Datasets:

karanjaWakaba
/

civil_dataset

+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 185, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n185\nFig. 9.4. Relationship between shrinking \ndeformations of cellular concrete and age of \nhardening: \n1 – autoclaved concrete; \n2 – non-autoclaved concrete \nShrinkage, mm/m \nAge, days \n0\n0.5\n1\n1.5\n2\n2.5\nShrinking \ndeformations \nof \nautoclaved cellular concrete made \non the basis of cement and sand \nreach 0.5-0.7 mm/m and more, and \nfor non-cement and non-autoclaved \nconcrete \n2 \nmm/m \nand \nmore \n(Fig.9.4); \nswelling \ndeformations \ndepend on storage conditions and \nare 0.4-1.6 mm/m.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"00.5\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"1\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Shrinkage, mm/m\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"1.522.5\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0185.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 186, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nCHAPTER 10\nCONCRETE ON THE BASIS OF \nNON-CLINKER BINDERS. \nMORTARS AND DRY PACK \nMIXES\nL. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"CHAPTER 10\"}, {\"0\": \"CONCRETE ON THE BASIS OF\"}, {\"0\": \"NON-CLINKER BINDERS.\"}, {\"0\": \"MORTARS AND DRY PACK\"}, {\"0\": \"MIXES\"}, {\"0\": \"L. Dvorkin and O.Dvorkin\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0186.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 187, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n187\n10.1. Silicate concrete\nAlong with concrete on the basis of Portland cement and high-alumina cement \nthere are used different concrete on the basis of other non-organic and organic \nbinders in construction industry.\nMortars are composite heterogeneous materials which differ from concrete only \nby absence of coarse aggregate and poured as a rule on the basis with thin \nlayer. \nUnlike ordinary concrete, silicate concrete is produced on the basis of lime-\nsand binders of autoclave curing. The same classification by structural \nfeatures and purposes as for ordinary concrete is appropriate for silicate \nconcrete.\nExtension of silicate materials started from 1880 when V.Michaelis has \nsuggested silicate brick. Foundational idea of silicate materials obtaining is \nlime-sand composites hardening as a result of hydrosilicate synthesis at \nraised temperature and pressure of vapour.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Along with concrete on the basis of Portland cement and high-alumina cement\"}, {\"0\": \"there are used different concrete on the basis of other non-organic and organic\"}, {\"0\": \"binders in construction industry.\"}, {\"0\": \"Mortars are composite heterogeneous materials which differ from concrete only\"}, {\"0\": \"by  absence  of  coarse  aggregate  and  poured  as  a  rule  on  the  basis with  thin\"}, {\"0\": \"layer.\"}, {\"0\": \"10.1. Silicate concrete\"}, {\"0\": \"Unlike  ordinary  concrete,  silicate  concrete  is  produced  on  the  basis  of  lime-\"}, {\"0\": \"sand  binders  of  autoclave  curing.  The  same  classification  by  structural\"}, {\"0\": \"features  and  purposes  as  for  ordinary  concrete  is  appropriate  for  silicate\"}, {\"0\": \"concrete.\"}, {\"0\": \"Extension  of  silicate  materials  started from  1880  when  V.Michaelis  has\"}, {\"0\": \"suggested  silicate  brick.  Foundational  idea  of  silicate  materials  obtaining  is\"}, {\"0\": \"lime-sand  composites  hardening  as  a  result  of  hydrosilicate  synthesisat\"}, {\"0\": \"raised temperature and pressure of vapour.\"}, {\"0\": \"187\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0187.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 188, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n188\nFine powder lime-sand binder that has as a rule high activity (25-35% of active\nСаО+MgO) can be substituted by lime-slag or fly ash binder with lower activity by \ncontent of active calcium and magnesium oxides (10-15%). At that lime content \nreduces in the mix approximately in 2-3 times.\nSilicate concrete strength varies within wide range: from 5-10 MPa for lightweight \nconcrete to 80-100 MPa for  high-strength heavyweight concrete.\nDense silicate concrete strength at anhydrous lime application can be \ndetermined approximately by formula:\n(10.1)\n          \n          \n,\n18\n1\nW\n/\nC\n6,1\n100\nS\n05\n.4\nR\ns.g\nс\n+\n\n\n\n\n\n\n−\n+\n=\nWhere Sg.s. is specific surface of sand, m2/kg; C/W is cement-water ratio.\nWhen hydrated lime is used:\n(10.2)\n        \n          \n,\n14\n1\nW\nС\n16\nR\nl\nс\n+\n\n\n\n\n\n\n−\n=\nWhere Cl is lime-sand binder content, kg/m3; W – quantity of \nwater, kg/m3.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Fine powder lime-sand binder that has as a rule high activity (25-35% of active\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"СаО+MgO) can be substituted by lime-slag or fly ash binder with lower activity by\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"content of active calcium and magnesium oxides (10-15%). At that lime content\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"reduces in the mix approximately in 2-3 times.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Silicate concrete strength varies within wide range: from 5-10 MPa for lightweight\"}, {\"0\": \"concrete to 80-100 MPa for  high-strength heavyweight concrete.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Dense silicate concrete strength  at  anhydrous lime  application\", \"1\": \"can  be\"}, {\"0\": \"determined approximately by formula:\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"S6,1s.g\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"  R05.4,18                    (10.1)=+с+\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"1001W/C\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"is specific surface of sand, m2/kg; C/W is cement-water ratio.Where Sg.s.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"When hydrated lime is used:\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"lR161,14                  (10.2)\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"WС=−+с\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"is lime-sand binder content, kg/m3; W – quantity of Where Cl\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"water, kg/m3.\", \"1\": \"188\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0188.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 189, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n189\nContent of active calcium oxide in silicate concrete mixture varies depending on \nrequired concrete strength taking into consideration fineness modulus of sand \n(Tab.10.1, Fig.10.1, 10.2).\nTable 10.1\nContent of active СаО, % by mass of compacted silicate concrete mix\nSand \nStrength of \nconcrete, \nMPa \nultra fine \nfine \nmedium \ncoarse \n15 \n6.5 \n6.2 \n6 \n5.8 \n25 \n7.5 \n7.2 \n7 \n6.5 \n30 \n9 \n8.5 \n8 \n7.5 \n40 \n10.5 \n9.5 \n8.5 \n8\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Strength of concrete, MPa\", \"1\": \"Sand\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"ultra fine\", \"2\": \"fine\", \"3\": \"medium\", \"4\": \"coarse\"}, {\"0\": \"15 25 30 40\", \"1\": \"6.5 7.5 9 10.5\", \"2\": \"6.2 7.2 8.5 9.5\", \"3\": \"6 7 8 8.5\", \"4\": \"5.8 6.5 7.5 8\"}], [{\"\": \"\", \"Strength of\": \"concrete,\", \"Sand\": \"\", \"None\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Strength of\": \"\", \"Sand\": \"ultra fine\", \"None\": \"coarse\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Strength of\": \"MPa\", \"Sand\": \"\", \"None\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Strength of\": \"\", \"Sand\": \"\", \"None\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Strength of\": \"\", \"Sand\": \"\", \"None\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Strength of\": \"25\", \"Sand\": \"7.5\", \"None\": \"6.5\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Strength of\": \"\", \"Sand\": \"\", \"None\": \"\"}, {\"\": \"\", \"Strength of\": \"40\", \"Sand\": \"10.5\", \"None\": \"8\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0189.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 190, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n190\nFig. 10.1. Effect of active СаО in the\nmixture on compressive strength of\nlime-sand specimens: \n1 – on the basis of quartz sand;  \n2 – on the basis of feldspar sand.  \nFig. 10.2. Relationship between silicate\nconcrete strength and sand content with \nspecific surface:  \n1 - 4500 cm2/g; 2 - 2500 cm2/g;  \n3 - 1500 cm2/g.  \nContent of active СаО in the mixture is \n12.5% \nContent of active СаО in mass, % \n      7.5         15.0        22.5       27.5 \nContent of sand, % \nCompressive strength, MPa \nCompressive strength, MPa\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}], [{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Compressive strength, MPa\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0190.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 191, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n191\n10.2. Slag and fly-ash concrete\nConcrete on the basis of lime-slag and lime-ash binders, gypsum-slag, \nsulfate slag and slag non-clinker cements can be classified as such concrete. \nSlag-alkaline concrete can be referred to a separate group. \nChemical activity of slag is defined by quality coefficient К, calculated \naccording to following formulas:\n- at magnesium oxide (MgO) content up to 10%\n(10.3)\n          \n          \n,\nTiO\nSiO\nMgO\nO\nAl\nCaO\nК\n2\n2\n3\n2\n+\n+\n+\n=\n- at magnesium oxide (MgO) content more 10%\n(\n)\n(10.4)\n      \n          \n.\n10\nMgO\nTiO\nSiO\n10\nO\nAl\nCaO\nК\n2\n2\n3\n2\n−\n+\n+\n+\n+\n=\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"10.2. Slag and fly-ash concrete\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Concrete  on\", \"1\": \"the  basis  of\", \"2\": \"lime-slag  and\", \"3\": \"lime-ash  binders,  gypsum-slag,\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"sulfate slag and slag non-clinker cements can be classified as such concrete.\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Slag-alkaline concrete can be referred to a separate group.\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Chemical  activity  of  slag\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"is  defined  by  quality  coefficient  К,  calculated\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"according to following formulas:\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"- at magnesium oxide (MgO) content up to 10%\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"CaOAl+\", \"2\": \"OMgO+3\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"К=\", \"2\": \"2 +,\", \"3\": \"(10.3)\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"SiO2\", \"2\": \"TiO2\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"- at magnesium oxide (MgO) content more 10%\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"CaO\", \"2\": \"AlO10++23\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"К=\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \".                (10.4)\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"SiOTiO+2\", \"2\": \"MgO10+−()2\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"191\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0191.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 192, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n192\nAsh is divided on high-calcium (СаО>20%) and low-calcium (СаО<20%). \nCrystalline phases are prevalent for the first one, and glass and amorphous-like \nclay material is dominant for the second one. High-calcium ash can be divided \non low- sulfate (SО3<5%), obtained by coal and peat burning and sulfate \n(SО3>5%) obtained by shale's burning.\nSlags and ash acquire ability to harden at alkaline, line, sulfate and combined \ntypes of activation. Slag and fly ash materials with different intensity harden in \nnormal conditions and at steam curing depending on their mineralogical \ncomposition, chemical composition and active phases content, fineness, type \nand concentration of activator.\nAs activators of slag and fly-ash binders are used anhydrous lime, calcium \nsulphate hydrate or hemihydrate are used. Application of  hydrated lime gives \nworse results than lump quicklime.\nCellular, \nfine-grained, \nlight-weight \nand \nheavy-weight \nconcrete \nare \nmanufactured on the basis of slag and fly ash binders. Comparatively high \nquality of these materials is obtained at steam curing.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Ash\", \"1\": \"is  divided  on  high-calcium\", \"2\": \"low-calcium (СаО>20%)  and (СаО<20%).\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Crystalline phases are prevalent for the first one, and glass and amorphous-like\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"clay material is dominant for the second one. High-calcium ash can be divided\", \"2\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"on\", \"1\": \"low-\", \"2\": \"sulfate  (SО3<5%),  obtained  by  coal  and  peat  burning  and  sulfate\"}, {\"0\": \"(SО3>5%) obtained by shale's burning.\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\"}], [{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Crystalline phases are prevalent for the first one, and glass and amorphous-like\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"clay material is dominant for the second one. High-calcium ash can be divided\"}, {\"0\": \"on low-\", \"1\": \"sulfate  (SО3<5%),  obtained  by  coal  and  peat  burning  and  sulfate\"}, {\"0\": \"(SО3>5%) obtained by shale's burning.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Slags and ash acquire ability to harden at alkaline, line, sulfate and combined\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"types of activation. Slag and fly ash materials with different intensity harden in\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"normal  conditions  and  at  steam  curing  depending  on\", \"1\": \"their  mineralogical\"}, {\"0\": \"composition, chemical composition and active phases content, fineness, type\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"and concentration of activator.\", \"1\": \"\"}], [{\"0\": \"normal  conditions  and  at  steam  curing  depending  on\", \"1\": \"their  mineralogical\"}, {\"0\": \"composition, chemical composition and active phases content, fineness, type\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"and concentration of activator.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"As  activators  of  slag  and  fly-ash  binders  are  used  anhydrous  lime,  calcium\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"sulphate hydrate or hemihydrate are used. Application of  hydrated lime gives\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"worse results than lump quicklime.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Cellular, fine-grained, light-weight and\", \"1\": \"heavy-weight concrete are\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"manufactured  on  the  basis  of  slag  and  fly  ash  binders.  Comparatively  high\"}, {\"0\": \"quality of these materials is obtained at steam curing.\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0192.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 193, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n193\n10.3. Slag- alkaline concrete\nConcretes for which common feature is slag-alkaline binders application are \nincluded into group of slag-alkaline concrete. Fundamentals of theory and \ntechnology of National University of Construction and Architecture (Kiev, Ukraine) \nhave been worked out by V. Glukhovsky. \nApproximate composition of heavy-weight concrete, %: ground granulated slag -\n15...30; alkaline component – 0.5...1.5; aggregates - 70...85.\nPhysical and mechanical properties of slag-alkaline concrete can vary with \nwide range by selecting raw materials, varying concrete mix composition and \napplying different technological processes. Parameters of the most of these \ntype concrete properties are close to parameters of cement concrete and in \nsome instances they can be appreciably higher.\nUntil present almost forty years experience is gathered in application of slag-\nalkaline concrete in construction industry. There is shown effectiveness of \nproduction of wide range constructions, assigned for service in different \nincluding hard conditions.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Approximate composition of heavy-weight concrete, %: ground granulated slag -\"}, {\"0\": \"15...30; alkaline component – 0.5...1.5; aggregates - 70...85.\"}, {\"0\": \"Physical  and  mechanical  properties  of  slag-alkaline  concrete  can  vary  with\"}, {\"0\": \"wide  range  by  selecting  raw  materials,  varying  concrete  mix  composition  and\"}, {\"0\": \"applying  different  technological  processes.  Parameters  of  the  most  of  these\"}, {\"0\": \"type  concrete  properties  are  close  to  parameters  of  cement  concrete  and  in\"}, {\"0\": \"some instances they can be appreciably higher.\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0193.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 194, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n194\nFig. 10.3. Relationship between slag alkaline \nconcrete compressive strength (Rc), humidity of \nmixture and weight part of clayey particles in the \naggregate: \n1 – weight part of clayey particles in the aggregate 1.2 %; \n2 –  idem 5.2 %; 3 – idem 6.4 %; 4 – idem 8.8 % \n(according to G.Skurchinskaya data) \nHumidity of concrete mixture, % \nRc, MPa \nFig.10.4. Relative strength of alkaline \nslag binder depending on type and \ncontent of activator \n(from I.Blackmeyer data) \nRelative compressive \nstrength \n1.0\n0.8\n0.6\n0.4\n0.2\n0.0\nActivator dosage, % \n1 day \nActivator dosage, % \nRelative compressive \nstrength \n1.0\n0.8\n0.6\n0.4\n0.2\n0.0\n28 days\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"1 day\"}, {\"0\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\"}], [{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Rc, MPa\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\"}], [{\"0\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\"}], [], []]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0194.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 195, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n195\n10.4. Gypsum concrete\nGypsum concrete is concrete produced on the basis of gypsum binders. Building \nblocks, masonry blocks, panels, assigned particularly for internal walls and \ncrosswalls are produced from gypsum concrete. Application area of such \nconcrete is limited mostly because of their insufficient water resistance. \nAccording \nto \ndata \nobtained \nby \nA.Volgensky and А.Ferronskaya, the \neffect of water-gypsum ratio (W/G) on \ngypsum concrete strength is similar to \neffect of water-cement ratio on cement \nconcrete strength (Fig.10.5).\nFig.10.5. Influence of water-gypsum \nratio (W/G) on gypsum strength: \n2- α- hemihydrate gypsum; \n1, 3 - β- hemihydrate gypsum. \n   0.1   0.2   0.3   0.4   0.5   0.6   W/G\nCompressive strength, MPa\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Compressive strength, MPa\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"0.1   0.2   0.3   0.4   0.5   0.6   W/G\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0195.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 196, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n196\nWater-gypsum ratio depends on gypsum binder type, temperature of mixing \nwater and method of forming of elements.\nThere are obtained concrete with strength 5-10 MPa on the basis of gypsum \nbinder. Application of high-strength gypsum, anhydrous gypsum and estrich \ngypsum permits to increase strength up to 20 MPа. Concrete strength at \napplication of composite gypsum-cement-pozzolanic and gypsum-slag-cement-\npozzolanic binders on the basis of alabaster is 7.5-20 MPa, on the basis of alpha \ngypsum is 15-40 MPa.\nQuality and nature of aggregates make significant influence on strength of \ngypsum concrete. \n10.5 Mortars\nLime, gypsum, cement and composite (cement-lime, cement-clay) mortars are \nthe most common in construction.\nBasic properties of mortars are workability and water-retaining capacity.\nProviding of required workability of mortar mixtures without segregation can be \nreached by adding of plastizing admixtures and fillers.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Water-gypsum  ratio  depends  on  gypsum  binder  type,  temperature  of  mixing\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"water and method of forming of elements.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"There  are  obtained  concrete  with  strength  5-10  MPa  on  the  basis  of  gypsum\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"binder.  Application  of  high-strength  gypsum,  anhydrous  gypsum  and  estrich\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"gypsum  permits to increase  strength  up\", \"1\": \"to  20  MPа.  Concrete  strength  at\"}, {\"0\": \"application  of  composite  gypsum-cement-pozzolanic  and  gypsum-slag-cement-\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"pozzolanic binders on the basis of alabaster is 7.5-20 MPa, on the basis of alpha\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"gypsum is 15-40 MPa.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"Quality  and  nature  of  aggregates  make  significant\", \"1\": \"influence  on  strength  of\"}, {\"0\": \"gypsum concrete.\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0196.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 197, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n197\nAt water drawoff by porous base in the mortars with different C/W, \nstrength of mortars (Rm) can be calculated as follows:\nWater-retaining capacity prevents segregation of mortar mixture. In view there, \nare reduced water-binder ratio (due to right proportion), ultra-fine mineral fillers, \nplastizing and special water-retaining admixtures.\nFor strength forecasting of cement-lime mortars are widely used N.Popov \nformula. At pouring on dense basement, mortars strength (Rm) is calculated by \nformula:\nRm=0.25Rcem(C/W-0.4),         (10.5) \nWhere Rcem – strength of cement, MPa; C/W – cement-water ratio.\nRm=KRcem(C-0.05)+4,                       (10.6) \nwhere К - coefficient of sand quality: for coarse sand К=2.2; medium sand \nК=1.8; fine sand К=1.4; C - cement content.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Water-retaining  capacity  prevents  segregation  of  mortar  mixture.  In  view  there,\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"are reduced water-binder ratio (due to right proportion), ultra-fine mineral fillers,\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"plastizing and special water-retaining admixtures.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"For  strength\", \"1\": \"forecasting  of  cement-lime  mortars  are  widely  used  N.Popov\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"formula. At pouring on dense basement, mortars strength (Rm) is  calculated by\"}, {\"0\": \"formula:\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Rm=0.25Rcem(C/W-0.4),         (10.5)\"}, {\"0\": \"Where Rcem – strength of cement, MPa; C/W – cement-water ratio.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"At  water  drawoff  by  porous  base\", \"1\": \"in the  mortars  with  different  C/W,\"}, {\"0\": \"strength of mortars (Rm) can be calculated as follows:\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"Rm=KRcem(C-0.05)+4,                       (10.6)\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"where К - coefficient of sand quality: for coarse sand К=2.2; medium sand\"}, {\"0\": \"К=1.8; fine sand К=1.4; C - cement content.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"197\"}]]\n\n[FORMULAS]\nRm=0", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0197.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 198, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n198\nComposites of mortars are selected by tables or calculation and specified by \nexperimental way in the context of specific materials. \nStrength increase of masonry mortars at cold-weather construction can be \nprovided by adding of a series of chemical admixture.\n10.6 Dry pack mixes\nModern construction industry is characterized by more wide application of dry \npack mixes, accurately batched and mixed in plant conditions mortars and \nconcrete mixes, with adding water at building site.\nAt construction work effectiveness of dry pack mixes is demonstrated in high \nlevel of mechanization, significant reduction of construction terms, decreasing \nlabour content and working costs, providing high quality. \nDry pack mixes are classified by:\n- main purpose (type of work);\n- type of binder in the mixture;\n- modification level of the mixture by admixtures;\n- the most significant feature in hardened state;\n- conditions of application.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"At construction work effectiveness of dry pack mixes is demonstrated in high\"}, {\"0\": \"level of mechanization, significant reduction of construction terms, decreasing\"}, {\"0\": \"labour content and working costs, providing high quality.\"}, {\"0\": \"Dry pack mixes are classified by:\"}, {\"0\": \"- main purpose (type of work);\"}, {\"0\": \"- type of binder in the mixture;\"}, {\"0\": \"- modification level of the mixture by admixtures;\"}, {\"0\": \"- the most significant feature in hardened state;\"}, {\"0\": \"- conditions of application.\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0198.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is Civil Engineering_ ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 199, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\n199\nThere are identified different mixes by purpose: masonry, facing, jointing, \nstopping, plastering, gluing, sealing mixes etc.; by type of basic binder –\ngypsum, anhydrate, lime, magnesium, cement, cement-lime, polymer etc.; by \nmodification level – cost-effective, standard, high-quality; by characteristic \nfeature in hardened state - adhesive, weather-proof, fast-hardening, waterproof, \nfrostproof, high-strength, self-leveling, elastic etc.; by application conditions –\nhand and machine coating, for porous materials etc.\nThe same mix can be often used at different construction. \nAdjustment of technological and performance properties of dry pack mixes is \nreached by adding different chemical admixtures\nThickening, dispersing, foaming, defoaming, water-repelling, conservative \nagents etc. are included into the complex of special chemical admixtures.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"There  are identified  different  mixes  by  purpose:  masonry,\", \"1\": \"facing, jointing,\"}, {\"0\": \"stopping,  plastering,  gluing,  sealing  mixes  etc.;  by\", \"1\": \"type  of  basic  binder  –\"}, {\"0\": \"gypsum,  anhydrate,  lime,  magnesium,  cement,  cement-lime,  polymer  etc.;  by\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"modification level  –\", \"1\": \"cost-effective,  standard,  high-quality;  by  characteristic\"}, {\"0\": \"feature in hardened state - adhesive, weather-proof, fast-hardening, waterproof,\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"frostproof,  high-strength,  self-leveling,  elastic  etc.;  by  application  conditions  –\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"hand and machine coating, for porous materials etc.\", \"1\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"The same mix can be often used at different construction.\", \"1\": \"\"}]]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "BASICS OF CONCRETE SCIENCE - What is_595f6bc2_p0199.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concrete, Steelwork, Masonry and Timber Designs to British Standards and Eurocodes, 3rd Edition   ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 1, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[OCR TEXT]\nSPON TEXT\n\nTHIRD EDITION\n\nWe RY\nSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS\n\nCONCRETE, STEELWORK, MASONRY AND TIMBER\nDESIGNS TO BRITISH STANDARDS AND EUROCODES\n\nCHANAKYA ARYA", "page_type": "diagram", "image": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concr_a6902759_p0001.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concrete, Steelwork, Masonry and Timber Designs to British Standards and Eurocodes, 3rd Edition   ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 2, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\ni\nDesign of Structural Elements\nThird Edition\nConcrete, steelwork, masonry and timber designs to\nBritish Standards and Eurocodes\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Design of Structural Elements\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Third Edition\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"Concrete, steelwork, masonry and timber designs to\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"British Standards and Eurocodes\", \"3\": \"\"}, {\"0\": \"\", \"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"\", \"3\": \"i\"}, {\"0\": \"9780415467193_A01\", \"1\": \"1\", \"2\": \"9/3/09, 12:35 PM\", \"3\": \"\"}], [], []]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concr_a6902759_p0002.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concrete, Steelwork, Masonry and Timber Designs to British Standards and Eurocodes, 3rd Edition   ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 3, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nii\n\n[TABLES]\n[[], []]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concr_a6902759_p0003.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concrete, Steelwork, Masonry and Timber Designs to British Standards and Eurocodes, 3rd Edition   ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 4, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\niii\nDesign of\nStructural\nElements\nThird Edition\nConcrete, steelwork, masonry and\ntimber designs to British Standards\nand Eurocodes\nChanakya Arya\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Design of\"}, {\"0\": \"Structural\"}, {\"0\": \"Elements\"}, {\"0\": \"Third Edition\"}, {\"0\": \"Concrete, steelwork, masonry and\"}, {\"0\": \"timber designs to British Standards\"}, {\"0\": \"and Eurocodes\"}, {\"0\": \"Chanakya Arya\"}], [], []]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concr_a6902759_p0004.png"}
+{"pdf_file": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concrete, Steelwork, Masonry and Timber Designs to British Standards and Eurocodes, 3rd Edition   ( PDFDrive ).pdf", "page_num": 8, "prompt": "Analyze this page with diagrams, tables, formulas, calculations, and explanations.", "response": "[NATIVE TEXT]\nvii\nPreface to the\nthird edition\nSince publication of the second edition of Design\nof Structural Elements there have been two major\ndevelopments in the ﬁeld of structural engineering\nwhich have suggested this new edition.\nThe ﬁrst and foremost of these is that the\nEurocodes for concrete, steel, masonry and timber\ndesign have now been converted to full EuroNorm\n(EN) status and, with the possible exception of the\nsteel code, all the associated UK National Annexes\nhave also been ﬁnalised and published. Therefore,\nthese codes can now be used for structural design,\nalthough guidance on the timing and circumstances\nunder which they must be used is still awaited.\nThus, the content of Chapters 8 to 11 on, respec-\ntively, the design of concrete, steel, masonry and\ntimber structures has been completely revised to\ncomply with the EN versions of the Eurocodes for\nthese materials. The opportunity has been used to\nexpand Chapter 10 and include several worked\nexamples on the design of masonry walls subject to\neither vertical or lateral loading or a combination\nof both.\nThe second major development is that a number\nof small but signiﬁcant amendments have been\nmade to the 1997 edition of BS 8110: Part 1 on\nconcrete design, and new editions of BS 5628:\nParts 1 and 3 on masonry design have recently\nbeen published. These and other national stand-\nards, e.g. BS 5950 for steel design and BS 5268\nfor timber design, are still widely used in the UK\nand beyond. This situation is likely to persist for\nsome years, and therefore the decision was taken\nto retain the chapters on British Standards and\nwhere necessary update the material to reﬂect latest\ndesign recommendations. This principally affects\nthe material in Chapters 3 and 5 on concrete and\nmasonry design.\nThe chapters on Eurocodes are not self-contained\nbut include reference to relevant chapters on British\nStandards. This should not present any problems\nto readers familiar with British Standards, but will\nmean that readers new to this subject will have to\nrefer to two chapters from time to time to get the\nmost from this book. This is not ideal, but should\nresult in the reader becoming familiar with both\nBritish and European practices, which is probably\nnecessary during the transition phase from British\nStandards to Eurocodes.\n\n[TABLES]\n[[{\"0\": \"Since  publication  of  the  second  edition  of  Design\", \"1\": \"made  to  the  1997  edition  of  BS  8110:  Part  1  on\"}, {\"0\": \"of  Structural  Elements  there  have  been  two  major\", \"1\": \"concrete  design,  and  new  editions  of  BS  5628:\"}, {\"0\": \"developments in the ﬁeld of structural engineering\", \"1\": \"Parts  1  and  3  on  masonry  design  have  recently\"}, {\"0\": \"which have suggested this new edition.\", \"1\": \"been  published.  These  and  other  national  stand-\"}, {\"0\": \"The  ﬁrst  and foremost  of these is that the\", \"1\": \"ards,  e.g.  BS  5950  for  steel  design  and  BS  5268\"}, {\"0\": \"Eurocodes for concrete, steel, masonry and timber\", \"1\": \"for  timber  design,  are  still  widely  used  in  the  UK\"}, {\"0\": \"design have now been converted to full EuroNorm\", \"1\": \"and  beyond.  This  situation  is  likely  to  persist  for\"}, {\"0\": \"(EN) status and, with the possible exception of the\", \"1\": \"some  years,  and  therefore  the  decision  was  taken\"}, {\"0\": \"steel code, all the associated UK National Annexes\", \"1\": \"to  retain  the  chapters  on  British  Standards  and\"}, {\"0\": \"have also been ﬁnalised and published. Therefore,\", \"1\": \"where necessary update the material to reﬂect latest\"}, {\"0\": \"these codes can now be used for structural design,\", \"1\": \"design  recommendations.  This  principally  affects\"}, {\"0\": \"although guidance on the timing and circumstances\", \"1\": \"the material in Chapters 3 and 5 on concrete and\"}, {\"0\": \"under  which  they  must  be  used  is  still  awaited.\", \"1\": \"masonry design.\"}, {\"0\": \"Thus, the content of Chapters 8 to 11 on, respec-\", \"1\": \"The chapters on Eurocodes are not self-contained\"}, {\"0\": \"tively,  the  design  of  concrete,  steel,  masonry  and\", \"1\": \"but include reference to relevant chapters on British\"}, {\"0\": \"timber  structures  has  been  completely  revised  to\", \"1\": \"Standards.  This  should  not  present  any  problems\"}, {\"0\": \"comply with the EN versions of the Eurocodes for\", \"1\": \"to readers familiar with British Standards, but will\"}, {\"0\": \"these materials. The opportunity has been used to\", \"1\": \"mean that readers new to this subject will have to\"}, {\"0\": \"expand  Chapter  10  and include  several  worked\", \"1\": \"refer to two chapters from time to time to get the\"}, {\"0\": \"examples on the design of masonry walls subject to\", \"1\": \"most from this book. This is not ideal, but should\"}, {\"0\": \"either  vertical  or  lateral  loading  or  a  combination\", \"1\": \"result  in  the  reader  becoming  familiar  with  both\"}, {\"0\": \"of both.\", \"1\": \"British and European practices, which is probably\"}, {\"0\": \"The second major development is that a number\", \"1\": \"necessary  during  the  transition  phase  from  British\"}, {\"0\": \"of  small  but  signiﬁcant  amendments  have  been\", \"1\": \"Standards to Eurocodes.\"}], [], []]", "page_type": "mixed", "image": "Design of Structural Elements_ Concr_a6902759_p0008.png"}