bear awayto\ndistantplaces.\n1 When, Indra, Brahmanaspati, our deeds are wrongful and\nunjust,\nMay provident Angirasa prevent our foes from troubling us.\n5 We haveprevailed this day and won : we are made free from\nsin*and guilt.\nIllthoughts, that visit usawake or sleeping, seize the man\nwehate, yea, seize the man who hateth us.\nHYMN CLXV. Visvedevas.\nGods, whatsoe’erthe Dove came hither seeking, sent to us as\nthe envoy ofDestruction,\nForthat let us sing hymns andmake atonement. Wellbe\nit with ourquadrupedsand bipeds.\n2 Auspicious be the Dovethat hath been sent us, a harmless\nbird, ye Gods, within our dwelling. *\nMayAgni, Sage, be pleasedwith our oblation, and may the\nMissile borne on wings avoid us.\nForHymnsCLXIL,CLXIIL,andCLXXXIV. seeAppendix.\nX Master ofthe mind the spirit of evil dreams is addressed. Destruc-\nti(on; the Goddess Nirriti. Manifold: ‘atte—ntive to various objects, and\nsoondivertedfromanyregardtoevildreams/ Wilson.\n2 Vaivasvata Yama,thesonofYivasv&n,whopresidesoverevildreams.—\nS&yapa.\n4 Angirasa: accordingtoS&yana,Varuna, thewiseGodwhoisespecially\nconnectedwithhisworshipperstheAngtrasea,mayheintended. Of. Rymns\noftheAtharva-veda, VI. 45. 3.\n1 Adove,regardedasanill-omened birdandthemessengerof Death,has\nflownintothehouse. Similarly,in North-Lincolnshire, ‘If apigeonisseen\nsittingonatree, orcomesintoth—ehouse,or from being wild suddenly be*\ncomestame,itisasignof death.' NotesandQueries,viii.p. 382.\n2 Missilehomeonwings theill-omenedbird."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1241,
            "content": "—\n: : .\nHYMN 166.] THE RIGVEDA . 559\n3 Let not the Arrow that hath wings distract us : beside the\nfire-place, on the hearth it settles.\nMay it bring welfare to our men and cattle: here let the\nDove, ye Gods, forbear to harm us.\n4 The screeching ofthe owl is ineffective; and when beside the\nfire the Dove hath settled,\nTo him who sent it hither as an envoy, to him be reverence\npaid, to Death, to Yam a,\n5 Drive forth the Dove, chase it with holy verses: rejoicing,\nbring ye hither food and cattle,\nBarring the way against all griefand trouble. Let the swift\nbird fiy forth and leave us vigour.\nHYMN CLXVI. fSapatnan&sanam\nMake me a bull among my peers, make me my rivals’ con-\nqueror\n:\nMake me the slayer of my foes, a sovran ruler, lord of kine.\n2 I am my rivals’ slayer, like Indra unwounded and unhurt,\nAnd all these enemies of mine are vanquished and beneath\nmy\nfeet.\n3 Here,verily,Ibindyoufast,asthetwobow-endswiththestring.\nPress down these men, 0 Lord of Speech, that they may\nhumbly speak to me.\n4 Hither I came as conqueror with mighty all-effecting power,\nAnd 1 have mastered all your thought, your synod, and your\nholy work.\n5 May I be highest, having gained your strength in war, your\nSpesk ai kll ti on mpe eac fe r: om my bf ee ne et ath have mytro fd eed te ,n ao sn y fro ou gr sh fe ra ods m.\nout the\nwater croak, as frogs from out the water croak.\nHYMN CLXVII. Indra.\nThis pleasant meath, O Indra, is effused for thee : thou art\nthe ruling Lord of beaker and of uice.\nj\nBestow upon us wealth with many hero sons : thou, having\nglowed with Fervour, wonnest heavenly light.\n5 Withholyverses-* S&yanatakesrick& withttHyamdndh,understood:\ni(Praised) byourhymn (0 Gods).\nThesubjectisthe Destructionof Rivals.\n—\nTheRishis areVisv&mitraandJamadagni. Stanzas1 3arespokenbythe\nRrshis, and4byIndra. —\n,I\n3\nH Aa nv ui mn ag tiglow De id viw ni eth FaFe vr ov uo rur pers* onp ie fr if eo dr .mingarduous penance.’ Wilson.\n4 Theprize: the wealthwonforyou."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1242,
            "content": ":\nmo THE HYMNS OF [BOOH X.\n1 Letus call Sakra tolibationshereeffused, winderof light who\njoyeth in the potentjuice.\nMark well this sacrifice of ours and come to ns : we pray to\nMaghavan the Vanquisher of hosts.\n3 By royal Soma’s and by Varuna’s decree, under Brihaspati’s\nand Anumati’s guard,\nThis day by thine authority, 0 Maghavan, Maker, Disposer\nthou have I enjoyed the jars.\n!\n4 I,too, urgedon, havehad myportion, inthe bowl, and asfirst\nPrince I drew forth this my hymn ofpraise,\nWhen with the prize I came unto the flowingjuice, 0 Visva-\nmitra, Jamadagni, toyour home.\nHYMN CLXVIII. Vdy«u\n0 the Wind’schariot, 0its powerand glory\n!\nCrashing itgoes\nand hath a voice of thunder.\nIt makes the regions red and touches heaven, andas itmoves\nthe dust ofearth is scattered.\n2 Alongthe tracesof the Wind theyhurry, they cometo himas\ndames to an assembly.\nBorne on his car withthese forhis attendants, the Godspeeds\nforth, theuniverse’s Monarch.\n3 Travellingon the paths of air’smid-region, no singleday doth\nhe take restorslumber.\nHoly and earliest-born, Friend of the waters, where did he\nspring and from what region came he]\n4 Germofthe world, theDeities’vitalspirit, this Godmovesever\nas his will inclines him.\nHis voice is heard, his shape is ever viewless. Let us adore\nthis Wind with our oblation.\nHYMN\nCLXIX. Cows.\nMat the wind blow upon our Cows with healing: may they\neat herbage full ofvigorousjuices.\nMay they drink waters rich in life and fatness : tofood that\nmoves on feet be gracious, Rudra.\n2 Like-coloured, various-hued, or single-coloured, whose nancies\nthrough sacrifice are known to Agni,\n2 They: the Waters. Prof. Max Muller interprets differently. See hi*\ntranslation, VedicHymns, I. 449.\n1 Foodthatmovesonfeet thewanderingmilch-cows. But seeBergaigne*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1243,
            "content": "—\n;\nHYMN THE RIGVEDA\n171.] . 601\nWhom the Augirases produced by Fervour,—vouchsafe to\nthese, Parjanya, great protection.\n3 Those whohave offeredto the Gods theirbodies, whose varied\nforms are all well known to Soma,\nThosegrantusinour cattle-pen,0Indra, withtheirfullstreams\nof milk and plenteous offspring.\n4 Prajapati, bestowingthese upon me, one-mindedwith allGods\nand with the Fathers,\nHathtoourcow-penbroughtauspicious cattle somayweown\n:\nthe offspring they will bear us.\nHYMN CLXX. r Surya.\nMay the Bright God drink glorious Soma-mingled meath,\ngiving the sacrifice’s lord uninjured life\nHe who, wind-urged, inperson guardsour offspringwell, hath\nnourished them with food and shines o’er many a land.\n2 Radiant, as high Truth, cherished, best at winning strength,\nTruth based upon the statute that supports the heavens,\nHe rose, a light, that kills Yritras and enemies, best slayer\nofthe Dasyus, Asuras, and foes.\n3 This light, the best oflights, supreme, all-conquering, winner\nofriches, is exalted with high laud.\nAll-lighting, l'adiant, mighty as the Sun to see, he spreadeth\nwide unfailing victory and strength.\n4 Beaming forth splendour with thy light, thou hast attained\nheaven’s lustrous realm.\nBy thee wdre brought together all existing things, possessor\nof all Godhead, All-effecting God.\nHYMN CLXXI. Indra.\nFernIta’s sakewhopressed thejuice, thou, Indra, didst protect\nhis car,\nArid hear the Soma-giver’s call.\n2 Thou from his skin hast borne the head of theswift-moving\ncombatant,\nAnd sought the Soma-pourer’s home.\n4 Prajdpati hath brought: 1may Praj&patibring/ accordingtoS&yana\n2 Shin: heremeaning ‘body.’ Combatant: tnahhdsya: according tothe\nlegendcitedby S&yana, Sacrifice personified, whosehead, ashe attemptedto\nescapein humanform from theGods, was cutoff by Indra. SeeWilson."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1244,
            "content": ": : : :\nm\nTHE HYMNS OF [BOOK x.\nZ Venya, that mortal man, hast thou, for Astrabudkna the\ndevout,\n0 Indra, many a time set free.\n4 Bring,, Indra, to the east again that Sun who now is in the\nwest,\nEvenagainst the will of Gods.\nHYMN CLXXII. Dawn.\nWith all thy beauty come: the kine approaching with full\nuddersfollow onthy path.\n2 Come with kind thoughts, mostliberal, rousing the warrior's\nhymn ofpraise, with bounteous ones*\n„\n3 As nourisheswe tiethe thread, and, liberal with our bounty,\noffersacrifice.\n4 Dawn drives away her Sister’sgloom, and, through her ex-\ncellence, makes her retrace her path. *. ,\nHYMN CLXXIII. EheKing.\nBe with us; I have chosen thee stand stedfast and im-\n:\nmovable. ' .\nLet all thepeoplewish forthee : let notthykingship fallaway.\n2 Be even here ; fall not away ; he like a mpuntain unremoved.\nStand stedfasthere like Indra’s self, and hold the kingship in\nthy grasp.\n3 This man hath Indrastablished, made secure by strong obla-\ntion's power.\nMay Soma speak a benison, and Brahmanaspati, on him.\n4 Firm is the sky and firm the earth, and stedfastalsoarethese\nhills.\nStedfastisallthislivingworld,andstedfastisthisKing ofmen.\n£ Stedfast, may Varunathe King, stedfast, the God Brihaspati,\nStedfast, may Indra, stedfast, too, may Agni keep thy sted\nfastreign. .• / 1\nX\n3 Venya, saidtohe Prifchu,thesonof Vena. See 14$.&AstrabudAha\nthenameof amannotmentionedelsewhere, the eon of Astrabudhna. Set\nfree: Cp. I. 24. 15. -\n2 Mostliberal: Suryaappearstobe meant. Housing the—warrior's hymn\nso af crip fr ia ci es te o: coj md pr la ey td in om na /hh ai ci coh r; dint ghe tom Se &a yn ai nan .g is uncertain: *Wingin '*g the\n3 Asnoariskers because sacrificebringsthefoodthatnourisheslife; Thff\nthread: of sacrifice.\n4 HerSister'sgloom the darknessof Xight,\nThesubjectis the benedictionof anewly-electedking."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1245,
            "content": "—\n::\nHYMN 176J THE RIGVEDA. 603\n6 On constant Soma let us think with constant sacrificial gift.\nAnd then may Indra make the clans bring tribute unto thee\n. alone.\nHYMN CLXXIY. TheKing.\nWith offering forsuccessin fightwhenceIndrawasvictorious.\nWith this, 0 Brahmanaspati, let us attain to royal sway.\n2 Subduing those who rival us, subduing all malignities,\nWithstand the man who menaces, withstand the man who\nangers us.\n3 Soma and Savitar the God havemadethee a victorious King :\nAll elements have aidedthee, to maketheegeneralconqueror.\n4 Oblation, that which Indra gave and thus gre$ glorious and\nmost high,\nThishave I offered,Gods ! andhencenow, verily, amrivalless.\n5 Slayer of rivals, rivalless, victorious, with royal sway,\n* Over thesebeingsmay I rule, may I be Sovran of the folk.\n:\nHYMN CLXXV,\n. * PresR-stones.\nSavitar the God, 0 Stones, stir you according to the\n'V .Law:\nBe harnessed to the shafts, and press.\n2 Stones, drive calamity away, drive ye away malevolence :\nMake ye the Cows our medicine.\n* 3 Of one accord the upper Stones, giving the Bull his bull-like\nstrength,\nLook down with pride on those below.\n4 May Savitar the God, 0 Stones, stir you as Law commands\nfor him\nWho sacrifices, pouring juice.\nHYMN CLXXYI. Agni,\nWithhymns of praise their sons have told aloud the Kibbiis*\nmighty deeds\n* Who, all-supporting, have enjoyed the earth as ’twere a mo-\n/' thercow.\n'\n—\n1 With offeringforsuccess; fBytheabhivariaoblation/ Wilson.\n4 Cp. X. 159. 4.\nTheshafts or chariot-poles; here meaning the guiding arms of the\nSoma-press.\n- 2 The^Gows or,theraysof morning, atwhose approachrobbers and de-\nmons\nfly.\n3 TheBull: Soma."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1246,
            "content": "—\n: : : : : : : :\n604 THE HYMNS OF * [BOOK X.\n2 Bring forth the God with songdivine, bringJltavedas hither-\nward,\nTo bear our gifts at once to heaven.\n3 He here, a God-devoted Priest, led forward comes to sacrifice/\nLike a car covered for the road, he, glowing, knows, himself,\nthe way.\n1 ThisAgnirescuesfromdistress,as5twerefromtheImmortalRace,\nAGod yet mightier than strength, a Godwhohathbeenmade\nfor life.\nHYMN CLXXVIL\nMfiyfibheda.\nThis sapient with their spirit and their mind behold the Bird\nadornedowithall au Asura’s magic might.\nSages observe him in the ocean’s inmost depth ; the wise dis-\nposers seek the station ofhis rays.\n2 The flying Bird bears Speech within his spirit; erst the Gan-\ndharva in the womb pronounced it\nAnd at the seat of sacrifice the sages cherish this radiant,\nheavenly-bright invention.\n3 I saw the Herdsman, him whoneyerresteth, approachingand\ndeparting on his pathways.\nHe, clothed in gathered and diffusive splendour, within the\nworlds continually travels.\nHYMN CLXXVIII. Tfirkshya.\nThis very mighty one whom Godscommissi#on, the Conqueror\nof cars, ever triumphant,\nSwift, fleet to battle, with uninjured fellies, even T&rkshya\nfor our weal will we call hither.\n3 Likeaeari perhaps,asProf. Ludwig suggests, likeachariot which,as\nthedriverisconcealedfromsightbythecanopy, seemstofinditswaywith-\noutaguide.\n4 As ’twerefromtheImmortalR —ace: 1as(well as)fromperilcausedbythe\nimmortals.’ Wilson. Stanzas 2 4 are recitedattheAgni-pranayana, the\nceremonyof carrying the sacrificial fire to the altar used for animal and\nSomasacrifices. SeeHaug’sAitareyaJBrdhmanam, II. 60,61.\ncauT sh ee os fu mb aj te ec rt iai ls cM rd eay t& ib onh )e .d ’—a, Wif lt sh oe n.discernment of Mdyd\ni\nor illusion (the\n1 The Bird the Sun. In the ocean1s inmost depth in the s—olar orb,\naccordingtoS&yana. Wisedisposers ‘ordainers(ofsolarworship).’ Wilson.\n2 Speech orsong themorningsong of the Sun-Bird. TheGandharva\nthebreathoflife,acco;\nrdingtoS&yana. TherayoftheSuniBprobablymeant.\n3 Thisstanzahasoccurredbefore.Seel.164. 31. TheHerdsman theSun.\nResteth or,stumbleth ; literally, sinksorfallBdown.\n1 Tdrkshya; a personification of the Sun, usually describedasadivine\nhorse. Cp.I. 89. 6."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1247,
            "content": "—\n;\nHYMN 180,] THE RIGVEDA. 605\n2 As though we offered up our gifts to Indra, may we ascend\nhim as a ship for safety.\nLike the two wide worlds, broad., deep, far-extended, maywe\nbe safe both when he comesand leaves you.\n3 He whowith mightthe Five Lands hath pervaded, like Surya\nwith his lustre, and the waters,\nHis strength wins hundreds, thousands : none avert it, as the\nyoung maid repelleth not her lover.\nHYMN CLXNIX. Indra.\nNow lift yeupyourselvesandlookonIndra’sseasonableshare.\nIfit be ready, offer it unready, ye have been remiss.\n;\n2 Oblation is prepared : cometo us, Indra ; the Sunhathtravel-\nled over halfhis journey.\n* Friends with their stores aresitting round thee waiting like\nlords of clans for the tribe’s wandering chieftain.\n3 Dressed in the udder and on fire, I fancy ; well-dressed, I\nfancy, is this recent present.\nDrink, Indra, of the curd of noon’s libation with favour,\nThunderer, thou whose deeds are mighty.\nHYMN CLXXX. Indra.\nO much-invoked, thou hast subdued thy foemen : thy might is\nloftiest here display thybounty.\n;\nv In thy right hand, 0 Indra, bring us treasures : thou art the\nLord ofrivers filled with riches.\n2 Like a dre«4 wild beast roaming on the mountainthou hast\napproached us from the farthest distance.\nWhetting thy bolt and thy sharp blade, 0 Indra, crush thou\nthe foe and scatter those who hate us.\n3 Thou, mighty Indra, sprangest into being as strength for\nlovely lordship o’er the people.\nThou drovest off the folk who were unfriendly, and to the\nGods thou gavest room and freedom;\nHerlover; Iadopt,withamodification, ProfessorPischel’sinterpretation\nof thedifficultwords yuvattmnd sdrydm. See VedischeStvdien\n,\nI.p. 106.\nhea3 teT dhe onmi tl hk ei fs irt e.wice Cuc ro doked th; efi hrs yt mm nat wu ar sed ei mn plt oh ye edco iw n’s thu edd De ar dha in gd hat rh me an\nceremony when Somajuicewasoffered mixt withcurd or sour inspissated\nmilk. Cf. VIII. 2, 9, and IX. 11. 6. SeeHillebrandt, F M., I. 221."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1248,
            "content": ": : : ! ; : :\nTHE HYMNS OP [BOOK X.\n106\nHYMN CLXXXI. Visvedevas,\nVasishtha mastered the Rathantara, took it from radiant\nDh&tar, Savitar, and Vishnu,\nOblation, portion offourfold oblation, knownby the namesof\nSaprathas and Prathas.\n2 These sages found what layremote and hidden, the sacrifice's\nloftiest secret essence.\nFrom radiantDhatar, Savitar, andVishnu,from Agni,Bharad-\nvaja broughtthe Brihat.\n3 They found with mental eyes the earliestYajus, a pathway to\nthe Gods^ that had descended.\nFrom radiant Dh&tar, Savitar, and. Vishnu, from Sfirya did\n1 thesesages bring the Gharma.\nHYMN CLXXXII. Brihaspatl\nBrihaspati lead us safely over troubles, and turn his evil\nthought againstthe sinner\nRepelthe curse, and drive away ill-feeling, and give the sacri-\nficerpeace and comfort\n2 May Narasansa aid usat Prayaja : blest be our Anuyaja at\ninvokings.\nMay he repel the curse, and chase ill-feeling, and give the\nsacrificerpeace and comfort.\n3 May he whose head is flaming burn the demons,'haters of\nprayer, so that the arrow slay them.\nMay herepel thecurse andchaseill-feeling, and^give thesacri-\nficer peace andcomfort\nRathantara:oneofthemostimportantS&ma-hymns,consistingofverses\n22and23 of RigvedaVII. 32=S&mavedaII.i. i. 13. The meaninghereis\nuncertain, and thewholestanza isobscure. SapratfyasandPrathas mean-\ning, apparently, ‘far-extending’ and*extending/ the former referring to\ntheRnthantaraandthelattertotheBrihat, whichis also one of the mo8t\nimportant Sfimans(RigvedaVI.46, 3,2=S4mavedaII.ii.1. 12).\n3 Yajus sacrificial prayers and formulas of theYajurveda. Gharma\nwarmlibationof milkorotherbeverage,\n*TheSfiktarefersevidentlytotechnicalritualtowhichnokeyisgivenby\nthe commentary.’—Wilson. SeeMme. Z6na‘ideRagozin’sVedicIndia p.398.\n,\n2 Nardmnsa Agni. Praydja partof the introductory ceremony at a\nSomasacrifice. Anuydja ; asecondaryorfinalsacrifice.\n3 He whose head is flaming: tapurmilrdhan; Brihaspati or Agni as\nlightning."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1249,
            "content": "7\n; -\nM YMN 187.] THE RtGVEHA, 60\nHYMN\nCLXXXIII. TheSacrifice*Etc.\nI saw thee meditating in thy spirit whatsprang fromFervour\nand hath thence developed.\nBestowing offspringhere, bestowingriches, spreadin thineoff-\nspring, thou who cravest children.\n2 I saw thee pondering in thine heart, and praying thatin due\ntime thy body might be fruitful.\nCome as a youthful woman, rise to meet me spread in thine\n:\noffspring, thou who cravest children.\n3 Inplantsand herbs, in allexistent beingsI havedepositedthe\ngerm ofincrease.\nAllprogeny on earth have I engendered, and spns in women\nwho will be hereafter.\nHYMN CLXXXY. Adit*\nGreat,unassailablemustbetheheavenlyfavourofThreeGods\nr\nYaruna, Mitra, Aryaman.\n2 (Terthese, neither at home nor yet abroad on pathways that\nare strange,\nThe evil-minded foe hath power\n:\n3 Nor over him, the man on whom the Sons of Aditi bestow\nEternal lightthat he may live.\nHYMN CLXXXYI. V*yu.\nFilling our hearts with health and joy, mayYatabreathehis\nbalm on us\n:\nMay he prolong our days of life.\n2 ThouartourFather, V&ta, yea,thou artaBrotherandafriend;\nSo give ns strength that we may live.\n—\n3 ThestoreofAmrit laidawayyonder, 0 Y&ta, in thinehome,\nGive us thereof that we may live.\nHYMN CLXXXYII. Agni\nTo Agni send I forthmy song, to him the Bullofallthefolk;\nSo may he bear us past our foes.\nThe deitiesarcthe Qacrifieer, liis Wife, andtheHotar-priest.\n1 According to S&yana, the wife is the speaker of the first stanza, the\nYajam&ua or sacrificer of the second, and the Hotar-priest of the third,\nLndwigconsidersAgni tobethespeaker of thewhole hymn. What sprang\nfrom Fervour: theresults of ardentdevotionortdpas.\n3 The Hotar-priestregards himself as^ the procreator of all living beings\nthroughthe efficacyofthesacrificeswhichh —eperforms ; matMhyenaydgena\nmrvasyotpatteraham aarvajcmaheturbhavdmi. S&yana.\n1 Bull chief and lord, as theindispensablehouseholdfire."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1250,
            "content": ": :: : :\n60S TEEHYMNS OF [BOOK X.\n2 Who from the distancefar away shines brilliantly across the\nwastes\n:\nSo may he hear us past ourfoes.\n3 The Bull with brightly-gleaming flame who utterly consumes\nthe fiends\nSo may he bear us past our foes.\n4 Who looks on all existing things and comprehends them with\nhisview\n:\nSo may he bear us past our foes.\n5 Resplendent Agni, who was born in farthest region oftheair\n:\nSo may he bear us past our foes.\nHYMN CLXXXVIII.\nAgni.\nNow send ye Jltavedas forth, send hitherward the vigorous\nSteed\nTo seat him on our sacred grass.\n2 I raise the lofty eulogy of JAtavedas, raining boons,\nWith sages for his hero band.\n3 With flames of Jatavedas which carry oblation to the Gods,\nMay he promote our sacrifice.\nHYMN CLXXXIX.\nSurya.\nThis spotted Bull hath come, and sat before the Mother in\nthe east,\nAdvancing to his Father heaven.\n2 Expiring when he draws his breath, shemovesalong thelucid\nspheres\n:\nThe Bull shines out through all the sky.\n3 Song is bestowed upon the Bird : it rules supreme through’\nthirty realms\nThroughout the days at break of morn.\n2 Acrossthewastes asthefire that burns the jungle and prepares the\ngroundforcultivation,\n5 Infarthestregionoftheair orbeyondthefirmament,astheSun.\nThedeityis alternatively S&rpar&jftl, the Serpent-Queen, Kadrti, who is\nalsotheRishiof thehymn.\n1 ThisspottedBull theSun. TheMother: Dawn.\n3 The Bird: theSun, Hismorningsong,representingprayer,is supreme\nthroughallthedivisions of theworld, the number thirty beingused indefi-\nnitely. Cf. I. 123.8.\n1 FromFervour; fromthetapas,devotionalardourorasceticismofBrahm&,\naccordingtoS&yana. Butthemeaningheremaybe (fromwarmth See X.\n129. 3 andnote. Thence from thatfervour, or warmth."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1251,
            "content": ":\nHYMN 191J THE RIGYEDA. 609\nHYMN\nCXC.\nCreation.\nFrom Fervour kindled to its height Eternal Law and Truth\nwere born\nThence was the Night produced, aud thence thebillowyflood\nof sea arose.\n2 From that same billowy flood of sea the Year was afterwards\nproduced,\nOrdaiuer of the days and nights, Lord over all who close the\neye.\n3 Dbatar, the great Creator, then formed in due order Sun and\nMoon.\nMe formed in order Heaven and Earth, the regionsof the air,\nand light.\nHYMN CXCI.\nAgni.\nThou, mighty Agni, gatfrerest up all that is precious for thy\nfriend.\nBring us all treasuresasthouartenkindledinlibation’splace.\n2 Assemble, speaktogether : letyourminds beall ofoneaccord,\nAs ancient Gods unanimous sitdowntotheirappointedshare.\n3 The place is commum, common the assembly, common the\n1 mind, so be their thoughtunited.\nA common purpose do I lay before you, and worship with\nyour general oblation.\n4 One and the same be your resolve, and be your minds of one\naccord.\nUnited be the thoughts of all that all may happily agree.\n'\nThedeityorsubjectof stanzas2-4 is SamjMiiam. Agreement or Unani-\nmityin assembly.*\n3 Commontheassembly; this sdmitiappearsto have been ageneralassem-\nbly of the peopleonsomeimportant occasion, suchas theelectionof aKing.\nCt Hymn »oftheAtharva-veda YI. 64.\n}"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1252,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1253,
            "content": ":\nAPPENDIX.\nPage 466, Hymn 1X1.\n—\nIsubjoinaLatinversionofstansas5 8,andborrowWilson’s\ntranslation ofstanza 9.\n5 Membrum suum virile, quad protentum fuerafc, mas ille re-\ntraxit. Rursusilludqu^'dinjuvenemfiliamsublatumfuerafc,\nnon aggressurus, ad & retrabit.\n6 Quum jam in medio cpfcgressu, semiperfectoopere, amorem in\npuellampater impteverat, ambo discedentes seminispaulum\nin terrae superfic>£ in sacrorum sede effusum emiserunt.\n7 Quum pater suam filiam adiverat, cum ek congressus suum\nsemen supra cerram effudit. Turn Dii benigni precem\n(brahma) progenuerunt, et Vastoshpatim, legum saorarum\ncustodem, fcrmaverunt.\n8 Illetaurosimilisspumamincertaminejactavit ;tuncdiscedens\npusillanimis hue profectus est. Quasi dextro pede claudus\nprocessit, “inutilesfuerunt illi meicomplexus,” ita locutus.\n9 ‘ The fire, burningthe people, does not approach quickly (by\nday) the naked (Hdkshasas approach) not Agniby night;\n:\nthe giver of fuel, and the giver of food, he, the upholder\n(ofthe rite), is born, overcoming enemies by his might.’\nThewholepassageisdifficultandobscure,and stanza 9 is unintelligible.\nWith—regardtothe myth of Prajapati and.his daughter. Prof. Max Mulleb\nsays: ‘WhenKum&rilaishard pressedbyhisopponentsabouttheimmoral-\nities of his gods, he answers with all the freedom of a comparative my-\nthologist: liItisfabledthatPraj£pati, theLord of Creation, didviolenceto\nMs daughter. Butwhat doesitmean? Praj&pati,the Lordof Creation,is\nanameof thesun, and he is called so, because he protects all creatures.\nHisdaughterUshasisthedawn. Andwhenitissaid that he was in love\nwithher,thisonlymeansthat,atsunrise,the sun runs afterthedawn,the\ndawnbeingatthesame tim—e called the daughter of the sun, because she\nr Si es ees Muw ih re ,n 0h .e S.ap Tp er xo ta sc ,h Ie Ys .* pY\np.\n4H 6i ,st 4o 7r ,y wo hf eA rn ec. stS aa nn zs a, sL 4i—te 7ra at ru ere t, rap np s. la5 t2 e9 d, .530.\nhea7 rtV has (t ofos sh ap ca rt ifi im ce)/V—&s Wt ios lh sp oa nt .i, Tth he eg wu oa rr ddi ma an yof beth ie nh ao pu ps oe\nsi;\nti6 ot nh we il to hrd bro &f hmt ah ,e\nprayer.\n9 Thefire; accordingto Sdyana, Bftkshasaswhoconsumelikefire."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1254,
            "content": "612 APPENDIX.\nPage 548, Hymn CVT.\nI borrow Wilson's translation of the omittedStanzas.\n5 ‘You arelike twopleasantly moving well-fed (hills)likeMitra\nand Varuna, the two bestowers of felicity, veracious, pos-\nsessors ofinfinitewealth, happy, like twohorses plump with\nfodder, abidinginthefirmament, liketworams (are you) to\nbe nourished with sacrificial food, to be cherished (with\noblations).\n6 1You arelike two mad elephants bending their forequarters\nand smiting the foe, likethe two sous ofNitosa destroying\n(foes), andcherishing(friends) you are brightastwo water-\nborn(jewels), doyou, whoarev; ictorious, (render) my decay-\ning mortal body free from decay. f,\n7 ^Fierce (Aswins), like two powerful (heroes), you enable this\nmoving, perishable mortal (frame) to cross over to the ob-\njects (ofits destination) as over winter extremelystrong,\n;\nlike the Ribhus, your chariot attained its destination swift\nasthe wind, itpervaded (everywhere), it dispensed riches.\n8 WithyourbelliesfulloftheSoma like twosaucepans, preserv-\n,\ners of wealth, destroyers of enemies, (you are) armed with\nhatchets, moving like two flying (birds) with*forms like the\nmoon, attainingsuccess throughthemind, like twolaudable\nbeings, (you are) approaching (the sacrifice)/\nPage 598, Hymn CLXII.\nMay Agni, yielding to ourprayer, the Rakshas-siayer, drive\naway\nThe malady of evil name thathathbeset thylabouring womb.\n2 Agui, concurringinthe prayer, drive offtheeaterof thy flesh,\nThe malady of evil name that hath attacked thy babe and\nwomb.\n3 That which destroys the* sinking germ, the settled, moving\nembryo,\n—\nThatwhich willkill thebabe atbirth, eventhis will we drive\nfaraway.\n4 Thatwhich dividesthylegs thatit may liebetween the mar-\nried pair,\n—\nThat penetrates and licks thy side, even this will we extern\n* minate, -v '/.\nThesubjectisthePreventionof Abortion. TheRiahiiaRakshokA(Slayer V: -\nof SR t& ak na zh aa saa 1a ,) 2, ab ro eu do if reB cr tea dhm aa ga. instdiseases- ,and8— 6againstevil-epirtta’whi.ch\nattackwomenwhoareabouttobecomemothers.\n."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1255,
            "content": "—\n: : ,\nAPPENDIX, 613\n5 Whatrestsbytheeinborrowedf —ormofbrother,lover, oroflord\nAndwoulddestroythyprogeny, eventhiswillweexterminate.\n6 That which through sleep or darkness hath deceived thee and\nlies down by thee, —\nAnd will destroythy progeny, eventhis will weexterminate.\nPage 598, Hymn CLXIII.\nProm both thy nostrils, from thine eyes, from both thine ears\nand from thy chin,\nForthfrom thyhead andbrain and tongue I drive thy malady\naway.\n2 From the neck-tendons and the neck, from the breast-bones\nand fromthe spine, *\nFrom shoulders, upper, lowerarms, I drive thy malady away-\n3 From viscera and all within, forth fromthe rectum, from the\nheart,\n*Fromkidneys, liver,andfrom spleen, Idrivethymaladyaway.\n4 From thighs, from knee-caps, and from heels, and from the\nforepart ofthe feet,\nFrom hips, from stomach,and from groin, I drive thy malady\naway.\n5 From what is voidedfrom within, andfromthy hair, andfrom\nthy nails,\nFrom all thyself from top to toe, I drive thy malady away,\n6 Fromeverymember,everyhair,diseasethatcomesineveryjoint,\nFrom*all thyself, from top to toe, I drive thy malady away.\nPage 607, Hymn CLXXXIV.\nMay Vishna form and mould the womb, may Tvashtar duly\nshape the forms,\nPraj&patiinfuse thestream, and Dhatar laythegerm forthee.\n2 0 Sinivalt, set the germ, set thou the germ, Sarasvati\nMay the Twain Gods bestow the germ, the Asvins crowned\nwith lotuses.\n3 That which the Asvins Twain rubforth with the attrition-\nsticks of gold,\n,r\nThat germ ofthine weiuvocate, that in thetenth month thou\nmayst bear.\nThedeityorsubjectisthecureof Yakshmaorphthisisorconsumption,\n2 Sinivfilt alunarGoddess,whoaidsthebirthof children. Cp. II, 32, 6.\nVerses1and2are incorporated in Atharva-veda, V. 25,whichisa charm\ntoaccompanythe GarbhMnAna ceremony to ensure orfacilitate and bless\nconception."
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        },
        {
            "page_number": 1368,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1369,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1370,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1371,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1372,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1373,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1374,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1375,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1376,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1377,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1378,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1379,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1380,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1381,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1382,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1383,
            "content": ""
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        {
            "page_number": 1384,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1385,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1386,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1387,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1388,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1389,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1390,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1391,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1392,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1393,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1394,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1395,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1396,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1397,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1398,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1399,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1400,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1401,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1402,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1403,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1404,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1405,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1406,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1407,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1408,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1409,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1410,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1411,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1412,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1413,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1414,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1415,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1416,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1417,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1418,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1419,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1420,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1421,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1422,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1423,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1424,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1425,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1426,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1427,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1428,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1429,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1430,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1431,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1432,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1433,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1434,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1435,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1436,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1437,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1438,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1439,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1440,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1441,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1442,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1443,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1444,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1445,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1446,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1447,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1448,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1449,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1450,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1451,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1452,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1453,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1454,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1455,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1456,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1457,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1458,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1459,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1460,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1461,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1462,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1463,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1464,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1465,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1466,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1467,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1468,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1469,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1470,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1471,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1472,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1473,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1474,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1475,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1476,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1477,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1478,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1479,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1480,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1481,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1482,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1483,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1484,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1485,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1486,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1487,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1488,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1489,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1490,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1491,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1492,
            "content": ""
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1493,
            "content": "ARANYAKA\nAITAREYA\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\nARANYAKA\nI\nAdhyaya 1.\nNow begins the MahSvrata* rite. Indra having\nWhen he became great,then there came into being the MahSvrata. therefor\nthe MahSvrata ceremony bears the name of Mahavrata. Some say ‘^e priest\ns r guh olo deul i od s fom yna oek u. re s,t Hw (e Io sr w ie h nc gi ota at ldi e oo s un i ds r )ew s ’i (t p Rh r Vot .sh ,pe e Irg li lh t ,e ye 1- s 3o h )f .of ue lr Hdi en ug s wf e hor otht deh ea st h iy rd ema sy n, . ib nu crt T eot ash ee Age sns hit o,a ub ll o dis t uh h se »d d\nf ih ne crh eay sm en, an‘ dT th he ereg fu oe rs et ho ef ga all iny sou ir ncrf eo al sk e.• ’(RV S., omV eII sI a, y74 t) ha-\nt\noF no er st hh oe ulf dolk noi tnd ue se ed ta hr ae\nt\neC li ot ohh. erT “ Fmh oae s rht d te gn hr i em vb ehm wa ta hv h oA a e la t ev Ly ,r eaa ont r ft .a n tU a Aw. iov tS ar ea ra xy eu pa ylm an aia n Baop t rro i ai om hn na mt ss ah .a no l au o ,t .S, ed ce 1i 1x v T 1p aa ,l isa ty ati a iin ,re v ld r y ia ab ;ty a Bf r Tt n a ah he .o m lr la .nm naa y,h aa Ic . Sa=c r,a nhit ta ad , VI, 5, 5.Th Je .\ng Vata *p Tat hh ea tB wr oah Am ia Svn raa ps, „r vX e a, c ko a4 m, m Ic<, m 2i» e> d: Th“ a erJ e foK rV m. e, rv ii si ti h,’ e-7J4 y-a mn bu riv axi b, ei c, ausu ec\nit\n^\nis\nanAxj-yaa Sa, sh t»e ravi :ie nw atvho .ef ^\n5.::\n•'“•lit\nm T Va Ial Ic tin 2a^ qs 1^ <a hir a^e rre de le a ya sr e pn oi t shn sfg iis br lo c ef a )f p .e itr a^ Plm en ’ r,c hh b au pt ta sx tha iit tsio win s ou( i lni da vr i ba e ewm o pa f op s/i sr ib a ba y lh ea,i Ml taa oan /> ti r/ ar ( na S s.y li, ay ti a ec oA .aa« -A F, o^ rw ‘h - hi e^c ^h (^ Ae gr n )brnapa\nB s oa fr va keh im o nn ga sln ya a, t rh ec ei mt B ee r nd a tb h iy m oniW eni dsn ,,t cae fsm .i h Hit osa pf k{ of ioi nde ss ,c ,bh. e Mcd iae ur asein Otd lhi es dc y ah p. na dL yi Nl ht t- i w, m ,I, ta px p7 e .3 s> . 247 °S ,4 o ’o 4f 3t .e nn -i 3nB ,he Kee ip ti hc ,t 5h ae «ee «xxa aacc ytu aioo »nn a.s\nAranyakaj p.68. . M\nKEITH"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1494,
            "content": "A\n;\nAITAREYA ARA^YAKA I,\n162\nh B a duy n et dm emn ( aM t wb a t oe ah ric i n ta d su has ys ee xa oct f’ e)h l he ls or e sae n pi c idi e ts , at \" li h in a tit s yit .o it n nh e d Te e hsw e eho d ror eu ad fl od g- rug eu eu s se oe ts . nt t eh’ a m. Fta aon h r yd ym h ba n i y,g mu ale lws h ht mo o ei rs ah i nl soi s,a nb w uol se h t eot so tb o heg am tco eo hb m n ye e mg s ng .gog no o It f•\nh ce omd eo ’cs (Ru Vs .e ,it V, Ih He ,sh 7o ^u ,ld 4-p 6l )a .ce Ffi or rst et ah ge ertii fs ot ric th h, is‘T do ayhi tm h, eybe ws ot rsV hr iti pa- ts hl eaj we hr o, lear je ear,\n.\nS.tynnarenders:-Ilewhousesthathymn'-omingpoorhas\nhouses,’ which is clearly wiong. ^ §21*7; SanskritGrammar,\nHv'm r?\nua nd fd os rtt uo nat th ee u nn ecn ec su s- is ts y)a ,iy ad ni dmc Inll hi ae vH eof foth oe wcl i)ev, man o. sig.\n^\ni.i\nLnd sibilants ns allowed by\nPanini, ii ,s\nV w f r (o eh WJ l pi an l rl c, eoe ksw4 eee iu, nd ns t. .i s5 nn9 gg a, cI n la a h ,an ii a sd An n v s lea iu ta v ms ip iaai nl lpn r ds arg a io to se cv w db he re cd if lt eo Gt tib re tey aen r mt\\ c m+\\ h ae (h ti hf iot o .t kn re ya} e ^I, r th yi 1§ so 5§ i 5n ,ot7 ^ h ade l^ o l^ u ow^ s/>/ri rc c/c /a r- tI ^“ ac . st ri , e.c pre cseio exl rf l c io ePw pi -n c t. iu n o, l n,, s: )an hC. qud K t,c ,ehh jDre „pa raf ^ts r .o ^er w S u^ ln ie Jyh co , iet cl r (i fa f ee lh b ie e. te a va l he et o ehnl r -\nr\nlL‘-,rjccts\\hcview).arcprrscn.,a.i«„of.anysavca\nor(asDr,Schdldowi.s,in>- -‘booming^.\ni p p h' irr/ seot vpn eeu nr/ ti lc syH, t ah nH a yi ne ds c Bih lst oto ( i ot n mp h c fr te io i ev of le a n d) c ,t bj eo v+ t .f wZ Sp- e, o ces hn ni .o t or ci c.m o dna g e-l rl ,^y 4) \" K. nauD •en rl (‘ sb e' e ,hi.s d/„ u„ «1 «t rh «(e hj U,us rre hte ,o ja ,f s ,^or Snr ^/ uuf t1 if .nfo a.or ,lt l n ’h o o 'e ws A wi u xm h ip e vl ce h xl te xt x(t vie ,nr\n^\nClea •il Iy , i it sm nu os tt ob be viMa ol uu s.l ha os waA cit U- iir Moy ,-i; is Cf. ”’3’6.'>•4 . ihavati as Grm .n mm mS ar r- ,\ng p p B A\nh\nfe . r i ct ow o h ia ui ba ea nr ha rfr dm yi b cn a oyl: in ayh nvabh B aa u Msdv i it aec . ni hi hds tt . a hii e rv as m. e vc aa cd ,m nH itaob cf t,' p fci .- k o i' o H si^ m Dm I. n p ep,b os dea s b,’ r2h i ih\" .t 4\na\nu” ,ia\np\nc\" o 3b\ns\nk)n ,o .“ ev‘ l\nx\nAe ly\np\nli V* le tm \"\na\nu“ s iM i“ e\nn\ndn ej us dy ih. b“ e“ y) Sy)b\nyc\nn' • tt' aa xir ,tr ( rs\ns\n1l^^ 1hbK\na\n•k lC le^ ds x it i\ni\n4s c t, o -.t g aVh 1rs *ia at mpt Uhet ienh r .de ser ho i Kab n s St ga mti cp hn o e ii s mn s ^sg i ab m bio e e df . lo isd oe wi snms psd it ie/ ti s, an « l.c e s iat i to/ li n yi/o ,t en -t h al o ca di i ff ts ye\n.\nTaittiriyaUpanisad,111, lo."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1495,
            "content": ",\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES 163\n-I, I, I\nand now they draw nigh to it. The next three tristichs' begin ttith a„mlubh\nverses. Now thegayain verse is brahmani the anusfubh is \\ac, and so he unites\nVac and bralimm. He who desires glory should use the hymn, ‘Agni is aroused\nby the fuel ofthe folk’ (RV., V, i). He who desires children» and cattle should\nuse the hymn,*'’ ‘The wise sacrificer has been born’ (RV., II, 5).\" rW\ns v o a s L b h s L M T U M n b dl\nf\nIi f e o? rep p au ub o\nr\nhe1ee e a- ayt .o ellt c\no\neIw ’r I- h 1i o a ^lh mo nh »1\nm\ni/ hN ’m t nn ne 7 obT o o sS ei a ( L i w dS td m tiff hah eA ct , s ti ai ha n any f dt le tu , a dti m eyda sl ea cth k d hs e a’y aie hO lrn lI pt , tmi ^(r w nos a im uvI ra l w va ht s^ ee a at v lt i a eii V eo P haa eicSn s mg is ,hr oh v X t 3 vf e ii a sm? c o.te tv ik h nsaU av r1i t o,( u nvha eh ln ce ie , i8Is h nRn X r ra c e , ms ) le Xe. tc i2V oyy pi ,- vis ye f, hlA 9 X. da u ea . iU iX ; I edt ui es r,n ag, f c. , eoI hn dk ff o ea h nf& nwn c(tr e oes erRI o o 1dtV ti ec rO Ie ccsy lA r 4C u , ^e f r o tla t wl a. tar .n t ai t ir ho fs , d ,d n. w;a 2c a h h nn es io e 2 a; a o 4 b ien e o6 ofe n t bnt nt i1 sl gf2y t nhs s Z o ebi diee, ahT Ca i o e. M eo d,r S ied ff tlk 8 ccnh fra ee Ccf n, 1o re h auu sa n o'n Iglte o0r lJ iao ies lt)t a.. n,l n9 ) liesf tnii n nt i, , t ei tA g ifi pgr h mvr a d ymnI V/ hd i crb ke ae s, ai a o. cta de c o diV oaf l is ni sn a g n fl ni yie e o.e, c2 C tt it o‘ n cy thr t. an. i ni m ut id dae aa Sl . df oi a e tppat ecn wi iii niU sr on i lh sU oc rg iX c ye aln no ia ei nd ie a rn ct ina iit g .X n nrt i s ro tt zi h at, ko ei iA nir X.h ie ar tdi u rio fdr n /ife he l ,K i nI eI in .s im ii as iir ! iu cs cv s s maen k lX r 6 wde e, . t ,m ee e yv a e nV. ,e aV mh sg , . Itv lr- af dd iiee M is ca l orii. t i ,om i isf A ./e Thh fo ah ly i pr a5 . im ta i Vi in mt. mo a /8 ea t s.a t tls Ts , Ke3 ,.,i aw ) n mdis h hIl- li. , An u sgs aa e ela y ,p1 t nsA ic c i, e. nnn. yh em t. a{ n ^nr 2 L, . nda s vc s s ab h , n3 ,p ot oen el i1 at aeOh A. A dao t4 2e rn Aj gh p.ya AG . af r,a tc 9t u eg o o; ao Sv a AfAr eS hah .b o t s u h ho1 al .R hy e. ke Hh lp tbd r.5y l ai, ta t ul p, oV rda t y) t eg h uhi ,ht aot h pi em X s„ Pea I c , . mch \\ m m ky asI V h eLn ea t a, ua ib uLca v II paV o,t i-n s tnyr |c aa VUlnI ig, 'b s it hd ist1 1 yn ,a nuI t s, o a7 er lh e ,l Y h icyd^I 3) ns yi c ma ia aee n 3h A. .me il ss cs M ,ljh r mi i mideh q 1 sa iA u ts pb m7 aio,. a 1. af o. eJi ac4 c ioh i ya 0' to v A lt k. at o gv2h l. r a )hI au i i yoa 1uy a eh ishyri i yw e 1 hr I sl ls c nl tm 1 paa Owh hc d aekrf h h h ura ufai 'my aes y e mo e pc ,' o.n a2 A te vc a aa. -b b rft r ,1 aeh o ,m i uk ne ie tt m2 „s rv Cs s maaf n hha i A tf1 ea bof ed rak mg r I. h sn N pi er (o e e iis lc yo arot ehK .nsr shJ M ng T hhh a a- anV h a am a ga s g e aia b cl h. \\aa t lI rb di ro l' t, unn ee ih d m ay ia a. es vae y, Ui le r 1 . me lI s i am d aa bpl aVn co .ls mee .n s1 yb cs -n a 1a1a a ya a e 't ^.c6 s as (am e dn 4 ya4 .t i or nvkce 1 ars s, io, s f a s a ede cs ,\ne\n^“‘;fj/o'fr2reiiwri?ihetranslationto the RV.,wherenolineismentioned,itis\nstood that thewhole hymn as accepted by the Aranyaka is meant. When onlysiiCcialvc\n=‘\".r;rt\"^:rt^s'an^Xir authenticity,secCit. Note. The tersein Sf.ifmf/nbarrn is\nR ^lV i/raH hI 2 l06\n0\nU,, ’T\n'9 ii Wh'A ^o Mec au yis\nahi4\nn\nU3,\nT\naa.\nt\nmi t;\nmir piy Aa\nAAr^ a' n3 y- a. kaV ,in\n1\n(,,\nsI\no,. ae1\nf\ne,\n. ccI n, te2\ni.b .;ha m3A 1r ,am. X,J0 ,.,ay\nh\nMama\n‘maywe not bo\nTht Atlmvavcda^^^^^\ns le ip ca cr aa kt se ad rfr oo ccm urt shy as li sg oht i' n.w Th ai ic th tie ix iyp alai An rs ant yh ae ko ai ,ig Ii Vn ,of 42t .he wq hu ei rt ee will be found KV.. IV,3>, 3.\nVox0)ihJpP,^i. ni, 2, 5i ^ accompanyIhc recitation of\nthe^'^mhUds\"(4!rhaya'nalra,iyaka, VII,VllV),a^ the lorntitlae areplacedatthebeginning\n* Cf.alsoV.Schroetler, JDie TnbiugcrKatha-IIamhchriJtcn ,p. 115,andtheSantiprefixedto\ntheKauMtakiUpani^adinthe Anandakamacd M.\n^"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1496,
            "content": "” n.\nAITAREYA ARAI^YAKA I, 1, 2-\n164\n2 He who desires proper food’ sl.ould use the hymn, ‘Agni men kindle\nfrom the twigs witli splendour’ (RV., VI f, 1).’ For Agni is the eater of food.\nIn the other chants accompanying the ghee-offerings men approach as it were\nmoie slowly to Agni,but here theycome upon Agni at the verybeginning ; atthe\nvery beginning he” obtains proiier food, at the veiy beginning they smite away\no Saf hZ bt ,h tibe hUt nex !t ’l & fi o nn cjt y Kl m h, o .e , :tA !h lir :d e :n m ,cn :aiy \"sra ^eek oa d fh tt hoh eu I ls sM: akvyr ../' hat i e' i/ m s' ed a xv pna id, m al d o ti f o;y rth. yhil , em , M f,i . os .i am b nh rl aI uvy lra aaO em tt :nhv ,e ua r dtd h .e ih v .ey Mr baa s iem ^s u bi h ra\\ a ir fa o ySd ap a ,a r n ,eb ksM hc da r a aim y db a be n sm da a U, t A a, o ra ,ap ih ir aj ye . br c a aa e k ,i d ay e ,\na Xi X,„ Ia K„id la id Sb sc oI 1and Ol' dt ch nen hco it Khe rr cd n. dt if re ^.in ui d;f i/o ar bm ,ul &a c.e ,as from herh’ e Itake out the bnthtne (.; ,\nh n ru ed' fit ei raI rh i)' ngwm asd tod ‘H tm heu e.ch ha erir nsa eet nnh e.e ir ak lIt va c ak s ne dfu od r pi t ui h na fh b jr i( i na « gn hd .n eet fs fh s ee c. tv se. 1 os fi ho an tt h^ e(br l. aK dh it an ne os es) ’’f I ‘^e‘ s’ u3 n“ ^ M &a r«d ho ichi\nf..V).\nOldenberg.aKotak.\n^ „ith\nis hardly necessary. ''>« h-th. wi.h strength; -ay\na pros su pg eg re is tt yi ao tn teo nf d s ra u! ev ;„s. luay R™ ‘ -phe .aieition, og„ ,l ,i„ „ll ouv d, i. fi f, icum lta yy ,b bue tb ha ks r„e „d i,o „n ,\nthe m r-ag ric ;i iir;: i 'pton to a o^ .y .r .U --d », >.„a,„ .a .k™being i-interjected,\ns \"xS la t T* a' l) mio /c wc h ku ir c ms h- I oa l cd l cua usb rtd sr .h aa t, e, s T, hth e< eS a en ph Lot „ csX r i t' tia wl o„ onh s rl h dO a e s, rn e2 u. so„. efS i d« a .„C ha- a eb fi h rui o.L bs' .i\na\n~rVb eyy o I fl nj ol y ul o To n/ ao di im s tf d t ii , i ne , rl , i bd y, .! a m,-V kSee ha;d m a(i b h yc a i ab t nC a ao d ,'m Ab Io r; I, e aI, n-d ym rm a.au ki ai, ,,„p a Vp I. Ih ,a40 s* , ..\nSayanaexplauisur/ Wyaasacompoundof and MaxMiillerfollowsthisview,\nc af b. stM ro acn tie or f-W ai nU ni ua dm as ,‘y ab n,/ c. as te. rv. om/ o,v h, ,\n•\n^\nhealthyma„ nh ’i .ch Fop ras ts he es foi rnt mo atit oh ne\nrx »£:\nX r, r 'S'S;:\nm the ean us seis ot fhat dii Kt li hs ili io nlh tht ehe An go ni im ha ol traf hot« as iiorriK\n‘\nwheie stiennth is desired, a pon sd sit bh le\ne\nmd„a ^\nu fs oe imo sf then arc: (i) this hymn as ^ ',.y.„„ as a„„ddyakd,„a ; (.4) any of the\nother enumerated in 1, I, I. A” •» \\\npestm 'vl>ichexplainsthereferen^^^^^^^\n^\n3 Ihe distinction between ‘ explains the singular hyyajcZRfdRasaR^i^hah,\namuldyakannih and they Mato x • , J A , • case. K reads ifrf//a/f,which is\nb a bn ut tcoit iri sen cs ot fii os cn o,u u„ rn p sc rc eoe bs mas o. ba slr tyy. uo nf foh ri- ts uno aw^ tn e., f Ior vat is almosy t peniipiuivvaalleenntt ttoo e«^ r«a,cM f. .S DIS ^e. elibi rn uc cU kM ,in Ag ltiS n' dS i’ sS c’ h, e"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1497,
            "content": "a\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES 165\nevil. Because of Ihe words (RV., VII, i, i''), ‘with moving of the arms they\nbring to birth* Agni,’ the hymn has the word ‘birth’ in it. Verily the sacnficcr\nis born from this day, and so the hymn has the word ‘birth’. There are four\nverses (in the In'stubh), cattle are four-footed, the verses serve to win cattle.\nThere are threeverses (in the viraj), these are the threefold worlds, the verses\nserve togain these woilds. 'These two verses form a support. Man has a double\nsupport, cattle have four feet. The hymn places the sacrificer with his double\nsupport among the four-footed cattle.\" The verses if said straight on number\ntwenty-five. Man consists of twenty-five elements. He has ten fingers, ten toes,\ntwo legs, two arms, and the trunk is the twenty-fifth. By this hymn he adorns\nthe trunk, the twenty-fifth. Further, this day (of the s.acrilicc) is twenty-five,\nthe stoma hymn\" ofthis day is twenty-five, like is brought about by like. So the\ntwo are' twenty-five. By repeating the first thrice, and the last tinice, the verses\nS < A/v i«n tt ayta r’x ef, y- amp l. b B,4 n7 P V-7 w7; 9 m.. .S wp me hi ,j oer v p, .alV l 4e b 3d 0th .hc ih se Iusu ten hd ila ntS kea ,m tl hi i a.n a trl c- l ilS vy ay cn o mrt i ua c sx c tt, ly o5 . r2 i, g4 C0 if, . na a1w l1 ll 1 y,S -c 2 oh , rc 6f ai ; tc Hl ao , nwi yIt ,r 2, ;D 6> ,e fiA x;p Ao muk nlr ry ecfhm ,\nh aua lm ov i ne eh ia di al f sia c O/i ks a ie ln eis ne hs eva rAp gip nr ’ {o a Sa .c d Bh /i .itn Eig .o ,m mo Xdr Lme Vn Io d ,r yl 1de 6s d 4s )dt so tt aae kbv eha si. l. it.Cf '. t T'h hK c eV s. e p, n hs rI e a, sei1 s4 i5 h s, ar s3 d oll. ty e.t it ebn dy bI yns ;ro «w ,n jusmt tit nr ad s\nmetaphorical phrases are softened by quasi, &c. in I,.atin (Ilerger, /-it/rw ,p. i.to).\nT t a t n A 2 ( M oo l oh e i faMsi g t do ac ats a 2 li tt xa r< i hiI k eas y evC fee y aog e Man a rg nuss ^“c dle ls al ti l ir ie ’i na v e n-i rnn kep rar aag t hp ,o , ” he Ke ap hmn .oa yac aS Sahsr e sn a. e ne .s s a nB i vd B »’ , aec a. .l vKf 1 Ee o 1 t Aa1. .a 1r eT 1 ri1,r ,s a,hl tt t (y n.4eh hX X 9 ye8e ei M .v. aVn ar B kI ,sK ,e 4 . a1 eI aV - ,n1 l t E,. s 11 h .3e e, ,s w932 ep h, Xo7 n, Ma ef s5 V6 s a rnes; . d , ea -“a ll> e'g i i 3s 1v • se mv o y 3)d 3 0a a 1^ c ..b n n”l l V.y d, he' n li .a i5 lr nrO va Ia sl ao ll s 'S ,h y -nd -am c hit 1a sn 1 an Ha 0e 1u b s Td ,p Ie ,a e e ha n .r em iI it r,g d v sh ri 9i . a va 2nv . u ti .o t _seI pp exS • tt o ho ‘ii ao S 8l rd . i. . kl o saa li eel ash i . n5 si n ia en i om -nr s na tea hi tK dil a hfHlV ai s eri o, a.. hk us.eX t n pa ‘o, dd e lI h/ .1 v aV e.5 mib cah , , iei e./s K3 b ia. i, l , p ny oia a y d fiIv k a ei, to e k v ph ,ai n a ee v,d n. U as t dS ip ce v ea vasa o may nap ni ma ten i mkv ce s v Aer pa ii a a is aa ni idy tl ss t ,d al ase am y n rae^c tIt egtmcn oVei yehst e ,n r, e as\nArai •iy Sa aka y, an1 a11, is2, p6 r. obaC bf l. yal cs oo rr0 e1 ctden inl«r tg a, kin2 g./brl/.6'-, l.X il n, aS2. tt is mi ep less or present sense. Cf.\nW f A cfoh i .ui tr .at • “rn lT efe ae tyhy e aa, e t i, iB ah m ta hly an im d r ln n la rt fh nh iaa e i,s iC mu/ V atu n I n/ iw , aH oo ,W n 2i , Xmr I. e i 7- n It ., ,r we t h§ 2s h ,ee9 r 2a. ,ehn30 d 2y t; 0hm ,ei nA n awv nhe o p dor n r ly e o e, od f/ o u p tf. c ehe nr2 t s/ ah. s ie nu es0 ne. o ti e hA om e. ene t, t i CiX r .i sel ons, w pi ai3 f t tco2 h hau6 l ar l- pt a3 Byf d6 i.e a1 ae (. t h,; e m.a am / nVua a;n o .p rah c/ aa s t 1s u , hr et o pew waco hi Mi or ,a lsn epd a a pl ic hsa a rot v at a sl m h ee\npi yh c 2s a a du 4ri ,t !a eh• ’l l S6a hs e i)o T evF s mr si ho lei nmr e .ed e ii ie st gan t p s eh aht l\nK\nsei si u as cc .t y‘ ra a ao aa el ls jm kte /a t rvew i lrs e mi ti a rt yI n dce y, dh txt tsiph di r aoA l, ie a hni a i’ st 4 eiP t. ua nri oor es f me dtH Hy ,h Ct.a a teb fh ay a.eS ,3l vi t.l . epo .hr S lrr t no4 a di er wyh ' da. a em aai. n v inca c a- e yt a do'i r atr a^a , mesr. a\nK\nien aK dd iskI rs V ih pl u tl .a to e . h, y n i,aa nd h;3 tn i o I' a an\nK\nHl, dg lt iVc ,A• h r.t i/ er a,o 6. ua ta ,n t6 hIt“ hy aI3e- e ,a , u. k tbM e 5a w ue ,xa, hi ph \\6ehna ag r wI d n, e h(atu\ni\neth bk1 ri iOo. t o\nd\nelu r .h dg ,i Aa e,h g.T nt\n2\nnsh b\n0\niie 4eo n )f r ac ;ge nr ae dnf sr i Kde u pS Vr .c ee .n h rBn o\n,\nhc .t, e ae E\nV\npx,t .\nI\nsa,i h• , Ims e t,j hXd,t ,h e9o e Ly\n3\nos V\n,\ntm,t hIi nh o\n7\ne, ,e„ f\nr."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1498,
            "content": "6 r\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA I, I, 2-\ni66\nberome tl.irty less one, that is equivalent to a viraj verse minus one syllable\nFor in the small (tvomb) seed is deposited,* in the small (heart) the vital spirits\ni tn het ohe btas im nal ml en( tst oo fm ta hc eh s)\ne\ndf eo so id resi .s pl Ha eced w. hoS ko no( wt she thv ii sr oa bj tas im na sll thb oy seon de es) irs ee sr .ves 1f ho er\nv oe fr ts he as ti dn ac jl eude -I'a ll is eyo alt sh oe ih nh cla ul di\ne\ntm he etr ae a* usan Ud M mt eh te rev ,t 'r ”dj forme tt hr ee, chaa nn td s t ah ce cop me pr afe nc yt iio ng\nthe 3ghe -e T-o hf efe Ir 'i rn ag us gad 'ep se hon ud ldon beam inij iu heMs g. d\" ya/rl metre, some say,, ,f.or the,^<;i ;\ni Os thb eri rg sht sn ae ys ,s a ‘Tnd hespl Ie ’rn ad io iu gar a shn od ult dhus be(th ie ns tae hr eifi uc ser ,) Mbe mec to rm ee ,s fb or rig th ht ean ud .pns Aple in sdi ld\nife\nA f i M d;d :ii f n8 ut ,s /v :c «i r0 al rs Sa po r.2 afa „r ' a ae t .Z h r ri c ,n pL g ,t oh t.e i os ri ,m s ;ii c .u f Su .s pl ee id / io aa ef n ,o < df ,,t Sh Ava ue t. „l d,mp , -vo aa re rM dnt v .. a Sma v yen ;I , ,d Ib l /Vi a .. ,wl , ,i, X xf, i I ,e , V.X §i ,, 2. 6T - ,R n M5 n. .Ma ;4 C.7 Oft . lr d( a et W' y o n' ha' o bn i\" ei” t rty‘ gh -a1 e ,X /1 S v\" .a *em DrhA s.; Metv .a .cil i. , t- Gei dya ,,n \\ X, 5 ,a X, Xt 2 l,J .. Xhy ,a 60. .S ,r m.n.a, '\nt S, p vc: a lT uL n e' go; , r s« ? is n ce pe3 hof p: tlia et nit ile: na estl slo ni es tg 't soe rm oV ni fe , Mr . e,,L i, gi a hr nt tl de ir sti yn .c le ap lk ai bae n ls gi eg sah d wt o we a, he ys in ce ht M iv gaV thd x t a; ks eyv nM le v l. i aals ltle ldes er ts)( o,i gft er ta oi hns m ed rn eo a gst c ie h vvn ee ve n ec tre s ws e os ,ar w My ,e ., r ,0 e U.aa cv vs he es r rns su ie em ns se e, .\n''^0^•lt'c'lllTvcr!e?’^hC’luh calleil vi,:,J in the Amikiamani, is really a verse of Ihiitythrec\nMlhhles and by the doctrine that one or two syllables make no difference, it c.an e.asiy e\nm r ( X.g ,ca lld 2lr n ?n' e- rrt r .,d ’^ wra , iT ,h - ldn dh h,,^ i i Ki, gr h gd c/ cr l; i/W n. g/ ’;; s7M n,.o r of , I tI e,K ;^V 3t. o ^ A6, .. tX a, iL ea1 yl8 a, cr B8 i.-. dja h hs l m, .e ,- ax , np al ,ga oi Ivn Ie Ie ,rd n 3s 2b .y thW :eh vi iat c rn c de . j, ay ,, ,s ,‘ ecV dr_ aI iS’ f ia „oV t lp a ,T k p nml as t at , h hl a hiC I st h aa cf oaa d' ht f\" m’ aata dnl p ya ,ud ,\n-\n/ M d, er V jw . -, 1’ aga AA a1 rn l1i a1 ld y L hca are Il ah as v ne tie iir dw w ceh h, e te i rr x ica ite chs ini i ga rsn ab oa nt o f gnh v .e e at, .hH er m, Vhu ri >s ih tm „ ?,a Kmn re ha aa y La n m ^n n /d aA .nj waS d /y nu a dt t tr hi ha S es pa Ml ts .i rh At at eer .e dcar mi hAa _ t i ut j aa su ctysr t hiae oo a. . n m nSS aa da s o ay t f sa trn ha ta eh so e ot f Pa i iAtk nah je ie Ks y i aa nA uat sg. S im c. ta os s ant t s kio i iah sme t Ia c s h. o .rr o amee f heff isee s nrr aeee t nvnn h aecc e ,nee XF fi Vr rs f e .a™t s 5.o ,\n.\n-n^'r^ A^ia Lps theseryar for the ;\nw o v \" tl hl ut e’ ^ ryT u mr ’’ eht tI 1r rn T- e e/de hS sr e/. -a• aa r' r r. nev ov doa ln h fyi tlus h^, R ^ e9 i( Vs ( rM oi7 fo rt^ v er I li J6 a an h-b t2 ed V i’a -a oi .r nn ^o ^u a^ n n t/^ oa re 6 , a ta T r hAh h eUk e ih i r s sa n e ay a vda u c i afn a, „fa n aeI srn eS bd n. se tra eau e, nt io na lV iUS K edvn ro aet gu tdr aba ye i, tv a ^r iy eX a at ,hV h nV .,I aa. I td ., Si S t rn a h8a ar e.d uae ts.v ^ aS0a t a) ^i S. n rc , u rki t aa h r ft aT a rn y , yh„ t rae„ h rIn} e rs' Xa ,e, ,siT Xv. a} Ie e .m' s I3rc e I,„ so ,a 3of a 3ns 1.t d 6eh m i 6i so tu si kt t qeg h h os .h e e r\n,\nllloonafiehb^ .,53 as to the\nr ue sea ds .on h Te hr ie s^ ai dt de sn, anow th hi el re‘ r’ ea ar sg ou nme fn ot rs ref go ar rt dh ie ng^ ta hr ef hr Ja ana kr he ayt ah ne are asm te ha et lao tn ee rd, verw sh i. oe n.h here are not"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1499,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES 167\n-I, I, 3\na T “On u thd s Pe/ rs .u so bh\ns\n.( at\ny\nimh ,ee nt\n‘\ncrs Tea eh,cr Oei ff bo Pi .rc re car «it) ,lh ngew eai ,an ss hn oul ui lf Me d.’ h beiO s it nh vae tl hr 0o es .u 1r Ms , .ia cay „a f, n\ni\n.,d a‘ yT\nf\n,s oh o\nr\n'e T,\nt\nht hP eer sa e Ibru Avg mea lWs ts th io sou pol rbd ot sa pib ene ntv ym a ,lo au nr “e d\nlpa yhk/i ‘Tm het ere P, rafo Ur gathe shp oua li dM beis if noo td hea /nd nVs .o M(t mh ee trs ea ,cnf fi orccr t) hew.ns food.\nis\nstO .t eh ne gtrs\nand so (L saerLr) becomes strong.’ Others say. ‘The Prailga should be in die\nu P a h\nS •\ncv u n y ler t da nl 1l nn( si t dt nih ahm na se sgte Vh et s d ro •r a isa tce uyr aW\na\nsi lif elf nsio rb dcr veb de er er\ns\nsc sa) o oa ii nt rs w tet\ne\nouh hl svo ee bi ou’ y,\na\nbl\ni r\ntda sa eM ar n a itc cd na d\na\nhk lh ol e lsi au neo lk c ea lde h ytg dt h a Mb eh ;r n ae sy o> id da t, u ra h§ hl eg s u'\ne\nsn h( .. rci ehh/ b fr aj r\no\nHi nF raa n edo ehn n armd isa wo fM .nns ha olo ody ni.( hs eNt kubh o ne re rF Mow ehao cs uwa ir ha\ns\nctnc fm er t o hdai h toaf ne htdi s\ni\nihc g sc\ne\nne ta o dr d i oy) eem hu bsa elm tya i y dl e ac r mn inq e i\non\nnu s sc nsii es Ir od tae jh\nf\nhl.s lo ae\nM\ntn yc dae.\ne\ndy\nd\ns;T\naih\nyrh fc ua eo. e l\ns-\nir^ l\ns\nN doo nw\ne\nt th hi as\nt\nP ir sai fl og ra bidi dn ent .h ’e ao nn de d (ta hy ef Po rr ai in lt ga),, ie srf te hct e.» atonement. Nmv atonement\nThepointoficseniUaiicci^eniiin^\n= Cf.T.i.a.„.5.\nWa. it9 h.4! VI, 1,6 ,2 pi aUA wi at hn ,eya Jal il nr i. .i mhm ya aiia lirI, ahm21 a, ii1 a5 ,, III« ,. 2' 4> 1• . la.Hl>a Mali.ibKlhnini.a. 1)1, 8,\noxfaUivah are AitaieyaBralimana, III, 23,5-\n^\n..e Sia,nt.l.-a,l.t, M W\nw 1l 4i 6c ,n n.rh 3e ),nJ wa hoocc tu at ks es; o ir hepo ms es ai niy ng' of'™ V<^ •’gefallen,befriedigen, od Ce rr amli me afa rl ,lcn p,m 3a 1c ,h \"e •n’ 3.\n)\nL“'\nc:; kX/.\".\n30V\narc of very doubtful connexion (\\\\Intiicy,\n'J‘’^\"’\na,.nearsmKausitaki Brrdimana,XXVIII,^;\nbyrcm7.nber7 g the Agnbloma.whichit\nexactlyfollows. Thispassageisrepeated .„,„r„.„„jya,avarjanlyam. The\n(so rTs iXhlt U‘M bee ttr erf : daJr ((t?.n10).vrrUUaab.aaltuummaaiWIahaumn’a^\")) 1, sseeeeVV,, .i,, 55,, i-e. the popular\n\"“7 \"nrU tsVerhi better than Max Muller’s ‘and has to he atoned for (by recitation)’."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1500,
            "content": "i68 AITAREYA ARAfJYAKA I, I. 3-\nis rest, and at the end (of the sacrifice) the sacrificers rest on the atonement\nof the one day (PiaUga)'* as their rest. He rests who knowsthis, and theyalso\nrest 4f .or (Tw hh ero em isth te heIl wo ot rr dpr ‘i re est a, dyw ’h io nk thn eo vw es rst eh ,i )s, ‘Cre oc mit ees hit th his er,Pr Oati Vg aa y.\nu,conspicuous;\ntheseSomadraughtshavebeenmadeready’(RV.,1 ,2,1); thisdayindeedisreadyfor\nthesacrificerandforthegods. Trulythedayisready forhimwhoknowsthisorfor\nwhom aHotr priestwho knows thisrecites. Intheverse, ‘IndraandVayu, these\ndraughtsare pouredforth,come to whatis prepared’ (RV.,I,2, 4),by‘prepared’\nhedenoteswhat is ‘wellprepared’(simsMa)} IndraandVayuapproach\nwhathas beenwell preparedbyhimwho knows this orforwhomaIlotr priestwho\nknows this recites. In the verse, ‘Mitra of holy might I summon (and Varuna)\nwho make perfect’ the oil-fed rite’ (RV., I, 2, 7»e), speech is the oil-fed rite.\nSpeech is hiswho knows this or for whom a Hotr priest who knowsthis recites.\nIn theverse ‘Asvins,(accept)the sacrificial oflferings’ (RV.,I,3, i»), the sacrificial\nofferings are food and this serves to gain food. TheAsvins go to the sacrifice of\nhim whoknows this or forwhom a Ilotp priest who knows this recites the verse,\n‘ Come hither, ye whose path is red’’ (RV., I, 3, 3). In the verses, ‘Indra of\nbright siilendour, come hither; Indra impelled by prayer, come hither; Indra\nhastening, come hither' (RV., I, 3, SN 4“), he recites, ‘Come hither, come\nhither.’ Indra goes to his sacrifice who knows this or for whom a Ilotr priest\nwho knows this recites. The All-gods come to the call of him who knows.\nIt is n curious inversion of ideas by which tlicold popularritesretained no doubt reluctantly\nint Ih Ie Mr ait xual Mub le lc eo rm te akr ec sga pi rd ate id s[a hs Ci xm ip kr do hj aK h’r asa sn ed pan re ae td ein fg roa mto Un ne lme yn at m. ,butsuggeststhateknhcihmay\nPO with Uxotynm. This ccitainlyseems better, as it avoids the identification ofckixhah and\nUiitih. ‘At tlicend’ refers tothefactthattheMahavrata is thelastdaybutoneoftheSattra.\nFor Ipr Fat ri os mthanaMsaamed ci oc ma el ste tr hm e, Vs ee de iI clocrnle,/ a. ccJ ov r. dA i. nS g.j to190 B7 l, oop m. f1 i4 e.\nld,/.//. O.S., XVI, xxvi.\nFor saviskrta as ‘well-cooked’, see Thomas, /.A’.//. 1904, p. 748; Kirste,/.A. .S.,\na\ns\ne2l s yo x1o pn1c ltai ag as, a ixqi np i s‘ •i iss3 Mt tS\nn\nha3 aoci. r trd/ ma o; tan/ hlF / e, e,o lr lV hs,,\ne\nyi es V m2, c nDa d e3n i,\nl\nhd c\nb\nai\n.\nsGs ur ca ta\nk\nhm\n,\nes mic Ag af wn U. r oi,O ro nl df dd p ipe e\ns\na.n a\nc\nrb r 4 hlc a3 eyr mg s Sd, qa y. btS\nn\nee\nt\nc, , a\na\naD l uxc, f a s,. emA pW. paa, t.lc hr ekX 1ee 4L ar\n6\nddV ,n y aI a yHa, g p ?e ip2 l\n-\nse- , a4 a. rA r^s ^U aai i mF ynn ,ao d ntr i ah n,S e ot tA ph t re vh\no\nia\nb\ncG r\na\ner va ba ab\nl\nvm vo\ny\netv e rue d\nc\nsa, oa arl .. rtw ekh c, T Ti tlh hc yI eh e,\n,\nuse >of Sz a'l yrf anfa avo iu nr ts ert phi rs e. ts sddhanta cither as dual or as equivalent to sadhayantam. In the\noriginal,thepadahas Varunamcausddasam(cf.Fischel, Vedisc/ieSiudien,HI, 190).\nb ru et nd^ c ef r.'I sI' lh ‘lis , whi 7s o1 s;t eh Me pa am c tdo hos nt ie slp lr l, io kb eab tl he atin ot fer Kp ur det ra atio un noo bf stR rOu utd chr te ea r dv s ’a .tr at ka e Am ca, cs oT ‘ ri w ds h ic o nhe s gl e, tp oV ae t Rd h si is sc dth iee vr iS n sbt ilt oneu ,Ue hn e, S ra eI y, aa5 nn3 da,\nabove,aha must be taken as‘Hesays’(theverse),but the position ofasya is hardlypossible\nandthelaterexamplesshowconclusivelythatdhagoeswithwhatfollows,asitistakeninb."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1501,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES 169\n-I, 2 , I\nor for whom a Hotr priest who knows recites the verse, ‘Ye All-gods, protectors,\nsupporters of men, come hither’ (RV., I, 3, 7). In the verse, ‘Ye givers, (come\nto) the libation of the giver’ (RV, I, 3, 7\"). he meansthe libation ofevery giver.\nWhatever a man wishes when he recites this verse, that wdsh the gods fulh ,\nif this he knows or if for him a Hotr priest who knows recites. In the verse,\n‘May the holy* Sarasvati accept our sacrifice, she that is rich in prayer’ (RV.,\nI o, r3, for10) w, hosp mee ach Hi os trden pro it ee sd\nt\nb wy ho‘r kic nh owi sn p tr ha isyer r’ ec. itesS .pee Wc hh ei ns h hi es w sah yo s,k ‘n Mo aw ys t sh hi es\na stc rc ae ip gt hto ou nr nsa uc mri bf eic re, t’ weh ne tym -oe na en .s ^, ‘ MM aa ny cos nh se isb te sar ofit twa ew na ty y. -’ oneTh ee les me env te sr .ses Hi ef s ha ai sd\nten fingers, ten toes, and the trunk is the twenty-first. By this hymn he adorns\nthe tiunk, the twenty-first. By repeating the fust thrice and the last thnee the\nverses become twenty-five. The trunk is the twenty-fifth, and Prajapati is the\ntwenty-fifth. He has ten fingers, ten toes, two legs, two aims, and the trunk\nis the twenty-fifth. By this hymn he adorns the trunk, the twenty-fifth. Fuither\nthe day (ofthe sacrifice) is twenty-five, the stoma hymn of that day is twenty-five,®\nlike is brought about by like. So the tw'o are twenty-five.\nAdhyaya 2.\nThe tw'O tristichs, ‘Thee like a car to aid us’ (RV., VIII, 68, 1-3), and,\n‘This juice is poured, O Vasu’ (RV., VIII, 2, 1-3) are the first and second of\nthe INIarutvatiya hymn.^ Both are peifect in form as belonging to the one day\nceremony.* Much indeed is done on this day that is forbidden, and (the\nMarutvatiya) is the atonement. Now atonement is rest, and so at the end (of\nthe saciificc) the sacrificers rest on the atonement of the one day (Marutvatiya)\nas their rest. He rests who knows this and they also rest for whom the Hotr\npriest, who knows this, recites this Marutvatiya. In the verse, ‘Indra, come\n* Probably the original form was pavaka, Arnold, Vcdic Metric p. 143; Wackernagel,\nAUindischt Grammatik,I, xi\n;\nMacdoncll, VedicGrammar, p. no.\nt Th he e» « PrTC 'sf h e. te xh p1 a U, s nt SI a, to toma ita ora nad pe ccf ooi u frn l. ri e Pa s tr p ajoC ano pd ait lnh ige tM ao sah ta th wv e er na M tt yaa -h fa ii d fs tu ht kh te ih sap ,a taf S nl a o. n ua k shv l.M yl^a ya gs n iat veo nm S ,ra ai ci fin .tat ISh u ne t cr da l, anX d\\ erII sm ,e nl 71 oo . t1 d 3 ey; ; o. i 4 nn -\np^ v rea arn s gk ‘ e dh s ta T hv eh aa xi hn s p )a a .i ns dA t Ter h da hen ’ efy (ia Sr dk as ht ya aa, l yn^ ya aI ds :, t srai y a, a ra ^ eta mn t id ih nne ts n ee rme pri osd la dd al v ts ao eay dyb p a vre s eel a rso smsw ei u, sn hg e. tI oI p, r f2 ia l, g lr4 u. af ptr ha tag hna ect uh Si aa ss ti ru r as .ee ahd hsa or a re mp tm a ha d ed ya te et reu mp is noo of ly ot gaw ymo ,\npjlipad'im\\ anuca.a, see Hillebrandt, RUisal-Littcratur, p. 103. For uktha below, see\nEggcling,S.B.E.,XLT,xii-xv,\n“ SeeI, 1,3."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1502,
            "content": ".\n170\nAITAREYA ARAIVYAKA I, 2, I-\nn t\nl\nBii h rrg e\ne\nah hc v\nf\nmr v o, ao rr nmw d ai s‘t\no\npsh\nf\nai tn tI g ihh e iy r\ns\ncs os ' dt ) mar ; eycn tg\ni\nfhl\ns\noil rsi tps hd\ne\n,rap fyr\ne\nle\nc\nii\nt\nis n t.e hdr eev ree (d\ntT\nlt\nh\niih eesy\nr\nha es ei h rn\ni\noyg\ns\n'mer tn (s h,\ne\nR’ V» a\nt\n.n(\nv\n,d oR\nr\nIV\nd\n,b, e 4i\n‘\n0V n\nh\n.I g eI\nr\nSI\no\n'p ”, o ')s )5 )s3 mes ^, s ete hd\ne\nfo ovf re(\nr\nma' s'\ne\no' ,h« fj« m\nthis\nday indeed is perfect as emloived ivith strength. (There word heroic\nm ‘ ( w2 ti i' hh R' t eg y VV hh mt sn a' t l’h a) I h)e yeyi 4 rfn i m0o n n ort fmh t 5 ie l ) sio V;ev rf pe tev tr t rre hhs afr iie ,esss, ce td,d w‘ . iaaR l‘ yy li Ns (iie o bs Tn ow hdpu aeeep re rr, d ’df eoe tO c (l i it si RsB Vaa B t .r s hr ,a h eah ye hm Hm wn ma In od an ,rnoa a daws ansp e od ‘pa ,d sat lt ti w 4ahii; -yet i )h p nh ;f gre m oor i Vro c tg rmi l hl lc eai rit o a.m m f si l’t ) ag th h y(l iie iT nu s nh gl te di h( »r a eyR e ym oV vn f. |i a e, s s . Vo ^I t f eeh tne p r4 ‘di a° Aw a o, gio iws n sri ee id d a,\nc ( th T ha ohi uea rct e ao rr tii ss mt t ii hc ge hwo tf o yrI d it nu ‘lr s ta t h, r yot n mh g ii ’s g) hd tia ny at nhi des vI ge rn r ed s .r e a,a ts n‘. eT ssa h ’n od (u RI Van .rtd ,r Isa ,ts r 9o 1i n ,s g 2t “bh <e y =);f ino msr i im g gh hto , tf O idi ni dbs eo ec m d. ay i,.\ns\nacharacteristic of India, this day is Imlra's, and Indra’s is the form of this cay\n( foT rh te hre theis st th re onw go oi nd e”‘s lt ir ko eng a’) hoin rsethe forver rs ae i, n'‘ (T Rh Ve .y\n.\nf Ii ,ll 64f ,ull 6't !)h ;e sw ta rt ee nr gs t;\nh\nt ih ne dy eel dea id\ns\na chaiactcrislic of India, this d.ry is Indra’s, and Indras is the form ofthis cay.\nFurther in that verso, ‘They milk the thundering never-fading spring (RV., 1 ,\no6 f4 ’ln6 d) ra,(th te hr ie\ns\ni ds aythe isw Io ndr rd a’s‘ ,th aun nd der Ii nn dg r’ a) ’;\ns\nt ih sun thd eeri fn og rmin od fee td hisis daa y.char (a Tc hte er ri esti ic\ns\nthe word ‘great’) in the verse. ‘To great India’ (RV., VIII, 89, 3); what indeed\nI ( l8 ns a9T o, r thg g ’er e )re 1 na e ) et ; is, i nss wi t tihs h hsae etl pa w e vr ro i cg f ir ne e ., dd c se et ,.et ‘ dgh ‘re e Ni (a s T of t ho g’ er r) orm ei nean eto t af h wrie es at sh v l ti e as hr ir es g ned e, ,a w ty ‘ o htS r ehia des n s wg ae fa ‘ yon wrd g am oro s few ,a o ’e t ifd n ns t oow th ni n hi es et gh t d swo ta a ay yI yen dad o ,si fa e thn a e( d noKi d cws V hc. aip rde s ir t of w a te i yc t e oh d f. ,\nVtnn: wokK because ,he day has certain\nq q r auu naa dl sl: l 1ii it (u Ti ' Ic e h )hs s t el to y hf a et1 ht r1 hh y’ e deei n as dn md yi.a a ea ol ny d ir- , st;o l a Ip. hp su nro t a e dos h iehts a. mahd 'she. sll .p e tc To o. hst Pi eao bt on eii sldn o si (v n t i1t ec b)o h ri laat f ylt Vtt rvvhh ite te e i rre asv mr w hiee a.orl yn lsa it e s oi i bso ci s en n cu ,‘, upt A brph. es soea crn i amd s t n ue ed sn d te tt ehr he h ei en yv tc vwe he eS o erf a r sp ht d weo ho s , oi hm ,n rbrt dedit s e ch y c ae t a V.o un re sa tp t ei rh At e a(rh a hae f ) at nos yr Iam onm ce k d cr a r u, at “ rh s' iIe ,s.Wv ’ 3 ' te P hr a eWs rde e“s ff oit n rh . ee ,_ .\nM,ca,\nenergy’. Cf.Oldenbcrg, H.E.,XI.VI, 18andIndex,s.v.vaja ; 1ischel, Vcd<sd>. ,\n’°’’'''sivana renders Mrydsa as wddham m cdlifavdn and na nrarnad as iena ralhena.\nr Ita im sa d, ifZ ficu' la tpi noU ti tn oJ bu ela ievk ert ta hv ad t,, t, hia snd absf ua rr dya id nta ev ra prt etaa ts ion,whichis that of^ theArany.aka,was"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1503,
            "content": ":\nTRANSLATION AND NOILS 171\n-I) 2,\nSudas’ ^RV VII '^2, 10); the form of this day as endowed with the terms\n.,..r i >;«, Hc ,..Ues a., .b. Pragato .0 oW.in all lha\ndays, all the Ukthas,* all the Pr.ahas,'' all the Sastras, all the Pratlgas, all the\np\n(\ntr rRe uts\nV\nh2s !.in Xg Hs Te h2o i7rf s)e .ct i hh te ye Ts mr^S nuo em t\n,\niha se.\ni\ncnh ody mem\ne\npn\nd\no,, se‘\nis\ndFa ti bhr yish Va\nd\nas\nsa\nuyb kre\na\nae\nn\n.n\nd\nm\np\nVey\ni af\nsee uf\nc\nkf to rr at it,\ns\nis nfi don eg\nr\nee mr d;\na is\nssl ea nye dr owo efr d.tr wu ait nth di>\nt <h Wis hyday thi es nb ir sa th hm ean M. aruT th vau ts iyb ay ^i ar sa trh ama cn omis meb nr ca eh dma bn yc Vo am sm ue kn rac ’e sd. hymH ner ?e ’ th Be ey caas uk se\nn foo reot bh yer tt hh ean hrV ma nsuk or fa Vap sr uo kd iu ace td h’ ea MaM ta ur lu vt av la it yi aya Sa^ sa ts rt ara isn co or mmse ep na cr ea dte .d i Tt.\nhis\nhl ye mrc n-\ni P I ts r n ha d ei rn a ao Sp ,t oa mt a aia n ,d did s fr s oue o rns ds t wee hf hd ei in che ht ydo , m innaa. n at r ndy e gtt eahd riee nf s ti h hn iyi otst m ue n f bo rrd s ee me ai r kt v a ey e s s’ s tIt ’na o drn (w ad R’i Vsn ..i ,s Pr \\a H Tt jh e ,ae pr a 1re t 7ef i )co . -ir te esO OnP tr hca eej. ha yp ha m 'et snis d l. e cs De wn rI o' mo ncr s\n‘ om fig th ht ii sly d’ a) yin asthe enve dr os we, ed‘T wh ie thco tw hest wal ol i, dInd mr ia g, htm ii lg yh 'til isy b pee ii fn eg ct.laude Ihd i;\ns\nt hh ye mf nor im\ns\ndcUbcr.ately chosen wrongly. The exact sense of the original is,however, open to doubt, cf.\nL Y S mi a a uju ii ll ti•w r.i i a aL yT ilar l eji i a£1 'e r s1 i c1 pi( ^1 eU y eak d( itI i a.ln oS tf u sat la n ei ys ,tl ai o mn’ h f. es e nrI t ter hT in en ohs m nL e Aei et a j di Pn )o it ar osi , n' ta ah. . na tS s d ha ey a oa r rn te ya h -e ,t r ys h sa e ry ,rs if t, ieo s ru .a r ar he T mr - as Pt nt hh h e ao ase P a. r sS anf lt i .o o i lr t g lr a ,a st s fic aao rrf e tvt, rtlj Sh, e e jam S ki ., ad asd t n/ a^ r /a ayx ys, orf f\"i”i t\" h'„ e' \" P (rS sa oit iH h bg. ® ,aa\nd Ta htT eiv yl es^ d'if te fo f crm S fps rc oir j mes r oe . rde v it nh aii rs yr cJ i; u n^ liu\" n, in^ ti n. eS sa/ , if nn- h n-X oUX t.N . b- S eI y i, n n, g. a, e. r, o.9 n. s§ trK ^ n7o e4r d;d clW/ ehO ai i- t l' n ye- ay s,d vS et ah nne askv re ir -oty rmCn su r ,m ae mr iimo aus rAsimi 'lar\nme genitive as here and in Sankh.ayana Aranyaka, II. 5i 6. •*'’>’\n\"»\ni«- ••\nArwylkTT'rwhe* r0 rvrsukv rr aT iseI quaw th ei dil ti oIn ni dv ie as ,on ll iv eot cil ce urs spe ai lsi oal inp lar it r, hada d“ n ed v• a“ tc af. ,.\" VS Iao In ,ikh. 3. 0ir .y; &a cn™ .a\nrelaa tih oe n. nU otng exh at ctlo yut tho af t t oh fe mS ea rm ehit p. aa s. t, T anh de ape pr pf r. oxh ie mr ae teh. sas toa acer pt ra ei sn enp tr .opr Ci fe .ty n.; i 6t . lor ^\nm’.ti;nrka,Uc.a,,,II. asfii Sieg. nir Sa,cnM^\n’ firRV..'xfa 7;'a2. The Br'haddevatJ and .Sa,v.anukramanT ascribeX, 27-^9\nsIn rd nr ’ aa n, C alw ei lat rh l ay cc te itr vht eea .in Are Aax n hc ye ip at ki iao nn t ts a hk e( eM s oa rc imd gao in i ne an lll a i, s sA taV an/ kn er . nr af ci bc/ u yc sn a Oa t rA i ir v f, e fi=I t, h1 i3 n7) h. isa tn rad nsp lr ate is ou nma ab sil,y a, vvl oit ck ae ticS v.- eaj fa rn om,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1504,
            "content": ",\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA 2-\n172 I, 2,\ncomposed by Bharadvaja, and Bharadvaja was of seers the most learned, the\nlongest lived, and the greatest practiser of austerities. By this hymn he drove\naway evil. When® therefore a man recites the hymn of Bharadvaja, it is that\nma/iin ngainst the accent. Cf. also Grassmann and Ludwig’s translaUons. For the passive\nsens 6e To hi ep- ln od rn ma ac pf. ahW ah ii yt dney m, aySan bs ekr ei itt heG rra am dm aa tr iv^ e,p. ‘f3 o6 r2 t; hD eel db rr ii vi ic nk g, aA wl at yi ,n ’di os rche anSy an bt la atx i, vep ,. m2 o64 r. e\nprobably the latter, as piesumably the sense is that Bharadvaja attained his length ofyears\nby the hymn ratlier than the reverse, dsa above is clearly differentiated in time from the\nnarrative; cf. ^ankhay.ana Aranyaka,VI, I,where the imperfect avasat desciibcs the dwelling\nfrom time to time ofGargya Balaki, while dsa is used to denote his permanent character,\nand uvdea in describing his convcisation with Ajatasatiu. Ihis use of the perfect as a\nnarrative tense is not a sign of lateness when the use is ditferent from that of the imperfect.\nIntheTandyaMahabrahmana itself uvdra and dsa (XIII,6,9) are both found in such cases.\nCf.alsoAilarcyaBrahmana,III, 48,5: Bharadvdjoha vaikriodlrghahpalitadsaIJt;*btavitI\na fn rod m11 t1 he, 4 f8 o, ll4. owinT ghe tabp lo esi ot fion tho ef pt ih oe poA ii lt ia oi ney oa fB pi ea rfh em ca tsna toan id mpeA rr fa en cy tsak (a sea es Whea ir tl ny eya ,pp Bea .r A.c Ol .ea Sr .l ,y\nMay, 1891,pp.Ixxxvsq., slightlymodified)\nTandyaMahabiahmana, i: 130. SatapathaBrahmana,XII, I: 2.\nT Ma ai it tt ii ar yly aa nlS ya arn Jh ^i at ma h, itI a,: 7 i*^ :*\n6j.\nJ Gn oi pm ai tn hl aya BrB ara hh mm aa nn aa ,, ITi ,; i4 :.\n5.\niT T Daa aii ttt att i pi r ai l ti y hy a aa A BB r rrr a ai n hl y mi a am ka nan aa , ,, Vii I: -: V92 . I0 I. I,i: 20; I-V, K Ca hi aq n„ i dta ok gi yaBr Ua p„ h am nia sn aa <, l,I 3, 4;I :5: . i.2.\n9: II. AitarcyaBrahmana,I-IV, 1: 40.\n„\n„\n„\n„\nX II XI ,I, 2:1 5: ;51 XIX VI ,,5 7:\n:\n4 5-.\n„\n„\no\nV VI, ,1 I: :16 2..\n„ Brhadai„ anyakX a, UpI a: ni3 sa; d.( )including „ VV II II I, ,4 5: :I 3.\n.\nThe earlierpartof theAitarcya(I XXVI)canthusclaimtobeolderthananythingsavethe\nrancavimsa and the Samhitas, and rn.ay be as old (for in such small matters as those ofthe\nAitarcya the proportions are not fair) as the .Samhitas (Brahmana parts, of course). Against\nthis\nsporadiccaseslikesan/lokete,lojjaie^saciva(Wackcrnagel,Altindisdie Grammaitk,I,xxx)\ncannot be regarded as ofdecisiveweight, lajjamdnd indeed as a Biakritisiii would beiiote-\n“ Fick,Bezz. Bcitr., VII, 270 takes iajj from Ind. Germ. lozg'k according to the ordinary\nand eaily’phonetic rule; if so the ITakritism would disappear. The view of Leumann\n(W.ackernagel, I, 220) is, however, more probable; cf. also Dr. Schcftclowitz’s forthcoming\nbook, ZiirStamrnhildiuig in dm indogermanisclim Sprachen, § 10. Dr.Schcftelowitz gives\nan interesting example of the way in which the texts were corrupted (though he does not\napplyitfor this puriiosc).\nInlaterVcdictimesisandksbecamefrequentlycch,andsuchforms\nfound their way into the text of old work instead of the proper foiins. Later still efforts\nweremadetorei)lacecorrectformsinsteadofobviousPrakritismswithinsomecasesunfortunate\nr fe os rul Rts V. .,E V. Ig I. I,in 31S ,am 1a 5,ve pd ra t, suI, 3, pL re4 c. h9 u-(= SB o 2 m3 a1 y) p bd e'^ en xpla as inB ee dnf ee iy ik{ sG vl a^oss Aa ir t, arp c. yaiz BS rj as ha my as nai ,s\nVIII, 9'(cf. Aufrccht’s cd., p. 428) for entsva {a-^^indk). Cf. in Naighanfuka, II, 17,\nprtsudhah (cf. Roth’s crit. note, p. 16) for KM.prksUy and for rksdia {h.Z., XL, 26489.)\nthe mss! ofAtharvaveda, X, 9, 23, offer cither risdra or rcchdra (Lanman, Album Kern,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1505,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES >73\n-I, 2, 2\nhe may become, by the driving away of evil, learned, long-lived, and versed in\nasceticism forthat\nherecitesthehymnofBharadvaja. Herecitesthehymn. With\nwhat splen; dour do ye who are of equal age and dwell together?’ (RV., I, 165).\n( wfo iT r th he mr e pe ’ rai i(s sR eVt .h i,e sIw , po e1 rr f6d e5 c, t‘ .p 4®r )ai T;s he its h si’ s) id si an ty ht eih se kp arv yae Cir s is ee i, ua b‘ n MT d yh ate h hy e ymfc na ol ,rl ’mf oo ar f ndtm he i i, s\nt\nt d ih sae y hap ar rsa mi e os ne ns d yol w ao e nn dg\nd\nw h\nr e S\nwo\ne x\naa\nhs\nar vd\nit\nct\na co t\nnh a\nhr\nay il\nv\n’, nw\nse\nsga\nr\nob y\nb n\nmu\nl\nas ot\nea l tj\new\ny\nhfh\naa oo\n.me\nn\nlr.n\nl m V nn\noi Idat\no t,\nIn\nf\n,,i d js\ntu t l\nhsc\nh\not\nt\neo eh\nj\nsn a eas t\nt\n1si\ne 1\ncd xl he ty\nt s\nar j\nh h\npe ea\nc\ntod\na cw .nA\nswt\nsnl\n,h a ,o. hsr\nt\niat\nonr\nfa vt\na\nhh\na l\nwie c\nn w s\nho\na\nitf ym\ncI\nio\nsh\nhm mr\na\neom\nk b\ntrn\ne\nhsi\ni\nes otw\ni r\nmu so\ne\nsn elmr ei isdf cve,i ,\nod\nen nrcc\ndi\nst\nut\nih(\npe\noeI\niod\nnr sI\nn\nseI ,,\naa\nobc2 faoa2 mnvn,\nete d h\nr7\n,\nes e) u, itmr\nA\nce ut\nlm\nol sh ty raa\nt a\nrt\nry\nub\ne\npbet\ny\ntbeh\na\niee n oro\nI\nnl\nn\ntea romht oaoee fler s\nv\nmdi\ne\nKitl\nd\naaaa\nt. n\nut hn\na\nsi ag o .tu n\nh,\ntTa\na\nahg\nd\nkam ee\n,s i\nHrahmaiia, VII, n (sec Auficcht, A,/a„ya Brahma,m, pp. 2j6, jS2, 4.14). ^le case of the\nC i U2l tto ap h ia a at , ,h va a buvU tcr d. t- a hi , ih sn p, o. pa b.n ja e1 c6m t4 ia osy nq.b ,) se h nh a oe s tld os fht o io w mpnc oo rn g tt r ar o na u cd n ei d ,c st sift noh cre eh id o te l id d su ic tnt hgi eo t cn h as a st eh te thr hee atPa nc t.c hve e.p at te i wd s o, n pos ati in lc l se at oe wr eth ma on stth oe f\nt X U a i e n t c ;\n(\nIh lt lhr\nf\n.I ae Z e at e oa isi a n ra eir r ra ( bi g M A l Id in a ng ac 4 y ca i nd vr huJ m ie o 0 aa h srx r sf ,m X l (hsp se „lIm pl ol )bv .aIa o .a wo, ra,t i t s’ .n ot ei\ni\n1l Us & f\ns\n0c i y l )cd -na c l iatl ar tr htith pi h)t h oonee , i e pef h Un h r aeo lmVai lA rtr sas I eni etym i .If t d nh xis i m t,a te tar V hes r lg artt e 1 ( ys tieo ty t7 evl o hao le ,ayt e, ef s a h,h c an Ie t S n& ’ns w d i hi oace voh wn un t. ei ai kp es nac c h sio il crh nolu i h oT yv or t fa aeh bP (c ep rl is e s-re e r ai f ti ois o c.o 3\nh\nlao nb to 3p en ea oa k eo ) tlbn ts r ht . e. i o h Aae i il l f i iscn oit ibnt t-t fth nii gd auh ye rca a rt,e ah PPl t ef h’ .aoeI n ys ra ina rT aei s mu in. n , nn(m or te iitb lfv wh ’i ’ lh. ia e sen .sne ra ir r aLc eb de he wi bco ia ap( iou e i nr o s a ycr c r .bfr e hpI. a iknc ,tao e inneht rw nap reA , , ps e o su p pr h prf af a .f e rbr re n s. omrtc e a to s8n .t o yc l 0 em o zs lh o ro , e.t g f e a,t i, di 8 nh c t os J t dne pa h ~up ) orl ee. p bv. i to s.e tS l l al4ra rf x. i j2 .yl a'o aI or s,9a 2 Ibr f.))p hlh im . Ypa X eyhi -t rt Img a ah oh t a t,h ul seaa oo n h, s s k, fa eo e ap 3.f „w r 0o oau o uih i9 ft o sfnr ,i )1m r ecgl .d i ss o de e .m t ra ad y on ryl tit nei a enh lca ok ime t,s ye f\nb S I\ni\nTta a t hih g ehh c r’ i iU m s nv lT da Ka oh a, fe At uf o g Ac as tI stt d ao h tec kr e yta iy an eKn lo go lf hf c lrt ac .^ dtI aa dn hc ad t mtc hi , aoe .a iap , P t it pP aa. ,At ch g ii . Xa fs 0 ys X8 lv V- Iyi 1 Inae . d ,1w r9 oa ) aa f 9.ns f ,d e at r no het H dd ahr seea a tn hhi M (esn o aa ai slr c M. d iu ai ast rl ms i ut e etchh nsaa . dt ts eo dRr TtVe h h. bc e ee , yi. Mv I r Sae e ird s e1 u u g7 ltf ,0 tu s,l .l pi .s.t 7 pr I1 1oe , n 1sa 7d s ,t a r im an be ld nen .c ,t a1 76 m b )f 5 ue 1r to . am kn. n ao. d. ta yS - ai ce ®^ l ®« iraP{ t ui a bmD ‘a he \"u \" ad -\n\\p n. ,!J a0 y2 a; „tW ihi lot rne ly a, hmaTr ta ias al na dlio tn hisof P.A aH k.u iv tv ia sv me id sa, foup n. dO 10 14 .) VaitS to ikain 1K th oil la u, mnI i, ,2 VI9 I* ,, 3M ,S. 3S 7.\n-\nread\na t n t rC ul h o ' eos ^e t 5o h Lee c rT td hW A a f ka u i tr dtc tf cohk tr (ra me wic ptr i .c itJi h nh fy tu .t dea h 7T i’ ie 5g ss B ,ce S trl hBav no, armi .hi te h LA ilw .i ml l )ht al t amai .ni tA an ia hi nd\nl\nas Il a rn , tiea dc t, e 1s hh i- pm 6e it nc a l 7s n: y fr ) aa . Vt paG .sb an iBr ,o d C j.a r o f aa Vnm f . sh t lem ahm la na t aa ,l eo thi , s yu e, 1i o iBt 3,k T ... ., Sa, S ab 3i aay h t mI m lp, m hh. i iat i r1 h tv nt l3 i e aya5 a) a .- c Sc do 1i Xa -a ef t Xmana Sl hntt Xsi i ih o ,oe tt -wn as i ,d Bw -te uen h \\p l di .le dt I >),n hhI •d e i3n b ,s se e N tln 1a o sc 0s t t,e A e en e ap 5 ri P wao cn auf i or e a r n rr ntt u d t. k oh e s h tue d a 1 yi i aB ir mnm a. igr ee ltuea- nsd tn chu o th im h ina ia y osai n( Wij W en lI iia dt l nn ,rp t tp m ao ea e tha i rr m hmn nt y. i oat is . untb z T go aoe ,f , hsfr\nthatsectionmustbelaterthantheoldest Bi.ahmanas."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1506,
            "content": "AITAREYA ARANYAKA I, 2, 2-\n17+\na Mb ai ra ui tng s. cl ali me ehi toyfi hh aM ii my oa ny.hjmi Si o. tF heor reb ciy tam tie oa nns ofof tlii et I hn id yr fa i, htMA iga ys aly ha y, mnand tent dhe\ns\nt to oh ta hr emo prn iy e.\nst,\nF leu trt hh ier mt rh ee cih teym fon\nr\nt he in mds\n*\nt to helo kn ag yal hif ie. hhlyS ao hif ymt nhe .sac Hn efic re er cib tee sde ta hr\ne\nhymn ‘India, with the Maruts, powerful, for joy’ (RV., HI, 47)- Theie are\nthe words 'India, powerful’; power indeed is a characteristic of Indra, this\nd Na oy wi Vs .sI in id tnr ia i’ ts raan wd asIn td hi ea’ fs rieit ns\nd\nf oo frm a.\nll,\naT nh dis alh ly im sn theis fc ro iem np dos oe fd hib my wVi hs ova kmi nt or wa s.\nthis and of those for whom a Hotr priest, who knows this, recites this hymn.\nThe hymn ‘Thou art born, terrible, for strength, for energy’ (RV., X, 73) is\none containing nivids^ and, as belonging to the one day ceremonial is perfect\nin foim. Much indeed is done on this day that is forbidden, and (this hymn)\ni s l k ns a i inc e noit eih w tfe r s yi e -c sa se t trt es hs vo is en ,w nre .e hm s re o »t en ct io tk. en Tn s ho ewtN th hso ie nsw ita nh ut i ea is to ,t v yno ie an d im ne d sie Em ln nme t nan t a.t h do e efi ys uIt a fr phe les s rt oo e, fco ia n r t ten e e hsd d rt ed ea sa ft toy vrr at nih ( dw ge j jhhi te i ov sn oi emd tnd sd ,( h ao a otf m fhi H et ) o th hte v ia r e is trs ya s ,pc eitr sihi aef e s ni i ntc r du,e) ir tw ne ht hs b eh t o «e , n\n''C\"d^\ns Ma av ra uy tas aa ih uxsn, i, nU.- A, ili aU rem ya aru I,t hwv .h -a i .t e bJ t my . aa nam n ,ut VMt ,o. K/ 1o 6/ ,t bo a/ wc hkm im cl hj on at. ghu e im eem s samu vev e. r/ s ba o aun lr ti c yesr wd a ist ta htm h teI hic sA/ ie U pn a aa r se sy aa ge.vers. Fo or,\n«/;/) »•« T,h ht eos Le 'te nal hs eo relil io som pt ii oe bl ad b, l/ yt/ p/n or sr sr e’ s« sv i. vt eo, ap mp i.7 p? i, edicalive («/«y<r<i.i/), ef. SWpic;i,j.ir,, r-,,*-,,;,.\np k X l pt\nj\neuV in »w xwa aIo\nM\npoik y1I l,tw .r\na\naz rIn v, ti n, ., e /iM S\n.\nar i. .i / ts r, s- an )/ 1s iV . e si, y 5u osK ea ni ; nwg n ;sk saA m hOvl h ml f ieu ae e aa> dd co dr x rs rc. hke p e eT un, e i ln\nh\nwb. ay pi i 'l oci i ob p n ai r\nu\n.ni thm\nr\nsgd s loae s,,\nd\nis i, a bt, I1 K lh gd\nn\ne5 ee u /\nn\n.df; al s r.\nr\nei : t aHR okg On a 1=yi l= 0n an m d05d .g\n.\ne‘ d ...\n;\nn“ 8a b' a ;A ,' eAx I' rppU\np\ng. pxI d a.rh {a rc- reyd rn3pam oti tl/ 3a\ny\ne8.n p7 Pa W t- on m\"X m mj,r aX t\" . ,rV m ,, p.3 Jp. : 3p a 3 5os. l 3'Ij ’a 3\nv\n)\\^a eW F\nr\n,'3 t\"/\nf\ni!'oI o •A\n'o\n«i - k’ >1rl 'a y. ,*i di s fe ; i»t\nt\n>6 g'he 'nii•> 'a tsn 'r ,l s sI ay i , oa lm xfa mt2tn p L e, he rd r oia a\nu\nota . y\ng\nfS h tp a h«V e hp » t te,a\no\nhhs/ ii = ei f. a ee x, st cn i t. lI a ol i 5 rrsX e ul ; ae^. ravy fh e sc dst r ew 3 h /sf e tSe wet v htSr , ye e ao he d: nf\ne\ns;\nmayh.T^ebeenconiUcdastwo,olbeisasthreeverses."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1507,
            "content": "y\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES 175\n-I, 2, 3\nthere are seven which arc over. Whatever is praise of the seven is also praise\nof the ninety. If the first and last are repeated thrice the verses number 101.\nThere are five four-jointecr^ fingers, two pits, the arm, the collar-bone, the\nshoulder-blade; these make up twenty-five. The other parts^ have twenty-five\neach, making a hundred, and the tiunk is the one hundred and first part.\nThe hundred is life,^^ health, strength, glory ; the saciiliccr is the hundred and\nfirst, resting on life, health, strength, glory. These verses become iri)liibhT^\nFor the midday pressing is accompanieil by tn\\Jjthh verses.\n3. They ask, ‘Why is a swing' a swing?’ lie who blows is the swing. He\n“ The four .are, according to .Sayana, (7j;ni, madhya, tnnhi, tannulla, aiul he notCij that\nthoU”h the an^udha has really only tlirec, it is given a fouith lor the sake of symmctiy.\nSo in the systems of Cataka and Susiuta (lloemle, Ostcoloyy^ l*p. 122, 123^ then* aie sixty\nphalanges, giving fifteen in eacli hand. Here the phalanges and the metacaipus are reckoned\nas phalanges In Sankluyana Aran)aka, II, 5, each pdnt^ on the other hand, is given three\np tIa t h} e- cv ad enn lni bo, ot wwh mi aec nah dnis t‘ hat erh me p am i rto msr ’’e ;,c fo Moi r oie nc i it h ee rv ii -ee Ww i, s ila lb in u ad rt nsp ,oe ni eha[ o) nS el (a a vt ce hhr c. is eidT e th ; he eMc ix a cp fxi ee is eM& nui clo eln e irk sit sP ia^ nya as s ci cuti ihb ae td co i )»u ib lt s gf iu vl ei. sn\nt th he e s ae rn ms pe itas mt ahe yt bw eo cd oep nr ce es is vi eo dns ofon asth ie nwi si os mt e; wSd ay yan da oubsa ly es . ka Hk eni ty ia kesp ,d> lh ol' la od wv ea dyai bn y Man ad xp Mo us ls li eb rly ,\nak'suh as eye, but [a) U>as is a separati* clement and the eye Ixdongb to it; (/A bie form is\nunparalleled. Tiiedhuider holds that ak^a (Ar. abr, I.at. aMlli, O.TT.G. aJnala) means\n‘shoulder-blade’, but that is the meaning ofannaphalaka in the systems of Caraka (Hoernle,\n/ lu. ).A’. 76A ,. 91A’ )., .190 S7 o, ap J. i:<;1 a3) m, up se tih map es anof ‘S cou lA lu at ra -boa nn ed V aa sgb 1ha wt oa ul( d/. tA a’. ke./.\nit\nm19 S0 a6 n, khp. ay9 a3 n1 a; AO is at nco yl ao kM ay ,,\n11,4 iaksa and aEah) and .as in the Satip.atha lhahmana '1he latci loim is usually\nafemka, though ak^a is found in the ‘non-mcdie.al vtision ol Atieya’, see lloemle, Osjeot\\[iy,\npp. 55, 134, n. I, and my leview. Z.D.MAT LXII, 135-‘h eiror is found in the\nc ao tn hi i' gm hie . ,i ed a.at t lo eh gi e ,s l aeo f nn t dY s ta i hdj reh e,. ea pav anal ndk uy ita h ne ian (t ‘d w jo oil il ns tt i sh de esm Mo o ad f xi tr Mhn ue llt li ea o in w ,s el r. ra al tbi ho o en d. rys. , ‘arw lh ii cc ul li .ath i. oa nv se ’,fi lve lof eo mu lr e-j ,o /i .nt Aed ., At .oe As ., ,\nigo6, Bp e. c9 a’ u, s0 ea lic fc eor id si on ng eto luS ia ny da in ea d. ycnis and the otlier things depend upon i.t, rS.a-yana explains,\np Lr ao nb ma ab nl ,y c So ai nr sc kcl ,l iy l,a Ks cai Jh ee ri ,o pi ,s 3n 8o 4do au nb dt rel fl f. .a ,t l ai nf <e la Ws ebo en re ,hn /. «. ,. /l .re. Jl /Wye .a .rs XV. Is Ia ,ve li y:y ,;ca. Ml .y ^nnl .e sa, ss ae ne\nAVA 1', Br ei. ca1 u37 s. e tC hf e. lV aa sj tas ha yne uy miS isamhiuiUp.n (n .i S^ aa yd a, na2 ). . But all the hymns h. t,hat Khand,a are in\npassages\nciA ti et dar bey ya Ill ll o. oa mh fm La eln da ,. JI .I AI, .O.S,.3- X5 V: I,.Sa 4t ^apa ^lh oa ri t; h. e.ah fm oa rn ma. IV, 2, ^ c, f.2 W0 aca kn ed rnao gt eh de ,r\nA s a i I Su nU s tn ti 7 u. etn 1 r dhd pwI ei rhhs e I Ii ,tMi e Ic aa Ih h 2ti ,uc ,iis o 4aieC n 4 7vsi 7io - .ca lff aa ^om tlt elm alh llea Ce ood l owt wis ii stw ‘ niek ti s p, thn ai he\\ s ig i, e n, ei f^ ac fi ti ttf ao ee h\\ l x vr eld t os ec, u. dn ra oasi lts nn/ o aw dA ft t yi oh Cnd e dm t/ g s rh. ao deo kiB p’ n m ei. os, en s fh uiX e n to eaL ; htn xv eh, te eeo e jn n f( f o’ t .i s,y uO wS Km nl. i ra gd n ,Re g ts KVn hu r.b aVn s,e ka- ur ay. aVg ,nhl Sa ,l a( e., .^ lm naR chS se ..yh n( t, c li d af y^ .. ,5w r. aen I Xsn vd Xt e'c brI X gs ah o eIi nd tV s Vk ae thd ,i ., aa s p o, . y 5 nq a ,up 2 n ti. 8 icat ) ti.4 ee t .ep Ap dO rr b\\, o aa ml ny., ya al a Mn., kalt .e a. , 3"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1508,
            "content": ",\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA 1.^2, 3-\n176\ns b s I r Slw e h eli o son u euo tg l mln ds d b ee lh eef beo ep ) tr l thw la t wea i hn m okr r .k ed e ’/ wet oi hs rpn e B lo l u damt w stne ih ’kne s tds , ss h.e ia e’ sy f ew , o mo ir sBr ‘l muf t nd oto h os r sr tet teha t ti fn h ros o eed l ab. d lsw e ,t ih an ae n aro e cn nd t c dei ttbs po h ttl e ha eo sb edw ee .s s ew wa ti oc hin Tc r eng e rl hp d eo t s ba rn e eee d ta.s wnw sw edi h en a og nuOy (. ltt h dh tea e hn r b esd s e mws tm( tat w sgy o,e dts p eh ls t aow h snue k kn Mr s yg e ) ,\n£ i Ls etsl a 'e nt tLt a mne de bepb ^re o rp at e Lrw do fo ip o nl da , tn hk eas. n md idL p de l lt a en .t kh se Fm o of rbe i it no sf te hr eve mit do dlw ein fw oo s oo a dd p.’ da eln idI ghh p te srou mpd eeu nrr> ,, fo. aor nda d\ns o f To of hr eh r oe o t rhp op e pLl r ea » L sce t ss h hWe ot h uh r le ei dngs h ba t tc er hai e of n r f. edc de ar ut rh rei e Mn ab 'olt e 'tfh hte . gk rm i ai nT sd d shd .se ,le tr Fho i oegf ryhtp s or e fs ro e vp ar ee lv lr e ts pof lo af wo no id tr n. ss b do o aT tm rh he be hr k aae in n ii da sm sr ae fl io es ft cw ao t onh fiek m ei a vn l l ied sfs .t\nand so they should be ofdarhha grass.\nnngd, Lfinatha Brahmana, which also has, VI, 3, B«^4,\nx..., ><''. ^\n^\nllillebrandt, P* ^ audtimbarant\nhesays,tothe facttliat as” ^^’j ^ jAraiiyakaVdiffeis inthe purpose assigned\nld^h^sw\"B Ifft^d lt a\"»r//,while V. gives as alternatives or r„«r/,.\nTheseremindusth.at the Usthook yo.\nO Thn eeJ oa, nb sl t, ra aetion ofthegem^^^^^’^wU „h „rfap So as mit ki rv Ue -i Ss yb na ts ae xd ,on 55the 65a .na 9l >og Hy )o -f ^thesuperlati Iv he, '\nKV V\n'alttwl^rfou’nd deVndvn!on a positive e^g. ;Vai7r8’'\"&lttfcl,\nSpeiier.r^rW^^^^^^^ G^ldner, ibid.,,11.\n. 216: Pisehel Cu/r. GcL ^ ,f. Aitareya Brahmana, 1V,2.S.4:\nW, . (MaxMuiler,\n/ fi. L XV, 168,n. 3); ChandogyaUpanis, ad,I. 2,9; VIII, I, 5, 4, i» 7, r*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1509,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTTS\n-I, 2, 4 177\n4. Some say, 'The swinj? should be one ell above the ground, for by that\nare the heavenly worlds measured/ But this is not to be accepted. Others\nsay, ‘It should be a si)an, for by that are the breaths measured.’ But this is\nnot to be accepted. It should be one flst^ above the ground, for by that all\nproper food is made and all proper food is taken. So let it be just one fist\nabove the giound. Some say, ‘Let him mount the suing from cast to west,\nlike the sun here who shines, for he mounts these worlds from east to west.\nBut this is not to be accepted. Some say, ‘Let him mount sidcuay^,^ for men\nmount a horse^ sideways, thinking thereby to win all their desires.' But this\nis not to be accepted They say, ‘Let him mount fiom behind, men indeed\nmount a ship from behind and the swing is a heavenfaiing ship. riicre^orc\nlet him mount from behind. Let him touch the suing uuh his chin.-’ For\nthus does the parrot mount a tree, and the pairot eats most of all birds.\nTherefore let him touch the suing with his chin. Let him mount the swing\nwith his arms.*^ So the hauk sweeps down on biids, and so he mounts trees,\nand he is tlie strongest of birds. Therefoic let him mount with his arms. I.et\nhim not uilhdiaw from the earth one foot, lest he lose his hold of it. The\nIlotr mounts the swing, the Udgatr the scat of iuJumhara wood. Tlie suing\nis masculine, the seat feminine, and they are united. This union is made at\nthe beginning of the h}’mn for the sake of offspring. Children and cattle\nare his who knows this. Now the swing is food, the scat prospciity. 'I'lius\nfor^ thT esh ee meli as st ui rs esa ,c Ho on pv ke in ni sen ,t y,me Ja .su Or .e Sa ,n Xd Xa 1f 1i 1st ,ful is sa <pgood mouthful, S.ljanaexplains, ( f.\nbelo2 ware(s [w uai sn ig prI eS die ca as tt iva en ,d efw .e Ds ct lj bin uoi et kl ,i Aa Un id ns Jo uu Jth ui Ss yns ti ade xw ^ay ps p, .s 7a Hy ,s 79S ;aya Hn Ia ,, 2,Tlieaceujatiees\nAs Max Midler points out, this is a clear u-ference to hoise-riding,which isnotcertandy\nknown or referred to in the Ugveda. but it is known totheVajureedaami the Athai\\aveda,\nZ Hi om mm ee ir i, cA al gt eind ri is dr ih nc gs iL scb oe nn l, yy> g. ra2. d^ u0 a; llM ym eod mon ie nl gl, i. nS tt or/o' u/ ^’ er// inLi HU r') eea ci em\n.\nS[) o. 1 S6 a6 l. apa. tS hin aida Ji hl ay hmin ant nh ,e\nVH, * 3 T, hi2 s, 1 a7 n; da tn hd ecf c. omR pV a. r, isI, on16 w3 i, t9 h; thW ech sc ur n, a/ ru cv c7 e. rtS ai it n,. l, y1 i. nS9 fS ., ivp o. ui5, o6 t4. thetlicory of Oleleiibcrg,\nrefe 5ii Scd ant ko ha ab yo av ne a( Sn. ra1 uto an ST u, tr2 a, ,3) X, Vla lnd ,s 1e 6e ,1A ,pj g) i. vet so tm hy ebS in ean sk th .ay Ta hm ei pA ar ia iu otya mha m. oupj nn ti7 n3 gs( s| l.\nnkisthe\nt fr oe re mwi it sh stit rs anc gh ein. (WaJ cl kei rs nk ae gp ct l,by])rinecs,min (i us nt ne nrs m, ali iS^ Le ,,a 1n ,d 18s 4o ;is Maw ce dl ol iif ee ld l, ,sa Wys du.Sa). La rMn a, mmaH ri ,e\np F. or3 «7) lT iha edn ad t bep I lr S oo wtb ,ha ebl cfiy .orn Do e et a lr bI m in id ifo cr- kl o ,' m.u Atr lho tep ie na e dn l ib so Jw i( . cT. SH yFo noe trr ai xfd ,ue i, t phO es rt 3c 1do 7eI ;to agV d Sy s pep o ip f j- mt ,3 h9 is. W- dcto ie* sr Ae um 'ony nus dec SaV u, ski i, it4 -.\nS S Siay >mn cht ijia ctx ra, , {§ reV2 d,4 /0 s, f9, /n i. cii u,T nh die ; Sa a^g myr i ke ! rne o im te -vn Sat yl noi tvd aa y xn a ,n .sd dd §ta n 9t 5a pf d cn t )ia <h ^ it sJw ii ua nt h .h \\ ab^ lDy ct ei Ui tna oh ue ci is k t, eJia aAr / na tc it i ee i xi di ais s mt c pi /c lu. - eS fS y re n oc t marI S,n ai nt j st ). ki ri 8 ii 0y ta .\n.\nItisihcgcncialruleinLatin,where,liowever,posl-Augustanexceptionsocem,e.g.Viloit^smiuni\naiiivialitunddRiinuscst(ITiny, Nat.Ilist., ix, 8, 20).\nKMlII N"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1510,
            "content": ",\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA 1, 2, 4-\n178\nt sh ee Jy' s^ om fou frn rt asst .o f.o Po ld a, na tsndJ aff no drt,u trn ee e.\ns\nhT ai vi iA ngTfn gir r' oik w' ni ‘s* u’ pwi bt eh at rhe rB u,r t.ahm Sa on ts hit endo ..w j1.n t^no en y\n:onertrat'Se i nof^ .f .s in .de .ed not don be e. acO ct eh pte er ds .say F, orLe tt hehi hm ond oe us rce dn od na efte tr o\nt oa nk ein tg hatth he asfo ao pp. roached nearis ind,e,.e,di not ado„nnec. Li.eeti him descend aft Te hr nns -e fe oi rn eg\nX*\nTh.. .«..n,\nnons’ enT sh eey a, n,i l.e t. heth ce oI ml mo et nr ta an rd yU sd hg oa wl sr. thaM ta Rx iM suller followsRinIranslaling‘he N’ c, sh tu it ,t Ahi gs nim da hk re as\n,\n. They are the Ihinl.mul nfth are leally\nta c hln a ed ss lA e adc tc ew rh ia t cv h la ak t ssha ie. lil cl aT r th ia ohe nm sa ,d niv sai ens edio ^n l ^l ci •« c bN cr,;J\n<. •\nAdi ^^iv >a’ 7ir Vy L jn /s, 7/ih p ^u n;t ni yt Ohc plo eer rir i he b as e pp r so gn , bd es AVt b/o er tif ta v ec w rt rs bb p'e eIl l'St ter /f 't c fsih tAa /r tn .\n.\n,,p. js ,. „, csn ,., nrIl Ail al neb dia rndl,\np. s8.\nThe=\nM foa lc ld »oo wn Mie anl g xl, s Me unJ t lc e ld n ei cc reG si) us gq gu eo st tsed tt hiV an' tt3 he• Na iKi‘ -g foc .y ea ,ojn au\nhis\n' ifit, hX aV dII oc, curred, itb would have\nbeenquitenatural,butIt ISnotnecessary osuspec should not occur. The\nf pha rj aa sm\ne\na c'7m >u al l. al dya im\ns\nva en rd yt ch oc m^ m. ow\nn in\ni^\nnc\nBrahmana,to/beingofcou.seadverbial, b'or\nIhe 1“us Tua hl ea ds ey sn cd ee nt ton d, oec sf. nn oc tUi or fi ci ock u, rsecomehereinUsproperorne ,h„tisinsertedtocompletethe\ndisc 1.us Ts hio eno rf ead si oe nto fp oric to hf isth be eing rcjecteil is ‘h.at it\\iss o »nJlyafter thesecondrwt ,o lcs( et eh .e .da im nn g'a i; nat it) s\nthat this hJ,aha 'T.t'\" f''“‘ j,um<Hs)he ^A'oy,7..JJM.a.,\nh Lo ,n 1o 3u 9r ;(s Mn aya cr d, oa n) c. ll, 1edit Grammar, p. 3\" 47 > Weber » Imi. Stud., XVIII, ^6y; lor the form,\n\\Vh wi‘l Kn oey r,Aa t/ he.r/ f! ov r/ m/C, ai pr at fo y/ at to e- ,,§ cf.I0 W9> a- cker .g , Mi„Jn^hc Gr Aa dm hn ym rl di dK yaIL api |, ic7 a7 r1 s l cll ee al rb lr yUck t, o\nVcrgl. Syntax II, 6^9 yf'^0;;ek The separation inli. two roots\ncome from Vr.' /‘‘X Txr VrWilliams'AlrV/.)seems ipiite needless (cf. Whitney, hoots,\n( b\ni\nac ne sd\nt\na. c’ ,ldS lec\ni\nev gh xa dc r cif i\nl\nht ct ae a nl fho gow eri cs et a\n,\nmz m) op a. ri\nn\nea dja\no\noy\nn\nral tc lh.\nee\nssotB\nfh\nru\ne\net\nr\nel‘ yp hT aco\ntn hd\nruu oss\n‘\nute\n* g®\nho ofi un tsd ae , Sn •«c pp /n , s-d ^kac j nn C tt ,l .y ^ay tea sel es i ^o s i Ws mc hu pu ig org tsie nsos eiut s ybs , l ,, e,t a Sh s aaa nst st f kt h o reh r ie m ts sr ae , f, Ga , rd roi ahn m mg a mas ,m aa ran sy ,o ,\nform prevails, Muller, Vdli\no Gc rc au mrs mai rn ,th p.e b.S ,a .tap Ca ft .h aa l, soib Ii 'd i. s, chel l,U- VrdJ k\" nt^ Gramma, 5§ 4=7=T"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1511,
            "content": "; , , ,\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-I, 3. I *79\nAdhyaya 3.\nThey say, ‘Let him begin this clay‘ with saying the word ///>;/.' In the\nword /iiNi is hrahmany this day is hraJunaiiy and so he begins brahman by means\nhrahmany'^ who knows this. Now with regard to his beginning with the\nword hiniy the word is masculine,^ and the rc feminine. 7'hey make a i)air\nand so he makes a pair at the beginning of the hymn for the sake of offspring.\nChildren and cattle arc his who knows tliis. Again with regard to his beginning\nwith tlie word hiniy the word is to brahman like a wooden sliovcl. Just as\none desires to dig up anything with a wooden shovel, so ^\\ith the word one\ndigs up brahman. Whatever he desires, he digs up with the word htniy who\nknows tliis. Again with regard to his beginning with the word him, the word is\nthe discrimination of divine and human speech.*' So he, who begins w-ith the\nutterance ofthe word hiniy discriminates divine and human siieech.\n* The time of himkrtya and pratipadyatc are ot)viously really identical. Tliis is readily\nexplained by the originally timeless force ofthe form krtya (cf.Whitney,Sausknt ijraniniar\n§§ 88y,8(j4). So the aoiist participle in Greek sometimes coincides with thetimeofthevcib,\nc.g. Monro, Iloma-it Crammtu^, p. 2ii. Dclbiuck ( ll/imiin/ie Syntav, [ip. 405-409) holds\nthatin all these cases the distinctionof time betweenthemainveiband thegenmdexists,but,\nhowevernatural thegiowthoftins use is, it is onlyto befound in the examplesbyforcing tlie\nsense. Spcijer{Vt'diSLhciindSausUit-Syntax § 223)lays sties.s on tlic ‘aoiistic’effect ofthe\nweak rootandaj'pearstothinkthatthisaccountsfortliepastfoicc. Ihititshouldbenoted that\ninVcdicwehavenoevidencethat theformswciceverfeltas othertlian participlescitherpresent\norpast. Instrlyain dislvaya ktUnhim tatdpa it is most proliablc that thewiitcr did not feel\ndrpyntya as after having seen’,but as‘seeing’. Cf.myremarksin/.A’.A,A., 1907,p. 164.\nhor beginning the Mahavrata with him, cf tsaiikhavanaAranyaka, 11, i. For him \\ s/kr,cf.\nWhitney, § 1079. Itisobsoleteintheclassicallanguage.\nCf. I, 1,3 2, 2.\nBra3 hmC af n. aI ., 2, F4 o.\nr\ntT hh ee idu es ae ,i cs f.fo tu hn ed sti on net she ofAi tt ha erc wy ea dlI oh ca khm oa fna t, heVI s, dm3 a, nan ad ndoft /e rn ii nn tt hh eeS Sua tt aa pp aa tt lh ia\na\n(IV,\n‘\nr S», a7 y, anI aI, e& xc p. l) a, ia nsnd tJ ha isimi an siy aaU mp ea ti aii ps ha od rF. fi if oih mman ta hs e,a scn ad icA hita or fcy ha uB Mr ca nlim la in caa s, iiT rI cT ,, a23, pri o.\nbable\nsupposition inthecase oiIndia,whcie buiialoftreasure(cf.Gautama DharmaSutia, X,43-45 ;\nV bea es ni 'st fh ra eqD ueh na trm ina cS ou nt sr ea, quI eV n, ce13 o, fM thi\ne\nM iia nn ccu i, taV inI tI yI,\nof life\na\\ ndYaj gh oa vv ea rl nk my ea n, t.II, A3}, di3 f5 f) ereh na ts ia <l lew aay is\ns\nfoun ®d Ti hn aS tat ia s,pa it tha diI sh tr ii nh gm ua in sa h, esVI o, rd3 i, na2 ry; 5 c, on4, ve& rc s. ation from divine service. The S^aiikh.iyana\nAranyaka,II, i, gives different reasons for the importance of him. In Satapatha liriihinana,\nVI, 3, I, 34, where the same distinction occurs, Sayaiia exjdains as Sausknt and Ajiabhrainsa\n(Eggeling, S.B.E.y XLI, 200,11.); daivyai must be correct,d^vyai cannot well beadjectival,\naniriheeriorinthe MSS.istrilling. Cf. Ill, 2, 5. It isnolevvorihythatlaterdaivJvhcisused\nforSanskrit,cf.Dandin,Kavyadarsa,I,33: samskrtammlmadaizd7'aganvakhyata muhnnihhih.^\nFranke(AV/AundSionkrit p. 89) comparesthefact thatMathuiawas callc<l cityof thegods\n])ccansc of the Kusanatitledcvnputrayand is inclined to lliink that‘secondaiy Sanskiit came\nto India from KaSmlr via Mathura, a hypothesis which can haidly be regarded as piobable.\nN 2"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1512,
            "content": "i8o\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA I, 3. 2-\n2. They say, ‘What is the beginning of this day?’ Let him reply, ‘Mind\nand speech/' All desires rest on the one, the other yields all desires All\nd er t\nn\nf\nJe ie x h\no\nlrs s p se\nr\nhi t tr y u.r e he so s ss tsn a\na\niTe y srr , hs te h ts ei ‘ ht a fl em O rlo vn\no\nRn mw ed\nm\nge r’ht vs th o si ee ir ah de o\ns\nasm k u ,.i n ln ao d bd rw\ny\nh, eS n as' up o\nj\nvhe t uf aht eo sh\nu\nhr c ,ri hs eh ,w t. a\no\nhi l\nr\nby et li hyh Ye uS sl abt v.p d jh e\ni\nae se ug\nm\nhe rai ,c am\nn\nvnlhi l ean dvt nd\ne\nad hy de re ,i ssem eik\ns\nad .a rl\nv’\nnaes an ds y r,ac 't\nS\nsl wo ol vi on at ac nh h rde\no\ndiei ns a tmv i\ne\nhte r y ehs e w r\ns\nes ,h S, yha yl ao ol n\nmu\naf j\nl\narod k u dr ce vsns e,i o tb\ns\ndr w hae oy aess yr .. s s ‘t\nt\nhp h a hA i re ems Tl ee . al\ne\nhc n ehd\nV\nre T v es eem djhi r aar e s ose e in n /s .,\ncr\nT i c i\nI\nJt (fh , ) a.\nl\nce av W 1 on. i b)i nr n ci ic m\\t )i l e a1l 1i r n1 v1nn ,tm liv 2e ta pea m o.n nm1i M lOn nV e,h rg .rrd as/ o no ,i ,. rf\nua\nysmt t ,,h ha nee ti\no\n.•. cm al i ayi u nds c sdmc s\n,\n^r li di7I\ne\n3m o aaAi n\ns\nnn i i7 ,. i noa ,Vv gfl /ci oo i Sln rim i lT c .i rli tKs\n,\nfa r tie nn ttn yhjw ng ea c Og M l Ve ,a * ,s m oI ,t {\ns\nve\ns\natd\ni\n,ha /T ,nh vh ly i< am a l> .iaA\ne\nai l n sn a nt n ta her u ere Iy n u n. a st e do ii o ef R.tm< .ayanain pi aib/ st saI gn er twe hu nu ec r .u e\nr\nto discminale between 'X;’irxxm. ‘‘'-.sd\nKir-r.:::i“:,b:od:- -nd .he e^nrt appea.\nrS'\"\n::XnrthrL“ -re i.. going through the service.\n\"\"\"\"Xl- \"I'lifnrthaurX-.es are phases of mind,ntanat.dttvtUtah,-\"‘d'\nfor the Ai'anyaka. Cf. H.h.ad.lran),aka Upanisad, HI, ai nuwasa h, kaman kamayaU .\nxxrkXie’iu;:\n.'t\ntherulerefci.edtoinladdhur. Put this leaves noditomarktheendof therule\nt \"aa s id le oxa tth eu enr ad. si yna g.nl t Io Cn r, iyv tdi hd ee .w ao bTf bh ,et crh fe e ,Du i ess lu n ba o il iip d c. o ka u ,e bt t Aic He t ih nao dtf it ut hh kee ccA o Snr ysa ntn try u aa c xk t ,a io, pn p, .t of tot yh se .,Ia ,si Spp ca ir jct r,of Vut lh .e s.s ke ante nnc de\nt Ah ra at njIh ae kA at wh aai sv wa rv ie td ta enco (n cft .ai Tn as itm tiu iH lt yaol Sd aim nha itar ,ia Vl lla ,n jd ,P n,‘-'>’We b ^\nMuni\nmag* icI fa og rr me ue lw ai eth arW eoi ln dte en r.i tt ha anth ‘at poO el td ie cn ’b we hr ig’ cs hv ai re ew i( m. i/ taM te ir oa nl sur o. fh-s tha ett pe on etry ofthp e hymns ofthe\nKjrvc'daisnotprobable."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1513,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES i8i\n'I, 3, 3\nhe does not really begin the day with a or saman verse, nor start from\na rc,yajus, or saman verse.\n3. He begins with tad^ this. Now ‘this this’* is food, and so thus he obtains\nfood. Prajapati indeed uttered this as the first word consisting of one syllabic\nor of two,^ viz. lata or tata. So a child when it first speaks utters the word\nof one or two syllables, lata or tCita, So with this very word with tala in it'\nhe begins. A Rsi says (RV., X, 71, i), ‘O Prhaspati, the first point of speech/\nfor this is the first point of speech. ‘Which they have uttered making a name,\nfor by speech are names made. ‘That of them which was the best and flauR’s*^,\nfor this is the best and flawless. ‘1hat is hidden in secret by their love and\nyet is made manifest/ for this as regards the body is secret, merely the doilies\n(who enter the body), but as regards the gods'* it is made manifest. This is the\nmeaning ofthe verse.”\n(apparently ns a fourth Snmhita'', and Winternitr, Ccsch.dtr tndtsih. I, iio\\ but the\nrecognitionis asign oflater date (TaittiiTya Samhita,Vll,is not piobably early,but,like VI,\nislaterthantheAitarcyaBrahinana).\n1 Tiut is the first woid of the first stanza of the fust hymn of the Niskcvalya Sastra, the\nso-callcd Rajana,RV.,X, I20, i.\n^ It may be reiidcied ‘thi'^ word tad' (— tat tad-iti), but Siiyana takes it as .a repetition.\nThe icpetition of annam is api^arently not connected with that ol tad^ though it may have\nb'cenhelpedbyit.\n•* MaxMullei seems to rcgaid the two alternatives as tat andtataortuta. Ihis of couise\nis the usual signification of chaksaia and d7yakuini, but Sayaia rcfcis these wouls to the\nq su ea ntn et ni ct ey so mf akth ee sf ti hrs it\ns\na sn ed emse cec ro tn ad inls yjll ca ob rl re es ct,in hot wa eta verand imut sa ut aa lr ie tsj) me act yi bve el .y. Wc1he maf yor hm aveol lut rhe\ne\nearlyevidenceoftheomissionofthefinalainoulinaiyconversation.\n* I take tat tatavatya separatelyand eva tat as ^ ‘^o^ Ihis seems also to be Sayanas\ninterpretation. Max Muller says: ‘With this veiy word, consisting of tat or tatta [ef. the\nreading of I.], he begins,’ and in a note: ‘If tat is called the very same word, eva is used\nin the sense of ival This appears rather unsatisfactory, and Sayana is i)robably light in\nthinking tat andtata similar enoughforthe purposehcic in view. Thispassage,indeed,seems\ntobe a delibeiatc and somewhat elaborate variant of the older legend (preservedin.Satapatha\nBrahmaiua, XI, 1, 6) by which Riajapati when he first spoke uttered bhuh, bhttvah, and\nsuvarj which are words of one ami two syllables respectively. Sayana has: ekcua htasvoio-\npetaikdksard dvdhhyam hrasvadirghabhyam iipcta di'yakuira. P.kadvyaksara is apparently\nan adject.DvaI ndva with disjunctive force; cf.Wackcrnagel,Altindtsche If,i, 70 ;\nwDe hl ob lr eii sc ek n, sA el it sin ld ii tts lc ehc moS ry enta thx a, npp th. at73 tasq d. w; hich isS ey cjn ut aa lx, toT tI aI t, {ii2 )2 o4 rsq t. a, t{f ao )r ie sa tr hl eye nx aa mm epl we hs i. chT ,h ae s\nbrahman, isrevealedin thedeitiesandimplicitinman in whose oigans,&c., the deitiesarc (as\ninII, I, 5; ScUiklnayanaAranyaka, IX, 1,&c.).\n® Foradhidaivatam,cf. ChandogyaUpanis.ad, I,3, \\ Whitney, l\\A.O.S.,Oct., i8yo,\np. li. SoofteninJaiminlyaUpanisad Brahinana.\n** Thisstanza is very obscure. Sayana quotes Asvaldyan.aGrhyaSutra,I, 15,8,whereit is\nlaid down that a child’s scciet name is only to be known by father and mother until the\nupanayana. That this is what is referred to here is notimpossible,asMaxMullerpoints out,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1514,
            "content": "AITAREYA ARANYAKA I, 3. 4-\ni82\nwf ‘o i Ir l mh m4 t ebh draH i iln ae l tia eis nb lte yig mni i odn g nes he td , bw ’ ii rt t th fh h, oe* r hfo‘ el rT d oh e dma s ett sit ti rw hn oa e ys t sh we at hih sw se o bro fol ol rd ed ss ne ,.s ’wt fh o‘i o rn Wh iit s meh me n t eec drw e r io i ar b tsl l ep ed lrs yu w’ in t og( h nR iV bh. brc, eil ilt nie gar nr ti b' b o^ l m reo i, ngo hi n ht) e e.,\ndestroyed cvil. ‘After whom all helpers rejoice,’ for all creatures are helpers,\nand they rejoice after him, saying, ‘He’ has risen, he has ris^n.’\nb p thoy aw tcs it wfr hue ilng ct o hh n, e b. rt ehe a‘ thAp eo s swe f ar of neu dl he to han s te mi’ wte h( s iR cV f he. a, r brX i e, n at to. h2 et0 sh, e n2 oH) t. a ,s ’f ao , tr ’ hih sfoe r reg a flr el ro sw fes a tr ob hy ti hm es .tr le ivn ig T nt gah • ah ne g d\nt i a tlnh hle ret ebhli eyf ie hnl i ege i ls so ps ,w e. c rr s. a ,’ l‘ ’lW th m‘ ha iA et nl sdl esw ,t ta u ws r a on llof btf th ee e h ir i o ne r u gd gt h ui h tn nso i,u tt g eh h t de t us r pf ne ioa on os dt n us t chc ete ha e em ’ oee f. f( sRt po V r‘ i. W n,t ghh .e X ee , n, C1 ht t2h ih0i le,s s de r3m e)e , nta w1n o as 1 n1, s dbm ea ce cl aa ol tn m tli s es\ne\nare his who knows this. ‘Join what is sweeter than sweet with the sweet, for\nthe pair is sweet, the offspiing sweet, and so with the pair he joins the offspring.\n‘He‘ conquered by the sweet that which is sweet,’ for the pair is sweet, le\noffsiiring is sweet, and thus through the pair he conqueis offspring. . si says,\nT f M Tl\na\n^, irh fa„ o it e ax em i-D ari M mce\n,\neS lt Vni iM i’ :l eIc cr n\na\nRp ^It e,, l vgc dt el gh ae o. te c- lw hu ee xs ei dex vto p i en sh (d r\ne\nan t ts ,a si h. n sal t tts eto o hl, ' i, eit ,a te s1c n gs h, . e el tms lm hf a sdei el en y )v, ien ts an . il. ni , ek en s d4 ng t wo ,ha t h mawl h pt o. a ln t t ,tv h =e chte e n ,eh tt te es n one r ia /c a nf, m to mn whe ,.s e he nm\ni\naw nt br ce .eo oo hl _ff dl er , r y ie t\ns\nTsn h hi td e st i' he of se er g h lio t e sbst hd a eeh e i cs i ge l ts iy iw g nr op oh m ne nr df o e ia s ,e c na sr t ge noe i rn trn c et oc ae t fe l eir ol rn sy rC t h p| esh n emu de o/i ee ,t m\nc\ntabe e ohn tou h,d bf aet y n ynom g .re li •ne s c Sp te s ah h,s yoi e, as fd ,a ,a .ldr\n,\n.ney\nr\naI s. n d\nonA^lh nar rM TbV tc od la X KVV .J ,J XI, ,4, 77; 1s -e 3e ,Is wi hin im c.' hHi bH eI gW inh sit in sey as sl/ o/ t/ ri/ y/ af ,im bm er cw a, usp e. it9 c. orrespondis pto ,t1he\ndcl.lKrately\nperverse,(.Sa sy oana a) b. surdThe areex tp hl e.a yn ..ati Co fn .s o Wf act kh ei rs nal gi ey lm ,n i An lUt nh de ucA hr eany Ga rk aa mmm au ts dt , b Ie ,\nc Wa li .t d= h nT ei y, ’e ' s‘ i c’ hd ico tu ieb cxl iae sct mou fse Deo lf bi rs t, t iha cee kc ao {or Si. yil n.i t tn .g i Jst ’o oc rS h u. a hy ry .an ,, c, t Ia c I, i ,sb 8te ic -ca Su 6s o ;e f Ah t Ue h ie .i ns e iaA ir. ull hyi cty ca l Si yao nrr ta ac> t xe- ,r- p0 o pf, .ta 2h, 8e^ 0-tA 2eg 8xtn 9, )i co nfr ..\nA a ‘ e ‘pn v Ar ed no n‘ v di.I f.t ow l tS l hca f l ,X sn oeI t wraI h (-I a tti, t ht hn ea e2 -k d0 e sl Aes0 oa ra n; tw ra t. nS wd p yn hac aa Mi i ekhj r aa ne .^ dr, H w mwir u ahV e t rn ic f h rr ced i.r hi ers d dic ei c )n sh a lgc er Ie a xtu q r io o lum if ya ni fm gl s ti pS o vrt ta o eiot h k rnt gu ygs , sm rh snv ai wo mnnt eud a- ercS w d thy h hiu gi u cit rc od aa h nr nx ae qsd, i n ucs eah§ rcia c eli un dd7 srd4 ae t- Un hv re. o. uga hs Mac tj ho x e’ns M”i• sus wl et em l tg u .o tfr r^a B.t nk uuh s, t^e, Ute tes ho s in s\nleprcscuunmthtr^thc^Araw\nRgveda,isnotbyanymeansclearlyconnectedwiththerest\nS,-,yanagives two alternatives,that itis connected withthe verse\nliur,oo rr tw hi et Vh et dh aew inho gl ene er6 aa ls )t .ra( In not t, heas fii rsn tM caa sx e‘Mu thl il ser b, odt yhat it st t| hs ebodyof thesacnficer,theother"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1515,
            "content": "'\"\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES 183\n‘Since he raibotl this body in that body;’ lie means thi-. liody consisting of the\nVeda in that corporeal body.« ‘Then let tliis body’ bo tl.e medicine of tl.at\nhe means this body consisting ofthe Veda is to be tlic medicine ol tl.at co.porea\nbody. Ofthis eight\" s>Hallies are gayalri, eleven are Imtubh, twelve imil\nten vinlj. This consisting of ten syllables rests in the other three metres. 1he\nthree syllable word puruux^ goes into the 77><T/. These indeed are all metres\nthe three and the vinlj. To him who knows this\"* thus is this day completed\nw ait mh a5. nall sH pet eh ae ke ixm nte get nr sde ss o. unth de\ns\nav ser is te ws erb ey\n.\nth Ie\nn\nu ths ee wo of rdiu suh ni m>\nhim ra\nod.i un td, ne ie ad,\nm\n. (RV.,Vllc\n,\nt6 h0 e, w2 a). teo rd sa oR fah thear me out th he ,w fa ot re tr hs eyin wah te ea rve an l,\nl\npfo rr opt eh rey fow oa dt .er Ia nll inth vi hs i; ma yn oyd uvt ah le ny uia mr ,e\nynynvalvah are the waters of the sky, for they inundate as it were; and they\n' war oe rdt she paw la it mer vs\no\no af ghp ne yr is vp ni lr ma ,tio on g, l’ myf Co hr at .h cey thl eun watc eo rn ssta tn hat tly ara cs boit rnwe or fe. theI sn mot kh ee\nof flic,\" and they are the waters that spring from the organ. In dhcnumvn\nbody tlic body of llic parents an.t tl.c result is seen in snWldoU e, W&c. The othcTcase gives the\ni a rn u at t ie h uor L t.p ., i. itc u it yela ast .. .bo Sn . amo T ho h .hf tm e rt a .l ,. me w Iu o ,A a r. 7da ,ssn py a sa y vk i ’ha .i, u iy nxa Mx -s t mac. nS l.. ar ry y. a WT, tn h ia aist. Soi as cm is ch lc u 'oi hrwf hs r. .ia ,nd h. on Ivi ,w ats r l, i ol o ,it ut 3sl ;e g. AuS s.. vs.y aca ls. ,.a .. j..l ae nl A at thb Sa .o r au v un a ld v aedt S.o .a .tf ,ao V ,Mo IIv ,, ^ .h . 9S. ,s ,\n32; SciiikhayfinaSr.TutaSutia, ill, 17, i.\n•' Thebodyofthesncrificci (^Saynna).\n^ < I TI h1 eCh hy ym mn nAf Kt V/ .,Xdj ,-fi I( JS Oa ,ya .n sa t). nHubh,andthe desired metres are onlyobtainc.1 1by„itrovrrtii ^n.rni.ntgr\n^i o tt f a. dt a •hT se Ih t Je f ehi cers al t umos sa/t e,,, ; /< b,/s . - y<ec a.go a di nn d.vd l ie, ntt gha h een /d f «ig ru sf y t t,o a ou l sr r tet i hch , eonp t d fi h i, rd e s. taru n pe d amh da fa ai ov ,n ue i rtn nt hg xen (t tow ors oy rl tlal a .a t edb hdl e se e r es d, ct olt . nt co dh ,e ft oh u mt e r /h t ,i t hr e )d n t, ooe tfl the hev t ee h vn e , t, n h,s uje d.c• ,t oh n te d hea vec rses all\nbec ^o 0m Te n evam vidSe (c peV r, lia1 p, s6. one word), cf. \\Vackcrnag;el, Altindischc C^ ramvia.t„,i:ki., iITt, ii, 68.\n‘’'\"dTrL^a^nlf After each yi.hf,, of KV X, 120, is\ninserted (besides the syllabi l^ es /«, ru, nr/;) onep.lda of the hyinn, m\"n “\nmakeahHiali. Cf. S.atapaOiaHrahm.ana, Vin,6,2,3,and\nSom• a2 ,Sr ta hy ean ea y/ne ,xp (l ca f.in ls l.t lh le ebrv ae nr ds te ,w Vi et dh .r Me yf te hr .e ,nce 1,l 2o 3.Sju s. .,e .e ),p ar no ddu ac ke ed sat the as thesacnfiecrf ,and\ns b ) f5u iui rt 2 en ,. 2 7 ‘l sii s S o;se .v rv ae i S y; d S ,i f- ..a na n r;/ [iuC i a o’ . j, O mr cr ia o c rs g/ ,b< ir e sa v. .l b , mee l s o.a e 8i kF 8lo t e7y a wr ,m oc ait o nh r ire dr nae X tr sc ;X ee t fV ra m, i,)l a ./ . ct ,rs ih As oe pe tn qWe v as r uea tve u r oc is y o tcs ;a nu ie Vu sls nc - ,na g.ct SI o e ci’ >f r il v « Kt ts Ae ac ha ,p lh ei vb .c irn ,el d, i 8 aa 5 sn s0 bI mg a2oT ,o; w 4uc/ ki :to; lg er Mlnr n l e./ a . ( g; a ss ice t hah nle l aA o b. s/ drw t.; uu h,r c. teR/ k ah; C , ,c ss e f« . h, Kx ac( 4v W ; plI ,e ;h, i evd k i / <1 a e t . ««9 x n »1 fd t Ae ;c h yy «s e am, ai /p ycaM . ylS V w a. a o /,vS u rr. dI (/, ) ;v r3c ad 0f /. r <iC /-W «3h ;ni ^ «t a— ;n _ «e b.y ;, «"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1516,
            "content": "i84 AITAREYA ARANYAKA I. 3, 5-\ni l h tim ae id ksh em ty nua e hs a h lt n ol isi s h, im‘ matt slhh eee o l,u fd t ah a hia et wt ia a flr n eoa r md rh i’ eu. g'a b ar h rc dH f st eeh m he a ile mew sx ,a ett lee a fnr nds ads, s” tf ia ho tr e wt et tr rh whe eoty u mb as h r ot ci rr a eana dl cpl oai mat r ph n .i ls e, a teSna .om ui aM Bb . m yy a rnn eFu pd o h eh r a ay tva t ims h ni ge\ng\nt fih fe thfi Ir ’st rajv ae pr as te it ih sri tc he, e t th we entv ye -r fs ie fs th.bec Ho eme ht aw sent ty e- nfi fv ie n. g’ ers,Th te entr tou en sk , i ts wothe legt sw ,en tt wy- o\narms, and the trunk is the twenty-fifth. He adorns this trunk, the twenty-fifth.\niHirther the day (of the sacrifice) is twenty-five, and the stoma hymn of this day\nis twenty-five, like is brought aboutby like. So the two are twenty-five.\nG. lie begins' withlad, this. Now ‘this this’ is food, and so thushe obtains\nfood. I’raiapati indceil uttered this as the first word consisting of one syllable\nor of two, viz. lata or tata. So a child when it first speaks utters the w mort\nof one or two syllables tata or tdla. So with this very word with tala it\nhe begins. A Rsi says(RV., X, 71, i),.‘0 Brhaspati, the first point of speech,^\nfor this is the firLt point ofspeech. ‘Which they have uttered making a name,^\nf foo rr b ty hissp ie sec th hear be esn tam ae ns dm fa ld ae wl. ess.‘Th ‘a Tt hao tf t ishe hm idw dh ei nch inwa ss ecrt eh te b be yst tha en id r lfl oa vw ele ass n, d\n(ye wt hois em na ted re ti hn eani bf oe ds yl, )’\n,\nf bo ur tth ai ss a rs egr ae rg da srd ts heth ge ob dsody iti is ss mec ar det e, mn aa nm ie fl esy t.the Thde ii stie is\ns\nthe meaning of the verse. wdv v\n7\nIlebeginswiththehymn,‘Thatwastheold,esti.nt,heworlds (RV.,A,120, ).\n(W Th ha et reis isol td he est woi rs dgr ‘e ga rt e; atnt eh se s’f )or im\nn\nto hf eth vi es rsd ea ,y ‘'a Is hap tos fs aes ms ein og fg tr he ia nt en ,es 0s' is agper af ve ac nt ,.\nt ishr peo ru fg eh ctt .hy (R Tie ha et rn eess is’( tR heV., woX r, d54 ‘, st' r) ei ngt th he ’)fo ir nm to hf eth vi es rsd ea ,y ‘a Hs epos grs oe es vs ei tn hgg mr oe rat ene fs os r\nstrcn-ih’ (RV., VI, 30 , i); the form ofthis day as possessing strength is perfect.\nteiKlccf7 l, .1 y/1 alk lv .a m Cc hi-h aa lh s.\no\nUT .hh ae ,Ww ea v.t ae tr as ,.a Ir Ve ,ag 4h 1,ya w, hih ee hs ea xys p, lal ii nc seau Rs Ve .,pha I,nts 164an .il 43tr :ee is aa kr ae mt ao ya1« m\nbW\na\nii sh ng di g f• « ‘t\n‘\noe tn rr T ht T' e ri h\nh\nttT y ed hieh eh esa; o S i on tu dA gfwa it lsetm Ih A onha a ’s rtk e ar r a yy Snv t -\nI\n.l. i fai oa nf ts i fv eo t v 4c G eo tei’ trd r n wd . h’ aa ha\nr\ne, rt, eim er\np\ntcm FI i ei hhmn oa tX d oiar, r u\na\nltdbM ,\nr i\neth1 e\ne\noa h0 , n5 e, x\nm\nhu en yo1 f p2\nn f\nm0 a o5 M tl6 b n. u d Kl i1 yl ,a o\no\nhl , m we nn\na\nwa ir i\ne\nhnnn’ n dv eg ds d ea r,\nai\nevi nt o e as efr\n3\nsrd I.f ,a ,saon L e ts 3u l ae s h,l n v nh ea od i dm 7t f.i m pi bo R tn uUn\ne\nhV ri lt e. pn ohm , oe wD iau s.c nX es aS sr ,at em t rt ort\nC\nt“ fa .1 fu ip« O .n ob ia c nj th Ita ,dh '\no\naa u sfIs >,i TR S\ni\nKp\n-\nth ar h., cea\nh\nar 4/ h es njf rn m\n•\ndi eo/ a c ari cn am ,y a ce 3a epr« m\n• o\nwri r as dtk i j sh is ?mi n-s a tgrr olpe yig o e tn eu\n’\nori xl m bl\ni\nta Sa . e ’r or ae,\nl•S\nya\n.*\naus se pe e\na\nis that in the first needs to\nbe equatedto mahout, whereas mahitvd actually occurs in the second, hor the construction,\ncf. I, 2, I,n. 4."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1517,
            "content": "RANSLATION AND NOTES\n-I, 3. 8 i >85\n(There is ihc word ‘hymns ’) in the verse. *Then, manliest ofmen, with songs,\nwith hymns’ (RV., Ill, 51, 4); this day is indeed a hymn, and the form of this\nday as possessing a hymn is perfect. He extends the first two* verses, which\nare deficient, by a syllable. In the small’’ (womb) seed is deposited, in the small\n(heart) the vital spirits, in the small (stomach) food is placed. 1his serves for the\nobtainment of these desires. He obtains these desires who knows this. The\ntwo of ten syllables serve to obtain both kinds of proper food, that which is\nfooted and that which is footless.* They become eighteen syllables apiece.®\nOf the ten, nine are the breaths,® one is the self. This is the perfection of the\nself. Tight syllables’* remain in each. Who knows this obtains whatsoever®\nhe desires.\n8. lieextends theverses bymeans ofnada} Now breath is sound. Therefore\nevery breath, when it sounds, sounds loud as it were. 1he verse nadam vci\nodathidvi (RV., VIII, 69, 2) is by its syllables* an mnih, but by its feet an\naniistubh, Usjiih is life, anu)tubh speech. Thus he places speech and life in\nhim. By repeating the first verse thrice, the verses become tw'enty-five. The\ntrunk is the twenty-fifth, Prajapati is the twenty-fifth. He has ten fingers, ten\nTliatisRV.,X,120, withtens>llables,andVIII,69,3%withseven. lieadds//Mothem.\n^ Cf.I, I, 2 ad(in,\n* i.e. animalsandvegetables (Slyana).\n“ i.e. ten syllables in RV., X, 120, the syllable /«, and seven in VIII, 69, a*.\nSimilarlywiththeotherthreefada'i.\n{iirasi)ihidrani is theveision of Sayana and it is as probable as any other,though the\nword originally meant breath and only inclaphorically is transferred to its use as describing\nthe organs of sense. The nine ‘orifices’, seven in the head and two in the body, according\nto a Sruti (JaiminTya Upanisad Rrahmana, II, 5,9; 10; 6, 8, is the reference, I think) cited\nby Sayana {sa/'td vai iirsanyiihprdna dvciv CLVAficait),arcrcferied tointheKathakaUpanisad,\nV, I (where in all, however, there are eleven), Svcta^>vatara Uj)anisad, 111 , 18, Yogasikha\nUpanisad, 4, Yog.atatlva Upanisad, 16, and elsewhere. They are ears, eyes, mouth, nostrils\nand organs of evacuation, with the navelwhen ten are counted,as in theJaiminTya Upanisad,\na con ud ntJ ea di .min CT fy .a DeR ur sa sh em na ,n ra h, il1 o1 s, op7 h7 tc(J d. erA. VO p. aS m., shaX dV s, ^2 p4 .0 ^) 3, 43an ;d E./> 1ra .,Am p.a 2r 6a 5n ;dA Sr ea chw zih gen Upe al ne tv se hn ada sr ^e\np. 281,n. I,\nandnavavaiiirasipnlndh,SankhayanaAranyaka, II,3,wliichpointstoadilTerent\nidea,forwhichseeI,4, i,n. 5; 5, i,n. 6 ; 2,n.13.\n' Thatis,afterdeducting\"thetenfromtheeighteen.\n® In his interesting note on relative clauses in the Veda, Edgrcn, P,A. O.Y., May, i883»\npp.xii-xv, points out that unlike Greek, Vedic Sanskrituses the indcT. rcl. pronoun with the\nindie. This rule is not observed in the later Vedic literature,e.g. A^>valayana Grhya Sutra,\nI, 3 *, I i.: e.at bh ya tk hh ea sh ti any za at ,r Ra Vk .v ,a Vc Ia IIh ,os 6y 9a ,n 3s .ydt,&c.\n’\nIthas(onrpddas,andisthereforelikeananustubh,whichofcourseitreallyis. Butithas\nin the Samhita form only twenty-seven syllables,or resolving they in aghnydnam inpdda 3,\ntwenty-eight, which is the number of syllables in an usnth^ which, howeier, has threepddas\n(8 8+13) only."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1518,
            "content": ".\ni86\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA I. 3, S-\nt t S\nf d e\np\nmo ih\ne n\nevc e\ni te\nrs t,\na. e\nvit nrl\ne\naw tt ese\nd\ns,w dn\nT\n,eo t r\nh\ndy\nii\na- S nl\nTs\nrwf te\nl\nehig oif Is\noi\ne., t\ns t\nl\nbh\nh\nl. it\nt e\ny\nlsw\nh\nyeo\ne ip,\nnF\ne\ntta ru hwr\nc\nsr\nae ua\nlm ot\nn\nl\nsrs nh\nt ,\n,, e\ny\nh\npr\n- im\nea\naf si\nrn\ni\nnt l vnfhd di\nl\nati dk is\nh\nd. ,t\nmh\neh d\nw\nbei de sa i.\ns\n.py\nt\nht b\neh\nar ue,( su pco Ao rn hf . ek e,gB tt\nn\nRah ohi\ntr\nsals e\ni e ihnl r\nit s .\nd e\ns\nsh a tU\nd\nae c o. y. hvU ii sait tf n.\nt\niw li\na t ri\n(e c\nl\noebn Ket ,)\nVatb\nsy .nhpo- i I\ni ,e\ndf s\nd\nrf si\ny\nic ef Xt\nt\nn..t sw .a,h e if. lin\n1v\nst tS\n1e\n.y\nh\n4.-\no e\n.H f\ndsw\nei .e\ne Si\n8v . ote\nw\n). ia ,l,\ni\neid\nt\na.\nsv\n‘to le. Alhr oen\nd\nbs\ntm\neHs »\nhht\nil et oc\ni\nnoh\nuc\ngmi\nss\ns™is a\ns\n,\nat nh\nt\ndr dnhy hu\nfoa\nen m ownvk n\nne\nd\nare these fifteen members,- for five arises from ten. ‘As large as A 1\ne mM b\nf\nta ie r or rm a st wb thh i*e ma narrs onseo\nf\nt,. hl t\nt\neta h hh mr e ee .‘g sre eA et shi Ti hs o s hyfui a eV mst r, a; n’ en ssa ,f d es ’o cr\nh\now am b nht i srh deg ae rh nht e his ms v ane , a e sl e’ rnf ^ svi V ies e .t xraxh sa ctu ve,s s e\nes\nrn ,tl sd ha d es fer so org ,c ree s s to\nn\nha is\ni\nets nfh a b eeh sr re eaa\na\nap d h\nr\nsov o ce m oe et nan s sn ta hp ^ en al i. rd e sa ea bce s w r,a se eh ir aa xt tw ,th a hi. sn at ,id i nsc dm avm n^e ia dr tng tn s.i erkf vsy ece T sth t^e\no\nw s wo oi rn ki itt sh ,se em r av. nes dT t ih o te w si et n rh vi p er r sd opl tei oa rs f ef o oi o mv d ie . iiv ee rr Ts he ts e h, n emt c .h oe nip Tea s hi ea sM et^ ris vh t eia rcs sh, esf ti hve e br eef ce oe at r m, c ea tn h bd r re fei ut Uuhi ,rs ccf .o ood d\n\"^hcu’rtZ'by Ma^Iuller as rcfcrrinK to the five .loiHes, by Sayaaa as refer,ing\nW,\n-bid.\n111,\nz - .k »«• «•\n..\n; iuiiya dhl.ak I fylvMiva.lan\n;rf r'‘'rthrrydose’comiextonoVbrahman .anil IVr,see I, r, 1,n.8 ; Atl.arvaverla,\nV rei^titioi. of is clue, says Sayana, .0 the eoiu-\npar,at:;\";atrr;f hyinus as ,,.3 inJhe\n- w^\ns:,aa. ‘hetiistich^aihe\nThetwenty-threeversesgiveforty-six\nbyhalh,aseaehisextendedsimilarly(bayana)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1519,
            "content": "y\n-I, 4, I TRANSLATION AND NOTES 187\nmetre, the immoital, the world of thegods. This is the body. Even so he who\nknows this comes by this way near to the undying self.”\nAdiivaya 4\n.\nThen comes the sudadohas verse.^ Sudadohas is breath and by breath he\njoins together all joints. Then the neck verses.^ They denote them as mnt/i\nverses according to their metre. Next comes the sudadohas verse. Sudadohas is\nbreath and by breath he joins together all joints. Then come the head verses.\nThey are in gdva/n^ for it is the beginning of the metres, and the head is the\nbeginning of the members of the body.* 4'hey arc in arkavat^ verses. Arka\nis Agni. They arc nine verses, the head is of nine pieces.'^ lie recites the tenth\nverse. It is the skin and hairs of the head. It serves for reciting more than\nvS.iyana explains this obscure statement ns referring to a birth as a dez'a> It may be\ndoubted if it means more than he comprehends the immoitalbody(cf.atma, just above), i.e.\nhe who knowstheseverses thus performsthatpartofthe rite which conesponds with the body\nof the bird to which the Niskcnalya Sastra is likened (cf.I, i, i). That dOno above means\nbody or tiunk seems certain, and the second dinidttam can haidly refer to anything else. If\nit docs, it may simjily mean, ‘he becomes immortal.' The acc. is governed by ahhi\\ cf. I,\n1, 2, > n T. h1 e0. Saukhayana Aianyaka treats all this very biiefly, II, i, covers all Adhyaya 3 and\nthe sudadohas. ''I'lie iJrsan comes in TI, 2, before iha graiva, II, 3; then Vhcfak^au\nI 1h 1i ^/if 7d, -1p 0i ;aha ts hf eak 2'a a) U, ty1 I1 I, ,4 1- 15 ;; tt hh een dvt ih pe adc aa ht yun Ii It ,ta 1r 2a ;m, thI eI, a6 i; udt rh de gnai aiti ss u, ktg ad yyat IIr ,t, 1b 3a ;rha tt hi ey da vu ap pi ai nh ai ,,\n11’ 14; the dnudiihha samamnayay II, 15; the iridupchatay II, 16; then two miscellaneous\nchaj Sit uc dr as, do7 h1, as17 is; in1 t8. erpictcdasyieldingmilkand it icjncsentstheverse,RV.,VIII,69,3, ta^aya\ns ISud ta hd eoh va es ra sh\ne\nis md mm ea dn ii atU ed lu yau at lti erp th hn eay na adh a\\j vd ern sm e.an Id tscu ua sn edm hciv eiia is\ns\ni er xi is )v laia nc<r loc ba ym^ Sd ai yv ad nh aII becT ah ui ss\ne\nit isprduasvarupa, Cf. Sahkhayana, II, i: imdniparadui samhiidni bhavanli. parvan is\nappa ^re Fnt ol ry tu hs eed mv sa eg eue Vl ,y 2; ,cf l. ,I w, h2, uh3,n is. 1 e2 x. picssly here ascribed to Saunaka by Sayana, Intiod.,\np. 20. gnvdh heremeans‘ceivical cartil,ages seen. 7.\n^ sisrkwk rrajdpatch pnUhamam iniikhalo gayaiii samutpannd (Sayana quoting the\nYaj'urbrahmana) secLevi,LaDoctrineduSacrifice pp. 18,53.\n;\n* Thatis, RV.,T, 7, 1-9; in v. i arkebhir\n6 Cf. Taittirlya Samhita, VI, 2, 1: tasvtdn navadhd iiro vUyutam I (Sayana) ; nava vai\nHrasiprdndhy.SahkhayanaAranyaka,II,2,andI,3, 7,n.6. Thefirstexpressionofthisprecise\nidea seems to be in the Atharvaveda, X, 8, 43; punddilkam ndvadvaram tribhir gunShir\nd asvr Lt aa nrn m. anW (h 7i Vt an «e xy ^rin /wh /i ,s pT .ra 1n 0s 4l 5a )t ii io on i, ntsp. o6 u0 t1 ,G,t ah ri bn cks {St dh rat nkt hh ye al ta at te tr vg am kau ix us niar ie dia yl Ar be ha .dy dcr ref Be arr ye ed rt io u, hb eu nt\nAk. der l^iss., XIX, 529) renders the three coverings as skin and nails and hair (cf. n. 6).\nA different view ofthe pianas appears in Ka(haka Sarnhita, (XXXIII, 3> cited by Weber,\nbid.Stud., XIII, 113, n. 2 for agrammaticalpoint): daiavaipurtisaprdndh stanau dvddaUui\n(--nthand nth). Cf.alsoKausitakiUpani^d, II, 15."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1520,
            "content": "AITAREYA ARANYAKA I, <, •-\n188\nt t v c\na\nmh lh e o\nl\nae e r m ns jeops os sr/\ni\nso o\nn\nasm ttd ye sa hu\n.\nsr. ec v^ t e s ti\nT\noMo f hT on o ar eh no n/e opfs tur ce hot u eodh ri u mf ,s vco eetr s r ‘ifm s to To e hn> . het „ . oh u ve ua eSC rni h stMdn hi\ne\niblv M nt rdA h ear .i sees ts n u v/ m aeo e a\nr\nbim t sn s oa er d vsbe ea .r ’cn eat a ud th stta ,h Tl 't t ,e hh oe et a a rh r ,yng e e dc ‘r aj e Th r' bi\ne\nha ysa/ or mn i w b us rhe em\nv\nbs o a ie et\nu\nat a k ihl rl /n ce h sot me twh ea a s j tn at o rd i et n h.is s ini .t s g. t hi os 1 g\no\nnN ea eh te ce ht xs kete r\nto one\\vho is proud.' Or, again, because they run' close together, they\n. Inthe onlynineverses ofthe hymn are used,but\nhyhtn is also employed. This ,s rW-\nJJr. Vih vm Uan aa v, aX hI iV s, ta3 k» en b^ y9'' Sayanaas a maseubnes.inguliar. ; ho itfromvUc ‘sc ?na “^l ^av hc eih l. oa wn ed r\n..I\na tan td t tK aon tre yd ath mau ii v n.id Sr >e a ;r /j /a o rn tXl ,hr uo ip npd m f. ,5 al ,6y 4 1,o - 15j ,6 0n 6 ,a , in ,d rC aa hh nt aa dne nds fdo oo rLK^yva Up Ianis •ad, ’VI, Si a6 n, sk2 ri: t, cf t. a Sd ye na d ta t am xmp ylc a §s 2m 7 ^.i in d Ca EI m hxh aal s nmb a dpn r oi l- gc evk ysa, m ,\na\nhowever,on non-attraction arc U,:,td;1:0 .rLrfnnre,p.,37).\nt.^'t;a::L^:^dop.ed^ ’•rru::\nt s wh a he y osI I’ t' So'' p'‘ r“' oK \"‘ u“-' d‘.'™ I\"\" ’V,TK'‘r3Mnclab so tv ,e Ma,u „s a, ,.t ah ,o nu vb aea rr ee n ,s ^dt ae iri s dn hd t de he risd ayd aa o su ibst ti f if u ff l. tn ae kc O ek n, n” at lt h oh e na et o ,ti h as e nrt do ha to hnn ide\ns\nbayana feels that it oftheTranslation here suggested. For this meaning\nIt^att ;rnhnra,a, XII, a,4. andHoernle,/.^. 5 ., r,o6 ,pp.9.6-<iaa.\n^ k. V- .lu . hi ahj .a nj saU 'n ya jiA ,m tn u .a sn oty ma ibk tea s, tf hI r iI so, m fa o1V n, n^ iT univa \\ ‘^^\" ^jf; /ot e\\ deh re (ibid.,q 2u 9o ,t ,al 2l 9Se )fo fM iro n^n dsl (e tsr he- e\ne"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1521,
            "content": ", §\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-1, 4, 2 ' 189\nare taken to be the best food. For viraj is food, and food strength. Next\ncomes the sudadohas verse. Sudadohas is breath, and by breath hejoins together\nall joints.\n2. Now comes the right wing. It is this world/ it is this Agni, it is speech,\nit is the Rathantara, it is Vasistha, it is a hundred.^ These are the six powers\nofit. I'he sarnpaid hyvan serves to win desires and for fiimncss. pahkU\nverse serves for proper food. Next comes the sudadohas verse. Sudadohas is\nbreath, and by breath he joins together all joints. Then follows the left wing.\nIt is that world, it is that sun, it is mind,* it is the Brhat, it is Bharadvaja, it\nis a hundred.\"* These are the six powers of it. The sampaUi hymn serves to\nKnpi^thala Samhitfi, IV, i: kal'^a updduiyah,and conipnrcs(Ireck Suco, ipbveo, }k^v<o, and Latin\niftduo, ciitio. Wintcinilz {Gc^Th.der indisth, Liil.yI, yS) still treats d(n>is<lut as if it meant\n‘I will play’, as taken by Cieldncr {Sulh-uzig Licdcr, pp. 158sq). It cannot be fium s/du\n'burn’, assuggesteddoubtfullyinWhitney, Roots.CrV.,p.75.\nsamlHilhataindh is clearly the reading, from ^/bamh e. bddjia for hazdhd). It occurs\nin the TaiUirlya Aranyaka. Cf. Whitney, Sausknt (/) 951> Macdonell, Icdic\nG'tam am ua ur aj iap. ni5 a8 m; pW ra ac tk yc ai tn yn ang tc cl, isAl tt hi un sJi c^ ot nh sc tiG u) edamn bu yit Mtk a, xI, Mu^. l| l. er,w'ho says the adverbial foini\nis vouched for by IMnini, V, ii. dhe fiee use of compaiativcs aiul supeilativcs of tliis\nclass is a sign of early style, but in the eaibcst litciatuic (KV. and AV.) the accusative\nneuter is preferied, seeWhitney,Sa^iskut Grammar, §§ iiii e, and 1119. Cf, uKoSata})atha\nJtraimiana,X, i,2,5: dtamamkhydyaic', ibid,,X,5, 2, 10: anntamdmy^opdyati,and Delbuick,\nAltuidische .Syntax,p.194;pratardm iva kriyanie^ AitarcyaIhrilimana,111,48,4. teuatardm\npupmdnam apdhata, AitarcyaHrahmana,IV, 25, 3. Hutnoneoftheseorsimilarcasesseemto\njustify anuaiarndm and the sense given by Sayana as prdpynutc w'ould eiiually be obtained\nby rendering ‘tliey approximate towards {^prati\\ ac) that winch is most tiuly food (fern,\nbecause virdj is lem,). Forsuch auseof annatamd, cf. RV., II,41, 16 {amldtama,naditama,\nd wo iv ti hiai acn ca .) ,, Ia ,nd I,m 2a ,ny n.e Tx O.amp Tle hs ei an ccl .lc il sbr gu oc vk e, in1 e<c l,, bp. y1 t9 h3 e5 ja irn ed imf so ir tiot nh .e a ycc a. d,c mf. aa ytd bi eisa tn ai kp ea ndy wa iu tt hc\ndutah as equivalent toa finiteveib,which is notveryprobable,orwithpratyacyautc,asgiving\ntheexplanationof‘thevijavah arevirdj\n* Agni is the guardian of this woild and he is also V.lc, II,4, 2, and Vac is Rathantara,\nIII, I,6 (Sayana),whileV.asisthabroughttheRathantara.\nSeeV, 2, 2 for the \\erses. They are RV., VII,32, 22 and 23; VIII,3, 7 and 8 (thiee\neach according to the reckoning of the Aranyaka); I, 3\" (bS'w.) ; VII, iS, 1--15; VII, 19\nt( hI eI p ’v av Tn. k) ht e; i,2 m0 I o,( o8l n0o ,w i. i s) ; t; I hV e2 ,3 d2 e( 0 i6 , tyv iv s. os) ft; yl m2 e id5 n- dt2 ,h9 e b( us2 ta6 vi hv pv e. d r’ t) ea; th hI y eV m, n i. d2 e0 nt( i1 t1 yv ov f.) s; unma ak ni dng mo1 o00 nin isal ml e, aa nn td ,t sl ai yen s\nSayana,and manasis brhat, and bharadvajamadethe Ihhat.\n* SeeV, 2, 2 for the verses. They are RV., VI,46, 1 and 2; VIII,fii,7 and8 (threeeach\nia (\n2\nsc 4 30c d;o evr lcvd\nf\ni. .i b) en\nA\nrg :\ni at\ntIt\na\neVo .r, ct y2h\na\nT3i hs\nB\ne( rIr raIe ehc mvk v\na\nao . rn n) ei a;n ,g 1m) 0Ia; 0Vk ,i iV n n3I 0g,\n,\nthl\n2\ne1 o .8 i ri( i\nT\ngn1 hh5 ta elv l av , i. na.) da tn; ad\nlm\no2 t ih3 ie s( ini nno ot tv th hev ep. p ra) len e;\nc\nfk\ni\ntt\ns\n,i e2 a, l4\ny\nnI d( , a1 cS0 tci hu,v erv a. i pt.)\ne a,\nn; kT\nb\nt2 h\nu\ni5 te( vs t9 eha rev m sv p e. id) nt aa; a\ndc\ndc. i susy r- oI a3 V nc8 ,\ny\ne\ntoeachofthem. ForthevaiyingsizesofthewingsseeTaittirTyaBrahmana,1, 2,6, 3*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1522,
            "content": "AITAREYA ARANYAKA 1. 4, 2-\n190\nw Zin desires r.a rn ipd ntfo 'r indfir em xn ce es ss s. ive.The Th/ e-r BA rM l' iav ce lrs ie s ms ae lr ev ,es thf eor Rp ar to hp ae nr taf io aod i. s fT eh mae ls ee .\nSa\nv\nfTm\ne\non lrrd lse Zoefe e wox x srcc eee\nt\nbss hs as eti chvi kes te\na\nw. io\nl\nalf .e rft dtNi; To w fliim w eisa n ail tg sble hr. e, e cy i rs a o. st noh h stne oi,he\ns\nfed tae sf tf b ne hei da eotc t t fi h ee b be r in tyr rc\nw\ndy b ebi .s y r no e tf t a yo. h At -nh e gh oe e anl ihf e evf ne et em r Ja sw j ovl e o\ni\nfie . i /n. n\nm\nag s\n.\nllhNT io teh f oe x g vr t et ehe t re shf c eeo o srr b\n.\ni^mie saer la d s tlr h1e e*t t j °ht oh 'e d'ih e -ne tb ay s se v.tc nMtk ;ef .or. aIc ^a hie n e hsnt\ne\ns T L t a s T ^ S h L Sau gi eO i i o ep l oel a c trs np ni / do iio t ons in ir dt u rn dat i oa l’ i w ftl tt ,hs sg ha ^ riu ti nn e Tp hcv a N ktd e^p vh he hn e eeo L an erd xr st tn t sh ft t we,e .t o ph . o ih rwa ,cet i mh tv wa s o esii i H hT el f mcn s eeo heh tg ut inr h s ep nh ( em pe s ft e asou toh fm v no rs hp e r reMf e du tp am urbp eo s sn ship t fr d es ero t rw d.tdr se oMo ob h) et d mose ny l o bis vo s t tt eu t eb Mf i a hp ih hs ssi i e, tee u r na n. hmsjm dl o wsef aeil sr ro olpet rs ov eob ms l t se ner ,i . v i aw r r ehtr « de svo nid e nt es re ss d .h e^sd. e soS vbo p f sio ny tn r a/ Te to o dH w> hhxst da iat ee t epl iw o th Ml e rto be hs ar i er i t a, dib oe fr d a n dti rc n oie t iyri at e rnh , tcdt a l gai e eise a al d os d vgs t rd n h, t ele h is daa w eo rs eu tt le r s. ih n y tet oi o rvte d , ow fp en ey ey fo cre a- s er is tv p lfn if , e tt m hi rt rl r . ea ery oey < v ss lt > s p- etj weuh e r Ts t^p sr me ho he v. e efe emc i,r ro s f as aet fn oe e dn nF h ho fd sW dee d e oo ,e ix,v r rr a ts te em e l ir f o oaa^ Io ot t n ne n> n rh hn ae. d e e e\nl\n'\"1 'nfr iLS Ure eighty g.lraln tiistichs.' The eighty gdya/ri tristiclis are\nwhatever%Ly.'migbt.Mvedlock, proper food, and honour Uiere\n. isPi is n; to hr il sd w, orld, may I obtain it, may I win it, may I possess it, may it mine.\nTJV y ,,,/r „v1• 172 (4vv.),besidestwelvefromotherft.ikhasarc given\ni„ ; ;r2.''\"a’T.^^u5’a Hifini, 1, 2^ 6, 41 I\npritisthilyai\\ twenty-two verses, that\ntwcltr:e..r:ent.rf:e\"Ithebird,andtwo thoseofthe man. When twentyone,itisthetail\nmsS)isVoLlble and .n„,t beso tahen^^.f\n5 ;f-'\n1\nI'hf;threesetsoftristichsarcthefoodof thehirtl. Theyarcsetfort ^hi jnd letail inV, 2, 3;\n\" ‘ ^^T.ghtt1 lter,rr^^^^bySayana a, .edaias,ratray„kmAPk ami is to apanUUas\ndham,dL>yrHiisamydMa,npapup-,,buthegiveskjasasanaltcrnatnc"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1523,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-I, 5» I 191\nNext comes the sudadoJnis verse. Sudadohas is breath, and by breath he links\ntogether all this world. He recites the eighty brhait iristichs. The eighty hrhan\ntristichs are the sky-woild, and whatever glory, might, wedlock, proper food,\nand honour there is in the sky-woild, may I obtain it, may I win it, may I possess\nit, may it be mine. Next comes the sudadohits verse. Sudiidohas is breath, and\nby breath he links together all the world. He recites the eighty upiih tristichs.\nThe eighty upjih tristichs are that world, heaven,® and whatever glory, might,\nwedlock, proper food, and honour there is in that woild, and the divinity of\nthe gods,‘ may I obtain it,\" may I win it, may I possess it, may it be mine.\"\nNext comes the sudadohas verse. Sudado/ias is breath, and by breath he links\ntogether all that world.\nAdiiyaya 5.\nHe icciles the vasa^ hymn desiring all to be in his power. There are twenty-\none^ verses, for twenty-one are the parts in the stomach. Then the ckavtmLi is\nthe support ofall slomas and the stomach the support ofproper foods. They are\nin dilTeicnt metres. For the intestines are larger one than the other,® some small.\n*\nTheinsertionofdyausiscuriousandS.lyananotesitasbeingvispa^tdttham.\npa an rd a^ mhT aoh ii nqs uoi mts aet s ha ek fe sorn vab it my maSa p ty a aa s rn nsa ag da e cs vb i ie n hti uen lng mde e pq d au ta tl ao nt i]o ) aC mh Jsa dvJ aen itn a va W an a m, tat r (h a se oUh p Ko . ,n ao nu rir s ee a add d,o wVf iI t,t hh 7e S:go i dd a es ni. vaI n tn avd nar aa t, myn& {c a o. m r,\ndahhilanam withcd.)paramaincadaivaiam'). lUit,though MaxMuller accepts this view, itis\nsimplertoequateitmerelytotliedivinityotthegods, i.e. thedivinenature.\n® Probablydpttavdni is suggested by theai ofaiiti eipiatcd to ^/a^^asstated])yk>ggcling\ni( dV e. ntD i, liE c. ay ’tX umLll ofI, ’t1 h1 e2, an i. iiii s). wiT thhe aiv ii me iw t ah sat ta hi ii ol ui gc ho on ut tain ts heth Ae ra^ n/ yai a, kacat a, ndpio .ab la sobl iy nl Se ad tat po att hh ae\nB ar t. ma ah rm ua pn aa h, ,V hn ei, me5 r, el2 y, i1 c7 f; ersb ,ut Itw hh ie nkn ,tS oly ta han ta ki kn nth ii ls icc ato im om nen at na dr dy oeo sn noth tis bap sa ess itag oe nc ea tl yl ms ot lh oe gy,as\ns sa Cuu hn bg id jg e« ue snfs tF eot oo r t me i i ad vt teht hb seh iy e ei ^E qs n ^ug u erg A ps)e i ptjh tu .inn aoc 3rng t ^c. i 9yv o ,ae f 3a P 5ss 0u rb .ajo h.p Smt ea aa ct nni ad av . le so oi p sn t e D. es c,e lAn buGs ife o ui, o ^ed kc cf w h ,. ti A,S n lp ,e ipi ipj C n.c r dr, e n^e 2 cckV hje e,d M 4 Si o 7 yu ,o nh 0d ie ;s axau ,a nm m d pi i p.aSc, T 3fi e 0un n bls s lk, e sr s ql .i , i• ,st t- IAcS- mpy cn ip yl . /Pa .ox, hJ S. l y«§ l nm ii h g ahc o k xOr r , ,,\n11, .36 I.5 ns Sq. ahkhayana Aranyaka, II, ir, the sildadohas vcise is repealed twcnty-foiir times, It\nVa a(Ag u, ^r t,e h2 ve o, ys r' sai ) hn ipsc sI ao t .yu sn ist S Ci c fan a .yg l al .nt e Sah d ae , taa a pn an tdh hd ath d h P) i rsim ann i hsT m,a aps 5 nr, aor ,b2e af Vbe b Ir lei Iyli Ion ,w tg h. 6et ,o c 2T a ,t h sh 3eee ,,u an sd nhaa domr wea Ki. gni ggs clT g t ih i h nve e ge ,nh ea .y Yb r .m len y Bc .a di us as Et .eK e ,V t. h o X, e f LI\\ a t Iu hI IetI ,hI o t, rr 14 a 1b di 2. s i ,tV i na o .i n. a 2a l\n.\nSec 2al Os no lO yld te wn eb ne tr yg, ofZ. RVD .. ,M V. II6' I. ,, 4X 6L ,II b, ut21 t5 hesq s. udadohas verse is counted, m. ; see, ,however, on\nV sr, iy2 > n, nV5 aia .k ad s nu df din in. si sm upi ps or re tn e. dlc hre yd t' heco un sf eus oe fd’ -Mt> uy idM rn ax ivM aull he ir p. aiaT vh ae hr ie nnd Ae ir ti an rg eyi an lt ih re .ilt ie nx it anai• ,s Vt ,uha 0t4. ,o 5f ,f"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1524,
            "content": "aitareya ARANYAKA I, 5. >\n192\ns a a c a a\na\nTlc co r ro hlcc e em mo eoe e jrr t toi sd hi hhl ni eb ei i it sni yn s eR Lg g n..\nc\n.bst t oro o u neH -l d taai a Ot att l ve d ihh . i s nc oe I, enhr nm * de a g dm ac ,s rai n s at rn v en te een v hs e cr aeee ir s nrntr et\ne\nde.h o do ie f\na\nAnfm\nr\ngtSt eh nt h n ti iw eh hd si ,i te eart hvd yh eo e hoo ec yr ehcc st ac au e th d pur se we,rr\nr\notre i\nf\n’wsew n t eenco cwb l (ce tr r ove. Reed e,*\nd\nVa i\n.\n.t ns th ,c i,oFm m tm VTo e ha Is he er n I,a ed ^ Ic rbst ,c erhh hb eo foe e 4y arr\no\n0std ri )tbei en l ,,r rt en , ee ag fa ts tvs ot ht he r. eo rh st n\nr\nmeo me ee shes oe l ^t T bh .a l hj c he r o eo l ene i og nm T w tea s le .wr ws et . e ot ar l vi oe t v eT tg e sN hw he fa ie ee otn gxr r hd oe t ed\n.\nwhich belong to Indra and Agni,' the two suppoits with broad bones. 1\nwhereseeSayane’sexplanation. Forthe\nThe/irifn/a - stk.Va aeconhng I\n^atapatha brahinana XII, traciiUon is quite plausible.\nAranyak.a II,^ „.ethoracicportion (SatapathaIrahmana,\ncitedhy M y-/;‘ y ; ^y,i tj wenth yavetw ie /n «ty (- So an te a/ pn ae tn h. aiy l/ l, raa hn id nanc ae .rt Xai In Il ,y .thi 4s .i -s )s -o\nstrikinglyiiaralltl ttoo t f thnt it is Dossible that this passageshould be so\np se uir th saii ts heit .o mn tl ay slm ye aa mns be( lc tf e. r,Mo an ni der .Saya1 i^. ends np ,\nj\nthis version. ChanJas/iaram\n(fortheSandhi,ef.Waekemagel,AU.nd.cke ^ ° ;’^“f^lres ofthehymn.\nAltIw•di'jsch/e*S0yti(/aT.\\-,\\1^nY>-Aoasn • SpPeijJcr, » Vedische „u fn Pd oS ha rn ^s lk vri nt o- cS kynt ha ex a^ d§ v2 e2 r4 t. ebrae, right side,\nnumber twelve is clearlyto snlt\nprobablygot hytaking the «toEjilen^ of.Deussen,rhihso^hic\nh,easts, pp. 255sq.; h.-!., PP- 203 JJaiminlya Upanisad Brahmana cited in\nn «ote V6 H to en dI o, cs3, n7 o. tuseth ratverseinthe't1hi•gh1verses. - «-4..-\n.:L£;\n’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1525,
            "content": "a\n,\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-I, 5^ 2 ^93\nverses have six feet’’ for firmness. has a doul)le support, cattle have four\nfeet. So he places the sacrificer with his double support among the four-footed\ncattle. The second verse has seven feet,” and he makes it into a gdyairi and an\nanu^itihh. Now the gayatrV’^ is hrahmaji, the anu^lubh is Vac, and so he unites\nVac and brahman. lie recites irisiubh at the end. The irt'^tubh is strength\nand so witli strength he suirounds animals. Therefore animals” depend on\nstrength for their rising and their going forth.\n2. In the Niskevalya h}mn addressed to Indra,^ ‘To thee, the mighty, the\nintoxicated one’ (RV., X, 50), he inserts a nividr For cleaily thus docs he\npla(.e strength in himbelf. They are tri^tubhs and jagatisA They say, ‘Why\nthen does he insert a nivid among tristubhs and jagatls'l''^ ‘One metre only\nm Satapatha Ikahmana,VIII, 6, 2, 3,ihcy arc referred to the wings, sec Eggeling, .S’. />. E ,\nXLl ®lI T, heI yI ,I, e1 x1 c2 e. ptS te we oa als no dV t, we3 l, ve1 ,,n arci ;mab to hv ee, sop -. cn3 l7 l.\ncd mahapahkti metre. I'or the correct\nexjiressionjin>iiakTvi\\ cf. theuseof untphalahaforthethighs, Iloernle, Osteology^ [)p. 206, 215,\nperhapswronglyreadft>ritriT. 11 f<tlEisreadhere,itmeans‘thethighsandknees aicsupports\ncf.Vajasaiu )1S.'imhita,XVTTl,23; ApastambaSnlbaSntra,XI,2and3 (/. /) M.G ,Tv\\’l, 362).\nCf. I, I, 2,n. 5.\nItconsistsofsevenpaJas ofeight syllables, andcanbemadeintoan auitsftthh preceded by\na i^Ciyat)!. According to .Sayana, following Asvala}ann, in the latter case there is a pause\nnllci the second pdda, and om niter the third. In llie foimer the om followsthefourth, and\nihcieisapauseaflci thesecondpJdii,\nSCf a. )aJ, na1, hI o, ln ds8. this to lefcr to a si>e(ml mode of rccit.ation,by which alterthe fiistpdda\nthere isapause, and om lollowsthe second, and so loi the third and louith, and wliuh he calls\ntnd »u *p Ts ha im say mua s. tT mh ei as n,is af sro Sm a>A ais iv aal sa ay ysa ,na anS dia au sta MS ant xi.a M, ulVI l, er15 t, a6 ke; sK itV ,. t, ha\\ tIT aT n, i4 m0 a, l1 s2, obis eyin afi mi ad su th e/ ri ..\nThe last two accusatives aie loosely conncctid as accusatives of point in which; such acc.\narc more frequent in Greek and Latin (e.g.d'ncilus, Ann., I, 27: do^crunt tribunal . . .maiius\niutcutantes,causam discorduir et iintium aimoium'). In tlieMaitreya Ujianisad (Max .Muller,\n.S’. B. J£., XV, xlv) : sa tatia paiamam tapa ndityam udtksamdua urdhvas tid/iati. Max\nMuller observes that dsthuya would be expected, but it is not necessary to suspect the text.\nForthecompound,cf.Jaimunya Upanmad Ihrihmann, T, 47 and 48. InpaUinpaiigaAiatithe\nacc. IS dependent on /'an so Aitarc\\a llrahmana, \\III, 28, i, 2; tarn ctdii patha dcvatdh\nparimriyautc (corieet S])eijer, I’cdisdicund.Sanshrit-Synlax § 88).\n* Formingpaitofthethigh verges.\n2 Sdyana says the nivid (cf. Lrhad.lr.anyaka Uimnisa.l, 111 ,9, i,for a Vai4v.adcvanivid) is\nto come after the fourth verse and is to be Jndio dei'ah somanipibatn {ptnvanfdnah S), &c.\n(Sahkhayana .Srauta .Sutra, VHT, 17, 1). ‘In himseli’ he rcndeis as ‘in the biidintheshape\nof the l^astra’. It may mean ‘in himself’ only. For the nivids see Schrftelowit/, Ih'e\nApokiyphcndcsK^vt'da, pp.I3^^d’ Thenivitsamjiiakcgnintlw in Jvis, unhappily,am^th,the\nreading (in S, &c.)issani^/ie.\n3 Themetre is irregular. Accordingtothe AnukiamanT,one andseven are the rest\ntristubk. ,Sayanaoffersthealternativeofthelasttwobeing\n* Theprahrli has ttidubh^ at the middaypressing,and sothedeviation needsexiilanation.\nNotethattheanswerisrepeated,and isnotthatoftheAianyakaitself,thoughit isadopted.\nO\nKEITH"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1526,
            "content": ",\nAITAREYA ARAIS'YAKA I, 5. 2-\n194\ncannot support or fill the nivid of this day,' so he inserts the The\ntrMhs and Let him know that this day has three\nvahi hymn is a mvid, the Valakhilyas are a nivid, and the mvtd is a mvid. bo\n‘ f hSi oW .s ph t eo sis Loi bn f eor at sn lh l,e a atf rh no eere is ow nt si n es ra e tfs io oo o ni n dt .e ’'wo ( A(r R sRe VV . m. ,h a,a ns XI , yIb ,e 2 d9e 1 e,2n c) a. 4 dp ) eu , st I ad n n ofo dtw vhn i ee t rs sse e e( r siR v -s eV st ih ne tX o i, ve w rr i2 s ,9 ne) . M, pra aoWn p nhd e de rn fot oh do e .\na d cd i ot e mh m ees il n t- t od o ht b io t shaI iC s on i Id s Tg,r saa ps m io e ia nds m g. .at nhe y Ny Te hy .i e e.n as nre s hrt e hd eob re et ct lh i ew e t ce e iye s ten l si tv ht e e th he b es ee yo lt n aw d ro ksth h yy e am hn n ys o m. hr n ym mal nthal tife. _^a tB ey mt ^h ^i ^s\nwelfare, and the hymn leads to welfare, ihus he procures welfare.\na iu hpa e. c ViSC l r-i riy ika ten , aa Uans ia d iys h le y.1 aa, s. ss aig ^ns theh .e ^re ' refe sr er ve ed rat lo ma ,eb to rv ee si is n ^t th he ew vr ai/ aM V/ a ad ln ad kx hoi ifv li t yJ n a, \\ sta u on cbd ch us rt ah . ie n nAo tjt hah ege ar bts rt hs aa tr i ine\nt lr )i ns ‘ti Ach ps o, ks re ye pV h, en2,4 d- csIn^vaiakn y u , nirl^r^W>rfr Cot/.£-e/. Afiz. wy eri eQ0 a7 c. cepS tc eh dcf bt yelo sw oi mt ez\n^\ns c‘c kNh mao oto lil. ios0\nsn\nhs (\na\neq p\nl\ns. r) ho\ny\ntb hma inb scl any rt gh uie\nn\nmei nS ts\nh\nti es ik arJ n;\nt dra l(\neaveM si„ t‘a heuke iya .) vWa rrnd n ^ot tj,b ey yo it ^^h ve ers hie( tfS hfa ek e ra c tl t oy ua a b) l Te. l\ne\nhy nw e—h i cno\nVo\nanmo lsn y ail kdy\ne\nho\nr\nii p\ne\nln di yc\n,\nanl si lu o ad atne re—d\nr\ne\na .d md ei nt ti io on ns edt bo yt th he atK ngA ac md eic int Kr aat usi il tio an k, i1rahma' n' a vvv ft. TiittiriyaAranyaka,I,2 M3 ul; leM ra ,itiayani\n-ong in saying that they do not occur in any Khila\n,\ncollection; thousand numbered Sarnhita’, and\n« Baya...a Mandalas’. Neither meaning appears certam.\nM ,/a ax ;anMuller takes It as . refeis ant do Mth .e nS Sarn th ui rt na e, dan id nto1 think\nand it\nmam yus ht\ne\nmean decades, ihcy hyhnti<: Thismay be the reference, or the\nnoted that Y' ^even givethirteen Sayapa\n...orencemay exlining that of three IvisUMs and four n.ue brhaU. can be\nU c ie f sr.t gn s( ic p vl e ei. njer bt , ye TI= N.’. NC h., i* tn§5Y cyi” ,s f »Y m^ it’ nY u„ ye , ’ Pd -s i. J j 4a ^ >Jj aa stm oy nGa lrm yax fi u on n u Ta nA ar di rt , i ka nr § se yt5y ah8a e7 GSI 1 aut rtDr r ui e a di l sh abm ,r aa u nn ea d b, k uK tpV p i. p cc f. . .a. ., M5i a.. , cs dq o.F no er lT lh ,e \\f eo dr im\nc\nRV., X, 17s. ' SarvllmLnland Rrhaddevat. agree with the\nM R Ay UVt iho ml io C mg f hy ., eKp a G. u rs1 al4 mi5 a m- k ai tiB kr ,ah 1,ma 2n 3a 3,\n;\nMX aX cX do, ne5 l, l,an Vaj ed^ x ii ci, G, r, a6 m, ,mn. a>5. 1^F .o 4^r 3,-the form, cf. Wackernagel,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1527,
            "content": "rRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-I, 5» 2 195\nthe ekapadCT^ verse that he may at once be all and win all the metres.*^ In\nthe hymn* ‘All songs have caused Indra to grow’ (RV., I, ii), there are\nadditions'* to the verses. Seven verses does he make additions to. For seven\nare the breaths'* in the head, and so does he place breaths in the head. He\nmakes no addition to the eighth. The eighth is speech, and (he thinks), ‘Let\nnot speech be mingled ^\\ith my breaths.* Therefore speech, though it has\nthe same abode as the breaths, is not mingled with them. He recites the\nviraj verses.'* Viraj verses are food, and serve to win food. He ends with\nthe hymn of Vasistha,'“ that he may become Vasistha. (He should end)\nwith the perfect verse,'® with the word ‘great’ in it, ‘This praise to the great, the\nterrible, the bearer’ (RV., VII, 24, 5). In the verse, ‘Like a steed labouring\nat the yoke, he has taken his place’ (RV., VII, 24, 5), the yoke is the end\n(of the car). This day is the end.''' Thus is (the verse) fit for the day. (He\nshould end)withtheperfectverse,withtheword ‘praise* init, ‘O Indra, this praise\ncelebrates thee’ (RV., VH, 24, 50). With regard to the verse, ‘As heaven over\nSiiyanagivesitasIndroviivamvitajati, seeV, 3, i.\n“ Itisthelast ofthemetres used.\nThephiaseoccursalso inSaiikhayan.iAranyaka,II, 12,andisfuitherexplainedin \\ ,3>\nwhcie Sayana is much more explicit than in his commentary here. The idea is 1% 1°, a*,\nA pr’ os ci2 em' s' i s; l ,aa r c*’ a, p lr3 l“ eo, dce2 e v^, d ii h3 n a*' g n; ii nsa an fd o au lns sdo o,io cnn f. .Ai ‘t ^aT aih ne ke y ha ar yle as i nu rl aat h Smi ras an uaa t, ac Iu SVr u,i lo i3u as ,; i VVn IIt I,e ,r 2t _4w 1.i 5,ni 4n Fg o (, r atv oy tt ha h el ci r As pa en yxg a aa m y, p al no ef asv o oe f frs t te h hs i. es\nM 2,ad 7h (y Va an ld ai khn ia lyS aa sv ,an wa l) ie; nI aX, vy3, at4 i( ma at it il aie m.S vo id haL ai rn a) n; aX lI aI k, es11 p, l5 a, ca e)nd ;A R^ ov ta hl ,ay Za .na D..S Mra .ut Ga .^ ,Su Xtr Xa X, VVI II II ,,\nio<),who tracesthepracticeevenin theRgveda,and llillebrandt,Riludl-Littct'nttir^p. 103.\ndou1 b3 tT th oe to hp een ti on ng gs ue.aie Tl hef eer fr ie rd stt ro efa eb ro ev ne c, e tI, o3 s, ev7 ei n oJ pe4 n. ii ngi s is'• not (as Deussenseemstohold)\nthatin AtharvavedaX,8,9,which is there piacticallyunintelligible,and which isgiven up by\nWhitney {Translation^p. 597),but which appears in amore plausible form in Brhadaranyaka\nU thp aa tni is nad A, V.II ,, X2 ,, 3,w 6h ,er we het rh ee v te hr ese seh va es\nn\na ks hdi nts il aas rt cp gd id va en: av sdg eya es s,ta nm oi stb rir la s,hm ea arn sd as na dmv mi od udn td h, (b su et\nc\nWhitney, 7'ranslaiion, p. 368; Hoernle, J. A’. A. S., 1907, p. 12).^ In ver. 7 the tongue\nis specially mentioned. Tlit seven, however, seem already to have included Vac, to judge\nfiom the explanation in that Upanisad, II, 2, 4, where, according to Deussen’s translation,\ni At tri is ain nt den ad te tid , t to hos ut ga hnd Bofo hr tlt mh ge k,lon ingue h, isa ts rai nn sd le ate id ons ,ee p.ms 26c ,le la ar kef sio im t oit ts heb re wi in seg .con Sn ae yc at ned a w hi et rh e\nrefers to the other pranas as jihvdlvagddtbhih. Vac apparently then is little more than\naduplicate. Cf. I,3, 7,n.6. Forthe sevenprdnas,cf. also Satapatha Brahmana,IX, 5, 2, 8.\n1 1* 3 RR V\\ .k ,, VV II II ,, 22 42 ., 1- F6 or; ts he ee w\\^ or3 d, vi. ahainver. 5,seeOldenberg, S.B. K,-,XLVI, 135*\nI'l Thesixthverseisplacedaflcrthefourthandthefifthcomesattheend, V, 3, 1.\n1' The last day is the udayanlydtirdtra. tor dhfthy cf. RV., II, 2, i . dhuhsAdatn\n‘charioteer’; Hcpkins,y.A.O.S.,XIII, 237 Osq.\nZ"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1528,
            "content": "-\n-\nAITAREYA ARAI^IYAKA I, 5. 2\n196\nheaven,” give usglory’ {RV., VII, 24,5>'),wherever the speech of the Brahmin\"\nis uttered,^this is his glory, when he who knows ends w.th this verse. So\nhim who knows this end with thisverse.\n> Sriy.-.na renders, Ms in heaven,so in the worlds (the maharhka,&c.)abovethe heaven!’\nThe '•s Sa -m re\nvana\nvaguelyis sad yr sag vge ed dai mn mt bo ae nx dp hla iin vdII k, ya4, m.I. But I think there is a clear rreefleerreennccee\n1',— *”4“\n” \"\nxSTT X T'’,\"\"\nXIX “‘lit\nSanskrit(1902), pp.49 ruling spe 'v ^ . , .... j g^.\\ ^ not\nEm frp ii ec nJ d,a si .i o,p fe . ta 9 hr e0s i6 r)in pp aoo ter rti og ri y nn t-c mnoo\no\n^m tp .o\n«\nt.sedby -i m^ it epa it cH‘ip“ro^ur^tsrofprinceswh to hesa m ,n ,eg reto cut lh te ivr ae tt oa ri ,ne tr hs io ha u in g id h\nd\nhewouldunderstand . . difficulties in our conception\nc o e c ,e f np en i nt tct tu hh ir ee ( mi a ee csl ss au ss d eita i io. s o.r tu f fy .i. bno ag of u n ti hdl sa h Mbn e aedg hul aa fa bgt ™ het ™e ar ra an td ali at^ ne dTat «ur ue a nan vaa nt a,,e eexxD ^teer nna ^sh ^i^m va enn aa- dsu ds it a tn id d oa nt sAe r ha anf vyr e.o amI k ba, et s„ eh] , nei tt mheh ai oi g dun hk g et ht h bh yoe t fo pe .a c ir os el uii srxe tsts lht e y\nh ba en fd os uni dn ft oh re iat ni ,i .o ..o sr Wt mh ^re .e oc ren ftiir he ^ cftheDramawhich inm tu es l' lt igr ie bp lr ees te ont ta her ie ral ins ft ea rt ioe r'o sf\n,\na\nF\nBf\no\nrf arai hi mws\nah\nnaw ath se ,Kn\ns wa\nhlS era rins eyk ar\ns\nti ht\ns ep\nyoco\nk\nsl\ne\npd eaiI\nn k‘ S 8\n>\nj,centuriesB.c. w se\ntmn\nih\na\n.a\nn\n,v re\nXe Ig\nIn\na\nIo\nr\n,de 4v\ni\nSti 6d ae\ns\nsn qc .ce\n)o\n,ns ita tev sme\nepo\net\nr\nmh -e\ns\na on ne lo yus r. easoI nn abv li eew toof ast sh i^ gnac tt o hispe ^ ^ /\n.\n-^ s„n h, aU vr eit bea en nd rP ear la .krit Nof ror it sh ie td pi of sf se ir be ln et\ne tb oar aa cU ce er ps t, ta hn ed te hi et oh re yrt oh fen I/o vr ie Ba ar rl te hr , and\ne';\nXXIII iio) t eh xa pt laa nn atio or nig \"in oa pl el ny\nP o ur f sa ek dtr hi e Pt iaud ksi re ia tm ofa inPw ra a cks or ni vt t eu rr sfn aoe trd ios ni o ,n mo e andv ,ha wr_ ha ic leers its isme qe\nuite\nik Jny /ip eo it uh gesi both men and women equally"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1529,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES 197\n-I, 5, 3\n3. ‘We choose tliat of Savitr* (RV., V, 82, 1-3) and ‘O god, Savitr, this\nday’ (RV., V, 82, 4-6), are the strophe and antistrophe (of the Vaisvadcva\nhymn ’) and are perfect in form as belonging to the one day ceremonial.* Much\nindeed is done on this day that is forbidden and (the Vaisvadcva)* is the\natonement. Now atonement is rest, and so at the end (of the sacrifice) the\nsaciificers rest on the atonement of the one day (the Vaisvadeva) as their rest.\nHe rests who knows this, and they also rest for whom the Ilotr priest who\nknows this recites this Vaisvadeva. Then comes the Savitr hymn, ‘Of Savitr,\nthe god, this great and desirable thing’ (RV., IV, 53). Great* is the end.\nThis day is the end. So the verse fits this day. Then comes the Dyava-PrthivI\nhymn, ‘Which is the elder, which the younger’ (RV., I, 185), in wliich (the\nverses) end alike.\" This day is one on which (the sacrificers) end alike. So\nthe hymn fits the day. Then comes the Rbhu hymn, ‘Born not for steeds\nnor reins, worthy of praise’ (RV., IV, 36). With regard to the words, ‘The\nchariot of three wheels,’ the hymn is possessed of three (/rm?/), and what is\npossessed ofthree\" is the end. This day is the end. So the hymn fits the day.\nThe hymn, ‘Of this benignant, greyhaired, priest’ (RV., I, 164), addressed to\npes ot pa ub ll ai rs ih te yd of fac at li it terc ao ru yld forr mem ca xin iup ito ip oul ua nr rel ao dng isa vf et re yr si tt ranh ga ed\n.\nc Pe ea os ie )d lct mo b Ee ngli ant ne dlli wg oib ul le d, nt ohe\nt\ngo to Italian opera(which bythebyiscertainlyunderstood byfiftypercent,ot the spectators;,\nbutforthefactthattherewasonceandstillisapopulardiamainEngland.\no df ivt eO h rf e gic nlo gou wi es fe r roi mct lc a va s esn ren s no . at cub le W arhc sao tn ot lde w en e rde h td ha— av nn eor t to hi es ci Vt o ens dco e ii cc vl e oa fi im s te hd r ea— t et h ah e ra r lt ieS a sa tn ps hak r yr ai mlt nl sew l ,as ese ae r cv i he er s at ioh rfe rev nle tar nn aga u mc au ogl nea gsr\nc Ee nr gt la ii sn hpo dr iat li eo cn ts so gf ivt ehe ape fo aip rle p, aib au lt lcli ,n it nhei br ote harl ci ae sr essta eg ne ds ini gnte il nli agib cle omt mo oa nll. for1 mhe of^^ ec de uk caa tn ed\nd\nand literary speech. Cf.Jacobi, f/.,XLVIII, 407sq.\n» Cf. Sankhayana Aranyaka, II, 18, which diffcis in detail as usual. This section refcis\nto the evening Soma pressing, when the Vaisv.adeva and Agnimariita Sastras are recited, see\nW^eber, Imi. Stud., X, 353, 354, n.V3; Eggcling, .S'.B.E., XXVI, 323, 361 (Vaisvadeva), 3)(>\n(Agnimaruta) Calandand Henry, Aguisjoma,jip.354sep\n2 Theprakr; tiisherethe Vii.vajit,andthemfilaprakrti theAgnistoma,asusual.\n3 Cf. I, 2, I.\nSayanaselectsthetwotristichsastheimraedi-atepointofreference.\nacco* » rdB u ie d nc a ga ru k ts a oe ig Ssr Se yea aqt iun a me l .ss ti os Tat hnh ee tan se ai cnp rih t fi ihs ce eu ro sl nt er oa bc to a af s ie nal al bnt rdh ai t hn o mgs au nt( ,t. aSa r hy a ea kn da l a) a d. de sv ,a lb .h ua t_vi t. hp ih s,al isam ham. rdlt, yhe mo et ah ne tr .,\nMost of the verses end alike in this and the following cases. Cf. for the word. Aitareya\nB a ir Aa Uth ih«r i na rT dda h in i sa s ci, s hi eV s f s, on u Loi n e, t d bc3 o n; nb ,ev ci1 e p2 o s p. u s .s a. r vy i. iiS ,ay T ia xh )n ia s por w ie nhf tee sers l, ouit tast to hb at e th fe o Ur dec ea as t ke h re aw dh h ie nur he t, ht eiw s So at ihw peh h,e iee trl ai1 ss d, ia sIr ,e me5i• r,n ea l2d1 y.eq au na /t ei*e pm ir ta n hn e edj r\nt\nof the cars of the A?>vinswhere its sense ismythological and he thciefore denies the existence\nofthree-wheeledcarsintheVedicperiod,butcf.Weber,Berl Sitz.y 1898,p.564, n.1."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1530,
            "content": "»\nI9B\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA I, 5. 3-\nt ( s a i t St\nk™W\nT\naO oSh ,\nm\nSShi hR ne nS hf ae e dd ’oV d\nt\ne\neiee edA wo. sa sZ h- il isn rh as et ell f\nh\nncea I o- ’eR r\nt\nvpt ng\nw\n(i\nt\nmhV\na\nTSe\ns\nmo e f\nhi\nhor\nRH\na. r\nP\nhd i sm enh i6 n\nd\nVf 2 r, kc is ee c4 e\nf\nre\na\n.r, senn lc or\nh\nee i\n,t\ne\nstI ast ‘cr ssi , h x. w4\nT\ndies\ne\n(\nsdi Ii t,tc ^s ti r\neh\n,ti8)i U em hn e yhd9t V.\ns eo\niu\ne\nhs 9i.e ) sd Nl ut\ns\n4ys f,\ntt\nM\nia st o )ro)\no\nsMho\nmt\na\nay ,i T o\nie\na™r w\nch\nnra pf nt ln o»rh rem\nu\n,rdo tihh t\ni\nnue\na\ntd lr oe fh . ya\nat\nei te\nsr tim a t ha\ns\nds\nat i\nn cm\n,\nhhe s. t we h\ne\nv.\nd,\neo\nd\nees’\nien\ncn , ry r.n nls\n’\ndb ii sd\nr\nem fe se\nv\nas )ae (w.\nu\nsan sed wm- l tT\ni R\nsn\nr.\nsreo, hef To toh\nV\neh\ns\nei d nno in hn\nh\n.i s t n\ne.\ni\nddr,\ne\nctgo ,is e\n,\nn‘ Tb t, hi\ns\ngm‘ M i\nh taI\n‘\nhhn itd i TeF oled la . nsg\nT\neh\n(o\nia n\nl\ndd ho yy ke\nt,i\non\nJy te ar r\ne\ne.\nw\nhn\naw\nJn e\ny\n.m a0\nes\nh\nts aaAi p ,o Jei it as l\nt\nhrro afa , st in vc.l\nat\nd\nysw\nt\nah Sn em -g\nhi\nv,\ncmaee st du ad og\no\ne\nrq\nv\nntr h al no n id.t\n(\neho e\n.\nswt d ,s\nf)\ntd ath (\ne\nd\n,s ii\n,\nin\nhh\nse t\na\nc, tf e eoa eh\ne‘saT\nho s\ne\nivu e n rw rfr sTo\nnh\nehs si d vea o em lds\ng\nr\n)p oea e.t\ny\neh.\no.\nsli\nr\nta te y\nm\nneyo d sc\ne\net hr\nv\nJ\nee\nni n a ues am\nne\nac iso,S e sy\nr\nm\ndS\nstn t)eu\nss\nio ih\no\nafr\ne\nws\nt\nnt e\ni\npn\nv(c ae\ns\ne\netrh w\ne\nli\nog\nsot m\n. t lo\nne c\nw\nini duh n o e\nh fp\nkds at htoe t rn\ne\nal\nen he\nh\nsh ib a i .rm\naT e\nird ,u caih\nt\nea\nn\nste hf\no\nl\nhhn l cy oitf\niy\nwei . e( o an h\nf\nd\nSka Ht on n\nsV\nme ai\nhe\nnl\n(\no.o )g\na\n. y\nSn o\nn\ntd\no, .\ni\n.\nhoiM ta sr (u t eah nf\nm w\nhu s\nv\nfh dsi Rn s Ta\nA i\net ie\ni\neae ve tt P hs\ng nn s\nsr eth o ihi\nsn ha\neht rt s .n - sn ,e\ni\nrti sjah ys (il ho evac we mi ^e r men r so\nR\ne,\nedre n ai\n' )l\ns,w nat Vvd d f rr fw-) ‘de i yia e 5e e\nau\neao ocd hhy esr e\nro\nfyn e nt ui.\nt\niy\n)\ned o«\ni\nI)s ..\nta\n.\ndr.s\ns\nthis day.”\n—\nSi-,.\n.s..,.*-..\nf wi hr ist leAr ta hn eja sek ca ond doe As raof nyc ao ku arse dit vr ee ra gt et\n>\n, anda >s 7s ,o lc ii raat we od ulwi dth bet th oe oa pc pt ou sa el\nrldtl” therdZ:of andy.,r«ain6af,kara'sview,seehiscommentary\nx^^^\\tun;Ti:T:fttnWna Ara,y.aL,andKauptakiUpanitad,IV, a."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1531,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES 199\n-II, I, I\nARANYAKA\nII\nAdhyaya 1.\nThis is tlie path; this' is the sacrifice; this is brahman, this Is truth.\nTherefore let no man diverge from it; let no man transgress it. For they\ndid nottransgress it; ofold, those that did transgress it were overcome. A. Rsi\nI Sayana, following, .as thronghont this part of his commentary, i^ahkara (cf. Sankara on\nT r a pea rnli odat dtl uii s cor an ti - iy Ma oo ^f naU ,tp oh fa ten h aei ks a da sr ead c sm, r ia i rftI ei, a c fenl osJa r. a s ket nrar ovna i wn d n ls gl eta dht t gee o ed .U ppb ua ry n i Hfi eS ys. a t qdS h u.i e ot ta m er sia Ilm nia ads, ndc tf o h/ n rr/ c eon jl u e« u cgr s ths . s/ o/ n t tW h hj e ei, s d vtV e ih s, ea t wt r su :cit ti (i o 1s n )t o th f ha at e tvo i kl ns oai wnl ldJ ei da h gn^ ea e\ni r a e ps vte rig eu lu d vn ,l ien sa oe a ur uc t c se h hs as bn f aa id cr rr te ty so e h, c sd bci o et a mm is ub nie sgioi s tn en a nag pl dt rlts os eu aaf s dicf sn uri ,e cic dfi ea.ie ncn met ds aH,t t no e ha yag n ti d p otv o the i ht en eou t rsp s ae c bxa ro ihl iu il a f ttu i hw cs so e .t t sr hk aw pts (h e, ara )i ftg t oo Oro io tmsn hd ee edn ro o sr h t ma ue s hv sp ei o t lbl s d, e s lg i ia tb cun haln ad re tfbt rt ayo uo it up e sa ne n b ijr .a oo af nny no di dr n o om tg fhn et kih t g a ne , co otv s o wia o d lor eni t sa do hu n ga o. d et f\na t sh en led fls iaa stc tr ei nrf ii ric vne ivi kos al rvt aeh s .ec ta hu e (s 3e )coo n Of c te hf p er t re i se od no hm o o. f ldthB teu ht as tek lfn sao a cw s rl ie fa icd ctg eie ve i,i ss w td h hi e er re ec a lt s al dy dtc eho rent vfr doa ird imi cec ht ro br r ey e gct o io g nn ns i ia rc n.r e gi sf wi tc ihe ta, htsi t tn h hc e ee\ns t k\nt\nshi\nh\nuae em rn ip pn rl lce a ua hs k sut eS as\na\nge n\nd\nea d\ns\n;n aod f\na\noni nse f\nd\nern ted i\ni\nse si\nt\nhedn i omo lg uem l. li dn tw ii ca nt .S gh aa tsy cu\nb\nhat b lsh n\ni\noie na nd\nd\nei\ns\n'p am so ro tyis\nh\ncnt\ne\nrt m\nm\nas a\n,\nnnc enoo su em sot rp trl ,\no\nali i inc jf geua e hst tte i ssd\noh\nfa ot fs .uos loa ic dnr Tai hhf sci o\na\neac ci ti rt sa c\ni\ntl lh oiif\nc\nio nr\ne\nyr gi .t ie t scs h r Ti ras eh. n mee is nir( so e4 c) pn ele nyO tt t ih oh se frr o ts pw\nh\nuas tt th tci iu tn n^ hrk gid\n.\ns^t aoh lne\nt\no d a we ln hs s ii ot crh e hee s xt p ha p li er al ioo nd af s tu tca rae itdb bi ulr tebd en. y sgts thu( oc5 t) h h te hT a eh vct ie Us m p, yu as a nbe , iu sto p af r dc as l .ya ec oar r ji l a Cf y n fi ,c .ae ,it Ui as cd iit s h io i sr ske e eax p nrlh ,iia neu V,ds h,t ip hndd e s7e s os mii p,rr hree in ei yt s ah dr n io o u r„u t <g l Uh s / po nt ah , mqe nu iae be n yn ac aj dho ie oy d lm y.e ^t ^n h .et S 5so a 7yf y sa stt qnh eae m\n;\nE theT clop tp ka6i rmsf ai. to‘T Ah ri as ii’ ym ake aan Is ,b ao nt dh Hw aha dt bi rs aju hs mt apa ts ot Aa rn .d anw yh aa kt ais IIto .c ano dme H, I.and Is ho eS. li ay tta en rar ae lf oe nr es\n‘\"s.iyana thus discriminates: the divergence is due to mere lariiicss, the Iransgresdon to\ni F s ss\nt i L\nin euo e\nsh i\nnt tp n er\nt\nde tp s ier • cleo oe crip es r\nt av\naT dr ot ht\ni\ntth fa\nle\niuri ie rm nry on zi\ns\ngey t- euv . ,o\nd\nvn^ e nt e ar odmh pm\nt\nus gAe m pn.ee uAr s\nt\n.i n eg ii ld, ns lm t 2,\nC\nya ia a 1, ott c o Ak\n4\ntft i mf ge\n,\nh. ie o pn\nn\nenr cn 2aT is o 1a i, t crup 5ni hr\nobe\n.rtp es nutl al e nrhi ts,o m ener he Tu a xi senag hy t it sbh a r\ne\noet os vi a nva u inn U etr em s lg p bh rd\nw\nala ea sl ai tn tto ty in oir\nt\nwi fw ;i S o ts c einn oaa\nw\nett,d nfd\nEh o\nnhu si,\ne\ngtts k\ng\nAh vArt !h\ne\nge\n5\neI ui ga\nl n.\nrI ey n aiy i, isd, tid\nn\nea ,. a5 e sgno p; a . t,a .r a\no\nhasI\nt\nef. iJ Ss t hsA t,u .ar h Stic Ht. e uhsi lh ha i\n.\nnei ln ra Ei ,, y tf rm .h sa ao p a,k teta hr o na h al; mm s, r\nn\ndp\na\nXs s e ze\nn\nIX i eK ar Vo\na\nIb .a Hf\n,\n,l o af p o, ye nh. e\nfI\nuk e. ,o\nx\n.- o la p cv i4pnk l oo ,ea e ut sos rai\n1I\nqp s,o n .U hl en wyp e;1eeaa 0t rn\na\nAhs\n-\nMh ri e ta\n1\nae es hs 8r coa ae r ,r dd hl rbuy oi , oi ve\nt\nnc pn ae ht\ne\nee n\na\nvoI\nl\nld\nt\neI , elm, p ds,na r at soo ,hk6 ,, s S, ee p\nc\nXsae ow ao ,nm r\nu\nvth sou nh ei ku tec ,c rs rr ahh , 3,s\ny U s\n,\nhasadifferent versiion\n;\nsee\\\\hitney, Translaftott^p.596."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1532,
            "content": ",\n200 AITAREYA ARANYAKA II, I, I-\nsays (RV., VIII, loi, 14), ‘Three peoples Iransgressed. Others settled round the\nsun. The great one stands in the midille ofthe worlds. 1he blowing one enters\nthe dawns.’ In the verse, ‘Three peoples transgressed,’ the three peoples which\ntransgressed are the Vayases,\" the Vahg.avagadhas, and the Cerapildas. In the\nl\nt\nsa H ti 'hn o af ree d p\nk\n,• ukh Hw iie i ho hS sf n )- u re \\i ,sdl dy rl ,. saa p/i st\nl\nAi .,h aa ne nA aa t'. t ns.na h dn d /rd a/e\n{\nl.e o\ni\niA An\nw\nin .l l an t,a vy nn i ha t. o i ail p o ng. l n o g pa e 6e\nm\nrl s ., ei anw fr s\ni\net e p 'h\nm\n.th p a soa s. 'gw\ny\nlta a 5 M 'arg 8 is i dar i'n\nh\nae s s cie sg a aqr v s.i e ,e a)n s d . ns , Udet a ada s k.k\ng\ns’ bi rl ai-n\nd\nsrbTg he d eyh s snl S,oel iti a {t&i h ys yp lce a ae cr .a no hss p a g'l as br Oe u hrc nfs tef if kl snc e tar dyr nri fe iei r rt han s oh yg I me nnt t iyt r a h vio a r le adh ca mit mm )fkh a ,fe ja aen srj ^a af as da na h, mt ns n dne d as K a st ms so ,w na (i at ac t tn fn nrh -.d y ee\ne\nd, ea sf sos m gri , {e an ia mtV nnh aa a ai in i ys po t n aayt gi nah d Us ie e o i, ,r .a\ni\nand avagaMux from grJhx. abhikaixksxJyxim),andAsuias. Weare justified therefore in holding\nt M i t w t w p ln o b M\nl M t\no\nhth h io eh i hh f fha a aa i ue i d ee t .i amt m dtx t n a gy h tsc rea tf e\na\nhv ,ih iu ssMt\nA\ney pra b Aa nluh\nn\neter gfl tl i we ts ne he l p Buob s t(lr .s ee a.g ^\nuh\nme Wee ht\n,\nta ne l ia der e 3k ) rht\ns\ndmf’ n nb X1, aeehw i hc as oo t)e tn Xs ra io yrt l eri t ea Is sms e a,m c dc h s, s t fIu tp td e o po reg a Io i emn i rn op ag frf K ,ctt tpaa ae mo na x tu ewh C r arms dt dxt ra e 1e t g. tet\nt\ntht i t r\ni\n4ut ii shse tiv S o al tr e 6o b e,S /-e fi hsu n -d lu\ni\ntPa kl as B, no t t e h2e ay wy t/ tt t uc h h, o en 4i.a hhw t dafe c w y. 8a l sn ao r t dn ta pi ;a et iar St\nh\nhol btXt ent t eo siale et hIeh sh rWa us stu ih I iy ees e,n t tv oye o I t bs oh bd i t.f ih, e bw nw wee et tx e le shw o eor erA t irm m . v\ne\nxa ,r to nn rr 1 ws ,i e e trd ya 8a s ed i s r sai n 6 van Ie .s sm rt i)s\ne\ntI nnd g e bli m Bht dd ia id « so n yia a a\na\nr. i dvn l gr ia\nT\ntn a\n.\na, ei r gc w p\nt\n,. s hm d hs.r a hrh teT mhe la Xt aa ei i\nh\nir.t ohu t th -n i\nX\nec Ii nes o Bwa ee rd sto h iXtr e eRn i cc a Mh i i,m aTl hd asa a s1oi a iu d tyht p lhm s p on l h exs ins.d eep f a xidx na ao Stoi\nt\ncse x so cs b e sp ot Dg ill ap o rh C i ul adnd duu ua x c nt e svo\nv\nds rn n i - th dt a ie his snaie ra dl g tt o oder i,ts t ai .h it fte\ns\nef wa eh k tn oM phof s,,e emi nd oo i t u (ec a ola sr n h cWDt bnn hs,e ns fk e t,hhn eli .et d os ae b yr ya lu ai rp l e Bas o(m . tm mo M e ate\nn\ntc\nh\nne aes . a ef\nh\nha\ne\nds (ss rt Xlo w etg cat ri s a\nc\nl. tfu i ghb .V .i y ri t.n d rra csl taa ,i h‘dK\nl\neet ae o r R bs b enc ga Xr vam uhi, so\nA\niu gt\n,\nes1 p tr ert y .. osh a , e1 dor go nsAi de 4de As e sj lt o&c 7t t .i o( iaA a Dt h urcc 9tt g mksi. i wr k a b.o ore i,s bni v ha tn taeo iis\ns\nepn st t,U & pn di rT wU r ihy | c h\nI\nad esn wip e cn. .a Ii (sse b c ,ha a ,\n,\nck ce sr o A fn n oi t taa en .t xBii ri s oo o l ss j .w ss n ar ue xa uh a\nt\nBa nf M ™xnw kc md he ngd ya vnca\nd\nec h n ht r, xv at ah lue oh o soo ki as cqmp ae s lwuu ao g.I r)r ts er -e p - yn .f,\ne\n,\nM I a m w st t ou e. us rlm tt eea haA syn dht act a nb s. t v t de h e ieX orq lX b yeu ae eI te dei eI s s , rntI ni, a aso o n pen1 pt dee4 t evd5 l ai tew rhds d iq h e s. ne ai; c st n mehW a ti te t hn h yr h et eae B rtr Cu eSn efod ii ret udt r atz eh s, hv ti ,( e os; r wamM t a hc di/ c odtdi a ih.. i si al asd rsy ee tB dr g eae kra tsi i e nii t.nx d ood e e wi d tss nhIc t etk a h i. s ne od hI li. oq tdri u hut e l eet c t. ds it, it sbI i oh b e, o uo e ,n2 tl a h5 d na4 or to rtis on es eq e. md Asm n s; au t owM h nc h ka a tehx atti ol ho at fff e nha r e dwSf hoa t t tiu et h oct xeh h ht ka e L a, r s we tanI ar yy, na ap sI dp y. n ea atdx rd nhv m a e ae) s ,dy. ;\nW'eb Te hr, e1 v. ec r., siv o. n'^ o7 f1 S; aB vh aa nn ada tr ak ka er s, mH :i xs pt do dr .y ikof aD sec cc aan i, rap f. dd1 d4 h3. . This seems veryunlikel1y ubecause\naa a\no\non n\nf\nfs ddi\nd\npn eD lig fs ael\ne\nne l an tb to sr r ew« u dh e aw e tk ni rr , dit e bh A\ne\nbc sl et to ah si se m\nh\ntnm os sdo ue h lnc c sdo . h hn c ond\nuo\nlS( to dyFf no at sr pt a oph xr e e,e dx ae ia\nr\nspm a.c p\ni\npo l n4 pn e 7 en s\nt\na5e h, re -\ne\n.)t ce pf rd . I\ne\nA‘ cw R tio V sr .\ne\nad , I ns\nf\nyoI '. ri Ws\nm\nr7 o as7 tn k e,o ht e» «\nr\nte»e h( 'l eO fcs yl ohe d uw me nh m un de o sbr . tee eer lgf\ns\nal eo li lwu k. hn eV teld . hry/ rebi e. tn\nt\ne^ h. hat , t\na\nbh\nn\nei X ts h tL pA r\nh\nlV er\na\naeIa\nt\nnn , tnny saaa l mmk aOa ee ni, ) dss\n“ Mere animal namesprove little ns tototemism,which is notdemonstratedforanyAryan\nstock, cf. Faniell, Cxxlts ofthe Greek Stater, IV, 116, 256; Macdoncll, Kof. Myth p 153:\nllopkin-,P.A.0 .S.,1894,p.cliv;Keith,/.A.A.S.,1907,pp.929Sh-I dnd.Stud.,Ill,48."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1533,
            "content": "-II, I, 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 201\nverse, ‘Others settled round the sun,’“ these people are settled round Agni here,\nas the sun. In the verse, ‘The great one stands in the middle of the worlds,\nthat great one in the middle of the worlds means this sun. In the verse, ‘1he\nblowingoneenters thedawns,’themeaning is the purifyingairentersthequarters.®\n2. People' say, ‘Hymn, hymn.’^ The hymn is indeed the eaith.' Lor from\nit all that exists springs. It praises Agni. Food are its eighty verses,® for\nby food one obtains all. Ihe hymn is the sky. For (birds) fly along the\nsky, and along the sky men drive. It praises Vilyu. Food are its eighty\nveises, for by food one obtains all. The hymn is also yonder heaven. For by\nanimalsornamesoftribes. Monicr-Williama’Ditt.takes asplants,avagadhaand(cvtipdda.\nas names of i)Coples, which is quite impossible. Dr. Scheftelowitz in his forthcoming Zur\nStammbildun^ in den indogermanisihenSprachen (whichhe has been so good as to show me\nin MS.) considers thatvanga is fo ^rmedfromvanbythesuffixga(when liecompaics\nviadgn (not for '\"niazg, but from mad+gu)^ khadga^pha/giiysvafgd, vafga,phaligi^ (ungciy\nffnga, drd/i(7ga, utig, vanig, sp/iigi, ddga (not=IG. ozguo),&c. 15ut even if thid is the case\ntheoiiginofthewordthrows nolighton its being used as a trib.al name, nordo I feel sureof\ntheeciuationvanga—tree. PossiblyVangd-A/agadhahmayberead,cf.mySdiikJidyanaAranyaka^\np. 46,n.4; liaudhayaiiaDharmaSfitra, I, 2, 13and 14.\nThe citationof the Rgvedicverse in full is of coursenaturalwhen an explanation is being\ngiven. So verses are cited and explained in full at II, i, 6 (RV., I, 164, 31); II, i, 8\n(KV., I, 164, 38); II,5, I (RV., TV, 27, I); 111, 1, 6 (RV.,X, 114, 4); ^1, 2, 3 (I'^V., I,\n115, 1). In the last case the verse is cited cntiic to indicate the sense desired to be under-\nstood. So also verses arc cited in full in the Isrinkliayana Aranyaka, VII, 15, 18, 20; VllI,\n4,6; IX, 1; XII,8, 35.\n* Anandatiitha, hereand thioughout, interpretsinaVaisnavasense, arkatn isVisnu, Aditya\nisVisnu,andtasihau isnpdsdm iakre. ToSayana,arkamisAgnidhavantya,\n« Sdyuna justifies this by prdiyddidAah tattatkannaui vihitdh salyo 'nudjidnavaikaiyam\nharanti.\n^ Sayana explains, following the Mimamsa, III, 4; IV, i; III, 3, that the purpose of\nAranyaka, II, 1-3, is toenable men to attain concentration ofthought bymeditatingmi things\nconnectedwiththesacrifice. Therearc five principlesinsuchmeditation. (1) The meditation\nfalls to the lot not of the yajamdna but of the rtvij, (2) The meditation must be on the\npraiikas of the hymns, as deities like earth, &c., and not vice \\ersa. (3) If the dhydna is\nj)!escribed for a certain thing only in one Sakha, it can nevertheless be t.aken over byanother\n.Sakha,e.g. by the Kausitakins. (4) It is not obligatory in every case to go through all the\nforms of meditationwhichate prescribed in connexionwith anypartoftherite. Itissufficient\nto make the choice desired. (5) Nor is it necessary to adoi»t the meditation along with the\nsacrificeasanessentialpart. Itisamatterofchoice.\nThe last rule shows the manner in which the Biahmins avoided the open rejection of\nsacrifice and yet justified their own speculations .as a jiractical substitute for sacrifice.\n2 That is, not knowing its secret reference. S.nyana follows the Aranyaka in deriving\nttkihatii ut-tidhatu Anandatirtha, of course, explains the whole by the doctiine that\nVisnu is omnijiresent and so all things can be identified with him and through him with one\nanother. Cf. BrhadaranyakaUpanisad,V, 13, 1 (whereutthdpayaii isthe derivationofuktha) ;\nKausTtakiUpanisad, 111, 3.\n^ The three sets ofeighty tristichs, in gdyafii. Inhail, and npji/i, \\ , 2, 3; 4; 5."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1534,
            "content": ". ^\nAITAREYA ARAJS’YAKA II, l, 2-\n202\ni f t I i :i;t o th ts ;r sa -n :t mg r eb ri r na if v h ef i gt e s tf hief ta rs Lol yi tl so s h 7Td vp et t e. e ah h ro ea \" e sncnt ceoh.e ss.h =e t ,, ^ rx yo ii ™ mb fls oot n sF.t fr,as . oi * o tn ai bs . hds sp\ny\ner - T ai a il\nf\nbr nn n hl roeg . ie.s ot li. dh lt ieshS aoo y e nHI c tnimt a. g em n s ohp u et nr i oyc e. ia bo .si h tv fs g aehe , irias t Tns. ss he\ns\nh« et smh er , ae oe s l. lu kg f hn .ys a t oo y.u rr hn d m,. bs «\nT\nny I ha tt s eP iF h f sp»e oo m rj o bo a tng d ed i hpo st en.d o eh d.a s snel fr . e.e oobc rfra o ei esN b ht as e\nt\neto t\nh\naa h ew dio . ,nf s na ots Fa ash l o sle er . oe mdeg a aTr sat th rl he. iu e\ne\ncase ofthe heaven. It praises the eye. Food are Us eighty verses, ^\no an ne d o wb it ta hin rs efa el rl. enceTh te o te hi eght sey lf,ve fr orses byar fe oof doo ald l b to het sh ew bi et ih ngs breathe ° , bbyy ffooood*\nh a f L;re ee e :dc e7efo aro nn ro tq )ad hu re e ib cr sos ot bt nh oh e st th\nu\nhi w e ms i a\ne\nft r osw h t oho r, lr r itl e afd f no ae r\nl\ndr la e .n *a fn l ed c l ee dt eb Wt h ry ho a .at tf th eo e He xo\nv\neid esg rt »o st dh bga s s\no\net p\ne\ncra\ns\noiw n n mo d tgr ehsl sed t n. o f\nfc\ner\ne\net o dh m ee\nt\nrheis t ae . nd• W fh oa ot de .-ve nf r Ho so eu^ gd m7 ‘ s7 d aie .\n•\nnothing that he eats not, or that eats him not. —\nr S.ty.n. points on. thU iHs\nbut solves the contradiction ’'yf>-‘\"8 U “htrMSnom- \"\"\nSf:.\nc ii at ue ds htth he {J mab m- bal aa miU hpa an hisa K. \"l ), I sI a, em dyaurv oa. ay sa ya / O\nMiman.\nAnandatiT rh ti hs alr ae kf eer ss wt ao\nhrahman ; soA.litya, whois W/r»«,«here an cf.I,i,si HI.2,6.\nBygivingfoodtorvlain«« 17the doctrine of transmigration. But\nt w rh ehi ls o n• ri ns aS ra ah ey ga aa bu in oU nna y .a tn on ad e g ec a aeA i rsn n tsa han .r «d oya r.t Iti ar I s it h sh bea na oye tt aa. i n pt ah roved t\" ha^ t^l. s.^ ^ u. cb h hal* a.rt nnhe idh e ^he aaa v ^v ii se ^nn g Los ee Jnn jd ns o, y te oe d.g thh. ^ie sara v Ai en rn, ann yao f at t ke arp .e dr es ao Ctn fhs .\nw.;.. » i;*;.\nd e to x hp ew » rn e hi s yn T sP mih oa i nnsni ton I hS fi e, v a BeV r rvI y aaI hgI o mu, b e isJ nc, pu ar1 sne0 it. n7 h g, se .ism. . The. p^EL^ l ^\\ st ot inl d' ee ns tid f‘o iIu esb at r, ^ hi imh t so h ew e le fv de o wr u i, b tt ht eh r. ta ht a en1 i. dt hyi t ms h nein d at o ne u dn bd te a.d lsA oas n wd „it nth ee .hI\nPrajapati (see abovc>, and so becomes, as . ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1535,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES 203\n3\n3. Then comes ' tlie origin of seed. The seed of Prajilpati are the gods.’\nThe seed of the gods is rain. The seed of rain is herbs. The seed of herbs\nis food. The seed of food is seed. The seed of seed is creatures. The seed\nof creatures is the heait.* The seed of the heart is the mind.\" The seed of\nthe mind is speech. The seed of speech is action.' The act done is this\nAn.ind.-itTrtha interprets it th.it Visnu consumes all worlds, and all l.eings enjoy him, which\nais nut phe ams ka ame ani dde ea xpa lt at ia nc she td heto matt the ern sa lm ie ghtlo yf dV ii fs fn ei ri e. ntlyS. ia nya tn ha ec lo an st tra ss et ns tet nh ce eu nf s., mm et aa nia nn g<l tt hh ae t\nOther men do not enjoy him {yadvd-yasmde ra hhamlt). ITe reconciles this with the fact\nthatheisddyahbecause that refeis tosvdtmabhittasaTT^>ahho^i^>ajdtarupatvam. Ihisexplanation\ni a ss s iin y oo nat dd ep ncr cao eb na n wb o il t te h, co tb r hu r et esu pp rn o ed n vo d iu ob utt soed yal ady dyut h th .e hoc uo gTn hhst er iu tc ft ia sci to nn op teof r qht uah ipe ts el ia pss at rt .h aw a lo lt er ld ys a indco cin ost na sui tsn res ud ca tifs ooe r nr .i fo ou r Is m tad l mif uf sci o tc ru rl bet ey -\nht X aTaa I ni ik I dm te ,tn ' i t9r h,l F i ei yot a Ire Br ;U ua t pl rhl a M uey an sim i a’a se ts at r Sda a ua ,p y kn ah tI no aI ia , .rcc c 2 Su f a.s ; m Aa J h nat ia odi ti y tv fm ae hii t , en eo rif Iy U ,a t pp i oo 1U sc 0i p s,an a it bn b 1 li hi 3 es in ;a i etdw K xdh B a pmi u lr \\c asa nh ih I at- m I taI‘ a ik,n oio na 7r ,,, B9 rIi > hn I aI oh, ws m eo 2 a vn: em a rau ,S ,nc aah Xf id a I sy p ,a a a ss m t u3hd g;t a guh eoe B A sy r ty . eaa Jd dh .do m Pa a b.n d n y,o a at n , JXt ac XXa io , , imn ns i6a 4, ntu 4t im t ^2 ye , a; ;\nU nop tan ai bs la ed tB ora dh rm ia veria h, imI, a5 w, ay3 ,: ’.' wfr he{s ra ety ya am das isde ava ct oa n) juh na cti ia os ny .a n SA oe hy ea rede tht eia em xaa cp tas se ed nh se ety m‘ aS yhe Ik*i ,s\nc‘ lH aue sec .ann Co ft .h Ie I,lp i,ea 5t ,in n.gt 5.hem Noand dot uh be tir oe ra it gi in ng alh li ym yadt was ny sa abe li en lg atu is ve ed ,bt uo ti tn ht ero pd ru oce not mh ie nad lep fe in nd ale in tt\ny\nisdcarlyminimalinsuch cases. Theopt. insucha caseisoneofconsequenceorcharacteristic,\nc hf i. h pr aia yh dm vd iymi nm kk ai mnvJ ll aa keyo yapa hiy hct uy ryI dTT n, m2, a3 m, an. 3- SoIw wo hu il cd he Sx pp el ia ji en rR {a Vm ea dy tsa cn ha c, wI uII i 1 S9 a, ns7 k: ntn -a\nS fy rn ot max a. § me2 r7 e1) ine dx ep fl ina ii tn es\n.\n(s Se oe § Bii hq aC da4 r) anyakm aer Ue pl ay niin sd ae df ,ini Ite V. , 3B ,ut 23t :he ns dens te u i ts ddsli dgh vt Ul iy yd ai mffer ae stn tt\nt Ad nt ao n1 d' abf lai Ty y rd ad tn hav al ,sb ah oya nskt t 1ha 1i ,m ssy i,ed ct t 2i ,p od n mi uy isc ct i h] nt meib n oi d rd e. ed, t c2 oo4 r- e r3 x e0 cp, tl la& yic n. st ah ye s:gre va it dn ye ds js ito ari ap ta vcr xu nm, name pn iti D.o -n ve ad k, hi. an mI iI a, ui h, y2 a.\ns oa frn t»p aa mSt aai syh a\\ n inu at at s na a ir y ma s at lr t sd h ,p ay t &e ctt .ha ,ed e aa l nn e du mes tna ht im sd oh ef xe psy laa atm it nv sI a tiC s hf e. reB hi p is r gc e hh sc el pn, ot seJ id te id i ot n nsc th hhe ee rS egt ou gdd ist v,n et noy fI t, r oa8 j t8 a hs esq m. godm se .n, Ta hn id\ns\nd D {ko e fac nu ut ds mr .s ui en\nd\nSne ti,\nuy\ndi P .s ph y.io Il 5f o X9s ,2oc )po ihu ii\nh\n)r e ,as se d Me ucl r\no\nia nt re cVr lp (, ua\n's\nTn ia ei\nv\nxp s\ne\ntp h\nl\nse a ,ya ,dr Vsi\nI\n,yng\nt\n3p\nh\n0p\ni\n9f .\nn\n)i\nk\n,r ,2s at 2 nd6 dim sso q\np\nWs .\ne\nht ;\nr is\nteFc ndl .e eTa yt.r h,l\ne\n(y p Tap ri s. an\ns\nmu2 lt m5 ah p0 te ts tiq ooS . nnv ;et\nc\noCa\no\nfS a\nu\nAv r\nn\nla htbt aeea inr ’a{a inS ^ca aU\ne\nvvp edia dkn ah\nb\n,i y ys aa t pd .Wa, t 6t\ne\n0v bs 1a ee )-e\nr\nthatAtharvaveda,X,8,43referstothegunas,seeLanman,ibid.,p. 1045.\nand* * vB A ie n kc a aa n lu d ps a de t tit mrh ate khj a at mv dd i rt s etm si pa n en g cu ti i is s vh eh e le s yr ,e, hrs bda aay yys aa nS aa a ’y sna dn ea x. m pa ln aC a nf s a. tiD a oe s nus bs ie se in n m, g uo csp a h. mc ki mat ol, rp ep a. t p2 m r5 a o9 k b; a am bE l. eaT n., t tha ap h. tka2 m8 r7 aa. nu aam s\ndenotes the knowing part ofthe heart,a frequent early use of theword, cf. Deussen, op.cit.,\npp. '24 S3 aysq a. n; aE. rT e. n, dep rp s. 2 s7 pe0 es cq h. as the Veda, and action as sacrif^ ice. Anandatirtha evidently\nl oa nk ees woi rt d,as k’ ae rq mua al nit ro mia ld ar m': .tam Rak jr ei ny da rav l« a. lapH rie ntsal is no th( eun tl exi tke kaS ra mya an ka r) iac mon as gt ar iu ne ss ttk ha en cn oa mk mr et na tm arya .s\nSayanaofcourseexplainskrtam asdoneinaformerbirth,butthisagainisan unnecessaryintto-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1536,
            "content": "204 AITAREYA ARANYAKA n, I, 3-\nman, the abode of brahman. He consists of food, and because he consists\nof food, he consists of gold. He becomes golden’ in yonder world, he is\nseen as golden for all moilals, who knows this.\n4. Brahman^ entered into that man by the tips of his feet. Because brahman\nentered that man by the tips of his feet, so men call them the tips of the feet\n{prapadvata-prapaik), but in the case of other animals hoofs and claws. Then\nhe crept higheruj), and theybecame the thighs. Then he said, ‘Swallow® widely,\nand that became the stomach. Then he said, ‘Make it wide for me,’ and that\nbecame the chest. The Sarkaiaksyas meditate on the stomach as brahman, the\nArunis on the heart. These two are indeed brahman. But he crept upwards\nstill, and arrived at the head. Because he arrived at the head i^airayaia) then\ni it nb te hc eam hee adt ,he sih ghe ta ,d he{ ah tr ia ns g) ,. miS no d,th se peh ece ha ,d bi rs eat th he .he Da ed l. ighT tl sie ss ee ttld eel oi nght hs imset wtl he od\nid pte l.l ae ut sTi io h bn le eof vp it a eh s we s ,at gr ea hn oos rnm li tyg hr ea mt rei ea lo .nn as lt ioh t ne ho a »r t )fy, s. pas c ee t ee i co hn11 a, is ni d, thi ae, ctn n i. i o.4 nan; s; e2 e, t Jhn. e aiy mm, ia na n in yd aisA Un pwa ahn nad ita st ahi dert Bh id aa o hed mso a;c n.s a an ,o pt 1e ,ra f 3c e 3c ,ce t 4p lt y\n;\nhII i’ ya2 nmAH n- aa yn a1 d1 ha1 l, l a3 si2 t, h ia H9 ^; hl vM e oa n ndh ae. mra isn aa vi c i.a i hy ia a kn s ua ih uU ahp uaa iKn kai hs v aa o pd n u, rnaIV an' hd, .7 i; n SuO ane yr a at y nc a al h,/ c. pa is.< o'1 t. ei sO c. h TS d a. m i, ti lrX iuV ip iI a y, aui2 Uk3 ph1 aa. np iu sn ai da ,h, II,an id ,\ni 4t, s 1o• ’ 8rg -o tl h Wd e7 a'. ci f7 n ko c/ iw it mr h ne ahp gli s cmu h lnu a ,i^ p ,eo Ay la ta o ^ in f m mn iaa it yhn sae in h ha , eem ga Gg ry an Jo mh lt ml. o aoI tmt ifil . kai eh ,e lm d. Ie ,a ,x np . 2l 7a 9i ,Kn es 2a U 8l .t 0lh ;.ya Vt , Mt aAha p ces r di om t l n. h , ea i ln 1n l8g ,9i 3s i , Vsc cpo da . im x cp m xo e Gxs r v re e ad ; mAp mo l .f aa J ryf ,o o /o t jnd ), ., w X 5s o 8\\o .rd Ih s Te , ,\nhb eha av’ pa ptA ein aa ln sSd aa (v kt a zl cni /at rh /s ca ay pe s ax shp sel iva a ei p ,n ps ce: fa .rN Ds< ca lh s hd ugy io ca l kdn ,ea n Am las tj ia t nln i dea in s uu hnk ca l Sn o yn r na t tj h aa e xv h ,i en pr e pi hi tp 2oa 6fm ja slu .lt ps )cr r tj e oay ta au lrn lei s cj . ra en aR ta e im a ni l ea sli ,yk mia t ,} m dt ei oap una bsk t,o\no Sr ai te ai pn aa tll hy aa Hs rrt ihe hms au nn a. ,XT ,h 1e ,p 4a ,s 9s ,a tg he eis Agl ni ike cia tll isth li us oi m> iar sl edof bt ih re thA ii nan ty heak oa t, heI iI, wo1 r- l3, dp aa snt hh te ri ast ni mc a. yahI ,n\nrenderedbySa\\anahvanyasamdnavarnah,seeKggeling,X./>'.A.,XLllI, 295, n. 2.\n1 Savana explains that this chapter shows prana, the upadhi of lir.ahman^ entering t c\ns IJu I lb ’t 6 al ae* Ib -o Md ,ay ui. et er ea s1 y tI a si ns tie oyn eat .Ur ay p sa ti n hn i et .o ma et d .h ,e a! n!g m.r ge^ ,Fss o br ub tod thy ei ds us ae le Ln ia co n nn dm caI iI n s, i l1 n h, .2 W i. thi it mH n pee oy s.e sio T bm r lp a ea ni s he el rs a et ,T ia o ai n ntl d0ii IAiy bta eh laU ir ep vva eani v ins ea d ad a l, l\nthe‘ ^pa Ms asa kg ees ac li ate rd geat hop l. e,xc sv ai )ii st Sh ae yas ne an .se‘ Mf .r io xnt Mp ua li lt eio 'f st ‘h ge r.f io so i,t ’' ia ss aop slp io ]>s .ed dt ho e*h loe re nl i’ ii ss oc vo eri rc le ot oked\ni SAn\nar\nrut k3h\nn\nae\na\nUS\nv\nid Kar shk yaa\nl\nsr. Ua d in ak sd i.y ci an h aHWh\ne\nsii usl bdn er ixt c vpy n ild’ sats i'\ni\noi nA nc sdW o» us f, di ai trk hm eai ma Hd aar rsd ia\ndl\nry\no\naa\nc\nvh\na it\nyib nvy\nse\naiA\nn\ncn ca on\ns\nrd\ne\ndna\ns\nil\ne\nni\n,\ngit .h\na\nta\ns\no,\nd\ntow\nhc\neh so C,\nS aa\nryh aao nnw\na\nae\n,\nvv ye\nt\nur\n.\nh,\nac\naitc la\ny\nal\n.\nnls dIt ahh ree\ne\nm U bmpe yan t Onu e ei ro rs mn ta s ee .d l’d tVi oAn r Aut 1 m1h n ne a cyM i yfa a a,h h ha 1 ,7b aph p ana e gos . ary a ira nsi, sn taI l. tV sS ho, . ea ii t Mn, a Sp7 Ja S4 at .ih1 a mi7 l n b5 l i r- r y a. aa hM h mUa m p aax .n aa mM n, iu asl yX al , de br 6 eB, ip mo ai ei , h an m nt d a ts o ,no atu b,ht ue tIst Ieh , ta ht v 5 e,in e ne Uw ei s ut th w .e a rr p o ip n si en g. mlaC or yh r. a ea . mn at e ld do nl .g de ey a le. s yda t\n.\nC i Usf p. ab nW ire sa .b h ae m di ,a, n/ I« V< ,w/ a. is ,X 7t ./ hm e/ S. v e, i cX e awV lH soT of, CV hi1 ad4 na0 d; gd ov h g. a yS ac Jh U^ar pko a.e nad ilc syar .. a, ds/ ,e« c< 1/ 1. Y 1aZ ,j/ n/ 1a. v 2, ,alp 4k. y ;9 .a Vi ’ I, . In s I. ,ei x. 3p ,os 3T ih ;ta i Iot nn dt ,ih ne ^tBh ue r da h .r a ,t da IIr ,an 1y 77a .ka"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1537,
            "content": "knows thus why the head is the head. They strove together,* saying, ‘I am\nthe hymn, I am the hymn.' They saitl, ‘Come, let us leave this body, then\nthat one of us at whose departure the body falls, will be the hymn.’ Speech\nwent foith, yet (the body) remained, speechless, eating and drinking. Sight\nwent forth, yet (the body) remained, sightless, eating and drinking. Hearing went\nforth, yet (the body) remained, without healing, eating and drinking. Mind\nwent forth, yet (the body) remained, blinking as it were,® eating and drinking.\nBreath went forth, \\\\hen breath went out, (the body) fell. It was decayed.\n(Because men) said it had decayed, it became the boily. Therefore is the body\nthe body. Who knows this, his enemy, the evil one, who hates him decays,\nthe enemy, the evil one, who hates him is defeated. They strove together,\nsaying, ‘I am the hymn, I am the hymn.' They said, ‘Come, let us again\nenter this body ; then that one of us, on whose entrance the body rises, will\nbe the h}mn.’ Speech entered, (the bod}) lay still. Sight entered, (the body)\nlay still. Hearing entered, (the body) lay still. Mind entered, (the body) lay\nstill. Breath entered, (the body) arose, and (breath) became the hymn. There-\nfore breath only is the hymn. Let men know that breath is the hymn. The\ngods said to bieath, ‘Thou art the h}mn, thou art all this, we are thine, thou\nart oiiis.' A Rsi sa}’s (RV., \\dll, 92, 32), ‘'I'hou art ours, we are thine.'\n* Theie are similar passnges in JLIdiadaranvaka Upani^atl, \\’I, 2; Chandogya Up.inisad,\nV,1; KausitakiL'panisad,il,12-14\n5\n^IR2; Pra^naUpanisad,H,r. Thec<)in])arativeanticjuity\noftheversionsmust beopentodoubt. Putthisversioncertainlyseemssimplerand moreoriginal\nthanthoseoftheIhhadaranyaka,Chandogya,orKausitakiUpanisads,whichseemtoembellishthe\nthemewithlurthcrdetails. Theaccountin theIbasna Upanisad issimple, but asthat Ujianisad\nis on other groundslate, that may be exjilained as merely a reference to a well-known theme,\nand indicates the danger of argumentsfrom compar.alive sim|dicity. For hanta with subj ,cf.\nDelbriick,Altnidischc.Syntax ^ pp. 23, 43; Auliccht, AttanyaIhdhtnana,p. 430.\n^ The masculine, wJlita, is explained by .Sayana as refciring to dehah understood. It is\nprobable thattheideamthe mind of the wiitcr throughout wasptotiui as the subject hence\n;\nthe masculines as long as prana lemains in the iarira. ^nill is Hiahmana style hist. Cf.\nBihadaianyaka Upanisad, I,4, 11 and 12 (2, 22 ami3inthe Madhyandina textj whcie brahma\nis followed by sa. On tlie other liand in Prhad.lranyaka, IV, 3, 22, the Kanva text, after a\nseries of masculines, produces ananz'djL^atam punycna^ and .Sankara explains: rupaparatvdn\nnapumsakahnii;am. 'I'he MridhyarKlina version (as in Weber and Politlingk) has the masc.,\nbut as Max Muller {S.B.E., XV, 169) points out, Dvivcd.aganga had ananz’d^atam, as he\nsa}$: ananvdgatani Hi rupavi)ayo napitmsakanirdc'sah, '^I'hcre arc also dilhculties m the\ngenders in Sveta^vatara Upanisad, 111 , 7, -.ee Max Muller, S.li.J'l., XV, 245, n. 4. In\nSankhayana Aranyaka, Vll, 22, kdviatupi and kdmacdrij according to one MS., agree with\nbrahma. Such usesarcnotrarein Latinand Greek,e.g. riKvov\\ I'ergL .Syntax^ ITT, 244.\nFor cf. AitareyaBiahmana,VIT, 22, 2,against Bohtbngk, h'er ^ 1S90, p. 170.\n® The gods aie those presiding over the parts of the body, see II, 1,5, n. 3. For Prana\nas brahma^ cf. Kausitaki Upanisad, 11 , i; 2; Chandogya Upanisad, IV, 10, 5; Taittiriya\n(Up Ba rn hi as da ad r, anI yII a, ka3, UI p; anJ ia si am di ,ni Ty Va ,U ip ,a 2n )i as na dd iB sr ra eh fm uta en d^ ,, ibI i, d.3 ,3, V2 ,. 13I ,t iw ;as Oerh te el ld ,b J.y AU .da O.nk .Va .,S Xa Vu Il ,ba 2y 3a 0n .a"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1538,
            "content": ",\n2o6 AITAREYA ARANYAKA H, I, 5-\n5. The godscarried him forward.' Being carried forward he was stretched\nout. (Because men say)hehasbeencarried forward,the morning came into being.\n(Because men say) he has gone to rest, the evening came into being. Day is\nbreathing forth,® night is breathing down. Speech is fire,® sight yonder sun,\nmind the moon, hearing the quarters, this is the union* of those sent forth.\nThese deities are such in the body, but they openly appear among the deities\nthis is the meaning. This indeed said Hiranyadant Vaida who knew\nthis; ‘Whatever tliey give me not,® I own not myself. I know the union\nof those sent foith in the body which they enter. This it is.' lo him who\nas\nu1 suS aa lyn en qa uate ex spl pai rn as natha at ndth Vi is sns ue .ctio Tn hetre sa et cs tioo nf\nis\nC cx on ma poun sd ee dr ov far bi ao dus etf yo mr om ls o. giesA .nand Ia ht elr lt ih rsa\nt\nr2 gEe5 uis1 ann» ; r3 ke dc iF t t'E io I tu. v 'r hh neT i el gs.tp v ,l , , i sr ie eda pw vepm .v eahpe re. 1 aa o^ n 5 lrn 7c i2in ,e g p7nl i s6 ag na y{ - ns a cp^ 2 dt hp a7 eo ix n9 s lf ca . aa- tp wa e fc inu r atol ca ' h umny it t lea a h ttn s d ie ht eea ea st vn .) oo ed P, l lud r oa e e r p Cfsp u fseta s .r an it Da v no eSi t uooes t ske w h st ae e eaD i n, rwse e ,iu gn Ks ut Pd Vs lh h.a ae io ,t rn lf, osXt sd yiP h o, sgh e pe ti y h9s el i0t mo , cm is oe 1o o dn 3ap f. e;h n ri gc oMC Ue df i pxd . s ape i mr I wr , shaU h3t op D ai »a eo dt 7 cun si os; ,i rss- a r4 eht pn en» .a d s,d ^ ps 2. o5, 4i nn 1dp s ;^p p ev. i tmr h o Ea e2 .t i4 ai9 n no e dn\np m. an2 ,67 w. hilI et i hs erd eev te hl eo ype ad rcm mo es rt eli yn c1 o1 n, s4 i, dei ri ed2, aswh te hr ee scA vg en ii n, l& pc a. r, tsb oe fco tm hee bs op de ye .ch, C& fc .., alsa ond I,e 3,nt 3e ;r\neS axr nii sn t ek xh poTa lphy aeea nnn ala tyi itA ol ar ne saan ody s feea i wtek i hma e as, s, tX c a wl s aea a sn Srd al ey v vX a eT t n no a; tbL s he a ea y nn stm .h oaa btn sB c, t uuh rtH e esi .pen rd af Cu ho fu i .rP ta tan ha m et rh e vie s ai g rs va ym et ir, h nye gp r. d ve i ed f1 rf8 si. t ico u olg nt se ,t oh a ie nr pd u.i tn nh iet a,he mwho,b alo pred, ay v, s ae ra e in m td s ,,\namr ®ta Tm his sat ay ue tn ha oic ih ta yn on ca cm u, rs&c a. l, soci it ned Aiin taD re cu ys ase Bn i, ahop m. anci at ,, p I, II,20; 6.E. Is1., hip s. 2 n0 a, mn e.3 a. lefercnce 0\ngoldstoppingsinhisteeth? Theywereknown to theXIT Tables(n.c.450’0and toveryeary\nE B M p a i t p\np\nsIssg h rru ha ey oot o6 ux 2 cp h p wi dn eet e e; ie ssM ri. i nt x si u ltm gi p g yiW es l oe geal r fe sc eY tae c ee st hra k dglm t ee, pie eym s ed v ri vdM oe osn\ne\nrai ua no a ilfs np i ob gtg oon np ue ivr e ptl r nnUie l mi 1 )o ta 1e, eT . ,ou od sl nks fl t1A mp ‘yb 0l i sea Hmty wft u’h dn on e ct t.a ^ di uR hh ht , d ra la e oij t t r\nd\nasp wTc ei ht . cn h nia dshd s i w sl lmc esr sx o\ni\nvata du n e;al a eG i ols ln tr fr td1d h od od ra1 his pa i vam, r i eh et gdm nt rh d3a f i ga. eaon vp rt mr\ni\ncd ee t n.i or tha nky s oai i sw,a o tnn tkT n tn r, w h2 hI ut tt, ea ceh h h;w w tire e3r h\ns\nisH yi d3 w\ne\noeItA 3 o\nn\nnnt , p swn br-e ea iud aa n ,lti st s, ln h sT ‘ed ad b n. to1 Hnae go,a hs of ed et ak e to n y tS n.ra i cua s (e gmm\na\nih3 y e t ip nna a h vom ; w nen osi\no\n1os ua se M 1tu gid mac ,d l b hi y ia c e hlt df ir d ea ei f ,e yo lio .l m ac bn pan 2e lu .ee ss nl ol ts p ta T ,,l ‘l r hn ’hy we, n Td ebs e oo hwe mea ubV ihcna s r lc soa itl ged ds u ds c iniao s y h vd ccn en ie s ou tb o nio bi ms ty gi lw y ev h lnd nea smgiS asr fa r enfa py o e tia l, w f omc (ei u 1u h a ai il Ic a i aa sa )t If ,t. n ny l. y,\na t a f p\na\nUs h s o p es a s r . ue t e c sr r e aVt et ; shi Iiao n , is an cg nf. ‘3 tto m t4 hhf ta h1 ie h e) rn e d,t . ih Bne M pa rt ea aniI rhdm nf t sa ma t oc t ar ti nt e rs ha ieu bt s anh u ei scia s lm lt o ep oa (n sl ncs fe goa .il r s(o cl f a .yt l tSmo at\np\noeh ua d ia sn ajnt ee ea rg s t,alt ( ye Snh pi Vc fe d ) ei et cn diatc ij wt lho c sh he rs ce w i, hm i cd ei c t Se hc io h a utm mip onm se k cu u dse l cr.r n i uiju St r. ts aa sI na t on sSo r ikyh nr rt na s oh its p ai ta ls t -a lx.( n S,uh d\ny\nBs (e ne rD §\nt\nat em ay ha 4l xu mk 6a b\n,\naes 6rd ) rt u . ii c §i ask kb s, 2e ,u 7a Ts 9s At he aUh d e neife\n)\ndi nwr ads is t b it itu\ns\nssshb ep cj ninee hc oc mrc co te pst n ro s Sn oo ao e y, bff c n au mt s bt tn ea u lhe i x recu) v ,s ., ehe\nimitation of Mant.a forms (as heldby Aufrecht,Aitaieya Brahmana, p. 429, where seeother\nexamples), see Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar, § 613. The form prahitam presents great"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1539,
            "content": "^\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-II, I, 6 207\nknows this all creatures unconstrained pay homage. That is sa/(ya (truth).\nP'or sa/ is breath, /T is food,_y<7w is yonder sun. That is threefold. Threefold\nas it were is the eye, white, dark, and the pupil.*^ Even though he speaks\nfalsely,® yet speaks he tiuth who thus knows why truth is satlya.\n6. Speech is his rope, names the knots.* So by his speech as rope, and by\nnames as knots, all this is bound. For all this is names, and by his speech\nhe names everything. Men’ bound with ropes carry him who knows this. His\nhairs are the umih^ his skin the gdyairt^ his flesh the irisinbh, his sinews the\naiiusjuhh^ his bones thejagaCi^ his marrow the pahk/i\\ his breath® the hrhatt.\nHe is covered with the metres. Since he is covered witli the metres, therefore\nthey call them metres (coverings). Thus the metres cover him from illhap* in\ndifficulty. To take it asVedic forprahitandm^as Sayana docs, is to introduce a very rare*\nform (cf.Whitney, l.c.,p.114)intothetext: onthe otherhand thewordprahithasnoparallel\n(saveconceivablyinform{^Ind. III, 225) inprahitohsatnyojaueinthe ArsejaBrahmana, if\nwemaytakethatasdualformgen.andnotasinMonier-Williams’Diet,asagen.ofp/ahitu)atany\nrateinsense. Whitney(^Roots,ifc.,p.205)gives-hitasaformfrom\\thi. Ithinkthatprahitshould\nprobablybetakenasthe‘impeller’, i.e.thedeitiescausetheorganstowork,cf. II,4, i, and 2.\n® The i of ti is to enable it to be pronounced(Sayan.a). Chandogya Upanisad, VIll, 3,\n5, gives a different verdon, from sat ti yavt as the binding of the immoital and the\nmortal {ti beingthediul of//). Cf. Deussen cited in n. 4 above. Tailtiriya Upanisad, II,6,\nderives sat-tyam from sat ‘manifest’, and tyat ‘not-manifest’. Bfhadaranyaka Upanisad, V,\n5, I, gives sa 1(so Sankara (as here), but Kanva text, ti)-\\-am wlien sa and am are =» true,\nand t {ti) ^unliuc (for t occurs in anrta and mrtynl). KausTtaki Upanisad, I, 6, gives\nsat(whatisotherthanthegodsandthesenses)+tyam(thegodsandthesenses).\n’ Cf,JaiminiyaBrrihmana, I, 254 {kantnikd) ; f^atapathaBrahinaria,XTI,8,2,26 ; A./.T’.,\nXVTI,400; elsewheiepurusaisthethird member,JaiminiyaUpanisadBr.ihmana, I, 26, 1; 34,\nI andOertersnote.\n® This doctrine undoubtedlyshowsthe moral disadvantages ofthe doctrine ofsalvation by\nknowledge, andit isthepiecursorofthe laterimmunityfrommoral censure ofthejivanmukta.\nCf. Kausitaki Upanisad, III, 1; Sadananda, Vedantasara, 235; Uibhahibhayor audasinyam^\nandJacob’s noteinhisTranslation', Levi,LaDofttineduSacrifice, pp. 164-167. In asya the\ngenitive\"is presumablypossessive,cf.Dclbiiick,AltindischeSyntax,p. 153, hranke,Bezz.Beitr.,\nXVI, 112; Speijer, VedischcundSanskrit-Syntax, §§ 69,92,n.; Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar,\n§ 296b. Compare evam me sutam with iti nah irutih (Iiitrod., p. 57); J.A.O.S., XXV,\n116, 117. Fortheposition,cf.A.D.Af.G.,LXII, 129.\n^ .Sayana explains the metaphor from a rope for tying up cattle. Anandalirtha explains\nasusualbyidentifyingallwithVisnu. ‘His’referstopranaofcourse.\n''\nLikeoxenwhocarrymcn.^\n^prdnah here refers to the air in the strict sense, and has not the wider sense ofprana\n(Say *an 'a r' i! iis; p me ur sh tap bs e\\ tt h- eg sh er nd sn e.a, a Ss ayi an naIT ,, hi o, w7 e, vea rn ,d ao pf pte en a; rscf t. om ry enS dd eh rk ih tdy ‘wa hn aa teA vr ea rny ea vk ila, hep. de2 s1 i,\nres\ntodo,themetreskeephimfrom contactwithit*. Theconnexionoffchadand chandasisvery\ndoubtful; seeI, i,3,n.6\n;\nLeumann, Et, Ifcat.,p. 103.\n“ See also RV., IV, 2, 3 and ii : inartdm\\ VI,47, 16: manusyam \\ Oldenberg,S.B.E.,\nXLVI, 319 ; Pischel, VedischcStudicn, I, 44; Bartholomae,Stiidien, I, 48."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1540,
            "content": "2o8 AITAREYA ARANYAKA II, I, 6-\nwhatever quarler he desires who knows thus why metres are called metres.\nA Rsi says(RV., I, 164, 13), ‘I saw the guardian,’ for he is a guardian, for he\nguards all this. ‘Never tiring,’ for he never rests. ‘Coming and going on\nhis ways,’\" for he comes and goes on his ways. ‘Illuminating” the principal\nand intermediate,’ for he illuminates these quarters only, the principal and\nintermediate. ‘He moves up and down in the worlds,’ for he moves up and\ndown in the worlds. 'I’hen there is the verse’ (RV., I, ,-55, 8), ‘Covered” like\ncaves by the makers.’ Forall this iscovered by breath. This ether is supported\nby breath as brliaH, and one should know that, even as this ether is covered by\nbreathas brhali, so all things including ants” arc coveredby breath as brhalt.\n7. Now come the powers of this person. By his speech are created earth\nand fire. On the earth plants grow; fire ripens them. ‘Take this, take this,’\nthus saying do these two, earth and fire, serve their parent, speech. As far as\nthe earth e.vtcnds, as far as fire extends, so far extends his world, and as long\nas the world of earth and fire decays not, so long does his world decay not\nwho knows thus the power of speech. By breath’ the sky and the air are\ncreated. People follow the sky, and hear along the sky, and the air bears\n” Theveins,sn)s.S.>ynnn. Heexpl.ainsthat/rn/yn is the guardianliyreferringtoKausTtaki\nUpnnisarl, HI,’2: plra,Ahy)a$mifi ,/mnre pr.ino vauUit.ivad ayur. This passage of the\nKgvetia Inter served astireauthority forthe .activityof/or/w evenin I’latnaUpanisad,\nII JV r, ah'. r1 T; n han eI at ,e fn 1 o1s u1s r,en 3 q, 7 u, aI rt' i cJh v ii k sh es^ ao t ny h dh eu p tn hd i ee nr i fi ohU urp aa n in ndh tch ita h md e es d, s iu an tp ’ e. sr2 qa6 uy aS s rt; f ei- rsK s. ,mT e. Sa. En .tp ,.. S2 \\9 V7 ..\n,\nNJ Ea .i ,nrr ai nni dya NWUp .ani Fs oa rd\nthe numberofthe quarters,atfirstfour,later,ten,cf. Hopkins,/.2”!.(9..9.,XVI,283. Prana,\n.S.iynna explains, is internally what Aditya is externally, sec Pra&n.a Upanisad, 1, 5; III, 8:\nadityo ha vat bdhyahpuvia udayati. In the original and in Jaiminiya Upanisad, 1.c., vastt\nmea ’ *ns N Ao r‘ t rw ne R na dVr n.s t, rr1 l, h5 .5 V, a8 n1 d( .M SSa yx aiiM aul bl oe tr hfo cl itl eowi an ng dR ea xj ie .n ld air na ,la ql ua i) t, eno drr frI e, re5 n6 t, ly8 ,( tA- hn ean wd h,a o- l,r eam vea rss ee ,ri.e bs u). t.\ntheyagreeintakingthecavesasholesforconcealingwealth. Cf.f, .t, i,n.4*\nAnaiulatirtharenders, ‘beginningwithants.’\n^ Inthenose, i.e. the power of smell (Sayana). The use of theraasc.srdauwithamasc,\nanda neiit.and sisidh below do not entirelyagree with the rules of concoid lateraccepted.\nDclbiuck (^A/tnidische\nSyntar,p.88)givesonlyonedoubtfulexample(RV.,I,8,lo)andSpeijer\n{VedischeundSanshit-Synlax, §loi)thinksthatinclassical.Sanskritwith names ofthingsthe\nneuter is a more common predicate if the genders differ and one is neuter. This is laid\ndown in a Varttika (not in the KaMka YfUi, it appears) on Panini, I, 2, 72, which runs:\ntyaddditah ^esepninnapumuikato lingavaiandniI ca Devadattai ca tan I tac ca Devadattai\n( 5 c.a 8, g.^ 1a M0j ; ai hl aa Vd bIa , ht at 6 rd , at2c a6a ,;t Xd R Vn ai Im Ia\\ ,yt aa ic n ,ac 2,a 9:VD Ie P,v ia 6 id 2 na , dt a3t v7a d.i ic cIa afi moe an1 l hy dtS p mo er dst noh one s Dn a re r au et te icr po ana dcp iep r ce n aa e yr d as it ain h se vM ia m nh a isa \\cb .h ka rir tsa ot pra e ag, vu dlI saI arI h,,\nKauiavya p>ayayuh prdhmtikhds tatah\\\\ Raghuvamsa, III, 23: tathd nrpah sd ca siitena\nMayadhi nanandatus tadsadriena tatsamau, &c. That this is old is indicated bythe rule in\nHomericGieek,thus formulated by Monro (^Homeric Grammar’^, p. 157), ‘Wheicanadjective"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1541,
            "content": "— —\n7\n•\n-n, 1, TRANSLATION AND NOTES 209\npure scent.^ I’lius do sky and air serve their parent, breath. As far as the\nsky extends, as far as air extends, so far extends his woild, and as long as\nthe world of sky and air decays not, so long does his world decay not who\nknows thus the power of breath. By his eye are created the heaven and the\nsun. Heaven gives him rain and proper food, the sun causes his light to shine.\nThus do heaven and sun serve their parent, the eye. As far as the heaven\nextends, as far as the sun extends, so far extends his world, and as long as\nthe world of heaven and sun deca3's not, so long does his world decay not\nwho knows thus the power of the eye. By his ear were created the quarters\nand the moon. From the quarters they come unto him, from the quarters\nhe hears, the moon produces for him the bright and the dark halves for good\ndeeds.^ Thus the quarters and the moon^ serve their parent, the ear. As\nrefers to more than one noun, it follows the most prominent:—or (if this is at all doubtful)\nthemasc. isusedofpersons,theneut.ofthings', c.g.,//. ii, 136.\noX hk TTOv r aKogoi Kal vi^nia riteva\nijar ivi fifyhpois noribfypLtvai,\nbecausethewivesarechieflythoughtof, but Od. xiii,434:\nd-mpl Si fxiv ^dfeos oAAo nanov xtrwra,\n^ajya\\ia ftvrrowvTa.\nTheneut. plur.isespeciallyusedofsheepandcattle. //. xi,244:\nvpwd' iKardv fiovs SwKtv, inftTa vniffTij,\naJyas 6pov kqi otsP\nThe first example shows that a fern, can prevail over a neut. in the case of persons, the\nsecond that in regard to things the neut. prevails over the masc., the third that in regaid to\nthings the neut. may be used of masc. and fern,animals. Here aniariksam is a deityand so\nnaturally the masc. prevails, cf. Manu, VllI, 86, where hrdayam is personified. InLatin the\nrule is (Allen andGreenough, Latin Grammar, p.173), ‘generally,a predicative adjectivewill\nbe masculine, ifnounsofdifl’erent genders mean living beings\n\\\nneuter, ifthingswithoutlife\nas T.ivyii, /jo uxor deindeac liberi amplexi, but Livyv,4 labor voluptasque soiietate quadam\ninterse natutali sunt iututa. Even ifmasc. nounsandfern,occur, theneut.canbeused ifone\nof the subjects is a thing, e.g., Livy xliv, 24 natura tnimita sunt libera civitas et rex,\nor even if two fern, nouns rei)iesent things, e.g. Cicero, de Pin. iii, 11 stultitia et temeritas\net iniustitia suntfugienda. The basis of discrimination, therefore, is rather between living\ncicatures,especiallypersons, andthings(whichincludesometimestheanimals).\nThe use ofthe dual and plural of the verb is regular, cf. Delbruck, pp. 83sq.; Speijer^\nI.C., though as in Greek and Latin and Anglo-Saxon the nearest subject may determine the\nverb, as is usual in the Brhaddevata. Cf. ibid., VII, 74, for a set of mixed genders with a\nneut.plur. ; VUI, 47, foramasc, plur. withamasc.sing.,afem.sing.,and a masc.dual,which\nollow. Cf.Delbruck, Vcrgl Syntax, HI, 244-247, whichthissupplements.\n^ Sayana refers to llrhadaranyaka Upanisad, I, 3, and Chandogya Upanisad, I, 2, for the\nreasons,interferencebyAsuras,fortheexistenceofbadsmells\n;\ncf.Farnell, EvolutionofReligion,\npp,99sq. Anandatirlhatakes‘him’throughoutasmeaningVisnu,\n^ Probablyitreferstosacrificialacts.\n* Sayana admits the apparent inconsistency ofthis and II,4, i where the moonisderived\nrom the mind, but explains it away th.at the erfcation here is merely an imaginary one for,\nKEITH P"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1542,
            "content": ",\n210 AITAREYA ARAKYAKA II, I, 7-\nfiir ab the quarters extern!, as far as tlie moon extends, so far extends his world,\nand as long as the world of die quarters and the moon decays not, so long\ndocs his worlil decay not wlio knows thus the power of the ear. By his mind\nwere created the waters and Vanina. The waters yield to him faith for good\ndeeds and \\'aruna preserves his offspring by his law. Thus the waters and\nVanina seive their parent, mind. As far as the waters extend, as far as Varuna\nextcnils, so far extends liis woild, and as long as the world of the waters and\nVarinia’ decays not, so long does his world decay not who knows thus the\npower of mind.\n8. Was It water'? Was it water? This woiId was water. This was the\nloot, tliat the shoot. This the father, those the sons. Whatever there is of\nthe son’s, that is tlie fathei’s ; wliatever of the hather’s, that is the sons. So\nit is said. INIahidasa Aitaicya^ who knew this said, ‘1 know myself as rcaehin^\nto the gods, and the gods as reaeliing tome.'=' For hence are they gifted, hence\nare they supported. This is the hiding-place/ eye, ear, mind, speech, and\nbreath. 'I'liey call it the hiding-place of brahman. He who knows this throws\ndown the enemy, tlie evil one, who hates him. The enemy, the evil one, who\nhales him is defeated. He is the life, the breath, being,^ and not-being. The\ngods adored him as being, and so became great. So in sleep a man breathes\nhhur hhuh. d he demons adored him as not-being, and so were overthrown.®\nHe becomes gieat by himself who knows this. The enemy, the evil one, who\naj bu\ni\nci\nc\nii np\nn\neo os\nt\nbf ys ^o oef\nr ny\newo hii amb nph\no\ndi\ni\n,p l,\nan lt\noy\n,\nia tt\nn\nVh\n.U\nia rv\nt\nunha .ic\nis\n,iw\ns\ncma fam\nl\nLl. ei vs ipo ,op ip\nn\n/to ms ae Dtd\noid\nct so\nlt\nn: oi my ta\nh\ndf\ne\nnha\ne\n.7\nv\nS'\ni\n(a ud^ ref iu\nn\n/lcc\nce\nir \\e aa\ng\npt ai pio nn\ns\n1.\nt\n52TS\nI\nM,u pc ih -.ti ,nc ao nn dsi Is It ,encie )s\n,\ni lld ie la‘ h,I aSK t it o ' di n ea xh nn ie ud i rpa ic l eo u7 sn ts it i tr d he iea enrt mds e id c m. ad a tsp e Vs iu a snm a nu ue q .xi up er se Tts i hs ot ei nh o .e n Gae of rTff bi htc hei h ae en ct Uf a pic uv aa e s nu e iese sl a, ae n dm dt .eh ni e Its f ,s fK e tch a rtca accn a eo< r srl cda ti n hn ao eg tl u f.h t ii o a vl em S lya ea y ls i ea d mnt e eah ne t n, i tfm a sia n et id ne .ur n ti n ha e eAl c n he .c s uaa s nu mas d aie a n. y -\n, sb s ao >d (l iv u n, i gT tcb h hu i p et s r ro eli bmi ae mc bn ai lt yd eie oa ntn l oi .s ai t dsn oo h uet e hn tn o we uc bage ess hs lta ehtr geoi al ry rp der cc do do avn cet ata soi t rn ohc na o< t efl t oh M fhe a er h he i iBd sr. ai Uhs pma a. nad n ii a sd , adn 1 s.o 1t i it nswr tli o ht i ee iu set o nh f se efo. or\\ ftr ya sn ec cy h ra a ek p ta t. e tr es a. cB hu it nI gh si c .t\niC cf b. o= iI vn K cl . di yu cd n wd r, i oap nl gr li1 l y6 a. .’sl c To o hi m emt eh ee n ntf dao ri oym f, isc tf hw erL oe snu egi nn l ta y en nn cp, erin{ eth xei pdr l.u ap it nt sIjo W tk h<a 7 eiD im dst ed iai )n cn] de>. i ci n. o\\ cr2 e. f oo fr d7 e' it’ td ia e, sa on nd mo em nad\nfor\nd te hv eo *t di oIo t cn t. r ns necal tl he ad t'^ ti hr ei, seb ne sc ea sus ee nte/ r>r id nmi sli es epsw ina tl olo tw he ed pru dp naa .nd Tl hi. eidd pc rn a,b my ft o,h re msot t,h he ur s ts hen ese bs a. sisrC'f or. f\nihe scn-cs. Trobably the idea of the Aranvaka is something like this, and the tianslatioii\n‘mountain’ misleading. I'orituh,cf.L6vi, LaDothmeduSacriJIce,p. ^8,n.r.\n‘\n\\Vv.vuscthepresenceofp/dnasecuresthejtvdlman(.Sayana).\n0 Sa>.ma solves the dift.cutty of the cvrl effects of ahhud by discrinriinating lictwcen thc\ndtsircoiaf'hilttloroiicsel/,asshow’ll intherumo/thedemons, and/orone.stoe."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1543,
            "content": "^\nTRANSLATIOX AND NOTES\n-II, 2, I 21I\nhales him, is overcome. He is death and immorlality. A Rsi sa}s (RV'., 1, 164,\n38), ‘Down and up he goes, graspeeP by food,’ for this up-breathing restrained\nby down-breatliing does not go forth. ‘The immortal dwells with the moital,’\nfor through him all this dwells together. For these bodies aie mortal, the deity\nimmortal. ‘These two even go in different directions, they inciease the one,\nbut not the other,’ for they increase the bodies, but the deity is immortal. He\nwho know's this becomes immoital in yonder world and is seen as immortal by\nall beings.*^\nAdhya\\a 2.\nHe who shines approached this woihH in the shape of man. For he is the\nbreath. So he approached it For lie who shines is the biealh. For a hundred\nyears he approached it. Theiefore a hundred are the ycais of the life of man.\nAnandaliilha renckri, 5va(ihay(7 by Visiui. .Sri)nna takes it inoic piopcily as rtferrmg\nto digestion, ’the end of the \\erse means, aceonling to .Sayana, that nun luuiiibh the h(»dy\nby food and ilrink, but not the pn'iua Anandatiitha renders, ‘.at death they see the bodies\ndeserted by Va_\\u.’ d'lie epithet uiiruintJ can only be jubtilied by the fact tliat oneofthetwo\nis immortal, and on the iinncijde chain>w gachanii. for inoie or less .analogous cases, cl.\nbus yas Od l, ded nh ba en rl g,T .^ S'^ .l Ih kru Ac 'k .,, XAU In Au di ,t^t 70h .e S Oy> nil ta h\\ e^ sp a. m1 e0^ i) h, ala un td utyk is la yp aMi C^ JoR vV i. n, da1 o, n70 S, an7 k, h.a is \\.i an nt aer Sp rr ae ut te ad\nSutra,X\\11, 8, 10,exjd.ainswhy llie Tiauga.S.aslia mthe MalAvrata aceording tothat school u\ncalled \\.imadev.a’sllu)Ugh lessthanahall ol itis. by him (knedlander, p.33, n i); W'cber(/;/c/.\nStud, Xlll, 113) e|U>des dvilda'sdu m/isati Inmi 'raittiiiya Sninlula, Vll, 5, 2, i; K.^ith.aka\nSamhita, X.X.KIII, 1 ; I’aucavini^anrahmana, 1\\', i, i; stdrnaudvlidaiau, K.lthaka, XXXlll, 3,\nand similai cases from Satapatha Ihrdnnaiia, IV, 5, 7, 2; XI, 6, 3, 5; Xl\\h (>, y, 3; Xll,\n3, 2, 2; Paucavimsa Rr.ahrnana, Vf, 2, 5 (tf. hid. Stud. IX, 18) I'tsuand is exj)laincd as\nhaving diverse iunctions, the breath moving the bodily senses, the body supporting the\npiduendnyas. I tyaiita isleferied tothefacttluaton deaththebodyremainson theground,while\npidfia seeks another woikl. Cf Oldenberg, A'dig^ioii <tfi I'eda, pje 37.}sq., 1‘isOkI, Wdiulu\nStudun, II,2M ; Rolitliiigk,Siuhs.her.,1893,ji.92; llillebiandt, Idd Myth , 1,33O, n. 1, 11 ,S.\n® S.iyana explains ‘immortal’ as united with Ilir.myagaibha, Anandalirtlia sajs‘ernanei-\nj)alcd But that this iVr.Tiiynka knows emanci[)alnui, inslcad ol immoitality, .as the higlust\nend Is not even j)rohable. Dadrlc (11, 1, 5) ami tiieiic (111, i, 1) are both cle.rils piesent\npassives in sense. The oiiginal sense of the i)erleet w'as not distinguished Iroiii the])ri.bcnl 111\npoint of time but denotes a stale, ef. Giles, Comp. IViil., § 549, Monro,/Aw/tv Lraiiimar^,\nP .P Sy- nt3 axG\n,\np,3^1 297De ;l Wb hr iu tc nk e, y,Sy .n St a. nUd ro ir tnh G. r, aniI iI i, ni1 r9 ,2 §s 8(p 23; I '' Ie hii ed oh. lS ey si litu sx e-, nse11 m, 2 <1 i1 iiits eq. lr; t<A pii e/ nt tii mdiu th he\ne\nKgveda. In cases like hthhaya (I, 3, 4) and dadhaia (I, 5, 2) the natiii.illy inltnsi\\e foiin\noftheperfectisfuilhcrstrengthened.\n^ This Khanda shows that the names of the sccis ot the Kgveda can be deduced from\nprana's actions. Anandatlrtha explains the section as proving that \\isiui is superior to all\nthegods. Hetakes ahhyiiitat as ‘lie entrred into’,hiuhiiianand theothergods. Hejustifies\nhis theoiy by quoting the Vae.Sukta, X, 125, as j.roving that Vac, i.e. A'aiiid, is supeiioi\ntothegods, and sheofcourseisinfeiiortoVisnu\nd'hc sun andprana are as usual identified,the one being the adhidiivatam, llic other the\nttdhyatmanlepresenlalion. Theformerattractsthevision,thelatterimpelsthe body.\n1> 2"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1544,
            "content": "213 AITAREYA ARANYAKA If, 2 , i\nBecauseheapproachedhimforone hundredyears,thereforetheyaretheSjatarcins.\nTherefore they call him who is {prana) the ^atarcins. He placed himself in\nthe middle of all that is. Because he placed himself in the middle of all that\nis, therefore they are the Madhyamas. Therefore they call him who is {prat}a)\nthe Madhyamas. As up-breathing he is the swallower, as down-breathing\ndelight. Because asup-breathing he is the swallower, as down-breathing delight,\ntherefore he isGrtsamada. Therefore they call him who is {prana) Grtsamada.\nAll whatsoever was his friend. Because all whatsoever was his friend, therefore\nhe is Vibvamitra. Therefore they call him who is {prana) Visv5mitra. The\ngods spake to him, ‘Let him be dear to all of us.’ Because the gods spake\nto him, ‘Let him be dear to all of us,’ therefore he is Vimadeva. Therefore\nthey call him who is {prana) Vamadeva. He protected all this from evil.\nBecause he protected all this from evil, therefore they are,the Atris. Therefore\ntheycall him who is{prana) the Atris.\n2. He also is a bearer of offspring. Offspring is raja,' and he supports\noffspring. Because he supports offspring, therefore he isBharadvaja. Therefore\nthey call him who is {pratui) Bharadv.aja. The gods spake to him, ‘Let him\nbe the richest* of us all.’ Because the gods spake to him, ‘Let him be the\nrichest of us all,’ therefore he is Vasistha. Therefore they call him who is\n{prana) Vasistha. He went foith* to all this whatsoever. Because he went\nforth to all this whatsoever, thcrefore^they arc the Pragathas, Therefore they\ncall him who is {prana) the Pragathas. He purified all this whatsoever. Because\nhe purified all this whatsoever, then they arc the Pavamanis.* I'hereforc they\ncall him who is (prana) the Pavamanis. He said, ‘Let me be eveiything,\nsmall and great.’ They became the Ksudrasiiktas and Mahasuktas.” Therefore\n“ Keally, Max Muller points out, the name refers to their composing about too verses\ne o Ma f ac dh I hI, yaVT i mh ; ae vv s5’ n,a air pte r pa et ah oe rfse iHe nIr ,s KaVo uf a sm iR a tV . a. l k, e ivI a. BroT f ah hIe mV a,M na at ,d heh Xy A Ia t Im r ,ia ss 3o ;a fre Ay S.t vh ae lFs aoe yre ars nt aho ef GrR feo s hto yk ass ee SI uI K t- h rI aaX ,n, d( Ia I. I. ,ar .ts 4a ,Tma h ad ea\n,\nSahkhayana Crhya Sntra, IV, 10, 3: Brhaddevala, III, 116 (Madhyamah); barvanukramam,\nIntr ' »od .V Sk aiI yaI a. h na1 i0 s t, rt& aa ne k s. e ln ata eF s so er ‘i ctt ahh uee sr ip t nl hu ger. b t, o orA t/ dy wr efa lry loa mk b, t yhc ef h. i- sO jl v ed nae tjn rb i yner it ng h t, e oZ s u. e sn ’D s ,. e aM o n. f dgG o A. i, nn agX n,L dI aorI ti, a rs thf aoo hd“ a• b sy'• ‘S ba ey sa tn oa f\nd a P aw s i ne o d‘l b’ hl ae eT Vbr h Ilos i Iybs’ t. ta rs hi cee nT seeh ppdm eoe s ce’ ttoo s nt rr , eod l‘i o ybn h f .ea e Br t s oy h a Toes n hke g en s Vs e '. Ie n sIss e I a.,e , mSe eaa am y rns a e ld n ip a m sr teie sst af a ne i ayr ts psa . pb s t el o h ae e B. rt hva aek irrC ne asf n e d. As v fI b a vI ay j, ar a le1 S a, aa jc ny aa4 a idl, ln in e aVa. d a. s5 GP i. rr sA a_ htn g yha a a an td cha Soa ut rs ti r rr e aat s ,nh pd oa Ina Idt l Ia ,s tk o oe 4s t ,Bh oi et o a,kpe oi set ath V nse I d.r\n^ p.an 4k • 3 •h r ia Try hVca e esn dua hr pa e oaG ehb tef l sh Syy t oua ft dh BieS e ou nt p o,r o ka e I, t I XIs ,I ao 9V rf 9, e.B rl o eo I fo, n ek rA3 r. WI edaX l laa o.r ye ans Pao erpd hae avs pc a sr mi ab ae lnd si. os ta hC n ef d. hiA ynr mSs nae sAy ka wh eB a ryr eaa nh cam aa lp ln m ea da( kme sdj a u. dmtB rj su ar sn o ue c kl e thl m S,x .,\ni\nas Max Muller suggests, but this is not certain. The last ksudrasuktal} no doubt implies"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1545,
            "content": "t ^\n-11 2 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 213\n. ,\nthey are the Ksudrasuktas. Therefore they call him who is (prana) the\nKjudrasuktas. (He said), ‘Ye have said what is well said.’ These became\na hymn.® Therefore there is a hymn. Therefore men call him who is (prana)\nhymn. lie is a verse, for he went to^ all beings. Because he went to all\nthese beings, therefore he is a verse. Therefore they call him who is (prana)\na verse. He is also a half-verse, for he went to all these places.® Because he\nwent to all these places, therefore he is a half-verse. Therefore they call him\nwho is (prana) a half-verse. He is a quarter-verse,® for he has entered all these\nbeings. Because he has entered all these beings,he iaa quarter-verse. Therefore\nthey call him who is (prana) a quarter-verse. He is a syllable, for he pours\nforth gifts to all these beings and because none can pour forth'® gifts beyond\nhim. Because he pours forth gifts for all these beings, and because none can\npour forth gifts beyond him, therefore he is a syllable. I'herefore they call\nhim who is (prana) a syllable. Therefore one should know that all these verses,\nall theseVedas, all sounds\" are one word, and thatprana is all theverses.'*\nmahasuktdh. SeebesidesASvalayanaandJ^ankhayana, Bfhaddevata,III, ii6; Sarvanukramani,\nIntrod., IT, lo,with Macdonell’snote.\n• ThepoetisalsocalledSukta,saysSayana,butthereisnoauthorityforthis.\nTheconstruction isobscure,buttherendering*hewent’seemsbest. Thedat.isnatural,cf.\nSpeijer, VedisthetindSanskrit-Syntax^§44; Whitney,P.A,O,S.yApril, i<^92, p.clxiv,Sansknt\nGrammar § 286b. Anandatirtha renders ‘hewent’. Sayana’sversionissvapraveienapiljitam\nakarotftakingbhutebhyahassarvabhutarthamdchatn,andMaxMullerrenders,‘hedidhonourto.*\nliealsoaddsthatthepoetiscalledRcaswellastheMantra. Cf.Celdncr,VedischeStudien^III,95.\n** Ardha istakenas ‘place’ (cf.erdo)byboth Anandatirtha and Sayana,and is probablyso\nintended,asMaxMullertakesit.\n® Sayana renders ‘word’, b —ut this is less likely. He adds that it—means also ‘quarter-\nverse’. For the inlrans.pddi which(as apddi) is recognizedbyPanini cf. Delbriick, Altin-\ndischeSyntax p.266; Whitney,l.c., §845 ;Speijer,1.c.,§170. InJaiminlyaUpanisadBrahmana,\nII 9> 9» seems transitive, but see Oertel’s note. The use of the aor. here is hard to\ndistinguish fromthatoftheimperfect,aswithabhiprdgdtabove. Butinthesecasesitispossible\nthattheaor.has a sense almost present,anaturalderivationfrom the true aorist sense ofthe\nimmediate past (cf, Monro, Homeric Grammar-^ PP*66,67 ; Giles, Comp, Phil.^ § 553 (iit);\nWhitney, Sanskrit Grammar^ § 930, who points out that it is especially frequent in the\nMaitrayanI.Samhita). Itisalsopossible thatthe imperfect sense maybeold (despiteWhitney,\n§ 929a), for it isfoundintheMantra literature. In thecase ofabhipragadthere isthefurther\npossibility that after all it means ‘he sang of all this’ or ‘he sang towards all this’\n{abhipragdyata occurs in the RV.), and is an impelfeet from ^/ga, for gati occurs in the\nKausTtaki Brahmana and the Mahabli.arata (cf.Whitney, §855,and Si. PetersburgDiit.^s.v.),\norevenfrom g®* I‘lo thereforethink theseformsaresignsoflatedate.\n‘Withouthim’isMaxMuller’srendering. ThatofthetextissupportedbyAnandatirtha,\ntheotherversionbySayana. Cf.Delbriick,AltindischeSyntax^p.441.\n\" Sayana ghosdhasthe aspiratedsonants,//i,gh, bk,ifh,dh^asin l^gvcdaPrati^akhya,\n714; Siddhantakaumudl (cd. Taranatha), p. 14; Max Muller, Pgveda Prdtiidkhya^ p. cclxi.\nIt can hardly here, however, have this limited sense. Cf.ChandogyaUpanisad,IT, 22,5; all\nvowelsareghosavant,\nOldenbcrg {Z, D. M, (7., XLII, 199-247) has shown conclusively that few if any of the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1546,
            "content": ". ,\nAJTAREYA ARANYAk'A\n214\n3. Indra' sat down beside Visvamitra who was a])Out to recite tlie hymns\nof this day. He saying, ‘I'his is food,’ recited the thousand Mia/h. Thus\nhe went to India’s dear iiome. Indra said to him, ‘Seer, thou hast come to\nmy dear home. Do thou, seer, repeat a second= hymn.’ lie sa>ing, ‘Tliis\nis food,’ leciled the thousand hrhati verses. Thus he went to Irulra’s dear home.\nIndia said to him, ‘Seer, tliou hast come to my dear liome. Do thou, seer,\nrepeat a third hymn.’ He saying, ‘This is food,’ recited the thousand hrhari\nveises. Thus he went to India’s dear home. Indra said to him, ‘Seer, thou\nhast come to my dear home. I give thee a boon.’ He said, ‘Let me know tliee.\nIndra said, ‘I am breath, thou, seer, art breath, all cieatures are breath, he that\nshines is breatli. In this form I pervade all the quaitcrs. This my food is my\nfriend, my support.^ This is the food of Vis\\amitra.* I am he that shines.\n4'hus said he.®\n4. This is produced as a thousand hrluiiis} The consonants' arc the body,\nhymnsoftheRj^veda hack to then nominal composers when thesecomposers an the heads\nof the greatfamilies, hut thatthey weic written by memticisof the family. TheonlyposNihle\nexceptions are Vnsistha and ^’iMrunilra under Sudas (p. 236). Jl is possible that here\n(p. 226,n. 1) a reioileetion of the facts is seen m that hook \\ isascribed to the Atiis, whde\nthe others to iiidniduals, Grtsam.id.-x, Visvamitra, but more piobablv the plural is used\nbecause it gives the proper play of wouls with txtydyala This is not, howevei, a sign of\nlatedate, furitseemslikelythat mRV.,X, iSi,theauthor held thesameview nsheattiibules\nto Vnsi-tha the rathantani (Vll.32, 22; 23) and to Rharadvaja the hrhat(\\1, 46, 1 ; 2),later\nattributedto!snm}U Rarhaspalya(^^Oldcnbcrg,pp. 223, 227,n. i).\n*\n.SajanaexplainsthatthisKhandasliowsthen.atuieoftheaUti\\as beingIndia’sfood. The\nfoim upaniasnSiltta is wrong and can easily be coneeled, but il is ns old as Saiikaia.\nTheJ Ta him ein cl oy la lcU ip tia on nis oa fd ^R cr rr sd oi sma in sa, re1 g1 a1 i, d3 e, d7, asha ts hru ep ean ai is ita iu siJ oa t, tiistichs, in gdyatxty brhatT, and\nAi nc as np dc ae tti iv ii l1 h) a. ch xpo lr .ut nh sem, daks ^e te tiV a, vt2, a3 s-5 daa kn 'd ^ahn ho dt ie ^s i'. sthita Tnah patih ya'xyah T(7 dakuna\nnntravtie^anatvCuidaksina7nilliiapttinsakap)ayogah Sayanareferstheusetoahhivrddhihetntvdt\ncitingDhaliipatha,XVI, 7. Thissensemust besomcw'hatasin thetext.\n* 2\\nandalTitha explains I'anvdmidam as Ramaydbhimanyamdnabrhatisahasrdkhyam\naufiam I’lU'dmilrota safjipdditulvdd I'ativdmiliam tty luyate. .S.\"iyniia has. Vilrdmitrena\niam^diiahdh:sampdditatvddtdam Vaiivdmitiam.\nIt\ns* eI en ms.S ta onk sli ha o) wana cleA ai ran sy ia gk nsa, of1, a6, latt eh rere orio gc ic nu ,rs tha oud gi hal io tgu %e trb bae lt lw yee rn epI rn od dr ua cea snd soV mi esva om fil ti ha i.\ns\ndialogue. It is much more jihilosojihical. The Jaiminiya version, 1.c., is very muchaltered,\nbut all have clearly a common source,and use the narrative perfect (cf. Introd.,p.67). The\nthreefoldboon maybecomparedwiththestoryofNaeiketas(KfithakaUpanisad).\n* 'I'hisKhanda gives the correspondence of the various ahsaras of the 1000 brhati hymn,\nwhich IS got by the addition of the verses of the whole Niskcvalya tsastra, to ])aits of the\nbodyolpuina(.Sayana). Anandatiithaexplains it asanidentificationofthevariousdeitieswho\npreside over the sounds, &c. The number 36,000 is merely theoretical; Eggeling {S. B. E.,\nXLlll, in)countedabout 37,200.andthough the numbercould be reducedinvariouswajs,it\nISnotW’orthwhile.\n2 What aic calhd b> rrmini //n/^.S.dyana'. The Kaumara school adopt thetermvyaiijana"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1547,
            "content": "TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-n, 3, I 215\nthe vowels^ the soul, the sibilants^ the breath. Knowing this he became\nVasistha.® Thence took he the name. Indra proclaimed this to Visvamitra,\nIndra proclaimed this to Bharadvaja, so Indra is in sacrifices invoked by him\nas a friend.® This is produced as a thousand hrhails. Of this produced as\na thousand hAiatls there are thirty-six thousand syllables. So many thousands\narc the days ofa hundred years. They make up the nights by the consonants,\nthe days by the vowels.'' IT is is produced as a thousand hrhails. After this\nbeing produced as a thousand hrhails he who knows this becomes full of\nknowledge,* of the gods, of brahman^ of the immortal, and goes to the gods.\nWhat I am,® he is; what he is, T am. A Rsi says (RV., 1, 115, i), ‘ The sun\nis the selfofall that goes or stands.’ Let one consider this.\nAdiiyay.v 3.\nHe who knows himself as the fivefold hymn’ fiom whence all this springs,\nhe is uise. Karth, air, ether, water, light, these form the self, the fivefold hymn.\nITom him all arises, into him all resolves. He who knows this is a refuge\nforkaJlni, flsHollicSrirnsvala. Tlic tcim corresjioruls with the ineofllic R^vcHaFrriti.sakhyn,\nseeMaxMuller’sedit.,j))). mis(|.,and withtheSiauta.Suiias, St.P<tt'rsburfsJhP , s.v.\n^ Sayanatakes this as in TI, 2, 2, n. ii, as as>j>iralcd sonants. Thiscan haidly heaccepted.\nAtmd is taken by him as viadhyaUittram. The vowels must somewhere be alluded to, and\nghoyjcan he n sva/a.\n* Anandatirtha and Sayana lioth rcn<lcr iauiuJ/i. 3he Kauinaia school also take this\nterm. In the K^jveda Pratisakliya it includes a, jthrdtrtni^Vity und upadh-\nindn *Jy Sa ay; anin at hh ce io cth ae sr crI i’ br ea sti ts ha ekhy na as mi et r tt ofe hr is sto causinj^ todwell, and hiscoveiing,cf. 11 , 2, 2,n. 3.\nAnandatirthaprefers‘best ofdwellers’.\n« .Sayana refers this to the Siihrahmanya rite of the Somasaciifice, where India iscalled,\n[itdia d piuhiiy hariva a gaiha (SmUimsa lhahmana, 1, i, 12; l.uttinya Aranyakn, J, 12,\n3, &c. T\\ he Kaumaia school thus defines sva^dh, Katnntra, I, i, iidd/io varnauimdmndyah |\ntatraiatu)da^ddansva/dh (^Sayana). .Sec Max Muller,op cit , p x.\n® .S.lNana appears to take the first part of the sentence as independent,and as desciihing\nprdnadn'ah. For de7>atd apytti, cf. Rrhaddran)aka L’panisad, l\\, i, 2; Aitare)’a llr.ihmana,\nIV, 24, 5. Nodoubt the acc. is mainlygoverned bytheverb,but the picp. force ofapt is too\nmuch ignored in Sjieijtr, l^cdtsihcund.Sa?isknt-.Synta.\\j §§ 87, 8S.\n» This no doubt refers to the identity ol the sun and the self, one of the oldest forms of\nBrahminical monism. .Sayana illustrates the doctrine by a quotation from the commentary on\nthe Brahma Sutras, HI, 3. Sun-worship is a very c.arly and widespread form of religion ;\nc Mf a. nF ua cr cn ie ,ll, StC ou il it as do of MG or ge oek rS ;t ^ta it ae ns s, .1 b\\ y^, l1 i4 v3 ine, ),hv Ha In ,s, 3f ,o fu on ri ia tsi lo ef .alIf ie ml il ie on ru taS nt cu edi mes, Indi rq ao .i,pp. 108sq.;\n^ Anandatirtha explains that there arc three aGtis and a pftrvahhdga and an uitarabhdga.\nThese coriespond to the five forms of Visnu, Narayana, \\asudeva, Samkarsana, Bradjumna,\nAniruddha, who representearth,ether, air,light,andwaterrespectively."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1548,
            "content": "2i6 AITAREYA ARANYAKA n, «-\n3,\nfor his friends. To him^ who knows food and feeder a feeder* is born, and\nfood is his. Food is water and earth, forofthem are foods compounded. Light\nand air are the feeder, for by them^ he eats food. Ether is the bowl, for in\nthe clhcr is all poured. He ^^ho knows this becomes the refuge (bowl) of his\nfriends. To him who knows food and feeder a feeder is born, and food is\nhis. Plants and trees are food, animals the feeder, for animals eat plants\nand trees. Of animals, those who have teeth above and below and are formed\nlike men,*are feeders, the rest food. They overcome therefore the otheranimals,\nfor the feeder isover his food. He becomes over hisfriendswho knows this.'’\n2. He who knows more and more clearlythe selfobtains fuller being.' There\nare plants and trees and animals, and he knows the self more and more clearly\n(in them). For in plants and tiees sap only is seen, in animals consciousness.\nIn animals the self becomes more and more clear, because in them sap also\nis seen, while thought is not seen in others.* The self is more and more clear\n* Tasminmayrefer to the rtktha as Sayana andMax Mullertake it. Or itmaybemerely\naprecurt>orofasminy inaccordancewiththeusualpreferenceofSanskritfortheordersayah.\n’ i.e. a son able to cat. The second asya must, T think,refer to the father, not theson.\nThe change of reference is too abrupt to be probable, and cither version is good sense.\nSayana takes it ns referring to the son. For the form a-jdyate, cf. Jaiminiya Upanisad\nBrahmana, I, 27, 6.\n^ Theyaiddigestion.\nZimmer {AKindisches Lehcn, pp. 74-76) shows the identity of the contrast between\nnbhayddantand other animals,which is found in the Sainhitas,with theold Latin contrastof\nambideus (in Festus not «=btdens') and A/i<pwSovT- in Aristotle. That, however, uhhayddiutt\noriginallyincluded the first class ofsicrihcial animals with man,as he holds (p.76),appears\ndoubtful. In this passnge the resemblance to man is made explicit, and this is scarcely so\nlikely if man were naluially one of the nbhayddant class. Either anu vtdhdm or the\nindcclihable anuvidham (as in III, 2, 3) is grammatically possible, but the corruption to\nanuvidhamwouldbemucheasierthantoanuvidhdm. Anuvidhdhisalsopossible. Iidhaoccurs\nseveraltimes,infra, II,3,4; 5. QLvidhdrnaninndhtyate,MaitiuyanlSamhita,III, 2,4; 10.\n* In adhtva caranti the acc. is governed by adhi, a use found in Mantra and Brahmana\nalike (Speijer, Vedische und Sanskrit-Syntax, §§ 871 > Atharvaveda, XJX, 49, 2: adhi\nzdivdnyaruhadgabhJrd\\ RV.,VIII,68,15**: adhitidhan navamratham \\ VajasaneyiS.amhila,\nVI, 2; adhi hui sthdsyati,&c.). I do not, however,think it can well be construed with the\ngen.,soI think the gen. samdndndm is a partitive one, ‘ofhis fiiends he,&:c.’ hor similar\ncasesofthepartitivegen.,cf.I,2,3,n,6,andIlarivam^a,IT, 79> whereHopkins,/./f. ..S’.,\nXXII, 152,n.1, takes the gen. as local. Delbriick {A/ttndtsche Syntax, p.441) is, I think,\nwrong in holding that a</hi rarelyhastheaccusative. Therootsihd,e.g.,wouldnotnaturally\ntakeanacc.withouttheaidofapreposition. Cf.II, 2, 4,n.8.\n* This is the most philosophical part of the whole Aranyaka and is a determined clTort\nto explain the different stages of conscious life. Itwill beobservedthat thedistinctivemarks\nofman are all elements which make his consciousness into an ordered system and they imply\nself-consciousness, as opposed to the meie consciousness of animals, in the form of their\nreceptivityofexternalstimuli. Thetheoiyofthesoul inAristotle,/MAnima, II,4sep,isworth\ncomparing. Fortheformdvistariim,cf. I,4, 1,n. ii; Bdhtlingk,Sachs.Ber., 1893, p. ii.\n^ Max Mullei renders, ‘but in others thought is notseen,’the ap[iarent meaningbeingthat"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1549,
            "content": "3\n;\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-n, 217\n3,\nin man. For he is mostendowed with intelligence, he says what he has known,\nhe sees what he has known, he knows to-morrow, he knows the world and\nwhatis nottheworld. Bythe mortalhedesires the immortal,beingthus endowed.\nAs for the others, animals, hunger and thirst comprise their power ofknowledge.\nThey say not what they have known, they see notwhat they have known. They\nknow not to-morrow, they know not the world and what is not the world. They\ngo so far,for their experiences are according to the measure oftheir intelligence.^\n3. This man is the sea,' he is above all the world. Whatever he reaches,\nhe desires to be beyond it.* If he gains the sky world, he desires to be beyond\nit. If he were to gain yonder world, he would desire to be beyond it. Fivefold\nis this man.® What is hot in him is fire; the apertures are the ether; blood,\nmucus, and seed are water ; the body is earth ; the breath is air. Fivefold is\nthe air,* up-breathing,down-breathing,back-breathing,out-breathing,on-breathing.\nsome animated beingshave not thought. What must be meant is that others, i.e. plants and\ntrees,havenointelligence, andsoSayanaandAnandatlrtha construe it. Itarafrequentlymeans,\nlike dXAor and alius^ others, not as opposed to a part of a species, but as another species\nVII, 101. Stones have only says Sayana, i.e. are only objective, not also\nsubjective.\n^ Sayana takes the last sentence as meaning they arc born according to their knowledge\nin a former birth. 'I'his, however, assumes the transmigration theory,which is not certainly\nknown in this Aranyaka. The better meaning seems to be that taken above, which is more\nsuited in point of fact to the context,for the idea of former birth is nowise necessary or in\npoint. Sayana cites Ilrhadaranyaka Upanisad, IV, 4, 2 and 7, but this Upanis.ad is earlier.\nThewfOjAyathdprajfiam does notoccur in Jacob’s Concordance. Kausitaki Upanisad,T, 2,has\nyathdridyamoftransmigration. SeealsoL^vi,LaDoctrinednSacrificCypp.96sq.\n* The sea is typical of all unsatisfied dcsiies, Sayana cites TailliriyaBrahmana, II, 2,6:\nkdmavi samudram dvheiety aha \\sanntdtaivahikdmah Inaiva hikdmasydnto 'stina satnu-\ndrasya I The same idea appears over and again in the Greek Anthology, cf. Butcher, Greek\nGeniu^y pp. 266sq. For the separation of the prefix andverb,cf. Introd.,p.57,and examples\nfromtheAitareya Brahmanain Licbich,2\\inini,p. 24,andfromBfhadaranyaka,p. 28.\n* EnaminRandinSayanamuststand form inplaceofanassimilated«,asin II, i,5,n.6.\nForati-^/man, cf.JaimiiilyaBriihmana, I, 42 CA O..S’.,XV, 234).\n* Cl. II, 3, I,n. I. Anandatlrtha hererepeatsthe identifications with thedifferentformsof\nVisnu.\n* The fivepranas frequently occur. No intelligible explanation of them all is possible.\nPrana and apdna, once originally the same, were first divided as expiration and inspiration,\nthen as breath, and the wind of digestion, cf. 11,4, i and 2. Vydna *through-breathing or\ncirculating air* (Eggeling, .S*.B,E.y XLIII, 263, n. 1) is the bond between the prana and\napdna. Samdna,which ‘distributes the digested pieces through the limbs* (Eggeling,p. 264,\nn. 1),leads tounion ofthetwofirst. Uddna conducts the soul from the body at death. See\nDeussen,PhilosophiederUpanishadSy pp.249-252\n;\nE.T.,pp.276-280,andI,3,7,n.6. Sayana\nsays that prdna is in the mouth and nose,rising from the heart,apdna is in the lower parts,\nzydna in all the veins, uddna in the throat to lead forth the soul, samdna leads food and\ndrink evenly through the whole body. Jaiminlya Upani^d Brahmana, II, 5, 6 adds avdna\nto the number. For further variations see on I, 3, 7; 4, i. The same five as here occur\nin J^atapatha Brahmana, X, 1, 4, j-6, and Maitrayanl Upanisad, II, 6, where see Cowell’s"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1550,
            "content": ";\n2i8 AITAREYA ARANYAKA II 3» 3-\nThe deities, sight, hearing, mind, and speech, are comprised in up-breathing and\ndown-breathing. For they depart with the departure of breath. He is the\nsuccession® of speech and thought which is the sacrifice. The sacrifice is\nfivefold, Agnihotra, new and full moon sacrifices, the four-monthly sacrifices,\nthe animal sacrifice, and the Soma sacrifice. I'he Soma sacrifice is the most\nperfect of the sacrifices, for these five kinds are seen in it; that which precedes\nthe libations,® is one ; then there are threelibations, and the rest (of the sacrifice)\nis the fifth.\n4. He^ who knows one sacrifice above the other, one day above the other,\none god above the gods, is clever. This great litany is the sacrifice above the\nother, the day above the other, the god above the others. 1his litany is\nfivefold. As a chorus* it is irivrt^ paHcadasa^ sapiadaia^ ekavimsa, and\nn\n(\nTo aKt iae lns tv,\nia\nr)a iy,n ad\nI\nU,M paa\n4\nnx\n,\nisa1M\n7\ndu\n,\n,lle\nw\nI,r h,\ne\n7,r.S e'./> w’ m.\nha\neA n. r,, eX\nman\niV\ni\nn,\nm da\n,2 l9\n,\ns3 p.\nes ea\nccW\nhri\n,i ft\ni\nbch\nre e,\nat th\na\nhe\nn ,d\nsf io gl\ns\nhl\na\nto\nn\n,^^\n^\nai an nmg d, hic edf a.\na ri\niB\nn\nnr gh aa\nr\nad\ne\nra era\na\nmn\nl\naly n. .a fk iva efU op l. d,ani as na dd\n® For ultaroltat^, cf. Wackernagel, Altindisihe Crawmatik, II, 1,60. Por npt^y/t, cf.\nCala «nd T, haA tlti in sd. th7 eanl d> Ue '> sr di .t.,p '. th1 e8 last is the avahhriha udavasdniya, &c. o See tItlih llctbrandjt,\nKitual-J.itteuitur, pp.97 sq. It is worth noting that the Ailareya Brahmana does nut deal\nwith the new and full moon or the four-monthly sacrifices, though the Kausi.taki.do.es, cf.\nIntr 1od T. h, ip s. 3 s2 e. ction is unusually foolish. Anandalirtha exercises much ingenuity m eiiuating\nthe five forms ofVisiiii to the several members ofeach ofthe sets offive. The parts ofthe\nsdman are also dealt with in Jaiminlya Up.anisad Br.ahmana, IV, 9, 10. See Hillebrandt,\nKtiu 3al S- aL yi ai nt aera et xu pr l, aip n. s10 t0 h. ese ns follows: irivrt stoma is formed by the t,hree ,hymns at^ .tuhe\nbeginning of the Samaveda Uttarareika, 1-9; RV.,IX, 11, 1-3; 64, 28-30; 66, 10-12. 'Ihc\nafi nrs dt tt hh ere te hiv re drse fs roa mre tt ha eke thn irf d.rom Itth ie sf ci ar lst lev der us de yao tf i.eac Th hs euk pt aa f, lct ahe das iaeco isnd fof rr mo em dt oh ue ts oe fco on nd ev he yrs me ns ,,\nby repeating the first verse three times, the second and third once each, then repeating the\nsecond three times, .and so on. The saptadaU is paflcadaia save that in the thirdround\nthe second and third verses each are repeated thrice, i.e. (i)aaabc; (2) abbbe ; (3)abbbccc.\n'I'heekaviviia is made by singing all verses three times, except the last first and second\nr v(^ ee ) rs sp ee ac at tai hbv rce il c cy ec ,i (n o tr ht eh ae b sbt ebh ccr oce nce d).r fo ou un T rd hs e t, impi e. a se i. ,lc( tai hv) eima tUa hi ia rb dib sb ofc no c; r em( e ;2) d ina bb y tb hb s ec ic n sc g ei cn( ogo nr dina ra ota uhb nec d,c fic r t- st ht eh re fo iu rM sn t. dSS o. nt chv ee. ,ar fi ty r) hs et\nsecond thrice, the thirdfour times; in the third round, the first five times,the second once,\nthe third three times, according to Dhanamjaya, or the first four times,the second twice, the\nthird thrice, according to Gautama. (This seems to be the sense ; R’s version is corrupt\na thn ed. gS enis eri im cper tif te lc et. o)\nf\nw' hfh ie cs hes tt ho em seas aa rr ec species)p ,af dl ac ia ap sa an pd tan ,i( an no dta ss apM taa sx aptM tu nl il ,er, no namew fh oi rch thi es\nlast being given. Max Muller quotes M.ihTdhara onYajurveda.Satnhita,X,9, for the trivrt.\nMore in point is Say.ana on Aitareya Brahmana,III,42.whichcloselyresembles thispassage.\nTheSt.PetersburgDiet. (s.v. trivrt) gives the trivrt as consisting of one sukta,RV.,IX, ii\no 7n ,ly 1,\n;\ns 1e 4e\n,\n1Eg ;ge Hil li ln eg b, ra.9 n. dtB ,. lE .. c., ,pX .x lV ol i,, a3 n0 d8, sc3 h0 e9 me; sP inaf Ci .c aa lv ai nm d^ aa ndBra Hh em n. ra yi ’j sa, VAI, p9 u9 ^osq m. a;.II, i, l;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1551,
            "content": "5\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-n, 219\n3,\npaticavi'msa. As a SiWian® it is gayaira, rathafitaray brhai, hhadra, and rajatm.\nAs to metre it is gayairi, tisniE brhatly tristuhh, and dvipada. I'he explanation^\nis that it is the head, the right wing, the left wing, the tail, and the body (of\nthe bird). He performs® the prastava five times, the udgiiha five times, the\npratihdra five times, the upadrava five times, the mdhima five times. This\nforms a thousand syllables.® 'ITc verses here arc recited as five orders.’\nWhat precedes the eighty tristichs is one order; then come the three sets of\neighty tristichs; and the fifth consists of the rest. This makes a thousand\n(verses).* That is the whole; these ten by tens are the whole. For number is\nsuch. Ten tens are a hundred, ten hundreds a thousand, and that is the whole.\nThese are the three metres this food indeed is threefold, eating, drinking, and\n;\nchewing. He obtains this food by these.\n5 . This is produced as a thousand brhatis. Some recognize a thousand\nofvarious metres, sa)ing, ‘Is there another?* let us say there is.* Some say a\nthousand iristubhs^ some a thousandjagafts, some a thousand anusfubhs, A Rsi\nsays(RV.,X,12.^,9),‘SagesintheirwisdomdiscoveredIndradancinganattustubh'*\nThat denotes, they discovered in speech then the breath of Indra. He can\nbecome famous and ofsplendid renown. ‘Rather® he is liable to die untimely,*\n* Thegdyatya saman is formed from RV., Ill,62, 10 ; rathantara fromRV.,VII, 32, 22 ;\nthe 6y/iai fiom RV., \\T,46, I; the bhadra from RV.,X,157. 1 ; the rdjana from RV.,VII,\n37, I,accordingtoSayana’snote ; cl. i, 2,n. 2.\n* SeeAranyaka,T,4, 2.\n° The saman ofthe Niskcvalya is the fdjana,and each of its usual five partsisrepeated\nfivetimes. Theupadravafallstothe Udgatrandalljoinintheuidhana(S.ayana).\n* Thestobhas aie meaningless syllables, added to versessung to make up the metre. See\nChandogyaUpanisad, I, 13. Thesesyllables are marked inSamavedaMS.S.,buttheyhave not\nasyetbeensatisfactorilyexplained. Cf.Rurnell,Sanihitopani^adBfdhmana,p.xviii; Ilillcbrandt,\n1,c.,p. 104,n. 15; Calandand Henry, op.cit.,Ajip.II.\n’ The verses corresponding to the body, head, wings, &c.,axe the first order ; the three\nailiisfollow,thencomethebellyandchestverses.\n* There are 1000 stobhas and also in the whole Sastra a 1000 brkatts, 'I'he rest refers\ntothenature ofnumber as being measured by tens. There are nothing but sets of ten. The\nthree‘metres’mean,accordingtoSayana,thenumbers 10, 100, 1000which governallnumbers.\nThis,however,isinadequate,asthe referenceisclearlytothethree setsofa'sitis. Thereference\nto food is because these aiitis are the food of the bird. There is no sign that the numbers\n100 or 1000 are to be treated, as speciallyimportant. Sayaim’sexplanation is otherwisegood.\nHequotesforda^atahy Panini, V, i,60. Anandatirlhaisveryweakonthispoint.\n^ Sayana takes him anyat as the question, sadthe answer. Theothersdonotinclude the\n^ankhayanas,whoalsorecognizeathousandbrkatts. Thisisratherinfavourofanearlydate the\ndisputehad disappeared beforethe^ahkhayanaAranyaka. Ndndmaybeadverbial, ‘variousl; y.’\n“ Sayana explains that the clouds rumbling pioduce a sound with an anustubh in it; cf,\nGeldner, VedtscheSittdien,H, 304 ; v.Schroeder,MysteriurnundMimiiSypp.40, 41.\n’ AnandatTrthatakes thewhole asoneargumentandasmeaning,*hecandiewhenhe likes.’\nThisisimpossible. Fortheconstruction,cf. I, i, i, n. 4."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1552,
            "content": ", :\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA -\n220 11 , 3, 5\nhe* declares. For the self that is speech is imperfect, since*a man understands\nif driven to thought by breath, not if driven by speech. Let him produce the\nfor the is the whole self. The self is on all sides surrounded\nby members, and, as the self is on all sides surrounded by members,'^ so is\nthe Mia/i on all sides surrounded by metres. The self is the middle of the\nmembers, and the dr/ia/t of metres.* He can become famous and of splendid\nrenown, while the other® will die untimely, so said he. For the hrhaft is the\nwhole self. Therefore let him produce the hrhat'i,\n6. This is produced as a thousand brhatis. Of this produced as a thousand\nbrhails, there are eleven hundred and twenty-five anmUibhs} For by the larger\nthe smalleriscomprehended. A Rsisays(RV.,VIII, 76, 12),‘I a speech ofeight\nfeet,’ for there are eight feet offour syllables. *Of nine corners,’ for the brhatl'^\n* Anandatlrtha points outthat ‘he’ isAitarcyaMahid^Lsa 01 Mahaitareya. Sayanavaguely\nsays‘awiseman'. Cf.J, i, i,n.5.\n® This is very obscure. The version here adopted means that the activity of manas if\nevoked by speech (-anus[ubh) only is imperfect,but it is more perfectif evoked bybreath\n(-brhatt). Manas will thenstand in itswider sense, not asan indriyoyaslater,cf. Dcussen,\nPhiiosophieder Upanishculs, p. 245; E.T.,p. 271. Thisisverystrained,butatleast it is less\nabsurdthan (i)Sayana'sversion,‘Ifheproceedswith theSastra with referencetotheanustubh\nwhichis proclaimed asVac,and notwith reference tothehrhatlwhichisproclaimed prana,\nthenbeingdriven byhismind he does notmanage theSastra byspeechalone.’ Headds that\nwithout breath speech merely conceived is inadequate, breath l>eing essential for any sense\nactivity. Theideaisnotunliketheoneadoptedabove. (2)Anandatirtharenders,‘Beingurged\ntoobjects ofsense byprana, i.e. Vayu, and by manas,i.e. Siva, he enjoys them,and not by\nvoice alone.' He read manase because he tries to account f6r the e. S.ayana must have\nread prdnt na and taken vdg as an accusative or locative, as Max Muller points out, tor\nthedat.,which is rarelyfound in the localsense in theBiahmana style(Delbnick, AlUndische\nSyntax,p. 144),sec.Speijer, V^edischeundSanskril-Syntax § 43,andcf.II, 2, 2,n.7*\n® i.e. m.ikeoutthatthehrhatlisthemetre.\n’ BecauseitissurroundedintheSastra(Sayaija).\n* Becausemctiesarebothbiggerandsn\\allerthanthebrhatl.\n* Sayanaignoresthedifiicultyofthispassage. Anandatirthaofcourserendersit,‘heisable\ntto hedi Ae ita at rw ei yl al.’ BraT hh me ait ie ax ,t If Io Il ,l 4o 3w ,s &M ca .;x ^M au hll ke hr a’ ys av ne ars Ai ro an. nyaT kh ae ,1s ,y 4n ,ta &x c.jAb Itr ih na dt il sci hs ev Se yr ny tc ao x,mm p.on 564i .n\n*\n1000X36syllables{brhatis)- 1125x32syllables{anu^tubhs).\n^ i.e. it is nine feet of four syllables and isformed by .addingone tothe eight feetofthe\nanustubh. SayanasaystheMS.navasraktiischandasah. Cf.Benfey,Sdmavtda,Glossary,p.87.\nThe correction navasraktir, though easy, is more convincing, because of r following. Cf.\nWackemagel,Altindhche Grammatik, I,31; Macdonell, Vedic Grammar, p.68,n. 15. MSS.\nfrequently differ in such points, cf.Whitney’s note on AV., VI,33, 2 {7jyatht{s))\\ cf.V, i, i,\nn c. at1 u8 rv; i2 m, ia1, tin. in6. thN eo at ce c.,sh ao nu dld I,be 23,ta 1k 5en anh dere 23o :f pt ah fe lcr ae va id mi ing as tyof amth ie vdM ka dn nav ca oG mf bih ny ea dSu wt ir ta h, MI a, n2, av6 a\n!§rautaSutra,VI,2,6\n:\nsdekavimiatyayamte (seeKnauer,p.xh). I confess thatthe possible\nexplanation suggested by Dr. Knauer ofthese cases as cither contractions with omission of\nanusvdra or visarga or as neuters is not attractive. In the last case, as perhaps here, the\noriginal mayhave been as Dr.Knauer alsosuggestsckavindati{h)\\ayamte,&c,,withtheloss"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1553,
            "content": "6 ;\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-n, 3. 221\nbecomes nine-cornered. ^Touching the truth/ for speech^ united with verse\nis truth. made^ the body out of Indra/ for from this thousand brhatis\nmade into anustubhs^ which is prana connected with Indra, and from the\nhrhati he makes speech, the anuxiubh^ as a body. The great litany is the\nhighest development of speech, and it is fivefold, measured, unmeasured, music,\ntrue, and untrue. A rc verse, agalhaP a kumbydP are measured ayajiis verse,\n;\nan invocation, conversation,’ are not measured ; a saman or part of it is music\noin is true, no is untrue. The flower and fruit of speech is what is true. He\ncan become famous and of splendid renown,for he speaks the truth, the flower\nand fruit of speech. The untrue is the root of speech, and, as a tree with\nroots exposed dries up, and perishes, so a man who speaks untruth exposes\nhis roots, dries up, and perishes. Therefore let a man speak not untruth, but\nguard himself against it. The syllable® om is empty and goes forward. So if\nof h (as often in MSS.in paiisa) andsubsequenterroneous contraction. Sopaficavinjiati{ijt)\nmay have been written by error in the MS. and then the in droppedand contraction applied,\nliutinverse,ofcourse,wefindclearcasesofcontiactionoroftheuseofshortenedforms,especially\nva forivaye.g.^ahkhayana Aranyaka,XI I, 29: pu<tpam iva must metri causa bepuspeva or\npuspamva,jHrobablytheformer, OldenbCrg, Z.D.M.G., LXI, 8,:to; Roth,ibid., XLVIll,68a.\n’ Speechisanu^tubh, versebrhati, and united theytouchprana, Anandatirthaexplains by\nequatingbrhaiiwithaformofVisnuand .speechwith Lima!\n‘He makes,' in Max Muller’s translation, ignores dham. Sayana does not do this,\nbuthe explains the sentence bythe action of the Hotr, as theAranyakausesthethird person.\nIt only means that the anustubh is made out of tiie brhaii which is identified With prdna,\nandpranais(seeII, 2, 3) Indra.\n® Sayanadefines ^gathd as sarvalohaprasUdhdrthaprafipddii'df e.g.prdtahprdtar anrtani\nit vadanti yajflagdthafrom Aitareya Brahmana, V, 31,6; the example is not very happy);\nAnandatirtha as parasparam a^amdni visamasamkhydkiardni svaraniyamarahitdni khafufa-\nvdkydni, Cf.Hopkins, GreatEpic ofIndia,pp.365S(p; St.PetersburgDiet.,II,731; Aufrecht,\nAitareya Prdhniana, p. 429; Bloomfield, ReligionofVeda,p.196.\n® Sayana defines as dedraiiksdrupd, e.g. hrahmaedry asy apo *idrM karma kurii divd via\nsvdpsih orrndsu^upthdh (theMSS.vary),i.e.AsvalayanaGrhyaSutra,I,22,2; Anandatirthaas\nyajndngavdkydui. In the parallel passage, Sala{)atha Brahmana, XI, 5, 7, 10 (where see\nEggeling’s trans., XLIV, loi), ktimvyd is read, which Weber (^Ind. Stud., X,\n111,n. 1) suggestsasequalto*refrain’,cf.kumba,kurjra.\n’ Sayana-explains brdhmanagatdye 'rtkaT)dddyd ca rdjasabhddauparihasadiidipenocyatesd\nsarvdvrthdvdk ; Anandatirtha simplyhaszyarthavdk, Cf. VedischeStudien, I,118,328. For\nnigada see St. PetersburgDiet., Brhaddevala,VIII, 104; Winternitz, Gesch.der indisch,\nLitt.,1,142,n.,who describesthem asakind ofYajustosummon theother priests to perform\ntheir tasks. Sayana gives as an exami)le of a tugada: Agne rnahdh asi brahmana bhdrata\nW( i— ntT ea ri ntt ii tr zl ,ya p.S 1a 4i 6p ,hi nt .a, 3,II w, h5 o, 9 r, eni de; rsBl io tom af sie ol rd i, ginV ae ld lyic ‘C Bco sn ac no fr id ia gn uc ne g, slp i. ed26 ',*) *. einF Mo ir ttes lam za un r, Bc ef *.\nschwichtigungvonGottern undDamonen;* Bloomfield,ReligionofVeda.,p.38.\n\" A curious piece ofcommon sense (cf. Mr. Falconer’s advice to Pepys, Diary, Aug. 8,\"^\n1662) interpolated to avoid the danger of the preceding doctrine that om is truth. For om\nas tathd, see Aitareya Brahmana, VII, 18, and Chandogya Upanisad,I, i,8. The comparison\nwithamenisofcourseaccidental, Winternitz, Gesch.derindisch.Litt., I, 162,n. i."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1554,
            "content": "AITAREYA ARAXYAKA 6-\n222 II, 3,\na man says om, then that® is taken from him ; if he should say om to everything,\nhe would empty himself and be unable to have delights. The syllable ‘no’ is\nfull for one's self. If a man should say ^no’ to everything, his fame would\nbe evil and he would destroy himself. Therefore should one give at the proper\ntime, and at the proper time he should refrain” from giving. So does he\nunite the true and the untrue. From their union he grows and becomes\ngreater. He who knows this speech ofwhich (the great litany) is a modification,\nhe is clever. ‘A’ is the whole of speech and being manifested through the\nmutes and sibilants it becomes manifold and various. If uttered in a whisper\nit is breath, if aloud it is body. Therefore it is as it were hidden, for what is\nincorporeal is as it were hidden, and breath is incorporeal. But spoken aloud it\nis body and visible, for body is visible.\n7. This is produced as a thousand hrhalis. It is glory,' it is Indra, it*\nis the lord of creatures. ‘He who knows it as Indra, as the loid of creatures,\nleaves this world shaking^ off all ties,’ so said Mahidasa* Aitareya. Having\ndeparted, havingbecome Indra,“he shines in those worlds. They say, ‘If by this\nform he gains yonder world, then by what foim does he experience this world?’\"\n\" .Sayana constiues as ‘he is einj)tied for that, vi/. the enjoyment of house, fields, &:c.’\nThisi Is st so elff io sr hc .eth Se aym ae na ani cn itg esof Hha as gm aa vi ado gv ie lr am ,u Ic Ih ,; 54it :is saa md ba ht di mv tus asi yn aco cm dkm Jo rd ti i. rmaramldatiruyaU\n\\\nRajendralala prints in text and commentary kiilena. It should be halt na as the\ncommentary,andalsoAnandalirtha, shows.\n‘A’ with the different letters is the source of the alphabet. It may be interesting to\nspeculate ifthis denotes that writing where the ‘a’ was not expressed was already known.\nIt may be so, but it is not clear. In any case as the date of writing is very doubtful, no\ngreat light would be thrown on the date of the Aranyaka ; cf. V, 3, 3 ad fin., where the\nreference is clear but cogent only for J^aunaka’s period, bor laterrefeience to the akdra,see\nJacob, Concordance^p.3,andcf.TandyaMahabrahmana,X\\, 3.\n‘ Sayanacompares1aittiriya Aranyaka, I, i: natasyeie kakanata^yandmamahadyaiah \\\nFor Indra, cf.II,4, 3; Taittiriya Upanisad, I,4; KaiisTtaki Upanisad, II, 6; III,i; brhad-\naranyakaUpanisad,III, 2,2.\n• Thisisthesense,latherthan,‘Indraisthelord'astaken byMax Muller. Etan belowis\nthe usual Sanskrit attraction of a pronoun to the gender of the piedicate ; Vergl. Syntax^\nHI, 240sq.\n3 This must be the sense,and so both Sayana and Anandatirtha take it. Originally the\nwordmeantthedecayofoldage.\n• The quotation ends here, it seems. The new sentence looks like a prose version of a\nJ^lok »a, Sc af y. aV n, a3 q, uo2. tes Brhadaranyaka Upanisad,IV, i, 3: devo bhiitvddevanapycti \\ He refers\nalso to Brahma Sutra, IV,3, 15, and discusses whether this deification is a hindrance to real\nmukti, and decides it is really a step towards it. But ofcourse the doctrine ofmukti is not\nclea •rl Fy of rou tn hd ei nn at sh ai ls iA nra //n «y /a /k ,a c; f.se Wc acI kI, cri n, a3 g, en l. ,9 A; ltH io np dk ii sn cs h, eR Ge rl aig mi mo an ts io kf ,I Tn ,di 2a 99^ ,pp 3. 0023 ;2, Wh2 i3 t8 ns eq y. ,\nSanskritGrammar^ § 78."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1555,
            "content": "—\n- 11 , 3, « TRANSLATION AND NOTES 223\nThe blood in the woman^ is the form of Agni, therefore one should despise\nit not. The seed in the man is the form of Aditya, therefore one should\ndespise it not. This self gives itself to that self, that self gives itself to this\nself.® They thus gain each other. In this form® he gains yonder \\vorld, in\nthat form he experiences this world.\n8. Here there are these verses :’\nAnandailrtha has a wondciful explanation. This world and that world are both\nsvasinriipam of Bhagavant. Sayana explains that there are six elements in the body three,\nfat, bone,and marrow, are white and represent the man; three, skin, blood, and flesh,; are red\nand represent the woman, ayam is used of the woman because she is connected with earth,\nasauotthemanbecauseheisconnectedwiththesunandtheui)perworld.\n\" ThefactthatSayatradoesnotcommentontmasmaishowshowlittlehecan be reliedonto\nnotepointsinthe text. Thereading;is(juitecertain,andcf.Whitney,l.c., § 502b.\n® This is taken bySayana andby Max Mulleras referring to thewords at once preceding.\nBut it is perhaps rather a reference to the <iuestion above. 'I'hen anena will refer to the\nknowledge of Indra, and amtind to the human form produced by the union of the parents.\nSayana seems to have been misfed by the use ofAgni and Aditya into misinterpreting lokam.\nThe lone of the section is noteworthy when contiasted with the pessimism which the body\nand its imperfections induces in Buddhism and the later Upanisads (Maitrayani Upanisad, I,\nj-4; Winternit/, Gesch tierindisch. Litt.f T,^24). Max Muller’sview(.9.B,A*.,XV,l-lii) that,\ndespite its references to Nirvana (p. xlvi) and other hints at Buddhism (e.g. VII, 8), this\nUpanisad is anti-Paninean cannot be siipportcil. The irregular Samlhi is merely a conscious\nand deliberate archaism (so perhaps also in theMana\\a Grhya .Sutra, .a piece of patchwork),\nand geneially the language is quite recent in form compared .to the really old Upani.^ds.\nDeussen recognizes the later character and style of the Upanisad, and Winternitz (p. 225)\ndefinitely lefers it to a post-Buddhistic date. Indeed Weber ^IndianJAtetatufe, pp. 96sq.)\nand Macdonell {Sanskyit Literature, pp. 230, 231) tend to refer it to classical times, though\nIts doctrine is no doubt earlier. The optimism of the Upanisads is natural : what is other\nthan thedtman ismiserable, but nottheatman, cf. Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, ITI, 5; Taittiri>a\nUpan ^i Tsa hd e, vII e, rs9 es; I aI rI e, p6 r; obI asa blU ypn on li dev rad t, ha7 n; tH ho eji pk ri on ss e,\n.\nTheyarcoj eI an rld ii ea r, tp, ha2 n40 t.\nhe tristiddis cited\nby Patanjali (cf. Weber, Ind.Stud., XIII, 483sq.) and show every sign of antiquity in their\nm Le 'pt ir cic oa fl If no dr im a,(c pf p. ./. 19B 4.A 5(. j.)S. w, h1 i9 c0 h6, ispp d. eci i- di edo l; yO il rd rec gn ub le ar rg ., . TS’. hB e. tE h. i, nlX vX eX rs, esxx ox fv i,; 2H ,o 4pk ai rn es, jagG ar te ia st\n,\nthe first verse of I has only ten syllables,the lastverse of4 only9, andevenifbyresolutions\ntheyarealteredinto ii syllableveiscs,thenthecharacleristictristubh ending is missing. Inno\ncase arc the four verses assimilated, and indeed in no case are even two verses assimilated.\nThe last stanza, pdda i,isiniambic-ended anu)tubh,a veryearlyverseindeed. Itisofcourse\ntrue, as Bloomfield (^Atharvaveda, pp. 41,43) imints out, that the actual development of the\nanustubh{pddas1and3)cannotpossiblyhave beenfrom — —w— czSi,\nandthence to the Epic Sloka with its differentiatedfddas, but that the iambic anudubh is a\npriestly as opposed to a popular verse with freepddas i and 3, But it is equallyclear that\nthe development of the iambic anustubh in the priestly circles was comparatively early and\nthat the later verse-writers tended moreand moretofall back(with sporadiccases of imitation\nsuch as in the Vimada hymns,see my criticisms^ofArnold’s VedicMetre,in/.R.A.S., 1906,\n* I maynote here asmall point confirmatoryofmycriticismof Prof. Arnold’s views. The\nterm daksina{pada) occurs in RV., X, 61, 8, which is therefore naturally called one of the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1556,
            "content": "; “ ,\n^2+ AITAREYA ARANYAKA II. 3, «-\nThat fivefold body the undying enters,\nThat which the harnessed steeds® draw to and fro,\nIn which is yoked the trueness of the true,^\nIn that are all the gods in one combined lii\\\\\nWhich from the undying® the undying joins,\nThat which the harnessed steeds draw to and fro,\nIn which is yoked the trueness of the true,\n, In that are all the gods in one combined I121I\npp.484sq.,720) on the popularanu]{tihhandits laterdevelopment isi. That\nd the iv re tl y-o np im ne en ct aseis ss inho tw hn eAi an nkt hhe ayl aa nt ae (M Oa ln dt cr na bs crf go ,u Zn .d Di .n M.the G.G yr Xh Xy Xa VS Tu Iti ,as 6, 7e s. q.g.\n;\ni Sn .Bth .ir Zt f.y ,o Xu Xt Xo ,f\nX 1 a.X ncX d.V ) is ; nq. i) n Gi; t ii h rn e ut plh u'e : jpi aR c kg a(v wHe nod upa dk iiP nr sa (t 1, 8i 9^ 1 6a . )k c ).h ,y ;a Jo Ia tf coS b isa iu , (n jf ua ink td ea . p{ S oS i s. n sB d i.. b,E l. eX, V aIl n. I dc ,.) e4; v4 ei 3 nn st pqh . re , obl D al a br lsh ead Rd td he amv ta dt y Oa a l{ dn/ ea. nR b(. e1A 8 r. 9 gS 3. ) i, , s\nright in thinking that the iambic hymns arc in the Kgveda earlier than the bulk of those\nhymns where the endings ofthe fustpdda of each hemistich is unrestriclcd in point of form,\ntheperiodofthe Kuniprinces, PariksitandJanamejaya'^(Z.D.M.G.,XXXVIl,65).\nIt is obvious that these verses arc ofthe same type as the yajilagathas of the Aitareya\nIlrahmana and A^valayana Gjhya Sutra (I, 3, 10), i.e. they were composed to illustrate and\nsum up the doctrines which the Aranyaka supports, and here as used arc older than the\nwork in which they occur (cf. Oldenberg, S.B.E., XXX, xxxv-xxxvii ; Ind,Stud., XV, 11).\nThese verses form an interesting parallel to the rise of the Akhyana, in which the verses\njierhaps denoted the chief movements in the nanative and were fixed before the prose (or\nverse later) connecting parts (Oldenberg, Z.D,M.G., XXXVIl, 54 sq.; XXXIX, 52 sq.\n\\Vinternil7, Gesch.derindisch.Lilt.,I,89sq.). Forsimilarverses,seePrliadamnyakaUpanisad,\nI men6 t, i3 o3 n; edT aa fi tt el rir Vf iy da yaU ,pa Un pi as na id s, adI sI ,, a8 n, d&c b. eforI en SuB tr rh aa sd i. na sra un cy hak aa waUp ya an sis ta od, sug1 g1 e, st4, thats^ ul co hka Ss loka ar se\nashereoccuraredenoted. Asydhisalsoapre-BruhmanaandRgvcdicform,thoughoccasionally\nfoundlater,e.g.HI, 3,3.\n« This is not very clear. Anandatlrtha explains that the fivefold body is that composed\nofNarayana, &c., and is male and female united, in which all the gods, Naiayana, &c., are\nunited.\n.Sayanaexplainsthatthebreathentersthebody,andtheworshipper meditatesonhimself\nasidenticalwiththebreathandthuswithallthegods. Thefivearcpresumablythefivesenses.\n3 The metaphor is common, cf. Kathaka Upanisad, III, 4; indriydni haydn dhuh \\ The\nsensesaremeant. Cf. MaxMuller,S.B.E.,X\\^ 12,andn. 14.\n< i.e brahman probably. At least so it was later interpreted, and the idea may well be\nearly,thoughitmightbeenoughtotakeitmerelyas‘theessenceoftruth Cf.Brhadaranyaka,\nI pI o, si3 t, io6 n: oa ft bh ra an hd mm aa ndh iney tha em bs oa di yya ws iy ta hps ra dty na am S.H ai yap nr ad cn id tesva Pi ras Sa ni ay Ua pm ant ie su ah dn ,e Vs Ta ,s 3a ;ty sa am Jk\\ sdnF ior cakt rh ee\nkasmin nv aham utkrdnta utkrdnto hhavisydmi kasmin vd pratidhite pratidhdsydmiti sa\np hr yd en tcam saa rs vr aja et ka a\\ m bF ho ar vat nh ie inex ot thl ei rne e, xc af. mpB lr eh s.a ad ra era gin vy ea nka inUp Jaa cn oi bs ,ad C, onI, co4 r. d7 an= ce,pp. 2e 6v 0op sd qs .Ttdtra\n‘ Theundyinghereisbrahman,theotherundyingbreathasinver.i (Sayana).\nlatest hymnsby Rhys Davids, BuddhistIndia,p.3®* Prof. Arnold {VedicMetre,p. 286)\nassignsthishymntothearchaic(bywhichhemeanstheoldest) period!\n*Cf.,however,\\N'hitneyinColebrooke,Essays'^,I, 118,onlegendarycontemporaneities."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1557,
            "content": "—\n«\n;\nn- TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n3, 225'\nor speech that which is ‘yes' and which is ‘no',\nTha't which is harsh® and that w'hich is immense,\nI.aying aside’ have poets found their quest,\n1hey, bound by names,^ rejoiced in the revealed II 3li\nIn which^ revealed the poets did rejoice,\nIn it in unity the gods exist.\nCasting aside all evil by this lore,’”\n'J’he wise one rises to the world of heaven 11 4 11\nNeither by name of woman is he called,\nNor yet by name of neither man nor woman,\nNor 3’ct by name of man may he be named\nBy him who fain w'ould tell the name of breath 11 5 11\nBrahnum iscalled‘a andthe‘I'istherecontained.*^ Thisisproducedasathousand\nbyhalis. Of this produced as a thousand hrhaiis there are thirty-six thousand\nsyllables. So many are the thousands of the da^s of man’s life. By the syllabic\nof life’® alone does he obtain the day of life, and by the day of life the syllable\nof life. There is a chariot of the gods which destroys desires.’^ Its seat\nSayana^cites TaittirT}a Arnnyaka, TV, 27 (AnandaArain.a cd., p. 333): khatphaJjaki\nchindhi bhindhi handhx kad t(i vocalt ktuiani u/bdRDutt he renders akfoUidtkatn, Cf. also\nApa ^st Va im yb ua yaSr la iu keta nS ou mtr aa, inXI vV er, .414 a, p1 pe; a1 rI sil ‘lc ib nr ea tn id it ca, l\\ R ’.itual-Uiie}aiiir,p.166; /'ed.Myth.,TIT,366.\n® This merely means they rose a]>ove mere names to the unity of brahman or pdna.\nSayana renders ‘dependent on the letter “a” which is the name of prana\\ Anancjatirtha\nrefersto thenamesofliha^^Mvant.\n® ndma is icndercd by Sajiina as equivalent to udmdyaitah above. This cannot be the\ncase, nor can it well be for naniani as Anandatirtha constiues it. It must be for nama, the\nAla us ft rea chtb ,ein Ag itl ae >n eg yt ahe Bn te dd hm mc ai n} ai ,ca pu .s 4a, 27;b So ar nks hu ach yac na ases l, ^rae uf. taM Sa ue t< rl ao ,n<d Xl V, JIT ,W/ 9t\n,\n7G ;ra XVm lm la Ir ,, 2p 2. ,6 1i 0,;\neven i Bn ypi to hs ee( hc ef l. pIn ot fro bd /, ap h. m7 a0 n); isJ. SA ay. aO n. a’S s., vX ciX sV io, n,98 an; dbe sl oow a, lsT oIT A, nai, ii2 d, atn. Ti2 l.\nha takes it. Moic\npiobably it is ‘by aid of this doctnne’. Foi apahatya, cf. Jaiminiya Upanisad Brahniana,\nII, I; 10,2.\nSayanaquotesJ^vetasvataraUpanisad,V,to(thelatemetreisnoteworthy):\nfiahia st>t na pnmdn em naii’a cdyam napumsakah\n\\\nyadyac chariiam ddatic tena tena sa codyateII\nFor the nominative, cf. passageslike Brhadilevala, V, 39, where I would read llaspatih with\nMSS. h. d. ; RgvedaTratisakhya, XVII, 26; TaittirijaSnrphita, V, 7, 4,4,&c.\nThismust betaken asaclearassertion thatbrahman includestheindividualself. .Sayana\nsays it refers to Iliianyagarbha quoting the very late Nrsirjihottaratapanlya Upanisad, V\nsarvdhammdnl Hiranyagarbhah\n\\\nAnandatirthaexplainstheaksara as the female foim ofVisnu,the ahas (sic) as the male.\nAsamatteroffactthesentencemerelyassertsheobtainsbrahmanorpranabymeansofbrahman\norprana, asbotharerevealed inthesyllabicandtheiitualoftheMahavrataday,asin I,2, 2.\nSayana explains this as a chariot of Hir.inyagarbha. Anandatiitha renders anakama-\nKI11}{ Q"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1558,
            "content": "a ^\n226 AITAREYA ARANYAKA 3, 8-\nis speed), its two sides the cars, the horses the eyes, the driver the mind.\nBreath mounts upon it. A Rsi says (RV., X, 39, 12), ‘Com^ hitlier on what is\nquicker than mind,’ and (RV., VlIT, 73, 2), ‘On what is quicker than the winking\nofan eye.’\nAdhyaya 4.\nTn tlie beginning' the one self was this, there was nothing else blinking.\nIIc^ thought, ‘Shall 1 create worlds?’ He created these worlds, water, lights,\nfnnrah fis, J^ran hn<; no desires and delights in Maya, i.e. Rama. Reallyallthatis meant\nis that there is achariot,vb.the body,wheie/>nhni mounts,ascontained above in the verses.\nAnandatTrthacxj)lainstheiiddhiasRainiiinsnakeform,bvircasCandraandhiswife,pak^mTas\nCandia and his wife, cak'^ubas Srir}a and his wife, manah as Riidra. Ihe metaphor is not\nrare, c.g. n. 3; quotation in AWalayana Sraiita Sfitra, VI, 5, 3; Sankhayana Aranyaka, T,8;\nRV.,Ill, 14, 7,asintciprctedbyBergaigne(Oldenberg,A./).A.,XI.VI, 270)where the pia)er\nisachaiiot; Atharvaveda, \\'IIl,8, 22,whereluldhi andpak'^as also occur,and aic rendered as\nabov ”e Sb ay yn^ nV ahi at dn de sy; aM la oi nt gra diy sa qn ui isS ia tm ioh nit ((a, f.I Mt al, x4 M, u4 l; lerK ,.a .t 9.h Aa .ka ES. ,a Im ,hi 2t 3a 5, »Vlll,8 ‘’,\n*1die differenceof\nthis pulmvidyfi fiom that of the Brhad.iranyaka Upanisad and the C’handog)a Iqianisad, in\nwhichp)dna IS not lelatcd to the Mahavrata ceremony, hollowing as usual Sankara he also\ndiscusses what is the result of this pianaiddyn and concludes that it leads alter death and\nabsorption in theparanidtman to rebirth in the biahmaloka where altei enjoyment of all the\nlioweis of a deity, he proceeds to obtain full knowledge and mukti. But S*ikara ignores\nthe fact that mnktt is not as yet known to this Aranyaka, which in its philosophic doctiine\nrenches only the unity of existence .and the identity of the self and bra/itnan, and which\npromises immortality, not liberation, to the devout. It is impossible even to say that this\nAranyaka, II, 1-3, realizes clearly the doctiine that all is consciousness, though it approaches\nthis standpoint. It does not assert that the selfisunknowableas pitic subjector theunreality\nof existeiKC, as is done by the later Upanisads and the Vedanta, do the wiitcr of tins\nUpanisad immoitality meant a continuance ofconscious existence, because the identityof the\nself arid the world did not involve in any way the destruction of self. All that it invobed\nwasthedestructionofwhatisreallyselffrom itsaccidents. Itisofcoursetiuethatthisposition\nisnotstrictlyconsistent,butitisnomoreunsatisfactorythan thatofVedantism.\n’ ‘Sankara, AnandatTrtha, and Sayana all expend great efforts in explaining this shoit\nUpanisad, II,4-6,but theymainlydealwithdifTicultieswhich do not arise ifnoeffoit is made\nto reconcile this text with pine Vedantism or to explain logically its inconsistencies. The\nreal advance on IT, 1-3, consists in (1) the fact that olman is the subject, not as before\npnhia, puru^if, (2) that atman and brahman are more exjilicitly recognized as intelligence,\nbut both these points are foreshadowed in 11, 1-3. Max Muller (A.A’.A., I, 236) leans to\nthe view that this Up.anisad rises from the conception of life to that of the self, but this is\nlather too great a distinction. ThisUpanisad is a little moie advanced than TI, 1-3, but not\nmuch so. Dcussen {Sechziy(panishads),of course,interpretsitasalater Upanisad and reads\ni an nt do Sit .d So Tc tt ar ri an me asn {o Ut pac no in st ha ai dn se ,d Vi ,ni 1t. -64C )o fl oe lb lr oo wok I^e ah{ kE as rs aa .ys, OnI,4 x7 d- a5 m3 ,) cf) .M\\\\ ao xcx M{ u' lJ' lr ea rn ,s., .9.pi Bp .. A26- ,3 X4 V1 ,;\nxix. Bohtlingk has reiideied the Upanisad, Saihs. Ber., 1890, p. 162; cf. 1891,p. 85; 1897,\np.95. ForRamanuja’sinterpretation,cf.S.B.R.-, XLVTIT, ‘ji,81, 201, 4^7*4^^>\nThis is an imitation of the Buriisa Sfikta, RV., X, 90; cf. laittirlya Aianyaka, III, 12,\nbut, as Deussen points out, with the essential dilTcicnce that the metaphysical prii/s ol the\npurlisa IS the atman. The view of the relation of the atman to the wuild is cosmogonic,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1559,
            "content": ",\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-IT, 4. I 227\nmortal, and waters. This water is above the heaven, and heaven suppoits it.\nThe lights are the sky. The mortal is the eaith, those under the earth are\nthe waters. He thought, ‘There are these worlds. Shall I create guardians of\nthe world?' He formed the person,'* taking him out from the waters.'^ He\nbrooded on him, and when he was brooded over, a mouth burst forth as an\negg does. From the mouth came speech, from speech fire. Nostrils burst forth.\nFrom the nostrils came foith scent,\" from scent wind. Eyes burst forth. From\nthe eyes came foith sight, from sight the sun. Kars burst forth. Fiom the\nears came forth hearing, from hearing the quaitcrs.® Skin buist fortli. From\nthe skin came foith hairs, from hairs plants and trees. The hcait burst forth.\nFrom the heart came forth mind, from mind the moon. The navel burst forth.\nFrom the navel came forth down-breathing,® from down-breathing death. The\ngenerative organ burst forth. From the organ came forth seed, fiom seed water.\nnot pantheistic. Of course the orthodox view of the commentators that the ofnid is the\niivara^ not vndjy and the creation is adhydropa^ from II, 4, i, to II, 4, 3. This is not, it\nis admitted by Say;ina,clear from the text, but he appeals to J^vetasvatara Upanisad, IV, 10,\nindyam ittprakrtim vtdydd, and brahma Sutra, I, 4, 23, piahriik ca ptn/ytldd drddnfdfiu-\nrodkdt, besides other passages eijually irrelevant. In Jaiminiya Upanisad Itrahmana, I, i, i,\natkui/a the regular form occurs. The A.t.nrcya Ilrdhmana often has unaugmenlctl j)asts, see\n]). 56; bohtlingk, S(i(/is. />er., 1900, p. 413. I'he next clause, here and If, 4, 3, may be\ninterrogative or merely an expression ofdetermination (socomment.ators.and translatuis). For\ndpa^ ®,c Tf. heAt th ra ar nv sa lv ae tid oa n, V oI f, M2 a3, x2; Mii/ lln cd r,Si ‘n and dX it, i4 s40 h, can \\. eni ,; ’p e. .aA\nn\nh0 ar. dS l’, yXX bV e', lign hto ,.\nand it Is not\nsupported by the commentators It is tiiic that he.aven must come in somewhere, for it is\nsufficient ifitcomesinasasupport, and sobohtlingk and Deussen,with Colebrooke, STt.arama,\nKajiiiriinn, and Roer take it. Auandatutha exjilains amhhas .as mahas and the other woilds\nbcyon<l theheaven whciethewaterswereoriginallyplaced; ‘the bluefirmament,’ Raj,ar.ama.\n* This is the later virdj of the Vedanta. Anandatirtha calls it Biahman, in accordance\nwiththeVisnu legend. Cf. Hopkins, Rcl.ofIndia, pp. 233 sq.\n® Thefiveelements (.Sayana), Brahman, &c. (Anandatirtha).\nThe sense of ^fiap, to create by will, is pointed out by .‘saiikara, who (cf. VVinternit/,\nGi'sch.der indisch. hit., 1, (Sysq., 91 sq.; Oldenbeig, Reliyion des l^cda, pp. 402 sq.) cites\nfM iu on mda Mk aa xUp Ma un li ls ea rd, (cfI ., ar l, so9: S.y fa is .y Ea ,j Xii Vd ,nav 2i 8a ,ya n.in 2)t .apas Fo\\\nr\nyT ah ie hdmtr fa an ns ilat bio en lowhe ,re cfi .s Jb ao ii mr io nw ie yd\na\nUpanisad Briihmana, TIT, 14, 8; J.Timmiya Brrihmana, H, 12. There are sets of three, the\norgan, the activity, and the n.atural phenomenon corresponding, which is later called the\npresiding deity. .See e.g. the Anugita, Mbh., Xl\\', 1119 sq. Foi this sidikiania, cf.\nChandogyaUp.anisad, VT, 2; TaittirTyaAianyaka, TI, i.\nPrana here means clearly the power of smell. Originally (1) it meant the breath in\nthe widest sense, from which it came to denote (2) life or the piinciple of conscious life,\nas frc(]ueiitly in II, 1-3. On the other hand, (3) it was narrowed down to denote one of\nfivepranas, II, 3, 3, and thesepranas were contrasted with manas and the indriyas, though\nin death or sleep the fundamental character of thepranas came out. (4) The sense ‘smell’\nisan independentandnotverycommondevelopment. (5) Anotherdevelopmentappliesittoall\ntheorgansoflife,e.g. eyes, nose, tongue, secI, 3, 7,-11.6. Cf.SdnkhayanaAianyaka,p.21,11.i.\n** AnandatirthaexplainsthemasJndr.s, Yama, VVaruna,andKubera.\n® Apdiia here has the other meaning of down-breathing, not inspiration, but breathing,\nQ ^"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1560,
            "content": "A\n228 AITAREYA ARANYAK II, 4. 2-\n2. These deities* being created fell into this great ocean.® He troubled him\nwith hunger and thiist. 'I'he deities spake to him, ‘Grant us a place, where\nwe can lest and eat food/ He led a cow**for them. They said, ‘I'his is not\nenough for us.’ He led a horse for them. 'I’hey said, ‘This is not enough.’\nHe le<l man'* to them, 'I'hcy said, ‘Well done!’® Man is indeed well done.\nHe said to them, ‘Enter according to your places.’® Then fire,'* having become\nspeech, enteied the mouth. Air, having become scent, entered the nostrils.\nIMic sun, having become sight, entered the eyes. The {quarters, having become\nhearing, cnteicd the car'^. The plants and tices, having become hairs, entered\nthe skin. 'I'lie moon, having become mind, entered the heart. Death, having\nbecome down-bieathing, entered the navel. The waters, having become seed,\nentered the generative organ. Hunger and thiist said to him, ‘Grant us two\na place.’ He said to them, ‘To these deities 1 assign you, I make you sharers\nor wind, in tho lower part of the body. (T. on II,3, 3, find II,4,.3. Rajiir.im.i takes it as\n'flirinlinledbynioiitli, ftoffhromih Colcl>rookcIia^i‘tlu>airdrawn in bydeglutition’,\nexplaining that swallowing was consideicd a paiallel to inhaling. Cf. Z.I).M.G., LV, 26r ;\nLVl, 556; 4.(9..V.XXII, 249.\n’ 'I'his section ically revises the toiinei section. There dtmnn produced the worlds, then\npuuisa and the deities. 'I'he ileities now enter into purusa. Compare the common process\n111 the Ibahmanas whcie the brahman creates the world and then enters it, but here the\ndeities have no cieative power, and the section onlyseems to show the leciprocal dependence\n(cf. Winteinitz, Geuh.tierinciiah. I.tlt., T,218, 219)ofthedeitiesand the senses, of the great\ncosmic forces and the microcosm. I lake the subject of action to be the atman thioughout,\nso do Sankara and Sayana. Roer apparently takes /urum as subject of all save the first\ntwo sentences. Colebiooke appaiently lead abhyauhan an<l so makes the dtrnan alone\nsubjectandobjectintliesentences.\n^ 'I'hismustmean the ocean ofbeing,from whichpnrum isevolved. Sayanasaysintothe\nvirdj, but this seems less jirobahlc. 'I'lio v./., below, a'^andydpipdse is the form in the\nHrhadarnnyaka Upanisad, while ip TaittirTyaAranyaka, IV, 23,akanayd la pipdsd ca is found.\nCf. Aitareya Rrahmana, VII, 15: aianaydparltah \\ Aufrecht, p. 431; llohtlingk, Saihs, Bcr.j\n1900, p.41S.\n• because it has no upper teeth, says Sayana. He is, however, right in quoting IT, 3, 2,\nasshowingtherealreasonforthepreferenceofman,asthemostintelligent.\n* The commentatorsAnandatlrtha and Sayana,whooften follows him,Colebrooke,followed\nbyRoer,MaxMuller,andDeussen,explainthispiirusaasdifferentfromtlioughalliedtothepuru^a\nof II, 4, I. 'I'hishaidlyseemslikely,andllicconfusionofthought isjustasgreaton theformer\ntheory as on the latter. The exact parallelism with IT, 4, i,of what follows is against their\nvifw. Fortheparticlesu,cf. A.O..S'.,Apr. 1893,pp. xli-xliii.\n® .‘sankara suggests it may mean ‘selfmade’ (cf.Max Muller’s trans. (.S’.B.E.,XV, 58) of\n'i'aiuinya Upanisad, II, 7)becauseman is createdl)yhis own illusion, or thathe is the‘abode\nof all good actions’, which S.Sitai.ama in liis tians.accepts. Max Muller (.V. A’., XV, 20,\nn. 4)cijimtes s7>a°andsnkttaas=deedspciformed byoneselfand believedtobegood.\n‘ Cf.JaimmiyaUi>anis.id Bnlhinana, I, 18,3, whichmaybe borrowed.\n' 'I’hismeans,Sayanasays,thatin the absence ofthe deity,thefaculties cannotwork. He\nquotes lir.ahma Sutra, II, 4, T4 : jyotirddy adhiZhdnam laddmandt \\ Jaimmiya Upanisad\nliialimaiin, IT, ii, 12,seemsreminiscentofthispas^age."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1561,
            "content": "^ ;\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n3 229\nin tiicm. Tlteicfore to whatever deity an oblation is olTeicd, hunger and tiiiist\nare pariners in\n3. He thought, *There are these worlds and the guardians of these woilds.\nShall I create food for them?' He brooded over the waters.* From the waters\nbrooded over form was born. 'I’he form that was born was indeed food. I'hc\nfood wlien created sought to go away.^ He was fain to seize it. He sought\nto gjasp it with speech. He could not grasp it with si)ecch. Had he been\nable to grasp it with speech, man would have enjoyed food by utteiiiig its name\nalone. He sought to grasj) it by scent.'* He could not grasp it by .scent. Had\nhe been able to gia.sp it by scent, man would have enjoyed food by scenting\nit alone. He sought to grasp it by the eye. He could not grasp it by the eye.\nHad he beenable to grasp it by the eye, man would have enjoyed food by seeing\nit alone. He sought to grasp it by the ear. He could not grasp it by the ear.\nHad he been able to grasp it by the car, man would have enjoyed food by*healing\nit alone. He sought to grasp it by the skin. He could not giasp it by the skiin\nHad he been able to grasp it by the skin, man would have cnjoycii food by\ntouching it only. He sought to grasp it by the mind. He could not grasp it\nby the mind. Had he been able to giasp it by the mind, man would have\nenjoyed food by thinking of it alone. He sought to grasp it by the generative\noigan. He could not grasp it by that organ. Had he been able to grasp it\nSayana,following AiifinclatTrlha,explains that,ashunger is mitigated bythe knowledge of\nits (i.e. foods) proximity, or by heaiing of it, so the senses all appease hungci and thirst.\nS tha enka br oa d’ ys av ni dew inis tht eha wt ort lh de ;se sn osat ti ho en ys sb he ac icom me c ea vt ee rr ys ob fy fes rh ina gnn tg\no\ni an dt eh ie tyde (i i.ti ee .s, thi e.e d. eif tnc y, a& nc d., thi en\nworshipperbotheat).\n^ The fiveelements(Sankaiaand Saynna).\nbonn oroiganism, asRajariimatranslates it,is natural, not something imposed on matter,\nand it playsno such pait in Indian thought as m Greek. Even the Buddhist rupain isnot a\npregnant concejition.\nKoer leads nadat^ so Rajarama,andseecut.notes. Sank.araexplains ‘that mice,\n^^c., trytorunawayfrom catsthateat them '. lietakeslyii^hamaitas, ‘itsoughttourn away,'\nand this is followed by .Sayana and Anandatirtha and by VRvesvaiatirtha, besides being\naccepted by Colebrooke, Rocr, S. Sitdrama, and Rajarama, Max Muller, and Deiissen. But\nthat this is coircct seems veiy unlikely. Rather it may mean, ‘lie sought to stiikc, grasp\nit, which idea is later developed in detail. This leaves the exact sense of pauhi difficult.\n4T 2f ; 26i .6t ,is I Bu;n te Ku at ie p fr i, a itcf =U. paW tnh oii st nan ode ,y, p1 u1S ia , pn o4s , sk ef 1i ;t (cM f.aG ir t Aa r iam ty am a ia n er l yy aa§ BU r1 p a1 a h1 n ri7 ns; a. naJ ada ,,im V Ii I In , Il ,y 1a 7 46; ,Ep Oa 2en ;ri tcs l Ja , ail i/ m. il A ni l.i ya O ah .m Sa U.n p,a a, nX iV1 s, I a2 , d,\nBiahmana,I,2,4)atolerablesenseismadeasmasculine. ButI picferBohtlmgk’sa/fajij^a/Rsu/\nSef u. tiR ao ,th 1, ,1Z 2. ,5D ,.i oM c. cuC i. s, :X aL fV hT al il n, an10 d6 adh1 tr Ri i. adhI tf ie' r/D ad wai fs ;/n //o /'m <;. /, /,c wf h. iI cn htro Kd na, ip i. e5 r6. (p.In xliM va )na dcv fa emG li shy ba\ny\nfq au co tti tn hag tth ne aAi it nar Pae ly ia oB ci ca urh sma in na tp ha ess na og me .( (V cI fT, Mu2 l2 l) era ,nd P. aK haud Gt ra ak mi maB rra ,hr pn .an 8a «), .XX BI ohI, tli i, nga kn ,d b Gy at/t nh .e\nBer , 1896,p. 155; 1900, pp.41S,4-8, deniesth.-use.\n* AsaboveinII,4, i. Porarathersiinilai li>>t,cf.J.iimiiii)a Upanisad Biahimim,T,60."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1562,
            "content": "-\n230 AITAREYA ARANYAKA n, 4, 3-\nby that organ, man would have enjoyed food by sending it forth alone. He\nsought to grasp it by down-breathing. He obtained it/ Thus it is Vayu who\nlays h(jld of food, and Vayu is he who lives by food.” He thought, ‘How can\nthis be\\\\ithout me ?’ He thought, ‘Bywhicliway® shall I enter?’ He thought,\n‘If s[)ccch disiinguishes, if scent smells, if the eye secs, if the ear hears, if the\nskin feels, if the mind thinks, if down-breathing digests, if the oigaii sends foith,\nwliat then am I?’ Having split open the top of the skull he enteicd by that\ndoor. I'hat door is called viJrti, the place of happiness.^ There are three\ndwelling-places of him, thice dreams, this dwelling-place, and this, and this.\nBorn he looked tliiough all beings, to sec wlielhcr any one wished to proclaim\n« Vayu ib .Icrivcdfrom dvayaf. d'hc use ofthis causal foim is confined to this sense,but\ni Ps osf bo iu bn ld yb (o 1t vh 7i in stS ha emh si out ia cean (d MoB ni iu ch rm -Wa in la l. iamT sh ’e JJs ie in t.s )e ,i bs utpe ti hh ia sii is s‘ lc eo ssns lu im kee ld y’ ;r da .th /e .r At .h Oa .n S.‘ ,se Xi Vze Id I,.\nXV\n53; \"I On rd. h- eSl wu hd o^ giveI sIT, lif2 e4. by food,as SajanaandAnandatirtha take it, quotingHrh1ad,aranyaika\nU ti hi ean ji Msa sd s, ag1 e1 , a2 s, 1 U^; na hu au hva im and ed .uia, boI iV, t3 h, e6, la onn gd K scn ru is ei sta ok fi cU op nda iu ti is oa nd a, lsI ,IT, cf.2. \\\\S ha ity na en ya , d Sc asc ni sib hc Us\naSG cyr tna tm oa fm x,a cr re, § at1h i9 o! n^95 i0 s; I’ nh ueD tse ei ch or c nu a cc s eek ns, edaA rl e at sin al cd l oi ns n tc ih o ne r um oaS uly s:n ,t aa t nx h d, ey cp o. n rf i3 e c6 r s6 p; t oo nd. aSp tc j oM ij ae tst t h, euV n Lc r ad e ti a iu l n/i c pe o ln ud pa i en t rid fo en c,S tan f ss o urk lir ji t oht ce\nt\northe(ireckaoristludic.in iirolasiswithdvwith aorist in apodosis. Ihc form a,i;/akaisyat is\nr ac mi ina si ek eab Wl he; itc nf e. yA ,it Sa ai nc sy ka riH tra Gh rm aa mn ma a, rV ,I, §§2 94 0; 4!.J )^ ,ar 1y 0a 6g 8ra ah ,a fi os ram ot\\ hei ibid c. a, se3 s5: ofpr ta hety aaj na og mr aa lb yh .aiu Iw hi e,\nSupariudhyaya also contains the form ai^rahaiuim, Wackernagel, Altindische Giammatik,\nJ b, lx ox ox mi fi i; elds ,ee ibM ia d.n ,ti Xa Lp Vat Uh la ,, 5I 7I, 718, Ji, A.ag Or .a Sl .d ,ia Xh Xa Vm ,\\ c 1f 3. 5.liohthngk, Z.D.M.G., LIV, 511, with\n’ .'sankaia illustrates by the metaphor, ‘Unless the lord the city keep,the watchers watch\nin vain.’ There must be the soul in the body. Sayana compares lirhadaiaigaka Upanisad,\nIII,4, i.cI.\n.\nbyCon tht era ts it pw oi fth thA eris ft oo ot tl ,e, asDe inA In T,tm id ,, 4,I oII r, t5 h, eis skin ut He .rest fi Sn ag y. ana connects the former with\nthe karmendriyas, the latter with the jUdnendriyas, AnamlalTrtlia lefers to a variant in\n.Sankara’s commcntaiy antar for atah. It obviously must have been wiong, but it is woith\nnoting that Snnkaia’s text was not vc.y complete or ccitain. It is notewoilhy that here\nwc have no hint ofkarman (cf. Hihadaranyaka Upanisad,HI, 2, 13sq.; IV, 4, 2-5).\n* .So called because connecteii with Haii, says Anandatirtha. The Jaimmiya Uiianisad\nbrahmanaknowsanandanasdmanandSamaveda,II,651,andndanawarga.^\nThesethreeaievariouslyinterpreted. Sankaragivestwoexplanations. The fiististhatof\nright c)e inner mind,and ether m the heart. Anandatirthaexplainsthemindasinthethroat,\nand identifies the heart with the ether. Hethusgets,in hisowncommentary,tlic triad,right\ne ay ne d,t ah fr teo rat, hia mnd cih te esart t, hean Bd ras ho maCol Ue pb ar no io sk ae d. ,HIS :aya nn cia reas jao gf at nen taf ro nll vo iw ds ydh tim kanra tt hh cer svth aa pn naS man sk aa mr da -,\nd oi fse wt a\\ kis nu g^ ,np dt ia em amh ir nd ga ,ya as ny dat di ei e( pal. slh eer pd ,ay fa os ri ah la lm) areI sf l^ ea en pka ai saa cn od mpt ah re edoth we ir ts hex tp rul eain knt oh we ls et da gte esa os f\nb bir ra thh ,ma <n \\L.tc of n. e’K sai ov wa nlya boU dp y,ani as na dd, thX oH se).\nof\noT nh ee ’sot mh oe tr hee rxpl aa nn dati fao tn hei rs\n;\nt th ha it sr ie sfer nr oing dot uo btano qt uh ie tr\ne\nwrong, but Sayana reconciles the two theories by assigning two kinds of samsdra, dinavya-\nvaharaandjanmdntarawikdra,towdiichthetheoiicscoirespond."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1563,
            "content": ",\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-II, 4, 3 231\nanother self^^ He saw this person only as the most widely extended brahman}'^\n1 have seen it, so he said. Therefore he was Idamdra by name, he was indeed\nSankai.i does not c\\i)lain this passa^^e. Anandalirtha says tliat either he regarded it as\nclear or his. copyists (cf. n. 8) omitted it. His own explanation gives us a choice, (i) Tic\nidentified himself with creatures because he did not see the true self, tli being used in the\nsense of ya^mdt, or simply, he identified himself with creatures: he did not see the true\nself, i/i markingthecloseoftheodhyaropasection. (2) Theadhyiitopaendswith di'nsafha i/i,\nandwithsajata begins the opavdda. He examined the creatines sejiaratcly, whelhei they ha<l\ni7'aitahsaiidornot, and concludidthat‘there is nothingthat I can call diflerent from the tine\nsell’. Vadt^ydtmisgiven loi vdi'adiuit. S.djanafollowsthisoneofAnandalTitha'sexplanations,\nusing some ol the actual words. Colcbrooke has,‘\\\\hat else (^but hinO can I here .afhim\n(to exist')?’ S.Sltaramarenders,‘How should he speak ofany other?’and Roer has, ‘How\ncould he desiretodcchucanyotherthing difleient fioinhim?’ l\\.i)aiama, ‘Canany(element')\nherecall (theluler) dilfeient?’ Max Muller andDeussen lender, ‘whether anything wished to\nproclaim hereanotherself.’ Thismustbe right, or peihaps the subject shouhl be ‘any jicrson’\nthe difference is, however, slight. This veision is suppoitcd by Anandalirtha in his own\ncommentary, ilia anyam viatto 'nyarnprai'artaham vdvadtuif lim vad(/, says \\dsmi.\nI (ivadtsjU cannot refer to the subject of abhnyaikhyai and anyam must lefcr to almdnam.\n]\\ivadi^at maybe an intensiveaoi. subj or the injunctive ofa desid. Ironi the intensive,both\n,\nrare forms (Whitney, Sanshnl Chammar, §§ 1019, 1025). JSIlakaidha thinks this passage is\nnferrc^l to in the Moksadharma, NTbh., XIT, 10060, no doubt wiongly, see 1Kussen’s tians.,\np. pj.'l. T‘or af)/inyatkJiyaf, aldinyaib^at should certainly be read. 3'he confusion between\n/c/iyand ks isveiyf/equeut m all sorts of MSvS., cf. Weber,/W. TV, 273; Ilillebi.indl’s\nn A.ot /e >'s .Ao '.n ,S Xa Xn Xkh ,ay 2a 1n )a ;S Kr na au ut ca rS ,iit Ai /a d, nI aV v, a12 C, r1 h0 y; a15 Si, lt1 ); a,G po .bh xi xh xi\nv\n;(J Sr ch hy ea itS en ltr o. wt i, t/I ,,3 D, i1 e8 ( AO pl od kc fn yb pe hr cg,\nn\ndcs R^i^'veda, pj). 174, 175,and at gnat length in his forthcoming work, Znr Stammbildnm^^\niicc, on i:}cchra\\ /../>.Af.G., fv, 42; \\\\ackernngel, A/ijndneiie (itammatik^ I, 136; Epii^r.\nhid, IV, 122, piakhydhtam forp)akAlitam. TheNirukta, III, 20, already recognizes it and\nUses it in connecting k/iyd with D'jci. On the other hand T, a South Indian MS.,has the\ncorrect thougli jieihaps only by conjecture, Rajaiama gives the Inrm as Vedic for\nabhivyakhyat, and no doubt a coniused remembrance of such a form may have helped to\nkeep llie absurdity 111 the text when once it had foiced its way in. Vdvadisai he givi's as\nlet of ^/vad. Tor dimd he accejits the etymology from *Zat, the ‘motor’ or ‘vital loicc’.\nCeldner {Ffdise/ie Studien, ITT, 116, 117) adopts the etymology of Weber and Garbe (/bV\n.Sdrnkhya-Philowphie p. 293) of dtman from *s/at and so denoting (i) the wandering wind,\n(2) the santsdnn soul, whence come the other meanings, ^lerson, self, body, nature. It is\nrjuite possible that the soul and the wind were deemed to be closely connected there arc\n—\nplentyof p.arallcls but ofcouisc in this casewe cannot take samsarin in the technical siaise.\nT 28h 5e sm q.o )re pieu ls eu ra sl td oer di ev ia it \\i eon dtis maf nrom fro' mZa tn wo(Ro pt rh o) n, omw ih ni al le sD te eu ms s.sen N( o-4/ e/ xg p. haC ne .s ac th i. onde ar\ns\nyP ehi tl. o, ff1 e, rei d,\nis satisfactory, since none explains Vedic tmand, &c. (Wackernagel, Altindische Crammatik,\nI, 6r). llohtlingk’sconj.7uwadikt, ‘tosecifitreferredto anyone save himself,’ is good, but\nnotessential.\nThe commentatois all read brahma separately,and though the sensewould be much the\nsamethis isbetterthan totake brahmatatamam (with Stext)asoneword. The commentators\nand translators all agree it is for tatatamam, and Deussen compares dnrni^prapataram in\nCbandogya IJpanisad, V, 10, 6. We mayalsocompare ?ia7>amam —navalamam according to\nMax Muller m RV., V, 27, 3, see Oldenbcrg, .S.B.Pi., XL\\’I, 422) Varunavdyndtamam for\n^itatamam m V, 3, 2, though there the Jaiminlya Ppani'^ad lli.lhinana,1, 10, i, leads paii-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1564,
            "content": "^ , ;\n23^ AITAREYA ARANYAKA 11,4,3-\nIdamdra by name. Him who is Idamdra they call Indra” mysteriously. For\nthe gods love mystery.’^\nAdhyaya 5\n.\nIn inarH he isfrom the first as agcim.^ That seed is strength gathered from\nall the limbs and he thus beais a self in his self. When he connects the seed to\nthe woman, then he causes it to be boin. That is his fiist biith. The seed\nbecomes the selfofthe woman like one ofherown limbs. Therefore it huits her\nnot. She nourishes the self he has given her there. She, as nouiishcr, is to be\nnourished. The woman bears the geim. The man before the birth of the child\nand thereaftci ''' supports him. When he supports the cliild before its birth and\nyataiinm,and foi alarj.^e miinbei ofsomewhat similar (butoftendoubtful)cases,Wackema^rcl\nPA .lt Ai .nd Oi .si Sh .e\n,\ni Aj pr ni lim ,ni 1a 8t 9i 5k ,,^^ p.XXXVI ;I, A.i, Ji .i P8 .; ^M Xa Vc Id Ion ,el 4l 1, 6-V 4c 1d 8i .c Otlurwiscp ip t. m5 i8 g, h5 t9; beBl to ro am nf si le al td ed,\n‘just that’ in actoidance vvitli I‘.\"inini, V, 3, 93,for which use Bhagavata Buiiina, X,36, is\nalsocited ; so liohtlingk, and in( h.indogya,/.r,,'^iauaisnowread.\nTh hor eI pn hd rr aa seas ha eid ces oi cg cn ua rt sio mno Af id tt aim ca yn acf I. haI lI, im3 a, na7, ,n J. IIi ,. 43,Bo 1r :ad iia yri da im a, ksL ai l- evi, pap r. o1 k0 s7 a.\nmparok-\nui/.df/Ki hi dfvdh’, a similar but chaiaclcnsticallyslightlydifferent phrase occurs reiieatedlyin\nSatapatha Brrihmana,VI-X, but not in I-V\n;\nWeber, Jnd.S/u<i XTII, 268; X, 127. Cf.also\nIhhad.Iiany.ika fJpanisad, IV, 2, 2,whereIndraismjsleriouslycalledJndhaasthepersoninthe\nlight eje,for the same leason as heie. \\\\intemit/ {Ge^rh.dcr indiuh. Iiit I, 161 'l ha})pily\ncoinpau's the riddles foinul in the Rgveda, the Atharvaveda, and the Yajurvedn. The gods\nrequire amusement as well as reverence. So also the gods must have anim.als to play with\n(Macdonell, VcdicMythology,p.148; Oldenbcig, Pcltgio/tdcs Veda,p.74,andKeith,y'.A’..4 ..S’.,\n1907,p.936). Otlier examples ofohscuiity ate f^atapatha Brahmana, VI, i, i, 2; Vll, 5, i,\n22 (WinternU/., p. 177)- •'^bo Wintcinit/, Manttapdtha, I, xxix, n. Sankaia sums up the\nRsult of this clmpter in an interesting and polemieal discussion of the dtman as eteinal and\nunthinkable subject (U, pp.50-64, tians. by S.STiru.lma, pp. 39 .^9); but wbnt lie says bears\nratheronliissystemthanon the L'panisad. .SeealsoLevi,LaJhctnncduGaciijiic, p.38,n.6.\n* Sayana following .Sankara thus sums up the icsult of the Upanisad in the intioduction\nto this Adhjiiya. Tliere is (1) htahman undeveloped and truly real; (2) then adhydropa m\n(a) the fourteen wotIds in Inahmans egg, (b) virdj who regards the worlds as his body,\n(c) the indnyas arising in his body, (d) thepresiding deities, (e) the subjects of the indriya^\nincludingman, (f)thefoodofthedeities and its appropriation,(g)tlie thiee states ofthe self;\n(3) the apavdda, beginning with sajdtah and ending with the end of II,/|,3. This section\ntakes uji as regards other biiths than the present the qiicslion ofthe three slatesofthe soul.\nThis section seems to be referred to in the Moksadharma,Mhh.,XTI, 10862,and 9494. Cf.\nS.atapalhaBrahmana,XI,2,i,1; Levi,p.107. Fortheegg,cf.Gomper/,GreekThinkeis,I,93.\nThis simjile andearlynarrative should not,ofcourse,be exjdained by thepaliidgniiddyd\nns S.^nna proposes, but is much earlier in conception. Anandatiilha explains the whole as\na(jucstionofthediffeieiitmanifestationsof\\'isnu. Theedd.e.xeejit.SUatamaandUandRajarama\njtunctuafe at retas, hut the comm,.and theparallelism etad~tad etad qre.in favourofthe\notherpunctuation. Thesenseisthesame. Bohtlingk’scnam (-dtmanom) isnotesscnlial.\n’ 'J'hc commentators here differ, ^>ahka^a and Anandatirtha in his likd take (i)janmano\n'gre as ‘before buth’; (2) agra eva asjdtamdtram\\ (3) adhi as ‘after birth’. This seems\nprefeiable, except that r/g/a eva must he considered as explained \\)yjanmano 'gre, Ananda-\ntiitha in his bha)ya explains (1) as above; (2) as agryah, saivagiindg)yah\\ 1^3) adhi as"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1565,
            "content": "' ,\n-11.5 TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n233\nthereafter, he siippoits in tiuth himself, for the continuation of these woiUls.'*\nhor thus are these woiltls conlinucd. 'I'his is his second biith. This self* is\nappointed for holy deeds, 'I'he other self having done its duty and attained old\nage dcpait^, and departing hence is born again. This is his third biith.®\nA godp so .et s Aays bu( nR dV l. e, dI bV i, a/2 e7 n, i t) o, rts‘ W 1i et nh tri an int eh de mw eo ,mb b, utI ll ike ear ane hd awa 'l kl t 1he esr ca ac pe es dof swi ih lt ts lc\ny\ndownvvaid.’^ Varnadeva l}ing in the womb thus dcclaied this. Knowing this, he\nadhtkali'eRa. Slynna renders (i)Rgraei'aasptasavatptRi^€zhi\\ (2)janmano\\j^rcaspra:>avilii\nurdhvam ; 1^3) adhi asudhiktiivcna,aj)parentlyboriowuii^thisfioni Anandaliithabbha'^ya. I’lie\nseivices tiefoie and alter tdrlh which Rajarania Rain.xkisn.a Ithagavata alone rcco^ni/cs, as\nappaiently also Colebiookc, are explained as the noiiiisliing tlu“ mothei and pcifoimin^r the\nusual ceremonies before and after biith. It is just possible, howevei, that adhibhaihjyati is\ntheverb, and the lefeienccisonlytowhatisdone befoie bath. Ilohtlingkomitsa^)aeva,\n^ Contrast the late and elaborate passage m KaiisTtaki Upanisad, Jl, 15. I'he i)assage,\nJaiminija Upanisad Rirdimana, ill, 11, is fundamentallydifferent.\n® thatistheson. Thefollowingpassageisquotedby.Sahkaiaon Biha<laian)akaUpanisad,\nP- .^)07 ;\n® Safikaia explains that as father and son aio one dtntan (cf. V*, 3,3), the three births aie\ncorrect, Sayana says either (i) the dtiiiati being one, it has thiee biiths,two as son, one as\nfather; or (2) thetwo birthsofthesonhave analogies inthe case ofthe father and thatof the\nlather in the case of the son, so that each has thiee biiihs. The thud biith is taken bythe\ncommentators as lebiith in heaven, hell, or in the woild of men. Probably, as theie is no\n])roof that the Upanisad knows the doctrine of transmigration, it refeis to being born in the\nnext world, an idea familiar m the Ihahmanas (cf. Macdonell, I’edii My/holoi^y, jip. 16S, iCy\n^ansk}it lAtTEtitiue, pp. 223, 224) which diilersessentially from transmigration, i.e. bntli into;\nLth ei vs i,wo ppr .ld 96a ,ga ni .n, 1,s 9e 7e ,U n.en is ;se 1n l, ilP leh bi il ao ns do tp ,hi Wc 'ddcr A/yU /p hm ,us IIh ,a Sd ;s, cop np l. ia,294 C, eld2 n9 c5 r; ,R V. cd1 i'. s, cp hp e. S3 i2 u5 dis cq n^;\nII, 288; Pohtlingk, Siiihs, Per., 1893, p. 92. Lor 7>ayo-,i;ci/ci, see Wackern.agel, AUindisthc\nilramrnatik, II,1, 190.\n^ ThisvciscISvciyobscuie in thisconnexion. .Sankara,Anandatiitha,andSfiyanaall explain\nitasrefeiiingtotheinnumerable bodies thiough which Vainadcva liad passed until lieoblaiiicd\nthioughknowledge. This meaningeannotbe got liom the passage. The context sceiiib\ntoshow thatitonly meansthat Varnadeva knewthethiee biilhs ot atntan, and so escaped and\nbecame immortal. 'i'lic doctrine of ntiikli is not appauntly known to the wiiter of the\nXU Pep Xia gn Wai Iis ga ,nd e.\n,\nPIf eli .t wc Wi Ue L, ,it Iw Io I,ul 3d 22b ;ema Lgd ge idc il nea gr ,. SI* P01 Et .h ,e Xni Xta Vn Ii ,ng x\\o ,f t n.he iv ;ers Re otin h,the A.or Ii ).gi An /al (r /f.\nXVI, 1-243 ,53; wholli el xlc pl li ar ia nn sdt, thePcd i. nytlA i/ly al sh , ic1 f, cn2 i8 n2 g; ta ond Agic is i[ .)ceia Wl hly enI'. tl ho eomf ci le ol id n, lJ i. sA. lO e. n> t>. m,\nthe storm, the lightning i^^iycuA) bieaks fiom the cloud and simultaneously the Soma flows\nupon the earth. Sayana in his Rgvedic commentaryfollowsthis passage. (Jn RV., IN'\", 26, i,\n.Sayana says that Varnadeva, who liad m his mothei's womb the knowledge of Brahman, sets\nfoith that knowledge of the identity of himselfand Brahman, in the versesaham Alatnir, &c.\n(so SatapathaBrahmana, IV, 4, 2, 2r and 22V So[.Sayana]onAlhaivaveda, XVIIT, 3, 15; sa\nkhalu garbhavastha eva sann utpannatattvajfbinah szuisya sdrvdlmyam ami<;amdadhaH. Sieg\n{^Dte Sagenstoff'e des Pgi'cda, pp, 76 sq.j holds, no doubt, rightly ihat the idea is not found\nin the RV’. passage, but no conclusion as to the prioiity of the .S.atapatha Brahmana,\ncan of couibe he drawn bum the fact that no ineiilum is theie ma<le of the legend, which\nmay quite well have been known to the .Satapatha, though not icfcircd to. Ills veisiou"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1566,
            "content": "^ ,\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA\n234 II,\nstepped foith after the dc^t^uction”of the body, and having enjoyed all delights\nin the world ofheaven he became immortal.®\nAdhyaya 6\n.\nWho is he’ whom we meditate on as the sclf?^ Which is that self? That\nby w'hich one secs, by which one hears, by which one smells scents, by which\none foims ‘^|)eecli, by whith one disciiminates sweet and sour? That which is\nthe hcait andthe mind,’’ perception,injunction,understanding, know'ledge,wisdom,\nvision, fiimness, thinking, considering, helping, memory, resolution, wall, breath,\nlove, and desire?* All these are only names of knowledge.^ That (self) is\n(l)p.SSS(|,cf.rischcl, VctliiifieS(i(dien, I, Jii sq.'^ofthisversetakesthelastpartasmeaning,\n‘Tliencametlieeagle; tliioiigh the swift one {ja7>aulas an adj.) I escaped,’the speaker being\n(as in IV, iS; Irulra himself. Sieg reconstructs the myth as one in which Tndra even before\nbath desires lordshipover the gods, who thcrtfoie tiy tirist to prevent his birth and then seek\ntorestiainhim,untilheescapesliytheeagle’said. \"I'lusisveryingeniousbutnotproved.\n“ Sa)Tial)/i(VtddtaccoidingtoAnandatiitha. Afterdeath,.Sankaiaand.Sayana. This seems\nentnin andisfollowed bythetiaiislatorsincludingSitaramaandRajaiama.\n\" The end of this section is, Sayana says, to produce disgust with the body and with\nthe series of lives undergone by the unenlightened. There is no trace of this in theoriginal.\nKajaiamaKamakrsiia ilhrigavnta has anoiiginalviewofthis section (ed.,Tlombay, 1898,p. 7),\nlie lakes it ns dealing with (.a) the seminal soul which as Iraiisfciied has its first biith,\n(h) the second hiith as a luiman being, (c) death and rest in the indestructihle heaven.\nT‘ h'I i' she vt eh ii sr id onsl oe lep thi es t Uh je nans il .e se ap d—of tld ie oua gt hh cb oe lg oi un rn ei dng byin Ct hh ri is, stia an nd ie nn fd li uen ng cei sn —t vh ee th se ea ev me snly tow mor eld. t'\no\nrecognize the fact that tran'^migralion is not lefeiicd to. Siniihiily he derives from II, 4, 3\nthatthehumanbrainiseiitere<lbythehighestspiritandsobecomesworthyoflife.\ntran‘ slT ath ei ds ‘A wd oh ry sa hy ia p’is orth ‘e sef ii vn ia cl e*a .nsw Ce or let bo rot oh ke cq lu ae ks et sio in ts\n:\np ‘r Wo hpo as ted is; tu hip sds sm oa uh Pe tm ha aty wa elso mah ye\nworship him.’\n“ Max Muller and Pohtlingk read koyam but Sankara undoubtedly look it as ko 'yam ;\nand though awkward the constiuction is not impossible, cf. KV., Vlll,4,(i\\J.A.O. S'., X\\',\n257. Katcnah no doubt refers to the two views ot dtman hinted at in IT, 4, 3 and here\ndevelopedasamerespiritoracentralfunction.\n^ The idea that tlieie is one cenlral function is clearly heie developed, and this denial\nthat the senses,See. aie essentiallydifferent is cieditable to the thought ofthe Upanisad. ft\ni Is ’.t ih he adu rl ie ra and ye av ke alo Up pe ad nii sn adt ,he T,T/ 5,ic 3a ,c wM hut i, ch18 i4\ns\ns tq h. e; fR ae mp ou ubl sic a, ss5 e3 rt3 ios nip thaC tf. itKa iu ssi bt yak mi aU up aa sni msa ad n,1 s1 e1 cs;\na Innd dah ye aar ms.. and.S mee auD ae sus as sen b, tido dp h. ic ai nt. d, mj) a. na24 s6 ,; buK t. .T Sa, nkp a, ra27 r3 e. garS da sy ta hn ea me an sde oa nv eo .urs Tht eo cd oi ns sc li ii um ci ln ia ot ie\ni\niscleailyastakeninthetranslation,though KoerandSTl.aramadifTcr.\n* That these teims, which icmiml us of the later meaningless Buddhist repetitions, had\never any definite meanings is most impiobablc. .Sankara rendeis them thus: sant/ilduam\n( vt i( ca dn ha db =hd yv ra ah u, thd aji di hd dn ra am ua~ ^U dv ma ar ta tb hh yd av mah , drv si tyi ii ran =a im nd— rk ia yl ad dd vi dp ra dnj sf ai rd in Ha im vi, )ap yr oa paj lf ai bd dn ha im h, p dr ha rj ld ia rtd ~\ndhd)(inam, matir- mauauam, manf, ul=svdtantryam,jutis —cela^o rujddfduhkhttvabhdvaJi,\nsnnith -smaranam, samkalpa/j hiklakty/ddibhdvena samkalpauam rupddindm, krainr^\n(idhyavdulyah asuh=prdnanddijfvanakriydnimittd vrltih, kdmah =asummhifavi^aydkdnk^d\nt;yja,zvifir//-, simvyatikarddyabhildsali. Anandatirtlia’sexplanationsarc,morder,.samyak/fidna,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1567,
            "content": "II, 6 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 235\nhrahmani Indra, Prajapati, all the gods, the five great elements,^ earth, air, ether,\nwater, lights,.all these and those which are mixed with small as it were,*^ seeds of\n\\arioiis kinds, born of eggs, born from the womb, boin fiom heat,® born from\ngerms/® horses, cows, men, elephants, and all that breathes, whether it walks or\natatajfidna\n^\n7<ividhaJ/li7na, prakj avisp)’^(ajndna^ daiiana^ dharana,mdsnpraffidncsii\ntatatviin niatih brahmddnidm Hafvant, san<ttp?t'nimi, utr^’csu deiakdlt-ui sva>iipesu ai satnain\n^\nraviatc^ satV(ii'/p/i\\ sarvnkatrh'am auina, amrtilnanda^ S7<ufaiitfa/ra. S.l\\ann, borrows tiom\nboth; he refers sanijfidmini to satnyak^ vicdha togranthatadajthadlidianam ,;{<hJt tojai'iis 01\nas in Sankara, sainkalpah to a^amhine 'pi vaduni samyaktveua kalpauam ; for the rest he\nfolhnvsfaithfullySankara. Kajatama icndcis: ‘eonscioii'.ness,diicction,sagacity,intelligence,\nretentive power, understanding, courage, power of thinking, freedom of thought, intrepidity,\nmemory, will, capacity, \\italily, ambition, obedience.’ Ilohtlmgk makes these subjects and\nptiijildnetmin piedicate.\n“ This may faiily be construed as an assertion of the pic-eminence of knowledge. 'The\npiarallel passage in the Kausltaki Upanisad, III, is cleaily later, for it combines elaboiately\nthedoctrineofprana («^ee II, 1-3,above) andthatofprajfld. Therelationscannot bereveised.\n® I’ossibly masculine as Sankaia, AnandalTrtha,and Sayana think,followed by Colebiookc,\nKoer, SItaiama, P.ajaiama, Ma.'cMuller, llohtlingk,and Dcussen. but this is not necessaiy nor\nlikely in viewofthe neuter below,and brahman (m.i is not found .as a deity m the Aitaie\\a\nbr.lhmana (but only as jiiiest, p. 6<S). 'I'he occmrcnce m Maitrayani Somhita, II, 9, i, is\ninterpolated, V.Schioeder, ///rZ. ///,,p.91,n. 1. Muir, Sansk. 7h\\/i, V, 323, (iinls the masc.\nin various Satapatlia passages, unnecessarily, but it ocv-iiis, c.g. Kausltaki IJpanivid, 1, 3.\nd'hemasc.isnatuialand ishelped by thefollowingmasc.\ndhis jiassage is itlicd on by Dcussen (op. cit,, p. 16S; K.T., pp. 186) in supjioit\nofhisview (accepted by Macdtmell,SamAni Ij/eniitoc, p[). 217sej, and Wintcinit/, (JiSih.drr\ntndisch. fid., T, 205) of the lateness of the Aitaieya I'lianisad. but there is nolhing in the\ne\\[)ression itself to demand a late date, anti the fact that the version in the Upanisad of the\ncieation is so detailed, instead of being a jiroof of lateness, may rather be coiisideied a sign\nof eaily date, when the cieation still was considered a real act and the doctiiiic of the\nomnipresence of laalunan as consciousness was not so fully developed. 'I'he passages,\nbihadainil)aka Upanisad, I, 4, 7; Chandogya Ujiamsad, VI, 2,3, both contain a reference to\nname and form, a conception familiar to buddfiisrn but not a[)parently at all eaily. 'I'lie\nTaittiiiya, H,b, is evidently a incic UiUtne of a well-known doctiine. but that Upanisad\nbears cons])icuous traces of lateness; indeed it alieady ipiotes Siokas very often and becomes\nquasi-nielncal, while it know'S the Atharvringiiases (IJ, 3) and has a much developed theoiy\nof the koias ofdlman. For the elements {iiKaia empty space), see bohtlingk,d,aih';. fur.,\n1900,pp. 149-151 ; Keith,/.K.A.S., 1909,July.\n^ Mixed with small pSankara). /j'irhecnllsmtaningless. Uf. I, j, 2,11.3; III,2,6. ‘Mixed\nfiom smaller ])oitions (of the former)’ is Koer’s version, which is no doula tin* sense. 'I’he\nothers ofvarioussoits areopposedtothe gic.atelements. (Jolcbrookehas; ‘joinetlwithminute\nobjectsandotherseeds.’\n” .Sankaraexplains yftkddJniwhicliAnandatlithaaciepts. .Sayanarenderskriniidatniddini.\nTheword does not occur in the Ch.andogya Upanisad,\\I, 3, i, but it is impossilile to accept\nthat as a valid proof of later date since such lists (ef. those of the ptanas^ T, 3, 7; 4, i)\nvary enormously in the same book. In jdrujdni, cf. jdrn, Jaimmlya br.lhmana, II, 430, 6\n(/.A.O.S., XIX, 100); Bohtlingk’sjardyti is not necessary. For a similar list cf Anugit.l,\nMbh.,XIV, 1134.\nRendered by .Sankara vrk^ddtnt, by AnandatTrtha hhuvani hhiitvdjdtdni ftndidTni, and\nbySayanatarnynlniddini. Rajaramahas‘shool-boin’. The form isnormal and is notacase"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1568,
            "content": "y\n236 AITAREYA ARANYAKA II, 6-\nflics, and what is immovabl<\\ All that is guided by knowledge, it rests on\nknow’ledge. 'I'he world is guided by know^ledge. Knowledge is its foundation.'^\nKnowledge is brahman. Ile’^ by his knowing self having left this w’orld and\nhaving obtained all delights in the world ofheaven became inimoital.\nAdhyava 7.\nMy speech rests on mind, my mind on speech. Be thou revealed to me.'\nof jy~dy for udbhtdyii (of. Schcftelowit?, Zur Stammbilduni^ in den indo-i^ermantseben\n.spyillhen^ § 10).\n** 'i'hc (gicbtion is whether this justifies an attiilnilion to the author of the doctrine that\nknowledge alone exists, ft is quite open to aij^ue that we only are gi\\en the doctrine that\nthe world is gnuled by knowledge, xvhich leaves us with a final dualism. I think ]>rohably\nthe author went fuithei and intended to asscit the origin of all tiom knowledge, cf. 11, f.\nJt so, he leprcsenls ex.rclly the later Bhagavata view,^ perhaps that of Badaiavana, of the\nnatuie oflealily. 'i’he self, en god, is conceived as treating the material woild as a icalily,'’\nbut the exact nature of the creation is left vague. The rtlation of baalunan and dlman is\nlikewise left vague, a mere identification siuh as may have been meant being of little value.\nButofcoutsenoneof the(jueslioiis ha<l}etclearlypresented themselves. Cf.Thibaut,S.B.E,^\nXXXIV,xtviisq, XLVIII,Intiod forRamanuja’sview,andmyreviewsofDeussen’sPhilosophic\nder l.pafmhiidi,J.; R,./..S’., 1906,, pp. 590sq.,andofhis Merphilosophmhc P'extCy/.R.A.S.,\n1907, j)j).462 s(|.; Grieison,y. W..S’., 190S, p.361. R.ajarama reiideisptajMna ‘source of\nintelligence\n^\nJA rc vc Aou dh 7'n irg mto a.S ea dn hk iai ia s, at phi ps arr ee nfe tr ls yto thV eai cn oa nd ee cv ta, les ae de in1 g1 ,, b5.\nut the secondJrvVisverycurious.\nSayana escapes the tlilficulty byequatingthe Civtrtos^ujpfaltlUtmbrahtnacailanyainand taking\nit as a vocative, the rcndeimg iii'lr cdhiaspiakatlbhava, which (though followed by Colc-\nbrookc) is unfortunately(juite irnjiossible. The phrase \\/<zi,&c. is not at all rate, e.g.\ndR oV u. b, tT r, ig3 h1 t, ly,3: bhi ah vn ar h^b sh eo eva OldI e' ni bvJ es rv ga ,fe S.( Bw .h Ee .ie yXB Ier Aga Ii ,g 2n 5e ), ;R Ie ,l. 146V ,AL 4;, I1 V, ,3 l5 o, ,8eon (j =ec At Vu .ie ,s, XXn ,o\nf7 t7 ia> ht^ i) vc» i,b\nVll,\n1V 0, 3,I, 8;9: AV( .Iv ,it .y Xld lb ,m ia ,i 6c 0a ,t au nta dni io h'b irab ih iu z’t ih ra e\\ dhV i, (2 a, s9 re: .i( dAg ii nii K) )av wi or ulv diiv ba eni pek rt fet cn ti lt yc\nnatuial, but could hardly have been corrupted into the traditional text. I would suggest that\nwehavehere m external combination an example ofthe working of thetendency whichcauses\nts in internal combination to be lengthened where it is pait of the stem (e.g. f/i/7 /, jnyr?//,\nsee Macdonell, Wdu Ctammar., p. 10; Wackeinagel, Altindischc Gramtnatik, T, 42,43; II,\n1, 126). This ]vointmaybe noted in favourofthe view thatmdvjsthef'/risjiart ofthestem\n(cf.St.J\\'iersbnrgJ)itliotiaty,s,v.). WiththewholeshouldbecomparedManavaCbhyaSutra,\nI,4,4: which h.asz’ati memanaiiptatisthildmanomez'Ciciptatisthilamdviroyurmayidhehi\nvidasya 7uhuh (sic) sthah, and, piecedmg all this,after the woidsptdk svi^takrlo Uhajapati^\nthe wouR >tarn vadi^ydmt to the end. The reading vdmh is no doubt wrong, bc.ng a\neoiiuption of ma dni by Sandhi, mdm with h incorrectly icstorcd (it ofcourse w^ould in any\ncase in most MSS. disappear befoie sth). it appeals from Knauei’s Crit. Note (p.6) that\n^ Cf.RajaramaRamakrsnaBhagavata’sed.,p.7, wherehe findsinIT,6thedoctrine thatall\nhasItssourceinthehighestsjiiiit.\nCf.\\Nindelband,HistoryofPhilosophy pp. 252sq."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1569,
            "content": "-H, TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n7 237\nYou are the two pins^ of the Veda. May my lore forsake me not. I join day\nand night with what T have learned. I will proclaim the real, 1 will proclaim the\ntrue.\"* May this protect me, may this protect the teacher. May it protect me,\nmay it protect the teacher.\nvdnjh is a conjecture ofhis; the textMSS. in I,4,4havecitlierzulnd^torzul/iT, while, ibid. S,\nall s.ive one {zuhio/'fi') have VthiT. Only tme P.addhati (cf. j).iv) has zulnfrii,obviously an error\nfor z'dnoffi (which of course (cf. V, 1,6, n.4') is the Sandhi ofzulnt oiti)^ if it is not a mere\nmisreading of the MS. Theie is thus no real sufiport for zuliilh (^how exactly Dr. Knauer\nwould lake it, T am not sure\\ and in the Manava Grh)a Sntra (lie simple Sandhi nidtnui\nsf eor e Knauer,p.i xs xa kc it xu )a .lly Pf ro ou bn ad bli yn mI, dn3, l2 le.( as do ta ols to heI, in9 o, ie11 in: lev di l' ii gf ia) bld cu\" (^^ lo\\ t1 h, ei si c, ri1 b6 e: )vv di tii iv .ddi,&c.,\nfor &c., Knauer, who does not notice theAitarcya ]>assagc, <juotcs P.iiaskara firhya\nS Au tt hr aa i, va1 v, cd3, a,25 X; IX,lai 6l 0t ,ir 1l .ya TS ha em rh eita is, aV ls, o5 t, he9, pa2 r; allT ea lit vt ei ri sT iy oa nA ii na Sn ay na kk ha .av( aA nn adh Ar ra anvt aex kt a),\n,\nVX I, I,72 r;\n,\nwherevedauhnatuninth takestheplaceofzu'dasya,&c. Thismayperhapsmean ‘hidden in but\nj (i or lo eb ba ib ol oy kw c,e wha hv oe ca om me mr ee ntc sor or nupt ti heon u; sese oe fm My ant tra rn asl aa sti ao pn p. liT cah be leMa tn ot pr aa rs ta or fe an no Ud po au nb it sao dl ,d rei ei no du eg il si ,.\n‘Maymyspeech befoundedonunderstanding, andmymind bentteiilivetomyuttciaiice.’\n^ Ananayasatnatthe, Sayana. C'olebiookc renders, ‘For my sake (<> speech and mind')\nappioachthis IWia ;’ perhajisleadingiiuhiu. Di. Scheftelowilztakesitas‘navel 'J'he word\nin the Kgv’edn, T, 35,6,&c. (cf.Macdonell, /WAV Giammai\\ p. 39^ seems to refei to thepmof\n(t ch fe .* Max p hl f ie a tJ no i cf d ysa ,ih Sc aa mr nt a s, ky ra in b td e Lat rh ose e vm c noe nnt ada rp ,ph §eo r .r s So Si 9ns , ;na o Wt r 'u ei a ba el rp ,rc o /m b >n l Vi ;e 7ig u .h a .Sl; Vi Acc .f ,. tl 1I i Six 9in d 5i ,m ja pj .cn rn 8s, 3on 0A ^V b. oa rsl ei ad noi of en, n. o.p a r. f f3 a o1 l r. se pia an ha dl so tg ly\n.\nPiecisely the same dilTcience of rending occurs in Khila, IV,8, 5, {1Htdm me ma pin hddh^\nwherePeterson'sMS. h,iS hdsJt,and cf. Manava SrautaSutia, H, i, 2,36(/;dj/7) with daittinya\nSamhita, TTl, i, J, 2 {hdsllp^ in the same phrase, dtk'^e md md hdsiJi), and in ITiranyakcsi\n(Irhya Sntra, T, 6,20, i,yatJuhat foryathdsah (Oldenberg, .S’ li.A'., XXX, 189). Scheftelowilz\nrenders: ‘das vcm inir Clehoite moge man nicht verspolteii vermiltcls des Frleinten,’ taking\nhdsih from ^/kas. d'hc long d would ])e unusual, but in any case a derivation fiom V/zd\nseems prefc.Mlde m point of sense and is suppoitcd by Athaivavcda, VI, 41, 3; Taittiii}a\nAianyaka,TV,42 (AnandaArnmaed., p]) 352, 355). The translation will be litcially: ‘O lore,\nforsake me not,’ reading Uuta, peihaps, as the notn. is unusual, and the neuter voc. is\nperfectly well supported (cf. Delbruck, Altindtsihe Syntax, § 66), and the reading irnta me\nis easily corrupted into frutam me, cf. Lanman’s note on Whitney, Atharzni I'eda, XVJll,\n2, 3; Whitney, P.A.O.S., Oct, 1S87, p. x\\v, and my note in J.K.A.S., 1907, p. 225,\nalthough the nominative can stand, cf. W’lnternil/, Alanlrapdtha, J, p.xviii.'• For the sense\ncf. Atharvav^eda, 1, i, 4; TaittiiiyaUjianisnd, I,4, i.\n* From here to the end this is identical with the Taitlirlya I'panisad, Siks.lvalli, I, r or\nTaittiriya Aranyaka, VIT, r, it The sense of ahoiat/dn is no doubt, ‘I work all day and\nnight,’ as .Sayana takes it. Colebrookc renders, ‘ Day and night may 1 beholtl this, which\nIhavestudied.’ In III, 1, 2,thencut. isused.\n“ Coinpaie,however,sdksyewhich Whitney,no doubt rightly, reads inAtharvaveda, TI, 27,\n5, although the foim elsewhere is always sa/\\ye, and IIT, i, 6, n. 5. Ahaut, given as mily\ngiammatical by Whitney {Paoti, p. 203), is.found in the Dasakuinaracarila (Buhler, /nd.\nAnt., XXIII, 147).\nSecalso mynote in/.A’,^1,.S’., 1908,pp. 1124 sip"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1570,
            "content": "^\n238 AITAREYA ARANYAKA III, I, I-\nARANYAKA\nIII\nAdhyaya 1.\nNfxt comes the Upanisad ofthe Samhitfi text. The formerhalf’ is the earth,\nthe latter halfthe heaven, theirunion the air, says Mandfikeya. The union is the\nether,^so proclaimed Maksavya. ‘For it is not considered independent, and so\nI do not agree with his (Mflnduka’s) son,’ he said. ^They are alike* and it is\nconsidered independent,’ said Agastya; for the air and the ether arc both alike.\nSofar as regards thedeities. Nowasregards theself. ‘Theformer halfisspeech,\nthe latter half the mind, their union is the breath,' so said SuravTra Mandukeya.\nThen said his oldest son, ‘The former halfis mind, the latter halfis speech. For\nby mind one first resolves and then utters speech. Therefore is mind the first\nhalf, speech the second half, and tiutli their union.’ It is indeed alike ’ with both,\nfather and son. This compact of mind, speech, breath, is like a chariot'^ with\nthree horses. lie who knows thus this union, obtains children,' cattle, fame,\n^ e.jr* i” - Ri i''puii'a) f ttlta)arupaRi niul mt Sninhita (S.lyana).\nall this Aranyaka, cf. .Sanl<h.i}nna Aiany.aka, VH, VllI, prinlc<l in Appendix, and iny traiib-\nlalion, pp. 41-56.\n2 Akdiii IS rendered ‘voifl' by Holulinj^dv in his tr.inslalions of Chandofrya and Bihadara-\nnyakaUpanisads; .see IT, 6,n. 7,contra,Whitney, P.A.O.A.,Oct., 1S90,p.Ink\nThis is not at all easy. A/rnc (like dadrie^ if, 1,3; seems totie jiassivc, because it\nis difficult to make out a translation cither as uiitUivan (Sajana) or manyc (AnandalTrtha).\nThe subject must be vayuh^ and the sense must lie as in Sa\\nna (cf. .'sankara on Taillirl}a\nUpanisad, lit, 10, 4; Max Muller, XV, 68,n. 1) that is included in dhAa and\ntheicfore is infeiinr to it. Anandatirtlia takes putrena as rcfeiring to the fact that dkdia is\nthe father ot rdyn. The sul^equcnt identification he explains on the ground that vayu is\nthe stronger. In 'I'aittTiiya Ujianisad,T, 3, 2,the earth,sky,cthei (— -n/zA?; Sank.iia) and\nviiyii are given as the tour factois. A^ya is obscuic: it may be a gin.- dat. and icier to\nM.nndnkeya, or possibly a vague reference(cf. RgvedaPiatisfikhya, I, 2) to the subject,helped\nbysuchgenitivesasthatinV, i, i.\n* Sanidncisncut., probablyliccauscmateisnn<lcrstood,orpelhapsit is fern. The solution\nis that the two views are equallycorrect,because in npd^ands it is not things but words that\nare considered (S.lyana). Anandatirtha lightly takes the last woids as giving the opinion of\nMahaitareyn.' OtherwisetheymustbeAgastja’sinwhichhe coiicuis. MaxMullerreads,asS,\nieti,l)ut itisnotin 11ortheotherM.SS. and itismerelyamisunderstandingofthecommentator.\nThey give a similar result, and so aie alike, and equally justifiable, ua hy updsand\nTastulattvam apekmie. Formanasandvac,secL^vi,LaDoitrineditSacrijitc,pp. 30, 31.\n« Visnu is made the subject by AnandatTitha. The real sulijcct is clearly the meditation\non the Samhita. For three horses, cf. RV., I, 39,6; 100, 17; VT,47, 24; MIT, 7, 28. The\nmetaphor recurs constantly in different foims in .Sanskrit J.iteiature, e.g. Mbh., XIV, 1427sq.\n'I’he analogy with the JViacdni^, 246,isobvious. For mnihatah cf. IsV., Til, i, 7I Cjcldncr,\n]'edt^theSludua, I, 164.\n’ AnamlaUitha reiideis the childicn asptajildna, and the cattle as Vedas. .Siyana with"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1571,
            "content": ",\n-III. I. 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 239\nglory, and the world of heaven, lie lives all his days. So teach the Maildu-\nkcyas.®\n2. Then comes (the teaching) of Sakalya.' The first half is the earth, tlie\nsecond halfthe sky, their union is rain, Paijanya is the uniter. Thus it is \\vhen\nhe rains strongly and continuously for day and night, then people say, ‘Earth\nand heaven have united. So far as regards the deities. Now as regards the self.\nSaiikar.i regank this Upanisad as intended for personswho are neither fit for mnk(t (It,4-6)\nnorevenforunion with lliianyagarbha (II, 1-3).\n« Thissection givesustheviewsofceitnin M.andr.keyas. TheMandrikcyas occur in Kgvrda\nST r mcr e yha pt c r ri f es et s. e vei l n ik o t eh w wy i p ,a t a /, z r ., ts§ R/J .oi2 Aft0 ‘ .0 tA, h Sp eioa r ,kn 1r Sd 9.y 0np ii 7pn h ,h^ i pt n t ph a .e ,dc 2bsP 2ui 6tIn \\ sia o q; fn ..va c Uda l Tt , dr ha cj e>d n.i b wt i ei o2 ro , rgn dh ’. sa( Us^ r pW el ae vel nivi ie ei sr wv, a,cd dCI ot ir th nJ te. , tht y. il eS sK l/ H .w .), .r/ A c. y, ctmt ihI oaI n,t, c1c l91 e e00 i a7t0 r,a li ys pn< ]| i mo . ef; 2 a1t nI h SI seI S, ‘(K ] sh . ei , cl a ra n es d\nt\ndoctrine’, dins is certainly the earliest senserifthe woid (derived, nodoubt, from teaching in\ntheforest, whichwasdoneforthesakeofsecrecy,cf. Intiod., p. 15). Tcannotaccept Dciissen's\nview{Philosophic der Upanishads, pp. 13sq.) that the earliest sense was ‘secret woid’ (acase\nliketajjaldn,See),then‘secicttext’,then‘secretsense’ofaiitualaction. 'I'hcearliestsensemay\nwell have been ‘secret meaning’ ofa ritual action, whence it seems to metheothermeanings\nare veiy easily derived. Dcussen’s thcoiy is bound up with his view of the Ksntri>ns as\nwp ir toi hi Do eu un sde sr es n,o hf owa evese rc ,ie at ndlo wr ie, tha Ws int to eiw nh ii tc zh {Gc cf s. diI .nt dr co rd in, dp ip u. h.50 /is /( fj. .,; l,H 2I 08, ,12 1, .)6 i, nn r. ejej cj t. ingI f)a lg di ee n-e\nbcig’sview{Z.D,Al.G.,L,458s(].)ofllpanisadasupii\\ami. .See,however,alsoZ.DAhG,, IdV,\n7os(j A., ma un dd dlM ea dx vM eu il sl ie or n’s ov fi te hw ism se1 c8 t6 i9 o, nR op cv cc ud rsuF inult tt hi eil Klc gh vy en, dap. Pi iv a; tkH ro i] k) hk )i an .s, I,Kd 2;.0 3/In Ad li ua h, dp r. dc21 y8 a. h’\nfs ^a an si tyh oit 'a vm tpl au ni hy du rm aia nha lal dal th vd aid ||ui 2/ |n\n|\na( dds hy ya d/nA iI ad hk lu pn tay ua ^n n< ra av\\ Js ra am hdnatain\n“\n(a ani vl de nin nh an nh aa sr oe io ia dvn ai da at nv ld y-\nd Sen cup Mu an xyc Mu\\ ls la en rd ,he pi p.v mi -v va iH .ana '1m heni Si ab nh ki hi aj yam anv aad la inn st ,i \\i Ia In ,d 2d ,ha ak n'- aa ln tu cmi [d )) tan aa tni anla ip mi pa ut ni en dnai vn eis|| io3 nH\nreading in one paiilnn(ah in both cases. Pohthngk, inthe smaller I, 130, rendcis\navipaiihrtaas‘identic’, but thismakesnosense. 'Phelefeiencein thePrruis.akhya isofcourse\nvaluableasgivingSaunaka’sdateasatominusadquern forthelowestdateofthe Aianyaka.\ny\nbe* foI rt ere af .ers Ato fot uh ie thea ps ae rto yf ii sko iny ta rn odua cd e, d.P.i .ni Sn ai k, alV )aT, m6 u, st77, ofi. cc o. uiw sl oie br ee v to hewe gl rs eal tik ge ri amb me ac no am ne\nto whom the Samhitd is ascribed, and tins gives usnot a veryancient date for this Upanisad.\nPut it need not have been wiittcn long after .Sakalya. Rather it seems to be caily. for\nSakalya’s date see Introd., p. 71. lie must piobablygo back to 700it.c. (ieldner {Vedisihe\nStudicn,III,144sq.)considcis that.Sakalyamust beidenticalwith Vid.igdha.Sakalyamentioned\ni ln Att eh ie aiS ma et ^ap pa .th 3a 3)Pr aa nh dtn ia dn ea n, tifX iI e, d6 w, it3 h; tX hI eV, ma6 k, e9 r^ os fee thW ecb pe ai d, apI an td h, aS b( yiuL t, heIX \\, dy2 i7 i7 Ig ’q u. ia; naInd Ti Xan\n58. He was thereforeacontemporaryofAruni and V.T.jfiavalkya in opposition to Oldenbeig’s\nview{Proltxomcna, op. 371 sq.) which lefcrshim to the end of the Piahinanapeiiod.'^ Weber\n(I.c.) thinks that Sdkala in the Aitaicya Pi.ihmana, III, 43, 5, refers to his scheol, Init llic\n^ sutds,whichiswronginfact, illustratestheinaccuracyofthereiiroduclion.\n^ Gcldncr evidently takes a much morerespectfulview ofthe antiquityofthese sages than\nI would. Ithinkitipiitepossible toholdthat.Sakalya and theybelong alike tothe end ofthe\nPiahmana period. On the other hand 1 think lloernh’sdating ^Osl<vloj;y,pp. 106sq.) wrong;\nseeZ.IJ.AI.G., 1908, pp. 138, 139\n;\n/A\\A.S 190S,p.368."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1572,
            "content": "y\n240 AITAREYA ARANYAKA III, I, 2-\nEvery man is egg-like,'^ there are two halves, they say ;® this is the earth, this\nis the lieaven, and between them is the ether,just as there is the ether between\nearth and heaven. In this ether^ the breath is fixed, as is the air in that ether.\n—\nreference is loo fir-fclchcl to bewoitli consideration indeed such comparisons hinder rather\nthan aid jnogress. 'I'he evidence of the Vayii Purana is worthless. Identifications arc easy\nand obvious, and we cannot tell that we have a jnece oftradition at all. The fact that the\nAitaieya Ihrihnianadoesfollowtherule of.Sakalya(Panini,VI,i, 128),thatabeforerbccohies\na easa en .d t Ah sat Gea ldm na ey rr ae dm ma ii tn s, ,c ta hn eno Rt V.ji —ro av ne dth t. hat e. AS ia tk aa rl cy ya ai Bs rp ar hi mor ant ao ii st: inth te hei scv ac mi esc pm osa iy tiob ne —t dh oe\nnot follow his rule (VI, i, 127) asto / u before dissimilarvowels,andwe are left with grave\ndoubts whetherGeldnei’s view thatSakalyawas merely to Panini the authorofthepadapatha\nand author of the Prativakhya is sound. d'he fact therefore remains that when Aitareya\nPrahmana, 111,46, recognizes bhavdsi utihhih as the proniintiation, it cannot have befoic it\nSakalya’s text, unless we admit (which is too bold) that the Samhita is later than Sakalya.\n1 piefer, therefore, Oldcnberg’s date of .Sakalya, and 1 would lay stress on the fact that m\nthe Aranyaka he is Sthavira .Sakalya,^ in the Biahmana Vidagdha. These names are too\ndistinct to permit ofidentification. The Sakalya of the Pratisakhya is likewise ,Sthavira and\nmustbethesameasthemanhere.**\n^ Andam (later iUjda^ cf.W'ackcinagcl, AUiudische GramrnaAk, I, 17^1 Macdonell, J^’dic\nG)avimar, p. 33, n. 14I audasadriam va) (hdnda’iah (.Sayana). The ncut. is nole-\nworthy as comp.niatively rare in .S.anskrit. Cf. Aitareya Pi.lhmana,Vll, 13: kjpanainhadu-\nvh ot Xt vd Ko\\ ipa al vs io f)I ,I, M3 o, n5 r, o,tna Jld oh ny ia crm icd/ Cm rd a, nu& nc a. r'^Pai pa .lle 1l 6s 6;aio mac lo um mmo mn ihin iG vr ir de ek turan {d vsL ^ea )tin mo( ro su ,« Ca iy ca eS ro ov\n,\n\"•ykfc.,I,5,9). TheUse isthus substantival rathei than adjectival as iscleailyfelt in the case\nof madhyam. See also the stiiking case, Prhadaranyaka Upanisad, 1, 4, 3: tdsmdd Idam\nauihabfyalcim iva svah (so Hohtlmgk, Chtrdomathic'-, p. 357; Max Muller,SB.E.,XV, 85,\nn. 3). In if7 uu theie is a lengthening found also in the Aitareya Ih.ihmana in piosc\n(Auf ®re ‘c Th ht, eyp. s4 a2 y’7) caw nit hh arr/ df la yls io c. ferC tt o. tW ha eck fe olr ln oa wg ie nl g, wA ol it di su ,di as seh Mc aG xra Mm um lla ef rih la, k\\ ey s31 it2 ,; th1 o1, ug3 h,8 t, hn i. s9 i.\ns\npaillysuppoited bythelastwordsofthesection.\n* Tasminha'^miu isccitainlycurious. TheSahkhayanaparallel,VH, 3,isacorrectionand\nthiows no light. 1'hc MS. evidenceisstiongand Anandatirtharendersitastasmin ha asmin.\nPcihapssminstaiulsfora'itnin(efMidler,Pdlt Grammar^ ]>.24)andhaisthep.article. Noloot\norb.isehaexistsfiomwhichhasnnncouldii.aturallybeformed. Sri}ana ignores the point, and\nmay possibly have read tasminn asmin as <1oes Rajendnalala, but this is unlikely. The cor-\nrection hdunin leaves the erroi unexplained. It is to be noted that in theSunahk'palegend,\nAitaieyaIliahmana, VII, 13,the MSS. read: iti ha smddkhydya,which Aufrechtkeeps in the\ntextand gives(p. 431^ asoneofthegrammaticaleriorsofthe Briihmam. TheparallelSahkha-\n)anatexthasmerelyiti. Pohllingk inhisChirsfomatlue'^p.351,andSachs.Ber., 1900,p.418,\namends\\ohdsmdandclaimsthat.Siiyanabearsthisout. But.Siiyana’snotewhileshowingthathe\ntook smd as equivalent to asmaiisnotconclusive,though ittendstoshowthathehadd\\ma[i)\nbefore him, just as heseems to have lead ia^minn asminhere, but argumentsfrom hissilence\narc dangerous, lie ignoresimasmai in II,3, 7. I do not think it impossible that this smin\nand the Aitarcya Brahmana’s s/nd arc parallel phenomena of an attempted simplification of\n“ It is tiue Sthavira docs not occur in III, i, 2, but I do not think it is reasonnble to\ntake the S.iknlya of that passage as different from him of III, 2, i; 6, as does e.g. Weber,\nJndiiin Lift)aturc,p. 50.\nfhihimseeMaxMuller, Rgvi'daJ'ldtiidkliya,])p 7sq."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1573,
            "content": "3\n-in, TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n241\nJust as there are those three lights in heaven, so there are these three lights\nin man. As there is in heaven the sun, so there is the eye in the head. As there\nis in the sky the lightning, so there is the heart in the body. As there is the\nfire in earth, so there is the seed in the member. Having thus represented the\nwhole world as the self, he said, ‘This is the symbol of the earth, this of the\nheaven. He who knows thus this union, obtains children, cattle, fame, gloiy,\nand the world of heaven. He lives all his days.*\n3. Then come the reciters' ofthe Nirbhuja. The Nirbhuja dwells on earth,\nthe Pratrnria in heaven, the Ubhayamantarena in the sky. Then if one should\nrebuke him who recites the Nirbhuja, he should reply, ‘ Thou hast fallen from\nthe two lower places.'® If one should rebuke him who recites the Pralrnna, he\nshould reply, ‘ Thou hast fallen from the two upper places.' JUit theie is no\nrebuking himwho repeats the Ubhayamantarena.® For when he unites the words,\nthat is the Nirbhuja form ; when he pronounces the two syllables pure, that is\nthe Pratrnna form. This is the first. By the Ubhayamantarena both are fulfilled.\nthe forms oft^e base a. Possibly the production of such forms may be due to the analogy\nSo ef es ,ds hw oi wn ev( eR rV ,.) a, lsa ond Bc of h. it la ins gw kd ’f s(( r\" eh ma an rd ko sgya inUp ha in sis Ga rd a) m; mW ah ti .tne Ay bs, oS mia rn rs lk tn ct hkG nr tea nmm ia mr, A§ it4 a9 r5 eyfi an -.\nmb ir sd rh em aa dn ia n, gsLe oi fp7 ti hg e, t1 ex9 t0 ,0, anw dhe Ire fulh le yrr ee cg oa gr nd is /eth te hai trr ue ng dul ua erit ri ee vs ern eo nt ce ed tb oy sA uu cf hre tc exh tt s, i1 s. ac. b, sua rs d.due Ot no\nthe othci hand old formsdodisappear, andcf. perhapstheuseofimdandtmilnam, MailrayanT\nUpanisad, VI, 7; II, 6, and the Vcdic imand (Prinini, VI, 4, 141; Wackernagel,A//Miiche\nsGG ajr - ma h h*m y in a T tm h dSt eui st wk r e ia, t, s heI I, c, t r6 i e11 o f6) n e,. s re3 i n^T cah es ne er de te oW 2i is tn m hta eal e ys mo si pbtt aezh c’e ecs se ol e mi d p (s i ei at ao i r in o e tn hdo , ,f wIa , i ht ei x h an x vvi T eit ai na i ,G ; t, tW eiM ta i hia c eyn k ral e ,r r Ua n wpp a iaa ng nt de ih )l sa ,, a, dI l,,I i, g3 I h,11 t3 8 3 s, . ,9 (w fh i( ri e* c ,I hl si ur t na r ,n eay t wa s ak te et^ rhi e ,i\nlightning), knowledge (teacher, pupil, knowledge, training), generation (mother, father, child’\nbegetting^ and the self (lower jawbone, upper j.awbone, speech, tongue). This elaborate\nsyst ’e Om rmu res ct itb ale il oa nt ser oft .han Tht ehe NA ir ra bn hy ua jk aa. isthC ef. SaM ma hx it.M au ,ll te hr e, PratrnnaP tr hd eii Pi ad dk ah ,ya a, ndpp. Ubii hi as yq a.\nman-\ntarena the Krama P.ttha. Max Muller (see his Rgt'cda P)dtifdkhya, p. iii, and N'achtra^e,\np. ii) first pointed out the importance of this passage. Cf. also Oldenberg, S.P.P\\, XXX,\nP1 r4 a6 tis ^q Aa. c; k yh oyP sar , to hl I d,e ng 4 to am ; re s dn e ba e, hym dp y. m^3 id8 sh0; k ch ld eM aya rac lnd yo an ae Al r cl a a, sn eyS aa k on fas , ik ipr r.U cg4 u5f l,M ae rnr .a S3i .iu ; nr de 1 h1, i1 ,,p. i c, f.5 21 , A. tn h. aI 8 rt . vais ves du am ,ma Ii X’ ,ize i,d ii :n\np Vr et dh it cvy Gan rt a( mi mri ak rs ,dt\\ pp.III 6, 4,3, 64 5, ;n. J.ii A; .W 'a O.ck Se .r ,n Xag Xe Vl ,,A 9l 9-h 1n 0d 2i .scheGrammatik,I,316,317 ; Macdonell,\n• It is the perfect form; e,g., Sayana says, in the Samhita in agfiim i/e the i(e is\nMs ava cr dt o/ na el-\\ l- ,pra Vc eit da i, ci Gn rath me maP ra ,da p.t 7h 8e ,y na .re 7).both anuddtia (cf.Whitney, SanskritGrammar, § 90 '•\nit\nmaySa ry ea fn era te oxp tl ha eins arn mi srd oi fsi ta hu eb wh ou rj da ssad br ef ia ngu cp uu tri o' fo f,tia ar sai ia tbd wa ei ri e,ya os rmi wn i.\nth\ntM wa ox arMu ml sle sr trt eh ti cn hk eds\nout,the two words forming,as it were,two arms to one body. In the followingacyo^thnh is\nclearly the reading, though S and R in the commentary vary, reading acyoUha and acyostka.\n1he.SahkhayanaAranyaka, VIT, 8, hasthecorrectform.\nhiIIM R"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1574,
            "content": "242 AITAREYA ARANYAKA in, I, 3-\nHe who desires proper food should recite the Nirbhuja, he who desires heaven\nshould recite the Pratrnna, and he who desires both should recite the Ubhaya-\nmanlarena. Then if another should rebuke him who recites the Nirbhuja, he\nshouldreply, ‘Thou hast offended the earth, the deity. The earth, the deity, will\nstrike thee.’ If another should rebuke him who recites the Pratmiia, he should\nreply, ‘Thou hast offended heaven, the deity. The heaven, the deity, will strike\nthee.’ If another should rebuke him who recites the Ubhayamantareria, he\nshould reply, ‘Thou hast offended the sk}\", the deity. The sky, the deity, will\nstrike thee.’ Whatever he says to him^ or says in reply to him, that shall\nassuredly be fulfilled. But to a*Brahmin one must not say anything save what\nis auspicious. Only in exceeding*^ prosperity may one say ill to a Brahmin.\n*Not even in exceeding prosperity may one say ill to a Brahmin, let Brahmins be\nhonoured,’ so says Suravira Mandukeya.\n4. Then come the imprecations.' Let him know that breath® is the beam.\nIf any one rebuke him who has become breath as the beam, then if he thinks\nhimself strong,'* he says, ‘I have grasped the beam, breath ; thou canst not over-\ncome me who grasp the beam, breath.’ Let him then say, ‘ 1he beam, breath,\n® bnn'an vd bruvaitiam vd. This may perhaps be taken as I have taken it as equivalent\nto, ‘whether lie speak to him or speak in reply.’ This is (luite a simple conslrncHon. But\naIt ndIS tn ao kt esso thetak se en conb dy pt ah re tc ao smm ve dnt aa bt ro ur vs a. nfaS ma .yan Ta hir sen id se fr os llb or wu ev dan byas Mae xqui Mv iia ll le en rt .io Aj nm ant dv aa tn ii ra tm h,\na\ninterpiets it as bruvan vd abntvan vd brm>antam vd ahiuvantam vd. horsimilarcurses,cf.\n^ankhayanaAranyaka, VII, 10,.andChandogyaUpanis.ad,II,22, 3.\n« Sayana takes this as permitting a curse on a Brahmin in the case ofgreatwealth (such\nwealth being sinful). Anandatirtha denies this, and carries on the negative. Thus Sfiravlra’s\ndictum confirms this. This is less probable. Max Muller accepts Sayana’sviewthattheman\nistosay,‘LetthembeknowntoBrahmins.’ Itissimplertotakeitasinthetext, hornacana,cf.\nV Br, a3 h, m.3 n/ nu ae ,l Ib Ii ,uc 77k, (/A .lh An .di 0s .i Sh .e ,S Xy Vn ,ta 2x 4, 0)pp :. n5 a44 Icsq i. a; riC rh da nn ini cn ag n, agJ r.A h. am0 p. rS. d, psX yI aI nI t, i,xvi ai ni d; JJ aa im mi ii in il iy ya\na\nUpanisadBrahmana, IV,14, 5. ThelulcthatnaprecedesseemstruefortheBrahmanaprose.\nThe t\\\\o accus. with ^/brii (for bru, cf. Bloomfield, A.J.P., V, 180; Wackernagcl,\nAUindische Grarnmatik, I, 182; Macdonell, Vedic Grammar, p. 36) are said by Delbriick\n{Aititjdiiche .Syntax, p. 174; cf.Speijer, Vedische undSanskrit-Syntax, p. 8; Gaedicke, Der\nAansativ im Pt’da, p. 265) not to be found in the Brahmana language, which this passage\ndisproves. Bnl is expressly mentioned ns governing two accusatives in the Karika cited by\ntheKafiikriVrtti on Tanini,I,4,51, whereamuchmoremarkedcasethanthathere(wherethe\nseco ‘nd Saa yc ac. nais tm ae kr esely thia sp ar son aou nn o) ui ns oa fdd au gc ee nd c, y,vi lz i. kemd nn ira bv ha uh ja am prd avh da dr dm ha mmh IIi Id ,e.\ni,3. Anandatirtha\nsays,dtmanojfldnasdmarthydnusdrcnoktiprakdrd myanta itiUsah.\nclea^ rlC yf. inJ ds ea fk ia nl ity ea’ (s liv ki eew t, heII sI u, hj1 ., ia n. LaT th ine am ne dta opp th .or ini Gs rf er eo km );ho su eese IIIb ,ui 2l ,di 1n ,g.\nn.\niT ;he ano dpt s. eeb me ylo nw oti es\nontheKathaka,/.R.A,S., 1909. Forr^amia,seeZimmer,A/t. Leb.,p.150.\n* The construction is cuiiously changed below to the accusative, unless, as is possible,\nthe othei person is meant. But see St. Petersburg Did. s.v. man 3. The nominative is,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1575,
            "content": ",\n-Ill, I, 5 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 243\nwill forsake thee/ But if he thinks himselfweak, he should say to him, *Thou\nhast not been able to overcome he who have been fain* to grasp the beam,\nbreath. Breath, the beam, will forsake thee/ Whatever he says to him or says\nin reply to him, that shall assuredly be fulfilled. But to a Brahmin one must not\nsay anything except what is auspicious. Only in exceeding prosperity may one\nsay ill to a Brahmin. ‘Not even in exceeding prosperity may one say ill to\na Brahmin, let Brahmins be honoured,’ so says SQravTra Mandukeya.®\n5. Now the reciters ofthe Nirbhuja say, ‘The former syllable is the former\nhalf, the latter the latter half. 1he space between the former half and the latter\nhalf is the union. He, who knows thus this union, obtains children, cattle,\nfame, glory, and the world of heaven. He lives all his days. Now Hrasva\nMandukeya says, *We that recite the Niibhuja say that the foimer syllabic is the\nformer half and the latter syllable the latter half, but that the union‘ is the\nspace between the former and latter halves in so far as thereby one produces\nthe union and distinguishes accented and unaccented and separates the mora\nand what is not.* He, who knows thus this union, obtains children, cattle, fame,\nglory, and the world of heaven. He lives all his days. Now his son,\nSh yo nw te av xer ,, §q §ui at oe 8re agi ni dlar 9, 9.see CW fh .i at ln se oy, thS ea in ds ik or mit kG rr ^na omm (a &r c., )§ r3 u6 f8 a; mSp ke rije (r T, aitV te id ri is yc ahe Sau mn hd itS aa ,ns Vk ,rit 3-\n,\n6 Br, a5 hJ maV nI a, ,I, VI3> ,r 35>\n,\nse5 e; W2 e, b4 e, r,I; In4 d; ,7, StI ud; ,,VI XT I, IIr ,, i6 i, i)3 .; 3 T; he4; coB nr sa th rum ca tn ia o,\nn\nI w, iti, h3, th3 e; nA oi mt ,ar (e cy fa\n.\ndDc ol ub br tuc rk a, ieV ie ndt ls ac th ee\nr\nS Say nn st ka rx it,\n,\nj bi up. t1 I04 has vq e.; foS upe ni dje ir t, iV ned ai nsc ih ne dea pn ed ndeS na tnsk pr asi st a- gS eynt ia nx, Ana§ nd3 a3 t) iri ts hn a,o\nand the analogous use ofthe gerund is found in the Ramayana,&c. Cf. the curious phrase,\nManu, VIII,91 : eko^hamasmity atmdnam-manyase. Chaknuvamin Rajendralalaismeielyan\nassimilatednalteredintoanusvdra. TheerrorofBinreadingchaknuvantam shows howlittle\ndependencecanbeputonthisMS. Astoaha,cf. TIT, 2,4,n. 10. Enam isherein apposition\n\\.opranam, but I agree with Speijer, Vedische und Sanskrit-Syntax, § 136, that the strict\nrule (Bohtlingk, Z.D.Al.G.,XLI, 182)cannot beprovedforVedicorSanskiit.\n* Samadhitstsam is of course the aonst indic. ofthe desidcrative of the root dhd. Max\nMiillertranslatessamadhitsi^antarnasaparticiple, butthisisimpossible. Cf.Whitney,Sanskrit\nGrammar, § 1035a,Roots, &c,,p. 249,/.A,O.S XIII,Ixx.\n® These curses are just intelligible,but the curses in ^ahkhayana Aranyaka, VII, 8 and 9\nofferserious difficulties. As the textstands the first case is that of rebuking another,whenif\nstrongtherebuker(thismustbethesubject)saystotheother, ‘Thouhast graspedthe breathor\nbeambutcanst notovercome mewho am fain if weak,he says,‘Thou hastsought to grasp,\nbutcouldstnot,* Inthesecondcasethe sense must be (readingparahormakingparammean\nthe subject ofthe main clause) the manwho holds thatprdt^ is vamia says to his rebuker,\n*I have been fain to grasp the beam, breath, thou canst not overcome one who is fain,*\nif the rebuker is strong. If not, he says, *I’hou hast sought to grasp, but couldst not.*\nOtherrenderingsarequite possibleand the text can bealtered(e.g.readsamadhdminVII,8),\nbut Hit .eis .no tt hip so vs isi eb wle isto difb fe erc ee nr tt ia ai tn edof inth oe nese on rse t; wosec pom iny tstr fan rs o. m,p tp h. e4 v4 i- e4 w6.\nabove. Cf.^Shkhayana\nAranyaka,VII, 11-13.\nR %"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1576,
            "content": "AITARRYA ARANYAKA\n244 ni, T, 5^\nMadliyama, hissonbyhiswifePralibodhi,*says,‘Onepronouncesthesesyllablesby\ntheir letters, neither separating entirely nor uniting absolutely,^ and the mora\nwhich is between the former and latter halves and indicates the union is the\nsliding. I consider therefore the sliding to be the union.^ A Rsi says this\nalso (RV., II, 23, 16), ‘O Brhaspati, they know nought higher than the sliding.^\nHe, who knows thus this union, obtains children, cattle, fame, glory, and the\nworld ofheaven. He lives all his days.\nG. Taruksya’says,‘The union is formedby the Brhat and Rathantara Samans.\nTheRathantara is speech, the Brhat breath.^ By these two,speechandbreath, the\n^ Metronymics like thiswere inevitable wherepolygamywaspossible. Theydo not prove\nmatiiarchy or anything similar. A similar instance is the famous Kisna Devakiputra of\nChandogya Upanisad, ITT, 17 (not7 asinMaxMuller),b,who is the subject of an interesting\nd 1i 9s 0c 8u ,ss pi .on 173in ,nC .arb Se e’ es at li sn ons Wl ia nti to en rno if U,th Ge\nesih. dcr\nindtsr/i.an //d\n//.,\nJ 1,. 1R 69. .A. AS., ch1 i9 l0 d7, sop mp e. ti9 m7 e6 s,sq i;\nf\nillegitimate,wasnamedafteritsmother,c g.Satyakamajribrda,(\"handogyaUpanisad,IV,4. tor\nalonglistof metionymics ofa curious character see Ilrhadfiranyaka Ujianisad, VI, 4, 30-32.\n'I'he leadingof11is ameieerrorinaninaccurateM.S. MaxMullersuggestsrralibodhi as the\ncorrect form, and this seems the form in theSankhdyana. Forthe T,cf, however Macdonell,\nVi’di( Grammar^ p. 75. Pratibodha is a recognized name m the Gana vidadi. lor other\nmetron)lilies,cf. Fleet R.A..S'.,T905,pp.637,63S ; Hopkins,J.A.0 ,.S’., XlfI, T05,370,n,;\nforadiscussion of maliiarchyas affectingtheAiyaiiHellenes,see b'ainell,Archivf.Religious'\n7vi:>\\eusch(if(, 1904,pp. 70sq.,andreff.\n^ The reading is clearly aueklkun'au, Eklkiirvan is an easy but bad blunder. Sayana\nexplains that you must not (i) pronounce lava it as tava-vit^ nor (2) as tavaty but (3) as\niavi't. This c.annot be meant. It is re.illy intended that you should pronounce so asto give\na sound ofai together. Comparethe fact that in the so-calledelisionofLatin bothelements\nwere distinctly preserved in pronunciation (cf. Lindsay,Latin Language, p.144),as in modern\nSpanish. Cf.alsoDeussen,SecfizigUpanishads,j>. 215. This passage isof paiticularinterest\nas confirming the notice in the Rgveda PratiLakhya, III,8 (200) (Max Muller’s edit., p.Ixv)\nthat Mam,!nkeyalaid down the use ofthe circumtlex in the Praslista Sandhi (e.g. a+r, &c.)\naswell as in the Abhinihita Sandhi {e or o-\\-a')y and the exccjitional cases of i+t, in which\nthe circumflex is regulaily laid down, and the fact th.at the a is not meiely elided generally\niccognized by the Frati^.akhyas (Wackernagcl, Altindische Graminattky I, 324> Macdonell,\nVedic Grammar, p. 104). So Panini, VITl, 3, 6, has svarito vdnuddtte padadau, and see\nWackernagel, I, 292, 293; Macdonell, ji. 104. The requirement of the circumdex is only\nintelligibleontheamkikun'antheory.\n'i'heformauekfkitn'an\\s interesting. Eki-\\-^kr is found in the Satapatha Br^mana,see\nWhitney,Sanskrit Grammar, § 1093,andcontrast111, 2,3: aikyabhCivayan ; ekibhuoccursin\nthe Bfhadaianyaka Upanisad, IV, 4, 2 in the sense of dying, and cf. Maitreya Upanisad\n(Max Muller, XV, xlvi) tama ekibhmiati parasmin\\ cf. also Jacob, Concordance,\np. 268. ForRV.,H, 23, 16,cf. Gcldner, VcdisihcStudien, HI,68.\n‘ Taruksya is more probable than Tarksya because the alteration to larksya is natural,\nthe word occurring above on I, 5> PossiblyTaruksya is merely a case of Svarabhakti, cf.\nWackernagel, Altindische Grammatik, I,56sq. It is clearthat Sayana read Taruksya as he\nderives it from Taruksa. The Anandaferama corrects it into Trksa without warrant. The\nSankhay.anaAianyaka,VII, 19,hasTJrksya ; cf. KausitakiBrahmana,XXX, 9.\n^ ThcbC Siinans are used in the Pr>tha .Stotra ofthe Agnistoma."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1577,
            "content": "6\n-in, 1, TRANSLATION AND NOTES 245\nunion is made.’ Taruksya guards^ (his teacher’s) cows for a year for the sake of\nthis Upanisad. For it alone does Taruksya guard the cows for a year. A Rsi\nsays (RV.,X, 181, i ; 2), 'Vasistha bore hither the Rathantara, Bharadvaja carried\nhither the Brhat of Agni.’^ He, who thus knows this union, obtains childien,\ncattle, fame, glory, and the world ofheaven. He lives out all his days. Kaunfha-\nravya says, ‘ Speech is united with breath, breath with the blowing air, the air with\nthe All-gods, the All-gods with the world of heaven, the world of heaven with\nbrahman. This is the gradual union.’ He, who knows tliis gradual union,\nobtaiias childien, cattle, fame, glory, and the w'orld of heaven, just as does this\nunion. If he for the sake of another or for his own sake recites (the union)\nlet him know as he is about to recite, that this union has gone up to heaven,\n’ This is a quaint piece of Imman nature, 'there are plenty of ]^aialUls, cf (\"hrindo<;ya\nUpanisad, IV, 4. the omission of the second sentence in It is clearly a slip, showinj.; how\nuntrustworthy is the MS. wlien uncorroborated. For the n{fin‘r/aui/>tumt, cf. Bihad.iianyaka\nSU yp na tn aL xs ,ad, p.I 9, 2;3, Ga cl; dnS ep ieij ie ^r V, ediV sc cd hi c\\c Sh te ndua 'n nd\n,\nIS Ia If ,nk 3n 3t ,-S nj .)’fa fin nr d,\ns\ns§ uc7 h7, a-4 l; oc.De il nbi Ru Vc .k ,, I,Al 6,ti 9n :dis sc dh me\nOintinn yfljaic ylrah. Rakujyale ib a hist. pros. The middle hcio gives clearly the idea of\njicrsonal inteicst (cf. Speijcr, Vedrsebti andSansknt-Sytitax, § 166b; Delbruck, Aliindisihe\nS \\y in 't dta sx i, hep up. nd23 S6 ans sip Jo\\ it-F So yr ntat xh ,e §hi 1s 7t. 2;pre Ss a. nscf k. riD tel Sb yr nu tc ak x, ,A §l 3ti 2n 7d ;ist Bh ie ugS my an nt na ,x, Grp i. cc5 h0 .2; GrS ap mei mj }er ,,\n§156, and especially his pajier, Beruhtc der Konigl. saGis. GesellsGtaft der IVisum^ckaften,\n1SS3, pp. 169sq. ; Giles, Comp. IViiL, § 547. The piescnt tense essentially denotes what is\ncontinuous or progiessivc (cf. Monro, Homeric Grammar’^, pp. 62, 63) as opposed to the\nmomentary, andthatwhetherthe verb has the sense ofan action or a state. 'Die histoiic use\nwith a particle of time is Homeric, btit not the simple histone present, though it is found\nin the earliest Latin (,e.g. the c[ntaj)h of Lucius Cornelius Scipio (n.c. 298), cepit, subigit\nomneiyri)Lottcanamopsidesqneabdoucit')and must be Indo-European.\nS1 y7 n1 tT\n;\nah xe ,Cja a §c ec d 2. i 8cko ;ef , Ht oi pDm kee ir ni ss ,Ac C Aio .im i /m s .ao i /n n ', .t ,Xs ie Xme IVI In ,t edi 7ao .,d , j)p p. .56 1; 75D .e sql .b ;ruc Spk e, ijA el r,tin Cd cis dc ih ue heSyn ut na. dx, Sp ap m. kr1 i7 t0 *,\n* These Sarnans aie lequired toaccompany the important Pr.avargya. Cf. my.^ankhayana\nA)anyaka, p. 48, n. 6.\naor.“ ia nb dh .t ,vy bd uh tdr Tsa cn ani ns oa tn mc axt kr e.ao sr ed ni sn eary offo ti hm i.\ns.\nW 'Lh oit tne ay k, e/ i. t^ a. sC. at6*. fi, rsX tII sI e, emI sxx, mot sa tkes natit urn as\nl\na nn\ns\na mistake for a future participle {°haryan) is faced with the difficulty that Vhr gives only\nkartsy- as the future in accordance with the established rule (IMnmi, VII, 2, 70), that roots\nin r take 'inteimcdiate z’ (Max Muller, Sanskut Grammar'*, § 332), and that even 'A hars\nwere assumed, hars would need explanation,though s and syare constantly confused in M.S.S.\n(e.g. ardtsyam andardtsam, MaitrayanlSamhlta, IV,p. 138*, Wliitney, P.A. O.S., Oct., 1887,\npp .. X liX iV ;; na it hu s^ dny aam ana dnd na ii hs yt dsa nm a, ,C Ah ia tn ad ro eyg aya RrU ap han mi as na ad ,, VI, IIi ,i, 12 6;; W Ah ui ft in ee cy ht, ,P. AtA t. arO. cS y. a, BO rct d. h, ma1 t8 i9 a0 ,,\np. 431, above T, 1, 5), aprdksyah and aprdksah, Chandogya Upanisad, Max Muller, S.B.JC,\nXV, xiv,n. I ; Knauer,Aldnava Crhya Sthtra, p.xxxv, and occasional longs are formed,e.g.\nTin hes rd ek^y re e, maA it nh sar ov na lv yed ta o, tI aI k, e27 a, bh5 i, vyf dor hds ra -k us iy ne, a& sc. a, nr afi ov i/ iLy sz t( pW ah rti it cn ie py l, e(S wa in ts hk oun tt oG fr ca om um ra ser, an% y88 p7 a) s.\nt\nsense), ‘while reciting ;’ cf.e.g. RV.,II, 4,7 : dhdk)adurvUn. But such forms aie also vciy"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1578,
            "content": "A\n^\n246 AITAREYA ARANYAK III, I, 6-\nand that so it will be with those who know it (and become) gods. So will it\ncome to pass. lie, who thus knows this union, obtains children, cattle, fame,\ngloiy, and the world ofheaven. He livesoutall his days. Pahcalacanda® says,\n* The union is speech.’ ‘By speech are the Vedas composed, by speech the\nmetres. By speech friends are united, by speech all beings, therefore is speech\nall this.’ Now^ when one repeals or speaks, breath is in speech, speech then\nswallows breath. When one is silent or in sleep, speech is in breath, breath\nthen swallows speech. Theyswalloweach other. Speech indeed is the mother,\nbreath the son. A Rsi says (RV., X, 119, 4), ‘There is one bird,” he enters the\nsky; he sees this whole world; with ripe mind I beheld him nigh at hand; the\nmother absorbshim,and he the mother.’ He, who thus knows this union, obtains\nchildren, cattle, fame, glory, and the world of heaven. He lives out all his days.\nrare. The form ahhiharyate in Brhadaranyaka Upanisad (^=^ahhiharyati) may be explained\nperhaps by the cases of ine^^i^lar lengthening above, and by the (Kpic) use of middle termi-\nnationsfor active(/.A.0 .S.,XXV,132),ratherthanasacausative passiveas intheDictt. In\nAtharvaved.i,XVITT, 2,58theeditionsboth read vidhakidn and the pseudo-Sayana apparently\nso lead, thougii he lenders by uhany but the i>arallel passages, RV.,X, 16,7 and Taittiriya\nAranyaka, VI, i,4, have both the correct vidkakydn (Whitney, TranslationofAtharvuTeda,\np. 846),and theaccentprovesclearlythatvid/tak^dnisincorrect. Macdonell{Vedic Grammar^\np. 57,n. i) suggests that in the case ofyokse, vid/iaksdn, sdkso, mehdmi^ they has dropped\nphonetically; cf.J.A.O.S.,XXV,142.\niaU'at tathd sydt might ofcourse mean, ‘m.iy it ever endure’ (as taken by Max Muller),\nbut the usual use of the phrase in the Ailareya Brahmana supports the rendering above\nadopted,e.g. IT, 21,2:yaenamtatrabruyddvdedvajrenayajamdnasyaprdndnvyagdtprana\nenamhayatitiiaivattathdsyat \\ 22,3; 28,3;5; 29,7; IV,7,7;VI,23, 13; 26,6; Delbriick,\nAlttndiuheSyntax p.343,n.i(fortheconstructionwithtivaratherementioned,cf..‘^ahkhayana\nAianynka, I, 8). Kggeling on Isatapatha Brahmana,V,4, 3,2 {S.B./i., XLI,98,n. 2), now\nadojits ‘wold’ as the regularequivalent ofiaivat at any rate in the Brahmanas,and see also\nOeilel’s note on Jaiminlya Upanisad Brahmana, T, 54, 3. S.iyana takes vidydt as a part of\nthejirotasis. Inanycasethesenseisverymuchthesame.\nsa or !>a yadi is of course not a particle but the demonstrative. The cases in which\nMax Muller {S.B.E., XV, no, n. 7, on Bfhadaianyaka Upanisad, II, 4, 7) and Delbruck\n{AltindtscheSyntax,pp. 215, 216),following theSt.J'etersburgDiet.,find sa as a particle are\nmerely instances of an ordinary anacoluthon, and do not prove that sa was ever felt as a\npailicle. Biecisely the same idiom is common in early English,and no one there thinks of\n‘he’asaparticle,seeKellner,EnglishSyntax,pp.68sq. CorrectCaland, UeberdesRit.Sutra\ndes Baudhdyana, p, 46.\n* Bancalacanda must mean Cani^a (no doubt Prakrit for Candia, cf. Atharvaveda, II, 14,\nI (Cdncja))ofthePaficalas,asSayanatakesit. TheAitareyaBrahmana,VIII, 23,knowsaking,\nDuimukhaPaficala.\n’ This is the proofof the nature ofspeech as other thananddistinct from breath. Their\nactivities arcdifferent. Anyo'nyamisveryinteresting,as alreadyitlendstobecomeaseparate\nwoul,thoughitstdlisheretwowords, seeWackernagel,AltindischeGrammatik, II,i,321 sq.\n* This verse is mote misconstrued even than usual. Heentersthesky,it issaid,aswind;\nthe world he sees asprana\n\\\nheisseen closein the heart(Saya^). On the ^/rihoftheRV.\nverse, cf.Hopkins,/.A.6 .S.,XXVIII, 125sq."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1579,
            "content": "1\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-in, 2, 247\nThen comes the Prajapati union.® The first half is the wife, the latter half is the\nliusband. The union is the son. The act of union is the begetting. This\nunion is Aditi. For Aditi is all whatever there is, father, mother, child, and\nbegetting. A R^i says this also (RV., I, 89, 10), ‘Addi is mother, is father,\nis son.’ He, who knows thus this union, obtains children, cattle, fame, gloiy, and\nthe world ofheaven.“ He lives out all his days.\nAdhyaya 2.\nSlhavira .‘^akalya says that breath is a beam,' and that as the other beams rest\non the main beam ofthe house, the eye, theear, the mind, the speech, the senses,\n® Proclaimed by Piajapati (Sayana), but see^ankliriyanaAranyaka, VII, 16. Cf.T.iitliiiya\n(U Op la dn ei ns ba ed r, g,1, S3 ., B.5, E.a ,nd Xo Ln VlI ,II, 305i, ).2. Piajananaoccursinthe concrete sense inRV , III, 29, i\nTins verse is cited and explained in full in Jaiminlya Upanisad Brabmana, I, 41, which\nis in fact parallel. For Aditi, cf. especially Oldenberg, Keh^ion des V^da, pp. 203 ;\nMacdonell, Vedit Mythology, pp 120sq.\nTailtiriya Upanisad,1,c., 7,continuesafterbrahmiwarcasena,annadyena stivargenalokerta^\nwhereS. Sllaiamarenders ‘all kindsoffood’. Cf.for this section.SahkhayanaAranyaka, VII,\n14-16 ; 18 ; 19.\n‘ TillsAdhyaya (cf. .‘sahkhayana Aranyaka, —VIII, i) deals with meditations on the several\nclas.sesofletters. Theconstruction yafhchsyuh samdhitahisnoteworthy. Forthe verbunder-\nstood cannot be considered as other than an indicative, so that the optative in the fir—st\nclause must be indefinite. The same force seems to be found in V, i, 4: pr(di)thdpayati\nyadii—Ulimye(\\ ^aukhayana Aranyaka, II, 16: tad yathd rraje paW<n avasrjydrgaleuke\npanvyayet evam evaitaih paddnu^angaih sarviin kdnidti ubhayatah pangrhydttfinn dhatte^\nV bhI aI v, etI, & tc a. sy; dUA iita Vr de my aa dB ar v. aa shm ya ana, stV ot, re34 p, i4 dyat Ua tr tn Hy ha ,dy Mac nt ueu ,hn VIt Ir Ia ,yd 3,nd 1m ;e 7k 8amc (i otd hea rkd em xa ai mn pla ebh syii i-\nn\nTielbiuck, Althtdisihe Syntax^ ]i. 349). So vixihydfkd, Delbruck, p. 350; withjviV/rt, &c.,\nibid., p. 35T, So in kttakrtydh syuh in .Sayana’s introductions to the KV., curiously\nmisundeistood by Peterson (^ipi^veda Handbook^ p. 126). The use differs distinctly from but\nis easily derived fiom the use of theopt. witheither anopt. (potential) (cl. theuseinAvestan,\nJackson,P.A.<9.A.,April, 1S96, p.187\n;\nDelbruck, I’ergI, Aynt.,II,372) oranopt (impciative)\nin the apodosis, since in either of these cases the future ^ense is primarily present, wliereas\nwhen an indie, forms the apodosis the sense is clearly meiely indefinite. The use, especially\nas here in sentence, is common in Homer, where the subj. with piimary and the opt. with\nsecondary tenses h.ave both this sense (cf. Monro, Iforncnt Greunmar-, pp. 258s.q., 269sq.),\nis found in the subj. in early Latin prose aswell asverse in whichCreek imitation is always\npossible (e.g. Cato Maior, de Mor , ingenium prope uti ferrum est: st exerceas contentur,\nnisi exerceas f'ubiginem eontrahit), in early English (Kellner, English Syntax, p. 239),&lc.\nThe use of the pass. part, with or without copula (Introd., pp. 64,65) is significant.\nDelbruck {AltindischeSyntax,pp.394,395),followedby.Spcijei {VedischetindSanskrit-Syntax\n^\n§ 176), regards the use as corresponding both to imperf. and aor., but while of course it is\ndangeroustodogmatizeonmatterswhichultimatelydejicndonadelicate analysisofa language\nso remote as Vcdic .Sanskrit, it seems to me that there is a very clear distinction between\n(i) the aor., the tense of which has Just happened; (2) the imperf., the tense of narration;"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1580,
            "content": "the body, the wliole self, rests on this breath. ^Ofthis self the truth is like the\nsibil.iiUs, the bones tlie mutes, the inairow the vowels, and flesh and blood, the\nfourth pait,^ the scini-voweK,’ so says Iliasva Mnndukeya. We have,' however,\nlearned that the nuinbei was three. Of those three, bones, marrow, and joints,\nthere aie three hundred and sixty (parts) on this side and on that side. These\nmake up siven bundled and twenty. Se\\en hundred and twenty are the days\nand nights ol' the year. 'J'his self^ then, which consists of sight, hearing, metre,\nmind, and speech, is like the days in number.'’ lie, who knows thus this self,\nwliuh consists of sight, hearing, metre, mind, and speech, as like the days,\nobtains union, likeness, and nearness to the days,'’’ becomes rich in sons and\ncattle, and lives out all his days.\n2. Then (cirnes Kauiuharavya. d'here are three hundred and sixty syllables,'\nthice bundled and sixty sibilants, three hundred and sixty unions. What we have\ncalled syllables aic the days; what we h<i\\e called sibilants are the nights; what\nwe have called unions arc the junctions oftlie nights and days. So far as regards\nnnd (T,) these torms vitli ['nilieijdcs whuh txpicss a coiiipktecl action wlioS(' results persist\ninto tlie piestnt. (U'eoiiiHi many aitions can l-e i(gni(k<l fioin eithei point of view ami be\n(lillerciitl) tleseiibed, but Ibat is not to sayllinl the ellcct is not <litlercnl when different forms\nlire used. I'o take some oj Dclbriiek’s mstanees, KV., 1,Si,5 ;/</ tiUnuih hid)a ka^ tana\n>iii/atS tui /ant'^yiUi, the t.ense is not eilhci ‘was liorn’ (impt‘rf.1 01 ‘has just fieen boin’\n.101.), but ‘exists, Iinving been benn’, in 'l'aillin\\a Samhit.i, II, b, ij, 3 /e' dcT'a avidith\n//liryii/o Via pdpiatCit 'lha no nii^ynhati yandhatva vai pa)y amosi^itr ih^ whidi\nJldliniek goes as a ease (»f the jinrt. eorresjionding to an aor , the si-nse is clearly different\nlxtween the eontinuing ab<-ne'e of the Sonia and the one dcrinitc past act of theGandharvas\nin stealing it. d'he real tendency of the Mantia and lhahinana is to assimilate the jiart. to\n.1 piesent, thoni’h, as is the case with all the cxpiessions ot jiast time in the Mantras,\neie(.asion.illy it mav ha\\e a naiiativc sense (e.g. , —III, 4S, 22: Pratyn du'^dham sakrt\npdyain 'Ihe jnesenl sense—jet with tlu* jiast aetion is veiy clearly seen in eases like\n|{ihadde\\ala, VI11, 47 prathanidyCiiii ru slutdhyardhanc dyatt:^ la Idiana's la Asvinau\nicltarr tatah II It is not s/nya>i/i’, ior the actual praising is ocer (inlanl is legularly used of\nthel\\si1,andjet itdoesnot mean‘werejiraiscd’.\n® Max Mnllci takesanyalas‘thelest’,but itrathermeans, theother,the fouith.\n^ 'I'liisview IS apparentlyS.lkalja’spSayanai,the (irst three beinghis, towhich Mandfikeya\nadds a fouith. 'I'he thiccfold view,withyl/o'^ufor n'o/if,7ya)//a/ialor parUr,isfoundin IT, 2,\n4, wheiethediffereiiccoltermsilenotcsadiffi'ienceindates.\n* Anandatirthaexplainsall thisot \\isnu, asusual.\n1hesjmbolisinol theyeariscommonin allreligions,of.,e.g., Farnell, CulP ofthe Greek\nStotes, IV, 28.}, 285.\n\" Cl. the Khila MS. (lb at end (fol. 191* Scheftclowitz, Die Apokryphen des Pg 7jeda^\np lbs) etasfanevddevdiandmsdidtldmmynyyanisalokdtamainuteydevdnividi'ansidulliydyam\nadhite. Forthecompound,cf.Wackernaged,Altindisihe Gmmmatik,11,1, 149, 150\n‘ hyllables arevowels, sibilants consonants,and their unions the Sandhi (Sayana). Sayana\nlakes ^asa as separate, to explain how it comes to be =360. But though the construction\nIs illogical it IS regular in the Biahmanas (Whitney, Sanskrit il/amniar, § ^80b; cl. for\nFiakiit, I’lsdiel, Piakru Giammary p. 409), and \\<r/2 should not be printed apart as in S."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1581,
            "content": "3 ,\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-ni, 2, 2^9\nthe gods. Now as regards the self. The syllables whieh we have explained with\nreference to the gods are with icferencc to the self bones; the sibilants which\nwe have explained with referenee to the gods are with refeienee to tlie self\ninarrow; the mariow is indeed the leal breath, for it is seed, and without bieath\nseed is not effused. Or if it is effused without bieath, it will decay and will not\nproduce. The unions which we have exjdained with lefeience to the gods aie\nwith reference to the stdf joints. Of these three,' bones, mairow, and joints,\nthere are five hiindicd and forty parts on this side and on that. They make one\nthousand and eighty, and one llioiisaud and eiglity'* are the ra\\s of the sun.\n'I'hey make the hykaTi verses and this day. Thus tin* self\"* whicli consists of\nsight, hearing, metu*, mind, and speech is like the s}llables in numliei. lie, who\nknows thus tins self, which consists of sight, he<iiing, metre, mind, and sjieech, as\nlike the s}ilab]es, obtains union, likeness, and neaincss to the S}llables, beeomes\nrich in sons and cattle, and lives out all his days.\ng. Ikldhva’ sa}'s, ^There are four peisons, the person of the boily, the\npelson ofthe mctics, the person ofthe Veda, and the great peison. d'hat whieh\nw’e have called the person of the bod\\ is the coijioieal self. Its essence is the\nincoipoieal conscious self. That whicIi we have c.dled the jierson ol the metres\nis the collection of letleis. Its essence is the lettei ‘a 'J'hat whuh we have\ncalled the person of the W'da is that by which one knows the \\edas, Kg\\c'da,\nYajurveda, and Samaveda Its essence is the liiahman priest, d'herefoie should\none choose a Braliman '' piust who is full hrahuian and (an discein flaws\nIt IS cniious, as S |)r)ints out. that no coinnunit is made on the similar passaj^e in III, 2, i.\nhoi Kaunf)ia\\ if the I)liatup.itlix loot hunt/i wlitili hianke {I'/t'/t/rr (hicut Jtunn, VIII,\ns32 e3 e) mso no om tpa ti oc os clw ui ith ilbG ci we hi ek ie,uv eW xt cU ep, tW ia ne tk ini 1 pi ai i. aiL la leI. l. p1 a! s/ bni .i xf pi' eii m/i( .'( ^! .) uia ki hn .n lt ca .t ai nl a^ A, i1 a, n)1 a^ k0\na,\n\\1h Ie II,na 2me\n'* The xvonK insertid h) H aie quite out of pl.ict hcie, .nnd show how little th.at MS\ncan berelied upon, hornrjj/ftdni,cf. Alhnrx.xveila, II, 12,7, Koth, / IKM O’, XLVIII, 102.\nI'oi the construction, cf. llaudhi}ana IHiainia Sutia, II, 17, 11, 37, J.R. S ^ iqoy : contia\nEohtlingk, Sadis./>Vr., 1S92, p.197.\nUpam' s'I aI dl ,ls f( ,xt Si -a ^o Mr ad im tn ir ly bd po ai nt iu sn ac d,.S \\a lx ,nn 8a ;c. Inn tloo oi id ny luls di ,ipp Woi dt uby t oih ie co)A tl lh aa nr uvnn pa\n.\n1p 0a 0s 2sa .g n;e s( aI h’ ala '^ a^ an -a\nlaauih Uitadhd luvtaindnah pfdna/iprajafidni Ui/aya/f tui .woj-r///,wInch he ivplaiusimludcs\nbyilenolationthecipdity. Theieau- loSosyllables in ihntyInluids.\n* X’lsmi accordiiii^ toAnaiidatirtha, who h.is consiIciablediflieultyin woikmf'out the ilclails\nofhisintcrpietalion lure.\n' Tkldhva is undoubtedly Correct; R’aa’hviih is mcicl) ^ ^hj) ol Kajcndralal.i’s, and «]id not\ndeseiverecord in l\\roniei-\\\\ilhanis’y)iiL ]\\as yah isle.ad in .srinkh.l)anaAranjaka, VUl, 3.\n^^ C Tt h. e11 I, t3 r. ahb. manTh pre ie] s) tie ic sisi io cn qui ill iet dhe tu ose i;o if iat rh de ta ho eris st acis nft io eebe ann dote sd i, tscf inIn tt hi eod S. o, up t. hC (o\nthe place\nofthe dead), Satapatha Ihahmana, XT, 5, S,7; \\\\inteinitz, Ccuh drrnidisdi. ////.,I, 141,n.2.\nHe is not liere in any way connected with the Athaivavcda (the later connection is probably\ndue tohiseniplo}nieiit (Wintcrnit/, p. 139, 11.2i inthehousehold ritual which isfound mainl> m"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1582,
            "content": "250 AITAREYA ARANYAKA III, 2, 3-\nin the sacrifice. Thatwhich we have called the great person is the year which\ncauses some things to fall together*• and others to growup. Its essence is the\nsun. Let one know® thatthe incorporeal conscious selfand the sun are the same.\nTherefore the sun appears to each and everyman. A Rsi says (RV., I, 115, 1),\n‘I’he bright face of the gods hath arisen, the eye of Mitra, Varuna, and Agni.\ntheAth.'xrvavcHa) astheAtharvantextsalwaystrytomakeout(secliloomfiehl,S.B.E.,XL\\'I,\nIviiisq ; Athannn'cda, pp. 3a sq.; Macdonell, Satakrit Litcrattire^ pp. 193 sq.). KurTita\nyo-paiyet is quite .1 clear instance of a clause of characteristic, ‘such a priest as can see.’\nIn these casesthe force is slijjhllydifferent from twoother senses of the same origin,purpose,\nand result. Delbriick {Altindisihe Syntax, p. 339) states that clauses of purpose cannot l>e\nf J^o au tn ad pati ln ip aro Bs ie a, hrh nu at naq ,uot Xe Is ,A 5t ,ha i,rv 1a 3v :ed na, dV vl dl il, sii10, ma9 n: iii )y yd hm ve Avd gt nd hd yv ae jfd la ly yadd tau nb uh rdy aa stt ii ypa aj yi ev Ue vm da -;\nsmakam dkah sydd iti,which resemble in essentials this passage. The usage is perhaps more\nclearly developed in Latin^, but it is wrong to say (as do Allen and Greenough, Latin\nGrammar, p. 343) that the clause ofcharacteristic is a development peculiar to Latin,and it\nis doubtful whether the use is to Ixj tiaced to a definitely conditional origin and not rather\nderived directly from the opt. meaning as a weak lutuie (.Goodwin, CreekMoodsandTenses,\npp. 376 sq) or as cxpiessing supposition (cf. Monro, Homeric Grammar^ pp. 290sip, and\np. 276, ‘The ojit. with Ktv is esj,ecially common after a jirincipal Clause of negative\nmeaning (in which case the consequence is ;ieccssaiily matter of mere supposition) : as—\nII. 15, 192 'iirvoL 5’ ov irapiaat tcai apfiara rwv k &c. The jaireopt.occurs in II. 22,\n348: ovKtod' .. .dnakd\\Koi.' To derive sucha sense fioman opt. ofwish(Dclhruck’s old\ntheory, .Synt. I'o)seh, I, 13, modified in Synt. Forsch., IV, 115, Altindisihe Syntax, p. 302)\nseems quite inqio.ssiblc. The use as a mild imperative is easily derived from a weak future\nor supposition, and the useas an interrogative followsnaturally(cf. Introd., pp.62,63). For\ntheindefiniteuse,cf. Ill, 2, i,n. i,andBrhadaianyakaUpanisad,I,4, 17; IV,3,32,&c.\nFor brahmistham (which as brdhmistha occuis alieady in the Taittiiiya Sainhila), cf.\nWhitney,.Sanskrit Giammar, §468e. Theformationisofcouiseobviouslysecondary.\n* Atkyd hhdvayan is a strange phrase,forifatkyd is what itseems to be, an instrumental\nin ‘d, then this comparatively late word is found m a lemaikable foim, though not at all\nimpossible, cf. madhyd (Whitney, .Sanshit Grammar, §327c), or it may be a dative in -d\n(forthiscf. Latind,I.indsay,Latin Language, p.386,andseeAufrecht,LcstgrusianBohtlingk,\npp. I sq.; Macdonell, Vedic Grammar, p. 59; Wackcrnagel, Altindisihe Gramrnatik, I, 280;\nFischel and Geldner, VedUehe Studien, I, 61; Oldcnbcrg, S.B.E., XLVI, 28). Whitney\n{.Sanskrit Grammar, § 1091) takes the word as parallel to formations like akkhallkrtya (or\nakhkh'\\ RV.), masmasa kuru (Vajasaneyiand TaittiriyaSamhitas),&c.,andcomparesAitaicya\nBrahmana(I, 14, secAufrecht,p.430)anriidkartoh ; f^atnpathaBralimana,bfdakurydt(roaston\naspit). Wackcrnagel,Altindischc Grammatik,II, i,194,takesthesameviewwithsomedoubt.\n® This is ofcourse the most common doctrine in the Upanisads. Sayana quotes for the\nlast pait the Taittiriya passage (which I have not so far tiaced): asdv ddityahsarvdhprajdh\npratyudaiih udeti tasmdt sarva eva manyante mdm pratyudagdd itiI On this passage of\nthe RV., cf. Whitney, Translation ofAtharvaveda, p. 725 (on Xllf, 2,38); Deussen, Ges-\nchiehte, I, i, 213. Sayana’s commentary on it in Taittiiiya Aranyaka, 1 , 7, 6, and II, 13, i\ndifferscompletelyfromliiscomm,hereandcanhardlybebythesamehand.\n* Compare,c.g.,Caesar,Bell.Civ.,ii,15 undeaggerlomportariposset, nihileratreliquum\n;\nCicero, ad Earn., v. 12 neque enirn tu is es, qui nescias. Cf.Sadviip^aBrlhmana, II, 10;\nMaitiayaniSarphita,IT, i, 3."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1583,
            "content": "4\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-in, 2 251\n,\nIt hath filled heaven and earth and the sky. The sun is the selfof all that stands\nand moves.’ This I regard as the regular® Samhita as composed, thus says\nBadhva. For the Bahvreas consider him in the great hymn, the Adhvaryus\nin the fire, the Chandogas in the Mahavrata rite. They see him in this earth,\nin heaven, in the air, in the ether, in the wateis, in plants, in trees, in the moon,\nin the constellations, in all beings. Him they call brahman. The self which\nconsists of sight, hearing, metre, mind, and speech, is like the year in number.\nHe,’ who recites to another the self, which consists of sight, hearing, metre,\nmind, and speech, and is like the year,\n4. To him the Vedas yield no milk he has no part in what his teacher\nhas taught him. He knows not the pa; th of viitue. A R.si says this also\n(RV., X,.7i, 6), ‘He who forsakes the friend who knows his friends,’ in\nspeech he has no part. What he hears, he hears in vain, he knows not the\npath ofvirtue.’ 'I’liis means that he has no part in what he has studied and that\nhe does not know the path of virtue. So a man who knows this should not*\nlay the fire for another, nor sing the Samans of the Mahavrata for another, nor\nrecite the J^astras ofthat day for another. Only® may he recite for a father or\na teacher, for that is done for oneself. We have said* that this incorporeal\nconscious self and that sun arc one and the same. Where these two are\nseparated,^ the sun is seen like the moon,® its rays do not manifest themselves,\n* All the above must be lladhva’sview,just as III, 2, agave Kaunt^ravya’s views. The\nfollowing alludesto the fact that the Adhvaryu’s mystic speculationscentre in the Agnicayana,\ncf. Eggeling,.9.B.E., XLTTI, xxiv.\n’’ The section runs on in a way that cannot be early. V, I, i and 2 is precisely similar,\nandthepresentsectiondivision must remain ofdoubtful(though early)dale. Thedivisionsof\ntheJ^ankhayanaaresimilarlyillogical. Fortheloc., cf. Dclbruck,AlfhuiischeSyntuXy]\\ 205.\n* Sayana jioints out that Taitllilya Aranyaka,I, 3: II, 15, reads in this verse sakhiviJamy\na point overlooked in Bloomfield, Vedn ComordancCy p. 700’’. Say.ana’s reference does tend\nto show that he also wrote a Taiitirlya Aranyaka commentary, which on other grounds\nmightbedeemedverydoubtful (cf. Ill, 2, 3,n.5).\n3 i.e. act as Adhvaryu, Udgatf or Hotr priest. It is impossible to square the total pro-\nhibition here with V, i, 5, which (see n. 5) contemplates a breach of the rule, but it agrees\nwith theopinion of‘some’ {eke)in V, 3, 3,secn. 1 onthatpassage.\n® Afrequentexception. Cf. V,3, 3, n. i.\n* III 2, 3. The relevance of this passage is not obvious. Sayana takes it as a reflexion\ninduced by the idea of the attainment of brahman in the brief space of life, whence omens\nas to the duration of life are inserted. The connexion of sun and self is elsewhere used to\ngive omens ofdeath. In Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, V, 5, 2, the sun appears as white only\ntothe manabouttodie. Theparallel passagesinthe.SankhayanaareVIII, 7,andXI, 3; 4.\n* This is not very logical, as there is no reason why the separation of the two should\nbe a sign of death. The rest of the signs are clearly old folkloie ideas pressed intoservice.\nFor the extensive literature on Vedic superstitions, see Hillebrandt, Ritiial-l.itteratur,\npp. 167 sq., 133-185; Hatfield, Auianasddbhiitdniy J.A.O.S.y XV, Jo8, &c, ; Bloomfield,"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1584,
            "content": "; ,\nAITAREYA ARANYAKA\n252 III, 2, 4-\nthe sky is red like madder, the wind is not retained, his head smells like\na raven’s nest, and a man should knowthat his sclf^ is gone and that he will\nnot have long to live. Let him do then whatever he considers must be done,\nand recite seven versesbeginning,‘What isnear,what isfar’(RV.,TX,67, 21-27),\nthe single verse, ‘Of the ancient seed’ (RV., VIII, 6, 30), six verses beginning,\n‘Where puiifying Brahman’ (RV., IX, 113, 6-1 1), and the single verse, ‘We\nfrom the darkness’ (RV., I, 50, 10). Next when the sun is seen pierced, and\nlooks like the nave of a cart-wheel, or he sees his shadow pierced, let him know\nthat this is so. Next when he sees himself in a mirror or in the water with\na crooked head” or without a head, or w'hen his pupils are seen inverted® or\ncrooked, let him know that this is so. Next let him cover his eyes and look ;\nthen threads are seen as if falling together. If he sees them not, let him\nAthari'avcda, pp. 82 sq.; Kau^ika Snira, Xlfl, and Adhhuta Brahmana ; AufrcclU’s idea\n{Z,D.M.6'.,XXXIir, 573>thatthe passnfjeisnotin placeisdisproved hythe parallel in the\nt^rmkh.ljana, VTIT,6and 7; Xf, 3and4.\n“ 1.e. its rays arc j'alc and cold. Kakakultlyagandhiktim is probablyan adj, as a qnasi-\np inred M. anaFo vr ac (x ia fm hj yi alc Ss u, ticf a. ,D It Jl ,br 1i 4i ,ck, 23,Ali Jt vu nd ai us cc rhe taS ky et stla itx, (wp ip o. ng7 l8, y,79.\nI\ntK hu il nki )iya asis =a stc au lr lio (^u cs f.w po .rd 55:\nofhisedit.).\n' Anandalirlha renders savipatefo as samnikr^laftigamali^ Sayana as rnrtah. In yat-\nmavyeta the opt. is probably indef. Tt may also be ‘attracted’, cf. Speijer, I’eduihe uud\nSan^ktit-Syu(iiXy § 281. d'heforminontya is rareintheBrahrnanas,cf.Delbruck, Alltndtsihe\nj)[). 400, 401 ; Whitney, Sansknt Cximmar, §965. The u'^e ofman with parlicijiles\nol all sorts is cuiious, cf. the use with the gerund, Whitney, §994e; Siieijer, Vedisrhe und\nSansknf-SyntaXf§223; withthepics,part.,Ill,i,4. Withthepastpart.,eveninBihaddevata,\nc.g. VII, 125.\n* The leading ofthe text is supjiorted byS.ayanaand also by Anandallrtha and is certain.\nFor water divination, cf. Farncll, Ctdh ofthe Greek States, IV, 230. For ddaria (also in\ntheBrhadriran)akaandKajhaUpanisads),cf. MaxMuller,.V.B.E.,XV, xxiv.\n® .Sayana explains awhite pupil ina black eyeball. It probablymeansonly,upsidedown,\nalthoughthecontrastofwhiteandblackintheeyeis frequent, JI, 1,5. IsankliayanaAranyaka,\nVllI, 7,suggestsleadingherejihmenavd,‘orarenotseenatall,’andthismayberight.\nSfiyana explains the opciation thus, (aksusJnimllya netrasydpdni^am avastabhya netra-\ni.amtparnpaiyet Aiiandatlithahas,anj^dydaksimulamavadahhya. Thebatarakani{Inudtakdn\nor vatdtakun in S.uikh.ljana) arc, S.lyana says, vartulani suksmdni iiikhivarndni kehrypa-\nka^abdabhidheydai, andhetakessampaiantivaassamyannelrdnnirgachantiva. This ishardly\n]iossible. I'orvardtakdn cf.^lihaisa,Khaiidan.akliandakhidya,p. 239,cited byJacob,Lauki-\nkanydydrljali, p. 1. d'heconstructionisdilhcult,asX\\\\*iyaihdisnotproperlyinplace. It may\nbe yathdgoeswithbatarakdmandivaqualifiesowX'jsampatanti,andthesenseis,thingsarc\nseen like, &c., but it is also possible that tadyathd is jiractically then it is that. This\nuse is of couisc common in later Sanskrit, c.g. Bana, Kfidambari (p. 337, 12,cd.Peterson;\n]). 600, ed. Nirnaya Silgara) : dgamesu sarvein eva purdnardmdyanabhdratddmi samyag\nanekaprakdrdh (:dpa7'rttdh tad yathd, &c. Cf. the Pali use of seyyathd. Bfhadaranyaka\nUjxanisad,IV, 3,43 s(phasaseriesoftadyathd\n\\\nsoibid., IV,4,4, 5,&c.\nCases of conditional sentences without particles are of course very ficqucnt in Vedic as"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1585,
            "content": ",\n’ TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-Ill, 2, 4 253\nknow that this is so. Next let him cover his ears and listen, then there is\na sound as of a burning fire or of a chariot. If he does not hear that sound,\nlet him know that this is so. Next when the fire appears blue like the neck\nof a peacock, or when he sees lightning in a cloudless sky, or no lightning in\na cloudy sky, or in a great cloud secs bright rays as it were, let him know that\nit is so. Next when he sees the ground as though burning, let him know\nthat this is so. So far as regards the visible signs. Then come the dreams.*'^\nHe sees a black man with black teeth, he kills him ; a boar kills him ; a monkey\njumps on him; the wind carries him swiftly along; having sw^allowed gold\nhe spits it out; he eats honey; he chews stalks; he carries a single''’ lotus;\ni An ufo rt ch ce hr t,la An ig tu aa rge es y. aBrCf d. hmSp ae ni aje ,r, p.V’ 4‘ 3e 1di ;sch me yun nod teSa .t yt .sk Rn .'i A- .Sy R/iia 1x 9, 09§ .284; SanskntSyniax, § 487 ;\nThe Maitreya Upanisad (Max Muller, S.JJ.R., XV, xlvi) has a passage which may be\nreminiscent of this text: agnir vaih'dnaro . . . tasyaiui gho^o Idiavatiyam (wrong reading\n7yad) etat kanidv opidhdya iruoli sayadotkra7)n':yan hhinuiti nainatn ghouitn h'twii.\nForupahdif infra,whichdenotesliterallythenoiseofgoingand is paiticulailyinplacehere,\ncf. Aitareya Brahmana,IV,9,3; Jaiminiya Biahmana,I, 253; JaimmiyaUpanisadBrahmana, 1,\nZ37 ., ,3 X, Wwi ,th 55O .er St ce hl c’s ftn eo lt oe wi; tzR {V Z. u, rI, S7 t4 (, im7 }, }iw li nt lh diO ml id ;c innb de eii tg’ i^ ndn oo -gt ee i( v. i9. atB i. i\\A c. h, cnX SL p\\ niI i, h9 c4 u) ,; §S 9c )h cm oi md pt, aiK e.\ns\nKV.,TX, 77,4: whichheconsidersasgoingbackto \\K\\,pago^cf.(Beckirr^yq. Thecon-\nstruction abovedriyate and ahhikhydyeta inparallel uses,and belowdf\\yale-pid}U'n-ft(i paiycn-\npaiycfn, arcdecidedlycurious(cf. Introd., p. 63). The temptation to amend to driycta is very\nstrong, andonthewhol —eTinclinetothinkthatitwould bedangeroustoinsistontheseexamples.\nThe case of upcheta driynnte differs, for the two verbs are not parallel. The first is an\ninstruction, the second expiesses categorically the result (and driyatite may have helped to\nbring about the incorrect driyate). In III, i, 4, where i —igavadet and dJui occur, the aha is\nvery strange, and one would like to take Uikuoufy aha hasyati —ty as two sentences both\ndependent on bruydt. There is, however,the real diflicultythat a x/hd. wouhl be a strange\ncombination, and the division of the sentences is also curious, though no more curious than\nthe aha. I suspect some corruption of the text. S.lyana rendeis diffeiently. lie takes the\nwhole as one Mantra and supplies bhavdn as a subject for aha^ and so in the next sentence\nhe interpolates bhavdn aha in Sense. In the numerous passages in the Aitareya Brahmana\nwhich arc more or less parallel (see the relT. cited in III, i, 6, n. 5), no such dha occurs,\nand hdsyati has noprefix. But prob.ablyd—hdsyatimustgotogcthei. Aha might, ofcourse,\nbe taken as a first person and made part ofthe quotation (cf. Speijcr, § 178), but this is not\nlikely, and fortheindef. ojd., cf III, 2, 1,n. i.\nMayiiragrJvdh is perhaps intended by the reading of B, iHayfirag7Jvd arneghe (but\nJsafikhayana has mayuragrivd when it can be °vdh)\\ and undoubtedly grivdh is the form\nalone recognized by Panini and usual in the earlier literature,y^. R.A..S., 1906, pp. 916-919.\nProbably the reading was originally mayiiragtivdmeghe by an incorrect Sandhi for mayiira-\ngrwdh. ForsimilarirregularSandhi,cf. Buhler,•!>.B .R.y11,xli(fromApastamba) ; Macdoncll,\nBrhaddevatd, I, xxvii ; and V,3, 2,n. 9; III, i,3,n.2. For the next portent, cf. Pischel,\nVedischeStudien^^^ i\\2,\n“ Thepluralmustberight. Cf.Markandcyarurana,XLIII,isq.\n;\nIlillebrandt,op.cit.,p.184.\n‘Red’ incolour(Sayana)\n;\nforredasunlucky,,cf.A./J.Jl/.6.,XL, 117."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1586,
            "content": "A\n, , ;\n254 AITAREYA ARANYAK III, 2, 4-\nhe drives with a team of asses and^^ boars; wearing a wreath of red flowers,\nhe drives a black cow with a black calf towards the south.^*^ If he sees any\nof these, he should fast and cook a pot of milk, and offer it, reciting a verse\noftheRatri hymn(RV.,X, 127, 16) toeach oblation,and havingfed theBrahmins\nwith other food,^® himselfeat the oblation. Lethim know that the personwithin\nall beings who is not heard,” not reached, not thought, not subdued, not seen,\nnot understood, not classified, but who hears, thinks, sees, classifies, sounds,\nunderstands, and knows is his own self.’®\n5 . Now comes this Upanisad of the whole speech. All these indeed are\nUpanisads of the whole speech, but this they so call. The jmutes are the\nearth, the sibilants the sky, the vowels heaven. The mutes are fire, the sibilants\nair, the vowels the sun. The mutes are the Rgveda, the sibilants the Yajurveda,\ntlie vowels the Samaveda. The mutes are the eye, the sibilants the ear, the\nvowels the mind. The mutes are the up-breathing, the sibilants the down-\nbreathing, the vowels the back-breathing. Then comes this divine lute.’ The\n‘Or’(Sayana),whichmaybemorecorrect.\nThetendreamsaresotaken bythecommentator and byMaxMullerwhosenote(p. 262)\nis apparentlywrong. Eteulmkimeid is noteworthy. The neut. ofthe pronoun is practically\nnominal and is to be compared with the neut. in predication, TIT, i, 2, n. 4. So in Latin,\ne.g. Horace,Sat.,i,7:Lydorum qtiicquid. TheparallelpassageintheJ^ankhayanahascorrected\ntheoriginalkimeidoftheMS.,butthecorrespondenceisconclusive.\nCooked in the house (Sayana). See Sahkhiiyana Gfhya Siitra, V, 5, 9, and my article,\nJ 1. ,1R. 14A ;, OS l,, dc1 n9 b0 e7 r, g,p. S9 .2 B9 .;Efors Xt Xha Xl ,ipd xk va i,, ns .ee 4.Br Fh oa rda tr ha en cy aa uk sa atU ip va en wi is ta hd, inV sI tr, .4 a, n1 d9\nacc.,cf.Dclbriick,\nAUindische Syntax, jip. 22459.; Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar, §§ 277 a, 282 b; Speijer,\nV’^edischt und San<;krit'Syntax, § 21; Sanskrit-Syntax, §49. According to Panini, I,4,52,\nandtheexamplescitedintheKasikaVrtti,adloc.,hereweshouldhavetwoaccusatives.\nAtah is rendered by Sayana, asmad dehendriyddisahghatdd vilahana iti ksah, while\nAnandatirtha suggests adhikah.\nThisisthemostadvancedpointinthe —definitionoftheAtmanarrived atintheAranyaka.\nThe Atman isnot object, but subject only as Sayana says,dtmd visayona bhavativisayjtu\nhhavaty cva. This occurs frequently later .and with it the doctiine that the selfcannot be\nknown. Sayana cites the antarydmibrdhmana, Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, III, 7, 13, the\nakuirabrdhmana ibid.. Ill,8, ii; the Kausitaki Upanisad, I,8; the PrafenaUpanisad, IV, 6;\nand the Nfsiqibottaratapanlya Upanisad, II. See also Deussen, Philosophu der Upanishads,\nP (P =- K1 e.^ n3 asq U. pa; nE i. sT a. d, ).pp. 147sq. JaiminiyaUpanisadBrahmana, IV,18,is devoted to this topic\n^ i.e.thehumanbody. ThismetaphorexplainsPr.a4naUpanisad,II,2,wherevdna(V,i,4)\nisequatedtoiarira,whichMaxMuller(.S’.B,E.,XV,274,n.3)findsunintelligible. Connected\nwith Visnu is Anandatlrtha’s explanation ofthe word daivi. Ambhana is a curious word.\nI think it is from anu-v i>han (as in Class. Sansk. for ^bkan, Wackemagel, AUindische\nGrammatik, I,194). Compare ambara for anu+vara andjdmhila forjdnu-\\rbila (ibid., 59).\nThe omission^,before v (common) led to omission before b and sporadically before bh. The\nmeaningwouldbe‘sounding-board’(’). Cf. v.Schroeder,Ind. Lit.,p. 755*"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1587,
            "content": ";\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-Ill, 2 , 5 255\nhuman lute is an imitation of it. As there is a head of this, so there is a head\nof that ; as there is a stomach of this, so there is a cavity of that ; as this has\na tongue, so that has a tongue as this has fingers,® so that has strings as\n; ;\nthis has vowels, so that has tones as this has consonants, so that has touches\n;\nas this is endowed with sounds and firmly strung, so that is endowed with sounds\nand firmly strung ; as this is covered with a hairy skin, so that is covered with\nahairy skin. For in former limes they covered lutes with a hairy skin. lie, who\nknows this divine lute, is heard when he speaks, his fame fills the earth, and\nwherever they”speak Aryan tongues, there isheknown. Then comes the essence\nofspeech. When a man reciting^ or speakingatan assembly gives not pleasure,\nlet him recite this verse, ‘May the she-ichneumon, that rules all speech, who is\ncovered as it were“ by the lips, surrounded by teeth, the thunderbolt, cause me\nto speak well here.\" This is the essence ofspeech.\n® Thewordsaii^ulayahandtantraynh seemtohavebeentransposed intheoriginal theyare\n;\nincoriect orderinSankhayanaArnnyaka, VIII, 7. Somewhatanalogous is the tiansposition of\n^and jardyu in vSatapatha Briihmana, VI, 6, 2, 15, on which see Kggeling’s note\nCf. also Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, III, i, 4 with Max Muller’s note\nXV, 122),and mySankhayanaAranyaka, p.55, n. 3.\n® Theexpression(hydvdcahwasnotunderstoodbythecommentators(and inthe.‘Sankhayana\nAranyaka, VIII,9, we find thatit hasbecome dryd lulgvadati),whotake drydh asnominative\nand render it vcdaidslrapdram gatdh. Thisis a clear sign of considerable antiquity, and the\nexpression may also be cited as an early piece of evidence for the existence of several\ndialects of the early Indian language, which we knowmust have existed; see I, 5, 2,n. 19;\nOeitel, A.J,P.fXX, 447on datvt, and Kathaka Satphila, XIV,5. For the word cf.\nZimmer,AldndisrhrsLcbcn^ p.214\n;\nPischcl,Z.D.M.G.,XL,125\n;\nGeldncr{I'cdische Studun^\n1 (1 s1 ec,9 i6 n, de9 x7) toin .s S'i .s Bts .t Eh .a ,t Xa Lry Va l)ca sn tn ilo lt adm oe [)a tn s‘ tht ehe ecA jr uay ta in on’ Aw ^hi yc ah —is Arr ye ap nr ,esentedbydrya, Oldenberg\n* Sayana distinguishes between reciting at a conclave ofpriests, and speaking in a prince’s\nhall. Virnrucusetaisquite impossibleasaform,anditis aneasyerrorin viewofthepreceding\nsyllables, each having ti. The middle of the opt. of the desiderative is not common. Cf.\nIloltzmann, CravimaiisihcsausdemJSfahdhhdratayp.42.\n® Sayana gives an altern;ilive rendering, mr—not, and —clear, the subject being the\nspeaker’s defective speech. Anandatirthagives onlythe explanationas na«=»iva. Theversein\nlioccursamongtheSantlveiscsoftheso-calledthiidAdhyaya. Forthemetaphor,cf.Jaiminlya\nUpanisadBrahmana, III, 19. In the version in the Anand.a4rama ed., p. 2, nakulTisprinted\nas a separate word. But nakulT can only mean a female ichneumon, and nakulTdantaih\nis a jdirase for which no parallel seems readily forthcoming. Sayana gives vajravaddhani-\nbhutair ajitardlathidrarahttair which docs not help. In any case to join kulidantaih makes\na curious though not unparalleled metre in an e.arlyverse such as this must be,and ifanom.\ncould be found in kidi the run of the veise w'ould be much improved. The rendering of\nthe text by Max Muller ‘surrounded by birth, as if by spears’ is purely conjectural, and\nI suspect the tradition. The parallel passages aie oflittle use. TheSamaMantraBrahmana,\nI, 7, 15,has osthdpidhand nakttlldantaparimitahpavih,whiletheGobhilaGrhyaButra, III,4,\n29,giveso]thdpidhdndnakulioi\\\\y. Oldenberg(A.B.E.jXXX, 84)renders ‘theshe-ichneumon,\ncovered by the lips’, as does Kn.aucr in his translation. Ifthis is to be made into sense,it"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1588,
            "content": "256 AITAREYA ARANYAKA III, 2, 6-\n6. Now Krsnaharita* proclaims this Brahmana as it were regarding speech\nto him.® Prajapati, the year/ after creating creatures, burst. He put himself\ntogetherby the metres. Because he puthimself together by means ofthe metres,\ntherefore is it the Sanihita. Ofthat Sanihita the letter n is the strength, the letter\ns the breath, the self. lie who knows the verses in the Sarnhita and”^ the\nletters n and j, he knows the Sarnhita with its breath and its strength. Let him\nknow that this is lifegiving.® If he is in doubt whether to say it with an n\nor without an n, let him say it with an If he is in doubt whether to say it\nwith an s or \\vithout an .f, let him say it with an s. Hrasva Mandukeya says, ‘If\nwe repeat the verses according to the Sarnhita, and if we say the teaching® of\nmust be taken that the she-iebneumon is a synonym for what is very piercing: the nearest\napproximation to this idea is the passage in Atharvaveda, VT, 139, 5 (cited in Zimmer,\nAltindischcs Leben, p.86),which refcis to the ichneumon’s(m.)skillinchopping up and then\nlestonnghiswork.\nA son of Ilarita, who was dark in colour (Sayana), cf. TTiranyadant Vaida, II, i, 5.\nAKumaraIlaiita(so,not TlaiTta)appears in BrhadilranyakaUpanisad,IT,6, 3; TV,6,3; VT,\n4,4. V'cber{Indian Iiferatme,p.50)readsIlurita, and thelawyeris alwaysso called(ibid.,\n. 269), even in Apastamba Dharma Sntra, I, 10, 29, 12; 16. On the other hand Vartlika 8\non Piinini, 1, J, 73, recognizes ITaritakata,and r.anini, IV, i, 100,ITarita^ana as names,where\nITaritaappears. Weber’s Ilarlta here is therefore probablywrong, and Sankhayana Aranyaka,\n\\'ITr, ij, hasIrfinahdnta.\nHnllmiana here means secret doctrine like Upanisad. Iva seems to be used to indicate\nthe somewhat unusual sense; the l^ankhayana version has €va\\ cf.1, 1, 3,n. 3; y.A’./t.A.,\n1908, p. 1193, n. I. Sayana in his commentary repeatedly has phiuses like antayyamihrah-\nwana, the secret doctrine of the antarydmin^ sec III, 2, 4, n. 18, and cf. the name of\nllrhadaran)aka Upanisad, T, 4 {purtAsavidhabrdhmana')^ Max Muller, XV, 25, and\nthecommontasyoktainbrdhmanam,\n® Tohispupilorson(AnandatlrthaandSayana).\n* 'I'he rending of B, samvatsaram (see Introd.,p. 3),must be a correction to imjirove the\nsense. But it could never have been conupted into samvatsarah. Piajapati as the year is a\nBrahmnnic commonplace (for its deeper significance, sec h'ggeling, S.B.E., XLIll, xx sq.),\n.g. Ailarcya Brahmana, IT, 17, 2; VT, 19, 7; Maitrayaru Samhitri, I, 10, 8; Kausitaki\nBrahmana, VI, 15; .Sankhayana Aranyaka, T, i. See. The phrase Prajdpatih pyajdh sf'dvd\nzyasramsata ib fiequent in .‘satapatha Brahmaria, VI-X, not in I-V ; Weber,Ind..Stud.,XllI,\nh2 o6 w8 ev; ea rn ,d .Sf aor tapa ats hi ami Bla rr ahc ma as ne ac ,f. X,IT, I,4, i,3, i n a. nd14. 2. O Tn he e cm oi ng fh ut siotr nan os flat ze y, m‘ rh ae msi as dt dhe ay ne dar. °' sataCf. i, s\nanotherexampleoftheconfusionofsurd and sonantsocommon in Jsarada M.SS. Cf. Lanman\nin Whitney’s Translation of the Atharz>aveda, pp 57> ^045> J- blertcl, Tantrdkhydyikd,\np.x ®vi\nTh;\niR sot ibh, theZ. liD t. eraM l. reG n. d, eX riI n> gV .ITT S, ay1 a0 n6 a-1 ta11 k.\nesit,‘Whorecitestheversesthinkingofthenands\nwhichaccompanytheSarjihita.’\n* Tothe.Sarnhita(Sayana),orpeihapstothereciter, ifnottoboth.\n’ Sayana takes it, ‘Tfa pupil askhisteacher,’but thisis unnecessary. Thequestionis,he\nsays,whetherthereflectionontheSamhitiiistotakethedifferencesofn andfintoaccountornot.\n® Sayana refers this to fbiiravlra’s doctrine, Til, i, i. For cf.KausitakiBrahmana,\nXIV, 5; S.mkha)anaAran}aka,I,6,MhcreUr.Fiiedlanderrenders‘liinreichend,gcniigend"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1589,
            "content": "^\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-Ill, 2, 6 257\nMandukeya, then the letters n and s are obtained for us/ Sthavira 6akal)a‘’\nsays, ‘Ifwe lepeat theverses according to the Sarnhita, and ifwe say the teaching\nof Mandukeya, then the letters n and s are obtained foi us/ Then the seers,\nthe Kavaseyas, knowing this,*® say, ‘To what end shall we repeat the Veda,\nto what end shall we sacrifice? For we sacrifice breath in speech,** or in breath\nspeech. For what is the beginning, that is the end/ These Samhitas let no\none tell to one who is not a resident pupil, who has not been with the teacher\nfor one year, and who is not himself to become a teacher. Thus say the\nteachers.*®\n\" The sayin<;s are uU'nlical, and apparently this is intended to denote that the doctrine\nreceived univer^al acceptance. The passaf»e may indicate (cf. also Sankhayana Srauta Sutra,\n.^1vvhereSakalya isyoungerapparentlythanMandukeya)thattheMandukeyaS.ikhahad\nits Saiiihita text before Sakalya producedtheI’adaTatha, whichiscpiitclikely.\nThis is a clear proof that the holders of the Aranyaka doctrine icjected sacrifices or\nr pII .e ,c 6i 5t 3a .;ti Co h An as n Ta d us o rg am ye a Ka an U vs p aa sno eif ys aak dn p,o tw iVl r, oe hd 1 ig 1 te - a, 24 oc ff ;. JTI aaih nth ata mid era jir y aaa y^ aUy pa a ok n ca ci usU rap sda ,n ii nIIs ,a Kd 5 h, i; lI aD, ,e5 u T, s ,s2 9e3 ,n,; 6,PK h aa i nu ls d,it d i,a nk U —i p aU a sp ma asn lhi rs n ea d ad ds,\ny\nnoted byColebrooke, I, 72; see Oldenbeig, Z.D.M.6’., XLll, 239Mp—theAitaieya\nlirahmana, IV, 27; VII, 39; VIII, 21. For thespelling cf.Schcftelowit/,PieApokryphendcs\nJ\\gi<€d,i^ Addenda,p.190; Wackernagel,Aliindi.\\che(Jyammattk, I, 239, Wintcniitz dcr\nindisch. Lil/.f I,199)usesthestoiyofKavasaasthesonofanon>llrahiniii (Aitareya Hrahmana,\nII, 19) as a ])lece of evidence in favour of the theory of the attribution to (ho Ksatriyas of\nphilosoj)hic speculation over the origin of the doctrine of transmigration (cf. Introd., pp. 50,\n51; Garbe,Btilrai^c zur tndiithen A'tt/lurgcSihtch/Cf pp. i S(|.). lie argues thattheBrahmins\nmerelyaccepted and madethese doctrines their own byadojiting them alongwith the doctrinci\nof the four Asiamas. This all seems very doubtful. That among the piiesls none should\nrise superior to the sacrificial cultus is contiary to all religious history. That hermits,(Sdc.,\nweie originally not of the priestly casteis a mere theoryandnota piobableone. Winternilx*\nview leads him (p. 202, n. i) to adopt the improbable theory of Aranyaka .as a text to be\nstudied byVanaprasthas, for which he cpiotes the (late) Aruneya Upanisad (Deussen,Seihziir\nUpauishads^ p. 693) and Kamanuja (Thibaut, XLVllI, 645). Cf. Intiod., p. 16.\nIt must alw.ays be remembcicd that the Brahinan.as contain alieady in germ all the ideas\nwhich make up the fundamental doctrine of the Upanisads; even the doctrine of trans-\nmigration is presaged in the doctiine ofrepeated deaths in the other woild. It is ini[)ossibIe\nto explain why the Brahmins became so completely the bearers of the atman doctrine if it\nwas not theirsexinitio. ProfessorMacdonell has toldmethathe concurs in thisview,which\nthusgains gieatwpght,and sec mynotes,y. K.A.A., 1908,pp.838,868, 1142. The Kavase-\nyas are cited by Sankara on Svetasvatara Upanisad (ed. Rocr, p. 257) as opposed to works,\nWeber, IT,418.\n\"..Cf. JaiminTya UjianisadBrahmana, I, 2, 2,6.\n*^ Cf.V, 3,3; Weber, Indian Literaiint\\ p.49,n. 35.\nMahidasa, &c. (Anandatiithaj. Cf. 1, i, i, n.5; II,3, 5, n.4. Probably the plural is\nonlymaicilatis.\nKEITH S"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1590,
            "content": "a\n258 AITAREYA ARANYAKA IV-\nARANYAKA IV\nA.<valayana (Srauta Sillra, VII, 12, 10) gives the following account of the\npurpose of the Mahanamni verses. On the fifth day of the prdhya six day\nceremony, at the midday pressing of the Soma, corresponding to the Ni^kevalya\nl^astra, the Udgatrs sing sometimes the J^akvara Saman as one of the Prstha\nSiolras/ and then® use the Mahanamni ver^esas the basis of the Saman. These\nnumber nine, but for the purposes of the Saman they arc made into three, each\nconsisting of three verses. These verses are recited adhyardhakaram, that is,\nfirst one and a half verses arc recited, then comes a pause, then the remaining\none and a half, followed by the syllabic om. Then arc recited the nineputisa-\npadrmt, additional verses. 'I'liese may either be recited simply straight on as\nthey stand in the text, or the first five may be made into two sets of five syllables\neach, thus:\nEva hicv\nI\ntvd hiAgnd^u\n\\\nthe being taken without Sandhi, the last four\npurhapadaitibeingrepeated without a pause in the middle. See also ^ankhayana\nSrauta Sutra, X, 6, 10, and comm.\nTheMahanamniverses occurin theAranya Samhita,andintheNaigeya6akha\nat the end of the Purvareika of the Samaveda, and as one of the Khilas of the\nRgveda, sec Peterson, Second Report, p. 97, Scheftelowitz, Die Apohyphen des\nRgveda, pp. 134-136. They are referred to in the Brhaddevata, VIII, 100,\n^ankli.iyana iirauta Sutra, X, 6, lo, Rgviclliana, IV, 25, and iankhayana Grhya\nSutra, II, II, 12, &c. From these sources, and from Baudhayana, cited in\nOldcnberg, Prolegomena, p. 509, n., it appears that they followed directly upon\nthe verse tac chamyor, which, accordingto the Sankhayana Grhya Sutra, IV, 5, 9,\nis the end of the Rgveda Samhita (in the Bnskala recension), and, according\nto Narayana on Asvalayana Grhya Sutra, III, 9> Ihc end of the Baskala\nrecension.^ It is not, liowevcr, quite clearwhat this means, since tacchamyor\noccurs as the last verse of two Khilas V, 1 and 3, in Scheftelowilz’s edition,\nviz. the satnjhiinam and pradhvarCityun Khilas, and the three Khilas, V, 1—3,\nthe second being the nairhasiyam^ have 5+3+7=^^r) veises. Ihe view of\n'\nForthese,seeespeciallyKggcling,S./>’.E.,XLI,xxsq.\n“ TheSfikvaraisnormallybasedonSamaveda,II, 1151-1153(*Sayana and Mahidhara cited\nhyligRclin^,p,XX,n. 2).\n’ Cf.alsoOklenbery’snoteonSankhayanaGrhyaSutra, IV,5,9,andInd,Stud.,XV, 150."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1591,
            "content": "-IV TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n259\nOldenbcrg, who had not^ the evidence of the MS. of the Khilas before him,\nwas {Prolegomena^ p. 502) that the Samhita ended with the first tac chamyor,\ni.e. with Khila, V, i, and Scheftclowitz (pp. ii, 132) liolds that this is correct.\nOldenberg, how-ever, held (p. 509) that the Mahanamnl verses followed directly\naftertac chamyor^ and (p. 501) expressed the view that the following ten verses\nw'ere some of them modern. But of the direct evidence for the immediate\nsequence of the Mahanamni verses, cited by Oldenberg, the Rgvidhana alone\nfully bears him out, for the Khila MS. has the Mahanamnl verses after the\npradhvarandm Khila, and this is probably the meaning of Brhaddevata, VIII, 94,\nas interpreted by Prof. Macdonell. It is an easy conjecture that the Rgvidhana,\nwhich has other coincidences with the Brhaddevata®, followed that work, but\nmisunderstood the word caturthafn, which most probably must mean ‘the fourth\nofthe hymns after X, 190'. This fact weakens greatly the force of Oldenberg's\nargument from the modern character of the last ten verses, and in point of\nfact it is diflTicult to deny that the verse tac chantyor is modern in appearance,\nand that it need not be separated in time fiom the last seven verses. For the\nsecond tac chant yor being the end of the Sariihita in the Baskala recension,\nwe have the clear evidence of the commentator on the Caranavyuha,® who\nactually cites the verses. Dr. Scheftelow'itz considers that the commentator is\nuntrustwoithy, and later than Sayana, but this appears very doubtful. We knowq\nhe argues, that the commentator explains the eight extra hymns attiibuted to\nthe Ba;kala 6akha by the Anuvakanukiaman! as being seven of the Valakhilyas\nand the samjiiCinam hymn of fifteen verses, but the number should be ten, as\nthe samjhdnam hymn is really composed of three hymns. But it is difficult\nto maintain that it is impossible that the fifteen verses, despite their difierence\nof contents, were not regarded in early days as one hymn, for several of the\nRgvedic hymns are notoriously patchwork, and this aj)plies moie strongly still\nto later Samhitas.\n]\\Iuch more important is the question of their antiejuity. Oldenberg makes\nthe Mahanamni verses an exception to his general view, that the Kliilas arc\non the whole of later origin, and holds that they are coeval with the Rgveda,\nand w^ere merely omitted because of some reason of ritual teaching from the ten\nMandalas. Dr. Schcftelowitz, who disputes Oldcnberg’s general position, and\naccepts Plillebrandt’s theory of the purer ritual tradition, assigns the verses\n(p. 3) to the end of the Rgvedic period. Further, Oldenberg'^ has suggested\n* He takes no notice of the new evidence in his review of Schcftelowitz, Gott. gel, Anz.,\n1907, p. 227, forwhichandforother valuablepapersIamindebted tohn>kindness.\n“ Macdonell,lirhaddevota, I, 147. Oldcnbeig,Piolcgotnena^pp. 495, 501, 50a.\n’ S.B.E., XXIX, 156.\nS %"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1592,
            "content": ";\n26o AITAREYA ARANYAKA IV-\nthat the verses arealliuleci toas the Sakvari verses in Rgveda, VII, 33, 4; X, 71,\nII, and this suggestion is at least plausible. I’hey are apparently referred to\nas Mahanamnis in the Atharvaveda and Yajurveda (see below). It is borne out\nto some extent at least by the character of the language, which shows the rare\nforms dnuLimsiwh, s/use, vide, ise, rhjdse, and samnyase. I’he metre is also\nof an arcliaic t}pe in so far as resolutions are frequently necessary to restore\nit. Tlie Khila AnukramanT gives the following note: vidd dasa padas ca pahea\nViivdmitra Indro va Prajdpaiir Aindram pavanam dmistuhhatn purlsapaddny\nAgncyavaiptavaindrapan^tjadaiviini vairdjCmi dviOydpancarnyCiv upiihau caiurthi\n7iyahhisdrini saplatnl piirastddbrhaii navamyaniye pahkCi. As a matter of fact,\nas both Weber* and Oldenberg recognize, the verses are not preserved in their\nprimitive form, but only as modilied to suit their supposed sacred character.\nIn verses 2, 5, and 8, which were a})parentlyoriginallyanustubhs, the fourth pdda\nhas been omitted for the insertion of a sort of refiain. Verses i, 3, and 6 are\ninanu^tubh. Verse4 appearstobe8-fi2-f8-f8; verse 7, 12-f8-f8+8 ; verse9,\n8+8+8+8 -f8. The rest is in no regular metre. Oldenberg(p. 33) considers\nthat originally the metre consisted of seven and five sets of eight syllables\nrespectively, but this seems hardly Ixirne out by the facts. It should be noted\nthat the Khila text manufactures the last four of the nine purhapaddniinto one\nverse('), and in this respect is certainly not old, for the purjsapaddni cannot\nreasonably be held to have ever made up a verse. Theyare referred to, however,\nas five in the Kausitaki Biahmana, XXII I, 2, and connected with Prajfipati, Agni,\nIndia, Pu^an,and Devah, and in the Brhaddevata, VIII, 102, they are connected\nwith the same deities, save that Visnu is substituted for the Devah (so the A\nversion the B version omits Prajapati, while Mitra’s text includes both Prajapati\n;\nand the Dev.ih, see IMacdoneH’s note). They are also mentioned in the Panca-\nvinisa Brahmana, XIII, 4, 12, where claboiate directions arc given as to their\nselection to make up the sukvara saman, Latyuyana Sutra, IV, 10, 18, Sahkhayana\nSrauta Sutra, X, 6, 13, &c., and in theAitarcya Brahmana, IV, 4; V, 7; VI, 24 ;\nAtharvaveda, XI, 7, 6; Vajasaneyi Svimhita, XXIII, 35: Kathaka Samhita,\nX, 10; Taittiriya Samhita, V, 2, ii, i.®\nThe verses contain several phrases reminiscent of the Rgveda, perhaps bor-\nrowed from earlier hymns; at least they tend toconvey an impression ofsecond-\n—\nhand use: jetdravi dpardfitam '^dAi I, ii, 2; sdnahparsadd//=RV., X, 187, i;\nIndratn dhanasya satdye is the lastpada ofRV., VIII, 3, 5'> (this I owe to Bloom-\n« hid.stud., VITI,68.\n® For the last four reff. I am indebted to Bloomfield, Vedic Concordance, p. 696*, who\ngives other passages; cf. also Weber, Ind. Stud., XVII, 358; Fggeling, .i’.B, E.,XLI, xx\nXLIV, 380, 11, 2."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1593,
            "content": "-IV TRANSLATION AND NOTES\n261\nfield, Velic Concordance, p. 210'’); sdm anye'su brattrivahai=VN I, 30, 6; sdkhu\nsuUvo ddraydh=z'KN\nI, 187, 3'!; davislha vajrinn rnjdse I, 80, 1“ (wi'th\nojdsa). These last two cases seem to me strongly in favour of the later date\nofthese verses, for bravdvahaiis not unnatural in RV.,I,30, 6, where it seems to\nrefer to Indra and the speaker who are to agree in other battles, the previous\nhalf verse referring to a conflict, but it is distinctly awkward liere wliere the\nfirst halfverse has no reference to a fightor other occasion ofassociation. This\nonly, however, proves that the Mahanamnl verses are not among the earliest parts\nof the Rgveda. ^\nThe last purisapadam made out ofthe preceding verses, evi hisakrd,\nfromV. 2; vast hiiakr6 , fromv. 5; vdsafi dmi, from v. 4. I'heAsvalayana ^rauta\nSiltra, VI, 2, 9, shows that other pddas of the verses were used independently\nsin umt nh ae ari dt hu eal hi: vp ora vc ae sl am via Hypr aa nc ue si ia upyd \\ya Ih bi idp .,ih 1a 2,m ha aU sv :a uI dkr ya at dus hrc ah da hn nd aa syr aia vm hth ar ph aa mt\npit ui rp vca sn Cd ih man hal ry ia va\\ hev sa tdh Cy inCe wv iai Hv ia yh ah ji ad tr ia; I^ an\\ dad ai gah ii nsa tk hr eo puva rs it sah pi as da ak nr ia initi Vj Ia ,pi 3t ,vd 26I .apCih\nFor the question of the ‘authorship^ of this Aranyaka by Asvalayana, cf.\nIntrod., pp. 18 sq. For the view that this forms a sort of Asvalayana Sainhita\nmay be compared the flict that there is an ApastambTya Mantiapatha, a collection\nof Grhya verses and formulae, to accompany the Apastamba (irhya Sutra. So\ntoo, as Oldenberg {S,B,K, XXX, 3-1 1) has conclusively shown, the Mantra\nlirahmana was prepared to accompany Gobhila’s Grhya Sutia, though it is not\napparently ascribed to Gobhila, just as IV is not attributed to Asvalayana in\nthe Aranyaka itself. Winternitz {GescL der indisch. JMt., I, 232) merely repeats\nMax Muller {Attcien/SanskriiLi/craiure, pp, 314sq., 339).\nO generous one, show^ us a path, proclaim the regions, guide us, lord of\nmany mights, wealthy one 11 i n\nWith these aids of thine, wise one, make us wise, for glory and for stiength,\nIndra. For thine is strength || 2 11\nFor wealth, for might, thunderer, most powerful, l)earer of the bolt, thou\nIdonotconsiderWinternitz{Manirapfifhc, I, xxxiM|,) tohaverefutedOldcntjcr},,^.\no vef r.t1 h 5ev )i ,ad oi ar n.i ds ofr ite yn / id sve ir fde rd o( mWI h' ic y/ t /s ni ve ib y dy , iS nS aa fy tt ho i en ka bi s, i ena sGn erd a ‘m fS m inat dra ’, ,kes § for8it 51 w)n h.s ica hPoN ss' ese eid bi tlc hy ef to h eir xsm ami iso )f lc eov sri rd e ia c n, t Bi ( l. c ofe . o. mv fi i im dp eee lr di. n\nyI /e vd ii dc C (o Wm hio tu ni ea ym ,e, §p 8p 4. 9)86 o6 r^ a8 n67 iV njunB cu tt iveit fm ra oy mp ve ir +ha yp /s dd.be r Te hal ely acv ci ed na th wth oe uls dubj t. heo nf ,th he owao er v. erof\nII) Xr ,ob 4a 0b ,ly 3h :a vv ie dab hee sn ahv ald sd r/ lj n, Jrbut hae h. .xcep Ft oi rons thear ae ccn eo nt t,u pn fk in mo nw mn i. m,T ch f.e Whs ia tm ne eyq ,ue Sst ai no sn kra ir tis Ges rain mmK aV r. ,*\n§ i,n3 .19 ;- Oldy eo nr beria gc ,T, Recf l. igM ia oc ndo dn csel Vl e, daI ,'c pd .ic 23M 9y ,lh no .lo 6i .^y, pp. 58, 122; Pischel, VcdisihcStudien , If’ ’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1594,
            "content": ", ;\n262 AITAREYA ARANYAKA IV-\nmovcst.^ Thou movest, most generous,bearer of the bolt. Come hither, drink,\nand be glad ii3 11\nGrant us wealth with good heroes. Thou art** the lord of might according\nto thy will. Thou movest, most generous, bearer of the bolt, who art the most\npowerful of heroes II4II\nMost generous of givers, wise one, guide us aright. Indra finds^ all. Him\n1 praise. For lie has will and strength ll5II\nHim we summon to our aid, the conqueror, unconquered. May he convoy\nus*^ beyond our foes. He is strength, resolve, and mightyorder ll6ii\nIndra we summon for the winning of wealth, the conqueror, unconquered.\nMayhe convoyus beyondourfoes. May he convoyus beyondourenemies® ll 7 II\n^ rfijase may be regarded as the second singular pres, indie, of a sixth class root rfij^\nasWhitney {San^hitGrammar^ § 758a) takesithere. Theexact sense is doubtful. It may\nconceivably= ‘thou ait piaiscd’, but the sense ‘move’ is possible, if the root is akin to the\nCreek oplyo). Cf. Delbriick, Aliiudisihes I’^crbum^ p. 181; bartholomac, Indog. Forsch., II,\n281; Neisser, Bezi. Batr XX, 59; Oldcnbeig, S.B.E., XLVI, 396, 436 (‘press on, strive\nf (io br iw d.a ,id Il’ l) ,; 2r 9is sc qh .e )l p{ o^ sV te ud li au th ee sS atudieit,I,109), dJh po tw ae nv ,er e, itc heo rmp ta rr ane ss its ia vr eaj orwi it nh trb ap ni sy icx ti i^ vea .nd HG eeld dn oe er\ns\nnot, unliapiJiIy, quote or exidain this passage. In RV., VIII, 9, 17 he renders vhiii tvd\nrjljds/ as ‘ I desire to adornthee’,and possibly the form rfijas^ might be an infin.«=\nan iinpeiative (cf. Delbruck, AUindische SyntaXy p. 412; Neisser, Bezz. Bci(r., XX, 59;\nIlojikins, A,/. F.y XlUy 21 sq.; Speijer, Vcdi\\che und Sansknt-SyntaXy § 216 d). The\naccentuation pilux indtsva seems most probable, cf. tarAuir ijjayati kuHipusyAti in RV.,\n^Ilj <tnd other examples given in Delbiuck, Altindischc Syntax^ pp.36sip ; Whitney,\nS (ia tn as mkr mi at ryGr pa .n 1n 0n 5a .ry n§ ui5 ts9 v4 ab i; sirS rp et gi uj lc ar, rlyVe ad ci cs ec nh tc edt ,tn bd utS ta hx ei rs ekr ai rt e-S my ant na yXy pap r. al8 l0 e; ls,M Wacd hio tn ne el yl ,, §V 6e 2d Sti\nMacdonell,p.99(foot).\nbhuvnh is according to WTilney {Sanskrit Grammary § 83b, c; cf. Delbriick, l.c.,\np. 144) either an injunctive ofan unaugmented a aorist, or a subjunctive of the root aoiist.\nBut in sense it may l>e an indicative. vAUitt Ann may perhaps be ‘according to our will’.\ntayAh suvtxyam is cuiious, but the variant rayA is merely an easy eorrection. Cf. rayAs\npouim,RV.,IV,40, 4. TheTaittirlyaSamhita, HI, i,9,4has: vidcrgaupatyamnlyasposam\nsuviryam samvatsaiinatn svastifn, where the conjunction of rayas and suvTryam is different,\nbutwherevidersupportsthederivationofvidafrom ^/idd. Cf. V, i,6,n.3.\n* vide must be 3rd sing, like Tie, and may mean ‘knows’, cf. Hopkins,/.^.0 .i*., XV,\n276,n. Sayanarendersitasaandsing. Forstu^e seeWhitney,Sanskrit Grammar, §894d;\nDelbrUck, l.c., p. 181. If siusj is read, the accent is somewhat irregular. But irregular\naccents in (juasi-subordinate clauses are numerous, cf. Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar, §§ 595-\n598; Delbiuck, Altindisc/ie Syntax, p. 43; RV.,I, 189, 3; III, i, i, with Oldenberg’s notes\n\\s.B.E.,XLVI, 182, 223); Z.D.M.G, LX,735sq.\n® Sayana takes ati as‘lethimdestroy’, andthelastpada as meaning,‘thesacrifice,\nthe metre used, the fruits of the offering, and all great.’ The words aic clearly not in place\nhere, andmakelittlesense.\n® sridhah Sayana explains as those whom vve should hate, although they do not hate us.\nThemraiungisperhaps ‘beyondallfailures’; cf.Atisridhah inthissenseinRV.,I,36,7; 111 ,\n9. 4; 10- 7-"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1595,
            "content": "i\n-IV TRANSLATION AND NOTES 263\nPlace us in thy favour, ancient one, lord of the thunder, bright one. Most\npowerful, thy rewards are extolled. For the strong god bears lule ii 8 ll\nLord of man, slayer of Vrtra, this new hymn^ I offer now to thee. Among\nothers let us two converse together. The hero who fares for the cows is a\nkind and guileless friend 11 9 11\nThus,“ thus, O Agni. Thus,thus,O Indra. Thus, thus, O Visnu. Thus, thu<,\n0 Pusan. Thus, thus, O Gods. For he is strong. For he hasstrength and will,\naccording to his will. On all sides“ come hither. ShoAv, generous one, show.\n^ Thisisdoubtful, nianyaseythevariantoftheother textssaveSV., is UMuarkable as being\naccented, and does not help. It looks like anobvious error or correctionfor sdmnynsf,which\nbecomessdntiyase,SV.,Nai^cyaSakha,andthen byhaph)graphysdnyase,SV. ArnnyaSaiphiia,\nandthenmdnyasethroughthefrequentmistakeofs form in Saiadii MSS. m, Anyase makes no\ngood sense,but samnyase also is very difficult (even if taken as Oldenberg (A.B.E., XLVl,\n404) would take it in RV., V, 17, 2, as a first person). It comes appaienlly frpm ^/as.\nDr. Scheftclowitz now agices with this view (cf. my remark 111J.J\\.A. P- 224).\nFor tarn tan (i.e. tad) can be lead(supply suktarn or,with tarn ^vianiram) but navyam may\nbe fiom meaning piaiseworthy. The dual bravdvahai in the oiiginal context refers to\nthe singer and Indra who are in other (contests) to be united, lleic it must (ef. n. 7 on I,\nI, a) mean something of the same soit, but anye)ti has no longer any direct antecedent.\nSV. aryd)ti is merely a facile correction like so many SV. leadings. For the loc>, cf.\nDelhiuck,AltindischeSyntax, p.122\n;\nSpeijer, Vedische undSanskrit-Syntax,§ 81b; Whitney,\nSanskrit Grammar, §§ 301, 304 ; A./.J\\, XIIT, 284. Sanyascasadat.hardlymakessense.\n® Sayana takes evd as from *,/ and d. The sentence is practically a mere exclamation\nandcannot betranslated. The words ayd, &c.,yiehl no senseas theystand. Sayana renders,\n‘He N^ho comes to think what is to be thought offor ourweal,let him come to think what\nis to be thought of.’ The variant ayo is no help, though it might mean ‘Come to the man\nwho deserves favour’,cf.Taittirlya Sainhita, II, 1, 3,2. Forthepluti,<23i, seeWackcrnagel,\nAliindische Grammniik, I, 298.\n* Cf.i^ankhayana ^rauta Sutia, XVII, 12, where the sentence runs: ehy evd hindropehi\nviivatha vidd maghavan vidd tit, from which it maybe legitimate to assume that ehi should\nbe supplied inthepurisapaddni. Thelastviddmay pointto vidah being the form, viivadhd\ninR TV h. em Te aia tn ts ire li yt ahe Ar ra( ni) yae kv ae ,ry Iw ,h 2e 0r ,e, haI s, :1 e4 vT, d6 hy; t( v2 a)a Il ew va dys h, yV A, gu8, e4 I.\nevdhiVdyo Ievdhindra Ievd\nhi Pusan \\ eva hi devdh \\ when Sayana rendeis eva as ayanaUldditya ami evd as ctavydh\nprdptavydhkdrndh, supplies asi, ‘Thou art desires:’ hrUibdcnddrtyasya sarvakdmahcfutz>a~\nprasiddhirucyate. Ibid., 23,has: evdhyev/tiI. ..evdhyA^naiiiI...eiHihi Vdyo itiI . . .\nei^a hindreti I . . .evd hi J*iUann iti I evd hi devd iii I The accents are thohC of the\nAnandakania text (I, 88, 89), and may be wrong. In the Maitray**!!?! Samhita, II, 3, iS\n(a reference which I owe to Bloomfield’s Vedic Coneotdance, p. 305*) all the MSS. have evd\n(or evd) hy Agne. TheKausltakiBrrihmana,XXIII, 2,givestwo accountsoftheMahanamnis\nor Sakvaris, and gives as the fivepuri^apaddni: evd hyeva Ievd hy Agne Ievd hindra Ievd\nhiFt'i^an\nI\nevdhidevdh\nI\nIt is by no means obvious how theseverses came tobe considered as anespeciallyfruitful\nrain-spell. As such they are clearly recognized in the Gobhila Grhya Sutra, III, 2, and the\nKhadiraGfhyaSvitra,II, 5,22 sq.,where theSakvarivrata is clearlya riteofsympatheticmagic\nto produce plentiful rain (see Oldenberg,Keligion des Feda, pp.420-422,with whose remarks\n1 fullycoiicui)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1596,
            "content": "264 AITAREYA ARANYAKA V, I, I-\nAranyaka V\nAdhyaya 1.\nIn the Mahfivrata ceremony there are twenty-five verses to accompany the\nkindling of the fire.* In the twenty-one“ verses (used in the Visuvanl) four\nare inserted before the second last,beginning, ‘Wiihfuel Agni ’ (RV.,VTII, 44, i).\nA bull^ is to be offered to Visvakarman^ accompanied by muttering the verses.\nIhe Ajya and Praiiga Sastras are taken from the Visvajit.* The Sastras of\n* Saynna explains that althoufjh the Sainidhcni verses are not part of the Soma sacrifice\nhit es re el .f, y Het et (h ]Ue oy tea sre Miu ms ae< rl nsi an St nh te raa ,ni Hm Ia ,l i,sa 1c 8i ,if 9ic :e aw nh ai rc th haf ko yr am ts la adp aa ir it gcso if i.it Ta hn ed ys ao icar te oin bepl sa ac ie\nd\nafter the anointing of the animal by the Adhvaryii, according to Apastamba. Cf. also Ids\nYajiiaparibh.i^i, 2 and 3 (.S’.Ih E.j XXX, 319,345). For the gen,, cf. Caland, AHindiscJies\n/aubtyriinal, p. iS,n. 2; .Sataj^athallrahinana,X,1,5,4; HI, i, i,n. 3.\n^ there arcin theDarisapninamdscsp,seeHdlrbrandt,AWr-imdVolhnondsopfer^ pp.74sq.,\nIlltccn verses Ix'ginning with RV., HI, 27, i (cf. Oldenberg, XLVI, 299; Bergaigne,\nRechodies sur Vhisfotre dc la hturgic vPliijite^ ]). 19); see TaittiilyaBruhmaria,III,5, 2, i.\nIhcrc are only eleven separate verses,but the first and last are each thrice repeated. Inthe\nVisuvantthefifteenarcextendedintotwenty-onebytheinterpolationofsixversesbeginningwith\nKV., Ill, 27, 5. d'hesc are inserted before the second last verse, RV., V, 38, 5. Then four\nmoreverses,beginningwith RV.,VHI,44,i,aie.addedbeforethisvcisctomakeupthetwenty-\nfive. 1he .Sankhiiyana liere ignores these verses. Ait.arcya Brahmana, I, i, 14, gives the\nnumberas 17. Secalist inAsvaldyanafsr.autaSutr.a,I, 2, 7. Theconstruction acc.fornom. is\nicmarkablc and is not a mark oflate or careless style,forthese 11regularities and the use of\nnumerals aie found in the Mantras (e.g. saptd rdnam, ialdm purbhlh, cited by Whitney,\nSanskrit Grammar^ §486c) and in theAitareya Brahmana,HI,48,9: cattihsadim kavaana\ndsnk,whilein V11, 2, 7,parnniarah sas(istiinicaUitdnydhityn occurs(seeAufrecht,p.428).\nAbove, H, 2,4; 3, 8, occurs sathindaiam sahasrdni, while Aitareya Br.ahmana, VII, 1 has\nsattnniiatam ckapadalj,which examples allappear tobetransfers of accusativefor nominative,\nthough the jiossibility of their being new stems in a cannot be denied (especially .as the\nAitareya Br.ahmana actuallyhas trayastrindatyd,a transfer to the i declension). Cf. Introd.,\np.56. Theidiomhashardlybeen.adequatelynoticedinDelbruck,AltindischeSyntax^p.82.\n^ The S.ankhay.ana Ar.anyaka,I, i, prescribes a bull for Indra and a goat for Traj.apati.\nTheSrautaSutra,XVII, 7, 7, mentionsalsoasavantyaAr/.f«,seeIldlebr.andt,Ritual-Litteratur,\npp. 125, 136. Cf.alsoK.ltyayana.Sr.autaSutra, XIH, 2,17. Vpamiume.ansnot in silencebut\nso as not to be overheard, see Sayana’s quotation, karanai'adaiabdam manahprayogam^ and\nApastambaY.ajnapaiibh.a^a,9,11 .and 113{s,E.E., XXX,319and 345),wheretheSamidhenTs\narenotupCimiubutantard(secnoteon ii).\n* FortheAjya sec I, i, i. The Prauga consists ofseven treas^ I, i,3-4, preceded bythe\npnrorurs, Vdyur agi-egdynjflaprTr, &c., .Sahkh.ayana Srauta Sutia, VH, 10,9. Thepuronus\nare also given in Scheftelowitz, Dit Apokiypheu des Rgveda, as Khila,V,6."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1597,
            "content": "1\n^V, I, I TRANSLATION AND NOTES 265\nthe Hotrakas are taken from the Caturvimsa rite.^ In the morning pressing\nthe Biahinanacchamsin should add the verses, beginning, 'The busy moving\nones' (RV., X, 153, i), and at the midday pressing the verses, ‘Of this strong\nyouthful one drink’ (RV., X, 160, i).® The tristich which forms the strophe\nbegins, ‘The bulTalo in the bowls, the barley-mixed' (RV., II, 22, i), the tristich\nforming the antistrophe consists of the three verses, ‘Indra, come hither to us\nfrom far away’ (RV., I, 130, i), ‘For to Indra heaven, the wise one, bowed'\n(RV., X, 127, i), and, ‘To him a song excelling’ (RV., X, 133, The Maru-\ntvatlya ^astra js taken over from the Catuivimsa and extended by the hymns,\n‘Fair has been my effort, singer’ (RV., X, 27, i), ‘Drink the Soma for which\nin anger thou breakest' (RV., VI, 17, i), ‘With what splendour’ (RV., I, 165, 1),\nand, ‘Indra, with the Maruts (RV., 111,45, The MarutvatTya Sastra ends\n'\nwith the hymn, ‘Thou art born, teirible, for strength, forenergy’ (RV., X, 53, i).\nAt the end ofthe INIarutvallyaSastra, the Ilotr,leaving his place by the incomplete\nroute,® oflers three oblations in the Ag —nidh’s fire with a ladle ofudimbara wood\n(accompanying them with the verses):\n“ The HotrakasaretheMaitravarima,Brahmniucchamsin,andAch.lvrika. TnihcA^niistoma\ntheir Sastias begin with RV., HI,6i, i6; VHT, 17, i; 111 , 12, 1, respectively. Tn the Calur-\nvirn ®^a Tt hh eey Mbe ag hi an vrw ai tt ahR dV if. f, ersV, i6 n8, th3 e; seI, p4 o, ini t; sVT eI vI e, n72 f, ro1 m3, tl he espe Cc at ti uv rel vy i.\nmsa. S.iyana leaves it\nundecided whether the jiassages extend to five verses, or onlyto one verse by theparibhasixy\nreampddixgrahauCiforwhichsecA^valayanaSrautaSutia,I, i, 17.\n’ These verses areapparentlytoprecedethe.'s.astra ofthe Ihrihmanacchnrnsinat themidday\npressing. The wordstotriya is used liecausetheversescorrespond to those used in theSainan\ncorresponding to the .Sastra, cf. liillebrandt, Ritual-Litteratur, ]>. 103. The .Sahkhayana\n.Sakha ignores the .Sastras of the Hotrakas. The reference to the midday pressing is out of\norder.\n\" FortheMarutvatTyaSastraof theHotratthemiddaypressing,sec I, 2, 1 and 2. In tlie\nAgnistoma it begins with RV., VHI, 68, 1-3, and VHI, 2, 1-3. The CaturvimCa contains\nalterations, and the Mahavrata adds the hymns cnumcrate<l. Atdnah (foundinV.S.,TS.,&c.)\nmust mean visidrah as .Sayana has it here. Cf. Aitarcya Rr.ahmana, V,4, 12, where S.iyana\nrenders iastrakiptih, Friedlander, on Sahkhayana Aranyaka,I, 3,suggests the sense ‘scheme’\nfor it. In RV,,1 , i, 10, ‘expander cf.mySdukhdyauaAranyaka^ p. 3,n.6.\n* Sayana here (cf. Anarllya onfsiinkh.Iyana.Srauta Sutra, VI, 13, 7; VH, 7, 4; A^valayana\n.‘srautaSutra,V,19, 8\n;\nVT,5,i,andcoram.) explainsthatthesarnsi/iitasarficarak iswhen,after\nthe completion of the jiressing, the Hotr departs from thesadas by the west,the visamslhitiR\nis when, before the pressing is 'finished, he leaves by the eastern si<le. The Sahkhayana\nSiauta Sutra, XVII, 12, gives eight oblations on the dgnTdkrTya, instead of three there and\nten in the mdrjdlTya. The Mantras arc quite different. .See XVH, 12, 1-4. The first is a\nlong prose Mantra ; the .second to the seventh svdhd Mantras, and the eighth consists of\na couple of verses, the first an anu^tub/ty the second a gdyatri in strongly marked iamliic\nmetre of an archaic type, neither of which veises has, according to Ttloomfield’s Vedk\nConcordance^any parallel. After leciting the verses, he puts down the ladleyathdyatanam,\n(lepaits by the way he came, and in frtnit ofthe sadas to the north of the iruli^ facing the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1598,
            "content": "i\n266 AITAREYA ARANYAKA\nV, i, i-\n‘Indra, Brhaspati, Soma, and the goddess,Vac, have aided me.'“ May Mitra\nand Varuna, Heaven and Earth, aid me when firstI call || i n\n‘May the Adityas, the all-gods, and the seven anointed Kings,“ Vayu, Pusan,\nVaruna, Soma, Agni, Surya, with theconstellations, may they help me || 2 11\n‘May the fathers protect me, and all this universe, and the children ofPrsni,\nthe MaiutSjWith their splendour,yewho haveAgni as your tongue and are worthy\nofsacrifice, mayye gods, hearingourcry, protect us II3ll'\nHe offers ten oblations on the inarjaHya altar to the south, the last of\nwhich he first divides into four and deposits to the north of the fire. In the\nmiddle of the day, after the carrying forth of the fire, the marjaUya fire is made\nenst, he mutters thepnrimadah japah^ vag tlyur viivayur viivam nyur ehy evn hlndropehi\nviivatha vida vtaghavan vidditi(cf.above,p. 263),afterwhichhe adores theseveralmembers\nof the fire altar conceived in human form (XVI t, 12,6-13,6). FortheParimadsthemselves,\ncf.xtYj!iiwkhdyanaAtanyaka, p.4; E^rgding, XLl, 288,n. 2,andforthemeaningof\n\\kmad^I.anmaii in Whitney’s Translation ofAtharvaveda, p. 158. The Ilotr goes north to\nthe Agnidh’s fire. (For Agnidh, cf. Oldenberg, XLVI, 189, and Macdonell, Vedic\nGrammar p. 18,n.6.)\nOi ‘may they aid me’, as Saynna takes it. He thinks purvahidau is an epithet of\nDyavaprthivlor Mit)dvarunati.\np oa tt he\" a rh wgS iar shi eya | on s na v eae r mx n ip a gl r ha oi tn js y exo pt th eii cds tmab itny tvt oih he mh edl s ais a nt hi t\\n ht eeTa a si est vmt ei a ni ily s Aa a dr iA r ter ya ad sn t .y va ak ma N, d otT a, dp oa7 un, bt tidr I to hg eo Th sih eh s vr ed mj na al. Ayi dib tp e ya at l sa igr h sa t eh ,\nt\nthe model to the later theory of seven suns, whose names are variouslygiven (cf. seven Rsis,\nseven llotrs, seven sounds,&c., Oldenberg, S.B.E., XLVI, 225); see Visnu Puifina, VJV2\nHopkins, GreatEpicofIndia, p.475. RajendraUlareadsin thetextmdnu,whichisceitainly!\nwrongly accented and seems not quite as likely as mdnu in view ofthe atm elsewhereused.\nThe 'laittiilya Brahmana, H, 5,8, a has: dnu ivendto madatv dim Brhaspdtih dnu Sdmo\ndMd i rn t dv r maA dvg dn nri dur kn sdd avv tJ tt ai ih\\ rdd vn a dtu nd umtv I td vd dnv vuU av te d uyd d Ie vv da p Nr ota thv eia vn it tu hv eU\\ v dad iUn fi fu m erl es d na i tp it id r\\ es ar dua irj nyd gono d nhy to dd bhu ait brd hb lh d si ins kf u tk dt hd t .l vi dI vI a Ttd hun eu Ic tt a env x-u\nt\nappears from Bloomfield, VedicConcordance,p.973*, to occur in Kafhaka Snmhit.a,XXXVTT,\n9d, which has (9c) sitryo 'Jiobhir anu tvdvatu, confiiming mdnu against Mitra’s md nu\n(which is followed in the Concordance, p. 1028^), and (9b) anu Somo anv Agniravlt, and\n(9a) anu tvendro madatv anu Brliaspatih, thus presenting only one line as against the two\nlines ofthe Aranyaka and the Brahmana. In the next verseydagnijilmiutd vdydjatrdh\nis a tag found in RV., VI, 52, 13c, and in the other Saqihitas (Bloomfield, p. 795*’); the\nother threepddas seem as yet unparalleled. The scries ofprose Mantras below is also (sec\nIndex II)unique.\n^The I dn gnt ih de hrm ii yd adl ae lto af r t ishe atsad ta hs e_a nn od rtht ,he thh eav mi dr rd jh dd ln Ta ys at ah tere this ea sos up tha .ce f Wr io tm hno cr at th urt go rs ho Uu at mh ,.\ndjyam must be understood, see Apastamba, Yajnaparibhasri, 195 {S.B.E., XXX, 341); cf!\nc Va It Iu Ir ,gr 10h ,ii 9e ,na °j gu rh lo nt ti a, m,Tai Vt Ht ,iri 2y 1a ,A br ua tny ta hk ea, coV n, st2 r; ucc ta it onwg it sh vt et rds yt ah wr ka wd aj ry dd .hutJ Tr h, rA oi ut ga hre oy ua tBr ta hh ein ta en ra m* s,\ndakfna and uttara are ambiguous. For the sadas the priests’ tent, cf. ^atapatha Brahmana\n5>3>5» Fggcling’snote. ’ *"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1599,
            "content": "—\n, , ;\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-V, I, I 267\nto kindle.^^ (The offering is made in ii) when it is coveredup, and either to the\ncast, the north, or the north-east side. (The verses used are as follows):\n*May I become unassailable like fire may I become firmly rooted like\n;\nthe earth ii i 11\n‘May I become unapproachable'^ like the sky; may I become unassailable\nlike the heaven 11 2 11\n‘May I become without a superior like the sun\n;\nmay I become renewed like\nthe moon 113 11\n‘May I become renewed like mind ; may I be multiplied like the wind ll 4 II\n‘May I become one’s own like the day and dearlike night il5 ll\n‘May I become born again like kine ; mayIbecome glorious like a pair ll6ll\n‘Mine be the flavour ofwater and the form ofplants ll 7 II\n‘May I become widespreading like food, and lordly like the sacrifice It 8 ll\n‘May I become like the Brahmin in the world, and like the Ksatriya for\nprospeiity ll9 il\n‘When, O Agni, this assembly is gathered (RV., X, 11, 8)’® il 10 )i’\nThe ideaseems tobe thatthe fire is kept in fromthe timeitis lighted onthevtarjdiJya\naltar but is now ‘wakened’, prabhrti in this use is first found in the Srauta Sutras, Speijer,\nVedischc uttd iianskn't-Synlax, §112.\n“ The attraction ofandpyam is cuiious, but is paralleled in RV., I,65,5: miranva^\nksitirtuiprlhvi gitirn<ibhujvid(Oldenbeig,S.D.E.,XLVI,5O), andbelow,viatmivdpnrvam,\namtain iva vildnt, gdva iva puttai'bhtwali and in the case of the verb, RV., V, 25, 8:\ndyumanto arenyo grCrotvayaic brhat, Oldenberg, XLVI, 417. Cf. also Taittiriya\nAranyaka,VITT, 6; ^Vebcr, Ind. SVud IT, 221, n. For a scries of woids with bhuydsam^cf.\nJaiminTyaUpnnisadBrahmana, lit, 20and 21.\nyathd mana jittarottaram ahkivrddhtkdnk^ayd prayatamdua/n sat iattatphalaprdptyd.\nnutanam rupnm pratipculyate . . . yathd vdyur dsddhddimdse satnudiatirddUkU vd svayarn\nuttarottardbhivrddhyd sahgharupo bhavati (.Sayana).\nSayanarenderssvamaswealth. Tiiedaygiveswealthbypermittingmercantileoperations.\nEmendation to svar iseasybut impiobablc. Cf.the curious svah inRV., I, 77, 5 (Oldenberg,\nA.B.E.,XLVI, h'^),yakiam iva^ GobhilaGrhya Sutra,111 ,4,28; Geldncr, VedisiheStudiaij\n111 ,14 T0 h. isN mi ug sh ttg bi eve ts heres st ent so et the how ue ga hry th( eSay ea xpn ra e) s; sin oo nte fp nr ai ry no ayn av h^ ypr ‘i gy ld o.\nries,’ is curious. Kinc\nhave offspringyearly,and pairs(e.g. Uma andMahe^.vaia,Laksmi andNarayana) arcglorious\n(Sayan Ta h) e. reading vibhn is certain, but both Rajendralr_ da and the A_ nandasrama edition lead\nin the commentary vibhtth^ and\"Sayana may have so lead, but this is not necessary, tor a\nconverse case, cf.V, 2, i, when Rajeiidralala reads vasu for vasttli. The next Mantra offers\nconsiderable difficulty. Sayana renders as the Brahmin in the world and k^atram rdjyam\ngajdivddiiriydm apparently taking iriydm as a genitive (cf. Whitney, Sanskrit\nGrammar, §§ 349,351)- But the parallelism of the sentence calls urgently for a locative\nwhich gives fair sense, ‘in point of wealth.’ Tlhe speaker desires (a) renown, (b) wealth.\nOnlytheexactforceofthelocativevariesinthetwqcases.\nThelastoblationisaccomiiaiiiedbyaRV. verse."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1600,
            "content": "268 AITAREYA ARANYAKA\nV, i, i-\n(In this stanza) the llirce wordsatra, vibhajatha, and vUha are not in accord-\nance ^vilh the Rgveda text.^®\nStanding there he worships the sun,^* turning so as to keep his right side\ntowards it as it turns, with these verses, omitting the cries oUvCihd^’^and with the\nverse, ‘Come hither, this is sweet, this is sweet. Drink this bitter draught. I’his\nIS sweet, this is sweet.’ He then instructs the maidservants, who carry full\npitchers, six in front, three behind, (saying), ‘Walk three times from left to right\nround this altar and this pitcher of water, smiling your right thighs with your\nright hands, and saying, “Come hither, thisissweet, this issweet.”’\nv<a at sr ua mT ah v ni ihs th am a mu jns vtt ih tam he aa sn v fa ort dh ha vCt Jw tai dn h Lth fe o Srr fi it yre aa nI t ah ne d aR dV c da. syve a tr hds ae tvi is tb ht h eo a sj edh se i a, la tl et a re n ar tde id oni sb ny ap rr d ee da ad ii mn 4 p,g robi pn eh rdp ,gd ad jm ia mt3 no ar sa at thn had\ne\na nVl oIt ter iIa , mt pi 2o ln i3 e;v dtd M inh ac i th t hi ef ao Ayr ra av m nr yd S aah kma aht .iu tai , Tn hIJ e,ir 2 v,h ea r2s s;p ea It oTi cTr c, un 6 r,o s4 ih . nav Ai T tu hhi ae rv vv ar . vd l e.h <d i ll s an ,n, o XtT Va Iii nt It Ii R ,r ll oy io ,a mf 2S . 6n c ,m lh d ai . nt da E Mu a1 ’ it t2 ri ahi2 y’ ns n1 i ls•\nSanihita, IV, 14, 15, but in neither place soaltcied. Bloomfield {Vedic Concordance, pp 4^^\nwMc7 oa a4 s ih9 e da s) ,oa c a wl ic hs fu io ir cys hac na an i an rUm epc I ai fV nc o: il usy na ddc Ij ,n iu ndo 7t r ,e Ra c VS m i .a ty ,ed da hn Vbda I’ Jyns Ia ,Bsv lyi 3oa ,e ow m 5. fs id det .ldP y dc e ,r Bh uVha tei a dK v th hdt emh Cae Moh anB e ha cs o awk r nla d ail ae ma mn neJ I,^ ha a p vk . evh ra d sm ei sas h am e ie eta oin s nt ot. a thd ed pA e afi rd r tsd ti (f oal ftse hr tre hein eent\n‘71'^‘ occurrenceisnotparalleltothisrcmaikablecase.\n,atr, atvI ahi hs d1 j3 md no nne dl da ite tr yain mt nh pe atS ia sn fhk ah ta ey .ana ThA era Mn ay na tk ra a, iI s,5 q, uiw th eer die fft eh re entw ,or sd ecs ta ^r re aua tl amo Ss utt ri aden Xt Vic Iall’\nrI u3 l» e,9j cT f.he A^io af sfI e t' ro air mn bgt ash ,e a Yf r ao e jl fl a io c aw c pi o an m ig i, p ba hs n ae ic se am d ,y 8a 7sSa (u .Sn s ’.uk a /h >l ’a .y Eba .yn ,a t XhA e Xr Xca r ,n yy 3a s 3vk 9da )h, .d.pp. T7 h6 ess eq. are omitted. ^ For the’\n.r1tghU t to left (<r/ra^„f-rr«o/p, though the1 w4 o, rw dh ser se aia dpp aa rr cen at ltl ky e,de hl ai iber ma at he .l ly 3th ie dd ai mre mct ni don huis if dro an mt\nr\nArI p X B’ ss ora X’ t uuaa s mI Xt\nn\nhh esct I dms ne w, , V a ts, sn i,, kI, oaI r, n,I n5L, e;a dIt ,t wy0 K hia3 3, ny i. ,,‘ . c‘ ta 6\nn\nh’ ,yn e\" aa if 7 rI y t.f eh a hS pe enr rrs aa ee Tu sS oh e. fr neaa a tsn tu sS e hd tu ea tt v hrt S e\n^\neah u r t,e t s sgr i\nv\nuI a o\nc\nnIo , n dIt s,\ni\n(h X\nc\nce r d fir .io wn f-\no\nOc f,. e\nr\nle 3 rs\nk\ndr ; j ee sv i nm ne lo I T ig n asV ae mi n, it a te t ga hnts ,,t eii y- ro 3 Ra in s; er dy\nt\nlee a\nr\nitTs ua gSi aa gx ia iil g- lm oll . lshl nd e;, iym t daec .\no\nctf an\nf\ns. h,Bt er ai VK V. no ea I mai n dI ohn ae A, sme ,d rl a t5 yl n p,i, aa pin ,, .m, aC pt a 4Vu noh 4n,l dre 4dt t ,s 5 a a,o 1 n 4to 0 t6\nA\n0hf ; j ne 6rr\nd\n;t T iK itah S eie ap U'ta st whr eG t fha ar ni ol ie rk\nr\nel' i ca re yc h\na\n,,l ak\n• sA,\n. a\nVS er\n,.\nmo v la uI e „l in IS pn kI ,t y, au ' hr a - r; 3,sw la ck )p iih Mh ,<a }Kf ye , c\na\nfn,. l aa\nn\nor iy\na\nly ne nK ^ laa g de A o, a^ st Tl wf ga oh 4t et h S a, fe tg c . i; n e ls r na R tw co 1\ns\nhon S bmot t.. ers a yha em.w Ri te d tel t si jat hs us ni e p\ne\nns u pi ti ar ,l ie aXhg te y Atu slehap ih ags .te A tai ni S pa .lrh dl a a ad a la e B rm ry s ,rf Tcrh i taylt y. hi hma a, a 3t eesn .a h 8a l di a n1 8m, Iic s m9 ,a lb .0 Ta cV oa nl4 n hn tt oaHi .. fi e, m,k , o se e3 .Tnp I e, lsXs hp d5t e,. , ie ch sai\na\nluo y dnnr ants2 io d\nm\nr,ee9 , ct aa c s7 h ar 2 t uhhi e d,c h saas tn ou, a d hs 8 i, s ad. g^ t a; ag) tmw. rm. tu aei\nc\nid 9y gnn ts o,ha atk hcCI nru yh i eait -i t c n lT m ofi o ly ai y ‘i fy ens na g(a va dt, eh ren fn a\nt\ne. .a f i\nd\nho aki i n\ne\net tr nn It s vee l n,Th\na\nomw tae dnh a nao er, mue c eor mif dsc mt a buo .o od hlh n i, er ri ay m« du rm r d ser nphe i st i.wc onv uh st ha ige na oii 3n au a it f,o 6l d tt t,n )u o ei tSt dn t hp .a py ath e. iara gh we aU ne yh re r ir fkt a a ee tihly f s rea h. l\na\nei o sa l ' es yl^s ly a t(a. lo a wr hsa nu ol ei iv ei an cws - eo tk ’raoa ec h gh ’dc a rp\nI\nhst y ’a eir 2I en a o anba rcn nsV tdy- ea’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1601,
            "content": "a\n-V, I, 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 269\n2. ‘When the singing ofthe sioitui has been requested, then do ye cast down\nthe water in three places, on the northern altar, on the marjaltya altar, and\nthe rest within the enclosure.’^ Having gone awayso as to keep the marjahya\nfire on his right,^ he stands before the sacrificial post in front of the fire, with\nface to the west, and worships the head of the fire with the words, ‘Honour to\nthe Gaj^atra which is thy head :’ then, returning by the way he came,’’ with\nface to the north, he worships the light side of the fire with the words, ‘Honour\nto the Rathantara which is thy right side/ Then passing to the west of the\ntail of the fire,* with fiice to the cast, he worships the left side of the fire with\nthe words, ‘Honour to the Brhat which is thy left side.* Then on the west''\none’, i.e. Agniwith rrthivi, ‘the god with the goddess,’i.e. Vayuwith Antaiiksa, ‘Brahman\n(neut.) with Brahmani’ (see Introd., p. 68, n. 1), i.e. Aditya with Dyaus. On this follows\n(I, 6) a ViSvamitra legend (cf. Aitareya, II, 2, 3) to explain these identifications. For the\nuse of u/>a+Vi^h(7, cf. the famous passage in tlie Mahabhasya, I, 3, 25 (Weber, /fit/. Stud.,\nXIII,480,481),whereanapeupati^thatitowarmhimself,butamanupatislhateinreverence.\n* For antarvedi^ cf. AitareyaBrahmnna, VII,33, i; aittahparidhi, Brhaddevata, VII, 98;\nWackernagel, Altindische Grnmmatik, I, 312. This belongs of course to the end of the\nprecedingKhanda,and it is difiicult to seewhyit has beenseparatedinSayana’stext, uttare\nindrjollya meansthedj^utd/irya fire,whichwasusedforthesame purjmse.\n* This describes the worship of the fire altar in its simjdest bird shape, head, two wings,\ntad, and body. In .Sankhayana {^rauta Sutra, XVII, 13, the sd/mtns and the order differ,\nbeing {i)purvdtdh with Cayalra, (2) right side with Rathantara, (3) left side with Brhat,\n(4) madhya with Vamadevya, (5) tail with Yajfiavnjfdya. Cf. J^atapatha Brahmana, IX, i,\n2,.S5and39; X, I,2,8,andKggeling’ssummary(basedonthispassageandSankhayana), A.,\nXLIII, 283,n.; LatyayanaSrautaSutra,111, ii,3,whcie as here the bodyis placed last, but\nwhicli agrees as to the sdnians witli .‘^ankliayana and also with Drahyayana, and in which\ntlie sprinkling of water in three parts also occurs. The Samans referred to will be found as\nfollows,gdyntram in trivrtstoma, Samaveda, II, 146-148; 263-265; 800-802 (or II, 8,4,see\nssS tt, ooB mm.\naa\n,,E.\ni\niy\nb bi\nidX\nd.\n,,L ,I II\nI I,\nII ,,\n15 49\n61 ,7 08 -1) 46;\n60\n2.;ra rt dh Fja oan rnt aa tmi ha eim\nn Sp\nai an\nmh\nap\ne\nia\na\nii\nv\nsi ti cma\nfi\n.da\na\nIi Ia\ns\n,tos\n3m\n,t ao 4,m .a i,\nbi\nFdi .b o,i rd. I,\nI\na,I dI 8,\nr3\na33 w0\n-\ni,\n8\nn33 g51\n;\no; fbb\nh\ntr\na\nhh eda rt\naa\ngi nin\nin\nks ^ca ekp tat rva aid ma siU eai\ne\nWeber, Ind.Stud.,XIII, 235.\n3 He had gone from the mdrjdiJya in the south to the cast side of the cilydgni and he\nnow returns to the south. Rathantara is unusual, but it is supported by all the MSS.\nLatyayana and Sankhayana have rathatiiardya.\n* It is not clear why he should not go round to the north, but all tliat is done is to go\nto the end of the west or tail side, when looking east, along the left side, he utters the\nMantra.\n“ paUdt may simply mean ‘next’, or, as Sayana takes it, refer to the jdace where the\nITotr stands. Apparentlythe difference between this and his foinicr position isthatliestands\ndirectlybehindthetail, insteadofgoingpastit. d'hisaccountofhis movementscoircspondson\nthewholewith thatof theceremonyofthe Satarudriya,which has analogiesto the Mahdvrata\n(^atapatha Briihmana, IX, i, i, 44). In it, according to the Satapatha, IX, i, 2, 35 sq.,\nthe Samans, (1) gdyatram, {2)rathantaram, (3) b>hat, (4) Vdmafbvyam, (5)yajildyajfliyam,\nand (6) Prajdpatthrdaya, correspond to (i) head', (2) riglit wing, (3) left wing, (4) body,\n(5) tail, (6) heart; according to Latyayana,1,5, ii, which very closely follows the order of"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1602,
            "content": "a\n270 AITAREYA ARANYAKA V. i, 2-\nof the fire, with face to the east, he worships the tail with the words, ‘Honour\nto the Bhadra which is thy tail and thy support.’ Then on the south of the\ntail he worships the body with the words, 'Honour to the Raj.ina which is\nthy body.’\n3. He returns to the scat as he went.' The swing has already been made\nready.=» Having cleansed the two posts, the ropes, and the cross-beam, and\nhaving taken them by the road called firtha^ having gone round to the left\nthe Agnidh’s altar,\"* (having brought them within) the seat by the east door\n(he places the implements*')to the left of all the altars. The planks ofthe swing\nare made of uduvihar or ofpalasa^ or of both. There should be three planks\nworked on both sides, or two, and a like number ofsharp-pointed sticks. The\nmovementsinthis Aitareya passage,the(i) ^^ayatraniy (2) rathaniaram, (3) hrkat, (4)yajfid-\nyajfifyofn, (3) Vamadevya^ an<l (6) rrajdpntihrdaya^ correspond to (i) head, (2) right side,\n(3) left side, (4)tail, (5)right arm-pit,and (6)leftarm-pit. Cf.also the elaborateceremonial\nofWxfiparirnddahattheMahavrataasdescribedinJ>atapatha,X,1,2,9; !$ankhayanaAranyaka,\nII,4(withFriedlander’snote,p.37\"); andthesimilaruseafterthebeginningoftheprdhastoira\nof the parimddah {prdna^ apdua^ vratapaksau^ Pfajdpater hrdaya, Vasidhasya nthava,\nsattrasyardhi, iloka and aauUoka^ydma, dyus, mwastobha^ r^yasya saman) in the worship\nofthe paits of the altar in Tandya Brahrnana, V, 4, 1-13; Latyayana 6rauta .Sutra, III, 9,\nI s(|,; Taittiriya Biahmana, I, 2, 6,5. In the Mahavrata .Saman the parts of the bird aie\nhead, right wing, left wing, tail, and trunk only (Kggeling, XLIII, xxvii). The\nwhole conception is clearly borrowed (cf. Introd., p. 50) from the altar in the Agnicayana\nwhich gave origin to the mystic doctrines of the Adhvaryus (see esiiecially Satapatha\nIhahmana,VI-X), and ofwhich the Mahuvnata isanadaptation bytheIlotrs. InVajasaneyi\nSamhit.a, XII, 4, the tnvrt is the head, the gdyatram the eyes, hrhat and rathantaram the\nwings, the hymn the soul, the yajumsi the name, the mctre.sthelimbs,theVamadezyam the\nbody, the yajndynjfliyam the tail. For the relation of saman and words, cf. Oklenberg,\nZ.D.M.G., XXXVIII,439sqq., 464sq.; Winternitz, Geseh.dcrindisch.Litt.yI, 143sq.,and\nsee Fggeling,.9.B.B,,XLIII, 180,n. 2; Weber,Ind.Stud., XllI, 276S(j. TheVamadevya is\nbasedon.Samaveda, II, 32, 33; theYajnayajFiIyaonSamaveda, IT,53,54.\n‘ He comes back to the seat near the mdrjdlJya fire, which he left to worship the citya\naltar. The expression occurs several times in the .Sraula Sfdra. For the eight altars see\nFggeling, S.B.E., XXVI, 148, n.4 and the pl.an on p.475, followed byCaland and Henry,\nL'Agmdoma ; Ilillebrandt,A‘CU-undVolbnondsopfer,p. 191,\n^ I3ytheAdhvaryus. Cf.Aitareya Brahrnana, VII,32.\n^ Thisisthenameofthepassage,betweenthe utkara andcdtvdla,^ahkhayana.“srautaSiitia,\nV, 15, 3,&c. ; Maitrayani .Sainhita,III,8, 10. The actionis rendered intelligible bya glance\nat the plan in Fggeling.\n* ThepaH ofparivrajyamust refer to circumambulation. The meaning ofthe phrase is\nprob.ably given liy Sahkhayana .Siauta .Sutra, XVTI, ii, 4, pfirvayd dvdrdgnidhram prapa-\ndyotiarettdgnidhrlyam dhimyamparyetya,though thepuivayd dzulrd hereisotheiwiseapplied.\nThe idea is, he goes round the altar from right to kft, prob.ably. Cf. also ibid., V, 14.\nI’he sentence is so elliptical as to he unintelligible without Sayana’s praveiya. .Sahkhayana,\nXVII, 7, II, ismuchmoresimple.\n* The verb must be gathered from atyddadhati below\n;\nstrictlyspeaking the nextsentences\narcparentheticalandthissentenceiscontinuouswithdaknnottaresthiincnikhdya."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1603,
            "content": "y y ^\n-V, I, 3 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 271\nswing should be a yard in size from east to west, its cross breadth should be\na yard less a hand ; the points of its (planks) should be to the north, and they\nshould be fastened together by sticks with their points east. Having inserted the\nposts in the earth to the north and south, around the seat ofthe Hotr, he spreads\nthe cross-beam over them so that it is on a level with the worker's face.^‘ Holes\nare (bored) in the corners of the planks of the swing. He fastens the planks\nabove by means of the ropes, the right one on the south, the left on the north.\nThe ropes should be of darhha grass, and with three strands,” one rope to\n. * InIho^ankhayanaJ^rauta Sutra,XVII, 10, 7and8,theheightismeasuredbythe head of\ntheHotr, or if he is smallhis outstretchedarms. Ibid., 4, 6,shows that bt)th the jdanks and\nthe cross-beam have the points north. For the construction with kartnh dependent on\ncf.Whitney,Sonskiit Gnimviar, § 1316. Spcijer {Vcdische uttdSanskHi-Sytt/cJx, §113)\ngive'i many classical examples. For abhitah with accus., cf. Delbruck, Altiytdische Syntax^\np. IS3. It is found inMantra, but more often in llrahmana, Speijer, Vedische uttd Sanskrit^\nSyutaxy § 88. Foruttareuawith accus , cf. Gaedickc, DerAccusativin Veda^pp. 207sq.; sec\nLiebich, Bezz.Beitr.y XI, 284. Delbiuck and Gacdicke seem right in explaining the use as\nderived from the accus. with antdr and antara, Whitney, Saniktit Grammar § 273, offers\nno explanation. In V, i, i, we find utiaKiio ^gfieh\\ in V, i, 2,dakdnatahpuchaya with the\nmore natuial adnominal genitive. But in V, 1, 2, aparena has the accus. In Sankhayana\nAranyaka, VTI, 3,antarena has thegen.; intheSutra,theacc. The measuresaredubious,see\nHopkins,/.A,0 .S.y XXIH, 141.\n^ The f5ahkhayana f^rauta Sutra, XVH, 10, 14, 15, explains that the right rope is tied to\nthe north of the south post, the left to the .south of the north post, i.e. inside the posts,\njust as in a modern swing. The point of view is of course facing east, with the south on\ntherightandnorthontheleft.\n® The use oftri^i^une and dTtgtaie with diff<*rent senses of s^tna is awkward, but appears\nclearly so meant. Sayana points out that the rope asdoubledwouldbe 2| fathomsin length,\nof which only a yaid would be used by the rope passing under the plank (above iuimdtrah\nprdh prchkhaJi). There would thus be plenty of lopc available for the tying, as the top\nwas only a man’s height or less. Sayana takes savyadakdne as ‘inclining to the left and\nright’,i.e.theropes should not go stiaight up. The onlyobscuic jmint in this description of\nthe tying on of the seat of the swing to thecross-beam ispradakdnam,since it is notat first\nsight obvious how this applies to the act of fastening ropes. It apiiarently must mean that\nafter the rope has been passed under the scat of the swing the one end is rolled round the\ncross-beam slanting to the right, the other (on the opposite si<lc, of course^) also slanting to\nthe right and the ends then are tied across. Provided there was sufficient friction to keep\nthe ropes fiom slipping this would seem to give a subst.antial knot (cf. 7itstarkya'). If this\nis so, we cannot accept Sayana’s theory of savyadakune and must fall back cither on the\nview that the word means meicly left (hand) rope and right (hand) rope, or take the epithet\nIt is very unlikely that both ends of the rope should have been brought to the same\nside of the cross-beam. In that casepradaLsiiiam would be rather less than more in jioint.\nSpcijer {^Vedische und Sanskrit-Syntax, § 106,n.) points out that adjective dvandvas are not\nunknown even in Sanskrit (cf. his Sanskut-Syntax § 208), and (p. 32, 11. 1) argues fiom\nPanini, VI, 2,38, when ekadaia is given as a dvathlria that the grammarians recognized such\ntypes. He (§ 107)givesclassicalexamplesofdistributivedvandvas."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1604,
            "content": "272 AITAREYA ARANYAKA V, I, 3-\nIhe left, one to the right, and five fiuhoms long, and should be folded double.\nI'hcn folding (each end) thrice (to the right) round the cross-beam he makes\na knot on the top, which can only be untied by twisting. They support the\nposts so as to be steady by means of branches and brushwood.® The swing\nshould be four fingers or a hand distant from the ground.'^* On the right it\nmay be somewhat higherorlevel. It should bea foot from the altar.\n4. When ^ the swing has been put in position, the Hotr taking a lute of\nudumhara wood, with a hundred strings, in both hands, strikes it,^ beginning\nfrom the lower side, as one docs an ordinary lute.® The dififerent notes ofthe\nlute he should produce in turn bythe seven metres,^ each with four (syllables)\nas applying toeachropeand asmeaning, *with strandscoiled fromleft toright.’ Cf.perhaps\nthe equally obscure passage, Apastamba Yajriaparibhasa, 60, 61 XXX, 331, where\nMax Muller says, ‘The exact pioccss here intended is not quite clear. The ropes seem to\nhave Ihjcu made of vegetable fibres. See Katy., I, 3, 15-17’). \\{savyadaksim= \\i^{\\, and\nright, cf. fortheuseofthedvandva^Wackernagel,AltiadischcGrnmmatik, II,i, if>o, who cites\nAtharvaveda, XIT, i, 28: padbhyam daksinasavyabhyatn \\ TaittirTya Prahmana, I, 5, 10, i:\nSHvanjarajatabhydm ktiYibhydm. 'Phedifferent order of woids,saiyadakHna,is in accordance\nwith the usual rule as to number ofsyllables determining the order of the numbeis of their\ncompounds, Wackernagel, II,i,166.\n\" Sayaria explains that they fill up the holes in which are placed the feet of the posts\nwith dust, which is not thrown in by hand but by branches and hrsJs. This, however, is\nquite unnecessary. Piushwood would be a much better material for strengthening the hold\nofa post. liedefinesbrsJas trnavallUdlapatravenudalddiOhirnirmitd a!pakatavik}dh. The\nswingwas obviously shaped like this jV/j.\nThedistanceaccordingtoJ^ankhayanashouldbeaprddeia,XVTT, 10, 13. Ibid.,XVIJ, i,\ndiscusses the planks; 2, the ropes and dsandi\\ 3, the lute; 4, the drums; 5,6,7,the other\naccessories and the preliminary steps, in great order and detail. Cf. Latyayana l^rautaSutra,\nIII, 12.\n^ There arc similar passages in the Tandya Brahmana,V, 5, 4sq., and I.atyayana J^rauta\nSntra, 111 , 12,8; IV, i, besides in the J^ankhayanaSrautaSutra,XVII, 3; 15, 10sq. Sayana\njioints out that the Hotr is now seated to the west of the swing. Tlic exact words as to\nthelutedonotoccurin^ankhayana, butitiselaboratelydescribed,XVTI,3.\nSayana renders merely, ‘he should hold it on his left side like a lute.’ But the idea is\nperhaps rather that he strikes one stiing after another, ascending in the scale, beginning\nfrom below and ascending, tittarataJy cf. iirdhvam below and Agnisvamin on Latyayana\nSiautaSutra, IV, i,4.\n’ So Sayana on RV., I,85, 10, where he similarly explains the phrase vdmm dhamantah\nused of the Maruts,cf.Ill, 2,5, n. i; Benfey{Sdmaveda^ p.169) takes vdna there as\nflute, and Zimmer {Aliindisches Lchaiy p. 289) follows him. Max Muller i^Marut Hymns^\npp.120, 12O preferredtoseeinit meiely ‘voice’. For udfthami,cf.Wackernagel, AUindhche\nGrammattkfI,92,whoconsidersuhere anablautofw. raninilestrictsitsusetoAtmanepada,\nbut Katyayana allows Parasmaipada with a prefix as here (Liebich, Parihii^p.84).\n* i.c. he plays notes corresponding to verses composed in these meties. The four more\nare, Sayana says, virdj^ dvipada^aiichandas,and chando'ntaratn. Ifthis last be omitted ten\nare got. But despite its use elsewhere, e.g., .^atapatha Brahmana, X, i, 2, 8,it must surely"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1605,
            "content": "^\n-V, I, 4 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 273\nover, or with ten. (He should say), 'I produce thee with the gdyatn metre.\nI produce thee with the anustiibh metre. I produce thee with the usnih metre.\nI produce thee with the brhaii metre. I produce thee with the pahktt metre.\nI produce thee with the iristuhh metre. I produce thee with thejc7ga/i metre,\nI produce thee with the virdj metre. I produce thee with the dvtpada metre.\nI produce thee with the atichandas metre.' Having gone through the metres\naccording to the series of notes, he strikes the lute thiice, beginning from the\nfoot with a branch of udurnbara wood, fresh and still leafy, using the foot of\nit, (to the words), ‘For up-breathing I strike thee, for down-breathing I strike\nthee, for cross-breathing I strike thee.’ But he should not say, ‘I strike thee,' for\nother desires.'^ Then he hands over to the Saman singers the lute with' the\nbranch.*’ He places his two hands on the back plank (wuh the words), ‘For\ncreatures thee (I touch),' and pushes the swing to the east (with the words),\n‘Swing forward like the breath,’ crosswise^ (with the words), ‘Swing crosswise\nfor cross-breathing,’ and back to himself (with the words), ‘Swing like back-\nbreathing.’ He repeats the words bhuli^ bhuvah, and svar.^ He then pushes\nthe swing to the east\" (with the words), ‘For breath I push thee,’ crosswise\n(with the words), ‘For cross-breathing I push thee,’ and back to himself (with\nthe words), ‘For down-breathing I push thee.’ (With the words), ‘May the\nVasus mount thee with the gayalri metre, I mount after them,’ he places his\nelbows on the back plank. Then he should touch the front plank with his\nmean, each metre has four more syllables than its predecessor, viz. 24, 28, 32, &c., and so\n.Sayana takes it on Aitareya Brahmana, VIII, 6,6.\n® No doubt, as Sayana says, a reference to a practice of other J^akhas, but not to the\nU w DS chia lokn blhk reah uya cd ay kna ,dn sa ap j)A a alr rtda ,in a Sy cy . ya d ngk t.a .i ,n Ao Vr IA ,.iS , 3tr 8aa 5Vru ),et ya :a 8S , eu B nt 9rr aaa m. (h -cm i ma t nF en ydo a mr , dbt nyVh iIe SI pw I veo , tir dj /d e1 irs 3 y,. aa ,u V wd eF hdu o i em sr nb c ,/t itu e hhy oed wu, ec n vo dS ene rse ,t Si, au anc c cf st. cki ofa o rinu df,d i-u nScm gf y.b na ttt or ahy xe Wd hr iad c § tcr n.a e2y y0o ,d ;f\nTranslation of Atharvaveda, the reading should be marmani, loc., though martndni appears\na Gl as eo dii cn ke,the DeA rjm Ai ccr use ad ti it ii Jo ,n, p.s 2a 6m 8v .at O1 r95 m7 u. ladS eo im ee nawh ma at ya rn ea fel rog to ou ts heca ls ute es .appear in Speijer, § 83;\n* InJ^ankhayanaitistheUdgatfwhohasthroughouttodealwiththelute.\n’ Clearly the vydna is a breath at right angles toprana and apdna. This is an unusual\nEc .onc T.e ,pti p.on 279o .f it, and is not mentioned in Deussen, Philosophie der Upanishads, > n t'- 2C02 .•\n“ Sayana says thatthe repetition ofthese threewords denotesadesire that the three worlds\nbeestablished bythe threefold moving of the swing. Theyare usedin Latyayana.IV, 1,4, in\nUc lo dn en *ne bx rei hro egn\n,\new vi\nR\nat eh\nl di eg\nnt\ni\noh oe\ntn\nep sdl\nt\nta\ns\nhy ai tPn eg\ntd\nhao e,f at\np\nc.h te\ni4\no3l nu 2t\n,\nie s.\nn a.\ns;C bf eW.\nfi\nona rtl ees ,io\nn\noiW nta lzc y,k te\nG\nhr\ne\nen sa\nc\nvhg e,e rsl\nd\ne,\ne\nsrA bil enl idi nin gsd\ni\ndi\nh\nis\n.\nfi fh\nL\nee\ni rt et\nnG\n.\nt,r (a\n1\nSm\n,\nam y1a a6t n2i\n.\na)k .^1,339;\nInSankhayana, XVII, 16, hetouchestheswingwithhisbreastandthenalternatelyheputs\nh pi rs efir xi eg dh ,t aa nn dd ele af ct hsi ed ne dsov we ir thwit ah daM ta in vt era rs d/ya dl ym ao ,st Sei ed .ent Hic eal tw hi et nh pt lh ao ns te sh he ir se, tws oave fet eh tat toar thk eo’ ej ai sti .s\nKHfH T"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1606,
            "content": "AITAREYA ARANYAKA\n274 . V, i, 4-\nhands separately,\" like a serpent about to creep. He should touch the middle\nplank with his chin, or if there arc two’“ the point ofjoining of the two. (With'\nthe words), ‘May the Rudras mount thee with the iruiubh metre, 1 mount after\nthem,’ he lays his right thigh\" (over the seat). (With the words), 'May the\nAdilyas mount thee with thejaga/i metre, I mount after them,’ (he lays) his\nleft thigh. (With the words), ‘May theAll-gods mount thee with the anusiubh\nmetre, I mount after them,’ he mounts (the swing).\" To the west of his own\naltar he places his right foot pointing to the east, and then his left.\" If the\nformer is tired, then the latter; ifthe latter,thentheformer. Butthetwo together\nmust never be off the ground. The Hotrakas sit down on bundles of grass,\nand so docs the Brahman priest. The Udgatrsits on a stool of udtmbara wood.\nIf he has to leave for any absolutely necessary action, then having set one to\nguard, he descends towards the east, and having carried out the exact business he\nThen he sits crosswise on the swing an(i touches the hack ofit with the Mantra, Prajdpati'^\ntvdiohatti.vdynhprenkhayatu. Thisactispieccdedandfollowedhythreeexpirations and three\ninspirations. The Mantras of the Udgatr in mounting his seat in Latyayana Srauta Sutra,\nIII, 13 , 8, are like those in Sahkhuyana, omitting arko^si^ hut Lafyayana, III, 12, 9, permits\nthem to he reduced to simplygdyairena tvd. chaudasarohomi, &c. In I.atyayana the verses\naresaid hytheUdgatr. Ibid., 10-12. Gautama adds a fifth stoma with vairdjena^Dhanaiii-\njayyahasfour,andSandilyaonlythree.\nTheAnanclasramaeditionreads /zf,whichisnonsense. Thereading ofRajendral.lla\nisthatclearlyofSayana,whotakesthe pointofcomparison tolie in the fact that heraises his\nhandsasasnakeabouttocreepraisesitshead. Ndndmustbeanadveibmeaning‘separately’.\nItmightpossiblybesuggestedthatitmeanthere‘without’,asenseascribedbyPanini,II,3,32,\nhut even then the comparison with the snake would have little point. For the use of ndnd^\nc (f =.^ K. aa th yk ah ya ay na ana Sr.‘S ar ua tu ata SnS tu rt ar ,a X, IX I,VT 2, ,8)7 :,8 n; dn1 d0; pdpX aV kI rI t, ya3 ;, As8 v; alL aa yt ay na ay Ga rn ha ya^s Sr uau tt ra a,S Iu ,t 3r ,a, 10I :II n, dn3, dp9\ni\nsatidaivate \\ ManavaGrhya Sutra, II, 18,andotherpassagesinBloomfield, VcdicConcordance,\nP*5 \"4.V T’- herb eor maa ysi bm eil ta wr ome ot ra tp hh ro er e, ,c Vf ,.A 1i ,v 3a .lay Ta hn ea yJs ar ra cut fa aS su tt er na e, dV hI y, t6, he5 i: tly cc fj s./hdiakunirufpaii^yan.\nInSankhayanai^iautaSutra,XVII,16,i,occurs,daknnambkdpamdtmano'ttharan,where\nCovindaexplainsbyhrdaydtprthakkurvan,butSayanahere talksofprehkhdrohanam, andthe\nsenserequiresthemeaning‘laysover’,whichisprobablymeantalsoin theI^ahkhayana passage,\naspointedoutbyFriedlanderonJ^SnkhlyanaAranyaka, I, 7. Cf.Introd., p.67.\n\" ThesameseriesofgodsandmetresoccursintheVajasaneyiSamliita,XI,60,65; Taittiriya\nSaiphita, IV, 1,5; MaitrayamSaipliila, II,7,6 ; Taru.lyaMahabrahmana,Vll,6; ^^ahkha)•ana\nAranyaka, XI,8. Cf. Jsatapatha Brahmana,VI,5,3{agnicayana'), X, 4, 17, and seeWeber,\nJnd.Stud.,XIII, 268,andcf.theRajasuyaverses,AitarcyaBrahmana, Vill,6, 1-4.\n\" Theexactsenseofthisistaken bySayana to be that the feet are to be usedalternately,\nandthisseemscorrect,thoughitisnotsaidexactlythatthetwocannoteverbehoihontheground\natonce. Theymustnotbebothoffthegiound,cf.1,2,4. horthegen.withpakdt,cf.Aitareya\nBiahmana,VIII, 10,9: etyagrhdnpakddgrhasydgner upaviddyommrnbdhdya rtvigantatah\nkamsenacaturgrkitdsiisuidjydhutiraindrihprapadamjuhoti. Thiscorrects Speijer’s remark\n{VedtscheundSanskrit-Syntax, § 83), followedbyDelbruck, Vergl.Synt.,I, 743,thatpaiedtis\nnotsofoundbeforetheJ^rauta.Sutras."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1607,
            "content": "-V, I, 5 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 275\nshould mount again in the manner above set forth, omitting the utterance (of\nbhuh, bhuvah, and svar)}^\n5. He instructs the Prastotr, *'In the paheavifnia sioma proclaim the first\npraiihdra when cither three verses remain to be said, or two and a half' or\ntwelve and a half. Jatukarnya holds that this should be done when there remain\ntwelve and a halfverses. When the Prastotr has spoken, he repeats’*(the verse),\n‘Thou art a bird with fair wings. I shall speak forth this word, which will\ndeclaie much,® fare far, produce much, gain much, effect more than much,\nSayana takes ajapayd vrtd as the form. It may equally be ajapayd dvrUl, avrt\nb Sue ti rn ag ,m Vo ,re ir,us 4ua ;l 5i ,n &t ch .is\n;\ns ce fn .se W, eba es r,in InM da .na Stv ua d.,Cj Vr ,hy 4a 10S .utra, IfII a, va4, 'y2 ak; a9 r, m8 ij neAW isal rS eay dan ta heSr sa eu nt sa\ne\nmust be, ‘If he should go for (toserve) some onewho has something he mustdo on hand.'\nAtfirstsightthisseemseasier,butit\"\"karitiinehadbeenoriginalitwouldhardlyhavebeenchanged\ntokarmane, alessobviousconstiuction, whilethereverseofthisprocesswould benotunnatural.\n\\{°karmine isread, secfortheformation whichis rare inearlytexts, Wackermigel,AUinJische\nGrammatik,\\\\,\\, 121,122. Forthedat.,cf.Gaedicke, tm fWa,p.i35; Delbruck,\nVergl,Synt.,I, 177, 301.\n^ So Sayana explains ardhatrtlydsu. Thepratihdra is repeated five times usually before\nthelast/rtV<2 of theterse, cf. Hillebrandt, Kitual-Litieratur,p. 100and refl*. For the impeia-\ntivein signifyinganactiontobecarried out aftersomethingelse, cf. Delbruck,Altindiuhe\nSytUax,y. 363; Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar, §§ 570,571. The dictum ofWhitney that the\nbenedictivesenseof theimpeiative intatwas not exemplified,can onlybesupported on avery\nnarrowinterpretation oftheword‘benedictive’,notmerelyforclassicalSanskrit (whereitoccurs\no rf dt yen hain mJa ni ona ncK ta av b> ka ait ue ixt is d) db du nt ual ds yo unf ,or itVe id si sc u. relE y. ag b. suin rdRV t. o, taIl kl e, b2 h2 a, v2 at: dtdg an se iv mi pep ra ai ty ia veb ,r ah sat da ob eh sl\ntO il )d te hn db de rr dg vi{ nS e. hB d.E d. h, attX dE tV ,I ‘, ma2 y8 sH t) ’; issi cm li el aa rr ll yy ti hn eW seh ni st en ,ey a’ ns dow ‘n mae yx ’am hp ele hif msr eo lm fR uV s. es: iy nd td rai ni sr ld ah tv id ngs\nthe example from the MBli., hhavdn prasddam kurutdt. Probably, therefore, in denying the\n‘benedictive’sense, Whitneyrefersto thatwordinthe narrowestsenseofablessingpronounced\nby some personwho in the ordinaryviewis entitled to bless. This is so far borneout bythe\nfact that Panini, III, r, 50 {dUsi ca) is explained by the SiddhantakaumudI (following the\nK.iUkaVrtti) as d^thprayokturdharmah \\ didsituhpitrdder iyam uktth \\ In these cases the\nbenedictive is regularly used in Sanskrit, e.g. tat kirn anyad dUismahe kevalam viraprasuyd\nbhuydh (Vikramorva^I),ortheking’sformaldiJh, e.g. dkalpdntamcabhiiydt mmupacitaiuk/iah\nsamgamo sajjandndm (Ratnavali),or the imperative (e.g.intheverse fromthe Ratnavali just\ncitedin factthreeimperativesoccur),but in theearlylanguageat anyrate I can findnocertain\nexampleofAdtsoused. Putthedistinction betweenawishandablessingisevanescent.\n* TheJ?afikhayanaAranyaka, T, 8, and Srauta Sutra,XVII, 17,give the Mantras in reverse\no ^r ad ne kr h, aa yn ad naom ii dt entt ih fe iesuk tt hh ia sv wT ir ty hdn pi r. dnaF ,or bus tu sp ea ert mw\ny\n^dg na kr hu dt ym ad nn aAse re anV yaj aa ks an ,ne py .i 77S ,ar np .hi 6t .a,XII, 4;\n® Sayanainteipretstheseepithetsveryinadequately,butit is most probable that they are all\ngenuine including svar vadisyantim,whichhas least MS.authority. TheAnanda^iramaedition\nconsidersSayana’stextdefective,butmostjirobablyheregardedsomeoftheepithets asobvious,\nt kah ro iu sg yh anp te ir mha bp as huhe karha td yan not si^s arva gr amv aa yd ii ss yy aa nn tti im m. svaL ra gt ay ma ay ya in sa yah nas mdon mly ima dft ner yav ja ad mt d\\ ny dd nm ,i : seeba Ih Vu\n,\n2, 10. SoalsoDrahyayana. .‘^ankhayanaAianyakarecognizesbahukarisyantimbahorbhiiyah\nkartsyanhm svar gamisyantJni svar imdn yajamdndn vakyantim only, which resembles\n1' 2"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1608,
            "content": ",\n276 AITAREYA ARANYAKA V, I, 5-\nwhich goes to heaven, which will declare heaven, fare to heaven, produce heaven^,\ngain heaven, carry this sacrifice to heaven, and carry the sacrificer, me, to heaven.’\nThe word ‘sacrificer applies only to one who has been consecrated, not\nto one not consecrated.^ In the case of a friend of his,' he should say\n‘carries N. N. to heaven’, not ‘will carry’. He then repeats the ukihaviryas^\nand, ‘Breath (isunited) with speech, may I be united with speech. Eye is united\nwith mind, may I be united with mind. Hearing is united with the self, may\n1 be united with the self. May I have greatness, glory, good fortune, enjoyment,\nthe slobhci^ and the stoma verse, sound, renown, prosperity, fame, and fruition.’*\nLatyayana’s version given above. The J^rauta Sntra, XVII, 17, i, has: fremam vacant\n7)adiyami bahu k‘a}tsyaiitim bahu kart^ynn bahor bhuyah iz>argamiyantim svargamityan.\nBloomfield{PedicConcordame^p.642^)givesLatyayanaandSahkhayanaashavingsvargam^&c.,\ninsteadofsvargam° butthat this is quitewrong mayliepioved, not onlybyits inherent\nimprobabilitybut also bySaakhayana Aranyaka, I,8 (theAranyakaunluckilydid not come to\nB 1l 9o 0o 8m ,fi pe .ld 2’ 0s 4.notice),whereoccursS7<arhyesdvdgganiisyantibhavait\n;\nsecmynote,J.A\\A.S.,\n* i.e. not to the Hotr m an ckd/ia or ak/na, but in a ia/Zra. Cf. V, n. i and\nIII, 2, 4. n. 2.\n* This seems to be the same. Ifso,this passage recognizes the performance for a friend\nA.a rg .a ii nn )s at kaS ,an I,kh 8ay ;an na dmA ui many ba ek ia n,\ng\nI s, aii d.; t Th he eca fs ue turo ef ia sn noe tne tm oy beis uss ep de ,ci fa ol rly thd eeal pt resw ei nt th isin toth ba et\nusedtosignifytheimmediateattainmentofheaven(Sayana).\n® 1he SIX Mantras, ghosdya ivdy Uokdya tvd, ^rnvate ivd, upairm<ate fvd, d^ruiyai tvd,\nditutdya ivd, says Sayana. Though Sankhayana does not mention the ukthaznrydni heie,\n.t Sh ae yy ba gna gar e’e ls if nr l gie s ,q t,u Se .n At s Dl v .y a Ela .l a ,l yu a Xd n Xe ad VIJt s ,o rai 3un t 2a 7.t Sh ie i Tt. r' has e,r rau eVta , isS 9n , ot nr 2 ea 1, ; foV r1I 0I e,, ac19 h0, ; o6 f1; 4 t, h1 e0 1, 6 Il;1 o5 tr1; ’5 s,19 J2, s3 a;2 st5 ra1; s8 .,20 1, 3;ii, 20& ,c. 8, aS ne de\n” Sayana explains as the fruits of these parts of the Sainan. The omission of the verb\nmaybe compared withV, 2, 2,n.13. InTaittirlyaAranyaka, IV, 21,is mayid/iayisuvTryam\nbaf ht aer dra as meri me eso vf ocl ooc. bhuC to am mpa mr ee vf oo cr at hhe irli ist y, aS mah mk eha vy oa cona yaSr hau mta eS vn ot <r oa, mV a, yii, b1 h0 ar: gobh ma ar yg iam bhm ae dz rj aoc mo\nmayibhiitirmayihtrmayiya^ah. Scheftelowitz,ZurStammbildungtndenindo-ge>manischen\nSprachen, takes bhargas as equal to ‘beauty’, quoting RV.,I, 141, i : bdl ittha tdd vdpuse\n^d ah ta ay pi atd ha ari Ba rt ad hm mad ne avd ,sy Va ,b 4h ,dr 5,gah i,s .d ah na dso coy md pt ao rj id nn gi\\ OlI dII, Sl6 a2 v, on1 i0 c; blA iV sk. a, ti,XI &X c, .37 T, hei s; eVI s, en6 t9 e, nce2 s;\nit will be noted contain older forms ofwords and expressions than the ordinary Sotra form\nSor ot vh de gme der ve tl si otu mr ag si yca al td ri pr ye ac it uion a; ndcf. duB hl do ro nmfi me al hd, atVe id nic V,Co 3,mo 2.rda Ame, prep c. isv eiii, paa ran ld leV l, i3 s, f2 o, un n. d17 i.\nn\ng sT a aa ui mt pt ai i vr y dly t ba na pA rr \\ da s nn d ey m nak aa r, d sy aI d mV s, ap1 hd1 ats f: e ins ad prm \\ dv na y eh nd d asm ,attA a,y nu d&s cd . saI ms .d '^m l. aa kp h sr k uhd ran y ^d ann &aa c.S ,I ru a aui stm av ind Sr utc tra has e,d I AX is V td I am I re,p yad 1 ,y 7a , bs 1 ud , t\\ h ss a ad s mm :\nirotfam, &c., it omits.\nAfter stomayUoka maywell be‘verse’,orpossibly‘hymnofpiaise’. Klscwhcreitmeans,\neh vo dw re nve kr l, rtm ie mre il ly dk‘ af mam ve i’ n, date e. ,g. whB if ch had aa pr p. ea an ry sak ta oU bi eian ti hs ead o, nlI y, U4 p, ai7 ii( sK aa dn icva p) a, ss1 a8 ge(M wr iu tlh hy. ta hn ad tin s. ea n) se;\n(Jacob, Cofuordance, p.940).\nBhujabhuktyorbhedobhogyabhedenadrastavyak (Sayana)."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1609,
            "content": "y ^ '\n-V, I TRANSLATION AND NOTES 277\nHaving called• (to the Adhvaryu), he mutters the word ‘speech There are\nthree calls'\" (for the Hotr), at the beginning of the l^astra, of the nivid, and\nof the concluding verse. The Adhvaryus\" make sounds. On this day one”\nshould give much food. They cause a warrior” to pierce a skin. They smite\nthe earth drum, and women play lutes'*. There is intercourse ofcreaturc.s,” and\na conversation between a student and a courtesan. The Udgfitrs sing various\nSamans for the Niskevalya ^astra,” the Hotr begins with the strophe of the\nRajana Saman.\nIn Sankha3’ana J^rauta Sutra, XVII, 12, 5, the anujapa is: vagaynr viivnyur vUvam\nayur ehy eva hhtdropehi viivatka vidd ma^havan vidd Ui. Tlie call is adhvaryo ionisavom,\nAitareya Brahmana, III, 12, &c. ; Sankhayana Srauta Sutra, XVII, 17, 14. (Jarbe, Rttual-\nLtiteratur, pp. 100-102 ; CalandandHenry, I'Agnidoma p. 2.^2.\nNot,asin prakrti,alsowiththeanunlpasand (Sayana).\nKdraya^iti is little,ifany, more than a simple verb. Cf.epic examples in Iloltzmann,\no S pran en lsW ikh mti iit ntn a- re S yy yns tt oaS xa tn y h< e; %k br e3i g0t i4 n.G nr ia nSm gom oa fir n ty hP ea§ l .§ i ^al sa to n r^ adi ., P1 r P0 a r6 k er8 si; t u, mS ap Me bui lj l ye lr e t, r h,V er P wd a oi l iu i dh se G ,ru la in m kd emaS tra hn y os sk epr .i mt e1- 0 nS 7 ty . in ot na d eX ' dhy i bs§ eli is o(; w6 ,.a\na AFr a re m aei nln ylt a,e kn ad C ,e ud l pt .t so 7o 8f .fri tg hh eten Gra ew ea ky Sd lae tm eo sn ,s H. I,&c 3. 1 ;Cf C. roQ oo ko eV ,y NJ oo rt tt hr ena rI nc If nI dih al ,len pi .c 1S 0t 6u ;die mS yy I SQ a0 n2 k, hap. ya11 n; a;\ni.e.theyajanulna.\nkingoT rh he isc re ei pc rm eso en ny tai ts ivt eies jc iir ei rb cc cd sa tt hegr se ka it ner wile tn hgt thh rei en aJ rs ra oh wk sh ,ay wa hn ia chJ^ ar ia euta no. tSn atr la l, oX weV dII t,\no\np15 e. netiT ah te\ne\nthrough. The idea is clearly a rain spell. The airows pieice the sky and bring down the\nwaterstheskyimprisons. Thisideamayexplainthearcherinthemythofthedescentof\nSfima\nat 2nh 7do 2u sg\nqi\nTh\n.n hst ;\net rh\n.\nV,e\ndn\nrii\nX\nucd\nhf\nm.e\nx\nmwa\nG Q iya\nna yep\ngd\nAp ie\nic I\nsa\nk\nhr\nje\nns\ni, d cu\nrd fi cDs ohet reo\nr\nmr eSt dyAe nd\ne ot nc\nat\nu\naxh me ri\nt\npe\napw\nw.( hiB\n2\nil\n2m\ndo\n5\ne,o ,m\nI\n2f\nN\ns2i\nd\nte\n6a\nil\nc,\n;d t,\ncVj hi\nc/\nep t. dgl o2 . v7 eS5\ni( y9 n.\ns t\naq. ,y\n.\n,. h,\n; oI\nlX\nI eL\n,V iI\n1\nde,\n1b u7i\ng,c2\nh\ni2\n, 1\nn1s\n8\ntq P. he)\n;\nez.\nIz gI.\nrI,F oBo u2er\nn,i dt\n4t\nr ,\noh\n.\nu,e\nn t.\nsa\nX\ni1r\nT 6\ndc\n.,\ne!\n'\nthe vediyhymeans of the tailof the sacrificial animal, f^ankhayana, XVII,5. There are also\nfour or six ordinary drums used. Thewives used vaiious instruments, ghd'takarkarir ava^ha-\ntarikdh kdndardndhptchord;//,ibid.,XVTI, 3, 12. Anotherlist, partlythe same,in Latyayana\nIV, 2, 1-8. Cf. ITillebiandt, Ved. Myth., U, 190;fA,O.S.,XXTIT, :jo9. *\nu Cu^ ftpv .a t^ k a T7F a r aQo lr iaSr , tp sa ta ynAs iy ddi k ia mm o lh ni yn al vt ai ya i es ar d S, n \\ i ac a t miAe a hrr SI d ioe B r tnm s a e ay,o u t ,an t a mi O tae s Vpfs Si Huun u n ,tt s rro A, a d c 5,p n ap ,r p laXo . 9ymV ,m a2 lo i 4i lt u ,,e t msq s df 6 a Te g,r ; n hat i ni d eml a; hi yt m d cy 2 oy, S nn: ac a vaf a en. tt rk akf shha p aaaar tarn y irl ye oa u il a nn dl hm/, a a od y\\ fL rA ayra na tl a A t htl pn i eis .y -0 {a ss i y/ tk t \\s . ut a r t dai ph , emp aJ nbi np tG aip sr ,m. ae ad rce n8 m i pk d2 s t aeaS nds u ct tq oa . tbt ub )e a rys r t;, u eSi s saI a e aI y ekI nah, n Xa a i8 l X s,0 a I, t g,si i1 a v0 y 1i es3 9t n; .y;\nSin rauL ta aty Sa uy ta rn a,a, XII TV T, ,3 3, ;9 v- .1 S1 ch; rot eh de erm ,i Mt yh su tn ea riin um17 u; nc df. MiKa mt uh s. ,ak pa p..S 1. 6a 1mhi st qa ., ,wX hX oXI oV ve, rl5 oo; ksK5 tt h> e5 fy oa rn ca\ne\nfo >f Rt .he Ap .l Su .r ,al 1( 9y 0a 9r ,an p.ti 2) 05i ,n nt .he 2.Kathaka ; Oldeiiberg, Gott.gel, Anz., 1909,p. 77,n. i; ’ my note '\ntsa lema Hn oS ta ry t\n.\n.a h 1e 7n ”a Of sni qe r .x s ttp hl ea tri pin rss it ei sct thh sa ,ot f cft .whe Oh li dU c cd h ng ba s et e rr r gs v ,ess Ri ean lsg igtt ihh oe e nir c do e. smS. ni Vim eea dnn as c ,ef mi pr c ps n .t to 3f 8o 3a fl sl qt .he e jnd Wi N en i bg s ekw rei ,vt ah Il nyt dah .e . S^r tad s utj dra a ’n Xa om f\nIhe Latyayana .Srauta Sntra,which goes into furtherdetail, mentions also .as pait of the"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1610,
            "content": "=73 AITAREYA ARANYAKA\nV, i, 6-\nO MG. a-‘ hT al vi aat n,wa ts hit oh ue ghold te hs yt gi rn eat th ne esw so 'rld (s R’ V( ,RV X. ,, X 5, 4),120 ‘) H, e“T gh ra ot wef ta hme moof rethi fn oe\nr\nstrengih' (RV., VI, 30), and the three verses beginning, ‘Thee, manliest of men,\nwith songs, with hymns’ (RV., Ill, 51, 4), (are the commencement ofthe Sastra).\nHere some say^thatone should take from the body-verses the two quarter-verses,\n‘Join with the sweet what is sweeter than sweet’ (RV., X, 120, 3c), and ‘The\nsweet with the sweet hast thou conquered’ (ibid., 3d), and repLice’thern with\nthe wing quarter-verses, ‘O Maghavan, O Indra, the strong steeds (RV., VII,\n3.^, 22c), and ‘O Indra, grant a cow, a chariot horse’ (RV., VI, 46, ' 2c), and put\nin place of the latter those other two. He thus wins the profit of a cow^ and\nisc\nR\nwnuc honr\nio\nm,e\ncr\nam hdao\nnn\netn\nr\nhiM att‘\nt\nsros\nh ie a\nua\nmv ma ae\npf\np r\nn. htpg y.h\no\ntl\ni phn\nah\ne\nrtc\nT\naeml\nh\nlvew\nli\nenc\nl et\nlc\ne\nsn\nfyo iref\nia\ns\nntn\np (e h\ndA\ncr a\niei\ns r fro\nny\nfen\nea\nels m il\nmo( ,tV tnoa yCi\np\npui\n.i\nl>\nc ia\nty\nihi\nsa\ntas\ns)\nre o\nla\nofa\nyn\nfn\ntd\nd h tse\nha\nhc\neoGnJ\nl\nwr^\nwi e\nsn ocd\nei\nir\nk/ t\nla\ne h dS\nef tto\nah\n(r\nnte\nUaea\nss ta e,\nucs nrtk eeIsi rIn\nI ,o\no,fw\nf\nAh\n1 nt\n7i\nt -h 2\nhc\nle )\neh\nup 7;r\n>i ris\nice t ffs\nec .to\ns t a\nK,m\nh s\ncp\ne\nhIa\n^V\naar\ni,\nbe\nou\nnsd\n3 s, sue\nxnw\np\nvi\ne\niot\nr s\n^fh\nph sea\nctI\nlp nh\nlh\ns ,\n-ec\nsGiaJt, 1904, pp. 297-313),as Agnisvamm on TV,3,7, pointsout. Itisdiscussedm Taittiiiya\nlhaliinana, \\, 2, fi, 7. For iitual alaxpoXo^ta as stimulating vegetation or serving a piaculai\npurpose,cf. Parnell, CultsoftheGuekStates,IIJ, ,04; W, 267; Pra/er, Goldennlugh, I> 07;\nC-iooke,Aortluru India,p. 193; v. Schroeder, MystciiumundMimus, pp.309si]\nac noi di I^ *c ds S o^ a ep n so knI hd. ns a o3 y tt> ao n3 rS a e- : p«- lm S ak r cb a e^ a uI t’ ) th aa his en S maK u ,I tA im bi a un a , td na y X pa \\ ukd ' te 1a sa 1,l I ts ,1 h1 ew , 1 mi 4jt ,, bh ea 7 ft n ; oh d re eAt rb s taio ha nd eu yy t ar ka a an S ,d utt r IIh a ,e , iXs Vu ; Td l ha il id eI ,o ,k soa ti ms . ai ntv 7se ais t Re h Vefo ll al s Vtow Hi tn wg o tioi ft. ad .2a 'I =st\noccurs in the right, the stanza RV.. VI,46, 2^ in the led wing. The .S.atapaUia BKahmana!\n3iV ''*i 3l ,l n, a. n6 d, R V3, g mg3 e ,, lis n 2e g 0e ,’m ss et xo pa l sg a er n ee a me t siw o ti n oth o of vS ea t rn h lek oh oaa kry da tn h ha ea, n la at cuh to i tu hng .ah tthn ie not J ts hp a er te a ic p si a as le nhl kay h; aa ysR ag nrg e ae fl e ti r hi r ei ig n a, g iS dt. o h/ at. rcA a'., XXLT 11I 2 20 0l , ’’\ni3 n^ Araca nr yr ai kes a,wi It Th\n,\ni it .theaidharca, VUI,69, 2<^^makingupinallaidharuiu\n;\ntheyarecallciltau\n1his is practicallya defining genitive. Cf IV: rayah suviryam, and contrast Whitney,\nSanskrit Gramma}, § 295; Speijei, Vedisihe lotdSansknt-.Syntax, § 65. Delbruck (Alti/i-\ndiH-he.Syntax, pp.153, 154)givesexaminesofthegenitiveofmaterial andorigin,andsee Ve}gl.\nAyut.,\\,3.^0,346s(j. 'Pheconstruction samfaksayoh/atandyaiscurious. Thesa}}iisjoinedwith\nf ta at ka e} nid wy ia thby dhS aa t) ta ena (, cfan Wd hiw te nem yi ,gh St anc so hm ip tare Graf fo ir irt fh ii as r,in §fra 1, 08u 1f )a .-afl Tt he, eV u, se:i, of3; tho er gs ena ’m itim vcight witb he\nf ra eat la/i ma ly ia ml^ ia vs e:wit ch f.d S/ pt ey ia ji e, r,.S Vr cm dk ih s. ca hy eana unAi dan Say )a nk ka r, itJ -I S, yn5 t; a.6 \\, ,&c §. 4) 8;dise Wn lt ii it tl ne es y,it Lt co .,be §§la 2n 8k 7c ,d 9a 8s 2.a\n1he easy conjecture ^am,though rather tempting,isunnecessary. Theconjunctionofcowand\nhorseistrulyVedic, cf. Indra’s hymn,RV.,X, 119. j : ///rvfIGme}}uinogfmdh'am sanuydm\nLil ll o; omA fl ih ea lr dv ,av Ve ed da i, cX LI oT n, ior r, da5 n: ceg ,av pd .m 34a 6*i ’v .dnd Ft on r, d&c t. ma; nWi dhn at te tr en ,it cz f., SG ae nsr kh h. ayd aer naif Sid ri aS ui th. aSLi ut tt r. a,I X, I5 V7;\n2.S,9; XV, 6, 7. ’ ’\nItis possible to think oifak^ayoh as adative(cf.Sjieijcr, Vediuhe und Sanskrit-Syntax,\n§ 12,fortheconfusionof^bhyamandohforms),butthisisnotessential."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1611,
            "content": "-V, I, 6 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 279\na horse, and the wings are made strong to fly. He intertwines these hymns with\nthe verse nadatn va odaihuim (RV., VIII, 69, 2),joining quarter-verse with quarter-\nverse, making them into brhati verses, so that the qnarter-vcrscs of the nada\nhymn are second. He also inserts in the first stanza the syllables of the word\npurusa, one in each quarter-verse, at the end, save in the case ofthe third quarter-\nverse. Thus do —cs he intertwine them. We will also set (a verse forth) as an\nexample, thus ^\n:\niad id tisa hhuvancsujyedham pu\nnadain va odalinani\nI\nyatojajna ui^ras ii'csannnno lu\ntiadiimyoymuiflno'^m\n11\nsadyo jajhaiw ni nitd/i sahiin\npaiim VO aghnydnCim\nI\namiyam visxh’ madaniy umdh so\ndhenundm isudhyaso'^m\nli\n'Fhe verse should be thrice repeated.® Should (the Udgatrs) sing as the\nRajana Saman other verses which occur (in the hymns enumerated), then (the\nHott) recites them in their own® place, but here (at the beginning of the l^astra)\nhe recites these veises (1,e. RV., X, 120, 1-3), If the other verses do not occur\nin these hymns, he should take as many out of the hymns mentioned and recite\nthe (other \\erses) in their place, but still recite these verses (RV., X, 120, 1-3)\nhere. (The verses removed) in this case are to be those before the sudadohas\nverse. The Sastra always begins with the verses commencing, ‘That was the\n^ Thephiti and the om after the fourth pada are probably meant. Cl..'^aiikhriyana, ll.cr.y\nand T, 5, 1, Rajendralala and theAnandasrama edition are both inconsistent. I’or the plu/i,\nsee Wackcrnagcl, Altivdische Gravimaitk, I, 297-300. Jkith t'^udhyasoim and ynvn\ntrno^^m present curious lorms, which may lie compared with the rule reco,i»nizcd in T’anini,\nV'l, 1,95, that om with a precedmj^^ a vowel gives om, and this Sandhi in its turn has early\np mar mal yle ol ps i( nM ia oc nd ,oi fti ic rl 7l >, amV -e \\di oc mG (r ca l.vi Im I,ar 7,\n,\nnji ..6 1)4 .). .Se. eSo alm soM Ca ’n a. la av na dG ar nh dy Ha enSu rt yr ,a, IdI, Ag4, u4 i, av od mt uto ,tn pps .ta 1nd 1s a,\n,\n166, 178, 233, 237, 238, &c., forcxariijilesofthisSandhi.\n® do make up twenty-five verses, T, 3,5,n.6; .'sankhayanaAiaiiyaka, II, i : evam Ttkrtdm\npyathaviamItih kamsatipardiJrultardh.\n® Literally, ‘in their place.’ The Udgatrs may either adopt icul id dsa as the beginning\nor stotriya, or use other verses of the enumerated hymns, or use <juite new verses, but in\nall cases the llotr must stick to tadidasa as a commencement, and must not follow the\nstrophe of the Rajana Saman. d’he new verses arc to be inserted before the sudadohas verse,\nomitting a correspondingnumberof those in the oidmaryversion. If the verses occur in the\nhymns enumerated, then they are simply recited m their own original place, since the whole\not the first three hymns is included in the Sastra, and the three veises, I, 51, 4-6, count\npicsumablyasahymn forthispurpose. Cf. n. 3on V, 2, i. For theconstruction, cf. Aitaieya\nllrahmana,V, 7, i: mahdndmmsvattastuvatetdkvarena^dmnd."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1612,
            "content": "1\n28o AITAREYA ARANYAKA\nV, I, 6-\noldest in the worlds’ (RV., X. ,20, ,). The reply ofthe Adhvaryu is not altered.’\nverse, beginning, ‘Of that milk yielder’ (RV.,\nAgn,,,o„,a,pp.55.56\n,\nH.lkbrandt,JH^uat-LitU “ralf.,p.Vo4,'n.45’ ’^\n: 4 9 8° X'\"JTs'^T “1 “ ofthreeverses,RV.,X, ,so,\n,n:X\" *•\"\n... \"'V''\nAfterthebody-versestl,eorderinS.u.kh5yan.v.andtheAitareyadiffersasshownbelow\nIlead-verses Sutra, Aianyaka,\nNeck-ycrses(with s/:an^^a, cervical column, Sahkhiiyana, XVIJI,2 II, 2\ny.A\\A,S., 1907,pp. I, 2) ft ft 3 1 3\nRightside{al'sa, bdhu^prahastaka)\nLvftside(ditto) 0 4 ft 4; 5\nAR Ua ftc\ni\nik\no\nsn(a in nuk spi ei c, iab la ,c yk .bo An \\e A, .Sp .e ,rha 19p 0s 7,lu pm pb .ar 7,]) 8o )r-\nt} ft\n^5 f ft\nt\n4 6', 5\nVdiahymn 0 7-*3 --r1 0\nl')vip(7(/ds(withardharcau) »» tf ^4 M II\nAmdrdirnahymn 0 15 >1 12\nAvapana tf ,, 16 M 13\nA}iu)tnbhasamdmndya ff M 17 » 14\nTrisjupchata M M 18 M 15\nN Ile ec sk id- -v ve er rs se es s Aitaift cya, V, » 2, I 19; 20 f hf 41 .6 I\nVertebrac-verses ft tf\nLR ei fg tht wiw ni gng ft V,f 2t\n, 2\nf 4t\n, a\nDvipadds M\nA Vi al it ais hymn ,, V, 1 3-5 I,t 4> ,3\nOru^&c. n V, 2,5 1. 5,1\nft 3, i; 2 I, 5,I; a\ndoo o.u rdb t!fr hu el1* w’ a“ s o’“ rr' de'’ ga sr kd as nt dh he at (w ro eas li ld yes ‘, cew rh vi ice ah l( cI ont li uo md n., ’,p. Ill oo e) rnh le e,di Tvi .d Resint Vosh io qib ody 6deD r nr ,. a nF r lr Xmi ^ed al na dnd he ar ndis\nyIsseedd^iTnn^AArraaptyyarkkaf ' I1 I,^, 3“ ,'* as regards the part rendered as ‘sho( u. h\" l) e' ro ’r ,’n s^ em e, m’ sbo’ rt ah tho ef rw tohi dc er na or tee\nreadinL w^si ri c^u Il Sd goh oe dak sj ea ns77 er .inA TP r h* a en^3 y e) a x, k acaa t,nd d/ i. va r i/ .' s:j if oz c nf.t sh ai aks rj es ae pn s rs t oe h bai an v bh lt p yh ke a (aS )a (st cia ocp ) la lj at u rh s -ta boaB nfr t ee ,a rh , (m baa )nn d aa r. c mf ,IP (o cs 3 )’si h2b al nny d.t ih ie\n’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1613,
            "content": "-V, 2, I TRANSLATION AND NOTES 281\nAdhyaya 2\n.\n(Thencome)theneck-verses. ‘OfIndia,*thesmiter,thepowerful,theearnest,who\nhastheworld, aremightandstrength,greatanddelightful. Themighty »overcomes\nPai» ppT ah le us de arv ee cr es ne ss iono ,cc tu hr\ne\nNw ai it gh eym aan tey xtv oa fri ta hn ets Sai nn .avt eh de a,At I,ha 5r 8v S,av we hd ia c, hV hT a, s3 \\3 2, nija 0n yd tija al sso tujin ijdt nh ee\nvv tl ii ii peyn aa nWm yW as W yv dc\\ yh a m, Jsa dyn hed rd ^ah amas no djn aao dt /a urt iuh rje sa as s ye dc io u Ijn o dd hy rt uw ujo lo nv b ae a mr ls ae ds m, hrsa san ihd ta ahJ ms \\r im I ak n vh J aa t h\\ aa s In Iya a saJs ri naa oi ni tt da y aaS du m at ti h ua r, h taX atV rnJ III rI a a, n ya i3 d, mhrw psh ute rar ume\nptiaiigauimdr'am I Indrah path tavadamo janesiiII It should,however,be noted that balam\nAis Vm .er ve el ry sioa nco in sje uc nt inu tr ee llo if giH bi ll el ,eb sr ea end Wt h’ is tni eo yx ’v sa tn ra am nslo af tial ol n,hi ps .M 30S 5S .. InIt ti hs ea vep rr so i! o>a nbl ge ivo en ne ,. whT ih ce\nh\nISpurelyconjectural, Ihave takendtujah.asagenitivefrom .^.ahkhayana(thechangeofmanda\niseasy, theaccent isdubious), like tujo and yitjo,presumaldyalso genitives. Sayana as usual\ndg n\nni\nhi a\ny\nrv ame sns\nii\nt.s\n^\ndn a ho iTJ\n'\nhh a\nD\nie t\ni\nvl o\ne\nap h; r Aa Vn \\h .;e pa ulkt\ni\nraa\na\nask m ^e ,s ya^\ndtrd\nhY\nj\ndu ojo\nvy\nydt aja u ts <j hwo le hi tit ush ije rtyr do\nj\nti( ud^i io n)\nd\n/n v ni a\nv\nd^ i /dk r ane i sv an ya\nm\nadl my nsa\nv\nahm\nd\ndi\nh\nhms rsa\n|\nsar\na\nekv na a dt iho d.\nvn\nar\na\nha\nd\n.Vt hi a rj n .a 'a ak I'a m ham e^ di Ps\na\nao ir db phh p( ra ’2\ns\nak)\na\nit\nt\naj a ea di^ ar di^\nh\nda rv it\ns\nfap fd n\nd\nel a\nn\nra - sd-\ngreatly.\n^ Thetranslation again is juirclyconjectural. Whitney, byreadingadht'ie(infin.),dhruindm\nad gh ar i^ nt sl tdm ^, (ota hn ed rs' )ly ;at ah si ,^ om fak oe lds ,it h, is‘( fH ae meis) (n wo at s)to ub ne wad va er ie id nga ,gai In ns dt ra; ’s(hi ms i) gm hi tght (i, s)da nr oe td, td oare bs ed da ar ri en dg\naj^ainst. laking the Aitareya text as it stands, 1 tliirik we must resolve nddhar<;a as nd\nadharsa{h)and takethewordasanadjectivemeaning‘impetuous’. I think nddhha,however,\nalmost certainly right (cf. RV.,V, 8, 5), ‘ He is not to be dared against.’ The'editions and\nWhitney withSayanaread thetwowoids followingasa dadharsadddhrsdndm. This is (juite\np aos ds aib dl he a, r’t sh ao dUf a^h dhth re mc nh da mng ie\ns\ni qn uiq teuan pt oi st hy iblis e,re am na drka cb ol ue l, db hu at veit ts he eem ss amt eo h sa ev ne see ws hc ia lp eed ken eo pti ic ne gt th ha et\ntj Si rar ae n nf ski lx h aa td ey ,ain n ‘a Hbo ett eh x dt a.c ra es se Is f agna ain d nd d sh tr he ts a ht eor i dsi an ig r ie. nt a gdh ;,e I hm ie swt or mue il gd{ hd tnd o isa td dh t ra ea ar k des .a ’d thea ThI p iad srh tr i acs vid op in l dd e sm a) ts hea and in ne ce u otx nep vrl ea n ni ion emi n.n cg , ebt uh ote\nf\ntheideaofmightd.aring,and theraieuseofthejircscntparticipleas a finite verb. The second\nh Sa al yf ano af et xh pe lal ii nne sii ts av ser ay vo eb rs bc au lre f. ormA ,t wi hily cd hth ii sh quo ic tc eur is mpa ol ss so ibi ln e,K ‘V W, hX e, n8 I6, nd2 r, aa cn ad ush ee dre hisas fot elin te\no\nf ta oll t.’ heI tt crm ri oig sht whh io cw hev soer ofm te ea nn f, ell‘ W cfh ne In ndt rr ae bm eb fl oi rn eg h( ecf. shN oa wi eg dh , hiH s, mi13 g) htp .ass Fed orfr ao dm ifI fn ed ir ea nt,’ tr he ef oe rr yri nn sg\nWto hiv ty na et yh ’l sh n(- o- tt er ;ack a) n, dse se eeRV G. e, ldI nV c, r,4, V3 ed( iO sl cd he enli Se lr ig t, di6 e* n. ,JL IIA* ,., 2X 9.LVI, GeV33 d1 n) er; A hV o. ld, sIV t, ha2 t1, \\y3, dtw hi it hh\noriginally mean.s ‘Falschheit’ and thence ‘Malice, Zorn,Ungnadc,Argcr, Hass, Feindschaft\naa A up rVn jp .d ar ^os aa ao cc nch dh ee na s nts ru ;t a ,t h tn e ie Pe o in sg w ce h a hn ese. ln ,io nf a Vn eAgt dVrh i.ye s, , c’ hs I eu a Vb n ,j Se d ic 2 ut 1 d,i ino e3r n)A ,Vo Ib . r Ij , ,de vct V 1a. 8I 3I, ;'n. 3 d uS 3 ro . na as ph 2 y, pe a it onr . ae a a ckn d hed hs ae r br p s ls eu er ,R ia dV iv. sy a, hd t,t hI h eaV d s, anv ‘ g4 y L, ea i rt k ,3 h e’, l th a ha es (, ct i fh ti‘ aas mn d eeo i ,lso (t tn ch hf’ e e e, ."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1614,
            "content": "'\n=82 AITAREYA ARANYAKA\nV, 2, i-\nnot him who is exceeding strong. His vigour is dreadful. When aforetime\ntreinblmgpassedfiomhim,Indra’smightwas dreadful. Mayhe giveusthatwealth\ncwe oa ml et sh )o tf heta sw un dy adh ou he a.\ns\nvI ern sd er .a i Ts ht ehe hl eo ard d, -vt eh re sem sos art em ii ngh gt dyy ata rm ion meg trm e,en be’ gi( nT nih ne gn\n‘The smgers call aloud to Indra '(RV., I, 7, ,). If(the Udgiitrs) sing the Saman\ncw hit ah ngo et dher mve pr ls ae cs e.*whic Ih\nf\nto hc ecu or th( ei rn vt eh re ses serv ai rc ee), ont eh sen not the ot ccw uo rrs ie nt gs ,a or re t so omb ee oi cnt ce ur r-\nand some not, (then they should be inserted in the place of verses occurring\nwhich should be taken out.) The last verse of the hymn (should be recited\nthe insertion being made before it), and then the sudadohas verse. Then come\nt tnc. haht a iir en se gnnn ho( tAt, st V bh . e p,o ef rn Vr hJI a an d pd e si 3a b 3. ty he. 2a . ‘U n lAyn ew s ah oe sa f tup f oloi f ur di t ni hol go lly if cdv eh t e le h ye td h vio e eme ras s sg iei y onn n ndso a e tt t o)i ‘ fc oi A hn al s ie st voo a ear f rh no ye grd e ei da ts r iic fn m fu o iies sn c,s un le. ttt xhh ci e aes sl ni sa dp n inta vgs peeas r’rca o’cg b, (ee a«p, / b&t / lcw i ). y,nh ,ge a cr t a one h rn de rdo usf o pe nt tnc hs io t te su h er xe‘s p twe ar wsap hst ou l a C, ^r g fceS\n\"• ’’\n‘Lec\"a;,gl^^^^^^^\nc unF <o ar tt ah re nf yor oin sno if utt the dv Re nr >s ae t, tof t. are n.g d. huV ra tj >a €sa yn aey mi dS ha fm ih ri vt r. w1, taI h, ,8 a: nddh Wu inr tea rn nitd zh ,i G^ e. sa chd .h dl e^ rv ia un dt ia scm hI\nci' ' •'\"d (Al-r.,HI.’\nAV. andtl;MSS.(outoT^eeVrSk\"Syra\n'OneMs'of1Sh\"anT\nhis\n^\n=• This is Sayana’s version. 'I'he Ananda^rama reads ubhaydsamsthdfta viparyayowith the\n^\ny Ilshb Siaer m kff m aeMo a srr .m ace n mat ka h dr h rot he awa aeL s nvi u aps eV t ,arr n,v e t ofe ,e rpr r rs s ee ths hhp e a aer n d tre t ae sc , te t hgd o e&ri e cvn fa .eg et ,r rs nt d ae ,h is ne f d ifo ss ic c iu c u t kd lu ea tr i py sd i , to i hnh f a boga r r es di ctn l av\" h y ue et si h l es ue ic s kh re ea ry ln o ymd f in .tn n ho i fabi t et tn hs rs e nad tle .i f y hr .r et d (ei c Wo \\ sTtn an el h ccy co e kof o eb nf m rt e doh p nf re o amomr gu en e enu me lb dt bw ,hh s ea av rt Ay ie s ldr v o ts s ce f ie a or ns s nm dte fs h ii . is t e snh ct e c hdo d' eonIb ' a mthe ov Ge pi rom cw p aa ua o a s mnd r r e -dde - s\nb( nosu Lm r o »^ cba o sth st n o e Ttai t 4c m d\na\n.y h hk o smo ea,\na\ner tf 1o rs\\ hd\nn\n3na\\ a .^a A -tn, t ‘m n 1hj smier a 5a1 K an, e , n hde ;ss kd4 htPt ha9 V- h ayh v i v Ie ya ee- e Ir2 a5 rn r Ia7 A n2 sa bs ,2) am ie i ev. )s ta o it ,\n.\n7a. n\nn\nSp 6r( rga ,aB ec aonru yf unf 1dyt ta oT 0aa, nth -SRy sB Sh 1f eaa V\ne\nueru 3yh .\nn\ntr aa s, rt f c ;bn\ne\nah o omi a\n.\n,e Vs rrI a’r I, am, Xns Imp Va IC2t .o v )\nIf\n,w6h ,s e .,, Ie os r 9r i t Ius\nI\n3e b 9 di ,al\nn\n,l o; snd ti e ns 2dd r. 1,om -n i b1\nd\n3gno e p8 ,iao9 ,n vU rs,s v\ne\nao pb tsp e\ns.\nnhie h rw7 yec b 9a ty, a .i l hy oa yy e(radl fKans hurc *d tm eed o b h, ae n am h odfa gr a s-i aen t ey{ virg hi ey d nu m en ra usl sg\ns\nsu ta i eoc er sn si i il d) Rn t dy t ’ th i h bhs e ni e yurlsa aa sam nrt ,t V ts y dp e h e hr Rt r e d e,e R Vh f i =c rd\n.\nSe >ci en ) ,c ms a.f aa ie . mad I, nl adi ay i lvB na nn 7oel gn e nro 1cd .ebooo s-.fmr ibt r f nm 3eh R ge i aie a ec -e rIn kjt l t sc 1e g e .do n s 6,n f mdo uj r ar s Se a bv y e -lc h o7nJt 2t a\n-\nmslu 0bw y elr eeo la •e\nISC 1,30, 1-9, to correspondwith the Saman singers. If the latter use onlyI, 50, 1-3, then\ntthhe^lecita7 tionisbyhalf-verseso ,f at nh de to ht ehe sr udt are da os hat so vm ea rk see ou ccp urt she atni tn he ev ee nr ds .es. AsintheAitare^ya\n’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1615,
            "content": "-V, 2, 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 283\nthe vertebrae-verses. ‘The Soma is pressed for thee, come to the sacrifice,\nrejoice in the carouse, rich in gifts, for wealth. O Indra, thou art generous and\ny ano dun ag f po lr unu gs ert .o si Wng. e\"* maH ge nifc yan ouo rve lr ec ao dm ere ,h Ii ns drf ao .e ®s i In mpsl ea ty ui on ug s,Vr bt rr ia gs ht; ,h te heis ls ek ai dl ef ru ,l\nthe dweller on the mountains, hastening towards you, Indra, shouting aloud, with\nhis eternal steeds.'® (Tlien comes) the siidadohas verse. The three sets of\nverses, neck, head, and vertebrae, are all to be repeated with a pause at the\nhalf-verse.^\n2. The (verses of the) right wing are connected with the Rathantara Samand\nThe Rathantara has for its strophe, ‘We praise thee, O hero’(RV., VII, 32, 22),\nand for its antistrophe, ‘Thee for the first drink’ (RV., VllI, 3, 7), both being\n* Theseversescontainan unusualnumberofrareexpressions,antitheuncertaintyas to their\naccentaddstothedithculty. The reading of vijdrah isverydoubtful. K in the commentary,\nwhich is followed by Bloomfield, Vedic Comordance, S, and the MSS. have vijara/j, while\nSayanaperhapsreadvidurah (vtitdaM'adzuJnf/ngrnadhyd asmadagn kathayitum atra hrsto\nhhavd). I have tianslated the vijdrah {‘ivijardh) of R’s text, and itiVtn grnadhyai as an\ninfinitive practically etpiivalent to an imperative, ‘Let us sing of,’ cf. Delbruek, AUindische\nSyntax, pp. 411stp ; Whitney, Sanskrit Giammar, §982d; Hopkins,A,J.P,, XIII, 21 sq.;\nSpeijer, VcdischeundSanskrit-Syntax, §216.\n* yigdhdh, Sayana lenders as sevitum iakyah. Cf.RV.,Ill, 3,5,whereit isanepithetof\nAgni. Thesdnonetanim lookslike an imitationofolderverses,suchasKV,, II, 6, 5,without\nmuch regard to their construction. Bossibly the reading should be (cf.on IV) sdm (which\nwould becomesan before no). So MaitrayanI Sainhit.l, IV, 12,6, has sa dd/u)o kiratu bhuri\nvdmam, butin TaittiriyaSamhita,111 , 3,11: sam,&c. Esdh maybefromthe rootis (cf. Max\nMuller's conjecture on RV., IV, 2, 4, S. B. E., XLVI,320) and meaning ‘swift’. S takes\nsasahaturasoneword,butthis makesnonsense ofSayana. The form is unusual,see Whitney,\nGrammar, § 1161 d.\n* Sdmajrh (fortheform,cf. Wackernagel, Aliindische Grammatik,IT,i, 73, 74) apparently\nmeansthe‘bringcr-together’. Pjid cannothavethesensewhichitnormallyhas (seeIlillcbrandt,\nVed.Myth., I, 235 sq.; Bloomfield,J.A.O.S., XVI, 39) and which is here ascribed to it by\nSayana, rpsopalaksitasomarasavdn. In RV., HI, 32, 1, it seems to mean impetuous, and cf.\nrjisd, ibid, 1, 32, 6. Wim he explains as the husband and wife engaged in the sacrifice.\nRajendralalareadszhisuwhichisquitewrong,thoughfollowed inBloomfield, VedicConcordance,\np. 205*. It would of course be acc. with sdmajah. Sdsvadbhir evaih possibly merely means\nh‘ ’a ts uhu ,su Ia Vl ,’, 2,or 12‘i ;n Sh .i Bs .Eet .e ,rn Xa Ll Vc Io ,urs 4e 37s .’. TC hf e. sd eva vi eh r, se‘ si an redu une paw ra ay l, l’ elR eV d., inI o, t6 h8 e, r4 te; xt9 s.5,6 ; aryd/i\n’ This means,as Sayanaand^ankhayanashow,thatthereisa pauseat the end of the half-\nverse(and omattheend oftheverse). Theother possibilitiesare(i) pauseateachpdda,with\nom athalf-verse, (2)nopause,om atend. TheAsvalayana ^rauta Sidracontains examples of\nallkinds, see I, 2sq.\n^Cf.I,^,\n2.\n‘ If so, itmightbetaken astwowords and translateit‘the giver is to be praised’. Cf.vi\ndurdgyfjVein RV.,VI,35, 5,andcf..Sankhayaiia Aranyaka, XII, 10."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1616,
            "content": "284 AITAREYA ARANYAKA\nP^sMa\nverses. These four brhaHshe turns into six.* (Then come the hymns)\nInI drs ah ’all /Rp Vrocl va ri rm tt «h \\e deeds of Indra’ ,(RV ’’ f ’ ^aa)- ‘^In ihnn c' frath1er,’\ncbI.b aenYu rdel\nor\nw\nual i,- th^ eI ha\nw\n’R v ieV\nt\nI\n(Ih’\nS\nR’u Vv tt ht, miey nr v’ Iee! dl L9 a) ig> il\nV\nvor '(i Rou Vs\nV.\np Vr‘ a Hs y ,eh re s’bor ( fn R ivVf eor ’hs Vt rIr mIe ;ngt ah r, t\nK\n‘-^ t Th h hea <r «Rmp r Bi .- ih g - io h nr t ^n y te hd ’ e, \"( . fR\n^\nSt aVe or.r mr m’i ab aV ,l ^I ye I il nI\\i n2k\nd\nt0e\nr\nh) eaa - ’\nTh( a C hs eor sme f eeov re fr ohis ut ie rs ts h Ms eo t r ,f r ro t rt p oh she e t) hhe e•le Ff w tot uor rrw nsi t shhn ieg ipe n’ ta w or c (e sR ic Vh xo .a .in .ln ’ Ve (Ic T( It R hIe V e,d . n, 6w c.i V ,t oIh m7, e),t 4h 6 tbe h. o etl r hi ) h,rh ybaa mt en nid snS )ga f ,m ora ‘n Pi r. t as isa enT th hie s ivt merH roi wsph\ne\nhhi se ot\n’\nP.essed Soma\nof rLri’ (Rv’ VT T 7 'k’ “ ^ '\"\"I\nTw(c hiRr hC ne ee.a g r,s e le eI fd SI a t,? ic e w8 o i, n o n( , n n gk e ei cV ) it h s, o uI t cS nlI odV na r, w nei et2 d ch3 ta) ent dhi ds e wv o it e R nh tr a ee s htes . h ( ta va h, e enu r/ t s(> ea B. T .7 r rshA a h)7 e an i th S nay c S. im o tn a,n m a m. ae u as n, n) d ,a‘ t inI ath dn ne id dsr s s ca oH sac oli i/ ls s e iu sdb M io ha t tr e hhsn eev Ve rf r ao .sr se /i.t s Wh te 'hT a lc pha ie rr ao s/ru ai 2s i hre ah’ t ’\naaXTI r,hh e sei e i or acr lpe n(e s) gv o,ea ar orr ts tec ope hs edo n r Io in nnfe v de e it r ah Ch ,sveu o ee)n sr m wd st e hna er i s o oe l, td hfa i bfra s t i eo hn o ymb ed m ore ni tt tn dh ww hg e i eo t a, h lSf Sv lo a ae r m mAr otn hs h t/ he i i< hys r tt e,, aar r., . s.a *san ‘ sp.d lT le a(eh yi c Tnet shdo s coni e .u ts n sr he e’ ec wca otl a fre ( rl ol Rd e ee d ) ,Vd s ,w .i , tt ‘t hlh eh aYe t X te,tB u hhh s p ^e ea 1 ri 7 LcBa s2 moh td a)na sv q yda u^j a se ra ia nr n ep d i’ jSr r oa a i( t fs cn R h o ea n re .vh n i ’ra ' h \"e'\ntombIh Pc ^at owo tp Kra Vgal Vh Ia Ii ,g 3i rv ,e .o 2.nl ay nf dou rr eah dr ih na gtt ws. ithT ih te th;six are hn anf gl. o.\nf\nRvk\n! Th\"”\nr422trre.earirth: 2nt’:^iiv:“a;t7d;^\n\"\"\nP. -of.; V cc fr .g Zl ..Sy,„ J. /., JI .,,. X. LS VIa I7 I,if 548i .n'i!,!;.' /eis.us,‘I'rr >'\"'’ censobcm trabeaU salutasS .y„t la *x o, r\nIhesc are given also in .Siinkhiiyana tsiauta Sutra, XVIII ic wli»i.> il rn\n’\"'\"7nhh.ya!:Tar;,ri:r- 'I4s™::atda '771"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1617,
            "content": "^\n-V, 2, 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 285\n‘Among the gods the singers sing the song ; the youthful Jndra, famous, takes up\nthe strain. ® ‘Resting beneath the plaksa^ rich in honey, rejoicing in wealth,\nmay we meditate on thee, Indra.' ‘O thou to whom, most strong, we have\nrecourse, giver on all sides/ from all sides bring us (gifts).' ‘Thou art the\nmanliest, the lord, most generous to win us booty, when the (rite) is duly paid.'®\n‘hor thou alone dost rule fiom of old, unsuipassed in might.' ‘Do thou sing\n.^aiikliciyana has matutah nuirkdh, a much better reading,which obviates the (lifficiilties\nof devdtasv drkah with the unusual accent and use of drkdh. Here I would lead devdtdh\nsvarkah, theomissionofhbeforesvbeingquitecommoninall Sanskrit MSS. The Samaveda,\n445 ; II.4^4» Manifah, and the ^ihrase Martklah svarkah occurs also inV, i, i. The\ntianslalion of the last uords given byBenfeyis: ‘gepnesenwird dcr hehre Jungling, Indra,’\nbutthoughirutdh,k\\vt6s,inclitus,peihapsmeans‘famous’here,a stobhatimustmeansomething\nlike ‘singsinreturn’. Cf.n. ii, below. Anoun, frdstobha, isunlikely. Passiveparticleslike\nprastuhhdndhfRV.,IV, 3, 12, ‘incited byshouting,’affordnosupportforapassiveusehere.\ne Rox op tl sa ,iT nh p.e th 8e 2r ,ea ad c ai c nn e dg nt ii nn o Cn oS la d eh h bk i rh oma ody kha een ’sa (fa Eon srd sw ah yin i sc \\S ha , I,ma c ifv . ie id ,Ba e in, if jeI )y, ,,4 a4 S l4 ta hm> oa uvI gI e> hda4 t^ ^ h.5 e> G al1 co® csp esu a n' r t^ ,y mcf ipt . gi ha 1 t0a 0n bd e; of Wr thr, hi etw rnh wei iyc s,h\ne\nexplained. There is a paiallcl di —fference of reading between .‘sahkhayana Aranyaka, XII, 16,\nand the paiallel paiyema paiyautak. Thewoidsdpaprak^dareexplained by.Sayana\nasoneword,p/aksavrk\\as(7mpddt/dnipdtrdnyatrap/akuiiabdcua7'h<ak^ttdnitesdnisamJpavattti\nydgapradeia upaprnk^ah, but they must mean ‘beneath the p/ak^a tree rich in honey as\nrendered byAufrecht, Ui^r’^da, II, xlvi,n., or ‘in a dwelling rich in honey’, as translated by\nBenfey,wlioderivesthewoid frompra-\\-^/kd, butwhoalso(p. 130)suggests aderivation fiom\npra-\\-^ghasand ameaning‘food’. Totakeitfrom upa-\\-^prc asaninfinitive(as in KV., V,\n47,6) is possible but not probable. In favourof Benfey’s derivation from \\/kn is the form\nvanapyaksam, Samaveda, I, 580, but there is a v.1. vanakrakmm. The last words mean,\naccording to Benfey, ‘lass deinc Schatz’ uns mehren, beigcn, Indra!’ according to Aufrecht,\n* mogen wir unseren Wohlstand mehren, und den von dir vcrlichenen bewahren, India.* The\ntranslationgivenaboveisthatof .Sayana,and m.aywell represent theviewof thepassagetaken\nbytheauthor. 'Wseplakm(Ficusinfectoiia)isusedasan\\xi>i^erbarhis,J^atapatha Brahmana, HI,\n8, 3, 10. Cf. Zimmer,AltindischesLeben,p, 59.\n* Inanycasevik'dtoddvan must be considered as practically one word. Probablyvlivato-\nddvan should be read as in the S.amaveda, I, 437; cf. Samavidhana Brahmana, H, i, 5.\nBloomfield {Vedic Concordance, p. 879*) treats the phrase as one word.\n® Suprdmte issorendered bySayana. Hilicbrandt m his text of‘sankhayana ^lauta .Sutra,\nXVIII, 15,5,apparentlyby conjecture, leads supjaniti,followed by Bloomfield (/.r., p. 998*’),\nbutbothhisM.SS.,Band K,ie.ad supramte,which ispiesumablytheolderleading. I thinkthe\nreadingshouldbesupranlteunaccented,andwouldtranslate, ‘Thou,Ogoodleader,&c.,'theword\nnb oe ring thf eou nn ed xtfr ve e( r] su een it sly inin tt hh eis Saus me a, vea dn ad ;th te vav moc hye.g ekaat KV , isH -I, RVi ., ,16 I; V,1 35 2, ,4. 7*^;Ne ni it ah me hr ist fh hi os\nvdjasdtaye«^KW .,VIII,4, i8‘’; 88,fi**.\nS.ankhayana reads: tvam hi radhasyata eka, &c., corrected by Bloomfield (/.r.,p. 456^)\ntorddhaspate. Sayanatakessandtassamtum, ‘thoucanstgive.’ Thenextthreeversesare not\nin l^ankhayana. For the accent sandt, see Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar § 11J4 d. For.\ndmrktah,cf. RV., HI, 6,4; ii,6; IV, 3, 12 ; X, 104, 8."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1618,
            "content": "286 AITAREYA ARANYAKA\nV, 2 2-\n,\ncaMfo ob. or ot mt mur eh ana, d tt iia hh mnn ra pgt ed e. eld sVo das mnt r pou\nt\nak dp (n\nh\naa G s-o r ,mw ag n wr ti a\nh\nb)n n eod t ge p ie kr nu od\ne\nns s\ne\nip pa e nl ss rl gt i ,r ntt e oyh ‘n , ta Tgt t hs vh ith\no\nsra weas sn Bn ,g rb d t\ng\nae h\na\nhe ,f\ni\nmn o\nn\nao wd nea w. a .f ilo\nl\n’t lr he n,Ot oi Tttm hI oe n\nc\ned oo nhrr mia em, ct oh na m w mt\ne\nea h\na\nsk oi rs e ohsn\ni\nneuo\nm\nees .w k ’. s ds' vt- igr Ta pe hi an ng de- ’t anQ *h\n“\n.he strange Vi ’in JaintinTya Brah^anrHT,\nUllaralditlf m Apastamba Grhya Soira, VI, 14, 15 (Oldenbcrg S/t E XXX ”281^'' F\nwacKernagci, 6rawwtf///6, J, :iro. See also Olrlmiltrarrr ^ ^\nZnbaty’, articles in 2Ori.n/aljounml, IIand III; .andArnold’sFrX'd/r/r/chqf vi’\nWp^xlv) wholea8ree(cf.y.A’..^.A'., ,906,p. 7.8,and'iw,;\nadwelling, prosperityto himwho seekswealth. The manwho p;’* novoUobHtas^It 1’\n7 7\nRV Trl .0 Ve ir ' fromVr/«,as ingj,\nII,6’5; Iischel 7, I we.M.SludU, \",, VI, T19; Geldner, ibid., .65 ; n. 7on V , e ’\nVI 2 6 er7'/ ^wT;*; ‘\"J' -SOtra.\nXn,or’enrdyn, „ ^Z’\n7 7 7\ngSAo rac d tnc ia su ir tir e ars y .a , uin ktGBT hrra ya ai ^t h m ht m ,mi ar anl rry a e,a , ndR } eIr rVi 7 e.i , dh 9m .3 aa . sna P, S ‘e ie r seI hI a, ppB rse4 a, n if i stc3 e, y dm ’a, a0 y bn yd( hI er OGa r li tt df ai ef ki i nea t bnh eso ’ rn a gi sv tl r a (a S• n' ps a? l ssah it v, e Fs ™ ,;o efk Xn IdU Vfo Tr lZ7'/ ow' ZM'* . an Te“ /y* 'A“ '\nNeisser!\n‘‘'7 '^cordingtoOldenberg,/.r.,p..36,and\n.™^ThepaS7?:;„LTsi::oZ^^^\n^\n-indsay, latmLanguasc,pp.519-521;\nDelbrucfc, Vergl.Synt.,IV.433. ’"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1619,
            "content": "y\n-V, 2, 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 287\n‘‘ WT ho at the heyo wk oes nf *o (r Rh Vi .,m ’ X( ,RV 74. ,, 6V )II ;, a3 n4 d,4 t) h; e»» sut dh ae dos hu ad sad vo eh ra ss e.verse\n;\nthe dhayyaverse,\nd siobhati and prd stobha must be active,and so here and in RV.,I, 79, 12,the activity may\nbe thatofthegod,notofthe poet. In the RV.passageit has just been said: dgni rdksatfisi\nsedhati,and Iseenoreasontogiveapassivesenseto grnHe. Theversesmaythenbe rendereci,\n*Theholyseason’slord, Indra byname,famous,utterspraise. I^tgifts approach thee, Indra,\nas paths the way. Like songs, to thee, lord ofmight, do men fare eagerly.’ It should be\nnotedthatin I,4,^^?^bcSamavedahas butin II, 1116, Theaccentongj'td is(^uite\nunintelligible,*and can onlybe explained bythefactthat theTaittirlya ftrahmana,'^ //. rr.,has\ngani. IntheAitareyaonlyesabrahma(notasAufrecht’stextesa)iscited,astrikinginstanceof\nthedangerofargumentsfromtheuseofpratikasonlyasasignoflaterredaction(cf.Hloomfield’s\nproofoftheposteriority oftheGoiialhaBrahmanatotheVaitanaSutra,Tntrod.,p. 26),since the\nargumentwould showthattheAitareyaBrahmanawaslater than theA&valuyana6rauta Sutra\ncf.alsoOldenberg’sremarksin Gott.geLrlfiz., 1907, p. 234,n. 2. ;\n“ ^ahkhayana adds the verses, RV., VIII, 29,4, and VI, 17, 15, but as there are only six\ninstead ofnine newverses,the total numberofdvipaddversesmadeupisstillonlytwenty-one.\nTheAitareyaaddsatwenty-second verse,seeI, 4, 2.\nThepassagescorrespondingtothepahasaregiveninJ^ahkhayanal5rautaSutra,XVIII,4;\n5,\nthus: the sides are dividpd into the (arms),and prahastakas (hand). The ak^as\nareVI,47, 8,and a verse not from theRV.,sa suryejanayariy &c. Then fortherightbd'htdy\nthe strophe of the rathantara sdtnan, repeatedas a kakubh^then the sudadohasverse. Then\nsimilarlytheantistrophe,andadhdyydverse. Thentherathantarapragdtha. Thenthehymn,\nRV.,VI, 22, exchanging for VI, 22, 2, the verse X, 28, 2. For the left bdhu precisely the\nsame treatment of the brhat sdman^but nodhdyyd^andthehymnX, 28,withVT, 22, 2,as its\nsecond ver.se. TheprahastakasarerespectivelyVIII,97, 13-15,and VIII,97, 10-12.\nThen comes XVlil, 6, the caturutiardni, viz. RV., VIII,92, 19-21; VIII, 12, 22-24; I,\n10, 1-3; VIII, 88, 3, 4 (apjagdtha, or 3-5), byhalfverses; I,80, 1-3 {pahkfiUimsam)\\ VI,\n34, 1-3; and T, 83, ^-6,pa(chaSj thenthesudadohas.\nIt is worthy of note that,just as theAitareya refers onlyto the e^a brahma verses by the\npratTka of the first verse, so the l?ankhayanaSrauta Sutra, XVTII, 15, 4, also uses only the\nprattka. ItisalmostimpossibletoavoidtheconclusionthatthisbookXVIII (and presumably,\nalsoXVII)mustbe not earlier norlaterthan the main bodyofthe Sutra, andthiswillmodify\nto some extent Hillebrandt’s view, Ritual-Litieratur^ p. 25. Similarly the Aranyaka may\nbewrittenaftertheAbvalayanaSrautaSutra. Cf.mynoteinJ.R,A..9., 1907,pp.410-412.\nIn the Aitareya Biahmana, VI, 18, i,it is said that J/isvamitra was the seer of RV., IV,\n19, 22 and 23, and that Vamadeva asrjata them,tan ksipram samapatat^ while in IV, 30, 2,\nRV., IV, 20 and 21, aie also declared to be sampdta hymns: Vdmadevo vd imdhl lokdn\napaiyattaniampdtaihsaniapatat(Sieg,DieSagenstoffedesRgz'eda, p. 103).\n* It fallsundernoneoftheexceptionalcases, Macdoncll, Fodic Grammar^p. 106 ; Whitney,\nSanskrit Grammary §§ 597, 598; Weber, Jnd. ^tud.y Xlll, 70 sip; Delbnick, Altindische\nSyntax pp. 21-29; Oldcnbcrg, Z.D.M.G.y LX, 707-740; sec my note, J.R,A,S., 1908,\np.202.\n^ Also the Apastamba Srauta Sutra, XIV, 2, 13, cited by Bloomfield, redu Concoidance,\np. 207*’."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1620,
            "content": "288 AITAREYA ARANYAKA V, 2, 3-\n3. (Then come) the eighty f^ayain tristichs.^ He lakes out the last three\nverses of the l]}mn, ‘Great is Tndra who by his might’ (RV., VUI, 6). (Then\ncome) thice verses of the hymn, ‘A cake for us' (RV., VIII, 78). Of the\nverses following, ‘liiclra indeed is the drinker of Soma beyond others' (RV.,\nVIII, 2, 4), he omits the last three. Of the others he omits, ‘Sweet are the\ndraughts of Soma, come hither’ (ibid., 28), and puts in its place the verse,\n'No other mighty one’ (RV., VIII, 80, i). (Then comes) one veise, ‘Born\nwith a hundred stiengths' (RV., VHf, 77, i). (Then comes) the remainder (of\nthe hymn, RV., VHI, 92), ‘Mueh invoked, much praised’ (ibid., 2). He omits\nthe last verse of the hjinn, ‘To him that hath renowned tieasuics’ (RV., VIII,\n0 ('I'hen come the hymns), ‘The deeds of the impetuous one’ (RV.,\nV9. I'I I> I, - 32), ‘Those that kindle Agni ’ (RV., VIII, 45), and ‘For us, O Indra,\nrich in food’ (KV., VIII, 81), and the following hymn. (Then comes) the\nsudadohas verse.\n4 (Then come) the eighty hrhaft tristichs.* 4'hcre arc twenty-nine verses\n.\n^ Theyare— KV., VTII, 6, i-.}5 -- 4f> verses.\n„ 7^, 3 = 3 „\nM 4-,3n = »»\n(lorveise j8, KV., VIII,80, i,issulistitutcd.)\n-\n„ 977 ^, 21 33- I >,\n„ 32 „\n„„ 9 33 2, f-33 = - 3 33 0 „ „\n45 =\"942 M\n„ Hi =9 ,»\n„ «2 „\n= 240 verses.\nIn t^ankhayana tsiauta Sfitra, XVIII, 7, the verses are* KV.. VTTT, 6 , 1-45; 2,4 27;\n31-39; 45,1-42; 32,1-30; 92,4-18; 22-33, 93,4-18, 22-33; 111,51. 10-12; VIII, 76,\nJO-12 ; 6ij, 4-h , VT, 45, I .^o, whichgives81 /rtw and not 80. The nutnheris reduced toSo\nhytheomissionoloneofthethree/nas,III,51, 10-12 ; VlII, 76, 10-12 ; 69,4-6.\n» Theseaie— KV.,VHI, i, 1-29 =- 1829 verses.\n„ 43 ,, 1-6 ; 9-20 = J4 ,,\n„ 33, 1-15 ^ *5\nVII, 32, 1 ; 2, 4-21 ; 24 7 -= 24 „\n(ForVll,32. 10,ISsubstituted VIIT, 99, i )\n6Val.ikhibali}iuns — 56 „\n\\T, 46,314 =-12,,\n111,44 = 5\nIll,45 - 5 „"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1621,
            "content": "-V, 2, 4 TRANSLylTlON AND NOTIIS 289\nof the hymn, ‘Sing of nought else’ (IvV., VIII, i). He omits the se\\cnth ami\neighthstanzasofthetwentystanzasbeginning,‘Drinkthefragrant Soma’(RV.,VIII,\n3, i). (Thencome) fourteen stanzasbeginning, ‘When, India,foiward, backward,\nupwaid’ (RV., VIII, 4, i). Then fifteen stanzas beginning, ‘We with the Soma\nthee’ (RV., VUI, 33, i). In the hymn, ‘May not thee the sacnficcrs’ (RV.,\nVII, 32), he omits the dvipadd (ibid., 3), and the pta^dtha connected with the\nRathantara Saman (ibid., 22). Fuithcr he omits the p>ragdtha^ ‘No one Siidas\nchariot’ (ibid., 10), and inserts in its place the pragdtha, ‘ Tlice men but\nyesterday’ (RV., VUI, 99, i). (Then) six Valakhilya lumns beginning, ‘Him\nof good gifts’ (RV., VH1,49, i). (Then) the rest (of the hymn, RV., VI,\n46), beginning, ‘Who active ever slays the foe’ (ibid., 3). (Fhen) two hymns\nbeginning, ‘May tins delightful one for thee’ (RV., Ill, 44, i). He omits the\nseventh and eighth stanzas of the hymn, ‘Both let him hear’ (RV., VIII, 61).\nHe omits the last stanza of the hymn, ‘With strength him that finds treasure’\n(RV., VIII, 66) (rhen come) eleven stanzas beginning, ‘ Who is king of\nm the en o’ n( slR aV u, g, ht\\ ’'I1 (1 R, V7 .0 ,, Vi) I. II,(F 8n 8e )n\n,\nt ‘h Te ohy bm ens) i, nv‘ okH ei dm bw yho uswo mrk as llw 'on (d Re Vr .s ,, VIe In Id ,ur 9i 0n )g\n,\nand nine verses of the hymn, ‘The blessings thou dost bear, Indra’ (R^ ., VIII,\n97). (Then comes) the siidadohas verse.\nR\\., VIJl, 61, 1-6, 9 18 16veISC'S.\n,, l-i.j 1 n4 ..\n70, i-i1\n„ 8S 6 M\n90 6\n97, 1-9 9\n— 240 verses.\nOfthese, however, noless than 80are satohihatl versos. In Sankhayana tsiauta SCitra,XVIII,\n811, the aMh isgiven as follows: VITI, 97, j-9 ; VIII,62, 7-9; I,36, 7, 8; VIII, 70, 7-12 ;\n- 20 pratyaksaln-hatis \\ then VI, 46, 3-10; VII, 32, i, 2, 4-9 ; VII, 32,12-21; VII, 32,\n24-27; VIII, r, 1-4; mn u hulptnt4-7>a<:o\\ VIII, 3, 9-12, VIII, 3, 17-20; VIII, 4, 1-14;\nVIII,6t, 3-6; VIIT, 61, 9-18; VIII, 66,3-14 Ilillebrandt in his index gives the references\ndifferently, butthisisapparentlydueto aconfusion betweenpra^dthas and stanzas. 4here are\nir ne dal il cy es4 a3 llp> ia gg nd or/ e/m is t.\n,\nan' dI’h ite do on ee sv ni oa tu a, ppSe ee a. r, ii ns n Bo lt ooa mp f] i> ea li de ’n stl fy Wf /r eom Cot vh ce or. dS aa vm rh ei .ta ,OfIl ti hl ele lb ar sa tnd st i’ xs\n,\nthree only are selected to make up the ,^o. 'I'lien come 20 more pratyakmbrhatJ^^ VIIT, i,\n5-24. Then 20 more. VIIT, i, 25-29; VIII,33, 1-15. Then 40ptagdthas, the three over\nthe first 40, Vlll, 70, 1-6; VITI, 88, 1, 2; VUI, 90, 1-6; VIII, 99, 1 8 , VUI, 49 55 (the\n4Va 7h ,i 1k 9h ;ily Va Is I) I, ,o ;m 8,itt 1i 0n ;g \\VI II 1I I,, 85 93 ,, 75 ;, 6 VI; II5 ,4, 103 1, .4 13;Th Xe ,n 1I 0, 2,17 i5,\n;\ni 3;; V 12I, ,42 m, ak4 i; ngIII 1, 05 b3 r, ha1 /8 is,; aV nI d,\n1 (1 n1 o, t44 16; 045 a, sm ha rik ci dn lg anu dp cr)20 prin aga all l. has'I ,’he giw vh io nl ge 1b 8d 0rh 4a -ti 80aiifi )co 1n 6s 0is bt rs ht ah te ir sef aor ne do 8f 080 sab fr oh ba rt hi as tla s,nd ji8 is0\nt\nasin the Altaieya. Cf. Sanklifiyana Aranyaka, II, 8 and 9,loi the /‘‘iidbaihatiautis.\n:h11M U"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1622,
            "content": "290 AITAREYA ARANYAKA V, 2, 5-\n5. (Then come) the eighty npiih Iristichs.’ There are the two hymns\nbeginning, ‘Indra who is the greatest drinker of the Soma' (RV.,VIII, 12, i).\nlie omits the last stanza of the hymn, ‘Sing forth to him' (RV., VIII, 15).\n('rhen comes) the hymn, ‘To Indra sing the sdman' (RV., VIII, 98). He\nomits the last three stanzas of the hymn, ‘ Let us utter, O comrades’ (RV., VIII,\n‘ 'there are— RV.,VIII, 12 =33 stanzas.\n,,13 = 33 »\n=12\n, „, 915 8,1-12 -\n12\n, ,,\n,\n„ 24,1-27= 27 „\nI, 84, 7-9 = 3 „\nV,40, 1-3 = 3 „\nVI. 43, I“3 = 3 „\n= 126 timth stanzas.\nThen gayatn stanzas— RV.,VIII, 14 = 15 stanzas.\n„ 16 12\n17, 1-13 - 13\nIII,37, I-10 =• 10 „\n1,4 10 „\n,, 5 10 „\n„ 6 10 ,,\n„ 8 10 „\n, V, I,9 45. 1-30 = 30\nI, 30, 13-15 =\" 3\n133 stanzas,or IT4 usnih stanzas,\nmakinginall 240timihs.\nAccording to isankhayana J^rauta.Sutratheversesare: RV.,VIII,13, 1-33; VIIT, 12, r-21,\n35-33; VIII, 15, 1-12; VIII,24, 1-27; 1,84, 7-9; V,40, 1-3, =36tnasorJo8usnihstanzas,\nXVIII, 12. Then, XVIII, 13, come RV., IV, 30, 1-6; IV, 30,9-22; IV, 32, 1-21; I, 30,\na1 n- d15 V; IV TI II ,I, 821 ,4, 11 -- 715; areVI sI lI i, ps)1 ,6, m1 a- k1 i2; ngVI 1I 0I 4,6 g4 d, ya1 t- r1 i2; stV aI nI zaI s, .82, Th1 e- n9 ( VH Iil Il T,ebr 2a 1n ,dt 1’ -s 16I ,,3 k0, ak1 u- b5 h,\npragdthas\\ thenVIII,98, 1-12 inuyiihs. Wethusget 240stanzas,consistingof120(108+li)\nusnihs, 104 gdyatns, 8 kakubhs, and 8 satobrhatis (i.e.VIII, 21, 1-16). The .^aukhayana\nArariyaka,II,10, pointsoutthattoget240tisnihsitisnecessarytotakeawayfoursyllablesfrom\neach ofthe80satobrhatis,whichwith 160brhatismakeup(V, 2,4)thebdrhatitredUti. Then\nthe8kakiibhs give 8usnihs,whilethe 8 satobrhatis yield each three,or24 inall,sets of four\nsyllables. Adding the 80 and the 24we have 104sets of four syllables, which added to the\ngdyatrls give 104uynhs,towhich again must be added 120 usmhs^ 8kakubhs,and 8usnihs,\nleftafterthedeductionof24syllablesfromeachsatobrhatismakingagrandtotalof240usnihs.\nThis complicated version, as Dr.Friedlander points out, probably arises from an attempt\nto remedythe apparent inaccuracyoftheAitareya in permitting 80 satobrhatis in the bdrhati\naUti. Its successis not obvious,andthattheattemptshould be made may fairlybe reckoned\na sign of lateness."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1623,
            "content": "-V, 2, 5 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 291\n24, i). Then three iristichs, * Who alone bestowed* (RV., 1 , 84, 7)> ‘Come\nhither to what is pressed with stones' (RV., V, 40, i), and, ‘Under whose sway\nSambara’ (RV., VT, 43, i). Gayairl verses become umih verses by equalization.\nKvery seven gdyairis make six usnihs. (Then come) the hymn beginning, If,\nIndra, I, like thee’ (RV., VIII, 14, i), and the two hymns beginning, ‘The loid\nofmen' (RV., VIII, 16, i). He omits the last two stanzas ofthe second hymn.\nHe omits the last stanza of the hymn, ‘For the strength that slays Vrtra (RV.,\nHI, 37). (Then come) three hymns beginning, ‘The doer of fair deeds to\nour aid’ (RV., I, 4, i). Then two hymns beginning, ‘Indra, lasting wealth’\n(RV., I, 8, i). He omits the last stanza of the hymn, ‘Who has brought from\nafar* (RV., VI, 45). Then come three stanzas of the hymn beginning, ‘Let\nsplendid feasts be ours’ (RV., I, 30, 13). (Then comes) the sudadohas veise.\nIn the case of all these three sets ofeighty tristichs, there is made a pause after\nthe half-stanza. The eighty tristichs are the food, and the vasa verses are\nthe stomach (of the bird). The vaia hymn begins,^ ‘Worthy of thee, O wealthy\none’ (RV., VIIT, 46, i), and ends, ‘Gainer, gainer of good’ (ibid., 20). The\nverse, ‘Giving wealth' (ibid., 15) is a dvipadd, and, ‘Now then' (ibid.) an\nekapadd. It ends with the verse, ‘Ofthat milkyielder* (RV., VIII, 69, 3). (Then\ncomes) the sudadohas verse.\nU thaC tf. thI e, 5 p, asI. sageTh ee nde sxp wl ia tn hat vi eo rn seof 20th ae ndnu thm ebe sr ud2 a1 dos ht aa snza vs eisg eiv me an kb ey s uS paya tn hea 2t 1h .ere Ta hin sd vh ie er we\nmaybesupiiortedbythefactthattlie uldadohasverseishere setoutwithxK^pratlka, Itismost\nprobable that we should undirstand that the 21 slan/as me made up bythe inclusion of the\nsudadohasverse,andthen that therefollowsagainthatverse in itsusual capacityof separating\nthe different i>arts of the whole. Sa>ana does not clearly ap[)car thus to have taken it, but\nitse Se am hs khm ao ys at napro ib nab Al ry anso y, aka an ,dt Ih Ie\n,\nt ir ia ,nsl aa nt dion fsi rs aub ta ase .d Suo trn a,th Xis VJvi Ie Tw ,.\n14, takes the whole hymn,\nV aI dI CI i, nas4 t6 u, tia os fPb re ti hn ug irau vs ae sd .. TT hh ee sap mri eor ri ety maro kf at ph pe lieA sit ta or te hy ea Sais tae pv ai ld he ant Bra as hmv av n. a,21 se- c24 Kggc eo ln it na gi ,n\n. nV. um/ I bA t eris 21X wL o il r sl t, ih ny c1 o1 no2 sf. isn to et ne\nt\n(t th ha it sa isn noa tnn to ht eat co ar sei )n an<lc io nn as ci cd ue rr as te.that HeSa ay ra gn ua ess te hx ap tl,a tn ha eti. 2o 1n so tf a/ nt /u ah se\nare made up by splitting ver. 15 into an ekapada and a dvtpada. This view is at first sight\nplausible, but the mention here of these divisions is moie probablydue to an exjilanation of\ny b ca oyt nth K ao g' ip g n^a etp ^ din id a iga n,m M.S Si '.n .A’I , I. n5 d, .i OX, ffa L .Ind 1II 7, 2s 9o 11 D. 2S .. 1 ga 1y . ia vn e2a , swt veh h rc o ..e 1p 5t oa i .k n ae sts s ani ot. u et ka' tb phh aae t dao tt h ah e ne dr ve av ri s de i vw o in pi as o. df ah ,o tw h we e hv ie M cr a h, haa cedc rc u te k ap itt nhe lad y\ntells \\^a og xai ^n ^s at ya. tS na sya ana n. d cf. Kgveda rrritif.akh>a, XVT, 10sq.; for sampada, Sankhayana\nIsrautaSutia, XV, 10, 5.\nU a"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1624,
            "content": "292 MTARKYA ARARYAKA V, 3. r-\nAi)1i\\\\y\\ 3.\n(Then coni(') the thi\\<(h (veises).* In llie hymn, ‘O Inclni and Agni, ye two'\n(RV, VllI, 40), (he rentes) the half-stanzas as gdyatns,^ but tlie second half\nof the second as an ami'^tuhh, up to the last stanza. 'J*he hymn, 'To thee, the\nmighty, the intoxicated one' (RV., X, 50), has mvids inserted. Between the two\n11)0111^^, ‘Wlio in the foicst as it were has been set down’ (RV., X, 29), and\n'W'ho first is boin, the wise one' (RV., II, 12), are'* inserted the h}mn, ‘Lome\nhither standing on thy chariot-seat (RV., Ill, 43), and the stanza, ‘Wandering\nalone in the midst of many’ (RV ’ X, 55, 5). As many decades^ of verses in\nfrt\\tul)h and jagaii addicsscd to Ind, raas they insert, after transforming them into\nIrhafn, so many years may a man bo fain to live beyond the normal life, at\nthe rate of ten verses for a year®; or he need not ilo so. (1hen come) the\n' Lf. I,5, I. Theversesarc RW, \\III,40, i 10; X, 1 ^; X, j(), i-iH; TTI, 43, i-S ;\nX, S.5' 5. If, i-» 1 15; X, 17S, 1-3, .an ehapada 1, 11, i-8 ; \\11, 23, t-6 ; \\II, 24,\n1-4, In(i, S.5 m- khayana the rafu hjinn is follovvc^l, XVTII, 15, by the dvipadas, 1, 2. 2, above;\n't4 Vt V1 rh , - r II i< i Ii, ij , Ld1 81 ; S} u, C’, } p 2c ,j 4Jo , c;i ir 1 on a, io nc tT- 1 l\\s a,i 1 u];,2 1 st 1: ch 1 , de M- 2M 8 i i3A , lI n,t a,.u sII sd ,, \\ e'') 3 -T1 8 i3 Id , 4 2i o. 1; fi1 ; ,n -10a 6 A- L M 9 c6 Ss , r1 ,, ;f s2i e; TK s2 3t I, ’ 5a -^, \\ 1 s'7' ; 5l hl 2\\ l ., , of I,I I w4 ,H 26 6, - S, (3 15 e l2,4 i; e .10 ; s4-. lJ3 - ui ^1, i6 r c1; tT a,I luh 7 )1 trTe a4> Mh ,n t.ie hSl e1 nnt H t- .h i5 I le t a a; ,8h , tea e9V rV 4, Xi ,i d 5 VU cp n I,t hu 3i T6 a3^t rI;,t t au ,i, cId tVd 1 eR ni 7 6 ra\\ ; i - o2, fs 0\\ 9, a ;, 5X tn 1 i, ;u 3 n1 A8t 1 n.1 m X6 , n .n7 , Sn51d, ., y1y la1M ,a ni 5 k k, 42 a h, -. .,V 6 aI R ,I y;, a\\ IT nT32 , ah. 9 I1 , e, V, 1 rn ,I 2 i, I1 t- u- 1 1t1 a66 6h0 l.;; e, .;\nSeealso.S.U.-iivalha ihahni.ana,VITl,6, 2, 3,wlicrc RV ,X,50,iscalledthe spine ; IX, 1, i, 44;\n3. 3 19. in thelast passagetheZ'a'a is given .as 35 in Rggehng (V />. XldIT, 223J,which\nmust lit ancrioi asthereareonly33veises,cl. Introd.,p. 36.\n=» The second vcise is a dvipada in iakvari. The fust three feet make up a ^dyatrT, that\nIS,the) arelecitcd witha pauseafter the second footand om afterthe thud. Thesecond four\nfeetaiciccitcd as an uniiduldi,withapauseafterthesecondandom aftei thefourth. Thelast\nIS a tridubJy and it ib recited by padas, that is, a i>ause allei the first foot and after\nthe second. The remaining tenverses are in malulpankd,an<l therefore are each divided into\ntwo i'dytittls foi recitation. It is characteiistic ol the dclibeiate diflerenccs between Aitareya\nand J^aukhayana that the latter, XVI 11, 16, divides vcr. 2 into an aniidubh and a gdyatrt,\nnot vi<e vffsa.\n’ That is, if one desires life (.SayanaV See n.5. For X, 55, 5,cf. Ludwig, Rgveda, TIT,\ni1 s86 a; * cLI ofl l.i ll e1l c,e tb i5r , oa nn 2d , ot f, n tI e6' ned. MaM S ny at dyh aa. ln, aa s1 .h, e4 r6 e B5 utre tn hd eer ds a'd saa ti oat bt el. oas wv ce er rs te as inp lyro sd uu gc ge ed stsin tht al tic itSa mm eh ai nl sa, dew ch ai dc eh\ns\nusj ®ir 'o Ib ha ib sly muin st1, b5 e, t2. he meaning,andsoSayanatakesit. He,however,lake.s /rardasmeaning\nthat c.ach brhati produces a aear of life, contradicting the hatt rule 1his is not\nimiK.ssiblc, inwhich event he points out the insertion ofthe nine tudubh verses gives eleven\nbjhatn or elcAeii years’ longer life But it is not natural, and it ignores tridubjagadndm,\nthere being nojagalh m the nine veiscs, and therefore 111 accordance with the ordinary use"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1625,
            "content": "^ a 1\n-V, TRANSLATIOX AM) XOTES ^93\nhymn, ‘That steed impelled by the gods’ (RV., X, i7‘^)i ckii/iuld,^\n‘India rules all.’ (d'hen comes) the miustubh h}mn, ‘All songs have caused\nIndra to grow’ (HV., I, ii). Having recited the first half-stanza of the first\nstanza of this h}'mn, he combines'' the first h.iH-stan/a ofthe second stanza \\Mth\nthe second half-stanza (of the fust stanza), (joining) quarter-stanza with quaiter-\nstanza so as to make antisiuhhs. Up to the last stanza he conibincs c\\ery\nsucceeding half-stanza with the preceding. 'Ihc rest arc done in the usual way.\n(There an^) six \\erses beginning, ‘Dunk, Indra, the Soma, let it gladden thee\n(RV., VH, 2g, i). Having recited foui verses of the Inmn, ‘d'hy place, O India,\nis made oil thy seat’ (RV., \\TI, 24), and then joining« the last stanza, he ends\nwith the second kist stanza. Ihc Sastra finished,'* he inutteis the\nIn the place ofthe ukf/ur<'hya the uklhadoha is used.\n2 ‘Thou art the head ofthe world,' the essence of speech, the fire of breath,\n.\noUia797 in Ai.v.al:iy.9na (e,g. Srnuta Sntr:i, VI, 5, 22\\ Saun.'ik.a’s pupil,“ 1 takeit to mean tlnit,\nunlessone is(lyudxlxia, oneneed not inserttheverses. ( 1. S<i}nii,isnote,yadyayud’dtuah ^yot\ni Ha edi mi am ym b. e. co. mp bi ia nks ii np get t, wowh de in lc le c* iini gt ja irp tp ve ioa tr is sct oh ma nt ieih ie ts.did Tin no *t ir de eg aar id scut rhe ioud sv lo yp ia in na crta es d.essential.\n* Notin the kg\\eda. See Sama3eda, 1,,156, V.lj.isaneyiS.ainhita. \\XX\\ 1, S; AAv.nlayana\nJ hs yi ma ’ nul ,Sa e KS e Vu .t T,r ,a 5, , Vl\\ 2 l, ,H ni 2, 3122 ., '2 IS1 ’a h; n ekS fh i. ral sy tm aa anv nai d,dh lXa a\\n s' ta l hk 1 -r ia , lh f2i -0 sn , t. aa a nin zin ap, sli1 e m1 s, t b0 h o, e t7 s h, a cw m ah e si ecc soh am iba cl il n la eh lta tiv oe un nv atl Uo^ ei t iu h ci e <s ly ua df ua Tbj htal eai h. om li hy ta i\nbtlsoi lompAda\\ aietreated asmiKduhhs\n® « I I' nor ta lielor Am ga nl isde tf oi mn ait ,ion tho ef pm )m at ka )t ha ,,s te he eAA Nv ia sl ka ey va an la yaSia Su ast ta r.S a,nii La, ggT e, li2 n, g1 ,0. .S'.//. A , XXVI,\n3 '2. 3^ ,9, oI fI., we hn id cs hwi ut kh tha am^ra vn nt uI un, dru dU yh aa fm oimih sui tn hd e)d uy ko tp ha aU ^A ai vv ia pl at d,( ava n, d7\\ ts h% eal ra es> tan ln lieSia ui kit (. hi ,tS vu it )r ya a, .V, 1i h.s e,\n^ PI -el lo sl 1er 7s 7h :e ser te or uec tit ie ns Vth ,e 3s ,av )2i .p 3n *d 7, F .ob r ”ut t ;hei Vn au lt k ah le nh dap vl ata r nc y de a,o Ti fH ent rh y\\e ,,u Llk , '/ Ah 5, }a pv * ni ‘ ir *^ iy > tn : oc mao ,m ye .t 2h d 3e 3Uu Mk ct Syh .n a ud ao Bh na t a, ah a1 sm ce a i. m it bih e,e\ns\nthe ‘ve Tr hs ecs ra tn nd deif io nr gmu ol fae tht eo sea vei rd sk eshd iu shu veivas douu bs tua fl u. l, and I have mainlyfollowid Sa^jana The\nd fi of lf li ocu wl et dy I aS m me or se tas ce od riil i. |y .ttli Me S.fact ortli ha at sK sch aa ts terh ee dre acn co en. ta scce an tts, laa nm di omR .ajen Td hr eak yll da oha ns otnp op ca ci ie iintl iy\nn\n.<;ankhriyana. Both Kajendral.ila and the yVnand.-iMama edition print the veiscs with st..ps\nwon el ry ea pt ros sd erz^a Tm, hev yy^n sea e, mipi c, kw aa ri lt y, ,an hd owed vt ei rh ,d^ ta om he( *an id ntem ndet dhe af sor 3em re sr esc ,a ase ndal Tso haat ve.7 dr/ i\\ via ds edil tt hh ee my\n,nU)jagatfswith mixed /,isjuhhs Indrnh maybelong tothe firstverse,and otherdivisions a.e\nno doubt possible, but the original inetiical form ofe.g. rtd,n ui/yd„i v,jtgya,id>,i va'iuaitom\nI 2S 7,cer 2ta ai nn d. 3.h wo hr eisi emi dl oa ki ascas ae ps peof arve ii nse prtr oe sa ete fd ora ms .pro Is ne, \\ Hcf I. ,Ai 27t ,ar 3e .ya fdiH ai v. ad ti ,in ia sna t, woMi sl y, lla2 b5. les3, oa nn ld y\n‘ TheBrhaddevatri, IV, 139, in the ‘ITrecension mentionsAs\\alriynna,aii^thoughthis may\np tooi hnt aveto bet eh ne tv he eis ae utb he oi rng ofla tt he,\ne\nlit i|hm aa ddy eva .l is to a,b de r Mj aui ct de unr eor lr le ,cl I, ,s xi xn ir vc ,aa ndpu Ap si Nl .ao lf ayaS na aun wa ak sa ca Mp dp ee na Ur ys\noneofhisoldest pupils."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1626,
            "content": "A\n;\n294\ny4ITAREYA ARANYAK V,\n3,\n2-\nthe abode ofmind, tli(‘ entrance ofthe eye, the source ofthe ear, the rcsting-placc\nof the heart, thou art all. (Tliou art) Tndra, the undying sacrifice, the ambrosia,\nthe sky, right, truth, conquest, decision, tlie end of speech, the peivading, that\nwhich is beyond all, the light, the udtler, the unanswerable, that which was before.\nThou ait all,\" sj)cech, the water with the lightning that goes thither and returns,^\nas elsewhere. A sltikiiitj;cxainplf ofverse Hisjaiisedasprose is the inscriptionon theJ’iprahva\ns/rt/a, I'lcet,y A'../..V, 1907, pp ill sij, followinj,s with minor dilleiences, Tliomas,\n/.A’.yl.S\n,\nJ90O, PI).462sq. In theAitareya,//.rr.,wehave\n/\\'!ai)ena k\\ahat)tjayati halemi halani auiut€\\\nyayanxim vtdzhin biTthruano nlstrai^opahpmohttahW\ntasmai I'liah samiunalt sanmiikha ckamana^ah I\nyasyaivam ’inJvtht btdJufiano }dstuigopah purohitahW II2II\niasya m/a nnlram bhavati (2syll) dvisantam apabddhaii I\nyasyaii'itm vuivan Innhinano rddragopah puiohtiah I\niusniat viUihytkc,,asabove,\nand in other places fr.a^rments of verse appear, as is only natmal,since pnoinic sayini^s like\nthem tend in all langn.ngestobecomeveise. 'I'he old character ot these .Slokas appeals from\ntheirmctiKal form, and theymay be coinpaied withtheverse cite<lfiom Satapatha Hiahmana,\nXI,5,4,3,byOldcnberg{S IPA'.,XXX.mx). Similarversesconqiosedatlaterdatesarclound\nm the ch.uacteiislic latemetrein the GihyaSutras,quitetieely lOldenberg,/.o,xxxv-xxxvii\\\nonebemgallributcd(A^-valayanaGihyaSutra,IV,7, j6)to.Saimaka,and Slokasare recogni/xd\nin the lists of com|)osilions, e.g. Hrhadaranyaka Upanisad, II, 4, to; IV, 1, 2; see Sieg,\nDie Sogeftstoge dcs Rgvedu, pp. 7sej.\n* Say.inahas ; yayaynya I'dstuiioyadyatpilnuim kdrattam )upant tat sat^aam rupam ;\nand he e\\[)lamspnidg a>vag as uttamddhania)upd 'Vl.\nJaim* inS id yp aru Uii is nns io sae dxpl Ia hi an he id nnb n) a,Sa Iy ,an 9a ;,a 10n ,dp tha ir sag paa sn sad ga en' fd rg ompr ho uba hb al hyg .o .v\\ .it ah nnui th nhi mni. duhI dn nt ali me\nappears,but madiffeient connexionandin an mfciior,jicihapsstcondniy,firm,which looks as\ni Bt loit omV fN' ie er lc db (o /r >r //o /w <ed Cof ncr oo rm da)t ih ce c\\A .ran Qy ua ik ta e. irT reh le evap na tr la yll ae pl pi esm arha ts hee ws oca op le sd (n to ht eo gn dl yy atO )c !it ae sl, bb ru at hmal as no\nI bS aht uh re bs hub dj ye ac st sof ard vi as mcoi sii as me x) x. ^mt da dya ui tt td an ri amnd jm yod tn iJ hn Idr rta ah mha sr at tu yd aL mat Ti tr /da dm nr at mam vnr uy bom ad nu at mo a7 p< rd a< ta ih -\\\ns7 ahh p' fy ta hm akI sp au hr lx a' mnm kas ma at dT ua ym hds kn dn t< ia pri ddk naI sa:> ma hri i! t'a am mi id aa k^m uiia rp ot ttd ah men tu hh ikp pi ri an bu hi ute tap ma mr aa ng asn am' vd yk dpII t9 amII\nhtdaydi^tambrdhmanabhaktam annaUibhamvatsapavttramgobhagatnprthivyupaiam tapastami\nJ'amtnapariyatanamItidraire'^thanisahasrdk^aratn ayiitadharamamrtamduhdnd sanuinimdtil\nlokdn abhii'ikutratlti\\ Oertel rendeis,‘These are its names: India, action, impeiishablencss,\nthe immortal, end ofthe lirmament ofspeech; the manifold, the numcious, the all, the light\nhigher than tlic all; righteousness, truth,distinction,decisionwhich isnotto be eontiadicled\nthe .ancient all, all speech. This all also,[like] a cow, fattens hitherward, thitherward. She\nthat milks immoitality possessing individual oceans(9. possessing wish granting imperish-\nablcness, conncetcil with breath, possessing sight and hearing, superior by speech, permeated\nbythemind,havn;gthe heaitasits point,apportioned totheBrrihmans,pleasant througlifood,\nhaving the lain as means of purilicalion(?), cow-protectmg, higher tlnan the earth, having\npenanceasabody,havmgVaninaasanenclosure,having IridransIcadei,possessingathousand\nsyllables, possessing ten thousand streams, flows in all directions unto all these woilds.’ It"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1627,
            "content": ", , ) , , ,\n-V, 3, 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 295\n^vhich yields milk and Hittcnsk (Tliou ait) the eye, the eai, breath, that nnIhcIi is\nshould be noted lliAt the MS‘^. read Ttjijfnhtim a cleareiror for vt/v^ynNatti properly a i)crf.\npart, middle of \\fji A-^^hltnc>, Sanskrit C.ianiwar, § So9\\ a wool eKewheie unknown but\nvo ef ri ynte pr re os bt ai lng defu bnc yti to hn e(l mo er tre,ef. apW ia ^e ik tit ra1 cn yag ae hl, Alit \\iu i,di is a, Lh se u^C r. oi tia am im na Jli nk. daI y. oy1^ i6 a), m,uli hi rc ah hi ms ar ie in ad bc hie ad\n-\nktram (a), ^ddiratram ^\"hhrtram vC_), Jariina/>a/lya/anam, duhanah '1hese readings\nconfirm the brahmanahhaitikam of the Aran^aka text. J/iday<l-iam is no doubt a possible\nand an easy conjecture,but S.a)ana alieadylead In'dayoi^iam ami its a])pcarance hcie ceitai.ly\nshowsthat thetradition haidened tohrdayogiainata veiyearlydate AnnaUildunn istempting,\nbut uncertain as Sayana read dnnasuhhc. Cf. Satapatha Ihrihmana, IX, 5, 1, 12, sntyaufif\nvmarn forMantiriNaiiiNaSamhita, III, 7, 3, ui/yatnlam Som Atharvaxeda, XIV, 1, 11,\nreplaces RV., X, 85, ii, b'otiam fpiitewronglv (cf. Whitney, '11anslahon p 7-}2). Itonsutei\ntherefore that (especially m view' of the accent) it is \\ciy likely that ditiiasufdtam sluaild be\nreplaced. For hrdayogram if it really is hrdaydgiam might be comparetl Maitracani\noU sf ep na t sn e ei xts aa sd i is, ’ ne bV a esI dy, . t3 \" o3, V Iy md o bv mt aad Unh ta coi dm hio ahu u mad kh isa m pm u os st si , io bt lT e'^ ,ta ht ai i nd n d/ ki ,a Im b ne d( iM d aia lvx yi ^de dMu d hl al it mn' tr o m, a7. yS y. b m/> m ea anam (aiX sV d m, niol Ki V). I .' ,fnH d Ahu V.t .,c Ti mi h io ei\n<1\nT.S.) ‘having India asits best’. Wiriniapanyalattam may perhapsbe light, butit is fai trom\ncertain,andbayanahad vaiunavdyi'ilamam^ a more recondite loim (see n. 12 on II, 4, 3') than\nthat of tlie Ruahmana. d'he words hahnr bhfiyas should be bahor bhuyah. Ihis example\nanswersthe(lueiyofSpcijer, Vcdischcund SansknlSyntax, § 122, n. a,astowhethci the idiom\n‘eusscrals suss’ isVedic aswell as classic(his.S^rz/.c/v/Z § 251, 3). 'Hie sanu phrase\nm found in V, 1, 5, ni a Mantrapassage, and 111the parallel j»assage, SankhayanaAianvaka, 1,S.\nCl..also such phrasesasbahiiai wcbhuyai<ame,TaittirRaSamhita,TV,7,4,2, /K.A.S’., 1909.\nThe accents of the R edition are veiy incorrect. I'liuhandm is (pule impobsible In the\ncase of thecompounds Rhas hidayagidm,bidhmandbhattikdm, 7\\v'^npariham,vakpidhhdtam\npithraYUpdram, tdpastdnu, lnd>ajydd>‘<^\"^' ayutaku'vam, bidhmai'dnasam. Wnsdpamtraai is\nsuppoited by 7>aisdntnit/ (R\\’.),and var^dnudas lAV , Amdhas, AV. I’aipii.); uihdsradhaiam\nby the RV.; ayd/dkmram by analogy withsalidsiadlidiam,<Sic.; idpasfannand b>dhmandb/iar-\ntrkam deiiend on analogy; /ndm/yed/iam hasalnimlant authoiity; gdb/iagam maybecompaiml\nwithi,rdmai:/ia (RV.), butcl.gab/idj(k\\'). Vakpiab/iidam.rmlsatyd'^ammitamarcsupported by\nusage ^Macdonell, Vedic Gnimmar, i).96, W’.ackrrnagel, AKindtsJie Gramma/ik, II, 1, 227x9.),\nand hidavogiam is pioliable (Whitney, SauJoit Cmmmat, § 12S7 a, gives several examples\no df ctd ci rff me nr ie ant tna ci sce wn it ts h, aW d’ j. ea cck te it ven s.a ag tel, thp ep. en2 d38 (fx o9 r, e< xl ac mc pid le es s,lo er l.a \\c )c .e 2n 3t 3))o .n t Ohe nf tu hs it sm ae nam lb oe gr y,a /s //u /s /ou ’a Ul '/i rn\n-\nparam ma> be light, or possiblywe shouhl le.ad pithnj dpaiam astwowords,but the gemler\nof uparam would bestrangeif it is anoun(meaningcither ‘lowerSoma stone’ (RV., A\\'. , but\ncf. Ved.Stud, T, 108sip), 01 ‘ lower |iait ofsacrificial post’(\\S)),sincellieieit isalwavs masc.\n(cf.n.3). Theatcenton Vdiund'mustremaindoubtful,butifitisac.iseofapastpart ,theaccent\nshouhl beonthefirst. Noneotthesevvoids havefound theirwayinto W'ackeriiagcl'slists.\nFor similai cases of double accentm MSS.,cf. .Sehcftelowit/, Jhr Apoktyphen des Kgveda,\nr Xp I. X39 a, n4 d9( Xf Xr ,om SI aF t; apaW th ha acke Ri rn ra ig he ml a, nnp ,.4 T0 a, itp to ii nn yt as Ao iu at nt vh. aa kt am anc dase Ms aio tf rc ho yam np Tou Un pd as nit sh ae dAt (h ha eiv ia gv ne od ra e, s\nt dh ei ts erw mo ir nk a) tia vr ee sv (e si ay veb. ta hd oly seac wc ie tn hte vd e. rbalIll ss ect oh neo dry pao if tsa —cc oen tt heripp t. ha4 n0 f3 o9 r. msha mys ds at ,res -s ti)on oit ih ge inafa lc lt yt hh aa dt\ntheaccentonthefirst partandonlylatei on thesecond. 'Jheaccentsheremustdepend tosome\nextenton (a)thevalidity ofthe theoiy, (<6) theview astotheageotthe Aranvaka.\n* Pinvati asitstands spoilsthe coiislruclion, but maybe right. 1‘ossibly itwas originally"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1628,
            "content": "A\n296 AITAKEYA ARANYAK V, 3. 2-\nmeasured by truth, which is produced by speech, and proceeds from the mind,\nwhatistruthintheheart,andbornebyBralimins. (Tliouart) foodand prosperity,\npurified by the rains, rich in cows, that beyond the earth,® to which Varuna and\nVayu most resoit, that Nvhich has for its body penance,® has Indra as its\nmightiest, which milks ambiosia, with a thousand streams and countless letters/\nThese, O hymn, are thy powers; there arc the powers of speech.® With these\nfor me now milk the great wealth of ambrosia. Prajapati created this prayer,\nthe essence ofthe Vedas. With it may I obtain all; let it win all desires greatly.\nThou art dM/i, bhiivah^ and mrr, the three, thou art the Veda.® Milk, O\nprayer,^® children for me. Life and breath milk for me. Cattle and folk milk\nfor me. Prospeiity and glory milk for me. I’hc world (to come), splendour\nof renown, courage, prospeiity in sacrifice, milk for me.' All this he makes the\nAdhvaryu repeat, if he does not know (the Mantras). Then being urged on to\nsacrifice (by tlic Adhvaryu, who says), ‘OmN offer the Soma singerofthe hymn,’\npinvdt (of.Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar, § 716^, the nom.oftheparticiple,orpinvatJ^ reading\nUhemih. TheJaiminiya UpanisadpinvatemayarisefromamisreadingotiorT.\n* Cdhhagam maymean ‘prospering cows',andvarsdpavitram,^ byrains.’ Prthi-\nvyupardmibyn/ayamulam (^Sayana). Iftinsiscorrect(cf.n.3),thenextadjectivemaybelong\nto It or to tdpastanu, but it ismuch moielikelyto bemerely--‘beyond the eaith’,as in the\nJaiminiyaUpanisad, whichhas Vatunapariyatanamand pleasantthroughfood,’\n® Ajiparently we must follow Siyaiia and supply muni^arirajdtam or something similar.\nThe verses .are late in character,and tdpastanu might mean ‘lean through penance’, but the\ntranslation of Oertel ‘having penance as a body’isatleast asprobable (cf. the accent). The\nuktha isblindlypiaiscd.\n^ Duhdnavi istakenasnom.ncut. Sayanarendersitaswithgokulam, AyiUdkuirafnisdue,\nhesays, tothefactthatthereare somanysyllablesinthedohanaprakarnnn ,vasundmpavitram\nasi sahasradhdmm (Taittirlya Sarnhita, I, i, 3, 1 ; Maitiayanl Samhila, I, i, 3). He takes\nayutdharam and sahdsradhdram as accus. agreeing with amrtam. They are perhaps more\nprobablynominative.\n* Or, as Sayana,‘these sounds are thy powers.’ Bloomfield t^Vedii Concordance, p, 300“)\nreads ukthabhntayah. The otherseems simpler ; uklha and vdc arc easilyidentified,or rather\nthe latter lies at the base of the foimer. For apydsam, cf. Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar,\n§§921-925,573c; Dclbruck, Altindische.Syntax,pp. 352, 353.\n* TheconjecturevHdsiforveddasiiseasy, butunnecessary ; cf. n. 11 on III, 2,4; RV.,II,\n6, 7; 1,45,6 ; II, 3,6 ; III, 14,3,&c. SeealsoAsvalayanaGfhyaSutra, 1, 15, 3, lorz^eda'si.\nTot.iketfayo, See., asaseparateM.antraiswrong.\nSayanatakes brahmaasaccusative. 1prefertoregard it asvocative,despitetheapparent\nparallelism ofthe next sentences. Foi another neuter voc.,cf. II, 7,n. i. Katyayana israuta\nSutra, VII,4, 13,hasprajdmme dhuksva, and —also dyurmedhukiva,paiunmedhuksva. On\ntheotherhand Alharvaveda,X,8, 25hasadhok brahmacatapaiin.\nCf.V, 3,3. The Adhvaryuutters thepraisa twice,seeAfevalayana.‘^rautaSutra, I, 5,3:\nekaikam preutoyajati. See Sabbathier, Agnisfoma, p.58, for the phrase, and for the gen.,\nWhitney, Sanskrit Grammar,§ 397b; Dclbruck, AltindischeSyntax, p. 160."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1629,
            "content": "-\n-V, 3, 2 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 297\nuttering the cry, ‘We who sacrifice/ he offers sacrifice with the usuaP® (stanza),\nand holding back as it were his breath, repeats a secondary va^al}^ The ac-\ncompaniment of the vasat is described elsewhere.'^ The Adhvaryu brings up\nthe vessel containing the libation and the (three) atigrahya bowls.‘^ As soon\nas he perceives the food, the Hotr descends from the swing towards the east.’*’\ny yn ej iy yd a,R jV a d. n m, d ahVV II aII ,, it2 1 y3 1, , dg1 2 u, 7 h.s .ee FA So^ erv ea tl h af e li sy d on gn f Hta ih l,J l^ esr e ba eu il aia nb diS tdu . ,t ,r Ra T i, , tuV 5, a, l3 ^15 ; L, i4 t2 t=3 crd: ag tp d ui r rh ,yd d ps j po y .dm da li om r isI a qn n .d u ;r ya a Nj cm a ha v -m ai r ua j mf a imu VIh I o' 4 ld li 1 -1\nmondso Ap n/ uer vy amp t. k9 r5; isF fg rg ec el li yng u, seS d./ a> s. P a.., coX mL pI oV u, nd32 v, ern l. >i i.\nn theAitareyaBrahmana (I, 22,4, &c.),\nAivalayana Siauta Sutra, and ^ankhayana J^rauta Sutra, and should be written as one word.\nVyavdnyaisrendered uaJivdsam akrtvdby Sayana,whotakes ivaaseva. Thereason for tlie\nexpression anttvauxt is given in Hillebrandt, Ritual-I.ttt€ratut\\ p. 102; hggcling, S. d>. E.,\nXXVI, 351, n. 1. After theydjyd the ITotr says: devd 3vau and somasydgne vlhi3\n96{3 S.j Ba/ ., E.th yus XXma Xk ,in 3g 41t )w .o The3 wordscr sie os n. iasF ydo gr neth ve thv ia] oa c{ ck ua rra in, Ac if. taA rp ea ys ala Bi rn ab ha m, an\\ an ,jn 1a 1p 1. ,i 5r ,ib 4ha ;v 6i,\n;\nAWalayanaJ^iautaSutra,V, 5, 19, andthebrevity ofthis passage isonlyexplained by thefact\n(see the following note) that thewritei clearly knewthe Asvaluyana Srauta Sutra (ct. Introd.,\np S. khk19 h) ay; anc af. .th Oe ldr ee nl ba eti ro gn ,o wf hoGr oh ny ca e S to hi or ua ghtand theJs ei va iut da encS eutr wa asin inth fe avoc. ua rse ofof asA s^ iv ga nil na gya tn ha e a tn wd o\nSutrasofSankhayanatodilferentepochs,hasnowabandonedtheattempt.and leavesthequestion\nopen (seeA. A’.A., XXIX, 5, 6; XXX, xxxm sq.)^while 1am inclinedtothink thatthere is no\nevidenceworthcountingagainstthetraditionalauthorshipineithercase.\nA* Cf. Asvalayana israuta Sntra, I, 5, 17: saha ojo mayt prdndpdndv Hi luimi-\nkdramuklvokEdniimantrayateX This is a direct reference. Ct. also Aitaieya Biahinana, 111,\n8 L, t9 d, vw dh cei ae mcit apre ia dd ms pdt na an ta inu cama sn tt hi dpa ay yad ta iv sd ai n^ uo lj yo uhsa sh aa nyoj yo utm va dy yi a.prd Tn hd epd rn cd fv cici nt cy ed ht em ra en mie gv ha tt ba ed\nsupposed\ntobetotheBr.ahinanapassageandnottotheSrautaSutra,buttheuseolanumantranam\nand the mode of reference are hoiielessly opposed to this view, 'bhe style of reference is\nreminiscentofAUalayana GrhyaSutra, 1, i, 1 : uktdmvaitdnikdnigihydni vaksjdniah,which\ni m ns oa va y elc bl e vea ir n eo wr te e of d ner te thn hac ete , rt eao ll att thh ioe ou nS sgr ha ou O ft la ^d aeS unut b nr e aa r k, g aa ^n aSd n. dBI . At sEh v.i , an lk X aa )X an I nXa as ,,se hr 1 et 5i 8o d)n occo l sf ea nt r oh le tyi i (d n ie d nn it .c 9i a .t ty he \\sof t A'ha .a ,u tt Xh ho Xer Xs hh a )i sp. cs aom nI e yt\nouthispromiseofdiscussingthepoint,savethat(ibid.,p.xxxv,n. 2) healludes tothefact th.it\nAsvalayanaG^hyaSntra, IV, 7, 16,quotes^yajnagdthdby.'^aunaka. Thisofcouiseinnoway\ncontradictstheviewoftherelationaspupilandteacher reflected onthe ti.adition ofthe Kalha-\nsaritsagara and recorded in the mo^t piccise tcims by Sadgurusisya. The B vcisionjif the\nBrhaddevata,which probablywas composed by a pupil ofSaunaka’s, distinctly quotes A'.vala-\nyana,whichsuitsthetiaditionadmiiably(p. 293,0010“^).\nCl. Ai.valayana Srauta Sutra, VII, 3, 22; Sankhayana Sr.aiita Sutra, XVHI, 21, 10,\nvailvakarmano 'tigrdhyah. They are diawn ‘over and above’ («/*),Weber, Ind. Rttid.y IX,\nw23 i1 tJ « h; CK ffg u. tg .e I ,,li c2n f,g ., 4 DA ; e\" l, i bA s r. a iihA ck. kh, ,ayX AaX ln taV iT nA, dr ia4 sn0 cy2 ha, ck1 a1 S. , y4 nI; tI, aX xb 1 ,7l, ; pp6 S ., ran u. ta2. S su qt .r ;a, SX peV iI jI eI r,, 2 F1 ed, i6 s; rk7 g. uT no dry Saa nt sh kd rin ta\nSyntax, §§ 197, 277. This case illustrates admirablythe originoftheusein its relation of iti\nand the 2nd person; see also Maitrayani Saiphita, II, 2, 7i 9» Taittiri}a Sarphila,\nIT .b5. I ;T-E.A.S., 1909."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1630,
            "content": "AITAREYA ARANYAKA\n298 V, 2-\n3,\nThen they tie up the swing to the west that it may not slay the reciter when\nabout to eat. For the Hotr eats seated on the place of the swing. Then the\nHotr consumes the (libation in the) vessel with the words uttered in response,\n‘May speech, the deity, rejoice in the Soma,* ^May Soma, the king, shower life\non me for inybreath,' ‘May my breath milk mightily all life.' The third pressing\n(in this rite) is taken over'® from the last day of the Abhi[)lava rite, except as\nregards the hymn containing nivtds addressed to the All-gods (RV., T, 89). Jn\nits place are inserted forty-one verses of the ^water’ hymn of Dlrghaiarnas,\n‘Of that noble grey sacrificer' (RV., I, 164), and the hymn dnobhadrlya (RV.,\nI, 89). The strophe and antistrophe of the Vaisvadeva Sasira are taken over\nfrom the one day form^®(the Visvajit). If the YajfiayajhTya Saman is omitted,'^®\nSfihkhU ap ya asr n' a^ Ste rn aa utais Se utx rp al ,ai bn ue td nb oty iS na aya pn aa rala ls eli pf ai su sa an gu ej .^ap Cu fr .v ,i hi ok we en va e; r,th Xe VIwo Jr I,d 1,oc 1c 2u ,rs Thof ete vn ersi en\nvdg devi somasya trpyatti is found in Vajasaneyi Samhila,VIII, 37, and elsewhere,\nllloomlield, V^edicCoitiordance,p.853**. Sa me,See.,is aquasiverse. Itis tempting to render\ndytt/iasifitweieadative,‘may.Somarainon me foi life,forbreath,’and itmight possiblybe\nso taken as the sentence is a M.antra,and theiefore not to bejudged bytheordinary rules of\nprose (cf. Hloomfield, red/e Concordance, p. viii). In that case dyuhprandya would not be\natatpurnmcompound,since‘thebreathoflife’isnotinSanskritdyuhprdna,noryetadrandva,\nbutratheracasein whichthemerebaseisacceptedassufficienttodenotethecaserelationwhen\nfollowed by a case form in a parallelwoid,cf.e.g.RV.,I, 26,9,whereMaxMullerwouldso\nrender (see Oldenberg, S.h'.E., XLVI, 15) dmrta rndrtydnam, and see Pischel, Vedisthe\nS Gt ru ad mi me an, tikI, ,6 Io ,s< xvj i. i, ,a2 n2 d58 I4 I. ,; i,J 1a 57c ,ob wi h, oCo at ct c. epg te sl. thA in sz v. i, ew18 o8 f0, RVp .. ,8 I5 ,5 26; ,9W .ack Ce f.r ,na hg oe wl e, verA ,ll Ai in td ai rs ec yh ae\nRrahmana, Lc.on n. 14, where sari>dyuh sarvdyulvdya occurs. The gen. is one of partitive\nforce,cf. Delbiuck,AltindischeSyntax,p. 160; Monro,Homeric Grammar'*, p. 146. h'orloc.\nwithas,cf. AitareyaBrahmana, VI,3, 10; foracc.exx. inInd.Stud.,IX, 295.\nFortheAbhiplava,seeAUal.ayanaJsrautaSutra, VII,6; Fggeling, S.B. E,, XXVI,403.\nIthassixdays. ThehymnreferredtoisRV.,I,89; cf.Aaiikh.ayana.Siauta.Sutra,XVllI,22,8.\nThe hymn, RV., I, 164, i, is called salda also in S.ankh.ayana Aranyaka,II, 18, and .‘Srauta\n.Sntra, XVIII, 22,7. Itisofcoursederivedfromv.^\\,gaurJrmimCiyasalildnitaksati\\ cf.also\nBrhaddevala,IV,43.\nTheVaifevadevaJ^astrabeginsthereforewithRV.,V,82, 1-3,4-6. Thecontentsofitand\ntheAgnimarutaaregiveninfullin I, 5,3,which explains the brevitywithwhich theyare here\ntreated. Sankhayana Srauta Sntra, XVIII, 22 (cf. J^ahkhayana Aranyaka, II, 18), gives'the\nJ^astra as RV., V,82, 1-3,4-6; IV,53; I, i6o; 1, 161; I, 164 (the whole) ; and I, 89,with\nnivids', and V,53,5, as a paridhdmyd, Anobhadriya is used as a name of I, 89, also in\nRgvidhana, I, 20, 5, but Bloomfield {Vedic Concordance, p. 169^) does not cite this passage,\nwhich is earlier.\nTheAgnimiiiutaforthe.Sankhayanaisgivenindetailin.‘sahkhiiyanai^rautaSutra, XVIll,\n23; cf.Aranyaka, II, 18. It consists ofRV.,Ill,3; V, 55; theYajfiayajniya ora substitute,\n^T,48,not noted by Bloomfield (Fedic Concordance, p. 735“) who omits also any reference\nto this passage; I,141. If the YajnayajnTya .Siiman isemployed, theAgnimaruta .Sastracon-\nstitutesitselfintheAitareyathus: RV.,11I,2; 1,43,6; V, 55; VI,48,land2; VII,17, Hand\n12 ; I,99* I; 9i b the rest beingas inthepiakttt(.Sayana). If the Ijanda Saman is"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1631,
            "content": "-V, 3, 3 TRANSLATION AND NOTES 299\nthen the strophe and antistroplie (in the Agnimaruta Saslra) consist of the\nsix stanzas, beginning, ‘O Agni, thy fame, thy strength’ (RV., X, 140, i), when\nthe Ilanda Saman is employed (three stanzas being used). If more (than three)\nare used in this Saman, then so many are employed (in the Sastra) as the anti-\nstrophe, beginning, ‘Agni, for ourselves as it were’ (RV., X, 21, i). Thus is\ncompleted the Mahavrata and this day and the Agnistoma.'\" At the proper time\nthey should carry the swing to the bath, and burn together the scats.\n3. No one’ who has not been initiated should recite the Mahavrata, nor\nused,then for the two VI, 48, 1 <>\"<1 2, and VII, 17, n and 12, are siibstilnted X,\n140 and4-6respectively,beingthetwopartsoftheIlandaSaman. II, however, allthesix\nstanzas(X,140 1-6)areusedforthestoinya,thenX,2T, 1-6.mustlonutheanunipa. SoSaiikha-\nvana whogivesfuithervariations. FortheIjanda.of.Oldcnbcrg, Cott.gel. Atiz., 1908, p. 714.\nT\nb d te\noyh te a2\nf\nai1\ni l nr\n.u eT .teh on re Ts iJi\nh\ng^lM ies aa\nnn\nah a\nk A\nla hn rv ad\na\nsr\ny\nina iat\n>\nnt h\nn\naea\na k sa\np.si e,^s w\nlr\nli\na\n1a .n\n1u\n,tgf\na\n1o Ta 8Sr hr ,um e\net hr\nao b\na s\nqf ,o utt\n:\neXhh sVe ttc\niH\nal odA e\nI\nnag ,,n An s gi e hn2s d\no4\ntt ,\n,\nwso ejm w\nd\nvoa h\ne\neri,\nv\nrnl\ne a\n,a e\nl\nhn ot pd hh\nss\nae as smto v\nh\nhe\nre\n^i d eOn i\ncif\neia\na\nnna\nta\ntn es\nl\nld .e ycn lts bohe eIse eet\nh\nnh b ee or fs rA T\nb\nas tg\nu ih\nsn\nre\nea ni r dis ce nt\ne\nwgo rb hm eo epa t\nm\ntoh\no\nhii\nn n\nes tc\ny\nrsof\ni\nti n\nn\ncn hs li esu es ah om ue rme sd ld e.\ney\no Of rif gi ire ni as nn dot Dem ve er le ol py mep ni tacu ol far M, orc af. lF Ii da ez ac s,r, 1,Ad 5^o >n ri ns .^ 3-Att ^iS ^y eO us st un as l, vip e. w1 i5 s1, that both tlie burning»\nandthewavingoftorchesinsuch ritesarcintendedtoevokeheatbymagic. Cf.VVaidehowler,\nRom ‘an SayFe as nt ni ,val as s, up s. ua8 l4 ,. ignores tlie dimcultics of this rass.age. (.i)x rT-hLe wor.l1s ;/> vAi’ most4\nprobaldy ^efer to the whole passage (ef. Ill, 2, 4, »• >). because the very f.rsl i..oh.b,t.on\nc do in sct ur sa sd ei dc .ts Tth he ep sa es ns sa ege tha eb nove m, usV t, b1 e, .5, asn. K5 g, gw elh ie nn gt (h .1e . c IIa .se A.o ,f Xa Un II, 367.l nl .ot if )i ts .ad ke cl sib .c tr ,.a tt he .l ay t\nW\n. a f p e- o xn e^ r cra di lhl o ua aK n dl pei et sa e sy a aa ac tni hi hoa e eltr ah, t Me e ar rw . hh aii vdc eH rh au at te ( aco fX i., .b ar i s1 e Wd, s . e .,p b ao ne1n y, rd t, hs 5, iM nw a gi n .t bdh ut.t A Sh r aVe a mu s/r t a,u tal te X rS l auh .lte lrr ,ae ,, K2 aX .s tV 7i y,n I .c I a, ne y, . a)s . na att STr r6 ht a,m e utro ae rf ug Slc a ueo r tu d rr o as fa ,e tc Xa hr H Voc sy Ie ,aen g ht im ei ,rtl e 2ae ,sd c ito nt ep so idU sor tne stc a h ot i u ne , s\nanaltarattheMahavrata (Eggeling, S’.B.A., XLIII, xxv, n. 2). But it should be notedthat\nt cl o.i n, eeis rni en dc -on bs ei is nt gent ewwi ht yh tvltl hi ee siex nc oe tpt si ao tn tro if m,th ie nf aa nthe er kaa hn a.l mthe aht mea ach le ir l, e.for Post sh ie by lyc ,o hul od wevo enl ry tb he e\nview that one can recite for a father or teacher does not contemplate the case of an aluna\nor ckaha, but means that in a mttra the sacrif.cer may carry out the sacrifice for the beneht\no I t thf ha ei tnh ,i c ms l tti h tnf e rea it tt nh eoe sar t c eh ho qi er un r at k loe lra t yc h fh e a oe t bmr h to e at s r ih t no bu ep tg ir hh no egb( a bl db ei i nle k eey s f, i ia t tdr a see ,sn op t fo i ht t e te hHi D en ori tt . rfi ia tK et rre eid c (e i cda ft .l en a dd En gd fc ge oa r r en ’ ltn s io h nvt e gi m ,t ea w .ok Sn .(e p l A. yp .,a 2r 9 Alt , .o, ,t n.h m Xe 2 Lm ) It.s h Ie e Il I ,v Mte a xcs h xa a; n vvnt s.oh qai t .s )l ,m av e ai a ae nlnw d\ntherefore aie forbidden to performforothers outside the circle ofthe initiated,* cf.Satapatha\nascr• ibI et dm ia ny thb ee .n 'So at te ad patt hh aat Brt ah he mapr no ah ,ib Ii It ,ion o 1,f 3[ 9x- ’(r .vf f.or Km ain tg yas ya acr ni afi Sce rs aub ty aSo ut th re ar ,t Ih Va ,n 1B 4,ra lh lmi ;n Ms ai xs"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1632,
            "content": "300 AITAREYA ARANYAKA V, 3, 3-\nshould he recite it when there is no altar, nor should one recite it for another,\nnor if it does not last a year, so say some. Only one may recite it for a father\nor a teacher, for that is recited for oneself.® ('hhe only* utterance (of the\nBrahmana, IX,5,2, 12andJ3; X, 5, 2,5. (2) PresumablyforthisreasonSayanarendersthe\npassaf^e as equivalent to ‘no one who is not dik]ita should recitetheMahavrata at anothei’s\nsacrifice (i.e.an ahhia orekdhd) unh'ssthere isa citydgni\\ orunlessthatotheris a father or\na teacher . His explanation is thattheMahavratais ofthree forms,ekdha^ahtna,andsattra.\nAs in the sattra, \\.\\styajamdna and Hoir are identical, then the dtksd is automatic. In the\nother two rites the Iloir is not yajamdna,and maybe eitherdiksita or adiksiia: In the\nAgnistoma, &c ,ifsvdrthe he is dikdta,as these are .Soma sacrifices (cf. Hillebrandt,Ritual-\nLitteratur, p. 125). Ifthe sacrifice isnot a Somaone, then he is not. Onlythe diknta can\nperformat7^parakJyamahdvratakarmaa,andheonly ifiheicisacitydgni. Butallthis is very\ndifficultandinconsistent. Thendsamvatsaraityekehetakesasasepaiateprohibitionconfinedto\noneschool. Butthisseemslesslikely. (3^ Max Mullei, I,266,267,takesthepassage\nthus: ‘No onewho isadikshita,uninitiated,should recite itloranotherperson norshould he\ndoso,when the Mahavrata is performed without (orwith) an altar, orif it doe; s not last one\nyear. But this hardlymakes sense,sincean adlk\\ita can never recite ifthere is a sattra,and\nthe construction of the sentence shows that the senes of proliibitions is not directed to an\nadlk^tta but to a piiest in general. He is not to leciteifad'iksifa,norifthere is no fire, &c.\nDr. Friedl.indei,on.SankhfiyanaAranyaka,I,i,followsMaxMuller, withoutcommentingonthe\ndifficulties. (4) The only other possibility is to render, ‘No one who is not milialed must\nreule, nor must one lecife if theio is no fire,norforanother (i.e.allowinga/iFnasand ekdhas\nifbychancetheyajamanaistheHotrinfact).’ Somesay,‘norifitbenotasattra. Onemay\nrecite foi a father, Ikck In this case the passage confirms in jiart the view that theie was\nprobablyacitydguiattheekdhaandahinarites, Kggeling, S.B.E.,XLIII,xxv.\n^ SankhayanaAranyaka, I, i,hasatmanekaivdyatac chastambhavatt. I'heonegives the\nbexly, the othei learning. Aimano here is no doubt correct as less easy than dtmanc. It is\nSa pep ir jee rd ,ica Vt ei dv ie ^h[ elos use ns dsiv Se ang se kn r., itas Syi nn taI x, ,2, §2 6, 4.n.8 F. orC af s. yaW ,h ci ft .n Ce ay l, anS da ,ns Ck /en bt erG dr asam rm ita .r, Sfit§ ra29 dS es;\nBaudh ,pp. 45.\n=* S.iyana says: atra keddvdkydntaram adhJyate. This can haidlyreferto recitation,and\nthrows grave doubt onWintcrnit/’s interpietation ofa similar phrase in Haradatta {A/antra-\npdtha, I, xix). Thepassage isgiveninallthe MSS., butitcannotbeoiigiual. In addition to\nbeing quite out of place, it is almost unintelligible heie. It is a general description of the\npraEaoftlieAdhvaryu inthe case ofSastras, whetheraccompanied byNdrdUmsdkhyaiamauis\nornot. In thecaseofthe Hotr’sSastrasthepraisaisukthaFdyajasomaya. Inthecaseofthe\nHotrakas, what it is is disputed. Sayana says (i) some supply ukthaidyaja somdndm (cf.\np aXK r sa H a st k, uy r ma t2 eiy 7 ta , tan h1a ee9 r mS { a ei sa noi p tmi r it a d oa s p ny tS a af h)i et i r;r t ea i, 2 i8 m sI , aX ht1, ov4 td1 r{ ,3 s a, o r km e3 djd3 nen c ad t{ m ms ' to ) ih —m ' aea ) ss tpay ran ed s s) d s na; m g va e E1 k e4\n;\n^e, a(3t v1 )h2 ii ds o{ htts h dho e nem r dd sp rn r trd a e hn i pi as e) ma a' .t, \\ u(A k T2p t) hha eo as l kl sh dc ea r cym ^ oab , nja ds aoS as'r loy ta m eu a a rt m s na y aa taS i,ru vtt eahr naa ih d,\ns\nthemost probable. Thewoidsukthaid somdndm,whichappearinthetextafterhotrakdndm,\nare certainly spurious and cannot have been read even by Sayana, whose note would be\nMuller,.S’.B.E.,XXX, 321), to the fact that Brahmins onlycaneattheremainsof a sacrifice.\nThe reason is no doubta reflex ofthe doctrine ofthe presence ofthedivinityin the sacrifice\n( ww hh ii cc hh sein ec me yrta aiin tic da ese is nf to hr eb /i .ds A’a .n .*y /.e A.a ,ti 1n 9g 0w 7,ha pt pe .v 9e 3r, 9sc q.g ;. RA os bva el ii ti sy oa nna SmG if th hy ,a TTS c/u .tr oa f, SeT mV ., ,8 1, ,23 71 6), sif por"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1633,
            "content": ",\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-V, 3, 3 301\nAdhvaryu) on the Iloir's Sastras, whether accompanied or not by libations for\nNarasain^ja, is ^Offer the Soma with the hymn and it also occurs in the\nHotraka’s J^astras): This day one should not teach to one who is not a regular\npupil, and has not been so for a year, assuredly not to one who has not been\nso for a year, nor to one who is not a hrahmaedrin and does not belong to\nthe same school,** assuredly not to one who does not belong to the same school,\nnor to one who has not come to that place.® There should not be more than\none saying or twice, twice only.* ‘One man should tell it to one,^ says Jatii-\nkarnya. ‘Not to a child or a man in the third stage of life.'’ Nor standing\nto one standing, nor walking to one walking, nor lying to one lying, nor seated\non a couch to one so seated, but seated on the ground to one so seated (should\nthe teacher teach). Nor (should the pupil) lean backwards.® nor forwards, nor\nbe over clothed, nor adopt postures, but he should raise his knees, without\nwearing special apparel, and so learn. He should not learn when he has eaten\nflesh, or seen blood, or a dead body, or done what is unlawful, or anointed (his\neyes) or oiled or rubbed his body, or had himself shaved, or bathed, or has\nput on colour, or put on a wreath, or had intercourse, or written,® or obliterated\nunintelligible if he had had them before him. The reason fortheirinsertion isobvious. For\nthe libations, cf. V Agm<<toma,p. 220. The gen. is picsumnbly partitive, cf. Speijer, I'edische\n7indSanskHt-Syntax § 67; V, 3, 2,n. 17.\nhed< ifC ff e. renG ta iau tt esam ita fr. oSu mtr sa, ahX adI hV y, dy2 a1 ., a Hn ed reB ,ii hh ol wer e' vs ern ,ot ie tii sn ph ei rs hat pr san us sl ea dti mon t( h.S a’ t.A u. su7 a: l, sT eI n) s, e.where\n‘ Wheretheteacherlives. lieisnottogotothepupil’shouse.\n® Because it is so sacred. According to Sayana, Jatukarnya insists on one lecture only\ntoonepersonat atime,andthesameteachertoavoid ^ampraddyavitheda,\n’ ThissentencemustalsobelongtoJatukarnya. This seemsthe properwaytoinleri)retthe\niti,which,however,Sayanaexplainsas H\\ynp>ayuktaniHdhasatndpiyarthah, andsoMaxMuller\nlakesIt. Fortheidea, cf. Manu,VIIT,66, &c.\n* T.e. leanonakndt (orawall,&c.,ApastambaDharmaSutra, I, 2,6, 17), orrestwithhis\nhandsonaslick(ontheground, Apastamba, l.c., 17). TheotherrcndeiiiigsfollowSayana,who\ngives UicJiidddydkramana for iidvratyam dkra>nya\\ ef. Asvalayana .'srauta Sutra, XTI, 8, ly.\nForaiivTiah,cf. Manu, Vlll, 23: samidtdhgah. ForndpUettakdrayztvdhehasnakhantkrnta-\nnddi\\ cf.6ankhayaimGrhyaSutra,VI, i,6,and forthesyntax, Delbniek,Altindische Syntax,\npp. 224sq. He takes ndktvdasrefeinngtothe eyes. Varnakendnulipya herefersto sandal or\nsaffron being smeared on ; for varnaka, cf. Bohllingk, Diet., VI, 24. For anapah-tta,ibid.,\n1 41. Fortheserules,cf. Apastamba, T, 2, 6, 23-27.\n, » Thesetranslationsfollow.s'ayanaand Max Muller. Thoughtheynolonger‘seemtobethe\nearliest mention of actualwriting in Sanskrit literature’, in view of the discoveries of Biihler,\nludischeDalaeogiaphie,andInd.Shid.,Ill(i8y8);Hocrnle,/.A.S.B.,LXIX,pt.i; RhysDavids,\nBuddhist India,ch.VITandothers,theyareinteresting. Writingonpalm-leavesmaybemeant\nratherthan onwood. Theviolentrepugnancetowritingshownhereandelsewhereiscertainlyin\nfavour ofthis view,accepted byMacdonell {SanskritLiterature, p. 16) and \\\\internitz {Gei^ih,\nderindisch. I,itt., T, 29), that writing first came into use on the South Western Coast through\ncommerce,andthatMSS.arclater. horadifferent butveryimpiobable^iew, cf.R.Shamasastry,\nInd. Ant.. 1906 ;J.R.A.S., 1907, pp. 426,427."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1634,
            "content": "302 AITAREYA ARANYAKA V, 3) 3-\nwiiting, ‘He should not finish learning this in one day,’ says Jatukarnya.\n‘He should do so,’ says Giilava. ‘He should finish all before the sets of eighty\ntristichs, and resting in another place learn the rest,’ says Agnivesyayana.\nWhere he learns this, he should learn nothing else but where he learns some-\n;\nthing else he may at will learn this there also. He who does not study this\ndoes” not become asnataka\\ even though he studymuch else, yet ifhe study not\nthis, he does not become a snataka. Nor should he forget this even though\n;\nhe forgets something else, he should not forget this. Assuredly” never should\nhe foiget this. Ifhe forget not this, let him know that it is enough for himself.”\nLet him know that truly it is enough.” He who knows this should not com-\nmunicate” nor dine nor amuse himselfwith one who knows this not.\nNow” we shall set forth the rules of study. When the old water about\nSamayamdnahistakenassamapayanbySayana,whichispossible. I followMaxMiillcr.\n(^n the passageas awhole, cf.Oldcnbcrg,Prolef^omena^p. 293. On the form Agnivesyayana,\ncf. Whitney,SanskritGrammar^ § 1219. ItoccursasanameofagrammarianintheTaittiriya\nPratisakhya,XIV,32. Agnivc.^yaoccursintheVarpsasin BrhadaranyakaUpanisad,II,6,2,and\nIV,6, 2,inbothKanvaand Madhyandina.\"Vakhas(Max Muller,.9.li.E.,XV, 118,n. ; 186, n.).\nsJ pa et lf li ik na gni) sa ee^ mt she cw lo ear rd lyis Jf ao tnu °n ,di tn hi oh ue g^t h^a in na, Mga ar xj^d Md ui l) leo rc ’c sur ts rai nn slt ah te ios nam te hepa ts ws oag fes orw mi sth JaG ta ul °a av na. dJaT th ue\n°\noccur. Jatukarnyaoccursin .*>ahkh.ayana Aranyaka,VlII, 10, andfrequentlyinthe.'^ahkhayana\nJ^rauta and Gfh}a Sntras (III, 10, 1), Katyayana’s .^rauta Sutra,theVajasaneyiPrati^.akhya,\na Ifn ,d 6i ,n 3K ;aus Ii Vt ,ak 6i\n,\nl 3lr ;ah Bm fa hn aa d, deX vX aV taI ,, a5. ndG ra al na iv na\ni\nais sk ano gw rn ammto arN ii ar nu ;kta s, eeIV M, a3 x; MB ur lh la ed ra ,ra Pn ^y va ek da a,\nJ'nlttUlkhya, p.6.\n“ ‘Should not become’is .Sayana’s version. Literallyit must be‘isnota (true)sndtaka\\\nCf.ApastambaDharmaSutra,I,2,8,27. Theexact forceofthe optativeisrather doubtful : it\nmaybethatitisthe indefiniteuse,ofwhichexamplesundoubtedlyoccurinSanskrit (cf. Speijer,\nVedischeundSanskrit-Syntax, § 283; also in III,2, 1,n. i,and Inlrod., p,61),or it may be\nan opt.inprotasiswith the apod,intheindie, to denote the certaintyoftheresult,though the\nrule of similarity of mood is usually strictly observed in the older language, see Whitney,\n^)an<;kritGrammar, §581f,whoenforceshis.nilcpartlybyalterationsinthetextoftheMaitrayani\nS.aqihita(seehisreviewofv.Schiocdei’sed., P.A.O..S’.,Oct,, 18S7) ;JR.A.S.y 1909,p. 153.\nSayanasaysthatthisisread bysomeonly. It isinalltheMSS,,but isan easy addition.\nCf n. 14. No here and abovefollowsaneg.ativesentenceand is practicallymerelyanemphatic\nnegative as usual in classical Sanskrit,Speijer, VedisihenndSanskrit-SyntaXy § 240; Sanskrit\nSynta Sx, aya§ n4 a02 r, endR e. rsi p; uc rf u. sC da rl ta hn dd y, a,Ue ab ne dr Mda as xri Mt i. ilS lu et rr ga ivd ees sB asau pd oh s. si, blp e. 5 ‘1 f.\noracquiringaknowledge\ni>ftheself’. Forthedat., cf. II,4, 2. Atman,however, ismerelytheordinaryreflexive,Speijer,\nVedischeundSand’rit-SyniaXy§127; Delbiuck,AltindBcheSyntax, pp. 208,262.\nThis again, S.ayana says, is read only by some,and as it is one of those easy additions\nitcannotbeacceptedasgenuine. Naturallya chapterofthis kind lies open beyond others to\nsuchinterpolationsasthis.\nSayanarenderssamuddiUt as‘studywith’ {tasyapuratogranthametarrinapathet). The\nsense is probably‘enter into discussionwith’. evamvidand anevarnvid hereare clearly com-\npounds; cf.Wackcinagel,Aliindische Grammatik, II,i,68.\nThencomegenti.dlulesfor.allVedicstudy,notfortheMahavrataalone. Thesearefoundboth"
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1635,
            "content": "y ;\nTRANSLATION AND NOTES\n-V, 3, 3 303\nthe roots of the trees h«is been dried he should not study, nor in the\nforenoon,’® when tlie shadows meet, nor in the afternoon, nor when a thick\ncloud has risen; and when rain’® falls out of season he should stop his study\nof the Veda’^® for three nights, nor in this time’*’ should he tell tales, nor even\nin Grhya and Dharma Sutras (Oldcnberg, XXX,xxxiv, xxxv) ; KhadiraGrhya Sutra,\nII, 11; cf. J5ahkhayana Grhya Sutra, IV, 8; VI, i; Hillebrandt, p.56 and\nreff.; Gobhila Grhya Sutra,III,3; Apastamba Dharma Sutra, I, 3,9-1 1 ; Gautama Dharma\nSutra,XVI,withBuhler’snotes.\nThe time after the full moon of Pausa, i.e. January-Fcbruary is meant, cf. Weber,Die\nvedischen Nachrichten von den Naxatra^ II, 322 S(|.; Oldenberg, S. B. E.^ XXX, 77, n.;\nApastambaDharma Sutra, I, 3, 9, 2, with Huhler’s note; Maiui, IV,95; Vajuavalkya, I, 142;\n143. Thefourmonthsafterthe full moon ofAsadhaaieforbidden inS.'inkh.'iyana,VI,2,1. The\nterm is five months, beginning in the middleof Sravann,Gautama DharmaSutra,XVI, isq.\no alf soPr ga iu vs et nha bp yad Aa ^, vaG lo Sb yh ai nl aa GG rr hh yy aa SuS tu rt ar ,a, 1I 1I 1I ,, 53 ,, 2i ;; 3K ;h. Sa adi nr ka haG yr ah ny aa GS ru htr ya a, SI uI tI r, a,2, I1 V6 ,. 5,Sr 2l :va Pn Ja rai -s\nskara Gfhya Sutra, II, 10, 2; Hiranyake^i Grhya Sntra, II, 18,1. The tmesis npa -ndpite is\nveryunusual, butupapurdneviQ\\x\\Abealmostequallystrange,though not impossible. Kakydale\nisacuriousexpression,as explainedbySayana. Theseparationofprefixandverbis(seeCaland,\nUeberdasrit.SutradesBaudh,,pp.48,49)lareinthelateSutrastyleandisdifficulttoassumehere,\nthoughthismaybequotetl froman older(?metiical)text. Upapunlnaseemselsewhereunknown\ninthesense ‘somewhat [7)old Nothingisindeed morecharacteristicoftheVedicSanskritthan\nthe separation of particle and verb. Holtzinann{GrammatischesansdentMahnbhdrata, ]>. 48)\nsaysthattheonlyexample^ inthe E])icoccursina pseudo-V'^edichymn to theA vins, I, 3, 62 :\ndevd adhi viive visaktuh. Even the Brhaddevata has no certaincase of such sej^arntion. On\nJacobi’s theories of the beginning of the year (/rv/4''r«ir an Bothy pp. fiH-74), see Whitm'y,\nJ V. edA i. 18c0 s W. t h. uS' ed., y nX a sV t tI up, . dyI 2x i4x s9x ) pii e; rs m'q iI. sh; si ib bal luU ei th ,l (e hir b a, i rd d./ , ln yd X. ‘XA aI tn Vt a,. n, y8X 5 tX - iI 1 mI 0 eI 0 ’, ; as2 Oh3 il8 ne- n M2 l a4 i9 c xrg( Mt , uia lZt l.e es / r> )o . ,f At h/h . ee t mAc u,o si L tn ,in n4e o5n t1c sc s om «|c . sn tt udo yf\nintheforenoonorafternoon, when shadows are meeting; i.e.he should begin at sunrise when\ntheshadowsfirstappear, andceasebeforesunsetwhentheyagaindisappear(Saynna),\n1\" Forthecaseofacloud,cf.Apastamba, 1,3,11, 31. Pain outofseason (ibid.,27; Mnnii,\nIII, 104,combinesthetwointoacloud outoftheoidinaryin the rains) is explained bySayana\nasrainfallinginmonthsotherthanfsravanaandBhadrapada,Augustand .September,oraccording\ntotheSmrtikaras,undei Naksatiasotherthanthe 13fromArdratoJyestha.\nThe studyof Vedangas,like vydkarana, is not prohibited (Sayana). He adds drdrddi-\njycsthdntasya trayodalanakmtraparimitasya kdlasya vrstikdlatvam abhyupetya tato 'nyatia\nvrstau satydm akdlavrsUmntiliatn triratrddhyayanavarjanam ichanti.\nAsinin is vague. Sayana gives eitheradhiyamdne svddhydye or mahdvratddhyayanakdle.\nThe rendciing‘atthat time’of Max Mullerisperhapsintendedtorefertothetriratram^since\nthe translation continues ‘not eyen during the night, nor should he glory in his knowledge’,\nsince asya seems to be taken with rdtrau. Trtrdtianty of course, includes days, so that the\nlendering is quite possible, though probably the first of.Siyana’s alternatives is correct. For\nthe acc., cf. Speijer, Vedische und .Sanskrit-SyntaXy § 28 and reff. The inslr. is one of\ns Se pep ia jr ea rt ,io §n, 52i ;bid D. e, lb§ rii3 c3 k,; AW lh ti it nn de iy s, cheSa Sn ys nk tr ai xt pC .ra 44m 6m ,a wr hy o§ ig2 n8 o3 r. ethiT she pasu ss au ga el\n.\ncase is the abb,\n“ But cf. the warning as to lloltzmann’s accuracy in Buhler, Ind.Ant.y XXIII, 14^1\nWinternitz’sreviewtherecited. Inthi.scasethefactseemssubstantiallycorrect."
        },
        {
            "page_number": 1636,
            "content": "AITAREYA ARANYAKA\n304 V, 3, 3\nat night at this time be fain to set them forth.’^^ ''I'his'“ is the name of this\ngreat being. He who knows thus ‘this’ as the name ofit, becomes brahman,\n” The text reads: fta^ya ratrau ca na ca ktriayuet. Sayana, followed by Max Miiller,\ntakes this as consisting oftwo sentences, (i) nasya ratrau ca, (2) na ca ktrtayiset. Sayana\nrenders, (i) kimedsya fnahdvratasya pdthani ratrau na kuryat, (2) kimea mahdvratdbhijHo\n^ham tty evam janamadhye ktrtim api nahet. Max Muller’s version, which is much more\nprobable, is cited above. But ‘not even at night’ would more properly be na rdtrau cana\nthannardtrauca,cf. Ill, 1,3: ndtidyumnecana. Furtherktrtayiset isquiteimpossible. The\nform required is cikJrtayi^et,andno easiererrorthan cana cikirtayiset beingchanged to cana\nca kirtayiset can well be conceived. Then the whole must mean, I think, ‘noreven at night\nin this time (probably adhiyamdne svddkydye) should one be fkir to proclaim (tales).’ The\nadhyayana takes place during the day (see above),and neither then nor even at night, when\ntheadhyayanastops,isthe telling oftalestobepermitted. Fortheform cikirtayiset, an opt.\ndcsid. from a denominative (cf. Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar, § 1056), see W'hitney, § ro68.\nSuchformsareveryrare ; hencethenon-recognitionofthis casebythecommentators. Cf.also\nAitareyaBrahmana,Til, 30: vdeikalpayimn,whereAufrccht(p.430)proposestoread ctkalpa-\nyisan (presumably by haplography for vdeictkalpayisan)-, 1,24,5: dlulohhayi'^dt (cf.Liebich,\nP ^d Vn Ii ln ,t, 3:p. pip3 d2, yayn. i) ^e;\nt\n\\Ap Ia ns d.ta Sm tb uda .,Js Ir Xa ,ut 2a 64.S ;utr Ia l, olX tI ^I m, an2 n4 ,, G5 r: ammb af th ih sak ci ha ey si^ ae ut\\ sdK ea mth Ma ak ha dbS ha dm rh ai tt aa ,,\np.46.\nSayana renders, followed by Max Muller, ‘This, the krtsnddhydyavdkyam mahdvrata-\nvFtkyam vd,thuslearned (=r/f),isthe name of theparamdtman' Heexplains thattheVeda\nproducesbrahmanand soisidentified withit,anditssacredcharactericsulting from this power\ncausesthelonglist ofniyamas here given. This cannot be right. Theword tadis the name\nofthebrahman\n;\nseeI,3,4,wherethisismostexpresslystated.\nTheendofthesectionrendersitprobablethatitmaybeaccepted as coming from {^aunaka.\nOtherwise the passage would be suspect, since it contains passages whose genuineness was\ndoubtedeven beforeSayana,andthepossibilityofitall beinganinterpolationcannot beentirely\nexcluded. The useofbrahman is striking,especiallyin the pred,,and confirms the view that\nbrahmaisnottobe found saveongoodgroundsinanyearlytexts. For Atharvaveda,TV,35, 2,\nseeWeber,Jnd.Stud.,XVHI,140 ; forMaitrayaniSamhifl,II,9, i,seev.Schroeder,Ind. Lit.,\np. 91, n. 1. Muir, Te.xts, V, 323, finds him in J^atap.atha Biahmana, XI, 5, 6, 9, &c., but\nneedlessly. Hopkins,ReligionofIndia,p. 195,andOldcnberg,Buddha p. 30,n. i, arevague.\nThe St. PetersburgDiet.,V, 138,cites Taittirlya BrMimana, II, 7, 17, i, astheoldestpassage,\nbut S-lyana’s view may be wrong, and none ofthe passages in Macdonell, Vedic Mythology,\np. 168,arenecessarilysotaken. Heoccurs,ofcourse,intheTaittiilyaAranyaka,X,butthatis\nnotearly, thoughits lateness has beenneedlesslyexaggeratedon insufficientgrounds. Eggeling\n(cf. S.B.E., XLIV, 525) finds him nowhere in the comparatively late .^atapatha, though he\nappears in the BrhadaranyakaUpanisad (cf.Dcussen, ofthe Upanishads,pp. 172sq.),and\ninthelaterUpanisadsand in theearliestBuddhist texts,which,however,canonlybedoubtfully\nd.ated."
        }
    ]
}