| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 83, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n83\n4.4. Influence of terms and duration \nof hardening concrete\nConcrete strength in definite age is determined in accordance with \nSkramtaev formula:\n(4.10)\n \n \n \n,\n28\nlg\nn\nlg\nR\nR\n28\nn =\nwhere n – duration \nof concrete \nhardening, R28 –\nconcrete strength at \n28 days.\n \nFig. 4.6. Increasing of strength of concrete (R) \nin wet (1) and dry (2) conditions \nAge \n28 days 1 year 2 \n 4 \n 6 \n11 years \nR, MPa\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Concrete strength in definite age is determined in accordance with\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Skramtaev formula:\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"lg\", \"6\": \"n\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"R\", \"2\": \"n =\", \"3\": \"R\", \"4\": \"28\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \",\", \"8\": \"(4.10)\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"lg\", \"6\": \"28\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"R, MPa\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"where n – duration\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"of concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"hardening, R28 –\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"concrete strength at\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"28 days.\"}], []]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0083.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 84, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n84\nFig. 4.7. Increasing of strength of fresh concrete during 28 \ndays at temperature (t) from +20 to –100C \n \nCompressive strength, % \nof 28 day concrete \n \nTemperature of curing, 0C \nFig. 4.8. Typical relationship between strength\nand duration of curing for different conditions: \n1- moist (normal) curing; 2- curing in live stream a\natmospheric pressure (800C max. steam temperature)\n3- curing in high-pressure-steam autoclaves \n \nAge, days \nCompressive strength, % of 28-day \nmoist (normal) - cured concrete\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"of 28 day concrete\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}], [{\"0\": \"Compressive strength, % of 28-day moist (normal) - cured concrete\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0084.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 85, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n85\n4.5. Kinds of strength. Tests for concrete strength\nThe main kind of strength concrete is compressive strength that \ncorrelates with tensile strength, shear strength, flexural strength \nand other kinds of strength.\nThe values of concrete strength are greatly influenced by the \nfeatures of tester machines, conditions of test, and form of \nspecimens.\nVarious nondestructive tests (rebound, penetration, pullout, \nvibration and other methods) are widely used in practice for \ndetermination of strength of hardened concrete based on \nrelationship between strength and indirect evaluations.\nFor strength evaluation of hardened concrete by nondestructive \nmethods calibration charts are used, which related by measured \nindirect evaluation to the compressive strength of concrete.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"The main kind of strength concrete is compressive strength that\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"correlates with tensile strength, shear strength, flexural strength\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"and other kinds of strength.\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"The values of concrete strength are greatly influenced by the\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"features of\", \"1\": \"tester machines, conditions of\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"test, and\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"form of\"}, {\"0\": \"specimens.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Various\", \"1\": \"nondestructive\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"tests\", \"4\": \"(rebound,\", \"5\": \"penetration,\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"pullout,\"}, {\"0\": \"vibration and other methods) are widely used\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"in practice\", \"7\": \"for\"}, {\"0\": \"determination\", \"1\": \"of\", \"2\": \"strength\", \"3\": \"of\", \"4\": \"hardened\", \"5\": \"concrete\", \"6\": \"based\", \"7\": \"on\"}, {\"0\": \"relationship between strength and indirect evaluations.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"For strength evaluation of hardened concrete by nondestructive\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"methods calibration charts are used, which related by measured\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"indirect evaluation to the compressive strength of concrete.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0085.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 86, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n86\nFig. 4.9. Typical relationship between flexural \nstrength Rfl (curve 1), tensile strength Rtn (curve 2) \nand compressive strength (Rcmp) of concrete \nRfl, Rtn, MPa \nRcmp, MPa\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Rfl, Rtn, MPa\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Rcmp, MPa\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Fig. 4.9. Typical\", \"1\": \"relationship between\", \"2\": \"flexural\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"strength Rfl (curve 1), tensile strength Rtn (curve 2)\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"and compressive strength (Rcmp) of concrete\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"86\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0086.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 87, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nCHAPTER 5\nDEFORMATIONS OF \nCONCRETE\nL. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"CHAPTER 5\"}, {\"0\": \"DEFORMATIONS OF\"}, {\"0\": \"CONCRETE\"}, {\"0\": \"L. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0087.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 88, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n88\nDeformations of concrete arise up at hardening, exploitation and test of \nconcrete.\nTwo kinds of deformations of concrete are: \n1. Deformations due to applied external loads (power deformations); \n2. Deformations due to volume changes under influencing of changes in \ntemperature and moisture content (own deformations).\n5.1. Concrete deformations at short-term load\nConcrete Performance in constructions is determined by elastic and plastic \ndeformations.\nComplete deformation of concrete at a definite age of hardening (ετ) is \ncalculated by the equation:\n(5.1)\n \n \n,\nshr\npl\nel\nε\n+\nε\n+\nε\n=\nετ\nwhere εel - elastic deformation; εpl - plastic deformation; \nεshr - deformation of shrinkage.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Deformations of concrete arise up at hardening, exploitation and test of\"}, {\"0\": \"concrete.\"}, {\"0\": \"Two kinds of deformations of concrete are:\"}, {\"0\": \"1. Deformations due to applied external loads (power deformations);\"}, {\"0\": \"2. Deformations due to volume changes under influencing of changes in\"}, {\"0\": \"temperature and moisture content (own deformations).\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0088.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 89, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n89\nOn \nthe \nidealized \nchart \nof \ncompression of cement stone it \nis possible to select three basic \nareas: a-b- absence of cracks in \nthe structure of cement stone; b-\nc-\nappearance of microscopic \ncracks; \nс-d-\ndestruction \nof \ncement stone as a result of \nspontaneous \nformation \nof \ngrowing cracks.\nFig. 5.1. The idealized chart of \ndeformations in cement stone at the \naxial compression (at rapid loading) \nε - deformation; σ - stress \nFor description of cement stone \nand concrete deformation under \nloading a number of rheological\nmodels are offered.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"On the idealized\", \"1\": \"chart of\"}, {\"0\": \"compression of cement stone it\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"is possible to select three basic\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"areas: a-b- absence of cracks in\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"the structure of cement stone; b-\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"c-appearance\", \"1\": \"of microscopic\"}, {\"0\": \"cracks; с-d-\", \"1\": \"destruction of\"}, {\"0\": \"cement stone\", \"1\": \"as a result of\"}, {\"0\": \"spontaneous\", \"1\": \"formation of\"}, {\"0\": \"growing cracks.\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0089.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 90, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n90\nFig. 5.2. Typical relationship between \nmodulus of elasticity Ec.s , strength of \ncement stone Rc.s and cement-water \nratio (C/W) \nChange of Rc.s or Ec.s \nC/W \n1.5 \n4.0 \nEc.s \nRc.s \nThere is a large number of \nformulas \ndescribing \nelastic \nproperties of concrete. Their \nkind depends on the accepted \nmodel of stresses distributing,\ncharacter \nof \nlocation \nof \naggregates particles and other \nreasons.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Change of Rc.s or Ec.s Ec.s Rc.s 4.0 1.5 C/W\", \"1\": \"\"}], []]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0090.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 91, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n91\nModulus of concrete elasticity (E) depends on concrete strength. For \ncalculation of the modulus of elasticity at loading of concrete at age of \nhardening (τ) following equations are using:\n(5.2)\n \n \n \n,\nR\nS\nR\nE\nE\nm\nτ\nτ\n+\n=\nwhere Rτ - compressive strength (MPa) of concrete specimens - cubes \nafter definite age of hardening (τ); Em and S – constant values \n(Em = 52000; S = 23).\nFollowing equation is recommended by a European concrete \ncommittee:\n(5.3)\n \n \n,\n)\nR\n(\nС\nE\nγ\nτ\n=\nwhere C=1900; γ = 0.5.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Modulus of concrete elasticity (E) depends on concrete strength.For\"}, {\"0\": \"calculation of the modulus of elasticity at loading of concrete at age of\"}, {\"0\": \"hardening (τ) following equations are using:\"}, {\"0\": \"ERm\"}, {\"0\": \"E, (5.2)=\"}, {\"0\": \"ττSR+\"}, {\"0\": \"- compressive strength (MPa) of concrete specimens - cubes where Rτ\"}, {\"0\": \"after definite age of hardening (τ); Em and S – constant values\"}, {\"0\": \"(Em = 52000; S = 23).\"}, {\"0\": \"Following equation is recommended by a European concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"committee:\"}, {\"0\": \"γE)R(С, (5.3)=\"}, {\"0\": \"τ\"}, {\"0\": \"where C=1900; γ = 0.5.\"}, {\"0\": \"91\"}]]\n\n[FORMULAS]\nγ = 0", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0091.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 92, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n92\nIn the case of high-quality aggregates (crushed granite and quartz sand) \nusing, as it is shown by E.Sherbakov the following formula can be used:\n(5.4)\n \n \n \n,\nR\nР\n85\nR\n3.5\n10\nЕ\ns.c\n4\nτ\nτ\n−\n+\n=\n⋅\nwhere Pc.s - quantity of cement stone in the concrete (by mass).\nElastic properties of concrete can be characterized by static modulus of \nelasticity (E) and by dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) which taking into \naccount stresses and strains in specimen at vibrations.\nRelationship between dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) and \ncompressive strength of concrete (Rcmp) is expressed by following \nformula:\n(5.5)\n \n \n \n. \nR\n07\n.0\n1\nR\n10\n4\nЕ\ncmp\ncmp\n3\nd\n+\n⋅\n=\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Р85R+s.c\", \"1\": \"τ\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"where Pc.s - quantity of cement stone in the concrete (by mass).\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Elastic properties of concrete can be characterized by static modulus of\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"elasticity (E) and by dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) which taking into\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"account stresses and strains in specimen at vibrations.\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Relationship between\", \"1\": \"dynamic modulus\", \"2\": \"of elasticity\", \"3\": \"and (Ed)\"}, {\"0\": \"compressive strength of concrete\", \"1\": \"(Rcmp)\", \"2\": \"is expressed by\", \"3\": \"following\"}, {\"0\": \"formula:\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0092.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 93, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n93\nFig. \n5.3. \nRelationship \nbetween \nthe \ndynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) and \ncompressive strength \n \nFig. 5.4. Ratio between static modulus of \nelasticity (E) and dynamic modulus of \nelasticity (Ed)\nfor different strength of \nconcrete \nModulus of elasticity Ed, \n103 MPa \n Strength of concrete, MPa \n Strength of concrete, MPa \nRatio between the modules, E/Ed\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Modulus of elasticity Ed, 103 MPa\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}], [{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0093.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 94, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n94\nRelative deformation (εr) is a ratio between tensile strength (Rt) and \ndynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed):\n(5.6)\n \n \n \n.\nЕ\n/\nR\nd\nt\nr =\nε\nAt the time of laboratory testing the value of relative deformation (εr) \ncan be calculated if compressive (Rcmp) and tensile (Rt) strength (MPa) \nare known:\n(5.7)\n \n.\nR\n10\n4\n)\nR\n07\n.0\n1(\nR\ncmp\n3\ncmp\nt\nr\n⋅\n+\n=\nε\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Relative deformation (εr) is a ratio between tensile strength (Rt) and\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed):\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \".Е/Rεr =td\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"(5.6)\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"At the time of laboratory testing the value of relative deformation (εr)\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"can be calculated if compressive (Rcmp) and tensile (Rt) strength (MPa)\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"are known:\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"1(R+t\", \"1\": \".0\", \"2\": \"R07\", \"3\": \"cmp\", \"4\": \")\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"ε=r\", \"1\": \"3\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \".\", \"6\": \"(5.7)\"}, {\"0\": \"4⋅\", \"1\": \"10\", \"2\": \"R\", \"3\": \"cmp\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"94\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0094.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 95, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n95\n5.2. Concrete deformations at long-term load. Creep\nRelationship between loading and deformations in concrete changes with \ntime the concrete is stressed. Deformation of concrete caused by long -\ntime loading is called creep.\nThere is a number of hypotheses which considering the mechanism of \ncreep deformations under action of the external loading.\nFig. 5.5. Relationship between time-dependent \ndeformation of creep of concrete (ε) and stresses (σ)\nAge, days \nε/σ \nσ1>σ2>σ3 \nσ1 \nσ2 \nσ3\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"σ3 σ1>σ2>σ3 Age, days\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0095.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 96, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n96\nFig. 5.6. Kinds of time-dependent deformations of \nconcrete at action of continuous loading \n \nDeformation \nAge of loading \nGeneral deformation \nCreep \nShrinkage \nElastic \ndeformation\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"General deformation\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Creep\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Deformation\", \"1\": \"Shrinkage\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Elastic\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"deformation\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Age of loading\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Fig. 5.6. Kinds of time-dependent deformations of\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"concrete at action of continuous loading\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"96\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0096.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 97, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n97\nSome calculating formulas for determination of creep (Cm(28)) \nof normal-weight concrete (age of loading 28 days)\nFormula \nAuthor \n(5.8)\n \n \n,\nR\nК\nС\ncmp\n)\n28\n(\nm\n=\n \nRcmp- compressive strength (MPa) of concrete specimens \n- cubes after 28 days of hardening, MPa; К=25.10-5 \nA.Velmi \n(5.9)\n \n \n,\nR\nКW\nС\ncmp\n)\n28\n(\nm\n=\n \nW- quantity of water, liters per cubic meter; К= 16.10-6 \nE.Sherbakov \n Deformation of creep at definite age of loading (Cm(τ)) can be calculated as \na follows:\n(5.10)\n \n \n,\nC\nС\nr\n)\n28\n(\nm\n)\n( \nm\nτ\nθ\nτ\nξ\nξ\nξ\n=\nwhere Cm(28) – deformation of creep at 28 days loading; \nξ ξ ξ\nθ\nτ\nr\n- coefficients taking into account influencing of size of unit, \nhumidity of environment and age of concrete in the moment of \nloading began.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"of normal-weight concrete (age of loading 28 days)\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"RКFormula К С, (5.8)=(m28)RcmpRcmp- compressive strength (MPa) of concrete specimens - cubes after 28 days of hardening, MPa; К=25.10-5 W С, (5.9)=(m28)cmpW- quantity of water, liters per cubic meter; К= 16.10-6\", \"1\": \"Author A.Velmi E.Sherbakov\"}], [{\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"A.Velmi\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"E.Sherbakov\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0097.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 98, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n98\nAlso, deformation of creep at definite age of loading (Cm(τ)) is obtained by use \nof the following formula:\n(5.11)\n \n \n),\nа\n(\nC\nC\n(max)\nm\n)\n(\nm\nτ\n+\nτ\n=\nτ\nwhere а – age of loading; τ - age of concrete hardening; \nCm(max) – maximally possible creep.\nAfter rapid deformation at the beginning of load, deformation of creep \ncontinues at a decreasing rate.\nAmount of creep depends on the technological reasons and reasons\ncharacterizing conditions of loading.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Also, deformation of creep at definite age of loading (Cm(τ)) is obtained by use\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"of the following formula:\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"τ\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"C\", \"1\": \"(m\", \"2\": \"τ\", \"3\": \")\", \"4\": \"=\", \"5\": \"C\", \"6\": \"m\", \"7\": \"(max)\", \"8\": \"(\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"),\", \"12\": \"(5.11)\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"а\", \"10\": \"τ+\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"where а – age of loading; τ - age of concrete hardening;\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Cm(max) – maximally possible creep.\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"After rapid deformation at the beginning of load, deformation of creep\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"continues at a decreasing rate.\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Amount of creep depends on the technological reasons and reasons\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"characterizing conditions of loading.\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"98\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0098.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 99, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n99\nFig.5.7. Effect of conditions of loading on magnitude of creep \nfor typical normal-weight concrete \n Relative humidity \nRelative creep \nAge of the concrete when \nloading is applied \nStrength of the concrete \nwhen loading is applied \ndays\nmonth\nMPa\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Relative creep\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"daysmonth\", \"3\": \"MPa\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Relative humidity\", \"2\": \"Age of the concrete when\", \"3\": \"Strength of the concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"loading is applied\", \"3\": \"when loading is applied\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Fig.5.7. Effect of conditions of loading on magnitude of creep\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"for typical normal-weight concrete\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"99\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0099.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 100, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n100\n5.3. Own deformations. Concrete shrinkage\nOwn deformations of concrete are caused by moisture, temperature and \nother influences on a concrete without applying of the external loading. \nThe change of concrete humidity can cause decrease or increase in \nvolume and accordingly deformations of shrinkage or expansion.\nDeformations of expansion in cement stone and concrete at hardening \nare results of formation of the crystallization stone structure.\nThe expanding (swelling) of concrete volume occurs during \ncontinuous storage of the specimens in the water.\nDeformation of contraction and drying shrinkage are developed due to \nprocesses of concrete hardening.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"5.3. Own deformations. Concrete shrinkage\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Own deformations of concrete are caused by moisture, temperature and\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"other influences on a concrete without applying of the external loading.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"The change of concrete humidity can cause decrease or\", \"1\": \"increase\", \"2\": \"in\"}, {\"0\": \"volume and accordingly deformations of shrinkage or expansion.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Deformations of expansion in cement stone and concrete at hardening\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"are results of formation of the crystallization stone structure.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"The expanding (swelling) of concrete volume occurs during\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"continuous storage of the specimens in the water.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Deformation of contraction and drying shrinkage are developed due to\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"processes of concrete hardening.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"100\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0100.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 101, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n101\nFig. 5.8. Swelling and drying shrinkage of \ncement specimens which hardened and \nstored in water and in air with a different \nrelative humidity \n Expanding \n Shrinkage \n Time \nContraction is the result of reactions \nof hydration of chemical cement \ncompounds \nwith \nwater, \ntherefore \nabsolute volumes of hydrates less \nthan total volumes of initial waterless \ncompounds \nand \nwater \nwhich \nnecessary for hydration.\nContraction shrinkage of concrete in \n5...10 times less than drying \nshrinkage.\nShrinkage \nof \nconcrete \nat \nthe \nchange of humidity develops in two \nstages:\n1. when a fresh concrete mixture \nhas \ninitial \nplastic \nconsistency \n(plastic shrinkage);\n2. \nat \nthe \ntime \nof \ncontinuing \nhardening and drying of concrete.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Contraction is the result of reactions\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"of hydration of chemical cement\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"compounds with water, therefore\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"absolute volumes of hydrates less\"}, {\"0\": \"Time\", \"1\": \"than total volumes of initial waterless\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"compounds and water which\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"necessary for hydration.\"}], [{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Contraction shrinkage of concrete in\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5...10 times less than drying\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"shrinkage.\"}, {\"0\": \"Shrinkage\", \"1\": \"Shrinkage of concrete at the\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"change of humidity develops in two\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"stages:\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"1. when a fresh concrete mixture\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"has initial plastic consistency\"}, {\"0\": \"Fig. 5.8. Swelling and drying shrinkage of\", \"1\": \"(plastic shrinkage);\"}, {\"0\": \"cement specimens which hardened and\", \"1\": \"2. at the time of continuing\"}, {\"0\": \"stored in water and in air with a different\", \"1\": \"hardening and drying of concrete.\"}, {\"0\": \"relative humidity\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0101.png"} |
| {"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 102, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n102\nDrying shrinkage has the most influence on quality and exploitation of \nconcrete constructions.\nInternal tensions, stresses and cracks can occur due to the shrinkage \ndeformations. Shrinkage deformation has also a negative effect on frost \nresistance and watertightness of concrete.\nAmount of shrinkage of cement paste and concrete depends on age of \nhardening, composition, specific surface and quantity of cement, quantity \nof aggregates, water-cement ratio and other factors.\nSome calculating formulas for determination of concrete shrinkage (εshr)\nFormula \nAuthor \n(5.12)\n \n \n \n,\nW\nW\n125\n.0\n106\nshr\n=\n⋅\nε\n \nW- quantity of water, liters per cubic meter\nE.Sherbakov \n(5.13)\n \n \n),\nC\n667\n(\nm\n1\nC\n/\nW\n5\n106\nshr\n+\n+\n=\n⋅\nε\n \nW/C – water – cement ratio; C – quantity of cement, kg per cubic \nmeter; m- mass ratio between aggregates and cement \nA.Velmi\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Formula Author\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"106.0125,WW (5.12)ε⋅= shrW- quantity of water, liters per cubic meterC/W5106(667),C (5.13)ε⋅=+ shr1m+W/C – water – cement ratio; C – quantity of cement, kg per cubic meter; m- mass ratio between aggregates and cement\", \"1\": \"E.Sherbakov A.Velmi\"}], [{\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"E.Sherbakov\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"A.Velmi\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Formula\": \"\", \"Author\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0102.png"} |
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