| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 1, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nBASICS OF CONCRETE\nSCIENCE\nL. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\nSt-Petersburg ( Russia), Stroi-Beton, 2006\nmailto: dvorkin.leonid@gmail.com\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"BASICS OF CONCRETE\"}, {\"0\": \"SCIENCE\"}, {\"0\": \"L. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\"}, {\"0\": \"St-Petersburg ( Russia), Stroi-Beton, 2006\"}, {\"0\": \"mailto: dvorkin.leonid@gmail.com\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0001.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 2, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n2\nABSTRACT\nThere are enlightened basic aspects of scientific concrete science. There is given summary of \nmodern ideas about hardening and structure-forming of cement stone and concrete, rheological \nand technological properties of concrete mixes, strength, strain and other properties, which \ndetermine concrete operate reliability and durability. There are considered basic types of normal \nweight cement concrete, lightweight and cellular concrete, non-cement mineral binders concrete, \nmortars. \nThe book is addressed to students and post-graduate students of construction specialties of higher \neducational establishments, scientists and technologists. \nReviewers:\nDoct. Prof. Komohov P.\nDoct. Prof. Krivenko P.\nDoct. Prof. Ysherov-Marshak A.\nISBN 590319702-7\nL.Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\n“Basics of Concrete Science”\n2006. – 692 pages\nBASIC MONOGRAPHS OF AUTHORS\n1. L.I.Dvorkin \"Optimum Design of Concrete Mixtures\", Lvov, Vusha Skola, 1981, 159 p. (Rus.)\n2. L.I.Dvorkin,.V.I.Solomatov, V.N. Vurovoi, S.M.Chydnovski \"Cement Concrete with Mineral \nAdmixtures\", Kiev, Bydivelnik, 1991, 137 p. (Rus.)\n3. L.I.Dvorkin, O.L.Dvorkin \"Effective Cement - Ash Concrete\", Rivne, Eden, 1999, 195 p. (Rus.)\n4. O.L.Dvorkin \"Design of Concrete Mixtures. (Bases of Theory and Methodology)\", Rivne, \nNUWMNR, 2003, 265 p. (Rus.)\n5. V.I.Bolshakov, L.I.Dvorkin \"Building Materials\", Dniepropetrovsk, Dnipro-VAL, 2004, 677 p. (Rus.)\n6. V.I.Bolshakov, L.I.Dvorkin, O.L.Dvorkin \" Bases of Theory and Methodology of Multi-Parametrical \nDesign of Concrete Mixtures\", Dniepropetrovsk, PGASA, 2006, 360 p. (Rus.)\n7. L.I.Dvorkin, O.L.Dvorkin \" Building materials from wastes of industry\", Rostov-na-Dony, Phenics, \n2007, 363 p. (Rus.)\nЛ.И.Дворкин, О.Л.Дворкин “Основы \nбетоноведения”, Санкт-Петербург, \nРоссия, изд.Строй-Бетон, 2006, 692 с.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Л.И.Дворкин, О.Л.Дворкин “Основы Doct. Prof. Ysherov-Marshak A.\"}, {\"0\": \"бетоноведения”, Санкт-Петербург,\"}, {\"0\": \"Россия, изд.Строй-Бетон, 2006, 692 с.ISBN 590319702-7\"}, {\"0\": \"ABSTRACT\"}, {\"0\": \"There are enlightened basic aspects of scientific concrete science. There is given summary of\"}, {\"0\": \"modern ideas about hardening and structure-forming of cement stone and concrete, rheological\"}, {\"0\": \"and technological properties of concrete mixes, strength, strainand other properties, which\"}, {\"0\": \"determine concrete operate reliability and durability. There are considered basic types of normal\"}, {\"0\": \"weight cement concrete, lightweight and cellular concrete, non-cement mineral binders concrete,\"}, {\"0\": \"mortars.\"}, {\"0\": \"The book is addressed to students and post-graduate students of construction specialties of higher\"}, {\"0\": \"educational establishments, scientists and technologists.\"}, {\"0\": \"BASIC MONOGRAPHS OF AUTHORS\"}, {\"0\": \"1. L.I.Dvorkin \\\"Optimum Design of Concrete Mixtures\\\", Lvov, Vusha Skola, 1981, 159 p. (Rus.)\"}, {\"0\": \"2. L.I.Dvorkin,.V.I.Solomatov, V.N. Vurovoi, S.M.Chydnovski \\\"Cement Concrete with Mineral\"}, {\"0\": \"Admixtures\\\", Kiev, Bydivelnik, 1991, 137 p. (Rus.)\"}, {\"0\": \"3. L.I.Dvorkin, O.L.Dvorkin \\\"Effective Cement - Ash Concrete\\\", Rivne, Eden, 1999, 195 p. (Rus.)\"}, {\"0\": \"4. O.L.Dvorkin \\\"Design of Concrete Mixtures. (Bases of Theory and Methodology)\\\", Rivne,\"}, {\"0\": \"NUWMNR, 2003, 265 p. (Rus.)\"}, {\"0\": \"5. V.I.Bolshakov, L.I.Dvorkin \\\"Building Materials\\\", Dniepropetrovsk, Dnipro-VAL, 2004, 677 p. (Rus.)\"}, {\"0\": \"6. V.I.Bolshakov, L.I.Dvorkin, O.L.Dvorkin \\\" Bases of Theory and Methodology of Multi-Parametrical\"}, {\"0\": \"Design of Concrete Mixtures\\\", Dniepropetrovsk, PGASA, 2006, 360 p. (Rus.)\"}, {\"0\": \"7. L.I.Dvorkin, O.L.Dvorkin \\\" Building materials from wastes of industry\\\", Rostov-na-Dony, Phenics,\"}, {\"0\": \"2007, 363 p. (Rus.)2\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0002.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 3, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n3\nForeword\nIntroduction\n1. Concrete. Raw materials\n1.1. Concrete. General\n1.2. Binders. Classification. Nature of binding properties\n1.3. Portland cement and its types\n1.4. Hydraulic non Portland cement binders\n1.5. Concrete aggregates\n1.6. Admixtures\n1.7. Mixing water\n2. Concrete mixtures\n2.1. Structure and rheological properties\n2.2. Technological properties of concrete mixtures\n2.3. Consolidating (compaction) concrete\n3. Concrete hardening and structure-forming\n3.1. Hardening and structure of cement stone\n3.2. Influence of aggregates on forming of concrete structure\n3.3. Influence of admixtures on concrete structure forming\n3.4. Optimization of concrete structure\n4. Concrete strength\n4.1. Theories of strength and mechanism of destruction\n4.2. Law (rule) of water-cement ratio\n4.3. Adhesion between aggregates and cement stone\n4.4. Influence of terms and duration \nof hardening concrete\n4.5. Kinds of strength. Tests for concrete strength \n5. Deformations of concrete\n5.1. Concrete deformations at short-term load\n5.2. Concrete deformation at long-term load. Creep\n5.3. Own deformations. Concrete shrinkage\n6. Concrete resistance to temperature-humidity influence. \nCorrosion resistance\n6.1. Frost resistance of concrete\n6.2. Concrete resistance to temperature influences\n6.3. Permeability\n6.4. Corrosion resistance\n7. Design of normal concrete mixture\n7.1. General and tasks\n7.2. Selection of raw materials and admixtures\n7.3. Calculations of basic parameters of concrete mixture \ncomposition\n7.4. Correction of design concrete compositions\n8. Types of concrete\n8.1. Fine-grained concrete\n8.2. High-strength concrete\n8.3. Polymer-impregnated and polymer-cement concrete\n8.4. Fiber reinforced concrete\n8.5. Special concrete\n9. Light-weight concrete\n9.1. Concrete on non-organic porous aggregates\n9.2. Design of lightweight concrete with porous aggregates\n9.3. Concrete on the basis of organic \n(wood) aggregates\n9.4. No-fines and aerated concrete\n9.5. Cellular concrete\n10. Concrete on the basis of non-clinker binders. \nMortars and dry pack mixes \n10.1. Silicate concrete\n10.2. Slag and fly-ash concrete\n10.3. Slag-alkaline concrete\n10.4. Gypsum concrete\n10.5. Mortars\n10.6. Dry pack mixes\nCONTENTS\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"CONTENTS\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Foreword\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Introduction\", \"1\": \"6.2. Concrete resistance to temperature influences\"}, {\"0\": \"1. Concrete. Raw materials\", \"1\": \"6.3. Permeability\"}, {\"0\": \"1.1. Concrete. General\", \"1\": \"6.4. Corrosion resistance\"}, {\"0\": \"1.2. Binders. Classification. Nature of binding properties\", \"1\": \"7. Design of normal concrete mixture\"}, {\"0\": \"1.3. Portland cement and its types\", \"1\": \"7.1. General and tasks\"}, {\"0\": \"1.4. Hydraulic non Portland cement binders\", \"1\": \"7.2. Selection of raw materials and admixtures\"}, {\"0\": \"1.5. Concrete aggregates\", \"1\": \"7.3. Calculations of basic parameters of concrete mixture\"}, {\"0\": \"1.6. Admixtures\", \"1\": \"composition\"}, {\"0\": \"1.7. Mixing water\", \"1\": \"7.4. Correction of design concrete compositions\"}, {\"0\": \"2. Concrete mixtures\", \"1\": \"8. Types of concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"2.1. Structure and rheological properties\", \"1\": \"8.1. Fine-grained concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"2.2. Technological properties of concrete mixtures\", \"1\": \"8.2. High-strength concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"2.3. Consolidating (compaction) concrete\", \"1\": \"8.3. Polymer-impregnated and polymer-cement concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"3. Concrete hardening and structure-forming\", \"1\": \"8.4. Fiber reinforced concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"3.1. Hardening and structure of cement stone\", \"1\": \"8.5. Special concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"3.2. Influence of aggregates on forming of concrete structure\", \"1\": \"9. Light-weight concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"3.3. Influence of admixtures on concrete structure forming\", \"1\": \"9.1. Concrete on non-organic porous aggregates\"}, {\"0\": \"3.4. Optimization of concrete structure\", \"1\": \"9.2. Design of lightweight concrete with porous aggregates\"}, {\"0\": \"4. Concrete strength\", \"1\": \"9.3. Concrete on the basis of organic\"}, {\"0\": \"4.1. Theories of strength and mechanism of destruction\", \"1\": \"(wood) aggregates\"}, {\"0\": \"4.2. Law (rule) of water-cement ratio\", \"1\": \"9.4. No-fines and aerated concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"4.3. Adhesion between aggregates and cement stone\", \"1\": \"9.5. Cellular concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"4.4. Influence of terms and duration\", \"1\": \"10. Concrete on the basis of non-clinker binders.\"}, {\"0\": \"of hardening concrete\", \"1\": \"Mortars and dry pack mixes\"}, {\"0\": \"4.5. Kinds of strength. Tests for concrete strength\", \"1\": \"10.1. Silicate concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"5. Deformations of concrete\", \"1\": \"10.2. Slag and fly-ash concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"5.1. Concrete deformations at short-term load\", \"1\": \"10.3. Slag-alkaline concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"5.2. Concrete deformation at long-term load. Creep\", \"1\": \"10.4. Gypsum concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"5.3. Own deformations. Concrete shrinkage\", \"1\": \"10.5. Mortars\"}, {\"0\": \"6. Concrete resistance to temperature-humidity influence.\", \"1\": \"10.6. Dry pack mixes\"}, {\"0\": \"Corrosion resistance\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"6.1. Frost resistance of concrete\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0003.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 4, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n4\nLeonid Dvorkin – Honored worker of science and technics of Ukraine, academician of \nAcademy of Civil Engineering of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor, Head \nof Department of Building Material Science of National University of Water Management \nand Nature Resources (Ukraine).\nProf. L. Dvorkin is an author of a series of researches, monographs, manuals, textbooks \nand reference books.\nHis researches and scientific works are mainly devoted to chemistry and technology of \nbinders and concrete, saving of resources in building materials production.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0004.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 5, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n5\nOleg Dvorkin– Doctor of Technical Science, Professor of Department of Building\nMaterial Science of National University of Water Management and Nature Resources \n(Ukraine).\nO. Dvorkin is an author of a series of researches, monographs and textbooks. His \nresearches and scientific works are mainly devoted to concrete technology and saving \nresources in building materials production.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Oleg Dvorkin– Doctor of Technical Science, Professor of Department of Building\"}, {\"0\": \"Material Science of National University of Water Management and Nature Resources\"}, {\"0\": \"(Ukraine).\"}, {\"0\": \"O. Dvorkin is an author of a series of researches, monographs and textbooks. His\"}, {\"0\": \"researches and scientific works are mainly devoted to concrete technology and saving\"}, {\"0\": \"resources in building materials production.\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0005.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 6, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n6\nREFERENCE\non the manuscript of book\nof Doct. of Tech. Science, Prof. L. Dvorkin and\nDoct. of Tech. Science O. Dvorkin \n“Basics of Concrete Science”\nBy now concrete science became one of the fundamental material \nsciences, at which modern construction technology is based. A large \nbody of literature is devoted to certain problems and sections of \nconcrete science.\nIn this connection famous monographs of V. Ramachandran, A. \nNeville, F. Lee, A. Sheykin and other authors should be mentioned. \nChapter “Concrete science” in educational literature is adduced in \nmanuals on concrete and reinforced concrete technology (manuals of \nO.Gershberg, Y.Bazhenov etc.).\nTherewith wide theoretical and empirical date have been accrued till \npresent time that makes preparation of the books with recital of general \nessentials of concrete science as independent discipline order of the \nday. Discipline subject is studying of concrete structure and properties \nof different types and influence of various factors on them.\nAuthors of the book under review attempted to solve this problem. \nThe book consists of 10 chapters, comprising main subjects of material \nscience and enlighting qualitative peculiarities of raw materials and \nadmixtures, chemical and physical processes in concrete structure \nforming, complex of concrete properties which characterize concrete \ndurability, types of cement and mostly wide-spread non-cement \nconcrete and mortars. Distinctive features of the book accessible and in \nthe same time deep enough recital of the data, generalization of wide \nexperimental data, accent on the problems of forecasting and \nmanagement of concrete properties, their proportioning.\nTo our opinion the book appeared to be “full-blooded” and original. \nAlong with classical statements there are enlightened modern data and \nconceptions.\nDoct. of Tech. Science, Professor, Director of Scientific and \nResearch Institute of Binding Materials at Kiev National University \nof Civil Engineering and Architecture \nP.V. KRIVENKO\nREFERENCE\non the manuscript of book\nof Doct. of Tech. Science, Prof. L. Dvorkin and\nDoct. of Tech. Science O. Dvorkin \n“Basics of Concrete Science”\nBasically concrete science is engineering science, development \nof which greatly defines a level of modern construction technology. \nThe series of editions educational chiefly prepared by professors \nB.G. Scramtaev, Y.M. Bazhenov and others are devoted to recitals\nof concrete science essentials. Therewith dynamic development of\nconcrete science in recent years causes necessity of preparation\nthe works, where modern theoretical essentials of that science \nwould be generalized and accessibly stated. The book prepared by\nfamous specialists Doctors of Technical Science, Professors \nL.Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin subserves this purpose.\nTherewith it should be mentioned that the book presented can be \nconsidered as in-depth course of concrete science basics which \ncan be useful for wide readership – students, post-graduate \nstudents, scientists and technologists.\nStructure of the course suggested is appeared to be straight \nenough; authors sequentially enlighten peculiarities of raw \nmaterials, rheological and technological properties of concrete \nmixes, issues of concrete structure forming, its influence on \nstrength, deformability, concrete resistance to physical and \nchemical aggression effect. There are discovered interestingly and \ndeeply enough the issues of concrete creep and shrinkage.\nAccessible logical recital, wide range of the problems \nenlightened, generalization of wide experimental data obtained by \nlarge group of researchers including the authors themselves, high \nlevel of using diagrams, tables, quantitative dependences are \ncharacteristic for the book under reference. \nHonoured worker of science of Russia, Academician of \nRussian Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering \nScience, Doct. of Tech. Science, Professor of the department \n“Building Materials and Technologies” of St-Petersburg State \nUniversity of communication lines \nP.G. KOMOHOV\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"on the manuscript of book\", \"1\": \"on the manuscript of book\"}, {\"0\": \"of Doct. of Tech. Science, Prof. L. Dvorkin and\", \"1\": \"of Doct. of Tech. Science, Prof. L. Dvorkin and\"}, {\"0\": \"Doct. of Tech. Science O. Dvorkin\", \"1\": \"Doct. of Tech. Science O. Dvorkin\"}, {\"0\": \"“Basics of Concrete Science”\", \"1\": \"“Basics of Concrete Science”\"}, {\"0\": \"By now concrete science became one of the fundamental material\", \"1\": \"Basically concrete science is engineering science, development\"}, {\"0\": \"sciences, at which modern construction technology is based. A large\", \"1\": \"of which greatly defines a level of modern construction technology.\"}, {\"0\": \"body of literature is devoted to certain problems and sections of\", \"1\": \"The series of editions educational chiefly prepared by professors\"}, {\"0\": \"concrete science.\", \"1\": \"B.G. Scramtaev, Y.M. Bazhenov and others are devoted to recitals\"}, {\"0\": \"In this connection famous monographs of V. Ramachandran, A.\", \"1\": \"of concrete science essentials. Therewith dynamic development of\"}, {\"0\": \"Neville, F. Lee, A. Sheykin and other authors should be mentioned.\", \"1\": \"concrete science in recent years causes necessity of preparation\"}, {\"0\": \"Chapter “Concrete science” in educational literature is adduced in\", \"1\": \"the works, where modern theoretical essentials of that science\"}, {\"0\": \"manuals on concrete and reinforced concrete technology (manuals of\", \"1\": \"would be generalized and accessibly stated. The book prepared by\"}, {\"0\": \"O.Gershberg, Y.Bazhenov etc.).\", \"1\": \"famous specialists Doctors of Technical Science, Professors\"}, {\"0\": \"Therewith wide theoretical and empirical date have been accrued till\", \"1\": \"L.Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin subserves this purpose.\"}, {\"0\": \"present time that makes preparation of the books with recital of general\", \"1\": \"Therewith it should be mentioned that the book presented can be\"}, {\"0\": \"essentials of concrete science as independent discipline order of the\", \"1\": \"considered as in-depth course of concrete science basics which\"}, {\"0\": \"day. Discipline subject is studying of concrete structure and properties\", \"1\": \"can be useful for wide readership – students, post-graduate\"}, {\"0\": \"of different types and influence of various factors on them.\", \"1\": \"students, scientists and technologists.\"}, {\"0\": \"Authors of the book under review attempted to solve this problem.\", \"1\": \"Structure of the course suggested is appeared to be straight\"}, {\"0\": \"The book consists of 10 chapters, comprising main subjects of material\", \"1\": \"enough; authors sequentially enlighten peculiarities of raw\"}, {\"0\": \"science and enlighting qualitative peculiarities of raw materials and\", \"1\": \"materials, rheological and technological properties of concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"admixtures, chemical and physical processes in concrete structure\", \"1\": \"mixes, issues of concrete structure forming, its influence on\"}, {\"0\": \"forming, complex of concrete properties which characterize concrete\", \"1\": \"strength, deformability, concrete resistance to physical and\"}, {\"0\": \"durability, types of cement and mostly wide-spread non-cement\", \"1\": \"chemical aggression effect. There are discovered interestingly and\"}, {\"0\": \"concrete and mortars. Distinctive features of the book accessible and in\", \"1\": \"deeply enough the issues of concrete creep and shrinkage.\"}, {\"0\": \"the same time deep enough recital of the data, generalization of wide\", \"1\": \"Accessible logical recital, wide range of the problems\"}, {\"0\": \"experimental data, accent on the problems of forecasting and\", \"1\": \"enlightened, generalization of wide experimental data obtained by\"}, {\"0\": \"management of concrete properties, their proportioning.\", \"1\": \"large group of researchers including the authors themselves, high\"}, {\"0\": \"To our opinion the book appeared to be “full-blooded” and original.\", \"1\": \"level of using diagrams, tables, quantitative dependences are\"}, {\"0\": \"Along with classical statements there are enlightened modern data and\", \"1\": \"characteristic for the book under reference.\"}, {\"0\": \"conceptions.\", \"1\": \"Honoured worker of science of Russia, Academician of\"}, {\"0\": \"Doct. of Tech. Science, Professor, Director of Scientific and\", \"1\": \"Russian Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering\"}, {\"0\": \"Research Institute of Binding Materials at Kiev National University\", \"1\": \"Science, Doct. of Tech. Science, Professor of the department\"}, {\"0\": \"of Civil Engineering and Architecture\", \"1\": \"“Building Materials and Technologies” of St-Petersburg State\"}, {\"0\": \"P.V. KRIVENKO\", \"1\": \"University of communication lines\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"P.G. KOMOHOV\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0006.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 7, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n7\nFOREWORD\nL. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"FOREWORD\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"L. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"7\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0007.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 8, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n8\nModern concrete science is dynamically developed applied science which subject \nis studying of structure and properties of the composite materials received at \nhardening of binders and aggregates. \nThe primary goal of concrete science is working out the theory of producing of \nconcrete with given properties, maintenance of their working capacity and \nnecessary durability in structures and constructions at influence of service \nfactors.\nConsidering many-sided nature of concrete science, huge luggage of theoretical \nworkings out and the practical experience, saved up by present time, the \nstatement of concrete science essentials is an uneasy problem. \nBy preparation of the book authors pursued the goal to shine well and at the \nsame time without excessive simplification such sections of concrete science as \nstructure of a cement stone and concrete, its basic properties and types, design \nof concrete mixtures. Principal views of noncement concrete and mortars are \nconsidered in short also.\nThe offered book as authors hope, can be used not only by students of building \nspecialities of universities, but also to be useful to post-graduate students, \nscientists, a wide range of technologists.\nAuthors are grateful to reviewers: Prof. P.Komohov, Prof. P. Krivenko and Prof. \nA.Ysherov-Marshak for valuable advices and remarks; and also PhD \nN.Lyshnikova who have assisted in preparation of presentation.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Modern concrete science is dynamically developed applied science which subject\"}, {\"0\": \"is studying of structure and properties of the composite materials received at\"}, {\"0\": \"hardening of binders and aggregates.\"}, {\"0\": \"The primary goal of concrete science is working out the theory of producing of\"}, {\"0\": \"concrete with given properties, maintenance of their working capacity and\"}, {\"0\": \"necessary durability in structures and constructions at influence of service\"}, {\"0\": \"factors.\"}, {\"0\": \"Considering many-sided nature of concrete science, huge luggage of theoretical\"}, {\"0\": \"workings out and the practical experience, saved up by present time, the\"}, {\"0\": \"statement of concrete science essentials is an uneasy problem.\"}, {\"0\": \"By preparation of the book authors pursued the goal to shine well and at the\"}, {\"0\": \"same time without excessive simplification such sections of concrete science as\"}, {\"0\": \"structure of a cement stone and concrete, its basic properties and types, design\"}, {\"0\": \"of concrete mixtures. Principal views of noncement concrete and mortars are\"}, {\"0\": \"considered in short also.\"}, {\"0\": \"The offered book as authors hope, can be used not only by students of building\"}, {\"0\": \"specialities of universities, but also to be useful to post-graduate students,\"}, {\"0\": \"scientists, a wide range of technologists.\"}, {\"0\": \"Authors are grateful to reviewers: Prof. P.Komohov, Prof. P. Krivenko and Prof.\"}, {\"0\": \"A.Ysherov-Marshak for valuable advices and remarks; and also PhD\"}, {\"0\": \"N.Lyshnikova who have assisted in preparation of presentation. 8\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0008.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 9, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n9\nINTRODUCTION.\nSHORT HISTORICAL ESSAY\nL. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"INTRODUCTION.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"SHORT HISTORICAL ESSAY\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"L. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"9\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0009.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 10, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n10\nConcrete science is a science about concrete, its types, structure and \nproperties, environmental impact on it. Concrete science develops in process of \ndevelopment of construction technology, improving of experimental methods of \nresearch.\nConcrete application in civil engineering can be divided conventionally into \nsome stages: \n1. The antique\n2. Application of a hydraulic lime and Roman cement.\n3. Portland cement technology formation and plain concrete application.\n4. Mass application of concrete for manufacturing of reinforced concrete \nconstructions.\n5. Application of concrete for manufacturing of prestressed and precast \nreinforced concrete constructions \n6. Wide use of concrete of the various types modified by admixtures.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"development of construction technology, improving of experimental methods of\"}, {\"0\": \"research.\"}, {\"0\": \"Concrete application in civil engineering can be divided conventionally into\"}, {\"0\": \"some stages:\"}, {\"0\": \"1. The antique\"}, {\"0\": \"2. Application of a hydraulic lime and Roman cement.\"}, {\"0\": \"3. Portland cement technology formation and plain concrete application.\"}, {\"0\": \"4. Mass application of concrete for manufacturing of reinforced concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"constructions.\"}, {\"0\": \"5.Application of concrete for manufacturing of prestressed and precast\"}, {\"0\": \"reinforced concrete constructions\"}, {\"0\": \"6. Wide use of concrete of the various types modified by admixtures.\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0010.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 11, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n11\n1. Antique concrete\nFig.1. Pantheon in Rome. \nConcrete domical building 43 m high (115-125 A.D.)\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0011.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 12, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n12\n2. Pioneer research of cement concrete\nFig.2. A. Le Shatelye (1850-1936)\nThe author of crystallization \ntheory of binders hardening \nFig.3. D. Mendeleev (1834-1907) \nThe great Russian chemist. \nHe has investigated a series of issues \nof cement chemistry\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"2. Pioneer research of cement concrete\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Fig.2. A. Le Shatelye (1850-1936)\", \"1\": \"Fig.3. D. Mendeleev (1834-1907)\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"The author of crystallization\", \"1\": \"The great Russian chemist.\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"theory of binders hardening\", \"1\": \"He has investigated a series of issues\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"of cement chemistry\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"12\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0012.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 13, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n13\nFig.4. A. Shulyachenko (1841-1903) \nThe author of a series of famous works \non hardening theory \nof hydraulic binders, concrete corrosion\nFig.5. N. Beleluskiy (1845-1922) \nThe author of a series of famous \nworks on methods of cement and \nconcrete testing, design of reinforced \nconcrete constructions\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Fig.5. N. Beleluskiy (1845-1922)\"}, {\"0\": \"Fig.4. A. Shulyachenko (1841-1903)\", \"1\": \"The author of a series of famous\"}, {\"0\": \"The author of a series of famous works\", \"1\": \"works on methods of cement and\"}, {\"0\": \"on hardening theory\", \"1\": \"concrete testing, design of reinforced\"}, {\"0\": \"of hydraulic binders, concrete corrosion\", \"1\": \"concrete constructions\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0013.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 14, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n14\n3. “Golden age” of concrete\nFig.6. Roofed swimming pool, Hebveiler, France (1896) \nFig.7. Roofed market, Munich, Germany (1912)\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0014.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 15, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n15\n \nFig.8. Central railway station, Leipzig, \nGermany (1915) \nFig.9. Exhibition hall, Brunn, Czech \nRepublik (1928)\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}], [{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0015.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 16, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n16\nFig.10. Empire State Building, New-York, \nUSA (1931) 381 m high \nFig.11. Moscow subway station “Red Gates”. Monolithic concrete. \nThe platform is ingrown 32.8 m (1935)\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Fig.11. Moscow subway station “Red Gates”. Monolithic concrete.\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"The platform is ingrown 32.8 m (1935)\"}, {\"0\": \"Fig.10. Empire State Building, New-York,\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"USA (1931) 381 m high\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"16\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0016.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 17, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n17\n \nFig.12. Concrete dam at Dnieper hydroelectric plant (1932)\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0017.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 18, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n18\nFig.13. Concrete dam at Sayano-Shushenskaya \nhydroelectric plant (1982)\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"20\": \"\", \"21\": \"\", \"22\": \"\", \"23\": \"\", \"24\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0018.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 19, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n19\nFig. 14. Ostankino television \ntower, Moscow, more than \n530 m high (1967) \nFig.15. Project of reinforced \nconcrete petroleum extraction \nplatform \nф\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Fig.15. Project of reinforced\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"concrete petroleum extraction\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"platform\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"ф\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Fig. 14. Ostankino television\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"tower, Moscow, more than\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"530 m high (1967)\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"19\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0019.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 20, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n20\n4. Concrete of ХХІ century\nIn ХХI century concrete has entered as the basic building material appreciably \ndefining level of a modern civilization. The world volume of application of \nconcrete has reached 2 billion m3. Advantages of concrete are an unlimited \nraw-material base and rather low cost, an environmental acceptance, \napplication possibility in various performance conditions and achievements of \nhigh architectonic-building expressiveness, availability of technology and \npossibility of maintenance of high level of mechanization and automation of \nproduction processes, which cause attractiveness of this material and its \nleading positions on foreseeable prospect. Achievements concrete science and \nconcrete technologies allow to project by present time concrete, products and \ndesigns with demanded properties, to predict and operate its properties.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"4. Concrete of ХХІ century\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"In ХХI century concrete has entered as the basic building material appreciably\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"defining\", \"1\": \"level of a modern civilization. The world volume of application of\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"concrete has reached 2 billion m3. Advantages of concrete are an unlimited\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"raw-material\", \"1\": \"base\", \"2\": \"and\", \"3\": \"rather\", \"4\": \"low\", \"5\": \"cost,\", \"6\": \"an\", \"7\": \"environmental\", \"8\": \"acceptance,\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"application possibility in various performance conditions and achievements of\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"high\", \"1\": \"architectonic-building\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"expressiveness,\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"availability\", \"7\": \"of\", \"8\": \"technology and\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"possibility of maintenance of high level of mechanization and automation of\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"production processes, which cause attractiveness of\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"this material and its\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"leading positions on foreseeable prospect. Achievements concrete science and\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"concrete technologies allow to project by present time concrete, products and\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"designs with demanded properties, to predict and operate its properties.\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0020.png"} |
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