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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 373, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nThis page intentionally left blank\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"This page intentionally left blank\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFD_ae63114b_p0373.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 374, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nThis page intentionally left blank\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"This page intentionally left blank\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFD_ae63114b_p0374.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 375, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nThis page intentionally left blank\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"This page intentionally left blank\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFD_ae63114b_p0375.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 376, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nThis page intentionally left blank\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"This page intentionally left blank\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFD_ae63114b_p0376.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 377, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nThis page intentionally left blank\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"This page intentionally left blank\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic Engineering Mathematics ( PDFD_ae63114b_p0377.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 1, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[OCR TEXT]\nNEW AGE\n\nBASIC CIVIL\nENGINEERING\n\n \n \n\nI: rm S.S. BHAVIKATTI\naN Z ) ;", "page_type": "diagram", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0001.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 2, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[OCR TEXT]\nBASIC CIVIL\nENGINEERING", "page_type": "diagram", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0002.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 3, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nThis page\nintentionally left\nblank\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"This pageintentionally left\", \"2\": \"blank\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0003.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 7, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nThis page\nintentionally left\nblank\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"This pageintentionally left\", \"2\": \"blank\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0007.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 8, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nContents\nPreface\nv\nUNIT - I: CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS\n1–70\n1\nTRADITIONAL MATERIALS\n3–32\n1.1\nStones 3\n1.2\nBricks 11\n1.3\nLime 16\n1.4\nCement 18\n1.5\nTimber 23\nQuestions 31\n2\nMORTARS\n33–38\n2.1\nSand 33\n2.2\nCement Mortar 34\n2.3\nLime Mortar 35\n2.4\nMud Mortar 36\n2.5\nSpecial Mortar 37\n2.6\nTests on Mortar 37\nQuestions 38\n3\nCONCRETE\n39–54\n3.1\nPlain Concrete 39\n3.2\nReinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C.) 49\n3.3\nReinforced Brick Concrete (RBC) 50\n3.4\nPrestressed Concrete (PSC) 50\n3.5\nFibre-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) 51\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Preface\", \"2\": \"v\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"UNIT - I: CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS\", \"2\": \"1–70\"}, {\"0\": \"1\", \"1\": \"TRADITIONAL MATERIALS\", \"2\": \"3–32\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"1.1Stones 3\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"1.2Bricks 11\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"1.3Lime 16\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"1.4Cement 18\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"1.5Timber 23\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Questions 31\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"2\", \"1\": \"MORTARS\", \"2\": \"33–38\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"2.1Sand 33\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"2.2Cement Mortar 34\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"2.3Lime Mortar 35\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"2.4Mud Mortar 36\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"2.5Special Mortar 37\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"2.6Tests on Mortar 37\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Questions 38\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"3\", \"1\": \"CONCRETE\", \"2\": \"39–54\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"3.1Plain Concrete 39\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"3.2Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C.) 49\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"3.3Reinforced Brick Concrete (RBC) 50\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"3.4Prestressed Concrete (PSC) 50\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"3.5Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) 51\", \"2\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0008.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 9, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nCONTENTS\n3.6\nCellular Concrete 52\n3.7\nFerro-Cement 52\nQuestions 53\n4\nMETALS AS BUILDING MATERIALS\n55–58\n4.1\nFerrous Metals 55\n4.2\nAluminium 57\n4.3.\nCopper 58\nQuestions 58\n5\nMISCELLANEOUS BUILDING MATERIALS\n59–69\n5.1\nGlass 59\n5.2\nPlastics 60\n5.3\nBitumen 62\n5.4\nAsbestos 62\n5.5\nPaints 63\n5.6\nDistempers 65\n5.7\nVarnishes 65\n5.8\nSolid and Hollow Concrete Blocks 66\n5.9\nRoofing and Flooring Tiles 67\nQuestions 68\nUNIT - II: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION\n71–136\n6\nBUILDING PLANNING\n73–81\n6.1\nElements of a Building 73\n6.2\nBasic Requirements of a Building 76\n6.3\nPlanning 77\n6.4\nPlanning Suitable Orientation 77\n6.5\nPlanning for Energy Efficiency 78\n6.6\nPlanning for Suitable Utility 78\n6.7\nPlanning for Meeting Other Requirements 79\nQuestions 81\n7\nFOUNDATIONS\n82–91\n7.1\nDimensions of Foundation 82\n7.2\nConventional Spread Footings 83\n7.3\nR.C.C. Footings 84\n7.4\nGrillage Footing 86\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"CONTENTS\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"3.6\", \"2\": \"Cellular Concrete 52\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"3.7\", \"2\": \"Ferro-Cement 52\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Questions 53\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"4\", \"1\": \"METALS AS BUILDING MATERIALS\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"55–58\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"4.1\", \"2\": \"Ferrous Metals 55\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"4.2\", \"2\": \"Aluminium 57\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"4.3.\", \"2\": \"Copper 58\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Questions 58\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"5\", \"1\": \"MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING MATERIALS\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"59–69\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.1\", \"2\": \"Glass 59\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.2\", \"2\": \"Plastics 60\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.3\", \"2\": \"Bitumen 62\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.4\", \"2\": \"Asbestos 62\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.5\", \"2\": \"Paints 63\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.6\", \"2\": \"Distempers 65\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.7\", \"2\": \"Varnishes 65\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.8\", \"2\": \"Solid and Hollow Concrete Blocks 66\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"5.9\", \"2\": \"Roofing and Flooring Tiles 67\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Questions 68\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"UNIT - II: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION\", \"3\": \"71–136\"}, {\"0\": \"6\", \"1\": \"BUILDING PLANNING\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"73–81\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"6.1\", \"2\": \"Elements of a Building 73\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"6.2\", \"2\": \"Basic Requirements of a Building 76\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"6.3\", \"2\": \"Planning 77\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"6.4\", \"2\": \"Planning Suitable Orientation 77\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"6.5\", \"2\": \"Planning for Energy Efficiency 78\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"6.6\", \"2\": \"Planning for Suitable Utility 78\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"6.7\", \"2\": \"Planning for Meeting Other Requirements 79\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Questions 81\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"7\", \"1\": \"FOUNDATIONS\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"82–91\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"7.1\", \"2\": \"Dimensions of Foundation 82\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"7.2\", \"2\": \"Conventional Spread Footings 83\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"7.3\", \"2\": \"R.C.C. Footings 84\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"7.4\", \"2\": \"Grillage Footing 86\", \"3\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0009.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 10, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nCONTENTS\n7.5\nArch Foundation 87\n7.6\nPile Foundations 87\n7.7\nFoundations in Black Cotton Soil 89\nQuestions 91\n8\nSUPER STRUCTURES\n92–127\n8.1\nTypes of Super Structures Based on the Method of Load Transfer 92\n8.2\nWalls 93\n8.3\nStone Masonry 94\n8.4\nBrick Masonry 97\n8.5\nPlastering 100\n8.6\nPointing 101\n8.7\nFlooring 101\n8.8\nRoof 105\n8.9\nDoors and Windows 113\n8.10 Lintels 122\n8.11\n Stairs 123\nQuestions 126\n9\nDAMPNESS AND ITS PREVENTION\n128–132\n9.1\nCauses of Dampness 128\n9.2\nIll-Effects of Dampness 129\n9.3\nRequirements of an Ideal Material for Damp Proofing 129\n9.4\nMaterials for Damp Proofing 130\n9.5\nMethods of Damp Proofing 130\nQuestions 132\n10 COST EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES\n133–135\nIN MASS HOUSING SCHEMES\n10.1 Minimum Standards 133\n10.2\nApproach to Cost Effective Mass Housing Schemes 134\n10.3\nCost Effective Construction Techniques 135\nQuestions 135\nUNIT - III: SURVEYING\n137–236\n11 INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING\n139–148\n11.1\nObject and Uses of Surveying 139\n11.2\nPrimary Divisions in Surveying 140\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"CONTENTS\"}, {\"0\": \"7.5Arch Foundation 87\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"7.6Pile Foundations 87\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"7.7Foundations in Black Cotton Soil 89\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 91\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8SUPER STRUCTURES\", \"1\": \"92–127\"}, {\"0\": \"8.1Types of Super Structures Based on the Method of Load Transfer 92\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.2Walls 93\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.3Stone Masonry 94\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.4Brick Masonry 97\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.5Plastering 100\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.6Pointing 101\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.7Flooring 101\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.8Roof 105\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.9Doors and Windows 113\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.10 Lintels 122\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"8.11 Stairs 123\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 126\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"9DAMPNESS AND ITS PREVENTION\", \"1\": \"128–132\"}, {\"0\": \"9.1Causes of Dampness 128\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"9.2Ill-Effects of Dampness 129\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"9.3Requirements of an Ideal Material for Damp Proofing 129\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"9.4Materials for Damp Proofing 130\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"9.5Methods of Damp Proofing 130\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 132\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"10 COST EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES\", \"1\": \"133–135\"}, {\"0\": \"IN MASS HOUSING SCHEMES\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"10.1 Minimum Standards 133\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"10.2Approach to Cost Effective Mass Housing Schemes 134\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"10.3Cost Effective Construction Techniques 135\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 135\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"UNIT - III: SURVEYING\", \"1\": \"137–236\"}, {\"0\": \"11 INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING\", \"1\": \"139–148\"}, {\"0\": \"11.1Object and Uses of Surveying 139\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"11.2Primary Divisions in Surveying 140\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0010.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 11, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nCONTENTS\n11.3\nFundamental Principles of Surveying 141\n11.4\nClassification of Surveying 142\n11.5\nPlans and Maps 143\n11.6\nScales 144\n11.7\nTypes of Graphical Scales 145\n11.8\nUnits of Measurements 148\nQuestions 148\n12 LINEAR MEASUREMENTS AND CHAIN SURVEYING\n149–175\n12.1 Methods of Linear Measurements 149\n12.2\nInstruments used in Chaining 154\n12.3\nChain Surveying 156\n12.4 Ranging 162\n12.5 Obstacles in Chaining 163\n12.6 Errors in Chaining 167\n12.7\nTape Corrections 168\n12.8\nConventional Symbols 173\nQuestions 175\n13 COMPASS SURVEYING\n176–194\n13.1\nTypes of Compass 176\n13.2\nMethod of Using a Compass 180\n13.3\nBearing 180\n13.4\nWhole Circle Bearing and Reduced Bearing 180\n13.5 Computation of Angles 182\n13.6 Declination and DIP 184\n13.7\nLocal Attraction 187\n13.8\nChain and Compass Surveying Field Work 190\nQuestions 193\n14 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING\n195–208\n14.1 Plane Table and its Accessories 195\n14.2\nWorking Operations 198\n14.3 Methods of Plane Tabling 199\n14.4 Errors in Plane Table Surveying 206\n14.5 Advantages and Limitations of Plane Table Survey 207\nQuestions 207\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"CONTENTS\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"11.3Fundamental Principles of Surveying 141\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"11.4Classification of Surveying 142\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"11.5Plans and Maps 143\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"11.6Scales 144\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"11.7Types of Graphical Scales 145\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"11.8Units of Measurements 148\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 148\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"12 LINEAR MEASUREMENTS AND CHAIN SURVEYING\", \"1\": \"149–175\"}, {\"0\": \"12.1 Methods of Linear Measurements 149\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"12.2Instruments used in Chaining 154\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"12.3Chain Surveying 156\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"12.4Ranging 162\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"12.5Obstacles in Chaining 163\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"12.6Errors in Chaining 167\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"12.7Tape Corrections 168\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"12.8Conventional Symbols 173\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 175\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"13 COMPASS SURVEYING\", \"1\": \"176–194\"}, {\"0\": \"13.1Types of Compass 176\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"13.2 Method of Using a Compass 180\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"13.3Bearing 180\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"13.4 Whole Circle Bearing and Reduced Bearing 180\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"13.5Computation of Angles 182\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"13.6Declination and DIP 184\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"13.7Local Attraction 187\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"13.8Chain and Compass Surveying Field Work 190\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 193\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"14 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING\", \"1\": \"195–208\"}, {\"0\": \"14.1Plane Table and its Accessories 195\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"14.2 Working Operations 198\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"14.3 Methods of Plane Tabling 199\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"14.4Errors in Plane Table Surveying 206\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"14.5Advantages and Limitations of Plane Table Survey 207\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 207\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0011.png"}
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+ {"pdf_file": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt.pdf", "page_num": 12, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nCONTENTS\n15 LEVEL AND LEVELLING\n209–225\n15.1\nObject and Uses of Levelling 209\n15.2 Terms Used in Levelling 209\n15.3 Levelling Instruments 211\n15.4 Levelling Staff 213\n15.5\nMethods of Levelling 214\n15.6 Terms Used in Direct Method of Levelling 215\n15.7\nTemporary Adjustments of a Level 216\n15.8\nTypes of Direct Levelling 217\nQuestions 225\n16 MODERN TOOLS OF SURVEYING\n226–236\n16.1 Theodolite 226\n16.2\nElectromagnetic Distance Measuring Instruments 231\n16.3 Total Station 233\n16.4 Global Positioning System 235\nQuestions 236\nUNIT - IV: MAPPING AND SENSING\n237–268\n17 MAPPING AND CONTOURING\n239–246\n17.1\nMapping 239\n17.2 Contours 241\n17.3 Methods of Contouring 243\nDrawing Contours 246\nQuestions 246\n18 AREAS AND VOLUMES\n247–265\n18.1\nComputation of Areas from Field Notes 247\n18.2 Computing Areas from Maps 252\n18.3 Computation of Volumes 256\nQuestions 264\n19 REMOTE SENSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS\n266–268\n19.1 Remote sensing 266\n19.2 Geographical Information System (GIS) 267\nQuestions 268\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"CONTENTS\"}, {\"0\": \"15 LEVEL AND LEVELLING\", \"1\": \"209–225\"}, {\"0\": \"15.1Object and Uses of Levelling 209\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"15.2Terms Used in Levelling 209\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"15.3Levelling Instruments 211\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"15.4Levelling Staff 213\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"15.5 Methods of Levelling 214\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"15.6Terms Used in Direct Method of Levelling 215\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"15.7Temporary Adjustments of a Level 216\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"15.8Types of Direct Levelling 217\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 225\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"16 MODERN TOOLS OF SURVEYING\", \"1\": \"226–236\"}, {\"0\": \"16.1Theodolite 226\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"16.2Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instruments 231\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"16.3Total Station 233\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"16.4Global Positioning System 235\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 236\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"UNIT - IV: MAPPING AND SENSING\", \"1\": \"237–268\"}, {\"0\": \"17 MAPPING AND CONTOURING\", \"1\": \"239–246\"}, {\"0\": \"17.1 Mapping 239\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"17.2Contours 241\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"17.3 Methods of Contouring 243\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Drawing Contours 246\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 246\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"18 AREAS AND VOLUMES\", \"1\": \"247–265\"}, {\"0\": \"18.1Computation of Areas from Field Notes 247\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"18.2Computing Areas from Maps 252\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"18.3Computation of Volumes 256\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 264\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"19 REMOTE SENSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS\", \"1\": \"266–268\"}, {\"0\": \"19.1Remote sensing 266\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"19.2Geographical Information System (GIS) 267\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Questions 268\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Basic book-s-s-bhavikt_7d7339fc_p0012.png"}
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