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Add comprehensive README with GRAID statistics
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README.md
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---
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pretty_name: "GRAID Waymo Perception Dataset Question-Answer Dataset"
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language:
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- en
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license: "cc-by-nc-4.0"
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task_categories:
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- visual-question-answering
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- object-detection
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tags:
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- visual-reasoning
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- spatial-reasoning
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- object-detection
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- computer-vision
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- autonomous-driving
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- waymo
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---
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# GRAID Waymo Perception Dataset Question-Answer Dataset
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## Overview
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This dataset was generated using **GRAID** (**G**enerating **R**easoning questions from **A**nalysis of **I**mages via **D**iscriminative artificial intelligence), a framework for creating spatial reasoning datasets from object detection annotations.
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**GRAID** transforms raw object detection data into structured question-answer pairs that test various aspects of object localization, visual reasoning, spatial reasoning, and object relationship comprehension.
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## Dataset Details
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- **Total QA Pairs**: 13,855
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- **Source Dataset**: Waymo Perception Dataset
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- **Generation Date**: 2025-09-23
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- **Image Format**: Embedded in parquet files (no separate image files)
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- **Question Types**: 17 different reasoning patterns
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## Dataset Splits
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- **train**: 11,049 (79.75%)
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- **val**: 2,806 (20.25%)
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## Question Type Distribution
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- **Are there {target} or more {object_1}(s) in this image? Respond Yes/No.**: 3,080 (22.23%)
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- **Are there less than {target} {object_1}(s) in this image? Respond Yes/No.**: 3,080 (22.23%)
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- **How many {object_1}(s) are there in this image?**: 1,540 (11.12%)
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- **How many {object_1}(s) are in the image? Choose one: A) {range_a}, B) {range_b}, C) {range_c}, D) Unsure / Not Visible. Respond with the letter only.**: 1,186 (8.56%)
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- **Is there at least one {object_1} to the left of any {object_2}?**: 1,074 (7.75%)
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- **Is there at least one {object_1} to the right of any {object_2}?**: 1,074 (7.75%)
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- **Rank the {k} kinds of objects that appear the largest (by pixel area) in the image from largest to smallest. Provide your answer as a comma-separated list of object names only.**: 531 (3.83%)
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- **What kind of object appears the most frequently in the image?**: 497 (3.59%)
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- **What kind of object appears the least frequently in the image?**: 497 (3.59%)
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- **Are there more {object_1}(s) than {object_2}(s) in this image?**: 497 (3.59%)
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- **If you were to draw a tight box around each object in the image, which type of object would have the biggest box?**: 423 (3.05%)
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- **Divide the image into a grid of {N} rows x {M} columns. Number the cells from left to right, then top to bottom, starting with 1. In what cell does the {object_1} appear?**: 181 (1.31%)
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- **Divide the image into thirds. In which third does the {object_1} primarily appear? Respond with the letter only: A) left third, B) middle third, C) right third.**: 104 (0.75%)
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- **What is the leftmost object in the image?**: 38 (0.27%)
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- **What is the rightmost object in the image?**: 37 (0.27%)
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- **Does the rightmost object in the image appear to be wider than it is tall?**: 9 (0.06%)
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- **Does the leftmost object in the image appear to be wider than it is tall?**: 7 (0.05%)
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## Performance Analysis
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### Question Processing Efficiency
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| Question Type | is_applicable Avg (ms) | apply Avg (ms) | Predicate -> QA Hit Rate | Empty cases |
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|---------------|------------------------|----------------|--------------------------|-------------|
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| Divide the image into thirds. In which third does the {object_1} primarily appear? Respond with the letter only: A) left third, B) middle third, C) right third. | 0.03 | 0.32 | 66.2% | 53 |
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| Divide the image into a grid of {N} rows x {M} columns. Number the cells from left to right, then top to bottom, starting with 1. In what cell does the {object_1} appear? | 0.01 | 1.82 | 28.8% | 447 |
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| If you were to draw a tight box around each object in the image, which type of object would have the biggest box? | 0.02 | 18.40 | 78.3% | 117 |
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| Rank the {k} kinds of objects that appear the largest (by pixel area) in the image from largest to smallest. Provide your answer as a comma-separated list of object names only. | 0.02 | 15.74 | 98.3% | 9 |
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| What kind of object appears the most frequently in the image? | 0.01 | 0.02 | 92.0% | 43 |
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| What kind of object appears the least frequently in the image? | 0.01 | 0.02 | 92.0% | 43 |
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| Is there at least one {object_1} to the left of any {object_2}? | 1.60 | 9.09 | 100.0% | 0 |
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| Is there at least one {object_1} to the right of any {object_2}? | 1.43 | 8.01 | 100.0% | 0 |
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| What is the leftmost object in the image? | 0.02 | 1.47 | 24.2% | 119 |
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| What is the rightmost object in the image? | 0.01 | 1.36 | 23.6% | 120 |
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| How many {object_1}(s) are there in this image? | 0.01 | 0.02 | 100.0% | 0 |
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| Are there more {object_1}(s) than {object_2}(s) in this image? | 0.01 | 0.02 | 92.0% | 43 |
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| What appears the most in this image: {object_1}s, {object_2}s, or {object_3}s? | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.0% | 540 |
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| Does the leftmost object in the image appear to be wider than it is tall? | 0.01 | 0.50 | 4.5% | 150 |
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| Does the rightmost object in the image appear to be wider than it is tall? | 0.01 | 0.55 | 5.7% | 148 |
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| Are there {target} or more {object_1}(s) in this image? Respond Yes/No. | 0.01 | 0.02 | 100.0% | 0 |
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| Are there less than {target} {object_1}(s) in this image? Respond Yes/No. | 0.01 | 0.02 | 100.0% | 0 |
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| How many {object_1}(s) are in the image? Choose one: A) {range_a}, B) {range_b}, C) {range_c}, D) Unsure / Not Visible. Respond with the letter only. | 0.01 | 0.13 | 88.8% | 112 |
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**Notes:**
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- `is_applicable` checks if a question type can be applied to an image
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- `apply` generates the actual question-answer pairs
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- Predicate -> QA Hit Rate = Percentage of applicable cases that generated at least one QA pair
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- Empty cases = Number of times is_applicable=True but apply returned no QA pairs
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## Usage
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load the complete dataset
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dataset = load_dataset("kd7/graid-waymo-unique")
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# Access individual splits
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train_data = dataset["train"]
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val_data = dataset["val"]
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# Example of accessing a sample
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sample = dataset["train"][0] # or "val"
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print(f"Question: {sample['question']}")
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print(f"Answer: {sample['answer']}")
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print(f"Question Type: {sample['question_type']}")
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# The image is embedded as a PIL Image object
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image = sample["image"]
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image.show() # Display the image
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```
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## Dataset Schema
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- **image**: PIL Image object (embedded, no separate files)
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- **annotations**: COCO-style bounding box annotations
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- **question**: Generated question text
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- **answer**: Corresponding answer text
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- **reasoning**: Additional reasoning information (if applicable)
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- **question_type**: Type of question (e.g., "HowMany", "LeftOf", "Quadrants")
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- **source_id**: Original image identifier from Waymo Perception Dataset
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## License
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This generated dataset is licensed under **Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)**, which permits free use for non-commercial purposes including academic research and education.
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**Commercial Use Policy**: Commercial entities (including startups and companies) that wish to use this dataset for commercial purposes must obtain a paid license from **MESH**. The CC BY-NC license prohibits commercial use without explicit permission.
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To request a commercial license, please contact **Karim Elmaaroufi**.
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**Original Source Compliance**: The original source datasets and their licenses still apply to the underlying images and annotations. You must comply with both the CC BY-NC terms and the source dataset terms:
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This dataset is derived from the Waymo Perception Dataset. Please refer to the [Waymo Perception Dataset license terms](https://waymo.com/open/terms/) for usage restrictions.
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## Citation
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If you use this dataset in your research, please cite both the original dataset and the GRAID framework:
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```bibtex
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@dataset{graid_waymo,
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title={GRAID Waymo Perception Dataset Question-Answer Dataset},
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author={GRAID Framework},
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year={2025},
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note={Generated using GRAID: Generating Reasoning questions from Analysis of Images via Discriminative artificial intelligence}
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}
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@inproceedings{waymo,
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title={Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Dataset},
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author={Sun, Pei and Kretzschmar, Henrik and Dotiwalla, Xerxes and Chouard, Aurelien and Patnaik, Vijaysai and Tsui, Paul and Guo, James and Zhou, Yin and Chai, Yuning and Caine, Benjamin and others},
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booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
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pages={2446--2454},
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year={2020}
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}
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```
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## Contact
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For questions about this dataset or the GRAID framework, please open an issue in the repository.
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